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)Teljesítményelektronikai
félvezetők.
Csoportosítás.
SCR, GTO, LTT, BJT, Power MOSFET, MCT,
IGBT, SITh
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Csoportosítás
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• RCT: Reverse Conducting Thyristor
• SCR: Silicon Controlled Rectifier=Thyristor
• LTT: Light Triggered Thyristor
• GTO: Gate Turn Off Thyristor
• MCT: MOS Controlled Thyristor
• SITh, SIT: Static Induction Thyristor
• BJT: Bipolar Junction Transistor
• IGBT: Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
• PIC: Peripheral Interface Controller
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Classification of Some of the Commonly
Used Semiconductor Switches
Example: diode
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Classification of Switches
Controllability (Semi-controlled)
Fully controlled: This switch has a control terminal. By giving appropriate signal through this,
both ON and OFF states can be achieved, e.g., bipolar junction transistor (BJT), field effect
transistor (BJT), field effect transistor (FET), metal oxide semiconductor FET (MOSFET),
insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), gate turn off thyristor (GTO) are fully controlled
switches in the I quadrant of i-v plane.
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Classification of Switches
Nature of Control Signal
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Classification of Switches
Direction of Conduction
Examples: diode, SCR, LASCR, BJT, MOSFET, IGBT, GTO, SITH, MCT (except TRIAC)
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SCR,
Silicon Controlled Rectifier
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Thyristor=SCR and LASCR
Static Characteristic
and circuit symbols
A Gate nyílirányban jobboldalon van a rajzjeleken:
majdnem függőleges
szaggatott vonal:vízszintes
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LTT
Light Triggered Thyristor
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Light Triggered Thyristor=
Fény vezérlésű tirisztorok=
(=LASCR: Light Activated Silicon
Controlled Rectifier)
Nagyfeszültségű, nagyteljesítményű megoldásokban, ahol a gyújtóegység a
tirisztorhoz villamosan szigetelő fénykábelen csatlakozik (vagy a tirisztor egy
ablakon át megvilágítható)
(másik elnevezése: LASCR: Light Activated Silicon Controlled Rectifier, már megbeszéltük)
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Triac
Static Characteristic and Circuit Symbol
(Már megbeszéltük előző héten a triacot.)
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GTO
Gate Turn Off Thyristor
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Gate Turned Off Thyristor
=Kikapcsolótirisztor
Pozitív vezérlőfeszültséggel bekapcsolhatók és negatív vezérlőfeszültséggel
kikapcsolhatók.
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GTO (Gate Turn Off Thyristor)
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Két GTO –ból álló modul
levezetődiódákkal
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Különleges alkatrészek
• Az alkatrészek(pl.bipoláris trzsz-ok,tirisztorok)
nagyteljesítményű változatai használatosak
– 1. diszkrét (egyedi)
– 2. modul (csoport)
– 3. array (azonos v. hasonló alkatrészek tömbje)
formákban
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Power Diode
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PTR(Power Transistor) és
IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar
Transistor): hasonló kapcsolások
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A PTR és az IGBT helyettesítő képe
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A PTR és az IGBT helyettesítő képe
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Az ASCR és a záróirányban vezető
tirisztor karakterisztikái hasonlóak
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BJT
Bipolar Junction Transistor
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BJT (Power Bipolar Junction Transistor)
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MCT
MOS Controlled Thyristor
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MCT (MOS Controlled Thyristor)
MCT combines the load characteristics of the thyristor with the control
characteristic of the MOSFET.
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IGBT
(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)
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IGBT
(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)
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Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
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Static Induction Thyristor (SITh)
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Static Induction Thyristor (SITh)
circuit symbol:
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Static Induction Thyristor (SITh)
The Static Induction Thyristor-also known as Field Controlled Thyristor (FCT)-
has anode (A), cathode (K), and gate (G). This device was first commercially
manufactured by Toyo Electric Company of Japan in 1988. It is a normally-ON
device which means that with zero voltage between gate and cathode, it is in the
ON state. However, a small gate voltage is usually used to improve ON state
performance. It is in many respects similar to GTO. But unlike GTO which requires
a negative gate current for turn off, SITh needs a reverse voltage applied to the gate
with respect to the cathode to turn it off. Once the SITh has been turned off,
the gate has to be maintained in reverse bias until it has to be turned on again.
Compared to other thyristor devices, the SITh is very fast switching and has
lower switching losses. Normally OFF SIThs are also being developed.
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Classification of Some of the Commonly
Used Semiconductor Switches
Revision
For example, in rectifiers and ac voltage controllers where the supply voltage is sinusoidal, SCRs
are used because, in these circuits, a conducting SCR turns OFF on its own when the supply
voltage polarity reverses without the use of any additional elaborate turn-OFF circuit.
In contrast, in inverters und choppers, where in the supply voltage is dc, fully·controlled
switches like IGBT, MOSFET etc. are used (instead of semi—controlled switches like SCR)
because, (unlike an SCR that requires an elaborate additional turn-off circuit, )they can be
turned OFF elegantly by giving an appropriate control signal.
It is the job of power electronics engineers to select the type of switch most suited to a
particular application. This requires an awareness of the merits and demerits of different types
of switches available in the market.
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