13 DERIVATIVES

DEFINITION OF A DERIVATIVE

If y = f(x), the derivative of y or f(x) with respect to x is defined as

13.1
dy lim f(x +h) - f(x) lim f(x + tix) - f(x)
dx h-+0 h o
t>x-+ tix
where h = tix. The derivative is also denoted by y', df/dx or f'(x). The process of taking a derivative is
called differentiation.

GENERAL RUlES OF DIFFERENTIATION

In the following, u, v, w are functions of x; a, b, c, n are constants [restricted if indicated]; e = 2.71828 ...
is the natural base of logarithms; In u is the natural logarithm of u [i.e. the logarithm to the base e] where
it is assumed that u > 0 and all angles are in radians.

13.2 0

d
13.3 dx (ex) - c

d
13.4 dx (cxn) ncxn- 1

d du-+- dv + dw -+-
13.5 -(u±v±w±... ) -
dx dx - dx - dx

d du
13.6 dx(cu) c-
dx

d dv du
13.7 dx(uv) u-+ v-
dx dx

d uvdw + uw dv + du
13.8 -(uvw) vw-
dx dx dx dx

v(du/dx) - u(dv/dx)
13.9 ddx (;) v2

d nun-1 du
13.10 dx (un) dx

dy dy du
13.11 (Chah rule)
dx du dx

du 1
13.12
dx dx/du

dy dy/du
13.13
dx dx/du

53
54 DERIVATIVES

13.14 du d csc2 u du
:fx sin u cosu dx 13.17 dx cotu dx
d du d du
13.15 dx cosu -sinu- 13.18 dx secu := secu tan u dx
dx
d du d du
13.16 dx tan u sec2 13.19 dx cscu esc u cotu dx

13.20
d .
dx sm-I u
...; 1 _ ~~2
du
a-x [ -f < sin-1 u < i]
d -1 du
13.21 -cos- 1 u
dx [0 < cos-! u < ,-]
~dx

13.22 d tan- 1 u du
dx [-i < tan -I u < fJ
d du
13.23 -cot ·1 u
dx dx [0 < cot-1 u < ,-j

13.24
d
-sec-lu
dx
du
= du [+ if 0 < sec-1 u < Tr/2 J
dx dx - if ,-/2 < sec-t u < .,.

13.25 !!:_ csc-1 u du

=
::;:1 du [ - i f 0 < csc-lu < ,-/2 J
dx luivfu2-1 dx uvfu2-1 dx + if -.,./2 < esc-1 u < 0

loga e du
13.26 -u-dx a~ 0,1

d 1 du
13.27 -lnu
dx u dx

13.28 au In a du
dx

13.29

13.30 !!:_ e" In u

dx
= evlnu- [v
d
dx
In u]
du
vuv-1-
dx
+ dv
u" In u -
dx

d . h du d du
13.31 dx sm u cosh u dx 13.34 dx cothu -esch2u-
dx

d . h du d du
13.32 dx cosh u sm udx 13.35 dx seeh u - seeh u tanh u dx

d du
13.33 dx tanh u sech2u du
dx
13.36 :X csch u csch u coth u dx
 DERIVATIVES 55

13.37 .!!._sinh -1 u ---=-du

dx y'u2+ 1 dx

13.38
d
-cosh-1u
±1 du +
[-
if cosh-lu > 0, u > 1]
dx y'u2-1 dx if cosh-1 u < 0, u > 1

13.39
d
-tanh- 1 u
dx
= 1 du
1- u2 dx [-l<u<l]

d 1 du
13.40 - coth- 1 u [u > 1 or u < -1]
dx ~dx
d +1 du - if sech-I u > 0, 0 < u < 1]
13.41 - sech-1 u
dx uy1-u2 dx [ + if sech-1 u < 0, 0 < u < 1

d -1 du +1 du
13.42 - csch-tu ::::. ::::: [- if u > 0, + if u < 0]
dx !ulv1 + u2 dx uyl +u2 dx

HIGHER. DERIVAtiVES

The second, third and higher derivatives are defined as follows.

13.43 d2y
Second derivative d (dy) f"(x) = y"
dx dx dx2

13.44 Third derivative ;;;:; a (azy)

dx dx2
d3y
dx3
f"'(x) = y'"
13.45 nth derivative d ( an-ty) dny
J<nl(x) y<n)
dx dxn-1 dxn

LEfBNITZ'S RULE FOR HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF PRODUCTS

Let D'P stand for the operator d~P so that D 71u = ~:~ = the pth derivative of u. Then

13.46 Dn(uv) uDnv + (;) (Du)(Dn-lv) + (;) (D2u)(Dn-2v) + · · · + vDnu

where (;). (;). ... are the binomial coefficients [page 3].

As special cases we have

d2 + +
13.47 dx 2 (uv) = d2v
u dx2
2 du dv
dx dx
v d2u
dx2

13.48 dJ
dx3 (uv)
u d3v + 3 du d2v + 3 d2u dv + 11
d3u
dx3 dx dx2 dx2 dx dx3

Let y f(x) and fly

13.49 f'(x) + • dy +.
ax dx
where e ...,. 0 as Ax -> 0. Thus
13.50 /'(x) Ax + • Ax
If we call Ax = dx the differential of x, then we define the differential of y to be
13.51 dy = f'(x) dx
56 DERIVATIVES

The rules for differentials are exactly analogous to those for derivatives. As examples we observe that

13.52 d(u ±v±w ± · · ·) ::::: du ± dv ± dw ± · · ·

13.53 d(uv) udv + vdu

13.54 a(~) vdu- udv

13.55 d(un) = nun-ldu

13.56 d(sin u) cosu du

13.57 d(cosu) -sinu du

Let f(x, y) be a function of the two variables x and y. Then we define the partial derivative of f(x, y)
with respect to x, keeping y constant, to be
lim /(x + ~x. y) - f(x, y)
13.58 = Ax-+0 ~X

Similarly the partial derivative of f(x, y) with respect to y, keeping x constant, is defined to be

13.59 lim
iJy au .... o

Partial derivatives of higher order can be defined as follows.

13.60 a(at)
ax ax '

13.61
The results in 13.61 will be equal if the function and its partial derivatives are continuous, i.e. in such
case the order of differentiation makes no difference.
The differential of f(x, y) is defined as

13.62 df = ax
at dx + iJf dy
ay
where dx = ~x and dy ~y.

Extension to functions of more than two variables are exactly analogous.

 14

If ~y f{x), then y is the function whose derivative is /(x) and is called the anti-derivative of f(x)
or the in~efinite integral of f(x), denoted by f /(x) dx. Similarly if y f f(u) du, then ~~ = /(u).
Since the derivative of a constant is zero, all indefinite integrals differ by an arbitrary constant.
For the definition of a definite integral, see page 94. The process of finding an integral is called
integration.

In the following, u, v, w are functions of x; a, b, p, q, n any constants, restricted if indicated;

=
e 2. 71828 ... is the natural base of logarithms; In u denotes the natural logarithm of u where it is assumed
that tt > 0 [in general, to extend formulas to cases where u < 0 as well, replace In u by In !uiJ; all angles
are in radians; all constants of integration are omitted but implied.

14.1 J adx = ax

14.2 J af(x) dx a J f(x)dx

14.3 f (u±v w •. ·) dx f udx ± f vdx ± f wdx ±

14.4 f udv uv- f vdu [Integration by parts J

For generalized integration by parts, see 14.48.

14.5 J f(ax) dx = ~ J f(u) du

14.6 J F{f(x)} dx = J F(u) : : du

f F(u)
f'(x) du where u = /(x)

14.7 f undu = n oF -1 [For n = -1, see 14.8]

14.8 In u if u > 0 or In (-u) if u <0

In Juj

14.9 J e"du

14.10 J audu f eulna du = Ina

a
a> 0, a# 1

57
58 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

14.11 j' sin u du -cosu

14.12 .f cosu du = sin u

14.13 J tanu du In secu -In cosu

14.14 j' cotu du = In sin u

14.15 J secu du In (sec u + tan u) ln tan(~+~)
14.16 J cscu du ln (esc u cotu) In tan
u
2

14.17 J sec2u du tanu

14.18 J csc2u du = -cotu

14.19 J tan2 u du tanu- u

14.20 J cot2u du -cotu ~ u

14.21 J sin2u du =
u
2
sin2u
-4- !(u sin u cos u)

14.22 j' cos2u du ~+sin 2u

2 4 = !(u + sin u cos u)

14.23 j' sec u tan u du secu

14.24 J esc u cotu du = -cscu

14.25 J sinhu du coshu

14.26 J coshudu = sinhu

14.27 J tanhu du In coshu

14.28 J cothu du = In sinhu

14.29 J sechu du sin -1 (tanh u) or 2 tan-1 eu

14.30 J csch u du In tanh 2

tt
or coth- 1 eu

14.31 j' sech2 u du = tanh u

14.32 f csch2 u du coth u

14.33 J tanh2 u du u - tanhu

 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 59

14.34 J coth2 u du = u - coth u

14.35 J sinh2 u du
sinh2u
4 2
u
= -!(sinh u cosh u u)

14.36 J cosh2 u du sin~ 2 u + ~ = -!(sinh u cosh u + u)

14.37 J sech u tanh u du sech u

14.38 J csch u coth u du :::: - csch u

14.39
f u2
du
+ a2
1 u
- tan-1-
a a

14.40 _.! coth- 1 ~

a a
1 u
14.41 - tanh-1-
a a

14.42

14.43 .r du In (u + yu2 + a2) or

14.44 J In(u + yu2-a2)

14.45 j' uvu2-a2

du = ~ sec-11 ~a I
~

14.46 J aln (a+~)

14.47
f a ln (a+~)
uva2-u2

14.48 f J<nlg dx = J<n-Dg - J<n-2)g' + fln-3)g" - ... (-1)n f fg<n) dx

This is called generalized integration by parts.

Often in practice an integral can be simpiifted by using an appropriate transformation or substitution

and formula 14.6, page 57. The following list gives some transformations and their effects.

14.49 J F(ax+b)dx = ~ J F(u)du where u = ax+b

14.50 J F{V ax + b ) dx a2 J uF(u) du where u vax+b

14.51 J F(Vax + b ) dx .; f un-I F(u) du where u = Vax+b

14.52 f F(Va2-x2)dx a J F(a cosu) cosu du where X a sinu

14.53 f F(yx2+a2)dx a f F(a sec u) sec2 u du where x = atanu

60 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

14.54 f dx = a f F(a tan u) sec u tan u du where x = a see u

14.55 f F(eax) dx = ~ J F~u) du where u = e=

14.56 f F(ln x) dx = f F(u) eu du where u lnx

14.57 J F (sin-1~) dx a j' F(u) cos u du where u

Similar results apply for other inverse trigonometric functions.

14.58 f F(sin x, cos x) dx 2

f ( F
2u
1 + u2 '
1 - u2)
1 + u2
du
1 + u2
where u
X
tan2

··.· ., .;. ~~?f ~-~·$J~~)~t.~•.~.A,~s: .

·.;;)' '", ,/,;'\ :- _- < '·'· -- "'~ '. ,,,,-; ?< -- ';," - __ } -- '

Pages 60 through 93 provide a table of integrals classified under special types. The remarks given on
page 57 apply here as well. It is assumed in all cases that division by zero is excluded.

14.59 f _;.;"-::-
ax
= -1;:;_ ln(ax +b)
b
= Xa - az
14.60
J xdx
ax+ b
In (ax+ b)

(ax+ b)Z _ 2b(ax +b) + b2 Jn (ax+ b)

14.61
f ~
ax+ b 2a3 a3 aa

= (ax+ b)3 3b(ax + b)2 + 3bZ(ax +b) - ln (ax+ b)

14.62
J x3dx
ax+ b 3a4 2a4 a4
b34
a

dx
14.63
J x(ax +b)

14.64

14.65
J x:l(aa:+ b)

14.66 f (ax~b)Z -1
a(ax+ b)

b 1
14.67
f xdx
(ax+ b)2 aZ(ax +b) + a2 In (ax+ b)

14.68
J x2dx
+ b)2
(!W
= a:r: + b
----;;_a- -
b2 2b ( b
a3(ax +b) - aa In ax+ )

= (ax+ b)2 _ 3b(ax +b) + bll + -3b2

14.69
f x3dx
(ax+ b)2 2a4 a4 a4(ax + b) a4
In (ax+ b)

14.70
f dx
x(ax + b)2 = b(ax\ b) + tz (ax~ b)
In

14.71 J x2(~W +
dx b)2
-a
b2(ax +b) -
1+
b2x
2a (ax+
b3 ln --x-
b)
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 61

14.72 (ax+ b)2 + 3a(ax +b) 3a2 In (ax+ b)

2b 4 x 2 b4x b4 (ax +b) b4 X'

-1
14.73 2(ax + b)2

14.74 -1 + b
a2(ax +b) 2a2(ax + b)2
xZdx
14.75
f (ax+ b)3
2b
a3(ax +b)
b2
2a3(ax + b)2 +
1
aa ln (ax+ b)

x3dx
14.76
f (ax+ b)3 + 2a4 (ax + b)2
3b
4ln (ax+ b)
a

14.77
f dx
x(ax+ b)3
a2x2
2b3(ax + b)2 -
2ax
b3(ax +b) -
1 (ax +
b3 1n - - x -
b)
14.78 J dx
x2(ax + b)3 = -a
2b2(ax + b)2
2a
b3(ax +b)
__1_ + 3a 1n(ax+ b)
b3x b4 x

14.79 J dx
x3(ax+ b)3
a4x2
2b 5 (ax + b) 2
4a3x
b5(ax +b)
(ax+ b)2
2b5x2
6a.2 In (ax + b)
b5 X

(ax+ b)n+l
14.80 f(ax+b)ndx
(n+ 1)a
If n = -1, see 14.59.

=
14.81
f x(ax+b)ndx (ax+b)n+2- b(ax+b)n+l
(n + 2)a2 (n + 1)a2 '
n#-1,-2

If n = -1, -2, see 14.60, 14.67.

14.82 x2(ax +b)" dx = (ax+ b)n+3 - 2b(ax + b)n+2 + b2(ax + b)n+ 1

f (n + 3)a3 (n + 2)a3 (n + l)a3
If n -1, -2, -3, see 14.61, 14.68, 14.75.

14.83 xm(ax + b)n+t

(m+n+ l)a (m +: : l)a f xm-l(ax + b)n dx
-xm+l(ax + b)n+l
(n + l)b
+ m(n+
+ n + 2
1 )b
f x
m(
ax
+ b)n+l d
x

14.84
f vax+ b a

14.85 f xdx
vax+b
2(ax
aaz
2b) _r---;-;-+b
vax -r o

14.86 f x2dx
Vax+b

14.87 J dx
11 Vb ln (~-Vb)
Vb
vax + b +
xvax + b
R2 t an -1~
--::;)

14.88 J dx -
Vax+b
bx
a
- 2b
J dx
xvax+b
[See 14.87]
x 2Vax+b
62 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

14.89 J Vax+ b dx

14.90 J xyax+ b dx 2(3;~a2 2b) y(ax + b)3

14.91 J x2yax+ b dx
2(15a2x2- 12abx + 8b 2 ) ./( . + b) 3
105a3 v ax

Jvax+b
14.92 dx [See 14.87]
X

14.93
svax+b
dx -
r---:--:
vax+b + -2a f --- [See 14.87]
X XV ax+ b

14.94 J x"' d
2x"'vax + b
-=--~--
(2m+ 1)a
- f2mb
(2m+ 1)a
xm-1
yax + b
dx
yax+b X

dx
14.95
f xmyax+ b =
14.96 f xmy ax+ b dx =

14.97 f
vax+b
---dx + a
2(m -1)
J dx
xm-Iyax + b

vax+b (2m-5)aJ~
14.98 f X
m dx
-(ax+ b)3/2
(m-1)bxm 1 - (2m-2)b dx

2(ax + b)<m+2l/2
14.99
f (ax+ b)m/2 dx =
a(m+ 2)

14.100 J x(ax + b)m/2 dx- = 2(ax + b)<m+4l/2

a 2 (m+ 4)
Zb(ax + b)<m+2)/2
a2(m+ 2)

14.101 J x2(ax + b)m/2 dx = 2{ax + b)<m+6H2 _ 4b(ax + b)(m+4l/2 + 2b2(ax + b)<m+2l/2

a3(m + 6) a3(m + 4) a,3(m + 2)

14.102 J -"=(a:::x:.. . +:.. . x.::Jb):.. . "'_/2 dx =2::::(ax::::_:+___.:b::i.)_"'_'2 + b

m
J (ax+ b)<m-Z)fz dx
x
(ax+ b)ml2 (ax+ b)<m+2l/2 ma J (ax+ b)ml2
14.103
f z2 dx = - bx + 2b x dx

14.104
f dx
x(ax + b)m/2
= 2
(m- Z)b(ax + b)<m 2)/2
+!
b
f dx
x(ax + b)<m- 2 l1 2

INTEGRALS INVOlVING ~ + b AHO ~ q

14.105 J dx
(ax+ b)(px + q) = bp
1
aq
ln (px +
ax+ b
q)
14.106 f
•
xdx
(ax+ b)(px + q)
1
= b P aq {£.ln(ax+b)-
a
~ln(px+q)}
P

14.107 J dx
(ax+ b)2(px + q) bp
1 · (- -
1 +
aq Lax + b bp
p
aq
(px-
In +-q)}
ax + b

14.108 J ;t;dx
(ax+ b)2(px + q) = 1 { q (ax+ b)
bp - aq bp - aq 1n px + q -
b
a(ax +b)
}

14.109 J x dx
2 b2 + 1
-p ln(px + q)
{ q2
+
b(bp--; Zaq) ln (ax+ o}}
(ax+ b)2(px + q) (bp- aq)a2(ax +b) (bp- aq)2 a J
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 68

14.110
J dx
(ax+ b)m(px + q)n (n
1
l)(b p aq) {cax + b)m ;(px + q)" 1

+ a(m+n-2) J (ax+b)m~;x+q)n 1}
=
14.111
f ax + b dx
px + q
ax + bp
P p2
aq In (px + q)

---=-~--{(ax+b)m+1
(n- l)(bp- aq) (px + q)" 1 + (n- m- 2 )a
f (ax+b)m
(px + q)" 1 dx
}

14.112
•
f' (ax+
(px +
b)m dx
q)" m(bp- aq) J<~;::~: 1
dx}

(ax+ b)m-1 )
ma f (px+ q)" 1 dx J

= 2(apx+ 3aq- 2bp) -~+b

14.113
f px + q dx
-~
vax+ b 3a 2 vax-ro

r 1 (yp(ax +b)- y;;:p::::aq)

I
dx yp In
14.114
f (px + q) Vax + b
ybp- aq

2 t
yp(ax +b)+ ybp- aq

_1 p(ax+b)
yaq - bp VP an aq bp

2Vax+b ybp-aq (yp(ax+b) ybp-aq)

---+ In
14.115 s~
px + q
dx =
P PVP yp(ax+b)+ybp-aq

2~ 2yaq- bp p(ax +b)

tan- 1
p
PvP aq- bp-

14.116 J (px + q)nyax + b dx

dx
14.117
f (px + q)" vax + b
14.118 J(px+q)n dx 2(px+q)n~ + 2n(aq-bp}j'(px+q)n-ldx
vax+b (2n+l)a Vax+b

-vax+ b
+
a
2(n-l)p
j' (px+q)n-lyax+b
dx

ff1t.o~t.4_t$1NVOI.VJ,_.G y'ax + b AND y'px + q

14.120 J dx
= {kin(va(px+q)+yp(ax+b))
y(ax + b)(px + q) 2 atn _ 1 -p(ax+b)
--
...;=o;p a(px + q)

14.121 f xdx
y(ax + b)(px + q)
V(ax + b)(px + q)
ap
bp + aq J dx
2ap y(ax + b)(px + q}
64 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

14.122 J + y(ax b)(px + q) dx 2apx +4 bp + aq y(ax + b)(px + q)

ap

+ x q y(ax+ b)(px+ q) aq- bp J -;::=======-

14.123
J {ffi ---dx
ax+b a
+ --
2a
-
dx 2~
14.124
J + (px q) V(ax + b)(px + q) (aq- bp) ypx + q

14.125 J + x2
dx
az

14.126 J + x2
xdx
a,2
1
-In
2
(x 2 + a,2)

14.127 J + x2dx
x2 a2
:::: x - a tan-1::..
a

14.128 J + x3dx
x2 a2
x2
2
a2
2
In (x2 + a2)

14.129 J dx
x(x2+ a2) = 2~2ln (xz ~ az)
14.130 J + dx
x2(x2 a2)
1
a2 x
_!3 tan-1~
a a

14.131 J + dx
x3(x2 a2) - 2a~x2 - 2~4 In (x2 ~ a2)
14.132 J dx
(x2+ a2)2
x
2a2(x2 + a2)
+ ..1_ tan-1 x
2a3 a

14.133 J + xdx
(x2 a2)2
-1

14.134 J + 2
x dx
(x2 a2)2
-x
2(x2 + a 2)
+ _!_
2a
tan-1::..
a

14.135 J + x3dx
(x2 a2)2 = 2(x2a: a2) + ~ In (x2 + a2)

14.136 J + dx
x(x2 a2)2
= 1
2a2(x2 + a2)
+1 1 (x2)
2a4 n x2 + a2

14.137 J + dx
x2(x2 a2)2
_ __!_-
a4x
x
2a4(x2 + a2)
- .JL tan-1~
2a5 a

14.138 J + dx
x3(x2 a2)2 - 2a!x2 - 2a4(x; + a2) - ;6 ln ( x2 ~ a2)
14.139 J + (x2
dx
a2)n
x
2(n -l)a2(x2 + a,2)n 1 + (2n
2n3J 2)a2
dx
(x2 + a,2)n-1

14.140 •
f + xdx
(x2 a2)n

14.141 J + dx
x(x2 a2)n

14.142
J
14.143 J + dx
a;m(;.u2 a2)n
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 65

14.144
f
. X2a2
dx
1 l (x
2a n x +a
a) or
1 X
- - coth-1-
a a

14.145
f xdx
X2(i2 _! ln (x 2 - a2)
2

14.146 = x +!!ern(~)
2 x +a

14.147

14.148 1
2a2ln (xz_x_2_az)
14.149 1
a2x
(x a)
--+-In-- 1
2a3 x +a

14.150 1 1 ( x2 )
2a2x2 - 2a4 ln x2 a2

14.151
f dx
(x2 _ a2)2 2a2(x2
-x 1 1
a2) - 4a3 n
(x + a)
x a

xdx -1
14.152
f (x2 a2)2 =
14.153 -x
+ .l.rn(~)
4a x +a

14.154

14.155
f dx
x(x2- a2)2

14.156 f dx
x2(x2- a2)2 = 1
- a4 x - 2a4(x2
X
a2) -~In(~)
4a5 x +a

14.157 f
, x3(x2
dx
a2)2
1
- 2a.4x2- 2a.4(x2
1
a2) + 1
a6 ln ( x2 )
X2a2

14.158 f
, (x2
dx
a2)n 2(n a2)n 1
2n- 3
(2n 2)a2
f dx
(x2 - a2)n

14.159 f xdx
(x2 a2)n 2(n a2)n 1

14.160 J x(x2
dx
a2)n 2(n a2)n 1 -
1
a2
J dx
x(x2- a2)n

14.161
f xmdx
(x2- a2)n -
f xm-2dx
(x2- a2)n-1
+ aZ f
•
xm-2dx
(x2 a2)n

14.162
66 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

14.163 f ~
dx _!_In(~)
2a a x
or !
a
tanh- 1 ~
a

14.164 f xdx
a2- x2
- 21 In (a2- x2)

14.165 f x2dx
a2 xz
-x +-In
2
a (a+ x)
- -
a x

14.166 J x3dx
a2- ;~;2
xz
---- -
2
a2
-
2
ln (a2 - x2)

14.167 f dx
x(a2 x2) = 1 (
2a2ln a2
x2 )
xz

14.168 f dx
x2(a2 x2)
14.169 f dx
x3(a2 x2)
---+-In
1
2a2x2
1
2a4
(x2)
-
a2
- x2
-

14.170 J dx
(a2- x2)2
x
2a2(a2 x2)
+1I(a+x)
4a3 n ""l.lX

1
14.171 =

14.172

14.173

dx
14.174
f x(a2- x2)2

14.175

14.176

14.177
f (a2
dx
x2)n
=
2(n
x
1)a2(a2- x2)n-l
+ 2n 3
(2n- 2)a2
f dx
(a2- x2)n-1

14.178 f (a2
xdx
x2)n 2(n
1
l)(a2 _ x2)n 1

14.179 f x(a2
dx
x2)n 2(n x2)n 1
+ 1
a2
f dx
x(a2- x2)n-t

f xm-2dx - f xm-2dx
14.180
f = a2
(a2- x2)n (a2 x2)n-1

14.181
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 67

14.182 J dx
yx2 + a2
In (x + yx2 + a 2 ) or sinh -l.~
a

14.183 J xdx
yx2+a2

14.184 f 2
x dx
yx2+a2
= a2
2 In (x + -~
v x2 + a2)

= (x2 + a2)3/2 - a2v x2 + a2

14.185
J yx2+a2 3
dx 1 a+ yx2+a2)
14.186
f = - -ln
a x

14.187 f dx
x2yx2 + a2
~

14.188 f dx
Vx2 + a2 + - 1 In
---=---,-:o--
2a2x2 2a3
(a + V x2 + a2)
x
x3yx2 + a2

14.189 J yx2+a2dx
xvx +a
= ---::---
2
2a2
+ -In
2
2
(z + yx2 + a2)

14.190 J xyx2+a2 dx = (x2 + a2)3!2

3

14.191 Jx v'x +
2 2
a2 dx = x(x2 + a2)3/2
4

14.192 f x3yx2+a2 dx
(x2 + a2)5/2
5

14.193 f -yx2+a2
--dx
X
v' x2 + a2 - a In (a + ~)
yx2+a2 v'x2+ a2
14.194 f -~-dz = - X
+ ln(x + yz2+a2)
yx2+a2
14.195 f dx = 1
-In
2a
(a+ vx2+a2)
x

14.196
f (x2
dx
+ a2)312
xdx
14.197
f
• (x2 + a2)3/2
-1

-x
14.198
V1172 + a2 + In (x + y x2 + a2)
14.199 ~+ a2
v'x2+ a,2

14.200
f dx
x(x2 + a2)3/2
1 1
--In
(a + V + a2)
x2
a2Vx2 + a2 a3 X

14.201
a4y'x2 + a2

14.202
-1 3 3
+ - I5n
(a+ yx2+a2)
2a4v' x2 + a2 2a x
68 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

14.203 J (x2 + a2)3/2 dx =

x(xZ + a2)312
4
+
3a2x...j x2 + a2
8
3
+ga4 ln(x+yx 2 +a2 )

14.204 J x(x2 + a2)3t2 dx

14.205 J x2(x2 + a2)3t2 dx

x(x2 + a2)512
6
a2x(x2 + a2)3/2
24
a4xyxZ+aZ
16
-
a6
16
In (x + yxZ+ a2)
14.206 f x3(x2 + a2)3/2 dx
(x2 + a2)712
7

14.207
J (x2 + a2)312
X
dx + aZ...j xZ + a2 - as ln (
a+ Vx2+a2)
x

14.208
f (x2 + a2)3/2
X2
dx .l.::__:_x=-.!_ +
3x...Jx2+ a 2
+
3
2 a2 ln (x + Vx2 + a,Z )

14.209
J (x2 + a2)3/2
x3 dx
( 2 + 2)312
x a
2x 2
3 3
+-...Jxz+a2--aln
2 2
(a + ...j xz + az)
x

14.210 J dx
...Jx2-a2
In (x +
f
xdx
...Jxz -a2

x 2 dx xVx 2 - a 2 2
14.211
f 2
+ ~ ln(x + ...Jx2-a2)

14.212 J x3dx
...Jxz- a2
= -'-'x:_2_--=.a_,2)_st_z
(
3
+ a2 y x2 - a2

14.213
J x...Jx2-a2

14.214
J
14.215 J dx =
...jx2- a2
2a2x2 +
1
2a3 sec-1
I~ I
xs...Jxz- a2

14.216 J ...j:r;2-a2 dx
x...Jxz- a2
-----!!:..._In (x
2 2
z
+ yx2-a2)

14.217 J x...Jx2-a2 dx
(x2 _ a2)312
3
a 2 x~
14.218 .f :r;2y:r;2- a2 dx
x(x2
4
a2)312
+ 8
a4
-g-In (x +

14.219 f xav x2 - a2 dx
::::: (x2
5
a2)512
+
a2(x2- a2)312
3

14.220
f X
dx Vx 2 - a2 - a sec- 1 ~~~

14.221
j' ...Jxz-az dx Jxz- a2
- - - + ln(x + yx2-a2)
X

14.222
f ...Jx2-a2
dx - Jxz2x-aZ
2 +-1
2a
\
sec- 1 ~
a
I
• X3

14.223 J (x2 _a:,z)s;z

 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 69

14.224 J~ xdx -1
(x2- a2)312 yx2- a2

14.225 J 2
x dx
(x2 _ a2)3/2 + In (x + Vx2- a2)

14.226 J x3dx
(x2 _ a2)3/2 -Jxz- a2
a2
yx2-a2

14.227 J dx
x(.x2 - a2)3/2 =
-1
az..Jxz- a2
~3 1
sec- ) ~I

14.228 J dx
x2(x2- a2)312
...)x2- a2
a 4x
X
a4yx2- a2

14.229 J x3(x2
dx
a2)3/2 2a 2 x2y x2
1
- a2
3
2a.4y ,x2 - a.2
3 sec - 1 X
2a5 IaI
14.230 J (x2 a2)312dx
x(x2 _ a2)312
4
+ l!a41n(x+-Jx2-a2)
8

14.231 J .x(x2 a2)312 dx

14.232 f x2(x2 a2)3/2 dx + as In (x + ~

+ -16 x2- a2)

14.233 f x3(x2- a2)3/2 dx

(x2 _ a2)1/2
7 +
a2(x2 _ a2)5/2
5

14.234
J (.x2 _ a2)3/2
X
dx :::::.
(x2 3a2)312 - azy x2 - a2 + a3 sec-1 I; I
14.235
f (x2- a2)3/2
X2
dx =
(x2
X
a2)312
+
3xy x2 - a2
2
-3 a2 In (.x
2
+ v'X2="-
x2- a 2 )

14.236
f (x2 a2)3/2
X3
dx - (x2 a2)3/2
2x 2
+ 3yx2- a2
2
3 xI
--asec- 1 -
2 a
l

1NteGltAU 1NVOlV1NG ya}- .x2 .

14.237 J dx
ya2-x2
sin-1~
a

14.238 J xd.x
ya2-x2
= -ya2-x2

14.239 f x2dx
.xya2- x 2
----,--- + ~2
2
sin -1 ~

14.240 s ..,Jaz- x2
x3dx
ya2- x2
(a2- x2)3/2
3
a2ya2- x2
a

14.241 J dx
.x...;'az- xz
= -~ln(a+~)

14.242 J dx
x2ya2- x2
=
~

14.243 s dx
x3ya2- x2
1 (a+~)
2aaln x
70 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

X~ a2 . x
14.244
f dx = 2
+ P.
;:;
sm-1-
a

14.245 f xvaz- x2 dx

14.246 f x2-Ja2-x2 dx
_x_,_(a;;..z_-...,.::.x...:.2)_31_z
4
+ azx...j a2 - x2
8
+ a4
8
• x
sm-t;;;

14.247 f x3vfa2- xZ dx
(a2
5
x2)512 _ a2(a2
3
x2)312

14.248 f
•
vfa2-x2
---dx
X
_ r:;;---;.
ya~- x~ - a ln
(a+ ...j a2- x2)
X

14.249

14.250
f dx

14.251 J dx
(a2- x2)3/2
X

14.252 J (a2
xdx
x2)3/2
:::::
1

14.253 J (a2
xZd;r.,
x2)312

14.254 f x3dx
(aZ- x2)3/2
vaz- x2 + __a_z_
...jaz- x2

_ 1 1 (a + Va2- xz)
14.255
f -
aZ...jaz- x2
- - I3n
a x

14.256 J dx
x2(a2- x2)312

14.257 s dx
x3(a2- x2)3/2
-1
2a2x2...j a2 - x2
+ 3
2a4Va2 _ x2
_
2a5
_!_In (a+~) x

x(a2- x2)312
14.258 J (a2- x2)3/2 dx = 4 + + ;!a4 sin-1::_
8 a

14.259 j' x(a2- x2)3/2 dx (a2

5
x2)5/2

14.260 J x2(a2- x2)3/2 dx = + +

a4 x~
16
a6 x
+-sin-I-
16 a

14.261 J x3(a2 x2)312 dx

J<a2 x2)312
14.262 dx
X

J<az
x2)3/2 (a2
~_
x2)3/2 3x~ 3 2 sm-1-
-a
. x
14.263 x2 dx x
_:_:_c:__ -
2
-
2 a

14.264
J (a2- x2)3/2
x3 dx
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 71

1::: ~ :2

l
y4ac- b2 tan-
14.265
f ax2
dx
+ bx + c 1 (2ax +b Vr:-:bz=-_-4_a_c)
y b2 - 4ac In 2ax + b + Yb2 - 4ac

= =
If b2 4ac, ax 2 + bx + c a(x + b/2a)2 and the results on pages 60-61 can be used. If b =0 use
results on page 64. If a or c 0 use results on pages 60-61.

xdx 1
14.266
f ax2 + bx + c 2
a In (ax2 + bx + c)

x2dx
14.267
f ax2 + bx + c

14.268 f xmdx
ax2 + bx + c (m
xm-1
1)a
c
a
f c -
b
a
f xm- 1 dx
ax 2 + bx + c

14.269 J dx
x(ax2 + bx + c)
1
-In
2c
( x2
ax2 + bx + c
)
if c

14.270
f = ..!_ In ( ax2 + bx + c)
2c 2 xz ex
+ J ax2
dx
+ bx + c

cb f xn :f
dx dx
14.271
f 1
(n- l)cxn- 1 - 1(ax2 + bx + c) X" 2(ax2 + bx +c)

14.272
f = 2ax + b
(4ac- b2)(ax 2 + bx +c)
+
•
f dx
ax2 + bx + c

14.273 J xdx
(ax2 + bx + c)2
bx + 2c
(4ac- b2)(ax2 + bx +c) - 4ac ~bf 2 c

14.274 J ;~;2dx
(ax2 + bx + c)2
(b 2 - 2ac)x + be
a(4ac- b2)(ax2 + bx +c)
+ 2c
4ac - b2
J dx
ax2 + bx + c

14.275 J xmdx
(ax2 + bx + c)"

14.276
f (ax2
x2n-1 dx
+ bx + c)n -
1
a
f x2n-3dx
(a.x2 + bx +c)" 1 -
c
a
f x2n-3
(a.x 2 + bx + c)n -
dx bf
a:
x2n-2 dx
(ax2 + bx + c)n

14.277
f dx
x(ax2 + bx + c)2
1
2c(ax 2 + bx +c)
b
2c
J dx
(ax2 + bx + c)2
+
c1 J dx
x(a.x2 + bx + c)

14.278 f dx
x 2 (ax 2 + bx + c)2 cx(ax 2
1
+ bx +c)
3aJ
c dx
(ax 2 + bx + c)2 c f dx
x(axz + bx + c)2

(m + 2n- 3)a
(m- 1)c
J xm
dx
2 (ax 2 + bx + c)n
_ (m + n- 2)b
(m- 1)c
J dx
xm I(ax2 + bx +c)"
72 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

,~/

tNl'IHAB INYOlVINQ y(J,(J; 2 ,f., ba: + e

In the following results if b2 =

4ac, yax 2 + bz + c = Va (x + b/2a) and the results on pages 60-61 can
be used. If b =0 use the results on pages 67-70. If a 0 or c = 0 use the results on pages 61-62.

__!_In (2ya v' ax2 + bx + c + 2ax + b)

14.280 f dx
yax2+bx+c
Va
{ _ _1_ sin-1 ( 2ax +b ) or _...!_ sinh-1 ( 2ax + b )
Fa yb2- 4ac Va y 4ac- b2
14.281 J xdx
yax 2 + bx+ c
vax2+ b:~:+ c -
a
l_f
2a vax2 +bx+c
d:~:

x2dx
14.282
f yax2+ bx+c

14.283
f xy ax2 + bx + c
or 1 sm
-- . h- 1 ( bx + 2c )
Vc !xi V4ac- b2
dx
14.284
f ex

14.285 Jy ax2 + bx + c dx

14.286 f xv' ax2 + bx + c dx (ax2 + bx + c)3/2 - b(2ax +b) vax2 + bx + c

8a2
3a
b(4a.c b2)
16a2
dx J
vax2 + bx + c
14.287 f x2yax2 + + bx c dx 6ax- 5b (ax2 + bx + c)3/2
24a2
+ 5b2- 24acf v'ax2 + bx + c dx
16a

14.288 f yax2: + bx c dx vax2 + bx + c + _2b J dx

yax2+ bx+ c
+ cf dx
xva.x 2 + bx + c

+ J ~ J
14.289
f dx -'----x-- a --;::::;;==dx=:=== + -;;=;;=d=x=;===

14.290
.f +:: +
(axz c)3/2 =
2(2ax +b)

xdx
14.291
f + +(ax 2 bx c)31 2

x2dx
14.292
f + +(ax2 bx c)312

14.293 J~~
14.294
f
dx
x 2 (ax 2 + bx + c) 3 12
ax2 + 2bx + c
c 2 xyax2 + bx +c
b2- 2ac
2c2
J (ax2
dx
+ bx + c)3!2
-;;2 f --;:=::=:::::::===
14.295 f (ax2 + bx + c)n + 1/2 dx
(2ax + b)(ax2 + bx + c)n+ 112
4a(n + 1)

+ (2n + 1)(4ac- b )
Sa(n + l)
2
f( ax
2 + bx + c)n-1/2 d x
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 73

14.296 f x(ax2 + bx + c)n+l/2 dx = (ax2 + bx + c)n+3/2 -

a(2n+ 3)
jJ__
2a
f (ax2 + bx + c)n+l/2 dx

. dx 2(2ax +b)
14.297
J (ax2 + bx + c)n+l/ 2 - (2n -1)(4ac- b2)(ax2 +.----;-bx----:-+-c_.,-)-n-1;-;12

+ 8a( n - 1)
(2n- 1)(4ac- b2).
J (ax2
dx
+ bx + c)n~ 112
dx 1
14.298
f x(ax2 + bx + c)n+ 1/2 (2n- 1)c(ax2 + bx + c)n 1/2

+
c1 f dx
x(ax2 + bx + c)n 112 -
b
2c Jr (ax2 + bxdx+ c)n+ W~

INTEGRALS INVOLVING a;3 +as

Note that for formulas involving x 3 - a3 replace a by -a.

dx _l_ In (x + a)2 + _1_ tan-1 2x- a

14.299
f x3 + a3 6a2 x2 - ax + a 2 a2vf3 avf3

xdx 1 x2 - ax + a2 1 2x - a
+
14.300
f x3 + a3 -ln
6a (x + a) 2
-tan-1---
aY?, aVS

14.301
1
-ln (x3
3
+ a 3) 14.302 f x(x3d~ a3) = 3~3 ln ( x3 ~ a3)
1 1 x2 - ax + a2 1 2x - a
-ln - -- tan~ 1 ---
14.303 - a3x - 6a4 (x + a) 2 a4V3 aY?,

x 1 (x+a)2 + _2_ tan~t 2x- a

14.304 1
3a3(x3 + a3) + 9a5 n x2 - ax + a 2 3a5V3 a/3

x2 1 x2 - ax + a2 1 2x - a
14.305 -----,~----=c-+ --ln + --tan-l---
3a3(x3 + a3) 18a4 (x + a) 2 3a4V3 aVS

1
14.306

14.307

[See 14.300]
14.308

14.309
xm-2
- - - a3
m- 2
s xm~3 dx
x3 + a3
14.310
-1
a3(n _ 1)xn-1 -
1
;,t3
J dx
xn~3(x3 + a3)

4
INTEGRALS INVOLVING a;4 :!:.a,

2
dx _1_ n (x2 + ax..fi + a ) _ _1_ tan-! ax/2
14.311
S x4 + a4 4a3J2
1
x2 - ax..fi + a2 2a3v'2 X
2
- a
2

xdx
14.312
S x4 + a4
2
_1_ln (x2- ax/2 + a ) _ _1_ tan~t ax/2
14.313 2 2
4av'2 x2 + ax/2 + a 2 2av'2 X - a
1
14.314 4ln (x4 + a 4)
74 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

14.315
f 1 1 ( x4 )
4a4 n x4 + a4

14.316
f 1
- a4x
_1_ In
4a5v'2
(x2 +- ax..,l2 ++ a2) + 2asv'2 tan -1
x2 ax...f2 a2
1 axV?.
x2 - a2

1 x2
14.317
f 2-ci's tan--1

14.318 s x4
dx
a4
_!_In
4a3
(x- a) -
x +a
_1_ tan-1
2a 3
~
a

14.319 JX4a4xdx

14.320 f x4
2
x dx
a4

1
14.321
J 4ln (x 4 - a 4 )

14.322
J
14.323
f
14.324
J 1 +-I
-- 1n
2a4x2 4a6
(x2-+ a2)
---
x2 a2

14.326

14.327

14.328

14.329

xn- an)
14.330 nan I n
(
-xn
--

=
14.331
J xn-ldx
xn an
1
-In (x"- a")
n

14.332

14.333 J dx
xm(xn- an)r an
J dx
xm-n(xn- an)r - a"f
14.334
J x-../xn-an
= nVOi'
2 cos- 1 # -
xn
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 75

1 ~ . (2k 1)pr. (x + a cos [(2k- 1)n-/2m])

14.335 ..:;. sm tan-t
ma 2 m~p k=l 2m a sin [(2k -1)n-/2m]

1
2ma2m-v
i
k= 1
cos (2k
2m
1)P7T In (x2 ' 2ax cos (2k- 1 )7T
' 2m
+ a2)
where 0 < p 2 21n.

1
_ __:.__ kp7T
:::£ cos --In ( x2
m-l k1r + ")
14.336 = 2ma2m-v k=l m
2ax cos-
m
a~

1 m.;t . kp1rt
ma 2m 1l k~l sm m an
_1 (x acos(k1r/m))
a sin (kr./m)

+
where 0 <p 2 2m.

xP·l dx
14.337
f
• ;2m:+1 + a2m+t
2(-l)P-1 ~ . 2kp7T (x + aco.s[2krr/(2m+1)])
= (2m+ 1)a2 m-p+lk=l 2m+ 1
.,;;;
s t n - - - tan-1
a sin [2k7T/(2nt + 1)]

2k7T
(-1)P-1
-__:.'--''-'---.....-,- m
:::£ - - I n ( x 2 + 2ax cos 2m + 1 +
cos -2kp7T
(2m+ 1)a2m-p+lk= 1 2m+ 1
(-1)P-1 ln (x +a)
+ (2m+ 1)a2m p+ 1
where 0 < p 2 2m+ 1.

+ 1 ::£ 2k
m cos _1!!!_
In ( x2
2hr +
2ax cos m+
2 1
aZ)
(2m+1)a2m P+lk=l 2m+1
+ In (x- a)
(2m+ 1)a2m p+l
where 0 < p 2 2m+ 1.

tN1E~IJALS INVOJ.VING sill ax

14.339 j' sin ax dx = -cos

- ax
a
-

14.340 j' x sin ax dx = sin ax ~-

x cos ax
a

14.341 J x2 sin ax dx :; sin ax + ( ~ : ) cos ax

14.342 J x3 sin ax dx axz - _Q_) sin ax + ( 6x -

( a2 a"' a3 a
xa) cos ax
14.343 f si:ax dx
(ax)3
ax - 3 • 3!
(ax)5
+ 5 • 5! - · · ·

14.344
f ax dx _ sin ax + a
X
f cos ax dx
X
[see 14.373]

14.345 f d:t'
sin ax
1
-In (esc ax - cot ax)
a
= -a1 In tan -ax2
)+ 3 7( )5 2(22n-1 1)Bn(ax)2n+1
dx 1 ( x +
14.346
f ax a2 { ax
,a
'18 1800
ax++
··· (2n + 1)!

14.347 f sin2 ax dx
76 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

14.348 f sin2 ax dx

14.349 f sin3 ax dx
cos ax
a+~
cos3 ax

14.350 .f sin4 ax dx
3x
8
sin 2ax
4a
+ sin 4ax
32a
• dx
14.351 J sin2 a:r
_1_ cot ax
a

14.352
J + _!._
2a
ln tan

14.353 f sin px sin qx dx

sin (p q)x
2(p-q)
sin (p _;_ q)x
2(p+q)
[If p = ±q, see 14.368.]

14.354 J::--=-- -1 t an
a
(11'- +ax\
-}
4 2 /

14.355 J -,---'--:...:.:_-a_x ~tan

a 4 2 a2
· (11'
(E.'+ ax) + - 2 1llSlll - -ax)
4
-
2

14.356 J -----=------ 1
-tan
a
(11'-
4

14.357 f
•
xdx
1 +sin ax
- ~a tan (!!..4 - ax)
2 a2
1

+ _g_ In sin ( E.' + ax)

4 2

14.358
J _!_tan(!!_+
2a 4
ax)
2
+ _!_
6a
tan3 (E.'+ ax)
4 2

14.359
J -in tan ( ~- ~x)- fa tan3 ( ~ _ ax) 2

2 tan-1 +q
w.)p2 _ q2
14.360 Jp (p ..;qz=p2)
If p ±q see 14.354 and 14.356.
1 ay q2 -
1
P2 In
tan .J,ax
p tan
+q-
.iax -+- q -+- Vq2 - p2

J4.361 J :---....:.;_-~ + __P _ f

p2 q2 p +q
dx
sin ax
If p = ±q see 14.358 and 14.359.

14.362
2 2
r 1 tan _ 1 __,_V--=-P__-___:cq__ta_n_a_x

apyp2-q2 P
14.363
J {
1
In
2apyq2- p2

14.364 j' xm sin ax dx

14.365 f sin ax dx
xn ..,--~,..----::-
+ n -
f cos ax dx
xn- 1
[see 14.395]

14.366 .f sin11 ax dx
sin11 - 1
ax cos ax
an
+ n- 1
n
J sinn- 2 ax dx

+ n-
14.367
f n-

14.368
•
f xdx
sin11 ax a(n
-x cos ax
1) sinn 1 ax
~--~~~1~~--~- +
a2(n l)(n- 2) sinn 2 ax n - J xdx
sinn- 2 ax
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 77

14.369 J cos ax dx
sin ax
a

14.370 J x cos ax dx
cos ax
+
x sin ax
a

14.371 J' x2 cos ax dx -2x cos ax + (x2

a2
- - ·-
a a3
2) sin ax

14.372 j' x3 cos ax dx -3x2- - 6 ) cos ax +

( a2 a4
(x3- - -
a
6x) sin ax
a3

14.373 fco:ax dx

14.374 f cos ax dx
x2
- cos
-- ax- a
X
f sin
- -ax
X
ax, [See 14.343]

('IT4 +2
14.375
f cosax
1
-;;,In (sec ax + tan ax) 1
~In tan ax)

En(ax)2n+2 }'
14.376
f cosax
1 {(ax)2
a2 -2- + -8- +
(ax)4 5(ax)6
144 + + (2n + 2)(2n)! + · · ·

14.377 J cos2ax dx =::

2
+ sin 2ax
4a

x2 2ax cos 2ax

14.378 f x cos2ax dx ~ + ~~~~ + ~

14.379 J cos3ax dx
sin ax
a
sin 3 ax
3a

14.380 f cos4 ax dx
3x + sin2ax + sin4ax
8 4a 32a

14.381 f dx
cos2 ax
tan ax
a

14.382 f dx
cos3 ax
sin ax
2a cos2 ax
+ J_
2a
In tan (.!. + ~)
4 2

14.383 J cos ax cos px dx =

sin (a
2(a
p)x + sin (a+ p)x
p) 2(a+ p)
[If a = ±p, see 14.377.]

14.384 f dx
1- cos ax
-.!.cot ax
a 2

14.385
f1 xdx
cos ax
-!:cot ax
a 2
+ _! ln sin ax
a2 2

14.386 f dx
1 + cosax
!
a
tan ax
2

14.387 J xdx
1 +cos ax a
2
!: tan ax + ~In cos
2
ax
2

14.388 •
r dx
(1 - cos ax) 2
1
2a
ax
2
1
6a
ax
- - c o t - - -cot3-
2

14.389 J dx
(1 + cosax) 2 2a
1 ax
- t a n - + J_ tan3 ax
2 6a 2
 -
78 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

~ tan-1 V(P- q)/(p + q) tan .;.ax

l =
avp2- q2
dx [If p ±q see
14.390
f +
a~ In (tan l•• _
p q cos ax 14.384 and 14.386.]
1 tan tax + V(q + p)/(q- p)
;i(q+p)/(q- p))

14.391
f (p
dx
+ q cos ax)2
= q sin ax P
a(q2- p2)(p + q cos ax) - q2- p2
J+ p
dx
q cos ax
[If p = ±q see
14.388 and 14.ll89.]

=
14.392
f p2
dx
+ q2 cos2 ax apyp2 + q2
1 tan-! p tan ax
..jp2 + q2

1 tan-l P tan ax
apyp2- q2 yp2 _ q2
14.393
f yq2 -p2
2ap~ n (ptanax+~)
1 I ptanax
{

14.394 f xm cos ax dx
xm sinax
a + ---;;y;-
mxm- 1 cos ax - m(m-1)J
a2 xm- 2 cos ax d x

14.395 s~dx
xn
cos ax
(n -1)xn-t
a
--
n-1
J sin ax d
--X
xn-t [See 14.365]

14.396 J cos" ax dx = sin ax cosn-1 ax

an
+-
n--
n
1J c0s ,_ 2 ax d x

14.397 J dx
cos" ax = sin ax
a(n- 1) cosn-1 ax
+ n- 2
n 1
J dx
cosn-2 ax

14.398 J xdx
cosn ax
x sin ax
a(n- 1) cosn-1 ax
1
a2(n- l)(n- 2) cos" 2 ax
+~
n- 1
J xdx
cosn-2 ax

14.399 J sin ax cos ax dx

sin2 ax
~

14.400 J sin px cos qx dx =

cos (p + q)x
2(p+ q)

14.401 J sin" ax cos ax dx ::::::

sinn+tax
(n + l)a
[If n = -1, see 14.440.]

14.402 J cos" ax sin ax dx

cosn+l ax
(n + 1)a
[If n = -1, see 14.429.]

14.403 J sin2 ax cos2 ax dx

x
8-~
sin 4ax

14.404 s dx
sin ax cos ax
::: .!In tan ax
a

14.405 s dx
sin2 ax cos ax
-1 ln tan (~
a
-
4
+ -ax)
2
- .1
a smax

14.406 J dx
sin ax cosz ax
::::; !
a
In tan ax
2
+ 1
a cos ax

14.407 J dx
sin2 ax cos2 ax
=
2 cot 2ax
a
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 79

14.408
f sin2 ax dx
cos ax
sin ax
a
1
+-In
a
tan (ax
-+-
2 4
rr)
2
c~s ax dx = + lrn tan ax
14.409
f smax
cos ax
a a 2

1 + _!_ In tan (ax + :'!:)

2a(1 ± sin ax) 2a 2 4

dx , 1 I t
14.411
f sin a.x(1 ± cos ax)
ax
-:- 2a n an 2

dx (ax rr)
14.412
f sin ax ± cos ax a..J2
1
ln tan 2 ± 8

14.413 ~ + ;a ln (sin ax ± cos ax)

14.414 + ;a ln (sin ax ± cos ax)

1
14.415
aq
In (p + q cos ax)

cos ax dx
14.416
f p + q sin ax __!_In (p
aq
+q sin ax)

sin ax dx
14.417
f (p + q cos ax)n aq(n 1)(p +
1
q cos ax)n-1

cos ax dx
14.418
f (p + q sin ax)n aq(n 1)(p
-1
+ q sin ax)n 1

_ _1__ ln tan (ax+ tan-1 (q/p))

avr+ q 2 2

2 tan ~ 1 (p + (r- q) tan (ax/2))

Vr2-p2-q2

{ 1 (P- yp2 + q2- r2 + (r- q) tan (ax/2))

aV p2 ..1- q2 _ r2 ln p + y p2 + q2- r2 + (r- q) tan (ax/2)

If r =q see 14.421. If r 2 = p2 + q2 see 14.422.

14.421
f dx
p sin ax -+- q(1 -+- cos ax)

dx =
14.422
f p sin ax + q cos ax ±
-1
a..Jp2+ q2
tan(:'!:+ ax+ tan-! (q/p))
4 2

14.423 _1_tan-l (ptanax)

apq q

14.424 1 1 ( tan ax - p q)
2a,pq n p tan ax + q

sinm-laxcosn+lax
==----;-~'-;----
a(m+ n)
m
+- --
m +n
1f sinm-2 ax cosn ax dx

14.425 f sinm ax cosn ax dx

{ sinm+l ax cosn-1 ax
, n-
m n f sinm ax cosn-ll ax dx
a(m+n)
80 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

sinm-l ax
a(n- 1) cos" 1 ax
m
-
n -
1
1
f sinm- 2 ax
cosn-2 ax dx

cosm-1 ax m- 1
----,-____:::.:::,::.-:--=7---- - - -
a(n 1) sin" 1 ax n 1
f cosm-Zax
.
smn-2 ax
dx

- cosm + 1 ax _ m n + 2 f cosm ax dx
14.427
f c?sm ax dx
stnnax a(n 1) sin" 1 ax
cosm-t ax
n 1
- f
sinn 2 ax
cosm- 2 ax
----,-~~~~~-
a(m- n) sin" 1 ax
+ m - n
.
smn ax
dx

14.428
f dx
sinm ax cos" ax {•I•
a(m

l"t.E"ItAU INVQ:LVING. tan.az

14.429 J tan ax dx
1
--In cos ax
a
1
-In sec ax
a

14.430 J tan2ax dx
tan-
-
a
ax- x

14.431 J tans ax dw =
1
tan2 ax +-In
a
cos ax

14.432 J tan" ax sec2 aw dx

tann+t ax
(n+ 1)a

= a1 ln tan ax
14.433
f sec2ax dx
tan ax

dx
= -1a 1ns1n
.
14.434
f - nax
ta ax

14.435 J x tan ax dx +
22"(22" l)Bn(ax)2n+ 1
(2n+ 1)! + ···
}

+ (ax)3 + 2(ax)5 + ... + 22"(22"- 1)B,.(ax)2n-1 + ...

14.436 ax 9 75 (2n- 1)(2n)!

14.437 f x tan2ax dx
x tan ax
a
1
+ a2lncosax -
x2
2

P
/+x 2
q
+ ap
( 2 ~ q)2 In (q sin ax + p cos ax)

14.439 f tann ax dx
tann-lax -
=::__--=.::.
(n-1)a
f tann-2 ax dx
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 81

14.440 f cot ax dx = .!a In sin ax

14.441 f cot2 ax dx = cot ax

a
X

14.442 J cot3 ax dx :::::

2
- cot ax - .!. In sin ax
2a a

ax
14.443
f cot" ax csc2 ax dx = - cotn+l
(n + )a
1

csc2 ax dx
14.444
f cot ax
= _.!.In cot ax
a

dx
14.445
f cotax = -.!.In cos ax
a

1{ ( )3 ... _ 22"B,.(ax)2n+l _ .. ·}
14.446
f x cot ax dx =
( )5
a2 ax - a9x - a2x25 -
(2n + 1)!

_...!._ _ ax _ (ax)3 _ 22nBn(ax)2n-l

14.447
ax 3 135 (2n- 1)(2n)!

14.448 f x cot2 ax dx x cot ax

a
+ \
a
In sin ax

dx
14.449
f p + q cot ax r2
~ p+x qZ - (
a P2 + q2)
q In (p sin ax + q cos ax)

14.450
f cotn ax dx = - cotn-lax -
(n -1)a
f cotn-2 ax dx

14.451 J sec ax dx = 1
- In (sec ax
a
+ tan ax) = 1
-In
a
tan (ax
-
2
+-~)
4

14.452 J sec2ax dx
tan ax
a

14.453 J sec3 ax dx
sec ax tan ax
2a
+ 1
2
a In (sec ax + tan ax)

14.454 J sec" ax tan ax dx

seen ax
na

14.455 f~ sec ax
= sin ax
a

- ..!_ {(ax)2 + (ax)4 + 5(ax)6 + ... + E,.(ax)2n+2

14.456
f x sec ax d x - a2 2 8 144 (2n + 2)(2n)! +

+ + 61(ax) 6 + E (ax)2"
secaxd _ (ax)2 5(ax)4 +
14.457
f --X-
X
In x + 4 96 4320
n
2n(2n)! + ···

14.458 f x sec2 ax dx :!! tan ax

a
+ a2
1
In cos ax
82 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

dx pf p + qdxcos ax
14.459
f q +p sec ax q

14.460 J sec" ax dx sec"- 2 axtanax+n-2f

a(n _ l) n _ sec
n-Z d
ax x

14.461 J esc ax dx
1
-In (esc ax- cot ax)
a
1 ax
-In tan-
a 2

14.462 J csc2ax dx
cot ax
a

14.463 J esc& ax dx esc ax cot ax

2a
+ _!_ In tan ax
2a 2

14.464 J esc" ax cot ax dx

na

= -~
14.465
f __E::_
esc ax a

_ 1 {~ (ax)3 7(ax)5 2(2 2"- 1 -1)B,(ax)2n+t }

14.466
f x esc a:r dx - az ax + 18 + 1800 + .. · +
(2n + 1)!
+ .. ·

esc ax dx = _ _!_ + ax + 7(ax)3 + ... + 2 1

_2(_2_"_-,..,._ _
1),_,.B_,.",_<a..,.x_)z_n_-_l
14.467
f x ax 6 1080 (2n 1)(2n)! + ···

14.468 J x csc2 ax dx - x cot ax

a
+ ..!_2 In sin ax
a

x
q
pf
q p +q
dx
sin ax
[See 14.360]

14.470 J esc" ax dx
cscn-2 ax cot ax
a(n- 1) + n =J 2
cscn-2 ax dx

14.471 J sin-1 ~dx = x sin-1 _::

a
+ yaz- x2

14.472 J x sin-1 ~ dx (x22-4a2) sm-1;

. x +

14.473 j' x2 sin-1 ~ dx x3 . x

-sm- 1 - +
3 a

14.474 J sin-~ (x/a) dx ~

a
+ (x/a)3
2•3•3
+ 1 • 3(x/a)5
2•4•5•5
1 • 3 • 5(x/a)7
+ 2•4•6•7•7 +

14.475 J sin-~;x/a) dx -
sin-1(x/a) 1
--In
(a+ya 2-x2)
X a X

14.476 J (sin-t ;y dx = x (sin -1 ; y- 2x + 2ya2- x2 sin -1 ~

 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 83

14.477 J cos-1 ~ dx

x~
14.478
J x cos- 1 !!: dx
a
x2- a2) cos-1:!:-
( 2 4 a 4

14.479 J x 2 cos- 1 ~ dx
(x 2_
-x3 cos - 1 -X - _:____
3 a
+_
2a2) Va2-
__:__.:___
9
x2
__

14.480 r
•
cos-1 (x/a) dx
X
[See 14.474]

14.481 J cos-~ (x/a) dx

2 _ cos-1 (x/a) +_!In
X a
(a+~)
X

14.482 J (cos- 1 ~y dx 2x - 2Va 2 - x 2 cos-1:!:_

a

14.483 J tan-1 ~ dx == x tan-! '£ -

a
11:
2
In (x2 + a2)

14.484 f x tan-! ~dx .l_(x2 + a2) tan -1 :£ - ax

2 a 2

14.485 j' x2 tan-1 ~ dx x3 x ax 2 a3

- tan- 1 - - e - + -In (x 2 + a 2)
3 a 6

14.486 f tan-~ (x/a) dx ~

a
_ (x/a)3 + (x/a)5 _ (x/a)7 +
32 52 72

14.487 f
•
tan- 1 (x/a) d
X
2 X - -1 tan- 1 -
x
x --
a
1 In ( -
2a
x2 -
+ -
x2
a2)

14.488 f cot-!~ == dx xcot-1'£ + ~In(x2+a2)

a 2

14.489 f xcot- ~dx 1 l(x2 + a2) cot- 1 .'£ + ax

2 a 2

14.490 J' x2 cot- 1 ; dx

14.491 f cot-~(x/a) dx [See 14.486]

14.492 f cot-~ (x/a) dx

2 _ cot-1 (x/a) + _l_ In (x + a 2)
x 2a
2

x2

X
a In (x + y x2- a2) 0 < sec- 1 ~ < ~
14.493 J sec-1 ~ dx
x sec-1:
{ x sec- 1 - + a In (x + y x2- a2) 7T
- < 1
sec- '£
a
<
2

r,
7T
a 2 a

ayx 2 - a 2 sec- 1 _::.

7T
- sec- 1 - 0 < <-2
14.494 J x sec-1 ~ dx
2
x2 x
a
a...Jxz- a2
2
7T
a

- sec-1- + -
2 < sec-1!!:
a
< 7T
2 a 2

x3 x 7T
3 sec-!~- 0 < sec- 1 :£ < -
a 2
14.495
x3 x <
{
- sec- 1 - +
3 a
"2 <
- sec- 1 _::.
a
'IT
84 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

+
~lnx +; (a/x)3
2•3•3
1 • 3(a/x)5
2•4•5•5
1 • 3 • 5(a/x)1
+ 2•4•6•7•7 +

{- X

sec - 1 (x/a)
X
+ ax

ax
0

'!.
2
< sec- 1 ~a <::.2

< sec-1 ~
a <'IT

a ln (x + Vx2- a2) 0 < csc-1 ~a <::.2

14.498 J csc-1 ~ dx { "'"_,: +
x csc- 1 a ln (x + Vx2 - a2 ) '!. < csc-1 ~ < 0
2 a

r
a

avx2-a2
-csc···· 1 - + 0 < csc-1::a <!':..2
14.499 J x esc I~ dx
2
x2 x
a
X
2
rr
csc- 1 x
- csc- 1 < 0
2 a 2< a

0 < csc-1 ~ <!.

14.500 J 2
x csc-1: dx
< csc- 1 ~
a

<
2

0
a

14.502
•
f csc-12(x/a) dx
X
t <.o-~(x/a)
__ csc-1 (x/a) + vxz- a2
ax

_!:
0< csc-1 x
a

< csc- 1 ~ < 0

a
< ::.
2

X ax 2

14.503 J' xm sin --1 ~ dx m

m+1
_x_
+1
1-
x - --
_ sin- 1 -
a m +1
f xm+l
ya2 - x2
dx

14.504 J xm cos-1: dx
m+
cos- 1 ~
a
+

14.505 f xm tan-1: dx

14.506 f xm cot-1 ~ dx = m
xm+1 cot-1 ~
+1 a
+ m
f x2
xm+1
+ a2 dx

xmdx
{ zmH MC' (x/a)
- m:1J 0 < sec- 1 ~a <::.2
m+1
14.507 J' xm sec-1 ~ dx
xm+1 sec-1 (x/a) f ::.< sec-1 ~ <
+ -a - xmdx
a
7r
m+ 1 m + 1 -.{x2- a2 2

f ~ dx
{ xm" ,.,-' (x/a) +
m+ 1 m f 0 < csc-1 x
a
<!.
2
14.508
•
xm csc-1
a xm-t 1 esc -1 (x/a)
m+ 1 m
f xmdx
yxZ-a2
::. <
2
csc- 1 x
a
<O
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 85

14.509 f eax dx
a

14.510 J xeax dx e:x(x-~)

14.511 J x 2eax dx -eax( x 2 -2x- + -

a a a2
2)
14.512 J xneax dx = a
e'""
a
(x" _ nxn-1
a
+ n(n 1)xn-2 _ •.. (-1)nn!)
a2 an
if n = positive integer

14.513 Je: dx In x + 1a•x1! + (ax)2

2•2!
+ (ax)3 +
3•3!

14.514 J x" dx
-eax
-:-----::7---:-
(n-1)x" t
+- a
-
n -1
f -- eax
xn-1
dx

dx 1
14.515
f p + qeax -
X
- - -
P ap
In (p + qeax)

dx ~+
14.516
f (p + qeax)2 r ap(p +1 qeax) -
11 (
ap2 n p
+ qeax)

dx
14.517
f peax + qe ax

14.518 J eax sin bx dx

eax(a sin bx b cos bx)
a2 + b2

l4.5l9 J eax cos bx dx

eax(a cos bx + b sin bx)
a2 + bZ

14.520 J xeax sin bx dx

xe=(a sin bx - b cos bx)
a2 + b2
eax{(a2- b2) sin bx- 2ab cos bx}
(a2+ b2)2

14.521 J xeax cos b:x: dx

xea:J'(a cos bx + b sin bx)
a2 + b2
eax{(a2- b2) cos bx + 2ab sin bx}
(a2 + b2)2

14.522 J eax Inz d:x: = eax lnx

a
-! Jeax
a x
dx

14.523 J eax sin" bx dx

e= sinn-1 bx , •
a 2 + n 2 b2 (a sm b:x: - nb cos b:x:) + n(n -l)b2
a 2 + n 2b 2
fe ax • n-2
sm bx dx

14.524 J eax cos" bx dx

e= cosn-1 bx
az + nZbZ (a cos b:x: + nb sin bx) + n(n 1)b2
a2 + nZbZ
J 2
eax cos"- bx dx
86 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

" """'

. IWTBQtS,INiVOI:VING htz

14.525 J In x dx = x In x - x

14.526 J x ln x dx = ~
2
(ln x- ~)

14.527 f xm lnx dx = ;m;~ (lnx- m ~ 1) [If m = -1 see 14.528.]

14.528 JI:x dx ! In2x

2

14.529 J lnx dx
x2 X
1
X

14.530 J ln2x dx x ln2x 2x In x + 2x

14.531 fIn"; dx [If n -1 see 14.532.]

14.532 J X
dx
X
= In (In x)

dx Jn2x Jn3x
14.533
f In x = In {ln x) + In x + 2 • 2! + 3 • 3! +

= + (m + 1) In x + (m + 1)2 ln2 x + (m + 1)3 In3 x + ...

14.534
f xm dx
In x
In (In x)
2 • 2! 3 • 3!

14.535 f ln"x dx = x ln"x - n f Inn-1 x dx

14.536 m
If m = -1 see 14.531.

14.537 J In (x2 + a2) dx x In (x2 + a2) 2x + 2a tan-1 ~

a

14.538 J In (x2 - a2) dx x In (x2- a2) - 2x + x -

a In ( -
x-a
+a)
14.539 f xm In (x2 ± a2) dx
xm+l In (x2 ± a2)
m +1
-m-+j
1
-x2d
2
± a2x
"" xm+2

INTEGR~U t.NYOLYINO•sinh aa~

14.540
f . smh ax dx = --a-
coshax

14.541 J x sinh ax dx
x cosh ax
a
sinh ax
~

14.542 J x 2 sinh ax dx ( a + ;a2) cosh ax -

xz 2x .
a2 smh ax
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 87

14.543 f sin~ ax dx ax + (ax)3

3. 3! + (ax) 5
5. 5!
+ ...

14.544 f sinh ax dx
x2
_sinh ax
X
+ a
J
f -cosh-ax- d x
X
[See 14.565]

14.545 f dx
sinh ax
;z1 In tanh 2ax

xdx
14.546
f sinhax = + ···}

14.547 J sinh2 ax dx sinh ax cosh ax

2a
x
2

14.548 J x sinh2 ax dx
x sinh 2ax
4a
cosh 2ax
8a 2
x2
4

14.549 f dx
sinh2 ax
_ coth ax
a

14.550 J sinh ax sinh px dx

sinh (a+ p)x
2(a + p)
sinh (a- p)x
2(a p)
For a ±p see 14.547.

14.551 j' sinh ax sin px dx a cosh ax sin px -

a2 + p2
p sinh ax cos px

14.552 j' sinh ax cos px dx a cosh ax cos px

a2
+
+ p2
p sinh ax sin px

14.553 1 (qeax+p ~)
fp ax ay p2 + q2 In qeax + p + yp2 + q2
= + __P _ f
14.554
J -q cosh ax
a(p 2 + q2)(p + q sinh ax) p 2 -+- q 2 p
dx
+ q sinh ax

J~tan-1 p
tanh ax
dx
14.555
J p2 + q2 sinh2 ax
I 1 l
l2apyp2- q2 n

14.556 j' ~p-2_ _:zd=x:_._h_2_

qsm'ax
1
1
2apyp2 + q2 n
(p + Vii2+(1i
pyp2 +
tanh ax)
q 2 tanh ax

14.557 j' xm sinh ax dx = xm cosh ax - ~

a a
J xm-1 cosh ax dx [See 14.585]

14.558 j' sinh 71 ax dx

sinhn-l ax cosh ax
an
n
n
.f sinhn-2 ax dx

14.559
J sinh ax dx
xn
=
(n
sinh ax
1)xn-1
+n-a -1 f cosh ax d
---X
xn~l
[See 14.587]

14.560 f dx
sinhn ax a(n
cosh ax
1) sinh71 1 ax -
n 2
n - 1
f dx
sinhn-2 ax

14.561 J xdx
sinhn ax a(n
x cosh ax
1) sinhn- 1 ax a 2{n
1
2) sinhn 2 ax
n
- nl
2 J xdx
sinhn-2 ax
88 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

INTEGltALS INVOLVING eosb a,a;

14.562 J cosh ax dx =
sinh ax
a

14.563 J x cosh ax dx = X
a
ax

14.564 J x2 cosh ax dx
2x cosh ax
a2 + (x2a+ aa2) sinh ax
14.565 J cos: ax dx ln x +
2.(ax)2! + 4•4!
2 (ax)4 + (ax)6
6•6!
+

14.566
J cosh ax dx
x2
[See 14.543]

dx -2
14.567
f cosh ax a
tan~l

{(ax)2 - (ax)4
eax

+ 5(ax)6 + (-1)nEn(ax)2n+2 + ... }

xdx ___!__
14.568
f cosh ax a2 2 8 144 ··· + (2n + 2)(2n)!

14.569 J cosh2 ax dx = .::_2 + sinh ax cosh ax

2a
x2 x sinh2ax cosh2ax
14.570
J x cosh 2 ax dx = -
4
+ -'---,-;;;........::..:c:
4a 8a2

= ~
14.571
f dx
cosh2ax a

14.572 J cosh ax cosh px dx = sinh (a p)x + sinh (a+ p)x

2(a p) 2(a + p)

14.573 J cosh ax sin px dx

a sinh ax sin px - p cosh ax cos px
a2 + p2

14.574 J cosh ax cos px dx = a sinh ax cos px

a2
+ p cosh ax sin px
+r
dx = .! tanh ax
14.575
J cosh ax+ 1 a 2
dx = __! coth ax
14.576
S cosh ax 1 a 2

14.577 J xdx
cosh ax+ 1
== .::_tanh ax
a 2
2
a2
ax
-lncosh-
2

14.578 f xdx
cosh ax- 1
-~coth ax+ ~lnsinh ax
a 2 a2 2

14.579 J dx
(cosh ax + 1)2
== ___!__
2a
tanh ax - _!_ tanh3 ~
2 6a 2

14.580 J dx
(cosh ax - 1)2
= _!__ coth ax
2a 2
_!_ coth3 ax
6a 2

= {a'jq:-p2 tan~l j;~;

14.581 J p +
dx
q cosh ax 1 (qeax + p- ~)
ay r - q2 In qeax + P + Vp2 - q2
dx = q sinh ax P f dx
14.582
f (p + q cosh ax)2 a(q2- p2)(p + q cosh ax) - q2 - p2 p + q cosh ax
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 89

1 (P tanh ax+~)
2apyp2- q 2 In p tanh ax- yp2- q2
-1
{ -___..=,-- p tanh ax
tan- 1
apy q2 _ p2 y q2 _ p2
1 In (p tanh ax + Vp 2 + q2 )
2apy p2 + q2 p tanh ax - y p2 + q2
14.584
1
{ ----==tan- 1
p tanh ax
apy p2 + q2 y'p2 + q2

14.585 J xm cosh ax dx a ax - m
xm sinh af xm- 1 sinh ax dx [See 14.557]

14.586 J cosh"' ax dx

14.587 f cosh ax dx
x"
_a_
n 1
J sinh ax dx
xn- 1
[See 14.559]

14.588
.f
14.589 f
•
xdx
cosh" ax
x sinh ax
a(n-1)coshn-·1ax
+ 1
(n-1)(n-2)a2 cosh" 2ax
+ n
nl
2 f x dx
cosh" 2ax

14.590 .f sinh ax cosh ax dx

sinh2 ax
2a

14.591 J sinh px cosh qx dx

cosh (p + q)x + cosh (p- q)x
2(p+ q) 2(p- q)

14.592 J sinh" ax cosh ax dx = sinh"+ 1 ax

(n+ l)a
[If n = -1, see 14.615.]

14.593 .f cosh" ax sinh ax dx

cosh"+ 1 ax
(n + 1)a
[If n = -1, see 14.604.]

14.594 J sinh2 ax cosh2 ax dx

sinh4ax
32a
~
8

14.595 J dx
sinh ax cosh ax
! In tanh ax
a

dx
14.596
f ! tan-1 sinh ax
a a

14.597 J dx
sinh ax cosh2 ax
sech ax + ! ln tanh ax
a a 2

2 coth 2ax
a
sinh ax 1 _ • h
14.599
f sinh2ax dx
cosh ax
- - - - - tan 1 sm ax
a a
c~sh2ax dx !
14.600
f smhax
cosh ax +
a a
ln tanh ax
2

=
14.601
f dx
cosh ax (1 +sinh ax)
_!_In (1 +sinh ax) + !tan-1 eaz
2a cosh ax a
90 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

dx + 1
14.602
f sinh ax (cosh ax + 1)
_!__ In tanh ax
2a 2 2a(cosh ax + 1)
dx 1 ax 1
14.603
f sinh ax (cosh ax - 1)
- - ln tanh- -
2a 2
-=--:--~--..,.,.
2a(cosh ax - 1)

INTEGRALS INVOLVING tanh ax

14.604 J tanh ax dx = ~ ln cosh ax

14.605 f tanh2 ax dx x _ tanh ax

a

14.606 J tanh3 ax dx = 1 tanh2 ax

- ln cosh ax - =:.:.:..._-=:.:::.
a 2a

14.607 .f tanhn ax sech2 ax dx

tanhn+l ax
(n+ 1)a

14.608 f 2
sech ax dx
tanhax
!
a
ln tanh ax

14.609 f ta:: ax - ~ ln sinh ax

(-1)n-122n(22n- 1)Bn(ax)2n+ 1
= _!_ {(ax)3 - (ax)5 +
14.610
f x tanh ax dx
a2 3 15
2(ax)1 -
105 (2n+ 1)!

14.611 J x tanh2 ax dx
x tanh ax
a + 1
a 2 ln cosh ax

(-1)n-122n(22n- 1)Bn(ax)2n-1
14.612
ax _ (ax)3 + 2(ax)5 _
9 75 (2n- 1)(2n)! + .. ·

14.613
f p
dx
+ q tanh ax P2 r: q2 - a(p 2 :_ q2) ln (q sinh ax + p cosh ax)

14.614 f tanhn ax dx = tanhn-1 ax

-___:=;..::::..:....__..,..,...:::=. + f tanhn- 2 ax dx
a(n -1)

14.615 J cothax dx = !a ln sinh ax

14.616 J coth2ax dx
x _ cothax
a

14.617 J coth3 ax dx !
a
ln sinh ax - coth2 ax
2a

14.618 f cothn ax csch2 ax dx

cothn+l ax
(n+ 1)a

14.619 J csch2 ax dx
coth ax
- !_ ln coth ax
a

14.620
f dx
cothax =
.!. In cosh ax
a
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 91

14.621 f x cothax dx
1 {
a2 ax +
(ax)3 (ax)5
-9- - 225 + ···
(-1)n-122nBn(ax)2n+ 1
(2n + 1)! +

14.622 f x coth2 ax dx
x2
2
x coth ax
a
+ 1 I . h
a2 n sm ax

14.623

14.624 J+ p
dx
q coth ax - p2
px
- q2
( q 2 In (p sinh ax
a P2 - q)
+ q cosh ax)

14.625
f cothn ax dx = - cothn-1 ax
a(n-1)
+ f cothn-2 ax dx

14.626 J sech ax dx

14.627 f sech2 ax dx tanh ax

a

14.628 J secha ax dx sech ax tanh ax

2
a + 2
1
a tan -1 sinh ax

14.629 f sechn ax tanh ax dx - - sechn ax

na

=
f sech ax
14.630 ~ sinhax
a

14.631 J x sechax dx
___! {<ax)2 _ (ax)4
a2 2 8
+ 5(ax)6
144
+ (-1)nEn(ax)2n+2
(2n + 2)(2n)! + ··-}
14.632 J x sech2 ax dx
x tanh ax
a
1
- 2 Incosh ax
a

14.633 I _ (ax)2 + 5(ax)4 _ 61(ax)6 + ... (-1)nEn(ax)2n +

nx 4 96 4320 2n(2n)!

dx pf
14.634
f q + p sechax
_
- q- q
x
p
dx
+ q cosh ax (See 14.581]

14.635
f sechn ax dx = sechn-2 ax tanh ax
a(n- 1)
+ n - 2
n - 1
s se
chn-2 ax dx

14.636 f cschax dx .! In tanh ax

a 2

14.637 f csch2 ax dx = coth ax

a

14.638 J csch3 ax dx = csch ax coth ax _ _.!._ In tanh ax

2a 2a 2

14.639 f cschn ax coth ax dx = - cschn ax

na
92 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

dx 1
14.640
f csch ax a
cosh ax

14.641 J x cschax dx
l_{ax _ (ax)3 + 7(ax)5 + ... + 2(-1)n(2 2 n-l l)Bn(ax)2n+1 + ···}
a2 18 1800 (2n + 1)!

14.642 J x csch2 ax dx - x coth ax + ..!. In sinh ax

a a2
(-1)n2(22n-l 1)Bn(ax)2n-l
14.643 f esc~ ax dx ::::
_ _!_ _ ax + 7(ax)3 +
ax 6 1080 (2n 1)(2n)!
+ ...

14.644 fq ax
::::
~-~fp ax
[See 14.653]

14.645 J csch"ax dx
- cschn- 2 ax coth ax
a(n -1)
f cschn-2 ax dx

14.646 f sinh-1 ~ dx = x sinh-1 ~ -

a

14.647 J x sinh-1 ~ dx

14.648 f x2 sinh-1; dx

~ _ (x/a)3 + 1 • 3(xia)5 _ 1 • 3 • 6(x/a)1 + ... Jxl <a

a 2•3•3 2•4•5•5 2•4•6•7•7

14.649 f sinh-; (x/a) dx = ln2 (2x/a) _ (a/x) 2 + 1 • 3(a/x)4 _ 1 • 3 • 5(a/x)6 +

2 2•2•2 2•4•4•4 2•4•6•6•6
x>a

_;c:.:_;__;::.;.;c_:::..:_ + (a/x) 2 1 • 3(a/x)4 1• 3 • 5(a/x) 6 x <·-a

2·2·2 2•4•4•4 + 2·4•6•6•6

14.650 f sinh~~ (x/a) dx _ sinh-1 (x/a) _

X
!
a
In (a+~)
X

x cosh-1 (x/a) yx2- a2, cosh-1 (x/a) > 0

14.651 J cosh-1 ~ dx = { x cosh-1 (x/a) + yx2- a2, cosh- 1 (x/a) < 0

l•v' x'- •' , cosh- 1 (x/a) > 0

14.652 J x cosh-1 ~ dx =
{ i(2x' - a') oo•h-' (x/o) -
!(2x2- a2) cosh -1 (x/a) + -l;xv' x2- a2, cosh-1(x/a) < 0

{ !x' oo•h-' (x/o) !<•' +2a'>v'x'- •' , cosh-1 (x/a) > 0

14.653 f x2 cosh-1 ~ dx =
-
tx3 cosh- 1 (x/a) + !(x2 + 2a2) yx2- a2, cosh-1 (x/a) < 0

14.654
f cosh-; (x/a) dx = ± [!2 ln 2 ( 2 x/a) + (a/x)2 + 1 • 3(a/x)4 + 1 • 3 • 5(a/x)6 + ...
2•2•2 2•4•4•4 2•4•6•6•6
J
+ if cosh-1 (x/a) > 0, - if cosh-1 (x/a) <0
> 0,
cosh-1 (x/a) dx = _ cosh-1 (x/a) + ! In (a+~) if cosh-1 (x/a)
14.655
f x2
a
x a x + if cosh-1 (x/a) <OJ
X
= X
14.656
f tanh-1-
a
dx x tanh-1-
a
+ -In
2
(a2- x2)

14.657 J x tanh-1 ~ dx = -ax +

2
~(x2
~
x
a 2 ) tanh-1-
a

14.658 f x2 tanh-1 ~ dx -ax + -tanh-1-

6
2 x3
3
x
a
a3
+ -ln(a2-x2)
6
 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS 93

14.659 s tanh-: (x/a) dx :: + (x/a)3 + ix/a)5 + ...

a 32 52

14.660 stanh- 1 (x/a) dx tanh·1 1 ( x2 )

2 X x +2aln ~

14.661 f coth-1 adx

X x coth-1 x + !!: In (x2
2
a2)

14.662 f
•
x coth-1 x dx
a
a2) coth -1 x
a
14.663 J x2 coth-1 ~ dx ax 2
-
6
x3 x a3
+ -coth- 1 - + -ln(x 2 -a2)
3 a 6

14.664 scoth-; (x/a) dx

14.665 s coth-x~ (x/a) dx = _ coth-1 (x/a) + 1_ In (-x_2_ )

x 2a x2- a2

14.666 J sech-1 adx =

X
x sech-1 (x/a) + a
{ xsech-1(x/a)- asm-1(x/a),
s~n-1 (x/a), sech-1 (x/a) > 0
sech-1 (x/a) < 0

14.667 J x sech-1: dx
{ .J-x 2 sech -1 (x/a) -
!x2 sech -1 (x/a) + !aVaZ- xz,
la-/a2- xi
ll '
sech- 1 (x/a) > 0
sech-1 (x/a) < 0

(x/a) 2 1 • 3(x/a)4
{ -Jr In (a/x) In (4a/x) 2·2·2 2•4·4·4
sech-1 (x/a) > 0
14.668
J X
dx
·! In (a/x) In (4a/x) + i. x/a 2 4
: + 1 • 3(x/a) + sech -1 (x/a) < 0
2 2 2•4•4•4
14.669 f csch-1 adx
X x csch -'1 :: ± a sinh-1:!:.
a a
[+ if X > 0, - if X < OJ
14.670 J x csch- 1 : dx
x 2 csch- 1 -x
~
2 a.
± [+ if X > 0, - if X < OJ
l In (x/a) In (4a/x) + 1(x/a)2 - 1 • 3(x/a)4 + ... O<x<a
2 2·2·2 2•4•4•4
14.671 f csch-; (x/a) dx
2
(x/a)2
}.. In (-x/a) In (-x/4a) - - - + 1 • 3(x/a)4
2•2•2 2•4•4•4
-a< x < 0

!!-_ + (a/x)3 _ 1• 3(a/x)5 + ...

X 2•3•3 2•4•5•5 JxJ >a

14.672 f xm sinh-1 ~ dx = - - smh -a

xm+1 . - 1 X
m + 1
- --
m + 1
1 f yx2 xm+l
d
+ a2 x

xm + 1
m + 1
x
--cosh- 1 -
1
+
fy xm + 1
d cosh-1 (x/a) > 0
14.673 f x"' cosh- 1 ~ dx
xm+1
{ --cosh-
a

1 -x + -1-
m 1
f
x2 _

xm+l
a2 x

m + 1 a m + 1 Vx2 _ a2 dx cosh-1 (x/a) < 0

14.674 f xm tanh-1: dx
m+ f xm+1
---dx
a2- x2

14.675 f xm coth-1 ~ dx xm+1

- - coth- 1 -
m +1 a
x
- --
m
a
+1
f ---
xm+1
a2 - x2
dx

- + 1 sech- 1 -x
x"' - + f xm dx
sech-1 (x/a) > 0
14.676 f xm sech-1 ~ dx
m+l
xm + 1
{ --sech _ 1 x
-
a m

--
a s ~

rem dx
sech-l(x/a) < 0
m +1 a m +1 ya2 _ x2

14.677 f xm csch-1 ~ dx
m
xm+1
- - csch- 1 -
+1
x
a (+ if X> 0, if x <OJ