المفاهيم الأساسية لعلم المصطلحات الطبية الإنجليزية والعربية والتعريب للدكتورين نصر مصطفى خباز وأسامة ريس وتقديم أ. د. محمد هيثم الخياط

Basic Concepts
of English and Arabic Medical
Terminology and Arabization

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‫© جامعة الملك عبدالعزيز ‪١٤٣٢‬ھـ )‪٢٠١١‬م(‬
‫جميع حقوق الطبع محفوظة‪.‬‬
‫الطبعة األولى ‪١٤٣٢ :‬ھـ )‪٢٠١١‬م(‬
‫فھرسة مكتبة الملك فھد الوطنية أثناء النشر‬

‫خباز ‪ ،‬نصر مصطفى‬
‫المفاھيم األساسية لعلم المصطلحات الطبية اإلنجليزية والعربية‬
‫والتعريب‪ / .‬نصـر مصطفى خباز ؛ أسـامه محمد ريس ؛ محمد ھيثم الخياط ‪.‬‬
‫– جدة ‪١٤٣٢ ،‬ھـ‬
‫‪ ..‬ص ؛ ‪ ..‬سم‬
‫ردمك‪٩٧٨-٩٩٦٠-٠٦-٥٩٧-٧ :‬‬
‫‪ -١‬الطب ‪ -‬معاجم ‪ -٢‬الطب ‪ -‬مصطلحات أ‪ .‬ريس‪ ،‬أسامه محمد‬

‫)مؤلف مشارك( ب‪ .‬الخياط‪ ،‬محمد ھيثم )مؤلف مشارك( ج‪ .‬العنوان‬
‫‪١٤٣٢/١٠٠٩٤‬‬ ‫ديوي ‪٦١٠٫٣‬‬
‫رقم اإليداع‪١٤٣٢/١٠٠٩٤ :‬‬

‫ردمك‪٩٧٨-٩٩٦٠-٠٦-٥٩٧-٧ :‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬

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prefixed combining ) ,L &[ [!

L L
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L
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& .............................................
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Prefixed Combining # -I I

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.(synonym)
3 [L L
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‫
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Word Analysis

Word Analysis
:

:

/analysis/
.(dissolving)

+, - " : .#$ %& '( ) * $ : ! " ( ) :

) . .2 3 41 $ - :/0 1 :
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. 4 5
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46"7*
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.(analysis)

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1 (word analysis)

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:! 4 ! " " 0$ - . ; < " =

* ! (prefixes) *
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(roots) !
& '

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:@ 4. 8 " %" (affix) - ( )
<A (root) &' /9 ! ?

()
(

-
! =) 0 (stem) *+ (base) .+/
:

/phoneme/
(١)

/morpheme/

.(

)

: /morpheme/ "
#$ %& '()( * (!

)

٣

0
12 / .(
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2 1 (combining form)

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% 1

(morpheme)
:(connecting vowel 0 3 ( =) (combining vowel)
: &'

8 %
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[$ 1 ,*" B .] : *" 4
5

.{}$: * :C *"
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":( +D/@ +4 -6"7" 3 : - . " '. .(root) &'

(adverb) ] /unfriendly/ " /-ly/ /" /un-/ . 1 " 0 :

+[G
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1" ] /friend/ $ : *" '. [E 5 -8 $ F '& :#
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:# ,
1 ") /returning/ /-ing/ /" /re-/ . 1 " 0 : ":"ٕ

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.[(# *8 ;" ! 0) :# (verb)
0] /turn/ $ : *"
:D I '& -
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(basic part of a word) != 11J" 7*" . &'
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/turn/
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$ : * A0 (root) $ : * 3

N + 7 * .(stem) * +

) 0 L$ *
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< I
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$ /$ I / :#
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E:" (base) P1J"
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3 . ($ I $ I :# -$ "
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% (morpheme) [0$ % =] &0$ % !
O- = ,0$
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: 3 - 3

!
G 1 " : @ +(affix) DO- 67" . [<

0$" =] <

0$ % *
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/improbability/ B. % 0 /-ity/ /" . ! " ( $ F ) /improbable/
B . %
0 /-es/ /" . ! " /improbability/ G1 " :@ +( "/")
:( +(root) $ : *"
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1 " .(< ) /improbabilities/
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) /probable/ .1" @" !0 $ : *"
U,0$
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M O - $ M %
.(morpheme)
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[V ]

(!W .% ,0$%
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2 .(' & * % ) /unkind/ $ /un-/ @ (bound) (D"- ) D/ %

X'D /.
( 6
-> !@" D6"- 'D ) J" J & , 0$ %"
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0$ %
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-> :( + " & , 0$ % " 3 2
./el/ /cam/ : A

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) /cooperation/ 0 X$@ -" ,0$ % "
.< 0$ %
@/@
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O- .(syllable) 6

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./not/

0
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3
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O- )
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A ) /kind/ %0 :) I '( " ' $8M DO-& ! "

& * % " !% /unkind/ $% 0 .1" 0IZ. )I '(
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M " !0 /[ / $
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/3
A / !% /kind/ %0 :, 1"
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.(1)
8. ! " () F
7 " !0 "
2"-" 0IZ0 :!I" F " M ="
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%7 1 8 .(Tagalog)

(٢)

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5( 6 ,112 &

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: 3 - 3

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+(derivatives) "

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< "
M %"8 : @ ] Q %
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N "
=
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= =
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/cephalic/ " !0 ('( [
1 : ! ") -ic /" C 3 ? E:"
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1 :$ 1 $ )

1 N "
M 8 ! .(combining word) % 1
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? ! "
N "
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%" O- " " ,1" '& "- " " " 0$ %
{} %" O - " [ A" '& "- " "<1"
. RN " C * '& "- " "0 " 0$

" # %

:(morpheme) >
>- ! /0

> !
O -
% (morpheme)

$M
-
! % 0
B A
! %
!
4 " = D 'D 4 M
; , ":4. +<M " M !0 D0$ %
I
.J1 /e/ / ( . 5( :
$
/morphē/ 1(1 3 - /morph-/ $
F() ()

G
H
٤٩ (= )/ .(
.(

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1& .(! ( B 3

. : (E1E & : D
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: @ +D"- $ "9 D0$

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1 ) $M % '( ) 1
free ) 7- 7
! 8@ /P$8- / M - * R
7- % +/ 1 $8- /
O- "
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1;" !0 DO- ! ? A
)J (morpheme
, 4 E (bound morpheme) 7-
7
8 =" "" 0$%"
7- ! @
0$% O - 1 .$" !0 E = 1;" !0 DO- ! ? A
8 M "

/ +L$2 4* C 0$" '& 4* , 1" $ : " C *" '& "-

; +O - 0$ %
O-

=" " " O$ 0$ %

O- P$8-
": 4. 0$ % "
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$F - - " P "
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36 , ,
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\ % - -8 ! " G%" " <0
IY" 4-8N ! " 36" ! "
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G " " (prefixes) G ."1" !0 $ 4 (word forms) 4 . < "

.(infixes) 2" - " (suffixes)

: 16
$ ,1>
@/@ ?@ 0
!
=18" , 1> ->
- " < % !5 % $ % & O$ % !0 $ 4 : ! / = .5

:< " #: @ !0 L$ C A O - & C A

., . – . – 0
. – B
. – B. – [

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/
+ . " < " #: !0 $ " , " ' "

0 , 1 " T - - . $ @ - " < %
! " <0
$"
R
. 7" " -- +- - " R
P *" ,1;" --
M 8 2"-

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%" $ %" [ $ O$
%
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" -= . !0 : @
-$ "
$ C *" . 7 (vowels) <6" %
\ %

0
12 / .(
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,(,- +(!

!I" T$ I " . 7 " /foot-feet/ /man-men/ !0 7* +
"
$ 4 .$" !0 O$
R " P - *
./give-gave/ /come-came/ $

O$% 6"%
. 7 8 0$ %
<"- !0 @ A > - (! O$ % !0 < "
(, ◌ 9 0 ◌ 9 H) [ (◌ 9 , ◌ 9 0 ◌ 9 H) [
@ !0 " , 1;"
( ◌ 9 ,) / . - . * $ @ ! 0 C *"
* $ -$ "
. 7 "
., "
[ @ !0 " &" ,1" . 7
+ *" %" \ %" $ !0 @ :J
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D ; 6 E-̀N ! " 0$ %
! > "
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": - *
L$ . +(John saw Paul) . L$ * : > !0 7* Y" !0 [ $ " !0
.{}(Paul saw John) *
] [>

.(bound morpheme) > [0
,
0$ % > ! >- ! ] [V ]

,- 2 1 . +D 1 D ,- 2 1 ;
/ /3 $ " / @ + . D/ %

, 0$
%" % " %" ). .7* + $ /un-/ .$" !0 /&*"
, 0$
./boy/ @ +) 1 . D 8 CA 1 E:" $= "
)
M ] [>

free L> %" [0
> ! >-

! ] [V ]

" $- . , )( E +#"1 & /9 1 ) 1" ,0$% .(morpheme

@ +(bound morpheme) % " ,0$ % ./boy/ @ + > 1 "
" ) 3 .
./un-/
@ ' " 0
)
:{}-
#
)
@ ' " 0
@
! 0'
2

0
.{}'D E: . "
,/ $ % & $M % .(morpheme) [V ]

٥١ (= )/ .(
.(

(
1& .(! ( B 3

. : (E1E & : D
!
4 ; + M 0$ %

O- $ M %
.(morpheme) [V ]

.{}$ M % - '(
<"
< " 1 +'D <"
DM
% D :
M
O- .(morpheme) [V ]

% (/pray/ +/load/ +/child/ +/pin/ :@ ) [a free form] (D % ) DO$

$ /-hood/ +/pins/ $ /-s/ :@ ) [a bound form] (DO- ) D% DM
%

! +(/prayed/ $ /-ed/ +/unloader/ $ /-er/ /un-/ +/childhood/
3$ +allomorph 3$
> W $M
C $ % 'D <":
"D 7* E ;
.{}morph
+ M -= " " <"

- " O - E
W .(morpheme) [V ]

7* '( )1 ; + 'D ": D"7 * D 4 W 3
" 8N

./waited/ $ /-ed/ : @ +/write/ +/the/ : @ +$M
% 1
.{
}morph 3$ +allomorph 3$
C $ >
M
<": O - $M % .(morpheme) [>
>- !] [V ]
%
-/ /" /undo/ $ /un-/ .1" : @ ) DO- 6"7 -> : M !0 'D
: @ ) D11 (/doer/ $ /er
.{}(/undo/ $ /do/ "
.{}allomorph C*"$ .(morpheme alternant) 2

> !

!
: M
!
>
! 0 < 0$

2!!4:
"
#" 1 ). 3 .(allomorph)

$ M 8 >

/books/ $ /s/ D/@ +-" " , 0$ 4 T7 ) +' "
%" D "8 9

,0$ %
8 C *" I <0$ ! /buses/ $ /iz/ /doors/ $ /z/
.{}).
%
2
6. 3$

0
12 / .(
/ ٥٢
"

,(,- +(!

:(allomorph) 2! 4 -!
! :/
4

2 0$ %
D/-. !0 (morpheme) 0$ %
$ % " O- "
$ 4

" O - (phonetical alternative) D` %
$ /s/ " < : @ 0$ %
%
$ % A
=" /2 #- * +C *"
R/@ !0 G !0 $ 4 . , E:" 7* +
.) $ * "
< %" $= %" #: - -8 E:" (+z ~ z ~ s)
%" O - 'J" O$=%"
#: @ D1 4 D % < ":( /-s/ 0$
$*
./carts-cats-books/ 7* Y" < "
/-s/ 0$ %

" O- " * ":( /-z/ 0$%
<$
" O-
@" O$
%
= "

./beds-dogs-legs/ :< " #: @ !0 $D" 4* D %
!0 0$ %
" O- " * ":( /-+z/ 0$%
<$
" O-
@@" O$
%
= "

./foxes-dishes/ 9$ %
D %

7* Y" < " #: @

! "
0 ;" !0 .$" M =" !0 0$%" $=% 8@

+ & A
< %
%" - -8 0$ % O$
% $@ 4 - * R "
'
:! ? 4 $ * "

Y - 7 "* 0 " Y
, - A
%
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[
$ A
I" [
$ I "* 0 " [
$ I
37 ,
"* 0 " 3

%
0$ %
O$
%
: 2 " 0$ %
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.{}
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% $
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.(

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1& .(! ( B 3

. : (E1E & : D
!
:{}-
#
)
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)
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! 0' (allomorph) 2!
!
/ 2
! " 3 $" 3/

6 " 3
$ :,0$ % 8

@ .(allomorph) 2! ! :
) 1 ! 11J" E - &"
" $ % " 8@ 1 &* D"7 * 8

{}
. !I" 7" Q% / /-t/ /-ed/ : @ + M (,0$ %")
.{} ,0$ % W .(allomorph) 2!!:
$@ -. M
%
- ."
9> 1 O$$ "
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*
J" -
.(allomorph) 2!
!
:
.E 8 7 * Y"
C * " ,0$ %
3$

! ! " +/oxen/ $ /en/ : @ + ,0$ %

{
}
. morph C $ >
#- -8 [1. ,0$ %

O$8 M "
\ %" W .(allomorph) 2!
8 E !
:
.{}O$ * " "
<" %J" CI
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[,0] [ O - ] , %
3 $ "

.'D <": $ M %

<"- '(

)Z0 3 $
" - & .$@ -" C A )( +$@ -"
3$
" 8 . D @ $$ ;
. A
.#" 1 ; ) 1 , " ; G
.D"-$ * DI"$ 0" ) & - 7 ; E:" ,0$ %" & != " $. "
" ,/ " $% & : M =" $% & .(morph) 2!
8@ E:" .
$ .8
{}
. $@
-" ,0$ %
&
.$: *"
:root C*"$ .(root base) I &' .
M : L>&'
> +
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+ != %
J" [,
0$" %" .(base = root) .
] , 0$ > + : >&'
@ +DO-
$ : *"
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0$ % .- 6"7 $ F
DO-& $ : *"
./receive/ /perceive/ /deceive/ $ /ceive/

0
12 / .(
/
"

,(,- +(!
٥٤
+ " ) <

J" .(etymon = radical; root) &'
" E:" %
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[,0
$"] , 0$
%"
:(root) // &'

!0 0J" 1J" . ) & , E: " ! 11J" 7 *"
B A %
"
!
= %
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< " $ M " !0 (consonants) < " " 8 + M
!= @/=@" $ : *" 2 "
$ .

" 7 J" \ %"
8 . < " %" _. <
$ "
.!= 1 2" = "$: *" ) .$" !0 D; 1" $ : *"
!= &.$" $@
#: !0 $ 4 E:" .$ " =
!0 [ < != @/@" $ : *" : @
7* Y" M" ! 0 - * ": .[
+[ +[

:R/@ " $ %
= "
+$D" : * $ F
(T () /rhythm/ (-$ .) /cold/ ( * $ ) /man/
0 /house + hold/ ! !0 $ 2a =
$: *. % 8 ;" M " #: !0 $ : *
G
" .> $ : * D I +/< ."
/ :' . /household/ "

K
- +(O- $ .) /coldness/ ( * $ ) /manly/ : " ! 0 G ." 1

{}
. ( " %
") biochemistry = /chemistry/ + /bio-/ :@ M
:{}-
#
)
' " H
)
' " H
! 0' (root) &'
2

an ultimate ) .> $ F !W 6 4 E W M $
%
& .(root) &'
O$ . P ) !W 0$ %
$ I $
% & X(unanalysable element of language
a (not necessarily surviving) ] (O " - > ' & ." ! 0 $ 1

A " ) Q%
1 . < 8
(a base) D11 [morphological element
.{}$ 2a (modification) - A
1 . (-6"7" 0I( ) (affixation) O - 7"8
٥٥ (= )/ .(
.(

(
1& .(! ( B 3

. : (E1E & : D
!
the fundamental ) M % != 11J" $% " .(root) & '

% (affixes) - 6"7"
9 8 I
$ F +(element of a word or form
.{}(inflectional phonetic changes) $ % %" <"
"

$=M "

(paradigm) < $ % P1J" 8 (morpheme) ,0$% .(root) &'

" % (inflectional) $ %
$ . ! " /dance/ : @ +(derivational) >
" !0 $: *" $. ! " /ten-/ :@ +/dancer/ +/danced/ !0 $: *"

.{
}/to stretch/ :! E:" /tendere/ ! /"
3
$ :(basic part of a word) != 11J" 7*" .5 .(root) &'
- 6"7"
C * 7" ( - . K E: " != 11J" ' " =
: 7 *" + M "
: $%

.6 .L$ 2 'D <" & '( -. -5 '( ) ; E:" (affixes)
+!8 2 " M =" , & !0 :(original form of a word) %
$
J" M %"8
D/@ +
-
4 < " ! " - -* . $ "
%J" M %"
8
the ) - 6"7" 0 I( A 1 . (phonetic change) !5 % 1.
$ =M A
.{}radical DI ' 1 .(addition of affixes
:
)
' " H
@
)
' " H
@
! 0'

1 (base) . +
/ 2
% . (stem) G

) %

1 (root) $
: * .(base) .+:
.{}U@ (-6"7"
0I( ) O - 8 A
7" 1 .

) Q%
E:" $ %
"

." 1 )( 3
G I )( 3
I ,0$ %
E
= .(base) .+:
.{}(root) $
: * % (stem) G
1 XV( +G
"

0
12 / .(
/
"

,(,- +(!
٥٦
,0$ %
3
N +(complex word) . $
7 * .(base) .+:
" (affixes) - 6"7 ) ( 3
> I
+$ @ - " (morpheme)
+/unwanted/ $ /want/ : @ +(inflectional)
$ % (derivational)
.{
}(G1 ) stem ($: * ) root C $> ./biological/ $ /biolog-/
7 * E $%

= +3 1 .(base) .+:
" ,& !0 :(stem of word) " G
(bases) P
(affixes) - 6"7 4( 3

1 I DO- $ .

1 ! /paint/ " +D/@ .(a derived word) Q %
P L$2
.{}/repaint/ /painter/ " 5
@
:{}-
# @ ' " H
)

)
@ ' " 0 0@' (stem) *
+
2

!0 N" + 181N" M
(root) $ : * O$ @ " %" 8 .(stem) 2 +
(inflectional endings) $ % " <
48" 4( 3
I
! " +(affix) O- 6"7
! ! 0 G
8 /" " 1 " ! ! " /tend-/ M 8 : @ +
%"
1 0 X/ten-/ #$ : * E:" +(/to stretch/ 7* Y. ! E:") /tendere/
G

.{
}theme +base C $ > ./ten-/ #$ : * /tend-/ $ /tendere/ "
E:" + P
1

:(base of a word) P
1
.(stem) *+

{} )( 3
. (G1 ) theme DI '& - .- 6"7" I

.stem C*"$ .(stem base) *
> +
' ( 3
I E: " [,0 $"
] , 0$ %
" .(stem formative) * +
A !
+ DO-67" . 4* E +D>1 4* < 0$% ,0$ %
" &* $ 2a
٥٧ (= )/ .(
.(

(
1& .(! ( B 3

. : (E1E & : D
!
speedometer (O$"
$ " P
) thermometer $ /-o-/ 3"N"
<6%" @
.( &$= 1
7
)
0$ %
,8 I
6%
41 ) 4 < .(connecting vowel) 0M 3
> (
I . O-
67" $ : * . DO-& 2 - +O-
" !0 [ 0$]

.speedometer ← meter + speed :@ + . $
. .$" M =" C* ,*$ .[- 6"7 :1] (affix) -
/affix/ O$ ( 3

$M0 D@ D;% " " .. % EM $%& :4?. 40$ &
+/O- 6"7 / :? @
B ٕ +(prefix) .1 '1 " ?. <% " ( O- 6"7" .4 E
; '1 " $ 2g . <% " "ٕ +(infix) 2" - '1 " A1. <% "

- '& 2"
2" - " C* +(prefixes) G { }
." 1 '& .1 " C * . (suffix)

.(suffixes) G " '& /" C* +(infixes)

@
:{}-
#
)
@ ' " 0 0@' (affix) - ( )
@ ' " H
)
2

+A 1 + "-. '( 3
I : '( 3

M
%
7 * .(affix) - ()
I
$ % (derivative word) & 7> T"-
3 L$ 2
.; 4

{}
. (inflection)
.> 3

I W - &"
(grammatical element) E
> $ % & .(affix) -

( )
.{} " $ : * - . A 1
% (inflectional) !W $ %
+(bound) (
% ) -
$
%

& .(affix) - ()
/"
(infix) 2"
- " (prefix) . 1 +(derivational) !W > "
+ O--*
1 Q %
G 1 (base) P
(stem) G 1
'( 3
I +(suffix)

0
12 / .(
/ ٥٨
"

,(,- +(!

! " /im-/ @ +/wanted/ Q %

/want/ ' ( 3 I
! " /-ed/ @
N "
M %" > ./impossible/ Q %
8 :C $
/possible/ ' ( 3
I

.{
}(combining form)
- +(suffix)
;
.{}(infix)
2" +(prefix)
.1 .(affix) - ( )

!0 + <" %J" (sequence)
1 1 (sound) <
%
.(affix) - ()
( % ) O - M

% - *

11 (letter) 3
3$ "
$ + . "

+(phrase) O$ .& (base) P1 4 "- . $ [bound form]
.. A
: @ ) (derivative word) h Y P 1 2"
-

$ /-ish/ /" +/chlorate/ $ /-ate/ /" +/untie/ $ /un-/ .1 "
/-s/ : @ ) (inflectional form $ % M
% h Y /morning-after-ish/
3 % (paradigm) $ : * < $ % 7 * P
1 h Y /cats/ $
+[7 F ] /I conquer/ :! E:" /vinco/ " !0 /-n-/ /" : @ )
" ! M
% C . . (7 M ) /he conquers/ ! E:" /vincit/ $

/vicit/ +[0 Y \ >] /I have conquered/ :! E:" /vici/ :, " 7 " !0
- " C $
(infix) 2" > W ([^Y \ >] /he has conquered/ :! E:"
(prefix) .1"
.{}(suffix) /"
- +D.1 ' 10 $ : *" .> 3 ( )
' 1 0 )2"
0$
I , .(affix) -
(prefix) .1" ! T" @/@ O-6"7" Z0 +": .D; ' 10 #- . +D2" -

(infix) 2"
.{}(suffix) /" - "
:(affixes) * !

$ 8M 0 " ' ( 3
I
3
% &* <

$ 48@ <"
%
!
"O- " 0$ % " ' 1 + 4
% " " G
" <"- " %"
٥٩ (= )/ .(
.(

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1& .(! ( B 3

. : (E1E & : D
!

% " 0$ %
free ) "O$ " " <"
- "
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:
@/@ '& G %" " #: $4
(morphemes
,
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$ ]" , 1" + '( $ ! " O$1 " %
" ,1" "

:! ? .$ "
[ [
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/"
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% !0 :"; .,

! " " %/" .$ "
$ !0 .1 8" '( $ ! " "
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,

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1 ! 0 :J ; .1

1J" 0J" ! 0 .$" < " G
. ! " 2" - "
+ .$ " %
! 0 &" M
& $ .8 ! " 3
J" : @
:! ? " 0" M % '( $ ! " "

{}

3H -
0I ( .(affixation) *
> H (!) 2

)
3
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7 0I( {-6"$" ,*}.$ 2a
.> O-6"
$ : *" 4A 1 " !0 O - 6"7

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#- .
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0
12 / .(
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,(,- +(!

-
+O7 4" + " +" " +3 J" :! O$ & 2!

)

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!0 ,4I. +1$" - " '& 4 41 ' <"$.& !0 3$J" #:
4 *0
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+! A:" : !0 R@ 4 * +"R+" 0!
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"!9+"
#: -" 7 ."A
+
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!0 +(+ ' 1 0) 4 !0
-0 + " CI" !0 3$ "

[ :[ @ +(8 ' 1 0) $ 2a !0 (7 , ' 1 0) [4A1 ]
.[
; O$2J" " ]0 . +[
2"- 3J"
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)
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$ : *" . 1 -
,

0$
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/" & 3 2 ! .(, $ $ F ' & *) /unkind/ $ ($ F ) /un-/
.{}(infix) 2" - " (suffix)
<" %J" 3 $ "

&* <
%
$ .(prefix) > +
3
N "
\ %"
8 _
. "ٕ .4 $ 8M " - . '( 3
I
pro-/ " +D/@ .( " !0 ) I R
) G ."1" @
1

+($
% " -
8N) /pro-/ .1 " 1 (8 1 $ -
8N) /French

/Anglo-/ N " M 8 "!1$0 E7* @" /Anglo-French/ " 1
%"
.{}(O- 6"7 ) affix :< DI $ " ."E7 * @"
@
:{}-
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)
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(prefix) +
@ ' " 0 0@'
2

; E W M $
%
& :
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). - . $ %
& .(prefix) > +

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$ M <
.{}/($ F ) not/ !
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٦١ (= )/ .(
.(

(
1& .(! ( B 3

. : (E1E & : D
!
"-

. !0 CI

& .(prefix) > +
(/dis-/ +/re-/ : @ ) $
%
{}
. (inflection) 3 $ % (<M" _. !0) - $
M G
1

($ F ) /un-/ @ +L$ 2 .1 P 1 .> CI

O- 6"7 .(prefix) > +
$ /re-/ /un-/ @ (, $ $ F '
& *) /unkind/ $
.{
}/unrewarding/
'( 4 0I( ! " 3$ " * .1 " .(prefixes) *

& ! +

. 3 2 'D <": O -
{}
- * T" - .;
($ : *"
'& - )
:(prefixes) * ! +

!0 3
I %J" D&* D % BA

$ 48@ <"
3 %
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% 0

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% !
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– $
1" @ G
ex-/ . ."1" D&* 7* Y" @
M =" 3
.$J" < $
re-/ .1" +(G.1" P6$" ) /ex-president/ @ !0 /G.1"/ :'. /
.{}(L$2 DO$ !& - 1 ) /recall/
@ !0 /$"$ "/ '. /

O- 6"7 ) $D" % I X .1 " C I
& 3
!0 3
I .(prefix) *
+

.)( 3 E:" $ % " .> ( N M
I
%

$ % & 0I( X.1 " C I !0
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X . 1 0 I(
.6 .) ( 3 I E: " $ % " .> ( N M

% O- 6"7 )

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0
12 / .(
/ ٦٢
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,(,- +(!

E:" $ %
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.> 3

I X.1" C I !0 3

I .(prefixed) *> +

.(prefixed combining form)
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affixes grammar roots
classes of words linguistics syntax
concept morpheme word
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8. root .........................
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7. combining forms ...........................
8. combining vowel ...........................
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affixes - 6"7 .6
concept ,

4 .8

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phrase
word

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linguistics <1 8" +< M =" + M =" , & .L
grammar

> 3
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syntax " , & .N
morphology 3 $%" ,& .O

word formation < " Q %
.5P
derivation G ;" .55
etymology "
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classes of words " T" .58
<
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%" +0$

morpheme +, 0$ %" O- "
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1. free morpheme [
1
% ]
O$
0$%
O-

2. bound morpheme [
% ]
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3. prefixes G 1"
4. suffixes G
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5. infixes - "
2"
6. free form

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M
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%
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9. unanalysable element .>
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12. bases P
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M % .O
affixation 3 $ 8 .5P
2 -( XO- 7"
X-6"7"
0I( XO - 8
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N
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:(combining vowel) 2 1
(
.9
.< 6% . - . $
% & # -& D6"- A1 .%
.< 6%
. - . $
% & # -& J" ,
!0 A1 .,

!0 +< 6%
. - . #- . $ %
& - $ ,F$"
'& A1 ; -> .1
./exoerythrocytic/
:/-form/ "
.7
.

N
M
% .%
.

N
M % .,
.
N
.1
.
0$
; .
.
0
N
M
% .
:/-ectomize/ "
.B
.
1 "
;
.%
.

N
M
% .,
.
0

N
M
% .1

.0 Q % .
!0 1
N
M %
.
. $

N
M % .
.[
$ $
% & .
١١٧ (E
(=
=1
:
1E & : < 3

!
:/-ization/ D .6
4` $M% $%&
4J
. $
;
.G" ! .%

1 ." ! .,
M
%"
8 -ize A /"
N 4J

N
M
%
./-ation/ "
N "

.1 Q%
A1.
; ! .1
:/-ectomy/ "
.C
.$: *
- 6"7 3
N [
$ $
% & .%
.
. $

N
M % .,
$ : * .1
.;
3
N [
$ $
% & .1
/-ectomy/ A
/" 1 ." G
"
$ % "
3
N [
$ $
% & .
./-y/
.
1 "

N
M
% .
:U
EH /headache/ 0 ' .5
.& 0 7 '& .%

. 0 BY ?3
.,
.& 7 '& .1

. 0 7 '& .
: ! :A

A
") !
+
A
.;
=
._ "- " '& - < Q %
$ " .%
. ." '& = - < Q% .,

Q% .1
.O$ %" [ A" '& = - <
$

0
12 / .(
/ ١١٨
"

,(,- +(!

:/oesophagus/ ( ' .

./esophagus/
2
6* 4 ! .%
./esophagus/ " ' & 3 2 'D <": .1

, "
.(chiefly british) J"
!0
A$.
6*4 ! .
$
6* 4 $ .
.

:/hemat-/ "
.
./hemato-/
2
M % .%
./haemato-/
2
6* 4 .,
./haemat-/
2
6* 4 .1
١١٩ (E
(=
=1
:
1E & : < 3

!
7 "

>
I ' " K <
4 )

4
F
a different form

2
M
%
a variant

= .8
2
6* 4 .6
2
M % .5
3
2
a variant form

2
M
%
a variant spelling

2
6* 4
adjectival (!W ) !W %

adjective (<
)
%
adverb

#
I ' " K F
4 )
4
<

O- 6"7"

affix
american spelling $

6* 4

chiefly british spelling " !0
A$.
6* 4
J" ,

6 "
combination 3/
N "
combining form
M %"
8
N "
combining root 3 $ : *"

" N " 6%"
combining vowel 3 <

0
12 / .(
/ ١٢٠
"

,(,- +(!

D
I ' " K <
4 )

4
F
N "
combining word
"
compound word element [ $ "
" $ % &
simple word element
A1 ."
" $ % &
6%"
" <
connecting vowel ,= I
entry
2 -
etymology % ? "
function of the word element " $ %
&

I ' " K F
4 )
4
<

main entry 6$
2 -
!W 1
noun ,
1 "
obsolete term

$ B
A
%
parts of speech ,/ " ,1>

.1"
prefix
prefixed combining form

.1 "
N "
M %"
8
productivity Y"
*
١٢١ (E
(=
=1
:
1E & : < 3

!
?
I ' " K <
4 )

4
F
%2 "
specialty S=
subentry !W &$ 0
2 -
subject
TI "

suffix
/"
suffixed combining form
"
N "
M %"
8
verb
0
word element " $ %
&

.h +[ +.F .h +[.D . +-.8 . +h +[ +.6 .- +[.5
.h +.56 .- +.55 .%.5P .,.O . +.N .%.M . +- +h.L

0
12 / .(
/ ١٢٢
"

,(,- +(!

"'
& ()

-4" , 5 - ( 6 9) ;/ 4+ ;%6 .8
:&
"'
()
-4" , 5 - ( 6 9) ;/ 4+ ;%6 .8
$ * 4 B

[
$ ! ? !0 -$
3 1
I $ % & 65 [
$ $ % & 8 [
< $ - . DI -$ 3
1 8
+$ :" ]" < " $%&

$ I 8 .
1
.< " $ %& ! ' & . " @ J" _
:! ]" 1 1 " [1. < " $% & [ " @J"
$ * 4 '& .A
: : C! 5(prefix) +
E# > ; : 7
extra- : !
/ ; •
; ;
intra- :" •
; ;
in- :J •
ex- :6
; •
5(prefixed combining form) +

%1
E# ; : 7

:+ C!
exo- :. ;
, •
extero- :. ;

+ •
/ecto-/ N " %
M 8
2
M
% :ect- :6 +
; •
ecto- :A ; ;
•
/endo-/ N " %
M 8
2
M
% :end- :6+
;
•
;
endo- := •

١٢٥

0
12 / .(
/ ١٢٦
"

,(,- +(!

:+ C! 5(suffix) D E# ; : 7

noun compound ) 1
;" . $ "
/" :=
# I ; •
/-ability/ :(suffix
/-ad/ :(adverb suffix) 0$ " /" := # "; ; •
/-ia/ :(noun suffix) 1 ;" /"

:= # J ; ;
•
adjective and noun ) 1 # 6

;" " /" := ; •
/-al/ :(suffix
/-ize/ :(verb suffix) "
/"
:= # . ,

; •
. $" /"
/-ization/ : 1 ;" := # . +
; •

. $" /"
/-ics/ : 1 ;" := # 6 +

; •

C! 5(suffixed combining form)

%1
E# > ; : 97

: :
verb suffixed ) "
" N" M
%" 8 := ; ;
# A •
/-ectomize/ :(combining form
noun suffixed ) 1 ;

;" "
N "
M
%"
8 :=
# 6+ •
/-ectomy/ :(combining form
adjective suffixed ) " "
N "
M
%"
8 :A!= ; •
/-form/ :(combining form
/-odont/ : " "
N "
M
%"
8 :A!= ! I ; •
١٢٧ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
: : C! 5(prefix) +
E# > ; : 7
:!/
;
extra-
%
, :9 <
( " ) P F
% 8 !0 % 2. 9
.1
"
<%"
2 > +< extra-atmospheric [V ] E 2 X8 *" h$
h$ 8 8 *"
3/ M" h$ 2 >
, < extravascular [D-] & J" h$ 2 > +< extracranial [D-] 3
P
< extravisual [D -] N$= " G "
[ 4 " > ? A h$ 2 > ( " ) *
/" ] ./intra-/ :4I C $
> X< extramastoiditis [D -] 2
[( " ) h$ 2 = outside = extra

' " B !3 - !
/extra-/ + !

C <
3!
: "# G

.(prefix) .1 :
"
%
?! .5
? 3
(illustrative examples) @ ! @ ;: C (meanings) F
" .6
3
:'D 8
:@ outside (of) ( " ) P

, .(>)
extra-atmospheric. Outside the earth's atmosphere.
, L! ' P
._$e E 3/M" h$ 2 :[\ " ] I
8 8 *" ! '
2D P ,
extracranial. Outside the cranium.
.DI ) $ !8 .*J" ." .2
P
B A
%
! .$ "
; ,
extravascular. Outside of the blood vessels or lymphatics or of any
special blood vessel.
.S2
5 E E
5 - & 8" - " & J" h$ 2 :
# ! / P
8 h$2 ,
:@ beyond ( " ) * " P

, .(#)
extravisual. Outside the field of vision, or beyond the visible spectrum.

0
12 / .(
/ ١٢٨
"

,(,- +(!

.!8 6$ " A h$ 2 + N$= " " P

3 A" G 1 h$ 2 :
1 4 * ,
:; ?
.(D )
extramastoiditis. Inflammation of the outer surface of the mastoid
process and nearby tissues.
.O$ * " " B A
i $ , ?

K 1 =" !8 62" 1 " [4
" :B= G

$ %
"
$ : :(related word elments)

&

" # .8
./extra-/ $ %
"
_ /intra-/
:[ ] $ 0"7 . C I : "

9 .D
[( " ) h$ 2 = outside = extra /" ]
+7 6" A 8 2
. <$ : +/extra/ $ +$% "
"
4 : 2 ! "
O" 1 " +/ /"/ :! +4( ! ! " M =" 4.> <$ :
/
& , % F
% 8 !0 %2 . 9
.1 .5
" <%"
+< intracellular !W " * X 2 " 2"
- > +< intravaginal [D-] .4" 2"

-
[D-] $ 2
a I * = > A 3 < intraocular " 2" - >

.< intrafetation
> B %" < %" %2 . W !

.1 .6
" ;: .(%) :<% F 8 !0
intrafebrile (= [D -] ' " @
"
@ > +< intranatal [D -]
١٢٩ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
[D -] "

@ > +< intraictal [D -] . "
@ > +< intrapyretic)
[D -] O " @ > +< intrapartum [D-]
" @ > +< intraoperative

.< intradural [D -] 0 *"
2"- X0* " <
> .(,) .< intravital
./endo-/ C $ >
] ./ento-/ +/endo-/ :D I $ " ./extra-/ : . 1 " _
!
2"
[ I - = within = intra /"

' " B !3 - !
/intra-/ + !

C <
3!
: "# G

+G.1 " @ >$= A
- . DI" <.% <" #:
L$
8 '& .
$ I
@J" <$ .1" #: ! $ :. ! 31 :
"
=
7* Y" M . 4
..$ "
:E"7 E# @ 3
! @ ; : "
6 /intra-/ +
> ,
:within A 3 .5
intravaginal. within the vagina.
) 1 < >" B A
!0 !8 .*J" % ."
! .$ "
. ,
;

.) ^
$
intracellular. within a cell.
.M " ! ' L

, ,

intraocular. within the eye.

.A
,
intrafetation. the development of a fetus within another fetus.
. , A
] A 3 @ " ' B
"

0
12 / .(
/ ١٣٠
"

,(,- +(!

:@ during B
" ;: .(%) .6
intranatal. occurring during birth.
.
" @
R
- :F ,
B
" ;:
intrafebrile. SYN intrapyretic; occurring during the febrile stage of a
disease.
.intrapyretic :3-"$ " $ "
. _

$ "
@
R
- :E B
" ;:
intraictal. occurring during an attack or seizure.
. . " @
R
- : =
" B
" ;:
intraoperative. occurring during the course of a surgical operation.
. "
$* & G

- :
1 !0 R

B" ;:

intrapartum. occurring during childbirth, or during delivery.
.
" @
R
- :F ,
B
" ;:
intravital. occurring during life.
" @ R
.O
- :-

B" ;:

:@ underneath .(,) .6
intradural. within or beneath the dura.
. 0 *"
2"- :
'

, L
'
:J ; ;

in-
% +an- +a- " .1
@ ! +; X% " ' -
.1 .5
([D -]
I ; X I" ,"- " =) [D -] I" - 0 > un- 7* +

> +< inactive [D -] & > +< inacidity (= anacidity)
0 $ F X
A

> +< incoagulable [D -] $ =@2 " $ :8 > +< inadequacy [D -] "

[D -] " .> $ F > +< incoherent [D -]
A.$
$ * " XA .$" $ F
< % " .> /im-/ ? @ (assimilation @ . ) $ M ! X< inoperable
١٣١ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
.> /in-/ ! ' . +/l/ 3$ "
.> /il-/ ' "ٕ +/m/ +/p/ +/b/
[ = not = /in-/ /" ] .L$ 2 %J"
J" <"
_
$ > V , ,
< income [D-] 2 - > 1 :
.1 .6

+< intubation [D -] [. > , ! " > @0 +< inpatient [D -] !W 2" -

+m +p +b 3$ "
.> im- - . ! X< indwelling [D -] $W 1 >
.> in- ! ' . +l 3$ "
.> il- - . +r 3$ "
.> ir- - .
% ? @) /into/ % ($ ) /in/ = /in/ /" ] .L$ 2 J" <" %J"

[(2" - "
.> 1 /ino-/ $ " %

8
2
M .8
. 1 "
N "
M %
.5 :initis >
V %
O
+" O- V %
[3 :1] 2
: <6%
1 " [4 "
< myositis (= myitis) [D -] I " " = .6 [V ] !8 8" K
[4
./ino-/ :$" ./fibr-/ M %" 8 < " , !0 4 <

)
' " K /in-/ + E# !3
"

;/
$ %

:
!
inacidity. Lack of normal acidity. Called also anacidity.
.
I .A" I" - 0 : 3!
; X I" ,"- " :3-"$" .

inactive. Not active
#
@
N L>

inadequacy. The state or condition of being inadequate

%

inoperable. Not suitable to be operated upon.
.) "
$* & "

.> $ F : '
$ *Y @ Q
N
inpatient. A patient who comes to a hospital or other health care facility
for diagnosis or treatment that requires an overnight stay.

0
12 / .(
/ ١٣٢
"

,(,- +(!

- % 8 %
. $ 2a
&$ G
0$ 'D 1 '( ! ? _
$ : M ,
$
>
^ " ' E) " "
. % A >( ' ( h
! " * "
S 2 "
.(! "
intubation. The insertion of a tube into a body canal or cavity.
.) 0" *
-
!0 -1 *"

<"> L- ( . 2-( :G
"
$ [
initis. 1. Inflammation of fibrous tissue. 2. Syn: myositis.
+ " G .5
. I
" " = .6 . %
O
[4
" <" !0 /;/ <
":0 +/in-/ .1 " . !0 O-$" -$
U " #: !
.) $D" * $ 2a

D %
% $M B% .(assimilation) ;
@ <
<$ M R
+improbable ← in + probable :@ 7
( ) ' @" ->
D @ "
-0 +L$ 2 . " !0 /p/ @ /m/ ? @ /n/
- . ! " /l/ @ /l/ ? @ /n/ <$ M R
+illegal ← in + legal : @
P + +-. ← R. + B : .$ "
!0 @ "

@ .D D@
.{}

@ !@" @"
67 *
@ J" @" ( R +P + e % ←
:(assimilation)
! ;

+#$ < %
* $ 2a C D/@ $ @ B . %
" $ M ! @"
< %

O$ " #: _ A =" 8
4 1 '( 4 , " 3-
. " 3 $8
+< . G 4
+4 @ '( E-8N . $ 2]"
!0 -" " $
* %
$@? 4?. %
"

0I( 7* Y" !0 #- * : @ +O$ " #: < M =" $@ 3$

.( 1 ) /impossible/ B .%
( ) /possible/ " .> /im-/ .1 "

!4 /im-/ .1" Z0 /p/ E 5 < %
. - . /possible/ " <

.DI E 5 < % .
١٣٣ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
/in-/ 1 ) /tolerant/ : @ <

0 (B " ! 0
0 IY" Z
1 $ F ) intolerant B.%
.(B
:4 2 $ % !0 %" @" #: $ 4
. $2a
% $M ! :
; (5)
D % @ <
?@ f 7 < % $=M : @ 1 " 3
.$ .
$ " ' 1 0 #"$ E:
.C + e ← C + " > !0 4 @ 4 ! "
!0 $ 2a @ <

%
$ M ! :(O- &. " ; (6)
)
() '
D % 18 " < %
!0 "- : @ +G
A A =" G A
=" C I
. .A 2 -%
?@ 81" < %
R
J- <%
$@? . -$" 18 "
* $ 2a
% $M ! :-!
#$ D % @ < '
;
(8)
" < % '( =" < +-. ← R . + B :@ !0 D
, % $ M R
E:"
.#$* ." < % @

! :(progressive assimilation)
4 ;
$ M (D)
-"Y ← Y " @ !0 G
R .1 " < " @ " !0 G
% /"
< %
"
! Y 7 < % 4* " " - " < % '( P 4 " % - *
@ $ " <
+$ 4 *" - " <
% ! Y 7 <
! 0 @ " % B. % : . +).> $ 4* "

/z/ '( !" /s/ < %
. 1 8. 7* Y" !0 #- * DI : @
) G .1" <
%" C @.

$ 4* < % ?@ P 4 < % E
:@ < C D14 = . +/pens/ /dogs/ /reads/ :@ <

!0
.D` -= D/@ ' 1 "
" Ba 7 ./cats/ /books/ +/carts/

0
12 / .(
/ ١٣٤
"

,(,- +(!

; (F)
< %" $ M ! :(regressive assimilation)
'
$ "$" E +G /"
< .1"
'( C*$ $ @? "
%" @ " !0 G
G .1 " 18 " < % 7 % R - $ " 18 " $
'( C *$ $D" @? J - < - R
@ +,2 " !0 J 7- < % " < % '( 18 " <
@ -% %
0
0 +E
Z 5 @ < % - . " /tolerant/ 7* Y"
. O
!0 #- * DI :
. X I E " $ 8M ; + 4( /in-/ . 1 " 0 I(
7 !
Ba D @8" /n/ < %
@ ( +E X$ 2 J" $ =M ,- & [.1 /n/ < % " ! E:" /t/ < % "

' 1 .G .1" < %" $ =M , - & [

.. 1 @8" !0 G /" G .1" %"
.{ +}D` * $ D/@ "
#:
:(assimilation) ;

) $ 2a < % C D/@ $@ B .% ,/ " <"% - $ =M !
.> /im-/ - . ! " /in-/ 0 " .1" 7* Y" !0 : @ .).1
. .[(
1 ) impossible ← (
) possible + im-] /possible/ "
.1" Z0 +/p/ (bilabial sound) !5 < %
. - . /possible/ "
!4 E:" /n/ < . !4 /im-/
%" $ M :B"@ ./m/ DI !5 < %

!" ! " /p/ <
%" @ !8 " /m/ < %" '( /in-/ .1" ).
" '( 3 I /in-/ .1" Z0 : C ./possible/ " ). - .
← tolerant + in- :$2J" 4 % !0 $ M - ! /tolerant/
+/t/ (alveolar) E 5 @ < %
. - . /tolerant/ " J
: +intolerant
%J" 5 @ < %
<" . ./n/ DI E . !4 /in-/ .1"
' 1 "
#: Z0 +$ M " [8 .1 ! " ! (following sounds) /"

.(regressive assimilation) 7
' 7 ;
١٣٥ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
/cats/ 7* Y" " !0 /s/ < $ " $ . + @
%" . G

4
; ' & D; @ /dogs/ 7* Y" " ! 0 /z/ < %

"
$ (preceding sounds) .1 " <" 7 (progressive assimilation)
%J" B2
.{}$ M " [8
.1 ! "
+$ 2a
D % $ M <
@ .(assimilated sound) 2

% >

> !

$ /p/ @ /m/ ? @ /n/ <$ M R +impossible ← in + possible :@
.{} "
+)@ $ M ) * !0 $ @ <

$ 2a .(assimilatory) 2

% >

> !

<
% " ./m/ ' ( $ M /n/ < * ! " in + probable $ /p/ : @
.{}/n/ " #: !0 +(assimilated sound) 7%
7! 8
'& - 0 $ @? "

:6
;
ex-
> , / . 0
# - $ F X & D"- . :
. 1

B
* > +< [<.] <7 <: E: $F :exstipulate ,
7
:N
h$ , < [V ] [<.] "
2 > " P *" -6"7 " ,- & :exalate [V ]

[D -] ( I
> +< exanthropic [D -]
&
% ,
1 >) 3
" 1 Y

exconjugant [D -] (>-" J" ) " $ > ; " G
.1 > * +
< exclave
> +< ex-member [V ] G
.1
I
& > +< ex-president G .1" P 6$"
> +<
> 7 :' . J" _ . !0 1 ! X< ex-wife [V ]
.1
* 7
f 3$ "
.> ef- $ % ! X< exacerbation [D -] [<"
$ 1 :1]
O$ 1

3 -$ : > +< efferent [D -] $
-
X- % > (assimilation @.)

$ @ .> e- '( $ % 2 X< effuse [D -] [ = %
> +< efficient [D -]

0
12 / .(
/ ١٣٦
"

,(,- +(!

2 :out of = ex /" ] .< ecaudate [D -] [ : " ,

h$ %"
-& > <"

[& D"- . :away from % "
:/ex-/ 3
%

"
" E# !

; / $
exanthropic. not situated within the human body.
.1Y" - 1 * I
C>" +
$ F :A ,
" K P
exclave. a detached part of an organ, as of the pancreas, thyroid, or other
gland.
O - F >$ - " P$ ."
.L$ 2
:@ I
,1> :2
& B

%
>
,1> E + >$- " 3 >$ - "

.4 &
%
$ 0IY"

The accessory thyroid is an exclave of the thyroid.
١٣٧ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
+

%1
E# ; : 7

: + C! (prefixed combining form)
:. ;

,
exo-
, .(%) : (prefixed combining form)
.1
N
M
( " ) P %
[D -] - & .J" h"7 > +< exoerythrocytic [D -] "

$ " $ " h$
2 >
[D -] !W "$ . -W I
1 =) [D -] !W * $

1 > '
2 -W I V , < exogamy
< exoskeleton [D -] !W * $ 2
> +< exoantigen (= ectoantigen)
+< exosmose [D -] h$ 2 B I > P , h$ 2" '( h$ 2" D`* $ 2
[D -] !W
; " >
V = ! < exocrine [D -] Y +" != *$ 2 >

[4 " > ?
4 " > +< exocolitis [D -] B >
[ < exophoria

exosporium [D -] Q .
> F < exogastritis [D -] O-
([<.] !*$2" O$@ f \ XO$@ O$ > :epicarp =) :exocarp > - = Q <

A
O$"$ G > * -8 .(,) ./ecto-/ C $ > X/endo-/ _
! X<
> < 6 %
.> /ex-/ $ % - > X< exothermal (= exothermic) [D -]
./endo-/ _ 7
A

1 "
! X< exergonic metabolism [D-] *- G [/
[!W * $ 2 ( " ) h$ 2 = outside = exō " ]
:/exo-/ + " E# ! %

%1

3

;/ $
exoerythrocytic. outside the erythrocyte.

B ,

P
exocrine. secreting outwardly, via a duct.
* $ 2 - - M"
:@ +O> G$ A 7$ 3
2"
h$ :3 G 4 '

% ,
.(exocrine glands)Y +

0
12 / .(
/ ١٣٨
"

,(,- +(!

exophoria. tendency of the eyes to deviate outward when fusion is

suspended.
.h- ;" - & h$ 2 $ ;"
G 3" :M = ! > 8!
'( "
exocolitis. inflammation of the outer coat of the colon.
7 f4
.B >3 [4 " : ?
G

exogastritis. inflammation of the external coat of the stomach.
7 f4
.O - 3 [4 " :- ?
G

exosporium. the external layer of the envelope of a spore.
.Q ."
3/M O$ " .A" :T ! F
exothermic. characterized or accompanied by the evolution of heat, as in
a chemical reaction during and by which heat is released. Called also
exothermal.
E:" !8 6 " @ +O$"$" . [
" &

%
>
,
1 :- *
.exothermal :3-"$ " 1. #@ O$"$" G
.) A A
exergonic. characterized or accompanied by the release of energy.
Opposed to endergonic.
7 f-Z. [ >
S
W ) /endergonic/ _
. *- C

% ,
1 : H!$ *
.( *7-3
:. ;

+
extero-
[D -] h$
* 1 > P
2 [ , :
. 1
N
M
%
> V '
, < exteroceptive [D -] . 1;
" != * $
2 > +< exterofective
> < 6%
.> /exter-/ $ % X< exteroceptor [D-]
*$ 2
. 1
% (h$ ) outside = exterus /" ] .< exterior [D -] !W * $
2" 2
% (h$ ) from outside = extero /" X(!W * $
2" 2 ) external
2"
(h$ '&) on the outside % (h$ ) outward = exter /"
2"
[-o- E * Y"
= 7 3 " N " < 6%" +
١٣٩ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
E# !3

%

+
%1

" ;/ $
:/extero-/
exterofective. Pertaining to the response of the nervous system to
external stimuli.
. * $ 2 <48
. !8 .%" 74
*" .* '( [
1"
> ' +
, G

1 :P
exteroceptor. One of the peripheral end organs of the afferent nerves in
the skin or mucous membrane, which respond to stimulation by external
agents.
O - 64 ;"
O-$" " [%&e A"
* " I&J"
- :>
'
, > +

.* $ 2 " . R - " )
. [* 1 ! " +!8 A
2 "
M" - * $

:6 +
;
ect-
.5 : < 6%
.> 1 -> /ecto-/ N "
%
M 8
2
M
%
(h$ 2 3 h$
2"
? @ h$ 2"
=) [D -] 7 > ? ! P
,

? V '
, <
.6 !W A 1 .5 :ectal > +< ectad (= outward)
7
> [,1 "] ? < ectostosis [D-] !W "$ . ,
= > V " [%
]
./ecto-/ :$" .< ectiris [D-]
:/ect-/ 3
"
" E# !

;/ %
ectad. outward; the reverse of inward.

/inward/ _ 2 3 h$
2 ? @ h$ ! ! "
2 " :?
X(outward) h$
- " )
.( 2"
ectal. superficial or external.

? .6 M +
.5
ectiris. The outer layer of the iris.
. 7 O$
" .A" :

) ?

0
12 / .(
/ ١٤٠
"

,(,- +(!

; ;
:A
ecto-
- h$
[D -] 2" > P
2" , .5 :
. 1
N
M
%
:[D -] !W "$ . , 2 ,7 ( > '

7 ( =) [D -] !W *$
!
V , ? < ectoentad
< ectoenzyme (= exoenzyme; extracellular enzyme) ( 2" h$ 2 ,

7 (
7 ,- J" > +< ectocondyle [D -]
O$
[D -]
> [% ] ?

> [,1 "] ?
! < ectoparasite [D -] !W "$ . !W A > " < ectoderm
V

[D -] '4 > +< ectobiology [D -] 2
* .
= 7/."
ectoplasm; exoplasm (= plasma ([D -] !
M" =) [V ] '4
./exo-/ /endo-/ C $ > .< 6%
.> /ect-/ $% -> ! X< membrane)
ectocardia (= [D -] :
. [

> > & " X! .A" ) & ^"7 .6
8
h$ 2 «,» .h$ 2" «%» .5 = outside = ektos " ] .< exocardia)
[ *$2"
` " !0 X": h$2 .8 !*$2
` .6 ) !*$2"
` 7*" !"
dilatation = ectasia ] .< ectocolon [D-] B >" C=1 > 6+
4 ! .8
[C=1 =
:/ecto-/ + " E# !

%1

3

;/ %
ectoentad. from without inward.

P
, A
,
ectoenzyme. an enzyme that acts outside of the cells in which it
originates; called also exoenzyme and extracellular enzyme.
!W "$ . ,

7 ( :3-"$ "
, 0
)

7 ( :M '
.40 ? ! " /2 " h$2 , > " H
.extracellular enzyme 2" h$ 2 ,
7 "ٕ exoenzyme
ectocondyle. the external condyle of a bone.
١٤١ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
. , 7 =" :F?

>

ectoderm. the outer layer of cells in the embryo, after establishment of
the three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm).
.A" = - . + M I
< " " .A" :?
!
! 0 /2"
O$ 0

/
.(A ." ,-J" +A81 " ,- J" +$ " ,- J") R/@" J" "

ectostosis. ossification beneath the perichondrium of a cartilage or the
periosteum of a bone.
$I 1 < =
. ,
& 3 F G ,
:M " 0> 4?
ectoparasite. a parasite that lives on the outside of the body of the host.
I
.3 " - 1* !8 * $2"
B A !W A :M " M
%
1 " '& c

ectobiology. the study of the properties and biochemical constitution of
the cell surface and the specific enzymes at the surface.
2" 1 "
B A "
6

." S"
8 2"
1" ?
$ - :
,

'!
!

.BA 1 " ": !0 & " <
7Y"
ectocardia. congenital displacement of the heart, either inside or outside
the thorax. Called also exocardia.
-"$ " " 1 +[ !W 2 ^
3 .) * $ 2 $ - %
" 2"- D
7 " :&> " G
> Q
.exocardia
ectocolon. [ectasia + colon] dilatation of the colon.
6+
4 !
;
:6+
end-
> , .(%) .5 :! < 6% .> 1 -> /endo-/
2
M
%
endaural (= [D -] B " 2" - > +< endadelphos [D -] [V
2"
1 ]
A
.
> [&J" !0] (intima) " " ! ' A ,

V V A 3 < intra-aural)
." [ 4 " =) [D -] J
([D -] A . [ 4 "

" A
endangiitis;
. [4 " > +< endangeitis; endoangiitis; endovasculitis; (= intimitis)
A

0
12 / .(
/ ١٤٢
"

,(,- +(!

[&J" $F !0] " < endarteritis (= endoarteritis) [D -] $ 8

[!5 A
"
2
M. A."
'." I&J" !0] (lining) [,1"] "
[
8A .(,) .A [!5 A
2
M. A."
'." I&J" $F !0]
./endo-/ :$" .< endergonic [D-] *7- S W > ZM '( h

:/end-/ 3
"
" E# !

;/ %
endadelphos. [end- + -adelphus] asymmetrical conjoined twins in which

a parasitic fetus is enclosed within the body of or within a tumor upon the
larger twin.
!= =A" *" 40 "$
, " - 1 * I
; % :A>

$. J"
.$ . J" , " '& ,$ I
endaural. within the ear; called also intra-aural.
- ) /intra-aural/ :3-"$" . I ,
.(B " 2" 2"

endangiitis [endo- + G. angeion, vessel, + -itis, inflammation]
inflammation of the intima of a blood vessel; called also endangeitis,
endoangiitis, endovasculitis, and intimitis.
0-"$ "
endangeitis :< 5 - . [ 4 " :J
& A G
"
.E
.intimitis A
." [4 " + endovasculitis +endoangiitis

endarteritis. inflammation of the intima of an artery; called also
endoarteritis.
.( . [4 ") endoarteritis :3
$ 8 " A -"$ " G
"

=
.A
endergonic [end- + Gr. ergon work] characterized by or accompanied by
the absorption of energy. Opposed to exergonic.
A 7 . [
G ) /exergonic/ _
.*-" S% ,
1 : H!$ Z

% M
.( *7-3
١٤٣ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
;
:=

endo-
[D -] A - >
. " 2" , .(%) .5 :
. 1
N
M
%

> A 3 +< endobacillary [D -] < % " 2"- > +< endoabdominal
+< endoepidermal [D -] O$ ." I > +< endocyclic [D-] " I

%
[D -] [ " I > +< endoepithelial [D -] " I >
[D -] !W 2" - ,& > ,

A V
< endoneural (= intraneural)
!W 2"
-
: > +< endoscope [D -] !W 2" - $

> +< endocommensal
([D -] " $ J" =) [D-] A ." ,- J" > A

< endotoxin [D-]

[D -] ." != A . > "
V < endoderm; entoderm; (= hypoblast)
." 3 8" > V " ! ' < endomorphic
endolymph [D -] A 8" X!= " *" 3
intima " < endolysis [D -] !W " *
/ " > +< (= endolympha)

< endophlebitis (= endovenitis) [D -] - $ " A . [4 " > [&J" !0]

A . > +< endochorion [D -] " A . > [&J" $F !0] "

" < endocyst [D -] 1 " A . > +< endocuticle [D -] O - *

A
. [
4 " > [!5 A2 M. A."
'." I&J" !0] lining [,1"]
. %" A . [
[D -] < 4 " > +< endoappendicitis [V ] O- 6"7
$] " < endocolitis [D-] B >" A . [4
" > +< endobronchitis
" A
. [
[D -] 3 4 " > [!5 A2 M. A."
'." I&J" $F
< endocranium (= entocranium) [D -] 3 " A
. > +< endocranitis
.< endocervicitis (= endotrachelitis) [D -] G . [4 " > A
" A

endothermic (= [D -] O$" $ S W > Z M '( h
[
8A
.(,)

0
12 / .(
/ ١٤٤
"

,(,- +(!

$ " ./exo-/ _

! .<6 %
.> /end-/ $ % - > X< endothermal)
[ I 2"
- = within = endon " ] ./ento-/ DI

> +< endopericarditis [D -] $ 4 " > 2 = .6
? " 3M " [
I
.< endomyocarditis [D-] [ " & 3M " [4
"
:/endo-/ + " E# !

%1

3

;/ %
endoabdominal. Within the abdomen.

A ,
endobacillary. contained within a bacillus.
. % ,
" 2"- LD :

endocyclic. Within a cycle or ring
A 3

endoepidermal. within the epidermis.
- =
A 3
endoepithelial. within the epithelium.
K A 3
F

endoneural. within a nerve. Called also intraneural.
.([% -"$ "
A 3
"
2"-) /intraneural/ :3 .G
endocommensal. a commensal organism which lives inside the body of
its symbiotic companion.
"
.) c ,&A

)0$ -1 * 2"- c
!W
6 :M , 0> #
endoscope. [endo- + -scope] an instrument for examination of the

interior of a cavity or hollow viscus.
* I
a :M ,
?
.3 & 3 * ( A.) 2"- S > "
endoderm. [endo- + G. derma, skin] the innermost of the three primary
germ layers of the embryo (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm). Called also
entoderm and hypoblast.
١٤٥ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
R/@ " J" "

<.A" 2"- " - . J" .A" :A
0
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: 0-"$ "
.(A ." , -J" +A 18 "
, -J" +$ " , -J") M I
.hypoblast : " $ J" +entoderm
endolympha [endo- + L. lympha, a clear fluid] [NA]. the fluid contained
within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. Called also
endolymph, Scarpa's fluid, and Scarpa's liquor.
: e !8 6 M"
) 8 " I

L "

6 1 " :A L4 " ! '
2 2
Scarpa's fluid; Scarpa's :.$ 0-"$ "
+endolymph :<
1 61 .A."
.liquor
endolysis. [endo- + -lysis] dissolution or breaking up of the cytoplasm of
a cell.
' , = 4 / " :M " ! ' > D "
. 2"
endophlebitis. [endo- + phlebitis] inflammation of the intima of a vein;
called also endovenitis.
-"$ "
.endovenitis 3 .
! " G

endochorion. [endo- + chorion] the inner chorionic layer.
." 6 " .A" :B
= "
.A

endocyst. The inner layer of a hydatid cyst.
. $" - " .A" : +
"

1 A."

endoappendicitis. inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the
vermiform appendix.
. - 8 ." !8 A
-= " O - 6"7 A 2 " [4 " :- ( ) "
M" G

endobronchitis. inflammation of the epithelial lining of the bronchi.
.%3 $4
.< 8 A
" ." [4 "
G
" :

endocolitis. inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon.
2 "
.B > !8 A [4 " : "
M" G

endocranitis. inflammation of the endocranium.
"
2 G

0
12 / .(
/ ١٤٦
"

,(,- +(!

endocranium. [endo- + Gr. kranion skull] the endosteal outer layer of

the dura mater of the brain. Called also entocranium.
-"$ " -8 0 *"
,8J" ,
8 .A" :2
"

:3 .Q *$ 2"
A."
.entocranium
endocervicitis. [endo- + cervicitis] inflammation of the mucous
membrane of the cervix uteri; called also endotrachelitis.
-"$ "
:3 !8 A
2 " [ 4 " :*
M" G
" A
.,$ " G
.endotrachelitis
endothermic. characterized by or accompanied by the absorption of heat,
as a chemical reaction accompanied by absorption of heat and to which
heat must be supplied if it is to proceed. Called also endothermal.
$6 " & % .
" @ +O$"$ " S [

%

,
1 :- Z
M
:3-"$ "
.$ 1 ' 4. #-"- ( [ * E: " O$$" " S
% . [ % "

.endothermal
endopericarditis. [endo- + pericarditis] inflammation involving both the
endocardium and pericardium.
G
! 9! 2 =
endomyocarditis. [endo- + myocarditis] inflammation of the
endocardium and myocardium.
G 3 =
# ! 2 G

: + C! 5(suffix) D

E# ; : 7

:=# I ;
-ability
+/-ity/ /-able/ 4 $M% ;
N
1"
. $
;

< * $ +/-able/ /. 8 " 1J" 4
2 "
<%" !0 - *

" .> > +< displaceability [D -] ^
X[ " .> >
Q :? @
7 ;
١٤٧ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
> 41 < operability [D-] " .> > +< fatigability [D-]
.
$ *"
#:4.

<* $ < friability [D -] < = " 41
2
O$ @
. $ <
>
! :BY '& !8 & %"
8 $ - %
"
M%. O-" .$& '( /"
* > +< coagulability [D -]

$ @2 > +< permeability
:
[D -] ( 8 " (
)
6$ . > +< crossability [D -] ( *4 " .>)

& > +< heritability [D -] @$" . ;" X
@$ > +< curability

'( /" #:4.

<* $ X< viability [D-]
2
>
. $ <
[D -]
. >
! % :BY '& !8 & %"
8 $ - %
"
M%. O-" .$&
( >)
N 1 > +< desirability [D -]
.F$ > +< acceptability
'( /" #:4.

<* $ X< liability [D-]
2 L$2
. $ <
[D -]
N/ > L$ 2 "7 ' & !& %" $- %" M %. O-
" .$&
1 " > +< effumability [D -]
$ A
[D -]
$@ > +< adaptability
.< reliability [D-]
> +< excitability
:/-ability/ 3
D " E# !

;/ $ %
permeability. the property or state of being permeable.

%"
>
&!
operability. the quality or state of being operable.

'
Q
-ibility

Q :' ( < * $ +/-ability/ 1;"
. $ "

/
2
M
%
.> > +< diffusibility [V ] $ ;"
.> > (!& %"
8 $- % "
M % )
> +< tingibility [D -] Q %;" .> > +< distensibility [D -] - -= "
.A

#:4. 2 "
. $ " < " _ . , * $ X< reducibility [V ] -8$ " .>

0
12 / .(
/ ١٤٨
"

,(,- +(!

:BY ' & !8 & %"

8 $ - %
" M %. O- " .$& ' ( . $ "
/"
+< perceptibility [D -]
$- > +< audibility [D-]
& 1 >
! %

[D -]
I X, I 4" .> > +< extensibility [D -]
. 1 >
! %
- /" ] .< transmissibility [D -]
X
"
$ 1 > +< digestibility
[{-ty =} -tāt- .6 + {-ible =} -ibili(s) .5 O$ +ibilitāt-

:=# "; ;
-ad
/" ' 4 $ " 1 " !0
;
Q% /-ward/ 7 * Y"

: #*8 . % :' . +-1 *"
7 *" "7* '& "- 1 D0$
! " F > ' < dextrad " > ! " :!= 1 6$" " , 1 > )& = - E:"
$ > 7
V L< orad ,
)* > F
D` 1 > ' L< anconad G 0$ "
)* >

> ... ... A < sternad g >" # * 8 . > R' < cephalad (' 8 .)
%7 " #*
.< frontad ) *= " != 4 . * > F'4 ! ~ < entoectad h$ 2 ? @ 2" - "

O$ J 4 1"
X, 1;.
:5 . G + : ad /" ]
{B$ "} [5NP8 $ (5N6L95MFO) ! $ . * E = - 1;"
^$8 "

/
{" "
, &}
:/-ad/
? D
" E# !
3

;/ %
dextrad. toward the right side.

A

! "
anconad. [Gr. ankōn elbow + L. ad toward] toward the elbow or
olecranon.
0$ " :*
G
.1Y ! " F> '

orad. [ora- + -ad] toward the mouth.
.E" : L F> '
١٤٩ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
cephalad. in a direction toward the head. opposed to caudad.

#*
.[([ :" 8 .) 9.: ] /caudad/ _ .(' 8 .) 7
V +
%7 " #* :

sternad. In a direction toward the sternum.
M '
K R
entoectad [G. entos, within, + ektos, without, + L. ad, to] From within
outward.
A
, @0 ,
P
frontad. Toward the front.
. 4. * " :F4
'! 1" '

:=# J ; ;

-ia
>$"
[D -] [ C* >
3 X .(%) :
1 "
; .5
> +< adenalgia (= adenodynia) [D -] ! \ % > +< achillodynia
+< enteroplegia (= adynamic ileus) ([D -] !W S

& =) [D -] J"
$ 1 >
:'( /"
#: <.$ 1"
X< pneumonia [D-] E
" >
W 6$ [4
'( /" #:4. 2 "

.*J" < " _ . , * $ X< hysteria [D -]
phobia [D -] , > +< diphtheria [D -] G
2 > :7 '& <

> +< schizophrenia [D -] ,
% 0 > +< polydipsia [D-] e -
> +<
paresthesia (= paraesthesia) [D -]
: > +< ataxia (= ataxy) [D -] B
$
[D -] (./
% )
O? 1 * > +< plegia [D -]
> +<
" :O? 1 *"
$

&
> !#
+< aphasia [D -] [<
1 . :1]
1 . > +< acampsia

:'( <.$ 1" < ." P * .(,) .< hemophilia [D -]
+<" "
P
* :Acetabularia > +< < " P
* :Absidia [D-] 1 . "
$ A
>

$7 : c$ <. :Wistaria O " X$ > +< "$ I
1 " 2"
[ A"
+
@-
;] .-ism C $
> .< [-$"] !" *$ _. G$7 E-&

0
12 / .(
/ ١٥٠
"

,(,- +(!

% =
($ -
1
=) DO-$ *
D 1 Q%

; +" /"
[D@N
: @ ) < "" < ." %

0+Q :
1" C * ; .6
V "

&$ 0
3 :Cryptogamia [D-] <

% > (. $"
$ 7 /" = +3 %"
8
$ " <
"" 3

:Mammalia [D -] <- @" > +< -= " <

%
."

" /
-
C*) /" +
@-
;] .<
" (-ius :%

[(-ios % "

/ -

C * )
/.
2 " 1 6 ' Q %

1
; .8
> < ganglia (plural of ganglion) [D -] [ >
:] >
> -ion : 1;"
2 /"
[
@$ * :] , @"$ * > -ium :1 ;" /. .
.< bacteria (plural of bacterium) [D-]
:-ia
+8 3
D " E# !

;/ %
achillodynia. Pain due to inflammation of the bursa between the

calcaneus and the tendo achillis (achillobursitis).
8 . "
! . ["
$*" ": C .[

>$"
["$ * [4 " & ,* Q

,
:G! 6' !

. DI ' 1 E:") tendo achillis 2 $
$ " [>$ (, >R
)
.(tendo calcaneus !. "
adenalgia. [aden- + -algia] pain in a gland; called also adenodynia.
-"$ "
.adenodynia :3
. O- F !0 P= ,
:&
4 K N >
enteroplegia. [entero- + -plegia] adynamic ileus.
.(adynamic ileus !W S

& =) B / =

adynamic ileus, ileus resulting from inhibition of bowel motility, which
may be produced by numerous causes, most frequently by peritonitis.
١٥١ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
& K E:" +J" $= A

& :M =
.@ & ,*
> ! #

S Z
J" 3
: -"$ " %" 1
.D& $@
G 8 [ 4 " $ . O- -& [.
.adynamic ileus
pneumonia. inflammation of the lung with consolidation.
.-=% 8 [4 " :I
. [
%
"
6$" M ! ( G
>
phobia (fō′bē-ă) [G. phobos, fear + -ia]. Any objectively unfounded
morbid dread or fear that arouses a state of panic. The word is used as a
combining form in many terms expressing the object that inspires the
fear.
$ @ (P" 8
. $ - ) P̀ P1 ) P ! 5 I $
3 2 T7 0 E
= :#
?
A
& $ .8 O$ @ <
% !0 N M % " 1 .C 4" D
.3 2" $ @ E:" ! "
polydipsia [poly- + dipsia] chronic excessive thirst.
.
7
A$ c

A & :O
$
ataxia. an inability to coordinate the muscles in the execution of
voluntary movement. Called also ataxy, dyssynergia, and incoordination.
. -"$( $ 7 2 </
* ( / I" . G
1 " ' & O$ - "
, - & :<
> "
:(G 1 1 " ,- &
/") G +dyssynergia :$7g +ataxy :< 0-"$ "
" 2
.incoordination
acampsia. [a- + Gr. kamptein to bend + -ia] rigidity or inflexibility of a
part or of a joint.
7 *
.)8 % $ , - &
%
:>-9+
'
:=# 6
;
-al
. G > :

;
.5
adnexal (= annexal) <
8 > *
" " [
, * . > '( [
4 " > A# 0> '" +< abdominal $ A
1 +<
= /
gonococcal conjunctivitis (! 1" " 4 " =) 8."
[ <"$ B

0
12 / .(
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,(,- +(!

<- . E

4 " > < (= blennorrheal conjunctivitis)
W 6$ [
)8 1 E:" : % 2 ) + . ,
1 +< streptococcal pneumonia
.(stem) G
1"
.6
[
1 " )
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O- & 0 1 Q % ! X< withdrawal ([
1
.!5 ; !5 1 $ 0
C : >-) E D. $ =
> 7

'& -
1 "
; .(%) (5: .8
.(,) [- - J" aldehyde
O$ %
M
% 4 _$ ] < butanal .

'& = -
1 "
;

butyral "$ . > (acetal)
+/ E D. $
[ ] .< barbital .$ . > ^ "8
O@ " '& = -
1"
;
(6 .<

:/-al/ D " E# !
3

;/ %
adnexal. relating to the adnexa. Called also annexal.

EH G!+"
.annexal :$" . >
abdominal. Relating to the abdomen.
.14 "
gonococcal conjunctivitis, a severe form caused by infection with
gonococci. Called also gonorrheal conjunctivitis, blennorrheal c. and
gonoblennorrhea.
"
-
:
" " G
[4 " - ! A# 0 '

[
4 ") gonorrheal conjunctivitis :<0-"$ " .8." <"$ .
^
& ,*
" [ 4 ") blennorrheal conjunctivitis ( 8." <"$
. "

.(!= /1" "
[4 ") gonoblennorrhea (!= /1"
streptococcal pneumonia, pneumonia due to Streptococcus pyogenes.
. 8
> R" & ,
* E
"
" :-
I
W 6$ [4 M ! ( G
>
١٥٣ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
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3

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,
:=# .
;
-ize
" ( 2 - ) 1 . <
!0 D/ % - *

M 6%

;
PÀM :-8 .5 :baptize >) 1 $ " /" G * Y"
$A 7 < 2 -
3 !0 )2-"ٕ 6A2" #$ 4A 7D" $ (. )I ) " !0 D/ A
* )* .6 × D* ` B.% .5 :barbarize > < $ ` $4̀A .6 .1 "
XB % " ^ IY" [" *" "N 1" $A. , 8 .5 :catechize > <
(< $A. .V" [* 1 .6 $A" #:4. -" 8 :%2.
-8
0 Q% 1 <

% '( /-ize/ /" 3 I * Y"
+7 !0
" . , (transitive verbs)
% I '
$8 % % '
" : ]" " ! "
-
:fossilize > < G .6 × D >" $D" )* X($D" ) G` .5 :actualize >)
> < sterilize [D -] , 8 > < $ * X$ 1 .6 × $ * ` X$ ` .5
D% ! I +'( -8 . $ 8M 8 " +(< Americanize $ N
$ ? X
Q$ «%» :^$ 1 .5 :dramatize > < computerize [
1 >) "'& D/
("$") B% .6 × $1 $A. $% $.̀ «,» !$1 [> !0
> < . D 6> D;-* CI X<"-$" % 8 X--8 :itemize > < .@
D;-.) < $. O$"- <.$. -7 «%» :@ +$A. -7
` X$A :motorize
.$. (- *" O ) -7 «,» .(V ( 2" < .$&
< $. O$"- < `

J" _. !0 + & ) 63,
" +(< <"$1. -7 ` «1» .(" _"$FJ)

:terrorize > < hospitalize ' 1 " 2- >) (!= 6- ."
$ % - -8
"
.6 !6.$4 $ ` CI2 : M X .5 :galvanize > < T8$ X[ $
:simonize > < oxidize [D -] - 1 N > < !6 .$4 - %. $ @ ) .̀
% (.V( O$1" 7 ") '4 ` :winterize > < # C. %
+DO-& (intransitive) 7; + 0 &
* /" #:4. DI Q% .(< "

0
12 / .(
/ ١٥٤
"

,(,- +(!

+(< crystallize [D -] $ . >) $ =M '& = - +S"
8 2"
!0 $D" M $@
C0"- .6 (?A2 &) $: .5 :apologize >) 1= " " %
A
XD >/2
` ` $ 1̀ .5 :moralize > < ([ " ,/ " G $A )
N
A1 )I2 >/2 ` % )& !I «%» .6 D>/2
` D1$- h$2 1
! 0 #$A" 2 & $ .̀ .8 × !
` >/2J" L 1" C 0$ «,» . >/2J"
` , "
+(< , .6 × -̀. 1 .5 :tyrannize > < >/2J"
` 6 1" G/ 2J"
'& $ :31 :philosophize > < economize $0̀ X-% >) A
+/-ise/ D I .(< < $ D `$ C I :theorize > < 1/" $A
./-ization/ +/-ist/ +/-ism/ C $ > . %2. A$.
:=# . +
;
-ization
/-ize/ "
/"
R/ @
N
1"
. $
;
! G "

+(/-ion/ /-ate/ : /" N . $ ; ) /-ation/ 1;"
/"

- )
& % (action)
& :
% (state)
(process) (R
*
+< catheterization [D -]
O$ A @> > +< Arabization [D -] [$ > (result)
.< immunization [D-]
% XC >

:=# 6 +
;
-ics
% !0 0 C [ ;
-$ "
M $ " !0 1 4 C * ,1"

B [-$ " %
M
!0 0 C DO-& [
$ " !0
] .5 : +C *"
3
4 3 3
> +< optics [D-] I 3
>
1 $
O$ 4
0$
1" $ -

pediatrics (= [D -] A = A > +< linguistics <
J" [ 1 8" X
1 8
[-$ " M
F % % !0 0 C DO-& [ $ " !0 ] .6 .< pediatry)
١٥٥ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
$ " ! 0

[ ] .8 .< economics [D -] <
% > ;" > R
-
.
* 4

[D -]
O$ 1 >
O7 8
A %
&
[C *" %
M
! 0 0 C DO- &

$ " !0
[ ] .D .< gymnastics [D -]
I
& $
> +< hysterics

>
O7 8 $ "
& % S %
! 0 0 C DO- &
% < 6 %2 [C *" M
+< mechanics [D -] " > +< acoustics [D -] < 1 " X&
1Y"

:/" .5
N
1 "
. $
;
] .< phonetics [D -] < %
" >
-/ :
1;"
" C *"

; $ ! X/-s/ :C *"

; .6 + /-ic/
" ' & @ X(/-ikos/ -
C * ! ! ") /ika
C *"
1

= /mathematics/ = /mathēmatika/ :, 1;" $ : +/-ika/ .
2 "

[/<I$" 8 /

+8 3
:/-ics/
D " E# !
%
;/ $
optics [Gr. optikos of or for sight] the science of light and of vision.
. N$" 3
:B !
= I
3
pediatrics. SYN pediatry; the medical specialty concerned with the study
and treatment of children in health and disease during development from
birth through adolescence.
$ 8 !0 AJ"
* $-. ' !W .8A S=%2 : % / G 4
_ " %" 1"
-"$ "
.pediatry :3 .("
$") C " 8 1 '( O -;
,4 6 @
"
hysterics. popular term for an uncontrollable emotional outburst.
'& ;- !W 8 & B
A
$:8 !5 " h
.)A. I % :>-+
C
gymnastics. [Gr. gymnastikos pertaining to athletics] systematic
muscular exercise.
.!W * 4 !W I
$ :>
3
& # A

acoustics. the science of sounds.
%J 3
:
.<"
+ +K
L
#

0
12 / .(
/ ١٥٦
"

,(,- +(!

%1
E# > ; : 97

: : C! 5(suffixed combining form)
; ;
:=# A
-ectomize
1 +9" $* P$
%

9+
:
0

N
M
%

1 +4- !0 C 1= . . % =
!0 ? 1 " I ." '& - $ : *
"
.L$ 2 G $ A. $ " (3/ Y" ) [$ 2 " '& D I - < A % "
2 =" %
[D -] ? 1 > 9+
? @ M 8 #: < * $
%"

? 1 > +< hypophysectomize
P $
< adrenalectomize [D -] " %
$ D . 4. $ 3
[ 2
.< sympathectomize [V ] ! 7 < - >
X 7(
" XT A > " X< -
* % 6 1"
) /-ectomy/ : . 1" N" M
%" 8
.6

P , + ? 1 : 0 X(C> X$ .Xh"$2 1"
CA %

)
CA
+/-ectom(y)/ "
N " M
%"
8 .5 : $ % & [
$ $
% & ]
! " +/-ize/ /" .6 + (!
` 67 * %6 1") TA > " % 6 1 " : ! "
. ,
:," ' " DO- -8 0 Q % 1 <% '( 3 I
% %6 1;" E$ * :/-ectomize/ [ $ " $ % ' 0 XE$ *
"
E$ * :# /nephrectomize/ " :D/@ XC A % % ? 1 % T
A > ;"
[ " % ? 1 % "
% 6 1"
:/-ectomize/ " E# !3

%1

;/ %
hypophysectomize. To remove the hypophysis cerebri.

, "4

9+

adrenalectomize. to excise one or both adrenal glands.
.4 $
" - M" ? 1 : Q
L-( %
9+

١٥٧ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
sympathectomize. to subject to sympathectomy.

* ; ) I
h A
.! 2 :[V ] &
! K P

;
:=# 6+
-ectomy
$*"
+!= " UQ8 % ( +8 :
1 "

$ : *

? 1 " I =
C 1= . .C A %
" ." '& - $ : * 1
"
% (3/ Y" ) [$ 2 " '& DI - < A % " !0 1 +4- !0

[D -] 2 =" %6 1" > ( + ' ( < * $ .L$ 2 $ A. $ "
G
[D-] O - 6"7 " % G
" CI
6 1" . > +< hypophysectomy (= pituitectomy)
$ " T A > " .6 [D -] E
E $ " %6 1" .5 > +< hernioappendectomy

> +< sclerectomy [V ] . % = " %
6 1 " > +< esophagectomy [V ]
[D -] " % " %
6 1 " > +< stapedectomy [V ] , 6 1 "
> +< hemicolectomy [D -] B >" 3 % %6 1" > +< adrenalectomy

> +< 18" 3 % %6 1" :hemiglossectomy [D -] 18" G 8 %
6 1 "
([V ] "
A % 6 1 " =) [V ] != "
" %6 1 "
3 % :D A > ! " CA
> ") U Q < syndectomy ( = peritectomy)
[D -] $ 4. J" T A > " > +< sympathectomy [V ] ! 7 " T A > " > ()
< cysticolithectomy [D -] O$"$ " Y@
O> O% > 30 < aortectomy
h" h"$2 1" > P,
$ 2 1 " > +< cystolithectomy [D -] @ " O % +
!W 8 !W I $ . > < lithectomy (= lithotomy) [D -] O

%

-/ :DI $" .< odontectomy [D -] 8 8 1 <3* > P H < hemipelvectomy
excision : ! " /ectomy/ O$ " ] ./tomy

N
M %
/ektomē/ "
O:2 ? ! +([V ] TA > ") resection % (%
6 1 ")

0
12 / .(
/ ١٥٨
"

,(,- +(!

+(
%
6 1 ") excision % (
%6 1" < - *) a cutting out =
/" X( 7 X % ? 1 X %
XCA
) to cut out = /ektemnein/
+ {( " ) h$ 2 } out of : ! " /ec-/ .1" .5 +/-ectomia/ @- "
" 8 = /-tomia/ 1;"
N "
M %" "
N "
M %"
8 .6
.5 +" +/-tomia/ @- " /" O:2 ) /-tomy/ 1;"
?"

.6 + ( G W
C I
.) incision % (< -
*) cutting = /tomē/ % /-tomos/
% state) : ! " -y : 1;"
/" = /-ia/ 1;" /"
[(condition
:/-ectomy/

%1
" E# !3

;/ %
hypophysectomy [hypophysis + -ectomy] Excision or destruction of the

hypophysis (pituitary gland) by means of craniotomy or stereotaxy.
Called also pituitectomy.
A "
1 . 4. $ 2 3 K8 A
1 . 2 =" %
6 1 " :
, "4
( +

.pituitectomy :3 -"$ " I
.!8 1* " C
" "$*

hernioappendectomy. herniotomy combined with appendectomy.
. $ " ? :? ! .-
( ) !*
" 3 % 63
( +
.6 /hernio-/ $ % .5 /hernioappendectomy/
"
. $ " %6 1") /appendectomy/
" !0 /hernio-/ $ % "ٕ .(O- 6"7"
"
0 ! . +(G " CI
Z .) /herniotomy/ " 8@ /hernioappendectomy/
! .$ " ." ) /O- 6"7"
%6 1" G
" C I ./ $ /C I ./
" ! 0 -$"
" /-tomy/ $ % . (/hernioappendectomy/
"
" ! 0 -$" " /-ectomy/ $ % "
. ; +(G " C I .) /herniotomy/
G " C I ./ $ / %6 1"/ " "ٕ 5/hernioappendectomy/
١٥٩ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
. ! " ! (/hernioappendectomy/ !.$ "

."

) /O- 6"7 %

6 1"

. /hernioappendectomy/ " !0 -$"
{}
" /-ectomy/ $ % "

esophagectomy. [esophagus + -ectomy] excision of part (partial) or all
(total) of the esophagus.
.(!= 67 *"
E$ " % 6 1 ") E$ "
7 * % 6 1 " .[V ] E$ TA > " .5
.(,= " E$ " .6
6 1 ") 3 E$ "
% 6 1 " .[D-] BI
% ( +

sclerectomy. [sclero- + ectomy] excision of the sclera.
.
4
( +

stapedectomy. [stapes + -ectomy] excision of the stapes.
K
.#Q
( +

adrenalectomy. [adrenal + -ectomy] excision of one (unilateral
adrenalectomy) or both (bilateral adrenalectomy) adrenal glands; called
also suprarenalectomy.
*" $ O - F %6 1" : Q ( +
([ - "
" % 6 1 ") O- " $
-"$ " != 6=@" $ %6 1"
" - M"
:3 .([*" 6 1 ") $
" %
.suprarenalectomy
hemicolectomy. [hemi- + colectomy] removal of the right or left side of
the colon ; excision of approximately half of the colon.
* " %
X " $ 1 J" J" [ " ( +
6 1 " :A!! 2
% %6 1"
.D.$ " 3
hemiglossectomy [hemi- + glossectomy] surgical removal of one-half of
the tongue.
% != "
.18" 3 $*"
=
*
%
6 1;"
:A+ ( +

sympathectomy [sympathetic + -ectomy] the transection or other
interruption of any part of the sympathetic nervous pathways; excision
of a segment of a sympathetic nerve or of one or more sympathetic
ganglia.
X -8" " .1= " 7 * E
.% 8 J $ 2a > WA> .[V ] &

CA ! K U Q
.$@ O - "
-8 O - & %6 1" E 5 -8 [ % > %6 1"
& A

0
12 / .(
/ ١٦٠
"

,(,- +(!

syndectomy. excision of a ring of conjunctiva behind the limbus,

followed by cauterization of the trench thus made. Called also
peritectomy.
,̀@ +3 " 3
2 "
% 6 1 " .[V ] 4

( +

: "
A C A -"$ "
> :3 J" !
. %6 1;" ": & ,* " -- 2 `
.peritectomy
aortectomy. [aorta + -ectomy] excision of part of the aorta.
.$ 4. J" 7 * % Q
6 1 " : / U
cysticolithectomy. [cysti- + lithectomy] removal of a calculus from the
cystic duct.
. $"$ "
O" O% T7 :-
30
-" Q -

cystolithectomy. [cysto- + lithectomy] removal of a calculus from the
urinary bladder;
. @" P, +
T7 : " ; -
O%

lithectomy. SYN lithotomy.
-"$ " P, +
.lithotomy :3 $ " :-

lithotomy [litho- + -tomy] cutting for stone; a cutting operation for the
removal of a calculus, especially a vesical calculus. Called also
lithectomy.
% T7 C I
+O . & XO
% * (G
= ") CI
." P, +
:-

.lithectomy :3 -"$ "
. @" 2.
%
hemipelvectomy. amputation of a lower limb through the sacroiliac joint.
.!8 >$ " 8 7 * "
E 1= " 0$ A" - $ . :M = M 3! >
% "
odontectomy [odont- + -ectomy] excision or removal of a tooth; tooth
extraction.
8 1" C> X1J" - T7 % %
.8 P H
6 1 " :A +
١٦١ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!

:A!= ;
-form
). +": '& +": . :

N
M %
M
%"
8 #:4. 2 "

. $ "

" < *$ E) =
1 :'( <
R * $ +
> +< ansiform (= ansate) [D -] " E =
> ( " + [1 :? @
[D -] " != 1 > +< aciniform (= acinous) [D -] " $ . &

arciform [D -] P
X " != 1 > > +< apoplectiform (= apoplectoid)
). < paraplegiform [D -] !8 =1" .
). > . ). < (= arcuate)

2 "

. $ "

< " _ . , * $ X< curariform [D-] " ). >
+< cuneiform [D -] $ 1( > [1 " ,1;" :M
% . '( M
%"
8 #:4.
:$ " ./-oid/ /
O$ < falciform (= falcate) [D -] $ * >

1
1 $ 0] ./-morphous/ +/morpho-/
-/ 'A 1$ " X
; 'A
1 "
[(
) /shape/ % /form/ = /forma/ +/-formis/ /" +/forme
:/-form/

%1
" E# !3

;/ %
ansiform. SYN ansate; loop-shaped; in the shape of a loop.

-"$ "
.ansate :3 I
. = 4 ! #
aciniform. [acini + form] SYN acinous; shaped like an acinus, or grape.
+ . " . )
.[ " . : : =
4
" #

apoplectiform. SYN apoplectoid; resembling apoplexy.
-"$ "
.apoplectoid :3 4 +
. 1 .
). : =
arciform. [L. arcus bow + form] SYN arcuate; bow-shaped.
-"$ "
.arcuate :3 .P > '& :. 4 + ! Q
> ! L =
paraplegiform. resembling paraplegia.
. % +
4 = > =
F

curariform. resembling curare.

0
12 / .(
/ ١٦٢
"

,(,- +(!

. ! =
F

cuneiform. [cuneus + form] shaped like a wedge.
. 1Y
" . ). : :14 "
%+H

falciform. [falx + form] SYN falcate; shaped like a sickle.
-"$ "
.falcate :3
. " != * X* " . ). : :14 ' "
:A!= ! I ;
-odont
A " ) A"+: : (

%
)
%

N
M
%
> +< diphyodont [D -] 1 " !W 6@ > (!= 6- ."
$ %
"

#- -8 E:" -- "

+< lophodont [D -] 1 J" $ &7 > > +< heterodont [D -] 1 J" $ M
selenodont [D -] 1 >
J" $ f > +< microdont [D -] 1 J" $ M%

+/odont-/ ! N "
4 M %) /odous/ " ] ./-odus/ C $> .<
[W 1 = tooth = (/odontos/ ! 4 0IY"

-/ " E# !3
%

%1

;/ $
:/odont
diphyodont. [di- + Gr. phyein to produce + odous tooth] having two
dentitions, a deciduous and a permanent, as in humans.
! 0 +, 6"- "
1 " A>" 1 "
+ M (
"
1 : + 1 " :A

";
.1Y"
heterodont. [heter- + Gr. odous tooth] having teeth of different types,
such as incisors and molars.
" : @ +AJ"
2 1 : :A" +
. $ J" CA" /

microdont. [micro- + Gr. odous tooth] having an abnormally small tooth
or teeth.
.A
$ F -5 '( O$ M %
.!5 1 % 5 1 : :A" +
/

١٦٣ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

!
6 =
<

. V 7
* Y"
< A
% "
3 $ .>
I ' " K <
4 )

F%

FH G! 4
F
intraocular ……………………the "
eye 2"-
abdominal ………….. to the !W A
.
abdomen
acoustics the ……………. of 3
:<

1"
sounds
%J"
<"
adenalgia ……………….. in a \ %
!
gland
. G

8
adnexal ……………. to the <
adnexa
aortectomy excision of …… of the
aorta
> "
$ 4. J" TA
……….. of a calculus O$"$ " 7(
O> O%
"
cysticolithectomy
from the cystic duct
. V 7
* Y"
< A
% "
3 $ .#
I ' " K <
4 )

F%

FH G! 4
F
dextrad …………… the right side "

endarteritis inflammation of the . [4 "
$ 8 " A
……… of an artery
endaural ………… the ear -
: J" 2"
endoabdominal within the …………. A
."
2"-
endoneural within a …………… [ %
" I

0
12 / .(
/ ١٦٤
"

,(,- +(!

I ' " K <

4 )

F%

FH G! 4
F
exoerythrocytic …………….. the $" $ " h$ 2
"
erythrocyte
endoepithelial within the ………………. 8 I
O$ 4"

. V 7
* Y"
< A
% "
3 $ .D
I ' " K <
4 )

F%

FH G! 4
F
intravital occurring ……….. life O "
@
orad …………… the mouth ,"
paraplegiform …………… paraplegia !8 1= " .
).

"
W 6$ [4
pneumonia ……………… of the lung E
with consolidation
……………… of the sclera .%
= " %
6 1 "
sclerectomy
endoepidermal ……………. the epidermis O$ ."

I
……………… of the stapes $"
[ 8 %
6 1 "
stapedectomy
. V 7
* Y"
< A
% "
3 $ .
I ' " K <
4 )

F%

FH G! 4
F
extracranial …………….. the cranium 3 "
h$ 2

hypophysectomize to ……… the hypophysis 2 =" %
? 1
cerebri
inoperable …... suitable to be " .> $ F
$ *
operated upon
intracellular ………. a cell 2" -
2"
intranatal occurring ………. birth O -;
" @
١٦٥ (=
=1
%& )

B
C :
(E

1E & : ' (I
3

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I ' " K <

4 )

F%

FH G! 4
F
intraoperative occurring ………… the "
@
course of a surgical
operation
intravaginal within the …………….. .4 "
2"-
G! ? )$ E:" E * Y"

= 7 B A
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caused by infection
$ " & ,*
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……………………. 8."

an inability to B
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an instrument for !W 2"
- $

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……………………. -

= $ "
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glands
……………………. [ *"
!= 6=@"
excision or removal of 8 1" C>
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a tooth; tooth
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of a blood vessel

…………. J
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mucous membrane of the "
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process and nearby 2"

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not active 0 $ F X
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the medical specialty A
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concerned with the study
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the quality or state of " .>
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FH G! 4
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intraocular “within” the eye "
2"-
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.
the “science” of sounds %J" ,& :<
<"
1"
acoustics

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> "
$ 4. J" TA
cysticolithectomy “removal” of a calculus O$"$ " 7(
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F%

FH G! 4
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dextrad “toward” the right side "

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“intima” of an artery
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: J" 2"
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."
2"-
endoneural within a “nerve” [ %
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O$ 4"

١٧٣ (=
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FH G! 4
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intravital occurring “during” life O "
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paraplegiform “resembling” paraplegia !8 1= " .
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pneumonia “inflammation” of the lung E
with consolidation
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= " %
6 1 "
sclerectomy
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I
“excision” of the stapes $"
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stapedectomy

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F%

FH G! 4
F
extracranial “outside” the cranium 3 "
h$ 2

hypophysectomize to “remove” the hypophysis 2 =" %
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inoperable “not” suitable to be operated " .> $ F
$ *
upon
intracellular “within” a cell 2" -
2"
intranatal occurring “during” birth O -;
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2"-

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F
" " [4
a form of conjunctivitis ,*
"
gonococcal
conjunctivitis caused by infection
with gonococci 8."
<"$ " B
ataxia an inability to B
$
coordinate the muscles
in the execution of
voluntary movement
endoscope an instrument for !W 2"
- $

examination of the
interior of a cavity or
hollow viscus
chronic excessive thirst e
-

polydipsia
total excision of all of the $ " %6 1"

,= " E
esophagectomy esophagus
bilateral excision of both !6=@" $ " %6 1"
=
adrenalectomy adrenal glands
[ *"

odontectomy excision or removal of 8 1" C>
8
a tooth; tooth
extraction
entoectad from within outward h$ 2" - "
'( 2"

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F%
4
F
ectoentad from without inward - h$ 2"
2"
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(P #* 8 .) D`1
$
head. opposed to caudad
&"
A. [4
endangiitis inflammation of the intima
of a blood vessel "
١٧٥ (=
=1
%& )

B
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1E & : ' (I
3

!
I ' " K <

4 )

F%
4
F
endophlebitis inflammation of the intima - $"
of a vein A. [4 "
endocolitis inflammation of the mucous " A
. [4
membrane of the colon "
exocolitis inflammation of the outer
" $ [4
coat of the colon "
extramastoiditis inflammation of the outer 2"

$ [4
surface of the mastoid "
process and nearby tissues
inacidity lack of normal acidity I
"
- 0
3
I ' " K <
4 )

F%
4
F
inactive not active 0 $ F X
A
&

intraoperative occurring during the course "
@
of a surgical operation
extravisual outside the field of vision, or N$"
= G A h$ 2
beyond the visible spectrum
ectad outward; the reverse of "
$
inward
exocrine secreting outwardly, via a 7"$ 0 Y" != * $ 2
duct
falciform shaped like a sickle !W *
endoderm the innermost of the three ." ,- J"
A
primary germ layers of the
embryo
intubation the insertion of a tube into a [.
body canal or cavity

0
12 / .(
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F%
4
F
pediatrics the medical specialty A
J" [ = A
concerned with the study
and treatment of children in
health and disease during
development from birth
through adolescence
partial excision of part of the $ " %6 1"
E
esophagectomy esophagus
!= 67 *"

operability the quality or state of being " .>
$ *"
operable
sympathectomize to subject to sympathectomy -8"
E CA
intrafebrile occurring during the febrile ' "
stage of a disease @
excision of one adrenal
%
6 1 "
unilateral
adrenalectomy gland
[ *" - "

endocyclic within a cycle or ring "
I

$
. +h +[.D .%.8 .h +[.6 .h +.5
&
. +- +h +[.F . +- +h.D .h +[ +.8 .- +h.6 . + +h.5

? >
Suffixes

? >
Suffixes
.8@) /fasten under/ : + /"

<

(8) /suffix/

/under/ ! ! " +/sub/ /" .1 " /b/ 3 $ "
] .(<
G %
%
[/f/ 3 $" '( (is softened) ) 2 , +(< )

&
* 3
$ : " 4
!0 3
I
& .(suffix) 8
$
%
:@ +L$2 Q % !0 3
7 * 4 !0 4 I
3$ "

{}
. /talking/ $ /-ing/ +/quickly/ $ /-ly/
4 ' ( 3

I
3$ "

&
* 3
$ .(suffix) 8
;- +$@ " !0 + 3 2 'D <":

O - - * T"-
.;
($ : *"
'& - )
!i +D/@ .(root word’s function) $ : *"
" !0 $ M '&
" * '( $I" M% !0 !8 8" " 1 '( /-ed/ /" 0I(
G
.< talk + -ed = talked > !I" 7" !0
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1 ! " <

" _ . /

3
1
" : @ +/-al/ /-ic/ /" E +(!` * .) “biolog/ic/al“
./-al/ /-ic/ /" DI E +(!` * 1 ) “psycholog/ic/al“
@ 4 46

C G " _. ! ]" - *" !0 -$
" 3
1

./" 1 3 ! %
? !
> C " D
$ .$ 4 ) electrical ' ( [
1
G -al, -ic, -ous, -
" ac, -eal, -ar, -
thermal +(!6 .$ 4 (pertaining to) adjective ) ary, -ory
`
mucous +(! $"$ ) (suffixes
auditory +($ 2 )
A
($ 1 )
(Y ) amylase $ ) [ ;] YA

; -ase
1
1 "
(<7 Y" noun )
(enzyme) ,7 ( (suffix
S
) hypoglycemia

;
-ia, -y
diathermy +(7 " $ 1 +(condition)

1 "
$"$ :
()
& R
(!
-
(process)
% 2 "
;

1
( .A
? " [ ) dentist !W % -ist

(S W 2 )
1 "
+(specialist)
[
.A
[

4 "
;
4 ") laryngitis [
-itis
(O$ * (inflammation)
1 "
). ) $ . ] cuboid

). +
).

; -oid
spheroid +[([ . (resembling) adjective )

١٨١ FE EE E E : '(
E E E
, 3

!
!
> 3 %
? !
> C
" D
( " ! ) /. . -> (suffix
! :.$"
[

A
] verbose 3 + . $ 2"

%

7 ;
-ose, -ous

gracious +[($
* I ) (full of) .
1 . ,
1 ,
$ )
(P " 1 G :̀"
) $ 2 ." -osis, -iasis, -
] halitosis ! 0
O: )
G " ism
+[ (P
1 "
" (O$ @ "
hypothyroidism condition ] noun )
( >$ - " $
% >) (often (suffixes
J
+[abnormal)
! $
5Y,: *! ! ! '
+! - ! *
A# > %
> !

:X G
G+
7#
-able, -ible, -ble, -al, -ic, -ate, -ous, -ac, -ase, -ia, -itides, -itis, -ode, -
oid, -ose, -osis, -iasis, -ism.
-able
. $ ! +'(

6 + B

A % +
.> :

;

!0 - * +(O : X$- > .6 CA 1 X-
$
<

> .5) able " ' .
[D -]
@ [D -] =@
.> > Q :'( < * $ + /" 1 .

.> > +< compensable [D -] I
,
.> > +< assimilable

fissionable [D -] $
A X$ A
.> > +< educable (=educatable) [D-]

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[D -] P % > B

= B
% < operable [D -] "$*
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4 1 > +< degradable [D -]
$ - X $= - " 4 1 > 4 1 < respirable
< measurable [D -] P " > < friable [D -] < =
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T$ "
" '( /" #: < *$ X< saturable [D -] )& . ( >
J.

$ . X J. #N$ . '* $ > A0 . $ !0 4*
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, * $ , +< urinable [D-] .. ^$ A > +< radiocurable [D-]
!. T$ I
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* E:" /" #:4. G8 "
O$. .$" M" C * $"$ D0/2 +4*
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< * $
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$ . > +< acidifiable [D-] _
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:7 '& O-" .$& '( /" #:4.
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> <
< * $ X<
[D -] P

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- * :laudable [D -] -
> ! %
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X
> +< palpable
IZ. <
0 % Q% (a highly productive suffix) * Y" & /

!8
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.> .5 :teachable > % E 8 (stems) (G1 ) 1
[V ] !8 0"$F " $

.> > +< ) (T I
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1 $ " 'A * ( ] ./-ible/ +/-ble/ D I .< photographable
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2
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- -=
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.> > Q :' ( < * $
% > B % < tingible [D-] Q. A %
B

.> > +< distensible [D-]
> +< accessible [D -] ( " 41) $81 > 41 < edible [D -] ? 3

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. $ "

< " _

. , * $ X< fusible [D -] $4% " 4 1
> +< audible [D-]
T 1 > ! % :7 '& O-" . $& '( /"
XP
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[D -] !W 6$ > +< perceptible [V ]
$ - > +< sensible [D -] P
1
$
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X
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[D -] [
1 > +< digestible [D -] ,
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[D -] E$ 1 > +< miscible [D -] h
7 Xh7
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[{/-ble/ =} /-bilis/ .6 + {(thematic vowel) !W > 1 <
6% } /-ī-/ %
-ble
b-. !0 <- * X< soluble , 7 " > /-able/ " /
2
M
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< nephric (= renal) [D-] ! 3 > (. G
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< alcoholic [D-] $ > E# !@ !: 5A * !: 5 *
M = > .(,)
%2. W
[D-] $ . _ > % <": <. $ _ 1 !0
.< oleic acid [D-] 6? _ > +< boric acid

G
> < ( A D ) D. . D-. :nostalgic > & 7
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1 P=
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sulfuric acid [D -] $ 1 _
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١٨٥ FE EE E E : '(
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inflammation of the O - 6"7"
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relating to the liver W -.

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G =2
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N

- ( -genesis
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= A> !4 +(production)
1"

) biogenesis

(EW
+(formation)
+
- = ) sporogenesis 4! *
> 4,
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٢٠٩ )
/ : E E(, 3
;

N
!
> 3 ! %
? !
> C
" . 0
(
A $ 1 ) carcinogenic +(producing) R
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suffixed
R -
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(E$ 1= :form
, %
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.
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AA 2 ) cardiograph A A 2
O"- . , % -graph
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1 "
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>
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, . , % -graphy

=I
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%
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1 "
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study ) ": R .
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1 "
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= =
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$= 2

0
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> 3 %
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O"- :.
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) thermometer P
P > , %
(O$"$ instrument to )
1 "
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( 1 - 4" 3
) geometry . -metry

Q . , %
(measurement)
1 "
> -megaly
, 3
nephromegaly
. , %
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1 "

2 I
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([V ] , 3>
$ 73* ) cytopenia +(deficiency) Y
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(< , % -penia

!
H
1 "
+( " = ) neoplasia " W ) A> !4 .
!0 : , % -plasia

( - !W .$ ) plastic formation
(O$@
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+(often abnormal)
4!
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% ) pyloroplasty > +(repair) B
%
, %
([" .
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) A> !4 . , % -poiesis
(7 ($5 1
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formation (usually
on a contiuing
basis)
٢١١ )
/ : E E(, 3
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N
!
!
> 3 %
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" . 0
(
41 () diarrhea M; +(flow)

$ * . , % -rrhea
($ : $W@) otorrhea

1 "
)
$ colonoscope S
O"- :> ?
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(B> instrument to )
1 "
& (examine
1 ] stethoscope
[($ -
%" S
O"-)
S ") microscopy S
0 :>
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($ 4* 1;"
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= $ 4* " (examination)
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.
( A .
=I
G
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I +G . , %
( .4 +(constriction)
1 "

(narrowing)
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4 ) colostomy 0

: . , % -stomy
(B > formation of ) O - - *
1 "
(new opening
:!= 0$ "
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$ M 0 & R -
[B 0

0
12 / .(
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!
> 3 %
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tracheotomy G W :<> +>63 . -tomy
CI
.) , %
(' F$= ' "
] (incision)
1 "
R - :!= 0$ "

C I ." &
process of ) G 8 "
[(cutting
)
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% A> +
. , % -tripsy
(O% W
+(crushing)
1 "
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+(friction)
<
[ %
(!8 .* "
A#! ! ' - ! % 1 W

W@
A# >
%
> !
:X G
G+ : @ % 1
7# +! 5QD# & Y,
-clast, -ectomy, -ectasia, -genesis, -gen, -genic, -graph, -graphic, -
graphy, -gram, -logia, -logist, -logy, -lysis, -metric, -metrics, -meter, -
metry, -megalia, -megaly, -penia, -plasia, -plasty, -poiesis, -rhea, -
rhoea, -rrhea, -rrhoea, -scope, -scopy, -stenosis, -stomy, -tome, -tomy,
-tripsy.
-clast
$ 1 S2 .5 :
1 "

N
M
< * $ +3 %
:biblioclast [D -] [!= 1 " [ 8 ] [

= A" > [,1"] 2 X$1
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8 .5 :iconoclast > [,1"] 0
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" 3
S
2
_
$ S 8

2 .6 [-$ "] 4 1- ,
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2
٢١٣ )
/ : E E(, 3
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N
!
1 ; X[ $ 1

!
$8 2 3 <"
.6 .< [A"] 1 -"
- 3

( 2 ) [D -] 8 18 " I
> > 3 Q " .(%) :' ( < * $ +$ 1 a O"-

< odontoclast

$ B
A :amyloclast [D -] " O$ A > - =
%
[D -] 3 " j"
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()
.(,) < 7/J" '& ;- 1
P$ h" $2 1" P $ 4 D.1 < 1"
E
.
4.
O"- :cranioclast ( %)
5 > A
%" 1 > + < .). @ -. *"
( %) [D -] O
lithoclast (=
= breaker =) /-klastēs/ " ] .< . O
% G
1
O"- :lithotrite)
[($ 1 = to break =) klan +($1

-ectomy
" $%
:< %" !0 +/-ectomy/ :$& C1 @" $ "
& " P2" "
."4.$ * 4 '&
.A

@ .8
-ectasia
4 ! :
1 "

N

[D -] .4 " C 1= > 6+
gastrectasia (= [D -] O - " C1 = > +< colpectasia (= colpectasis)
- -= > 4 < ureterectasia [D -] [ " C 1= > +< gastrectasis)

$ " 7 $ . =) [D -] $ " - -= > +< chylectasia [D-] 1 " & J

[D -] [ % = W
" A > A < keratectasia (= keratoectasia) ([D -]
-
-= ) a stretching =} /ektasis/ " ] .< neurectasia (= neurotony)
[{(
A=A

.J=
C J,
C
F
(١١)
:3() G :(RG ◌ (

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1

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C Q G :3() .JG :P(I
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C J,C

0
12 / .(
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-genesis
+- - = + = :
1 "

N

" G
1 4& = - ! " "
! " R - R" - (
+ G =2
adipogenesis (= lipogenesis) [D -] , " = > A!4 :4 3 ? ! "
[D -] $ . " > A
! < gametogenesis [D -] '

2" = > +<
- >
! < amylogenesis [D -] " - = > 4! < fibrinogenesis
[D -]
= G =2
> *4, < chromogenesis [D -] B 2

EW =

> B!= " < amniogenesis [D -] ' 1 " G 2 > +< agenesis
< hallucinogenesis [D -] 1 4" R" - (
> J H < biogenesis [D -]
, * $ .< mitogenesis [D -] ! 8 " , 1 ;
R - = " R
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,/ 2 " . $" < " _ .

( > O- " .$& ' ( " #: 4.
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$ (
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[D -] - 8 > ! :
1 "

N
M % .5
" R
C - > R- < mucinogen [D -] 1 " - 8 > +< lysinogen

[D -] Q
-8 " [4
- XQ
R
4 > +< goitrogen [D -]
-8 [
. , * $ X< osteogen [D -]
_ R " 8 > 8 < encephalitogen
> & " ,1" M %"8 #:4.
%. :O-" '( M 2 "
. $ " < "
agglutinogen (= agglutogen) [D -] S W $ 1 > +< allergen [D -] h
$ ? 1
[D -] [<"
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6 > +<

+< dipsogen [D -] c
A 8 > +< carcinogen [D -] A $1 > +< antigen

? 3
% +< teratogen [D -] V
1 > +< precipitinogen [D-] [1$ 1" >

[D -] _"
$ > +< aerogen [D -] ^
$ X7 - 8 > 7
M"
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N
!
[D -] * $ > O- " ? @ $ 2]" 4 I. [$ 1" X< pathogen

1 "

N
M
% .6 .< fibrinogen [D-] * $ . 0 > +< cryogen
N
M
% .8 .< vaccinogen [D-] _ >73" $ - %
> $- % 9= " :
>

/" _ A : " ! 0 1
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born =) /-genēs/ " ] ./pro-/ :DI $" .< lactacidogen [D -]
[(-
8 XK
X[8
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=
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[D -] O$"$ " - 8 > ! :

N
M
% .5
C R
- > J < echogenic [D -] L- % -
8 > +< calorigenic
[D -] Q
-8 " [4 R
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4 > +< goitrogenic [D -]
8 > +< glucogenic [D -] Y343
8 > A! < encephalitogenic
< insulinogenic (= insulogenic) ([D -] 1 J" - 8 =) [D-] 1 J
:8 K
> K < rheumatogenic [D -] ,7 $= " [8 . 1 > [8. 1
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< " _ . , * $ X< enterotoxigenic [D-] E

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$8N > & " ,1" M %"
allergenic [D -] h %. :O-" .$ & '( M 8
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4 1 > +< agglutinogenic (= agglutogenic) [D -] S W $ 1 > +<
[D -] G
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[D -] V > +< etiogenic (= causative) [D -] [8

1
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[D -] ? " != I
$ .6 [D-] B
I"

$ .5 :traumatogenic > +< teratogenic

$
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$ XY 4 -
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M
% .6 .< pathogenic [D -] _"
$ X_
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bacteriogenic [D -] ? "
!= @$ * > 9=
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N

0
12 / .(
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iatrogenic [D -] ?

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!= .> > +<
[D -] [ . 1 " $
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N
M
% .8 .< phanerogenic
2"
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.5 3
N [

$ $
%
& ] ./-genous/ C $ > .< intragenic [D -]
-/ " /" .6 + /-gen(y)/ % /-gen/ 1
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M %"
8
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-graph
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N
M
% %
7 " AA 2 > +< cardiograph [D -] , 3> " AA 2 > , :, 1 $" 8
< * $ X< thermograph [D -] O$"$ " AA 2 > +< chronograph [D -]
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[D -] >" A > A +< pantograph [D -]
j

1 >
> *8 1 +< dromograph [D -] % " P > P +< podograph

:apexigraph [D -] " $ .1 > $.1 +< axograph [D -] $ " *8 1
[D -] !0" " , 1" $ > , 1"

$ +< 8 18 " $ : * > , * C >

O"-
cardiotocograph [D -] *"
, 3* .>$" 7 4* > .>$" 74* +< diagraph
7 4* > +< serialograph [D -] C . . $
% " 7 4* > $ % 74* +<
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%
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2 =) [D -] 68 1"
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. $
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a > +<
[D -] !W 0"$F $
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!
E:" A A2 " O$ %

= " +,
1 $ [

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.
1 $ > +< - " TI

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O$

% > >-!
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[V ] (& 1
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[D -] _ 2 "
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A 2 . G

8 > , *> .5 :

N
M
%
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N [

$ $
%
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%
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[/-graph/ .
2 1J D0"
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N
M
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%
[D -] & J" $ %
>

!
:' ( < * $ +A A2 " $ "
%
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$ % > +< angiography
< (roentgenography G.1 " !0 '& - ) radiography [D -] != & = "

[D -] L- % " AA 2 > +< cardiography [D -] , 3> " AA 2 >
,
:echography; ultrasonography (= sonography) ([D -] !W " %

AA2 =)

0
12 / .(
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[D -] , 3> " .$4 A A 2 > +< % J .
A A 2
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" $ : =) [D -] . " [" $ A I
=) [D -]
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3
% > 3% " < retrography (= mirror-writing) [D -]
a$
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< odorography [D -] B 6"$ " 3 > +< desmography [D -] A
% .$J

$ J" 3
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< dactylography [D -] < %." 1"$- > 1"$-8 " < nosography [D -]

" R . > R.
[D -] <" . > +< crystallography [D-] <"$ ." R
S
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>
:' ( M %" 8 #: <.$ 1" X< micrography [D -] E W $ 4*
< * $ .< topography [D-] 0 $" M .A > +< demography [D-] 0 $" F
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X["
$ 1 " > O-" .$& '( M%" #:4. 2 "
. $ "

< " L-(
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-y =) /-ia/ /" .6 + {([ ) to write =} /graphein/ ! " "
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-gram

AA2 ,
1 $ [

! :
1 "

N
M
% .5
> +< echogram [D -] L- % " A A2 > , :' ( < * $ +$
%
[D -] 3 A8" A A2 > +< electrocardiogram [D -] , .$ 4 A A2
3>

O$
%
> +< encephalogram [D -] Q -8 " O$
% > -! < spermiogram
] .< nephrogram [D -] " O$ % > +< laryngogram [D -] O$ *
,

1 $
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[([

٢١٩ )
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;

N
!
$
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1 "

N
M
% .6
[D -] \ ! 8 > +< kilogram [D -] \ > (7 "
.< milligram
-logia
.5
) ( $ E: " T I " $ - :
1 "

N
M
1" %
+/-logy/ : 7 * Y"
!0 $ XTI" : !0 R . +!= 6- ." $% "

(combining or connecting vowel ,5 I .) /-ology/
3 "N <6 %
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!8 . % "
7 4* , - > #$ +< osteologia (= osteology) [D -] %

2 3
=) [V ]

J , - > +< neurologia (= neurology) [D -]

% " R
. > J +< splanchnologia (= splanchnology) ([D -]
syndesmologia; syndesmology (= ([D -] % 3
=) [D -]

% (R
- ) discourse =} /logos/ " +
;] .< arthrology)
A .6 [{(R
f . > WQ :
1 "

N
M %
.) treatise
bradylogia (= bradylalia; bradyarthria; = ([D -] ,/ " @ =) [D -]
G A " A 2 > +< dyslogia [D-] G A " 2 > * " < bradyphasia)
< * $ X< hyperlogia [D -] R -= - > J4 < paralogia [D -]
: 7 '& O- " .$& '( M
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. $ "

< " L-(
tachylogia; tachylalia; logorrhea ([D-] f " T$= 1 =) [D-] " > 0

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$ $
% & ] .< (= tachyphasia; tachyphemia; tachyphrasia)
M % .8 [( I $ ) /-ia/ 1;" /" .6 + (f ) /log-/ $:*"

to =} /legō/ " +
;] . " C * :
1
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N
[{(C * ) collect

0
12 / .(
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-logist
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1 :!= % % 2;" ,8
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N
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2 " 40 +%% 2" 2" :$- %"
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> +< cytologist [D -] * 1 != %% 2 " > +< chronobiologist [V ]

!= %% 2 " > +< cytopathologist [D -] 2" * @. != %% 2 "
[D -] . % 2 " > +< histologist [D -] *
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[D -] . %
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!= %% 2 " > +< neurobiologist
nosologist [D -] _" $ J" 3 % , . !%

% 2 " > +< neurohistologist
% 2 " > +< osteologist [D -]
3
!= % R 3
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%% 2 " > +<
% 2 " - J
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7 4* " ^" ) a'
$ * > +< traumatologist [D-] ^ I $= " ^" $ * > (0 M %
[D -] * J

> < urologist [D -] !8 ."
7 4* " [ .A !8 ."
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N " M
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'! :'( M %"
8 #:
* . > +< bacteriology [D -] < @$ * , @"$ * 3
* $ . >
M
%" 8 #:4. 2 "

. $ "

.*J" < " _

. , * $ X< biology [D-]
: . $ )
:! M %"8 . . $ .$ & / . 2 '(

" ! " : " + [1 " = !& %" 8 $- %
;]
"

C * : & K ([, 1 " R N" C * ; ] 0 + [ 1;" ' ( %"

. 1 8 $ - %"
[D -] _" $ J" [ , &) <.. 1 > D1 RN C * !8 &%"
*
0$ "
> GC & .6 .< toxicology [D -] < 1 > +< etiology

#: 4. 2 " . $ " < " _ . , * $ X< tectology [D -] ."
.8 .< teleology [D -] 6M" > !8 & %" 8 $ - % "
:M
% . '( M
%"8
[D -]
& .$ > +< pentalogy [D -]
1 2 > J" N #!'

:@ +$% & @/@
N
&* :trilogy [D-] R

@ > +< tetralogy
1 $ " +-logie 'A 1 "
7* Y" ] .< "7 _"$ &
[& @/@
:word :! ! " logos .5 +" +-logia /" +-"
= -ia .6 + 3
%
:account % f :speech $ 1 :reason

[-y : 1;" /"
-lysis
[D -] !W ":
/ " > D " .5 :
1 "

N
M
%
[D-] O" / " > +< bacteriolysis [D-] , @"$ * / " > +< autolysis
O$"$ . = " > +< amylolysis [D -] = > 4 < karyolysis
I = =
-8 " "
" :biolysis [D -] !W *.
> +< pyrolysis [D -]

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٢٢
"

,(,- +(!

,7 Y . W > V < proteolysis [D-] $." = > +< <6 .

>
< litholysis [D -] '% =
> +< enzymolysis [D -]
neurolysis [D -] [ % 0 " > S> .6 .< electrolysis [D -] !W .$ 4
gastrolysis [D -] O - 0 " > +< cardiolysis [D -] , 3> 0 " > +<
< > % ; H

> H < plasmolysis [D -] .* " " >
" <
H > +< adhesiolysis (= adhesiotomy) ([D -] < >% ; < -
* =) [D -]
cololysis [D -] B > $ $ > $$ < symphysiolysis [D -] G $;
[
$= 2 > [$= 2 .8 .< epiphysiolysis [D -] % 0 > % 0 <
[D -] P $ . [ $= 2 > +< oxytalanolysis [D -] ; 1 J

$ 2 .6 [D-] [ %
[ 0 " .5 :neurolysis > [$ 2 < pancreatolysis
> < spasmolysis [D -] K = Y@ > Y @ < [D -] [ %
[D -] 1 - [
: > [ : < pyretolysis [D -] '
glossolysis (= glossoplegia) [D -] 18 > =
.D .< phacolysis
pharyngolysis (= pharyngoparalysis [D -] ,
= . > +<

W
(
. : ) /dissolution/ : ] .< pharyngoplegia)

=
[ ( W 0
/ "
= W ) /loosening/ %

"
-metric
M 8 . D
% 2 1 G 0" < % !0 - *

N
M
%

. G
P
8 > .
* > : /-meter/ 1 ;" " N"

barometric pressure [D-] E = 8 *"
AM I " > +< manometric [D-] A M I
-/ 1 %.
;" "
N "
M 8 D
2 +< (= atmospheric pressure)
calorimetric [V ] ! " P . G
*

8 > . > : /metry
٢٢٣ )
/ : E E(, 3
;

N
!
-/ " ] .< geometric W 1 -

Q
isomerism [D -] ! %
> +<
[/-ic/ /-metry/ :$" X/metrikos
-metrics
> :!= 6- ."
$ %
Q 0 # " :
1 "

N
M
#- -8 ".
" %
1"
< 8 " Y"
, & > +< biometrics (= biometry) [D -] E % , &

[D-] ' %7 <
1 > > +< econometrics > +< neurometrics [D-] .%
-/ $"] .< pharmacometrics [D-] 6" - " < 1
" > +< cephalometrics
[/-ics/ +/metric
-meter
(a O"- ). P> ) .
.5 :
1"

N
M
%
P > +< altimeter [V ] T " P
E
8 8 *"
AM I $; > [P :1]
+< metrodynamometer [D -] , $ " S = P
> +< barometer [D -]
[,
1 "] .5 :photometer > +< voltammeter [D -] $ . J" - E" P
>
< * $ X< [V ] I . S
" P
[-5
0] .6 [V ] I
" P

=
a :aerometer [D -] 0
G Y 4 " 3
@ > 2; :'( DI M %"
8 #:
P @ > +< L$ 2 7 4" 0@ 7
=) [D -] . 3 <" F "
8@" P
:urinometer; urogravimeter (= urometer) ([D -] ." 0@
7
> F! $ !8 & "
+< cytometer [D -] < 7
> ! +< .
[D -] ) * P 6 > > .( Q +< erythrocytometer [D -] $ " <

$

[D -] [ 1] , 3 P 6 > > +< ) * "
- . P
a :faceometer
=@ *8 1 > '
+ +< 8 8 1" [ 8

.$ 4
O7 4 * :vitalometer
kratometer [D -] $ % ." 4* > ) ' +< sedimentometer [D -]
$ 7
" _. [$8 & X< orthoplessimeter [D -] -
< " h > A > T +<

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٢٤
"

,(,- +(!

> % :7 ' & O- " ' ( M
8 #: 4.
%" 2 "

. $ "
J"
.*

> +< calorimeter [D -] $/
[D -] G " P

X!
% 0+ +< profondometer
[D -]
&$ 1 > #
plessimeter (=
[D -]
> ! > $ F 7 ' & +< pleximeter = plexometer)
5 1
,
!0 11
J" O- " ) .6 .< (0 * ) 7" P
a :chronometer
(A O- ) $ ! 1 > (D% = -= " <" - "
. 8O,8M E 1 A" P
./-metry/ C $ > .< kilometer [D -] $ > +< centimeter [D -]
P> 74* X-"- & XP .(%) [,1"] .5 : ! " /meter/ O$ "
" ]
(-"- "
1.) 7
(P " 1.) ' * [-5
0] .6 $ .(,)
=} /metron/ "

O:2 ? /meter/ (, 1 ) O$ "
" X$
&
[{(P

) measure
-metry
1 " #- - !
stem G
P> ,& .
Q :

N
M
%
.
A$= " P

> > +< chronometry [D -] 7 " P

> > 4 3 ? ! "
I " O - P
> :photometry [V ] I " P
> > +< hygrometry [D -]
!8 & " 8@" P
> :pyknometry (= pycnometry) [D -] 34" P > > +<

<
1 > > +< anthropometry [D -] $ ." <
1 " > +
Q +< 6" 1
hematometry (= [D -] - " < 1 %7
" > +< cephalometry [D -] '
#: < * $ X< radiotelemetry [D-] 1 /" < 1
" > +< hemometry)
+< angioscotometry [D -] 6& " " , 1 $ > 0+ :'( I
D M %"
8
[D -] E = " 8 " Y" 0 #
% Y" =) [D -] E % , & > B K
[D -] , 8 %
3> B
1 > <+
+< biometry (= biostatistics)
> R +< cupulometry [D -] . ." AA 2 > AA 2 +< cardiotopometry
٢٢٥ )
/ : E E(, 3
;

N
!

< $
> +< cytometry [D -] < $

[D -] $ "
.6 [D -] $"$ ;" * $ - P
> .5 :erythrometry > +< erythrocytometry

> +< (erythrocytometry [D -] $ "
<$
=) [V ] $

[D -] < $
> +< hematometry (= hemometry) [D -] < $

[D-]
I$ >
3
+< hemacytometry (= hemocytometry)
" <
< * $ .< optometry [D -] $ % > <
+< stoichiometry
." B %

[D-] T"$ 1 " > % + :7 '& '( M
%"
8 #:4.

2
.*
> .< pleximetry
" .5 +/-metria/ " ] ./-meter/ C $
+ {(P> =) measure =} metron +{(P
) to measure =} /metrein/
[{(
) -y =} /-ia/ 1;" /" .6
-megalia
[V ] , 3> " 2 I
> ,3 : -megaly
2
M
%
[D -] J"
2 I
> +< cardiomegalia (= cardiomegaly)
- . " 2 I > +< enteromegalia (=enteromegaly = megaloenteron)
2 I > +< hepatomegalia (=hepatomegaly = megalohepatia) [D -]
> +< splenohepatomegalia (=splenohepatomegaly) [D -] - . " 8
A
8 " 2 I =) [D -] A
A
([V ] 8 " 2 I
A
X[V ]
.< splenomegalia; splenomegaly (= megalosplenia)
-megaly

4& = - . : >
$ : *" ,
3 :
1 "

N
M
%
+< cardiomegaly (= cardiomegalia) [V ] , 3> 2 I
> 4 3 ? E:"
enteromegaly (= enteromegalia = megaloenteron) [D-] J" 2 I
>
hepatomegaly (=hepatomegalia = [D -] - . "
2 I
> +<

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٢٦
"

,(,- +(!

splenohepatomegaly (= [D-] - . " A 8 " 2 I > +< megalohepatia)

#: 4.
2 "

. $ "
* $ .< splenohepatomegalia)
< " L- ( <
A
X[V ] 8 2 I > 0 :7 '& O-
A " .$& '( M
%"
8

splenomegaly; splenomegalia (= ([V ] 8 " 2 I =) [D -]
A

G. 1 "
$: *"
.5 +/-megalia/ @-" /" ] .< megalosplenia)
.6 + {($ . ,2 I
) large =} (megal-) /megas/ " +/megal-/
[{( ) -y =} /-ia/ 1;"
/" /"
-penia
7
=) [D -] , 1 3* > !H :
1 "

N
M
S %
73* =) [V ] $ 73* > +< calcipenia (= hypocalcia) ([D -] , 1
[V ] _ . 73* > +< erythropenia (= erythrocytopenia) ($ "
<$
([D -] _ ." < $ " O$- = _ $ 73*
." O$ - =) [V ] _ ." <

73* > +< leukopenia; leukocytopenia (= aleukia = aleukocytosis)
7
< 73* > +< thrombopenia (= thrombocytopenia) [D -] < =%

< eosinopenia (= hypoeosinophilia) ([V ] < 7 S =) [D -]
+< cytoglucopenia (= cytoglycopenia) [V ] E 8 2"
Y34 S > S
Y
> Y
< kaliopenia (= hypokalemia) [D -] 7 , 1 . S >
[D -] (7 $ ) 7"$ 1(
Y
> +< phosphopenia [D -] $ 1
% (Y
) need % ( 73* ) poverty =} /penia/ " ] .< esterapenia
[{(S ) lack
-plasia
= (development) :
1 "

N
M
%

:aplasia [D -] K=
1 ; XK= 1
> O+ 4 " :'( < * $ +(formation)
٢٢٧ )
/ : E E(, 3
;

N
!
!W K

1= > +< euplasia [D -] K 1= " 6" 1 > +< K 1 I
&
< chondroplasia [D -] 3$ I > < fibroplasia [D -]
M
1 " = > =
!= * ! " > ! < desmoplasia [D-] !8 8" K
."
'( M %"
8 #:4.
2 . $ < *$ .< bioplasia [D-]
= [D -] 7
7
/" " - 0 =) [D -] ,
> 0 :7 '& O-" .$&
2 > +< anaplasia (= dedifferentiation = undifferentiation) ([D -]
to =} /plassō/ " ] .< " :: :dysplasia [D -]
- @ XK= 1
[{( 8 ) form
-plasty
* $ +(plastic surgery)
.$
"
< $ * :
1 "

N
M %
autoplasty [D -] ! W ": ,
% > +< angioplasty [D -] J
,% > #> :?@

$
. = [D -] !W .$ $
. X $

I $ . =) [D-] $

I ,
% > +<
cineplasty (= kineplasty = kineplastic ([D -] $ I [
$ .
> +< dermatoplasty (= dermoplasty) [D -] - * , % > +< amputation)
.< pyloroplasty [D -] [" . , ,%
% > +< pyeloplasty [D -] I
) form =} /-plastia/ "
mold % (
+/-plastie/ 1$ " ]
% (
) formed =} plastos +/-plast/ = /-plastos/ .5 +{(, *)
-y =} -ia 1;" /" .6 + ([
) molded % (
) shaped
.6 /-plast/ $: *" .5 : $ %
& . $ M %"
8 #: :( X{( )
[/-y/ 1;" /"
-poiesis
$ %
" " = > (formation) A!4 :
1 "

N
M
%
hematopoiesis (= hemopoiesis [D -] 7 " = > +< cholepoiesis [D -]

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٢٨
"

,(,- +(!

$ " = [V ] _

< ." = > +< = hematogenesis = hemogenesis)
leukopoiesis; leukocytopoiesis ([D-] _ ." < $ " - = =) [D-] _
."

([D -] . Y @ =) [D -] . > < (= leukocytogenesis)
ureapoiesis (= [D -] $ " > +< galactopoiesis (= lactogenesis)
.< uropoiesis (= urogenesis) [D -] ." > +< ureagenesis)
" .$&
[D -] " > 0 :7 '& O- '(
O- "

. $
<
*$
a making = poiēsis " ] .< onomatopoiesis (= onomatopoiesis)
[C %
=
-rhea
./-rrhea/ :$" .V; : /-rrhea/
2
M
%
-rhoea
./-rrhea/ :$" .V; : /-rrhea/
2
M
%
-rrhea
+(discharge) K* +(flow) $ * :
1 "

N
M %
> +< bronchorrhea (= bronchorrhoea) [D-] $ .% > $W@ > V; :'( < * $
galactorrhea (= [D -] . " $= @ > +< colorrhea [D -] $ > $W @
- $
41(
! > 41( :'( < " _
. !0 <* $ X< galactorrhoea)

steatorrhea (= [D -] $
4 1(
> +< chloridorrhea [D -]
< * $ X< cystorrhea [D-]
@
7 > 7 % +< steatorrhoea)
X'4I
> 0 :7 '& O-" .$& '( M %"
8 #:4. 2 . $
,
= =) [D -] " > +< amenorrhea (= amenia) [D -] _ " TA "
logorrhea; tachylalia (= ([D -]
O$ @$@ = [D-] f " T$= 1 = [D-] $

agitolalia; agitophasia = tachyphasia = verbomania) (= pressured speech)
'& O-" .$& '( M
%"
8 #:4.
* $ .<
2
O-"
. $ <
٢٢٩ )
/ : E E(, 3
;

N
!
= flow =) /rhoia/ " ] .< dacryorrhea [D -] T - > 0 :BY
. 1 " $ 6." < $ @ : .$ @ $7 F :$D" $ @ +$̀
D" @ ◌ – 61 " ($ @)} [($ *
: *$"9 .
O$"$ @ +$ @ !40 .4. $7 F :>" O"9 . "

$ @ +
O$ @ +
O$
.{}{4 - $@ :A"9 .$W@ +$W @ 40 .G
- )/
$@
-rrhoea

+(chiefly british) J" ," ! 0 A$. +/-rrhea/
2
6*4
$= @ > +< bronchorrhoea (= bronchorrhea) [D -] $ .% > $W @ > V ; :
. !0 < * $ X< galactorrhoea (= galactorrhea) [D -] .
< " _
:$" .< steatorrhoea (= steatorrhea) [D -] $
41( > 41( :? @
./-rrhea/
-scope
> . S +$
a :? " :
1 "

N
M %
[D -] B >" $ > +< bronchoscope [D -] <

. %" $

> +< odontoscope [D -] 1
J" $ X
8 1
Oa$ > +< colonoscope
M 8 #: ' +< stereocolposcope [V ] !=
%" 1 * " G " $

[D -] - - " 3 > 2= :S 3 L$ 2 D >$ A C 1
> +< cryoscope [D -] - * ; * $ - P
> .
< sideroscope
< phonoscope [D -]
&$ >
&
1 > # + < zeoscope B E" P
:F !0 E$ " , > 8 .
a :caloriscope [D -] ! " 8 . > A

$8 % > ! < echoscope [D -] L- % " *8 1 > ' + < AJ"
> a 8 #: < * $ .< kinetoscope [D -] < $
'( D I M %"
M " ["
c ;
%
> G! < phoriascope [D -] ; " ^ %
7 4* > ) ' < angioscope <" $ = " $ 4* > ' < amblyoscope

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٣٠
"

,(,- +(!

, 1 * " = % " 7

!8 & " $ 4* > +< orthoptoscope [D -] " ,
. 2 "

. $ "

.*J" < " _ . , * $ .< orthostereoscope [D-]
=) [D -]
T 1 > % :7 '& F %
O-" .$ & '( /-scope/
3 > +< auscultoscope (= phonendoscope) ([D -]
28 I
& 1
[D -] G
6 > +< spectroscope [D -] 3
A > +< diascope [D -]
$
4* > % < stethopolyscope [D -]
&
1 > % < periscope
> # % 0+ < stethoscope [D -]
& 1 > ! < microscope [D -]

$ = to view =} /skopeō/ " ] .< stroboscope [D -]
.$ A %
+($ %
."
1 . $ %. ) L$ +
. S +(
. ?
$ %. )
[P$ - +( ) - +( . L$)

-scopy

1" I
A
0 :
?" :
1 "

N
M %
!W 2"
- $ =) %

" $ > $

" ' 1 + . S +$ a
colposcopy .4 " $ > +< arthroscopy (= arthroendoscopy) ( % 3

+< laparoscopy (= peritoneoscopy) (G 8 " $ =) A
% ." $ > +<
E$8 > I :@ +S 3 L$2 D>$ A C %"
1 M 8 #: '
:' ( D I M %"
8 #: < * $ .< electrobioscopy [D -] != .$ 4 " O

<% ." S 0 > +< microscopy [D -] $4* 1 " È$ 4* S 0 > Z
$
4* 1 " > ' +
< sphygmoscopy _ . " S 0 > +< dactyloscopy
$ = [D -] <" $ = " $ <"

$ = 3 È$ 4* S 0 =) [D -] !
$
capillarioscopy (= capillaroscopy = ([D -] > - " & J
* ; *$- P> > .
Q < microangioscopy)
(- A =) - * ;
< scatoscopy [D -] 7"$ . > "
< cryoscopy (= algoscopy)
٢٣١ )
/ : E E(, 3
;

N
!
."
= . S
2 .5 :chromoscopy (= chromatoscopy) > Z
,=
[D -] < $" $ % >
! 2 N$ S
< [D -] B 0 .6 [D -]
>
< metoposcopy [D -]
4 . *
1"
$ 0 > +

< kinetoscopy
[D -] E W $ < -
? " < oneiroscopy [D -] ,/
* > I J"

A 0a T"7 2 " C A
_ . , * $ .< C A
" $ 1 . < > :resectoscopy
S 0 > O- " .$ & . /-scopy/ . 2 "

. $ "
<
.*J"
"
.< stethoscopy [D -]
C= 1 > +< microscopy [D -] $4* 1 " È$ 4*
S
+( . ? $ %. ) $ = to view =} /skopeō/ " ]
+( ) - +( . L$) +($ %."
1. $ %. ) L$ + .

to examine =} skopein " .5 +/-skopia/ " X{P$ -
[{( ) -y =} -ia 1;" /" .6 + {($ ) to view % (S )
-stenosis

[D -] $ 8 " G
= I :
1 "

N

> *4
3
, $ " G
=I
> +< craniostenosis [D -] 3 " G
=I > +< arteriostenosis

* $ .< ureterostenosis [
! 0 < " G
= I
> +< metrostenosis [D -]
[D -] - " O
" G > GI
I :'( 4. 2 " . $" < " L-(

[D -] - * " S = =
> S :' ( L$ 2 ! 0 < * $ +< dacryostenosis
[(G
I = a narrowing =) /stenōsis/ " ] .< dermostenosis
-stomy
!= "
$*"
) :
1 "

N
M
- Y"
R"
.5
%
* I
:[D -] B > 4 .5 :colostomy > (3 & '( !I &A%"
" :[V ] B > 4 .6 - 1 *"
B A 1 R"
" . != "$ *" - Y"

4 .6 [D -] ' F$= 4 .5 :tracheostomy > +< " $ M . @- "

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٣٢
"

,(,- +(!

0 R"

- ( ) - N % :
1 "

N
M % .6 .< [V ] 'F$=

$ %" O > O$F - *
" > (4 ? ":" "$ : *" 4& = - . . O-
$ %
" .
" O> E7 * % :choledochocholedochostomy [D -] "$ % " O
> +< gastroduodenostomy [D -]
$ & > +< &A "
@"
-
O$ F
1 "

N
M
% .8 .< gastroenterostomy

-
O$F

4 .5 :enterostomy > (O$ F $ M . @- "
" ") F
:
J" $ M . @- " " :[V ] J 4 .6 [D -] E W $
M 0 X
J

> +< [V ] O - 4 .6 [D -] O - 4 .5 :gastrostomy > +<
" :[V ]
-
- 4 .6
-
-
O$ F .5 :gastrogastrostomy
= mouth =) ( 4 ) /stoma/ " ] .< - " O$F
-" . @- "
:TA) B " : E ($ M " ) . 4 : ( 4 %) .) 0 :Q 4 ◌ – ) 0 ( 4 )} [(
(1) .! :( 4 E ) .
O: 0 :$ : .( ->) :(
M 0
A 4 ) .( 4
.{}{.4
-tome

8 " < -
(G > ) C I ."
a :63 .5 :
1 "

N
M %
Q
( . $ "
") [ $ "
!0 J" $ %
"
= +[4. CI
. ! " ]"]
. ]" < % E:" I
[D -] '1" CI . > )I " ." 7 *" '&
* $ X< pharyngotome [D -] ,
#: < ." C I
. > +< amniotome
> a = < macrotome [D -] E W $ .
TA
> U '( D I M %"
8
> = < microtome (= histotome) ([D -] ^"
$ =) [D-] G
> - ^"
$
.*J" < " _. ,* $ X< mucotome [D -] A 2 " .A" $ .

> % :7 ' & F %
O- " .$ & ' ( M
%"8 #: 4. 2 "

*
. :[V ]
-*
I
. .5 :dermatome > +< craniotome [D -] h

٢٣٣ )
/ : E E(, 3
;

N
!
> A :[D -] $ . .6 - "

< - !5 &

2 [ %
&
-*
T$0 4.% 8
- *
histotome (= ([D -] G
> - ^"
$ =) [D -] ^"
$ > +< - *"
B6"$

% < phlebotome [D -] (- $ " CI
. ) -
%

> % < microtome)
I . > (7 * A > : I . ) 3 .6 .< kelectome [D -]
&7 2 >
1
" I &J" - 8 E: " A 18 " , - J" 7 * :gonotome [D -]
1 *

8 , &
I
4. % "

. :[D -]
. .5 :sclerotome> +< *
. > +< [D -] . %
[V ]
. *
6$
I = " CI
. .6 O- "
&2
A >

6&
I . > ( R - * ) F '( DI M %"8 #: < * $ X< pleurotome
.< * 7
!8 6&" 4*" C A > :angiotome [D -]
6& " 3
> A
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2 " 7 . :keratonyxis [D -] $" 7 . > +< puncture of the sclera
A
] .< aqueous paracentesis !8 6"

1 "

N
M
O$ " %
[ ([
@ 7
2 = pricking =) /nyxis/ "
-stomy
. "
N "
\%"
8 :C.1" %" $ /-stomy/ :$"
٢٥٧ E E E , : B 3 !
.(

-pexy
8 "$ M " <
! $* +
; :
1"

N
M
.@ > DO-& !"
%
" ] .< gastropexy [D -] O - " < .@ > +< colloidopexy [D -]
[(<.@ = fixation =) /pēxis/
-plasty
. " 8 :C.1" %
N "
\%" " $ /-plasty/ :$"
-rhaphy
./-rrhaphy/ :$" . : /-rrhaphy/
2
6* 4
-rrhaphy
B %
(surgical suturing) "$ * A
2 :

N
M
%
3> > ' ( < * $ +(operative
[D -] , repair) ! "
` $ *
[D -] > +< herniorrhaphy [D-] G > +< cardiorrhaphy

2 = suture =) /rhaphē/ " ] .< nephrorrhaphy
[(
A
-rhexis
./-rrhexis/ :$" .*)4 : /-rrhexis/
2
6* 4
-rrhexis
[D -] , $ " G 4 :
1 "

N
M
7= > *)
%
!0 DI < * $ X< gastrorrhexis [D-] O - " G 7= > +< hysterorrhexis
,
- * $
1 > $1 :'( O$-
$ 1
& :anarrhexis [D -] -
"
= > < = +< onychorrhexis [D -]
< E
2" $ 1= > $ 1= +< - -*
+< $ " (fragmentation) 3 -= :chromatinorrhexis [D-] $
3
% = > 3% = +< 2" O" 3 -= :nucleorrhexis [D -] O" " < = >
[D -] ' 4" / " > / " +< trichorrhexis [D -] $
a +($
7= ) rupture =} /rhēxis/ " ] .< plasmorrhexis

* " G

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٥٨
"

,(,- +(!

to burst =} /rhēgnynai/ X{($

1 ") a breaking % +($

* " ) bursting
[{(G7 ) to rend +($1 $1 $1 ) to break +($ * )
-scopy
. " 8 :C.1" %
N "
\%" " $ /-scopy/ :$"
-tomy
. " 8 :C.1" %
N "
\%" " $ /-tomy/ :$"
٢٥٩ E E E , : B 3 !
.(

%
6
: ]" . $ " * Y"

7 < .$" </

."

' " K FH G!

)
4

abdominocentesis A
."
.................
arthrodesis " ................
%
colporrhexis .4 "
.................
hepatorrhaphy -. " .................
keratonyxis $ " .................
oophoropexy ."
_ .................
orchidopexy %
2"
.................
thoracocentesis $ -
%" .................

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٦٠
"

,(,- +(!

%

6
' " K

)
4
FH G!

abdominocentesis A
."
" ) "
arthrodesis % " "*;
H
"
colporrhexis .4 "
"* )4 "
hepatorrhaphy -. " " "
keratonyxis $ " " ) "
oophoropexy ."
_ ;"
"
orchidopexy %
2" ;"
"
thoracocentesis $ -
%" " ) "
? B

Prefixes
? B

Prefixes
% <
G
% .8@) /fasten before/ : + /" :(prefix) +

.( .>
%J" (sequence)
1 1 (sound) <
+ <" :(prefix) +

%
( %
) O - M

% - *

11 (letter) 3
+3$ "
$ + . "
!0
!0 - (phrase) O$ 1 "- . $ [bound form]
.& P .. A
(inflectional form) $ %
% (derivative word) h (
M
.{}(; ) /suffix/ +(2" - ) /infix/ +(O- 6"7 ) /affix/ :C $> W
@ ] . $ "

" A 1 ! 0 G ." 1 3- % 3 1 J" _ . ! 0
without muscle / : ! " "my/a/sthenia" . $ "
" $ /a-/ .1"
& B " +!% +(& I& & 7 * -
" = "$b I
$ : *" ) /strength
I
$ ."weakness 3 " B " ? 3
/-asthenia/ 1;" " "
hypo- .1
+(. %
" B " 2 =") "neuro/hypo/physis" . $ " "

2 = 7 43
$ 2a ,
1"
$ ! " (2=") hypophysis " D/8 D"7 *

=
: ! ") /neuro-/ .1 " % >" N " " +(pituitary gland)
neuro / " 3 -"$ +
2 =" O - M"
7 * ' & ("!` . %
& "
the neural portion / % /pars nervosa hypophyseos/ B A
% "
/hypophysis
"
posterior lobe of / B A
% +(2 = != .%
" 7 *"
) /of hypophysis
.(
2 = != 2"
S = ") /lobus posterior hypophyseos/ % /hypophysis
٢٦٣

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٦٤
"

,(,- +(!

D @
. - * !0 G
4 8 ."1 " _

. G
$ A 1 ! ? !0
3
-$ ,@ +b$" < $. 2; $ " _. !A : -. +4& D I

.%" ": 4 !0 $ " #: .*
!
> 3 +
> ' !:/! C"
& ) atonal 3
+(B (without) /. a-, an-

+(!W @$ * ) abacterial $: [ 6F *
8
.6 (K
8. ) K
. .5] anesthetic :' . . 1 ,-
[E - 2
W $ ! "
.6 E
) * .5) adoral +(toward)
) * ad-
+(E $
* $ *
(G % ) adhere

+(B
$ ) anatomy
4 +(up) C ?@ ana-
%
$ ) - = - ] anaphase
[(E 8 2"
,1 ;"

+(G 0$ " ,
) antecubital (before) Q 0
:

ante-
+(' " .>) antepyretic

( +.1) antecedent
A
+($
84A ) antiseptic +-̀ I anti-,
+(against) -̀ I contra-
+(, @"$ * " -= I
) antibacterial +-̀ I +C
+_$
+(1 " -= I ) antichymosin .

+( " C ) contraceptive
. " -= I) contrastimulus
()
٢٦٥ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
> 3 ! +
> ' !:/! C"
-" - " -
W $ .) apogee + & D"- . +(from) B
apo-
$ "
(_ %;" +G ;"
+(
@$ ) catastrophe +(down) $"
- "
A. cata-
( " C*" = +_2 ;"

T* $"
$ ) catabiosis
+( $ A
" G .) diaplacental (through) G$ A . +$ . & dia-,
per-
+(
41( ) diarrhea
+(- * " G .) percutaneous
$ A

([
@ +[
@ ") perforation
+( % " 7= ) disarticulation ,4 I. D"- . +D .* dis-

% % ) disjointed "7 * '( +_. &
%
(% C2 + % ;"
+(apart)
3&
I "
+(! " $ 1 & ) dysbasia $ 1 & (bad) B
+
dys-
" 2 ) dysaphia X,N X+

+(P # (difficult)
($
7 ) dysentery W 2
:
$ C> .$ - 8 ) entangle (in) 1 en-
( $
+( C ) epibulbar !W * $
2 +(upon) C

epi-
" ] (O$ ."

) epidermis (outer)
7 *"
outer skin =) epidermis
[(- * " != * $2"

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٦٦
"

,(,- +(!

> 3 ! +
> ' !:/! C"
2 ) P̀" " h$
h$ 2 ] extrasensory +(more than) $ @ extra-
[(E 8 - "
!8 8 1" " $ -Y"
G A & ": h$ I(
2 +!W 0
+h$ 2 +(outside of)
! +$
+( " 3 % +(half) 3 hemi-,
) hemisphere +!W %
% semi-
) semicircular ! % - ! 0) !W 8
($b f
+($1J" J" ,1 *"
+!` 67 *
7 *"
+(- * <
) hypodermic % > +(under) <
hypo-
(7 " $ 1 S 1" B

) hypoglycemia % > +"
less ) E 8 1 " -8 "
B
+3 I
+(than normal
$% > +S>
- +A M I
- ) hypertension $ @ " 1 " $ @ hyper-
+(,- " A M I
more ) E 8 1 " -8 "

(A " A$ ) hyperactive A$ +(than normal

+(B 8) inoculate +, +(into) $ in-
1 $ F ) insensitive
(P % " +(not) ; $ F
+("$ " < ) infrared ( 1
+- ) < sub-
infra-,
& C>" :E

W $ . ) submarine +3 2 +!

` 67 * +(below)
($ ."
B A 1 < , , *
٢٦٧ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
> 3 ! +
> ' !:/! C"
2 J" .] interpersonal
S (between) . inter-

[(S2J " .
<>/. S W 2 )
($" - * " 2" . + 2"
- ) intramural (A - %) @ intra-

(within)
+(>$ ) metaicteric ) - . ' ( " $
meta-
+($ A ) metatarsal (C I " *$- " R

[beyond (in degree or

(_
1 ") metabolism +!

X[/ " +position)]
$ ) 2 +-= . "
$ ) +( /2"
( "
* ) parachordal +(beside) [ * .
. $
para-
+(! 7 +O$

* " + A
Y"
!W "Y È- $ " .] paranoid +(beyond) J +0IY"
+ 2 +(abnormal) : W
Y7
). ) " E = Y ! Y
b
<1 " !0) $ " . +$
+[(!8 6$ . " =
:"
(6 "
(
) paralysis
+($ 8 .
A ) periarterial +AY" +(around) ! peri-,
circum-
+(B" 2" ) periotic O$ * "

P +- ) perimeter
+A

+(N$" = * P

3
$ ) circumstance
(
@-

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٦٨
"

,(,- +(!

> 3 ! +
> ' !:/! C"
+( % ." 3 2 ) postbulbar - . +(behind) 3 2 retro-
post-,
+( J" - .) postcibal R ) ! " +(after)

+( " $ * 3 ) postoperative R ) 32"
+(7"
" :!W * $ !W & * $") retroactive ( "

+(!5 * $

+(G % 8 " 3 2 ) retroperitoneal
) pro-otic +,- +(in front of) ,

+(B" 2" , pre-
pro-,
+( A $ 1 " ) procarcinogen +(before) .> +!

A

`

+($": ( ) prognosis -8N X
A
+( : J" "
% , ) preauricular
([" I :1] I) :premolar

. 1
67 *
.
< +(partly) D `67 *
. F ) semicoma +7 *"
semi-
+(!W 67 * ). +3% 8

3
!5 %
) seminormal
+([ ]
([%
%. ) semisolid
). :[
+( = C ) supracondylar $ @ +(above) C super-
supra-,
+(! C ) suprarenal A$ +(more than)

+( $ - ) supermotility
(A" $0Z. C. ) supersaturated

٢٦٩ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
!
> 3 +
> ' !:/! C"
+( $ " ,= " 3 *" ) syncelom D +(with) C syn-,
con-
% "] synchilia
" G
+S= 8 +(together)
+[(!= 2"
)
+ % ' &

+(
7/ 7 +T A
) syndrome
+" " $ F

( "
) conjunctiva 0 8 +<>"
$" - * G .) transabdominal +/
$ A 2 +(across) # .5
trans-
+( A
. " .6 (through) *

+( 1 J" ) transacetylation $ ) *!% .8

+( .* " $ . & ) translateral (6 " < 1 "

(&7 * $ . & -W ) transcontinental
3K 5 ! ' - ! *

EH
$ ! +
A# >
%
> !
:X G
G+ ! +
7# +! 5QD & Y,/ *
a-, an-, ad-, ana-, ante-, anti-, contra-, ap-, apo-, cata-, dia-, dis-, dys-,
en-, ep-, eph-, epi-, extra-, hemi-, semi-, hyp-, hypo-, hyper-, in-,
infra-, su-, sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, inter-, intra- ,
m-, met-, meta-, p-, par-, para-, peri-, circum-, post-, retro-, pro-,
pre-, supra-, super-, sy-, syl-, sym-, syn-, sys-, co-, col-, com-, con-,
trans-.
a-
/un-/ 7* + /in-/ /" . 1
O$ %J"
. 1

' ( < * $ . ,
$ +- +/ . X- +$ F X :
> +< ablepharia * J" ,"-
" > 0> " : .1 .5 :O- -& </.
. * 1; @
" > 2" . 1 .6 .< adactyly C. %
" J" ," - "

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٧٠
"

,(,- +(!

< abiotic O " !0 > 2

@ " < abiotic O " ! > +< adiaphoria

< abulia + > > +< amyoesthesia [V ] I
" P
8 B
> >

H
.D [D -] D : . 1 .8 < achromia = " $ := > >& G
> (N
! +; : ] .< asexual [D -] !W 1 * > , : . 1
$ /h/ 3$"
.> <6%" .> /an-/ $ % DO-& +<%" .> 1
0 (! $ " '& = - E)
$ (4%0 $:8 )
%

.1

[( ! -* ,- & S '& = - E)
an-
+$ F X; : /h/ 3 $" .> < 6% .> /a-/ .1" ! .5

.1 .5 :O - - & </ . '( <* $ . ,$ +- +/. X-

[,1 "] " ,- =
& > 0
# < anhedonia :: " ," - " > 0 " :
;2
H @ " : .1 .6.< anostosis ,=
> +< anophthalmus

> > > ;< anesthekinesia (= anesthecinesia) $ "
P8 B

> >
> & ;< anastigmatism $N ./ " [
F > G(N < anarithmia R ?3
2" "7 > ( ) < anhemopoietic anemia = " $ := & , * " ,- " $ 0

D
: .1 .8.< anuria ( Y =) ." TA " > 6" < anodynia
! ") /ana-/ .1
2
M
- % . .[D-] , : .1 .D .[D-]

/ad-/ .1
2
M % . .< anion > <6% .> (!
4 '
.< announce '& = - +\. > /n/ 3$ " .>
ad-
'( DO-& < adoral E"
)* > ! " F> ' : .1 .5
.> /al-/ /g/ .> /ag-/ /f/ .> /af-/ ? ٕ ,/q/ +/k/ +/c/ .> /ac-/
L$ 2 <" %
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!
.1 .6 .#/& O$ :" < "

%" - .> ' /ad-/ J" _. !0

":4. 9< adnerval = adneural [%
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$
' :
./ad-/ M
%.8 D6"-

ana-
=
- %" - > (?3
% ?@ % ?3
% % C %) 7! .5 :
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> (L$ 2 O$ - - * )
@ .6 +< anaphase (E , 1 ;"
8 2" ! 0)
> J ? @ .8 +< O - "7 *J" - -= * .6 K
" 1 " B .5 :anagenesis
%
[ " ! , 1;" 3
8 "
N $
1 ,
1 ") [
"
, 1;" ananym
.< (/Preble/ ,1/ [ " , 1;" /Elberp/ ,1;0 :[! 5 1 & #
*8 .] J

$ ! X< anode -
% " .> /an-/ B . %
> <6% J" _. !0

' & J" ) ! b 3
: ! " /sursum-/ /" N " M %"
8
$ : ! " /a-/ DO-& 8@ <6% " .> /an-/ B@ 7 :$: (D"- %
.
] ./ph/ +/b/ +/p/ .> /am-/ ? @ /ana-/ J" _
[{('&
'( +'& +G 0 ) D"- %
=} /ana/ "
ante-
0$ " ,
G

> (D . $ D D 7 )
Q 50

: :
. 1
< antenatal (= prenatal) ( G
. 1 =) " .> > < antecubital
, $ !=
J" [/ ;"
> M : < anteflexion , e ! @ > 0

b

.> /ant-/ $ % .< antephase . " -
> < anteversion

] ./pro-/ +/pre-/ :D I $" .< antephialtic P . " -= I
> <6%
+ .> =) /ante/ /"
[(,

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٧٢
"

,(,- +(!

anti-
$&J . G W ! 0
C (!W */
_" & ) 3 :
. 1 .5

> +< antiarthritic [-] %"
-= I [4 " -= I > V 3 :_"$ J"
+< antishock suit -
: . > V 3
% -= I +< antispasmodic [-] K =
- > >
^$= " +< antihemolytic [ -] 7 " / " C > >6"

+< antiodontalgic [ -] J % 8 1 > A> +
1 +< antiulcerative
$ 1 _ 2 > $

0 , +< antisideric [-] -- 3 $0
>

> >"
. < anticholesterolemic [-] 7
K
= > . < antibromic 6"$ " 7 > >
) :
.1 .6

!* 70 ! 0) O$

1 P
> .> +< antiperistalsis P

+ < antimongoloid !W 1 & !W M > M + # + < antidromic ([ %&J"
antimere ." 4 + #
, 1 " > < antiparallel E7" " != 1 & >
>
@ < antimesenteric [V ] G
C * - $" 1 " . > +<
< antigravity muscles .:* " 0!
_ $ > $ < antigravity reflex .:* ,

P
> 0>!
.< antivivisectionist " $
<" " B
"
$
.F) (antibody) M 3 :
.1 .8
! !W & (!W &
8 2"
E :8 " -= I : !W & -W I
> < antitoxin ( ) :8 " -= I
> )(
.< anticytotoxin
contra-
([D -]
.
7 . =) [D -]
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0 > :
. 1 .5

. G
W > +< contra-aperture; counteropening (= counterpuncture)
7"$ 0 Y" -= I

8 $ 7 *"
E : .1 .6 .< contraincision [D -]
> 3
٢٧٣ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
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. < contrastimulus [D -] ). " -= I > +< contrainsular [D -]

[D -] " C > 6"
< contraversive [D -] $

>
- " P
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= against =) /contra/
[(. XP & X- I
ap-
.5 : /h/ 3$ " .5
.> /apo-/
2
M
.> <6 % %
40 ! " A") 1 2 > A# 7
. LA# > %" . LA *
M =

<" 7 8" / I
" > < aphelion (P" & -. $`1" [ "
" [ $ 1 ")
1" *
apheliotropism P * " > < apeidosis (_$ $
./apo-/ :$" .0
.9 <
.< appear $ 4 > :/p/ 3$ " .6
.> /ad-/
2
M %
apo-
0$
" W !W " > ) 0$
G :
. 1 .5
M =
.a > A *

" C
.< apomorphine ( $ 1 !8 1

.$ " % .2
[< .] </ J" % > A# > %" :
. 1 .6
.< apocarpous
8 $ " $" - !0 A

E > A# 7
:
.1 .8
- . ) h J" A
.< apogee (` 2 B
,&
.< apoenzyme ,7 Y " , > 0

:
.1 .D
%
3$ " $ F < "
%" .> 1 /apo-/ B@
7 (& D"- .) /apo/ " ]
$" .> /aph-/ '( < 6"
3 %" .> /ap-/ '( $ M J" _ . !0 /h/
.> /h/ 3$ "
.> ' $D" @ /apo-/ 1 +($$ ; E:") /h/
[< 6%"

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٧٤
"

,(,- +(!

cata-
:catabasial O - " I
2 > $%," :
.1
N
M
% .5
(opisthion) L$ 2 J" _2 (basion) O- " 40
%
* * 3
_ .4 != @/=@" , =@ " > +< cataphoresis !W A .4 /
. " A
$ > ! C <
.< catatricrotic pulse 7 " != @/@ _
. > !) " < catatricrotism
> +< catabiosis " C*" $ > 6'

:
. 1
N
M % .6
(S $"

" = $
4 = C *" G $ A .
=
&
* $
1 " =) 5 -
cataplasia; cataplasis (= retrograde metamorphosis = retrogression =
> .kata- DI $" .ana- .1" _
de- C $
! .< retromorphosis)
L 1 "
C I "
!0) I
D 2 " XD;7 = down =} /kata/ " ] .
"
[{($"- "
"
dia-
diacondylar fracture (= [D -] =" $ . & $
1 > # :
.1
$"$ :
" =) [D -] !
! $"$ :
( > 7&% " < transcondylar fracture)
[D -] - * " G $ A < diathermy (= transthermia) ([D -]
. > *

> 7 < diadermic (= percutaneous = transcutaneous = transdermic)
/di-/ $ % < dialysis [D-] - > 7D
%" +< diagnosis [D-] S2

=) /dia/ " ] .< diactinic [D -] 0 1"
e

O: > < 6% .>

[(G$ A /2 = through
dis-
( 2 ) = > % " 8 !:
% .(%) :
. 1 .5
( % " $ .) % " , @ =) [D -] % " 7= > +< disaggregation

% - & %" $ ." :disarticulation (= exarticulation) ([D-]

Y@ .(,) < dissociation [D -] G
> 3G
$ R < -
> +< * B
٢٧٥ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
C. %Y. DO-& ,= ! " +7"$ ." $ " 7(" :disimpaction [V ] $ ;

$ - > +< * $ " .
<" > +< disinhibition [D -] A .@ Y@
[D -] 3/ M ; > +< (disinsection (= disinsectization [D -]
> U) " .(1) < disparasitized [D -] < =A" 7" > +< disinvagination

O- 1 J Y@
=) [D -] O- 1 J" T7 > +< disacidify [D -] _
" T7
!5 6
[ $ *1 J" T7 :(disoxidation (= deoxidation ([D -]
=@ " P
A
= =) [D -] =@ /" > XQ .() <
& X >A G
[D-] $5 1 $ F >
N .(l) < (disassimilation (= dissimilation ([D-]
[D -] !W A ."$ > , < disjunctive [D -] G 0" $ F > +< discontinuous

% D, . < disharmony [D -] G 1 8 ;
> < disassortative
[D -] 7" " / 2 " > +< dischronation [D -] 7 " P 8 / 2 " > ,
[D -] < $" . 2 > +< (disequilibrium (= dysequilibrium

< (disdiadochokinesia (= dysdiadochokinesia = dysdiadochocinesia
>- " # > &!& =
._ < disalignment [D -] 3 % $;" 1 > B!+.Y

./dys-/ C $
> .< (discoria (= dyscoria ([D -] >- " :: =) [D -]
[ = X% " %
0 :
;]
$
%
& :disdiaclast [D -] $ 1 ;"
* -7 > P! ) :
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-7 " > +< A A2 " !8 I" K " ;"
*" 1" !0 % O- " $1 h -7
[( $ = twice =) /dis/ " ] .< districhiasis [D-] $= "
dys-
.6 $ .%
:M "
1 .5 :dystrophoneurosis > B :
.1
+
+< dysgonic [D -] < . 1;" $1 & >
+ # < [D -] : M 1 [%&

> +< dysuria [D -] = . " $ 1 & > +< dysmenorrhea [D-] R A" $ 1 & >

0
12 / .(
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"

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< dyspneic [D -] P " G8 > +< dyspepsia [D -] , I
I 4" $ 1 &
N$= " / 2 " > +< dyshidrosis [D -] G $= " 2 > , % [$ A I
> +< dysplasia [D -] - @ XK 1= " 2 > +< dysmorphopsia [D -]
> [D -] $= " = 2 .6 [V ] $= " 2 . G
8 .5 :dyskeratotic
< [D -] !W
2 .6 [D -] [!W 1 [ W A ] " - J" 2 .5 :dysfunction
8 .5 :dyskaryotic > +< dyschromia [D -] \ .= %

G " :: > &V =

:dyspragia [D -] !W 6"- % > 0 1 [D -] O" " : = .6 [V ] E =
8 " :: .
./dis-/ C $ > ./eu-/ _ 8 J ,N " (J 2 ) 7
! X< E * Y"

[(E-$ X!8 1 ) /bad/ : ]
en-
+< encephalon [D -] Q -8 " > ( " ) I ,
1 :
.1

-
> +< endermic (= endermatic) [D -] (h/"
2" G.A ) - * . >

endermic injection (= intradermal [D -]
-
=) [D -] - *
,"
$ M " > +< energy [D -] *-
> +< injection; intradermic injection)
em-/ $% $ < enzootic [D -] <" .
A8 > +< engram [D-]

" .> DO- & /
= in =) /en/ ] ./p/ +/m/ +/b/ " <" %
"
[($
ep-
>2 .(%) : < 6%
.> 1 -> /epi-/ .1
2
M
%
@ .(,) .< epaxial [D -] $ C
> +< eparterial [D-] $ 8 C

./epi-/ :$" .< epencephalon [D-] ! " Q-8 " >
٢٧٧ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
eph-
>2 $" .> 1 -> /epi-/ .1
2
M
: /h/ 3
%
> +< Ephedra [D -] (<$ . %
$ - ( " < . P * ) $ ."
[ &
./epi-/ :$" .< ephedrine [D-]
epi-
> +< epibulbar [D -] C
C > 2 .(%) .5 :
. 1
[D -] !W > 0
. > (G 0 ' ( . 1 ) !` > 0 < epidural [D -] 0 *
.(,) .< epigastrius [D -] [V
1 ] 3
1$= " ! > ! < epispadias

[D-] [2 8" > +< epicutaneous [D-] -* " B A 1 '& > BA 1 '& @
.< epiphenomenon [D -]
0 I( > .(1) < epicardium
V 3H
@ X X
. .6 [D -] "$ . ! " " .5 :epicrisis > .()
> +< epizoon [D -] !W * $ 2 !W " !W A > V ' , .(l) .< [D-]
0 I(
> ? < - *" 6& /" * $ 2" .A" :epidermis [D -] O$ ."
[D -] !
. > " < epiblast (= ectoderm) [D -] 7
` "$ . < V , -J"
:epicyte [D -] 2 .A" .(l) .< epiphyte
> F : *$ 2"
.A" X A
! 0 ' 4 * $ 2" " 3 $ 8M "
e 3 F
2"
1 " [4
K = < <A
" :episcleritis [D-] .% [4 " > ? "
.A" [4 " D I X " . 4 . . %
< 1 '& C >" " ,8 I
"
= " B A
> ? % < epineurium [V ] [ % f \ > ZWN < .% = * $ 2"

[ $ '& = - + " !0 .6 .< episplenitis [D-] A 8 "
[4
"
< .$ 1"
+L$ 2 6 &
* [ $. %

<": 6 &*

[V ] $ - $ .( >
H :? @
.( > +< epicholesterol [V ] $ 1
! 0 +/h/ 3$ " " .> /epi-/ 1 .< epichlorohydrin
"- & <" %

0
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/h/ 3$ " " .> /ep-/ 1 J" _
.
.> /eph-/ 1 <6" %
> /h/ 3$ "
.> ' /epi-/ 1 J" _. !0
+($$ ; E:")
.< epiotic [D -] B " 2 C > < 6% .> < epihyoid [D-] !8 / C

[ (C ?3
= on =) /epi/ " ]
extra-
@ .8 :<
" $%
%" !0 +/extra-/ : J"
& " P2"
$ "
@"
."4.$ * 4 '&
.A

hemi-
!= 67 *" > ( ) ' :'( <* $ +3% :
.1 .5
%
6 1" V

'/ 1= " % 6 1 " > +< " 7 * % 6 1 " :heminephrectomy [V ]

> +< C . %Y" '/ 1 7 * % 6 1 " :hemiphalangectomy [D -] != 67 *"
- " S
5 0 % 6 1 " :hemithyroidectomy [D -] != 67 *" >$ - " % 6 1 "
.*"
-
!0] = :'( <* $ +3% :
.1 .6 .< >$- " O - M"

' & > [-1 * I & . $1 J" J" (8 " % 8" %)
[D -] != 8 8 " C " 7 B
> > +< hemiachromatopsia [D -] !W 8 !W

!W 8 % > +< 18" (! !% !0 G - 0 :hemiageusia
:"
) !.* -
!0 P= , :hemialgia [D-]
> +< A0 -1 *" (! !% ) !.* -

$ :hemiataxia [D -] !W 8 B
(! !%
-1 *" ) !.* - [
% B
$
(! ) !% 8 A$0 :hemihypertrophy [V ] !W 8 ,2= I > +< - >
-

-8 " G
Q 8 > > *
V = + +<
:hemithorax [D -] $ - % G = > +< (O$ "
,1* . DI ' 1 E:") !

> E
٢٧٩ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
:'( < * $ +3% %" (! !%

:
.1 .8 .< $- ) !.* -
% - !W 2 :
: :hemicardia [D-] !W % , "
A0 3 * . 3 % 3* > V %
-
:hemiplegia [D -] !W %

> +< 3 $M"
!8 &.$ [>
:hemipyonephrosis [D -] !W %
!W > /

> +< - 1 *" (! %

) !. *
%
> !` %
X< * -7 3

% !0 7 * !0 !W > /

< hemiaxial [D -] E 5 $ 3

%
> 3%

< hemipterous [D -] ^ *
B > 3 % %6 1" > +< hemicerebrum [D -] V8 3
% > 2 "
%8" %6 1" :hemicolectomy [D -]
> +< $ 1 J" J" 3
[D -] " 3 % %6 1"
> +< hemicorporectomy [D -] -1 * 3%
.< hemisphere
!
> ./semi-/ /" . 1 " $
" ] ./semi-/ C $
[(semi- =) /sēmi-/ /" $ ! X(3%
= half =) /hēmi-/
semi-
[D -] !W % " :' ( <
,
> V % * $ +3 %
:
. 1 .5
> !W 8 < semipenniform [D -] c =$ " != % < semisulcus
> != %
!.* -
:semiplegia (= hemiplegia) [D -] !W 8
=) [D-]

3
> +< seminormal [D -] !5 %
> 2 (! !%
" < -1 *" )
[D -] ! %2 3
5 % % 3
> +< semipermeable [D -] : %
:semimembranous [D -] 3 %8" 6 F > 2" ~ < semiprivate

[D -] 3 %8" $ > +< 0 F 967 * N
I 3

%
.< $ . ": 4
7 * 3
I
% :semitendinous

0
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$ I
:semicartilaginous [D -] 3 M " != 67 * >
[ ( ) ' :
. 1 .6
.< semiconscious [D-] 967 * h & > +< 967 * 3 M % !W 0$ I

$ I F
!W 67 *
C2 > +< semiflexion [D-] !W 67 * !

@ > M () ' :
.1 .8
.< semiluxation (= subluxation) [D-]

. 1 " $ !
> ./hemi-/ "
/" ] ./hemi-/ C $
[ (3
%
= half =) /semis/
hyp-
` > : <6%
.> 1 -> /hypo-/ .1
2
M % .5
> 2
> 3 > Q < hypalgesic [D -] ,J" P 8 S 8 .A"
> > Z > Q" :!
2
M
% .6 .)>! < hypacusis (= hypoacusis) [D -] C 1" 3
I

2
M % .8 .2
% , :! <6 % .> 1 - > /hypo-/ . 1

[D -] $ 8 " < > :! <6%
.> 1 -> /hypo-/ .1
.1
2
M
% .D .< hypaxial [D -] $ " <
> +< hyparterial
+B _ DO-& +[ $ '& = - <6%
.> 1 -> /hypo-/
. 4. "
<. $ "

11 !0 *1 J" .1 ` > '&

./hypo-/ :$"
hypo-
S .A" ` > :
.1 .5
> Z > Q" :(less than normal) ! 8
;
hypochromia [D -] Q. % "S > +< hypocalcemia [D-] 7 ,1
hypocholesteremic > +< hypochlorhydria [D -] $ " S
$ - > +<
S .5 :(= hypocholesterolemic)
S > .6 [D -] 7 $ 1

.6 [D -] ,- " $ 1 _ 2 .5:hypoglycemic > +< [D -] 7 $ 1

0
٢٨١ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
1= " S
> +< hyposensitive [D -] P > > +< [D -] 7 $ 1 S >
S " _0 2 .6 [D-] A M I " S
> > +< [D -] AM I > .5 :hypotensive
> > Q < hypovolemic [D -] ,* " S> > +< hypotonic [D-] $=

+< hypoactivity [D -] A " $%> > +< hypoactive [D -] A " $%
>
1
" -- M " $
% > > +< hypogonadal [D -] 1
" - - M " $ %

> >
> +< hypo-orchidism [D -] % 2 " $ > > +< hypogonadism [D -]
%
[D -] "7 " 3 I > 3 . " $
> 2
< hypo-ovarianism [D -] _ % >
> > < hypoacusis (= hypacusis) [D-] C 1" 3
I
> +< hypomnesia
> +< hypohypnotic [D -] , " > > +< hypocellular [D -] / 2 >

73* =) [D -] < .." O$- > $- < hypomenorrhea [D -] R A 73*

hypogranulocytosis (= granulocytopenia; granulopenia) ([D -] < ..

Y
> +< hypoproteinosis [D -] < $. Y
> deficient )>! <
' > 2
% , :
. 1 .6 .< hypovitaminosis [D -] <
.< hypomelancholia [D -]
2
" - 1 > +< hypomania [D -] 3
2
[D -] =" <
> (beneath % under) :
. 1 .8
[D -] 18" < > +< hypodermic [D-] - * " < > +< hypocondylar
> (< '( . 1 8") !` < hypoglossal (= subglossal = sublingual)
+< hypophoria [D -] !W
; " > +< hypoblast [D-] " $ J"
E" != > (< '( .1 8") != < hypospadias [D-] !W
. >
> !` 1 < hypotrichous [D -] , 2" != > +< hypostomous [D -]

hypopharynx (= ([D -] , ." = $ * " 7 *" =) [D -] != =1" ,."
E
< hypotympanum [D -] != 1= " .A" > +< pars laryngea pharyngis)
1
> +< hypocelom (= hypocoelom) [D -] ," 3 * " 1 > 1

0
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<
3 =) [D -] O$ * " 1
*" > +< hypocotyl [D -] [< .] >3E
.< hypolarynx (= cavitas infraglottica; infraglottic cavity) ([D -] $
7 "
. 1 ` > '& +B _ DO-& +[ $ ? 3
= -
6
.1 .D

[V ] ' 3 .4
" _ > 4. "
<. $ "
11 !0 *1 J"
sodium [D -] , - %
= <$ . > +< hypochlorous acid (HClO)
.< hypochlorite (NaClO)
:7 '& O- " '( .1" #:4. - . . $ <* $

< * $ +< hyposthenia [D -] B > +< hyposomnia [D -] C % > 0
$ "
[D -] (_ , = ) G"$ > 0 :7 '& O-" '( L$2 . $
$ "
%& =)
hypochondriasis (= ([D -] _ ,= [
% & X!W >"$ [
3R :7 '& O-" '( L$ 2 < * $ +< hypochondriacal neurosis)
hyponasality; denasality (= ([D -] -" - 1 ;"
A $
2 2 =) [D-]
2 >
] ./sub-/ C $ > .< 6%
.> /hyp-/ $% -> .< rhinolalia clausa)
[(< = under =) /hypo/ "
{}
{.!W +!W 4( .1 8" .G
0 . :(<
)}
hyper-
% % +(more
than normal) ! .A" $ @ :
. 1

+< hypersensitiveness P1= - > (!
8 8 -8 " & -6"7 ) (excessive)
.A"

hyperactive (= hyperkinetic) ([D -] " $" A$ =) [D -] A " A$ >

, 1 - > +< hyperactivity (= superactivity) [D -] A - > +<
٢٨٣ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
A$ > +< hypercalcemia (= calcemia = hypercalcinemia(١٢)) [D -] 7

hyperchromia (= [D -] Q. % ;
- > +< hypercellular [D -] 2
- > +< hyperchromatism = hyperchromasia = hyperchromatosis)
=) [D -] $ - $ - > +< hypergonadism [D-] 1
" -- M "
hyperchlorhydria; ([D -] [O- "
! 0] $ - $ " _ -
[D -] 7 $ 1 A$ > +< hyperhydrochloria (= chlorhydria)
> +< hyperglycemic [D -] 7 $ 1 A$ > +< hypercholesterolemic
hypermnesic [D -] $ = : " A$ > +< hypermenorrhea [D -] R A -

. Y @ - > +< hyperorchidism [D -] %
_
2 " A - > +<
[D -] P 1= " A$ > +< hyperovarianism (= hyperovarism) [D -]
.6 [D -] 7 A M I
A$ . [

% .5 :hypertensive > +< hypersensitive
hypervitaminosis (= [D-] - > +< [D-] 7 A M I A $ R

-
> +< hypertonic [D -] $= " A$ > +< supervitaminosis)
7 , * A $ . [

%
.6 [D -] 7 ,* A$ . G

8 .5 :hypervolemic
R * > +< hyperdistention [D -]
A$
C=1
A$ -
-= > A$ < [D-]
'
2 > +< hypermania [D -]

A$ ' > +< hyperlordosis [D -]
A$
hypernasality (= rhinolalia ([D -] ^ ;" A $
2 2 =) [D -]
A
$
+< hyperadenosis [D -] 4 " 2 I > ,2 I < aperta; open rhinolalia)
[D -] - @" 2 =) [V ] - @"
I 2 I
.5 :hypermastia >
=) [D -] E
2"
2 I
> +< [D -] "- @J" O$ @ .6 (macromastia

A1 . ,2= I :hyperonychia (= onychauxis) ([D -] E" 2 I
- "

(EE E, E E E
EE E+ *JEE E F E E
()
1

9 E E 6 (connective) U (EE E6
EE E+ /hypercalcinemia/ EE E EE E /n/ . (E
./em/ + *J F 4
1
%7 */i/ :
;
. 5(

0
12 / .(
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P8 - =) [ -] C 1 " -"- " > -W < #= - $
J" $@
hyperacusis; hyperacusia; hyperakusis; hyperacousia (= ([D -] C 1
$ %
." - - > -- < acoustic hyperesthesia; auditory hyperesthesia)
[D -] -
-
4 1 > -- < hyperopic (= farsighted) [D -]
!W > 0
; " > (/C / '( . 1 8") !W > 0 (above) C < hypercathartic
/" .1 " $ X/hypo-/ .1" _ ! < hyperphoria [D -]

[ (C = over % above =) /hyper/ " ] ./super-/
in-
@ .8 :<
" $ %
%" ! 0 +/in-/ :R
& " P 2" @" $ "
@"
."4.$ * 4 '&
.A

infra-
? ! " " )& = - E:" 7 *"
:4 3 <
:'& = -
.1
C I
infraclavicular (= subclavicular = subclavian) [D -] O >$ " < >
8 " <
infracostal ([D -] C I =) [D-] T/
I
J" < 8 " <
C I > +<
infradiaphragmatic (= * " <
[D -] [ > +< (= subcostal)
+< subdiaphragmatic = hypodiaphragmatic = subphrenic = hypophrenic)
g > +< inframammary (= submammary) [D -] E- @" <
>" < >
infradian [D -] ! b B
> B < infrasternal (= substernal) [D -]
! 1 < (3
`
$M % :3

% ) infraclass [D-] $
3

% > $
<

% b
!W 1 P
=) [D -] !W 1 3"
$ " > +< infrabulge [D -] $b 3E 1 7$ . >

infraduction (= ([D -] _
2 1 " = [D -] ( 1e
"
" $ - )
!W 1
=) [D -] !W 1 B

* > +< deorsumduction= subduction)
٢٨٥ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
] ./supra-/ _

! X< infravergence (= deorsumvergence) ([D -]
[ (<
=) beneath % below = /"
su-
.< . ). +).
). :suspect > :/sp/ .> /sub-/ .1
2
M
%
sub-
subclavicular (= [D -] O >$ < :
. 1 .5
>
8 " <
C I 8 " <
=) [D -] C I > +< subclavian = infraclavicular)
[D -] [ * " <
> +< subcostal (= infracostal) ([D -] T/ I J" <
subdiaphragmatic (= subphrenic = infradiaphragmatic =
subglossal (= [D-] 18" <
> +< hypodiaphragmatic = hypophrenic)
submammary (= [D -] E- @" < > +< sublingual = hypoglossal)
> +< substernal (= infrasternal) [D -] g >" < > +< inframammary)
. % . > (, 1") <
"
A
< subtotal [D -] , <
[ 18" < [ 4 " > +< subependymoma
4 " :subglossitis [D -]
A =" X " ' = " > (< '( .1 8") !` < 1 8 !8 1= " B A 1 "
:substratum > +< subspinale (= point A) (A A =" =) [D-] " <
(,
1 ") <
1
.A :[D -]

.A .6 (substrate =)
O7 $ .5
subplacenta (= decidua ([D -] E = - &
" A> 1" =) [D-] " >

8 ,-> ,1 " :submaxilla > ! 1 < basalis = basal decidua)
!8 1= "

`
>$" 1 > (,1") 1 < subscript [D-]
1
; > +< mandible

=) [D -]
% >
:M > S> < >$ " 7 * 1 :subilium [D -]
: M > +< subalimentation (= hypoalimentation) ([D -] : M " S

> > < subnutrition (= malnutrition) [D-] : M " 1 =) [D-]
%

>

0
12 / .(
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[D -] -8 B -8 " <

> < subcalcareous [D -] P = " >
[D -] $
" - > +< subatomic [D -] 7 "7 " - > A
! < subacute
(chronic) 7 "
. :subchronic [D -] 7 " - > +< subception
subclinical [D -] E $ 1 " - > +< (subacute) (-8 "
8 $ < ) -8 "
-
subliminal [D -] . "
- > +< subcurative [D -] !0 " - > +<
!W 67 * ,
% > V ( ) ' :
.1 .6 .< subnormal [D-] E 1" - > +<
8
> +< subluxation [D -] !W 67 *
C 2 > +< subinvolution [D -] (, $ )
[D -]
67 *
> +< subscaphocephaly [D -] != 67 *" P $
" G
$7
.6 [D -] 3 $ I .5 :subcartilaginous > 7
V ( ) ' < subwaking
M " <
.= " != 67 * > +< D`67 * 3 $I
+< subgranular [D -] [
$ I M :3 M " != 67 *
[D -] 967 *
> +< submembranous [D -] 967 * !W 6 F >
. % .6 [D -] 967 * [
= " <
8 % .5 :subsclerotic > +< subparalytic
[D -] 3
2 _
> 2
% , :
. 1 .8 .< (subscleral=) [D -]
[D -] 3
2 !W >$ > +< subdelirium [D -] 3
2
: > +< subacid

2 !
2 [
3 Y Y > +< subinflammation [D -] 3
4 " > +< subicteric
+< subadult [D -] \ . ,* > #H :
.1 .D .< subtetanic [D-]

> +< sublethal [D -] < , * > +< subarcuate [D -] P ,
* >
1" [
$ > X< subterminal [D -] 48 , *
=) [D -] A
$ > > [
.F .< A 1" [$> < :submedian (= submedial)([D -] A 1" <

@
&$7 .6 [D -] E
W
@ hY .5 :subculture > E @ :
. 1
W
. $ !0 (taxonomic category) %
60 '& ;- 1 X< [D -]
J" 3 % !0
%2 .) G
$ .8& ( /" 4& = - ! " '-
$ : *"
60 :subfamily [D -] [</

% 0 :1]
%

0 >

: . : &
٢٨٧ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
P (tribe) ." ' & (family) %

*" " ' -
%

P *" .
%

60 :subgenus [D-] [<
1 * :1] P
* > +< (genus)
60 :suborder [D -] [<

. $ :1]
. $ > +< (species) T " (genus)
:1]
. > +< (family) % " '& (order) . $"
= '-
%

? 3
% (phylum) . = " '-
%

60 :subphylum [D -] [<
.
%

60 :subspecies [D -] [<
:1]
C > +< (class) 3 %" 8
(tribe) ." '-
%

60 :subtribe [D-]
.> > +< T " '-

$ .8& +G /" )& = - $ M %
$ : *" ,
1 > X< (genus) P '&
*"
subgroup [D -]
&$ 0
& * [<"
$ 7 :1]
O$ 7 > $M % %
" M
. )&
O- > +< g j ,

1 > :sublobe [D -] [<
% %
0 :1] S
%
0 > +<
[D -] !8 2 -= " $ M % > $M % < subunit [D -] (
&$ 0
O- )
2 2 * > 1 4 :G

/"
)& = -
C. ,
1 > X< submiliary
$ : *"
> +< subroutine [D -] $

$ > +< subfolium [D -]
&$ 0
@ + S % = 2
C. [ 8
T$0 :subspecialty [D -] $
S% 2 "
8 A"
D. 9&$ 0 D%=%2 $ . E:" (gastroenterology) !8 I [

4" 7 4*" = A :H"
.1 .L .< subtype [D -]

A > +< (internal medicine) !8 A ." [ 8
8 A
:subacetate [D -] < 1 J" < > I ^ #
Q G@ .(%) :'& = -
6

- &
> <
.$ :subcarbonate [D-]
- & > <

.$ > +< - & > <
1
-

* $ % "
.(,) .<
- & > <"
$ :subnitrate [D-] <"$ < > +<
@ 3
% , " -@ @ . 1.
[D -] - $ < > + : E +9. 1 O$ M %

.< suboxide [D-] -1 < > +< subchloride

0
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+/sum-/ +/sug-/ +/suf-/ +/suc-/ +/su-/ $

% !
%" _
.1" $ ! X<"
"
. .> /sus-/ +/sur-/ +/sup-/
./hypo-/ C $ > .hypo-
[hypó

@ ! X< = under = sub /" ]
suc-
. :/c/ <
%" .> /sub-/ .1
2
M
%

suf-
.< ! :suffer > :/f/ <
%" .> /sub-/ .1
2
M
%

sug-
+^$ :suggest > :/g/ <
+ . ! % " .> /sub-/ .1
2
M
%

./sub-/ :$" .< '( $
sum-
& - +!& - 1 :summon > :/m/ <
% " .> /sub-/ .1
2
M
%
./sub-/ :$" .< T *" '(
sup-
" .> /sub-/ .1
2
M
$ :suppose > :/p/ <%
.< D;- * _ %
./sub-/ :$"
sur-
- . [,
1 "] :surrogate > :/r/ <
%
" .> /sub-/ . 1
2
M
%
./sub-/ :$" .<
+[
6 +[D-]
sus-
%
> :/t/ +/p/ +/c/ <"
" .> /sub-/ . 1
2
M
%
./sub-/ :$" .< [D-] -W 1 +P
1 :susceptible
٢٨٩ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
inter-
. " . > A
.5 :
.1
interacinar (= interacinous) [D-] <
$ > +< intercostal [D -] (T/
( - & .) !W .*" I J" .) !W .$ > +<

> .6 .< interphase [D-] != ." 7
- > !` . < internodal [D-]
=) /inter/ /" ] .< interrelation (= interrelationship)
-
. *f

[( . = between
intra-
@ .8 :<
" $%
%" !0 +/intra-/ :!@"
& " P2"
$ "
@"
."4.$ * 4 '&
.A

m-
./meta-/ :$" ./meta-/ 6
" .1" 7 $ :
met-
[D -] !W .$ *
> :< 6%
.> 1 -> /meta-/ .1
2
M %
@J" -8 . > +< metencephalon [D -] ! " Q-8 " > +< metempiric

-= . > +< metecious (= heterecious) ([D -] E 8 @" $ M =) [D -]
./meta-/ :$" .< metergasis [D-]
meta-
32"
'% 2 :
.1 [* 8 !0] .5
8 A"
> (behind) 3 ."
[
> (subsequent to)
(next) (after) - . (hindmost)
[D -] ^ R > +< >$" - . R
- :metaicteric [D -] >$3

[D -] 6$"
8 [ 4 ;
> +< ^ R" - . R

:metainfective

-
" 3 8 6$" 4 / :metapneumonic
[D -] ! > ~ < E
*" 8 [
[D -] ! " E = $ &
@;" > +< metacele (= metacoele = metacoeloma)
" 7- > +< metanephron [D -] " 3 > +< metaduodenum
!

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٩٠
"

,(,- +(!

'4" =) [D -] " '4" > +< metaphase [D -] ( 2"
, 1" !0)
[D -] E W c
> È < metaplasm (= deuteroplasm) ([D -] @"

! X< metabiosis
./post-/ C $ > ./post-/ /" .1" $
-= . :metachrosis [D -] " B -= . > > 4 :
. 1 .6
"
< " !0
-= . :[D -] 0 >" -= . .5 :metatrophia > +< <" "
!0 "
[D -] E 8 @" -= . > +< : M " 1 $
I

:[D-] :M " 1 $ I
.6
.< metastable [D-] $"$ 1;" -8 . > -8 . X< metaxeny (= metoxeny)
metacercaria [D -] [<A] .": " 2 > %
, :
.1
.8
.1 [ I
"
" !0] .D .< metamyelocyte [D-] 8" 2 > +<
'& = - /m-/ 6" 3
$. 4( 7 $ /meta-/ 6 3$
?. [
.$ 1"
< 40 R - 7 .
+@@" 'J" .$ " ! $ : ! I !0 ;"- . 1"
m-xylene = meta-xylene (7 ." @ ! = 6@9k+l) "7 > :? @
= 6@9k+l > +< (1,3-dimethylbenzene)
1,3-dibromobenzene 7 ." ,$. !
+È$ ." " ' & = -
. 1 +[ I
_ - $ -4 "

" ! 0] .F .<
.< metaphosphoric acid [D -] $ 1 .$ 1"
0 " _ >
:'( <
+- * , /m-/ % /meta-/ . O % & , *" !0 <
- . <A @ . ":(
.6 " < . $" #:4 % 2" 1J" $ "

.< 6%
.> /met-/ $% - > !
between % (" $ 3 2 ) beyond % (- .) after =} Meta " ]
[{(C
) over % ( .)
٢٩١ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
.(8 +5) CI " !0 ;"- . 1" 40 R

'& ;@
- ! " 7 ." <
.(7 ." @ != 6@98 +5) "7 +(,) 7 ." ,$. != 6@98 +5 +(%)
Two examples of disubstituted benzene derivatives with substituents in
the meta-position. (A), 1,3-dibromobenzene; (B), meta-xylene (1,3-
dimethylbenzene).
p-
./para-/ :$" ./para-/ 6
" .1" 7 $ :
par-
3
$ : < 6%
.> 1 - > /para-/ .1
2
M % .5
% [
$ A ,
I $ F :W % ( 1 " ") (" 1;") " 1 " &

:parencephalia [D -] Q -8 " #= > :
A 2 :'( < * $ +[
,

A 2 > +< parencephalous [D -] Q -8 " # > +< Q -8 " !0 !W 2 [
&
A 2 > +< G $= " !0 2 E = :paridrosis (= parahidrosis) [D -] G $=
@8" - > +< parosmia (= paraosmia = ) ([D-] ,8 " 2 =) [D-] ,8

:paruria [D-] $ . ["
$ A I " > +< parulis (= gumboil = gum boil) [D-]
< " _. ,* $ X< ) F" $0 Y . O : . [" E
$ AI" =
[D -]
@ > 0 :7 ' & O - " ' ( . 1 " #: 4. O - . " . $"

paresis [D -] (! W 67 * 3
2
)
7 2 > +< paratrophy (= dystrophy)

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٩٢
"

,(,- +(!

[D -] ( . $ M"

-8 " "
O 4 ) -
> > +< paresthesia [D -]
: >
.< ([ 6"$ M" O 4 :, " XA ") /pica/ & -"$ D 1 :parorexia

' : < 6%
>!
.> 1 - > /para-/ .1
2
M % .6
1$= $ * > +< $ $" * . C>" :paraxial [D-] $ $ * >
3

$ " > * > +< 3
R $
1$= " $" * . [$ > :parepigastric [D -]

[D-] 7 $
* > +< !8 " : " , " $" * . [ $> :paroccipital [D-]
(olivary nucleus) 7" O" " (olive)

$" * .
C>" :parolivary
7"
[D -] B " m $
* > +< paromphalocele [D -] O$ 1=
O$ *
> > +<
C>" :parotic
< * :parotid [D -] !W > +< : J" $" *. [ $ > R

-

+: J" [$ >
[D -] _ . " [ 4 " > +< (parotid gland) " O- M
* > +< parovarium (= epoöphoron) [D -] _
$
."
> +< parovaritis
S"= $ > <"$ +O$ +< parumbilical (= paraumbilical) [D -] O$ 1= 3
M
% : . ' " ": & $ . - > +< paragglutination [D -] <" $

[D -] V
.$ . > +< parencephalon (= cerebellum) [D -] V 2 " "
> $M%
." [
G
4 " .5 :paroophoritis > +< parepididymis (= paradidymis)
." ." <"
$
G
."
> +< _ K 1 =" [
4 " :_ * [
4 " .6 [D -]
./para-/ :$" .< paroöphoron [D-]
para-
paraumbilical [D -] O$= 1" XO$=
1 $
* > ! :
.1 .5
>E" > +< paraneural [D -] [ %
" > +< (= parumbilical)
* .
A > >
< paravertebral [D -] 0 > E "
[D -] [
.< parasinoidal
٢٩٣ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
> +< paramastigote [D -] A 1" != 0 I( > " != 0I(

:
.1 .6
[D -] [V1] G% 8 I( .5 :paragnathus
"
!= 0 .6 [D -] [V1] H b E" != 0
IY"
:parahypophysis [D -] 0 =" > (accessory) M

2 3
H <
> $M % " M
% : . '" ": & $. -> +< !5

2 K
1
0 I(
< paraflocculus (= accessory flocculus) [D -] (0 IY" 0- =" =) - ="
(adjunctive) # + < paraoperative [D -] "$* " < I( > <0
0 I(

1 :paraprofessional > +< paramedical [D -] [
-
& 8 .A" - &
1 >

.< [D-] -
&1 !W 4 !W 4

% (
1" " ) J
) (J 1;"
1 "

: .1 .8
% (disordered) [
$ A (irregular) ,
I $ F (abnormal) : W
A
2
> , :
A 2 :'( < * $ +(defective) [
(faulty) iA 2
[D -] " "- A
2 > +< paracephalus [D -] [V
1 ] '
%7
parapraxia [D -] J 2" A 2 > +<
O: %
.$ A
:parafunction
I
J
>" 2 =) [D -] J
2 > +< iA
>" A

2
& %
0 :(= parapraxis)

Y .6 [D -] $ " . .5 :paranoia > +< paralexia (= dyslexia) ([D -]
+< paraphrenia ($ 3 = 2

" ) Y@ Y > +< [D -] !W 6 $ . B "
([D -] , 2 =) [D -] _ . ;
" A " A
2 >
:parabulia [D -] + " A 2 > +< parasystole (= pararrhythmia)
+" :: % 3"
.< $ "
* > >! ' :
.1 .D
< * :para-aortic [D -] $ 4. e $

:parapancreatic [D -] P . $
* > +< $ 4. J" $" * . [
$ >
$" * . [ $ [$> C>"
$ > :paraurethral [D -] d
* > +< P$ ."

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٩٤
"

,(,- +(!

* 7 \ ) >$ - > $M %

O$ " M % : . '" ": & $. - > +< Y"

< paratype [D -] $
* < parathyroid [D -] ( >$ -
*
A > $

para- [D-] O - 6"7 A 6" [4 " =) [D-] O- 6"7 " <" $ * [4 " > !
'
4 O - 6"7 O$
* "
K 1 =" [ 4 " :appendicitis (= periappendicitis)
([D -] - . " A 6" [ "
4 " =) [D -] -. " <"$ * [4 " > +< 4. A
K 1 =" - . > %"
8 [4 " :parahepatitis (= perihepatitis) (=)
"
* [ 4 " > +< - . "
4 " :paramastitis [D -] E- @" <"$
K 1 =" [
* > +< E- @"
4 " > +< parameniscus [D -] f <"
[ $
[D -] , $ " <" * > +< parameniscitis [D -] f " <"
$ $ *
* [4 " > +< parametrium
4 " > +< parametritis [D -] ,$ " <"$
[
" [ " K 1 " [ *
$ > ,8 I 4 " :paranephritis [D -] " <"$
([D -] [ * " A 6" [
4 " =) [D -] [ *" <"$ * [ 4 " > +<
> +< ) >" " 4 " :paraphrenitis (= periphrenitis)
'." [* " [
([D -] 1 * [ 4 "
$. " A6" [ 4 " =) [D -] 1
$. " <"$

g > +< 1 K 1 =" [
$." 4 " :paraprostatitis (= periprostatitis)
.< pararhizoclasia [D-] $: * " <" $ *

8 "
!
. ). " - - +(resembling)
). :
.1 .F
1 !0 %2. W (almost) D.$ (closely resembling the true form)
:paradysentery [D -] $ 7= " $ >
? " :'( < * $ +_"$ 2 _.
> +< Shigella flexneri $ M
1 " 8 " & ,* +3 2 $ 7 .
).
41(

[D -] !8 I " C $ " $ > +< parakeratosis [D -] $= " $

4.
2 I :parastruma [D -] C " $ > +< paramyoclonus
٢٩٥ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
:paratuberculosis > +< ( >$ - O$ * " ) <$-= " L- (
-- M" [%
$" -= .
G
8 " & ,*
8 1= " O$ A $ F ) 8 1=
). " 8

- :[D -] 1= " $ .5
=) (Johne's disease) [D -] * "- .6 (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
O$ > +< (chronic dysentery of cattle [D -] " !0 7 " $7"
=
%
"

A J" E
L- & :paratyphoid [D -] 8
5 & *
> ). X< (Salmonella typhi) 8 " 1 " "- & 1
< [D -] 8 1= " $ . G
8 .6 [D -] 8 1=
). .5 :paratuberculous
.< paracrystals [D-] <" $." <"
$ > <"$ +O$
?. [
4( 7 $ /para-/ 6 3$
.1 [ I "
" !0] .L
!0 ;"- . 1" 40 R
! I - 7 . '& = - /p-/ 6" 3
$.

+5) "7 9
= "7 9 >
:'( < + .$"
.$ 1" " 'J" .$ " ! $ :
+< p-xylene = para-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene) (7 ." @ != 6@9D
O % & ,*" !0 <
- . <A @ . ":( .< p-nitrophenol 0$ 9 >
.6 " < . $" #:4 %
2"
1J" $" +- * , /p-/ % /para-/ .

D > +< parenchyma [D -]
> < 6 % .> /par-/ $

% - > !
< A" [

4 " :paronychia [D -] P
"- > +< parenteral [D -]
.< $ =. A
"
*1"
alongside of/ :# !" /para/ $8 *"
3 $ 8@ ! " /para-/ "
]
[($" * . [
$>) /near/ % ([* .) /beside %
– .[" %
" & - T $ 1
– .[$AI" '2$ 1" :D/ A 2 A 2 ( A 2 )}
.$ 2. L :) !0 – .)/
A2 : .c 0 ?A
2 – .G
$ @ " - 1" ,/
" :( A
2"
) .
A
2 (1) ./ A
2 ! + A
2 +
A 2

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٩٦
"

,(,- +(!

, 4. [
G A" :" A , 4 7 + 7"
2" $0" :! $ A
` & R- ! 0 ., I
"

{}
{-1"
.(D +5) $ " !0 ;"- . 1" 40 R

" . CI '& ;@
- ! " 7 ." <

. 0$ 9, +(,) (7 ." @ != 6@9D +5) "7 9 +(%)

Two examples of disubstituted benzene derivatives with substituents in
the para- position. (A), p-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene); (B), p-
nitrophenol.
peri-
> # H .6 .< periacetabular [V ] G 8 " > ! .5 :
.1
,$* E $` 1" [ " $"- !0 A [$> :!1" ` _I" perihelion
:perigee È$ " _I" > +< [-$"] [H 3E 3
] P" '( $2a È1
periacinal (= > +< [-$"] [H3E 3
] _$J" '( $" $"- !0 A [$>
> +< [D -] . R .
A .6 [V ] . , * .5 :periacinous)
.8 .< [D -] P$ ..
A .6 [V ] P$ . , * .5 :peripancreatic
.(,) .< perisinuous [D -] [ * .
A > 38M XG8 A X
.(%)

" ! 0 – (- - I "
< & 7 * ) . A K 1 =" K 1" :(!
2 "
] .< periarthritis [D -] % " A6" [4
" " > -itis .
[( = around =) /peri/
٢٩٧ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
circum-
E" > +< circumcorneal [D -] $ > ! :
.1
=) /circum/ /" ] ./peri-/ :D I $ " .< circumoral [D -]
[( = around
post-
> [subsequent to] (7" @
T* R ) :
.1 .5
R
- :postdiastolic [D-] A1 ./ > +< T*" - . :postcoital [D-]
2 . - . R
G :postdiphtheritic [D -] G

- > +< A
2 1.;"
- .
:postfebrile (= metapyretic) [D -] '
> +< ' " - . R
- > +<
[D -] < > +< postmastectomy [D -] E- @" %6 1;

- . R :postnatal [D -]

- > +< < " - . R :postmortal

-

:postoperative [D -] "$* "
- . R
- > +< -" '( . 1 8. +O-;
. %Y"
- . R :post-traumatic [D -] B I

- $ > +< " $* &

:postcibal (= postprandial)(=) [D -] J" - . > (after) < 4 D*

C I " :postpartum [D -] C I " - . > +< .* "
- . R
- - . R

-
.< postvital staining [D -] E
> +< ,8J" '( . 1 8. +O -;
8 " - . "
3 2 > [posterior to % behind] ( " , :
.1 .6
R ) 2
> R " 3
2 > +< postauricular (= retroauricular) [D -] : J" "
%

,
" 3 2 :posthyoid [D -] ! 8 f7 " 3
2 > +< postganglionic [D -]
[D -] 8 " 3
A 2 > +< postrenal [D -] " 3 2 > +< ! 8 /"

? 3
:postbrachial [D -] !W 2 E W - I
& > (posterior) V % , < postsplenic
> +< [ "
3 2 :postcordial [D -] !W 2 !W .> > +< - I !8 2"
7 *"
2 =" > +< - & 1 E 8 $ 4 " [
*"
'& :postcubital [D -] !W 2 E
W - & 1

0
12 / .(
/ ٢٩٨
"

,(,- +(!

!= 2"
3 " > +< 2
%
= != 2"
S= " :posthypophysis [D -] 2"
postmediastinum; mediastinum ([D -] ! = 2"
3 %
" 3
* =) [D -]
> +< posterius; posterior mediastinum (= posterior mediastinal cavity)
> [ & < postnaris (= choana) ([D -] $ " $2 "
=) [D -] != 2"
-7 A
" . & > +< postalbumin [D-] .J" [
=) [D -] A
&
.< postzone (= zone of antigen excess) [V ] <" - I
1"

./meta-/ C $ > ./meta-/
.1" $ +/ante-/ _
"
!
[ (3
2 X- . = after =) ($5* 3
$
3 ) /post/ /" ]

$
retro-
2 > - - I , <* :
.1 .5

" %3 & 7 * (behind) 2
[D -] " 3 2 > +< retroauricular (= postauricular) [D -] B " 2
" 3 2 =) [V ] " 3 2 > +< " P " 3 2 :retropubic
./post-/ C $ > .< " 3 2
C>" :retrorenal (= postrenal) ([D-]
(! 5 1 & #
*8 . !W * $ 2 ,
EH) /backward/ :
.1 .6

$ 1 (#* 8 ;" !0) P
] /contrary to the usual or natural course/ %
[D -] !W & * $
N > (!W & * $ ) /retrograde/ % [! .A" -
8 "

[D -] C *" $"
G $ A . ^
> 6
'
*
% < retroplasia

[D -] C *" $"
G $ A . J @ > +< *"
,8J" L- & :retroinfection

< 61 (C *" $"
G $ A.) !5 & * $ $ * . 3 * 1F :retrojection

< !W * $ !W 1 & !W *=
0 :retrostalsis [D -] !W 1 & K=

> !W 1 &
. >
C*" $ < retrognathia (= retrognathism) [D-] H

E" C*"
$ >
C*"$
< retrography (= mirror writing) [D -]
a$
. =) [D -]
*" $

[D -] !W 2 [/

" > !W 2 < retroverted [D -] 32 [
> 32
٢٩٩ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
" @ +32"

[/ #* 8 . 7 *" I
"
(/ ) [/

" :retroversion
[D -] !W 2 $
% > +< !
" $ "
8 I
'( .18. 3

2" '( , $ "

$ " > +< DO$ . 3
!W 2 3" 2"
'( )0 P -= !W * = $
%
$" :retrocollis
W 2 ^
retrodeviation (= retrodisplacement; [D -] !
7 " =) [D -]
! 2"
[/ ;"
,W & B
A
%
'( ^
X32" 7 " E = :retroposition)
> +< L$2 @;"
@;" <0$" " (retroflexion) ! 2" (retroversion)
'( ) > 3$ R . 7 * I &
@ " :retroflexion [D -] != 2"
O - "7 '( DI
) & 3 2"
'( , $" ,1 *
@ " +%2. +32"

" > +< @;"

" :retroversioflexion [V ] 2
[/
@" [/ !0
:retropharynx [D -] != 2" , ."

> !W 2 X< ! 5 2 @" C
$ !W 2
? @) backward =} (
) /retro/ /" ] .< , ." 7 *"
!= 2"
[{(3 2 ) behind % (J 8
?@) back % (!W * $ !5 1 & #* . 32"
, $ 3 != 2"
[/
;"
retroversion of uterus

0
12 / .(
/ ٣٠٠
"

,(,- +(!

, $ 3 != 2"

@;"
retroflexion of uterus
pro-
" =) [D -] B " 2" , > (in front of) 0: :
.1 .5
% ,
[D -] >" , > +< pro-otic = prootic (= preauricular) [D -] B " 2

[D -] G %8 " ,
> +< E 8 $ 4 " ."
, :prochordal (= prechordal)
7 $ " , .5 :prozonal > +< properitoneal (= preperitoneal)
A
] A A
8 .6 I
< [D -] [<& " . G 7$ M ,
"
C>" :[D-]
> 0 b +(forward) , J" '(
@ " > +< procursive [D -] $= " !=

> !` " - > X< ,J" '( +-1*" @" @ +@ " :procurvation [D -] ,e

, - > 0 < , J" ' ( $ . 3

% :proal() [D -] $" != "

- >
< proventriculus [D-] [" ] O - " , - > +< proamnion [D-] '1
< proencephalon (= prosencephalon) [D -] , - " Q -8 " > ,
-
H ()
* ? $
%&
V
*/-al/ )4 /pro-/ )(, V
@$+ *WC /proal/ C
.?
C > J1 H A0
$
L ?

! &() A(1B, 3 C $+
٣٠١ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
> E" - > > - > X< proestrum (= proestrus) [D -] C " <
-8 >
7
$ . ,
-8 X< propodite [D-] [<"$ ] >" - > > +< proatlas [D-]
advancing or projecting forward or ) h$ 2"
,J" '( 7
$ .
< * $ +< procheilia (= prochilia) [D -] " 7
$ . > (outward
" .$& ' ( . 1 " #: 4. - . . $
> > 0 :7 ' & O-
:prognathia; prognathism (= progenia) ([D -] P

1 =) [D -]
'( . 1 8. +! =1"
%2. +! =1" E " " - J :5 7$. . 3
%

./pre-/ /ante-/ :DI $" .< O 2 $" ) * 1
) * "

:prochondral [D -] 3 $I
.1 > * > + :
.1 .6
R
- M G
[ % %
.1 > +< 3 $I = .>
2( .> :progamous [D -] [ 2d G M"
!= $ 1*$. .6 [D -] _
. 1 .5 :progestational > + 0 :7 ' & O- " .$&
F9 1 7/
.< progeria (=Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome) ([D-]
, 7 Y > (precursor)

" A [ " !0] .(%) :
.1 .8
O - :prohormone [D -] $4" > +< proenzyme [D -]
A
> +< proprotein [D -] $ ." A
A > +< $ ' (
DI $" X< 0 '(
O- :provitamin [D -]
." 1 > (precursor) %

A + .(,) ./-gen/ " N" M
%" 8
> +< proerythrocyte [D -] " $ " 1 > +< procelia [D -] !8 . *"

8" 1 > +< promonocyte (= premonocyte) [D -] O - " 1

0
12 / .(
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"

,(,- +(!

promyelocyte; progranulocyte (= ([D -] 8" 1 =) [D -]

.< premyelocyte)
- 8N =) [V ] [,

1 "] _ 4*d - 8N " >
1 :
. 1 .D
>
+_ 4*Y" - 8N :proabortionist (= pro-choicer) ([D-] _ 4*Y
4*d
pro- [V ] _ _ " =) [V ] O - 8N " > +< 9 > ) * E
[D -] $ 8@2 " .5 :procoagulant > )% < lifer (= antiabortion)
A
[D -] . 8 = 8
- 7 > +< [D -] $ @2 " 7
.6
$ @$."
.< prothrombinogenic
[(,"- > X,
X .> = before =) /pro/ " /" ]
(P
1 =) !8 1= "
8 " ,0

mandibular prognathism (= progenia)
٣٠٣ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
pre-
[D -] h$ " , > (in front of % anterior to) 0 : :
.1 .5

=) [D -] : J" "
% , > +< preaortic [D-] $ 4. J" , > +< preanal
[D -] , 3> " , > +< preauricular (= pro-otic = prootic) [D-] B " 2" ,
[D -] >" , > +< precentral [D -] 7 $ " , > +< precardiac

[D -] T/ I J" ,
> +< E 8 $ 4 " ."
,
:prechordal (= prochordal)
> +< preperitoneal (= properitoneal) [D -] G % 8 " , > +< precostal
> +< prebase [D -]
>" ,- > 0 < prepyloric [D -] ["

." ,

[D -] *; " -8 > < pregonium [D -] "7 " , -
> +< precoma [D -] . . M " < -8 > < precollagenous
[D -] K $8 " < -8 > +< prediabetes [D -] E 8 $ 1= " < -8
> - > < preeclampsia [D -] h $; " < -8 > +< prediverticular
+< prehallux [D -] ,- " , 4.( - > > +< precapillary [D-] O$ = " - >
.< premaxilla [D-] ! 3R
H E" - > >

% Q :
. 1 .6
)
[D -] < .> > before ( 7
E8 $ $ 1" .> > +< precarcinomatous [D-] A$ 1 " .> > +< prebacillary
J" .> > +< preconvulsive [D -] h/ 2; " .> > +< preclinical [D-]
[D -] $ 8 " O " .> > before ( )
Q < preprandial [D -]
"
$ " . > < preganglionic [D -] > R " .> > +< preductal
. > +< preadult [D -] M ." . > +< preadolescence [D -]
+< premenstruum [D -] _ " . > +< precartilage [D-] 3 $I
M
[D -] . G
. 1 > * > + < pretuberculosis [D -] 8 1= " . >
2 G
_
. 1 > +< preoperative [D -] " $ * G
. 1 > +< precritical

0
12 / .(
/ ٣٠٤
"

,(,- +(!

< prepartal (= antepartal = antepartum) ([D -] C I " .> =) [D -]
, I
4" G . 1 > " G
. 1 X< prediastole [D -] A 1.; "G . 1 > " G . 1
>G
. 1 < prefabricated [D -] C % = " G . 1 > +< predigested [D -]
=) [D -] A$ 1 > < predigestion [D -] G
. 1 ,
I

.< precancerous (= premalignant) ([D-] @.2"
> +< predentin [D -] 1 >

A R "
A :
. 1 .8
> +< prehormone [D -] $4" > +< prehepaticus [D -] - .
A
A

2 =) [D -] A 1 " > +< preload [D -] " A
A
> +< prespermatid (= secondary spermatocyte) [D -]
@
A
[D -] O - " 1 > (precursor) %
+ < previtamin [D -]

premyelocyte (= [D -] 8" 1 > +< premonocyte (= promonocyte)
[D -] $4" A
3 1 > 2 +
< promyelocyte = progranulocyte)
> +< preproinsulin [D -] 1 J" 3
A 1 > +< preprohormone
8"
$ . 1 > . 1 < preproprotein [D -] $ ."
A
3 1
[D -] O - 1 * " .1 > +< 8"
$ J $
.
:premyeloblast [D -]
.< presomite
X, X .> = before =) /prae-/ /" ] ./pro-/ +/ante-/ :DI $"

[( 7 *
supra-
:4 3 ? ! " " )& = - E:" 7 *" G 0 C I :'& = -
.1

supra-acromial (= [D -] ,$ 2
J C > (over % above) 2

8 "
E C
B A 1 " '& :supracranial [D -] 3 > +< superacromial)
supraoccipital (= ([D -] $ " > C
=) [D -] ": C
> +< 3
٣٠٥ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
supraduction; [D -] ( )! 3

> ! 3
< superoccipital)
supravergence [D -] ! 3
B

* > +< sursumduction (= superduction)
$ /super-/ .1
@ ' "
":4. ! X< (= sursumvergence)
on the upper / % (C ) /above/ = /" ] ./infra-/ .1 " _

[ (E8 " [ *"
'& ) /side
super-
% % +(more than normal) ! .A" $@ :
. 1 .5
+< superacid [D -] I 8 -8 " & -6"7 ) (excessive)
.A"
" A$ > (! 8
O - " A$ > +< superactivity (= hyperactivity) [D -] A - >

superdistention [D -] --= - > +< superacute (= hyperacute) [D -]
[D -] ( 1 *" <M . %"
8 ) A $ ' @ >
A$ < (= hyperdistention)
1 1" A$ > +< supernutrition [D -]
A
$
: M > +< superfemale
.< supersensitive [D-]
superacromial (= supra- [D -] ,$ 2 J C :

.1 .6
> 2
=) [D-] $ " > C
superoccipital (= ([D -] ": C > +< acromial)
$ * < superfetation [D -] " ? 3
" > ? 3
< supraoccipital)
[D -]
> 0
. > +< superantigen [D-] $ * -W I 1 > (G 0 '( .1 8")

O$ : ) > " ' %
$ = " > (G 0 '( . 1 8") !W > 0 < superstructure
> +< superfine [D -] =" G 6 0 > G6 0 X< superaurale [D -] (B" 2
> +< E 8 1 " ! .A" $ @ :supernormal [D -] "
8 1 " G
6 0

.6 (ultrasonic [D-] !5 %
T$ 1 C ) [D-] < %" G 60 .5 :supersonic
> ? 3
2 < supermaxilla [D -] ! 3R 3
< [D-] <
HE > ! %"
I( !W A .5 :superparasite > !W 0
!W 0 I( < superego [D -] " J"

0
12 / .(
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"

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> +< (= hyperparasite) [D -] (! 5 A '& !W A) !8 =A" != A .6 [D-]
.< superinfection [D-] (^
?3
^
)
0I( ^

/" .1 -
"
1;" P
O$@ " !0 - "
4 1"

] ./hyper-/ C $ . 1 " $ ! X/supra-/
> ./hyper-/ "
[{(G A h$ 2 ) beyond % (C ) above =} /super/ /"
sy-
> :/z/ 3$ " % ) E:" /s/ 3$" .> /syn-/
2
M
.> <

%

.< syzygy [D-] "
$ " > +< systaltic [D-] _
.
syl-
.< syllepsis > :/l/ 3$ "
.> /syn-/
2
M
%
sym-
[D -] 7
$ > :/m/ +/p/ +/b/ 3$ "
.> /syn-/
2
M
%
.< symmetry [D-] $
> +< symphony [-$"] 1 > +< symbol
syn-
/co-/ .1" P D-8N +" 1 . <
!0 - *
.1

2 >
.5 : . $ < Q %
6 !0 1 < synthesis [D-] G
synergy; synergia (= ([D -] $7g +
=) [D -]
$7g > 7
! % 7
A 4." * _2
$ 2 %" !0
A :O$ > :syncline > +< synergism)
:<>" A ) .6 .< syngenesis [D -]
*
1 > +< [A"]. $
7 C$ > +< synchrony [D -]
"7 > ) 1 <

" >" !0 -" < > !0

[D -] $ " , " 3 *" >
> S> = .8 .< synclonus [D -]
< syndrome [D -]
7/ XG0"$ X< syncelom
$ > G > 0>)D

> +< synkinesis (= syncinesis) ([D -]
. %
$ =) [V ]
.
%
٣٠٧ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
P " 8 6$" 4 / [ %

[ " % > +< synpneumonic [D -] E 8 [

P W > G ! < synteny [D -] !W * [

% > +< synreflexia [D -]
[D -] $ 0$ I F ,

" > 0 .D .< synesthesia [D -] [
"
<
/1= " , " > +< synostosis [D -] $ & ,

" > +< synchondrosis
% </. 1" - > < synphalangism (= symphalangia) [D -]
8 " > +< synsepalous (= gamosepalous) [-$ "] [< .] < 1? "
-
K - > O " +< synorchidism (= synorchism) [D -] % 2
synonychia [D -] E 2" h
- " > +< synadelphus [D -] [V1 ] - 1 *"
> *% < syncheilia (= synchilia) [D -] " G
% " > * <

[D -] " A . $ " > $ "
< syndactyly [D -] C . % J" G
" "
A1 > > + Q: < synophrys [D -] .* $ > " > A < syngnathia
[ -] O$"$ " < .@ > & .% " F .F .< synarthrophysis [D -] $ %

:
:synonym [D-] 3
-"$ > +< O$$" " *$- P ) :synthermal
[V ] G 2 Y \ > =
V
, .L : % < M " P ! 0 +L$ 2

$ K
[
7 %2. XG2 " !0 1 7
F :syngas (= synthesis gas)
.> /sy-/ - . $ < .$ " -1 E *$-4" !
8 - 5 11 .

+/l/ 3$ " % ) E:" /s/ 3$"
.> /syl-/ - . +/z/ 3$ " .> <

./s/ 3$ "
.> /sys-/ - . /m/ +/ph/ +/p/ +/b/ .> /sym-/- .
together % (C
) with =} /syn/ " ] ./con-/ /" .1" $
[{(D 1 XD )
sys-
[D -] !W I
&
A.$ > :/s/ 3$ "

.> /syn-/
2
M

%
.< syssarcosis

0
12 / .(
/ ٣٠٨
"

,(,- +(!

co-
=
% S : +/con-/ . 1
2
M
8 X9 1 7 6 %
[D -]
- .
/
> <6 %
.> 1 +6 I .
.
0"$ ^
> +< coaxial [D -] $ " ! 0 > +< coadaptation

$
> /h/ 3$ " .> +< coordination G
1 XG
1 > +< coinfection [D -]
[D -] 0$ > /gn/ .> +< cohabit (h"7J" & %2.) c
;" $ 0" . /co-/ . 1" Q %
h +$ I" < >" ! 0 < cognition
O$ " " 1 - * <

N !0 $ X$ g "
> < % E? 8 . - . (bases) P DO-
:G "
' . J" _ . ! 0 +< co-conspirator (=conspirator)
I( +< copilot (O$6A !0) .̀$" -&1 > [D-] > #
X!W &$ 0 X!W 0 + X
"

+ "
, &
 0
XWE @
$ - "
, 8 .6 [V ] ! Y 7 " , 8 .5 :codeclination > ,8 :
./con-/ :$" .< [V ] !8 1 A M "

col-
!W . * .5 :collateral > :/l/ 3$ "
.> /com-/
2
M
.5
%
.< [D-] [D-]
[D -] B >" % .6
.> /colo-/
2
M
6 1 " > :<6 % %
.< colectomy
com-
=
% S 8 X9 1 7 6 : +/con-/ . 1
2
M
%
$ > /" 1 . <
X3 !0 - * ! +6 I . .

+/p/ +/b/ 3$ " .> . $ < Q %
!0 1 +< commit [ $
٣٠٩ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
> +< 3 a X- " X- X, I

6 " X3 " X, I
XC * " XC * :combine > :/m/ %
./con-/ :$" .< commingle h7 Xh7 > +< compare $
con-
=
% S 8 X9 1 7 6 : + /" < +
.1
+/h/ +/b/ 3$J" "-& ) < % .> 1 +6 I . .

> +< concomitant [ % > +< concentric 7
"

$ > (/r/ +/p/ +/l/

B % X$ M :condone > +< convene (T *;" ' () &- XC *
[D -]
% > :/n/ 3$ " .> +(assimilation) @ . + +< & 'IM
+/m/ +/b/ +/p/ 3$ " .> /com-/ $ 4 ! < connection
] ./syn-/ "
$ X<6% .> /col-/
.> /co-/ +/l/ 3$ "
[{(9 1 XD ) together % (C ) with =} /cum/ /"
trans-
. " '& D <
[" *"
* <"
&
$ :
:
.1 .5
.< trans-dichloro-ethylene [V ] @(93 != 6@9P"$ > E 7 *

<7"ٕ 6
</& 1 !0 W (transfer) " :
.1 .6
- J" &
:transamination [D -] J" >
*
&
[D -] [,7 ( ] J" > > +< $ 2a $ (NH2C=NH)
' ( [
_ J" &* ,7 ( :transaminase (= aminotransferase)

> +< Q
(2-keto acid) 69!5 _ '( (α-amino acid) !
(CH3CO–) 1 J" &* :transacetylation [D -] [& ] 1

J
transacetylase (= [D -] [,7 ( ] 1 J" > > +< $2a $
'( [
.< $2a '( [ $ 1J" <& * ,7 ( :acetyltransferase)

0
12 / .(
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"

,(,- +(!

[D -] - * " G . > (through) *

$ A :
. 1 .8
" G . > +< transcutaneous (= percutaneous)
transpalatal [D -] $ A
.<
:transseptal [D -] 7 * " $. & > (across) # :
.1 .D

% S 8 " /2 :transsternal [D-] g 2
/
>" $ . & > +< #$ . & 7 *
.< #$ . &
/2 G$ A
($ . & G$ A .) through =} /trans/ /" ]
[{($ . & ) across %
٣١١ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
1
7 E
40$ D [ " , @ .! ? 4$ .>
! " .1 " 6" $ 2"
..1" 1

' "
,8
04
* ! +

C

epi-
A . + 2" - +@ intra-

.8 " .6 *
2 +
+/ # .5
trnas-
(6 " < 1 " !0) *!%

" 1 " $@ +A$ +- +A"$ 0 Y" hyper-
more than normal E 1" -8 "

8 $@
) 3 2" R ) !
+( 7" " post-
( " R

.> +,
ante-
+ > ) > ;

( + +
- , E
2
+

……………………. ……………… more than normal .5
……………………. ……………… within .6
……………………. ……………… before .8
……………………. ……………… upon .D
……………………. ……………… across .F
……………………. ……………… behind .L

0
12 / .(
/ ٣١٢
"

,(,- +(!

&
- L$2a D.1 A , @ . V G
."1 " 5 E7* Y" ' "
[ " .#
.)1 ' "

Y,: > + ?"
F +
)
' " K
' - +

% " E"

%
………… ………… "$ ;" con- .5
- ! 0) !W 8 +!

` 67 * hemi- .6
J" , 1 *" ! %

………… ………… !` %
+($1J"
………… ………… XAY" X
O$ * " peri- .8
+C +-̀ I
+-̀ I anti- .D

………… ………… _$
………… ………… 1
+
- +<
infra- .F
/&
< 1. . N \ % '( G ." 1 ,= I ]" < A %
"
.-
3 " $%
$8 & , @ < & '( <A
%
"
#: , 18 > +(6 AA2 ) , 1 "
.) B A
% "

)
' " K F %
F
+ F ' <

………… ………… P " TA " apnea .5
………… ………… ,I 4" $ 1 & dyspepsia .6

A$0
P8 " hyperesthesia .8
………… …………
………… ………… [- * :1]
- * diaphysis .D
………… ………… " P8 ," - "

P anaphia .F
٣١٣ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
.
%" ,81> .U
]" < A

)
' " K F %
F
+ F ' <

…………… ……… 3 J" 3 2 postnasal .5
E - @" A 6" [
…………… ……… 4 " perimastitis .6
…………… ……… - *"

< subcutaneous .8
…………… ……… - *"

< hypodermic .D
…………… ……… R A" $ 1 & dysmenorrhea .F
$ " .D
. V 3
F H G!
I 4 )
' " 8 F %
F ' <

……………………. birth O -; .>
" ante/nat/al .5
………….……… paralysis !W %

hemi/plegia .6
………………. formation
1 " S
K= hypo/plasia .8
………………… the skin - J" G .
$ A trans/derm/al .D
…………………. the ribs .) !W .$ inter/cost/al .F
(T/
I J"
…………. the peritoneum %"
G 8 3 2 retro/periton/eal .L
………………. the mouth ,. X," G .
$ A per/or/al .M
………………… infection $
4 A
anti/sepsis .N

0
12 / .(
/ ٣١٤
"

,(,- +(!

A
. V <
% "
.S
<

)
' " K ' %

' F H G!
<

,I
4" $ 1 &
bad digestion 1. …………. pepsia
upon the skin
O$ ."
2. …………. dermis
2"
2" - within the cell 3. ………… cellular
! + " C

above the kidney 4. …………… renal
"
C
against fertilization 5. ………… ception
B without strength 6. ………… sthenia

I in fornt of molar (teeth)
7. ………….. molar

[" I:1]

\=.
more than normal blood 8. ………….. emia
` B) '

:! ? '&
%" . *
J" ." *"
[" $ 2"
*"
:/a-/ +
.
. %
J"
.1 .%
./in-/ /" .1
O$
.,

./un-/ 7 * Y"
.1
O$
.1

.$ " ! " '& = - E +
$
0
.1 .
.(vowel) < 6%" .> 1 .
./h/ 3$ "
.> (consonant) <%" .> /an-/ $ % .
٣١٥ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!

5/f/ 2 C! 5! " F> ' :" /ad-/ +
Q /af-/
.
ad-/ + /d/ !

# E +
4 ! 5( ) /afferent/

'
I& /f/ !
:R! 7 ;
I& /f/ ! EH /
.
67 *
@ .%
.

@ .,
.
O$ *
@ .1
./assimilation/ .
:A > %1 [(I

! , " 8 ) !
0+ ] /anaphase/ .
4 !
.A0 ; .1 .%
./phase/ /" /ana-/ .1" .,
./aphase/ N "
M%" /an-/ .1" .1
.
$ : * .1

.
:/ante-/ + .9
./antecubital/ !0 +,
:' . 1 -> .%
./antenatal/ !0 + .> :' . 1 -> .,
2 :' . 1 -> .1
.3
.- . :' . 1 -> .
:/anti-/ + .7
:'. 1 -> .%
./antiperistalsis/ !0 +P
./antispasmodic/ !0 +-̀I :' . 1 -> .,
./antibody/ :' . 1 -> .1
:' . 1 -> .

.J

0
12 / .(
/ ٣١٦
"

,(,- +(!

:/contra-/ + .B
./contraincision/ !0 +. :' . 1 -> .%
./contralateral/ !0 +P . :' . 1 -> .,
./contraceptive/ !0 +<8.@ :' . 1 -> .1
. :' . 1 -> .
:/dis-/ +
.6
./discontinuous/ !0 +$ F :! -> .%
./disalignment/ !0 +-8* :! -> .,
.!8 1 :! -> .1
.$ . & :! -> .
:/dys-/ +
.C
.!8 1 :! -> .%
./dysuria/ !0 +$1 & :! -> .,
.,N :! -> .1
.È 1 :! -> .
./eu-/ _
.

Q 7-# /em-/
C! 5A 3 !: , !: :" /en-/ + .5

!
E + 5(> ) /embolus/ 5/p/! 5/m/! 5/b/
! %=

!
1 /b/ !
/m/ !

; EH /en-/ 1 /n/ !

4

! %=
:
. @ .%
.67 * @ .,
٣١٧ E E E E E E E, : <, 3
FE
!
.O$ * @ .1
. * $ @ .
. -= @ .
= " $

:A > N !
(.% ") /episcleritis/
[4 .;
$ : * .1
.; .%

2"-
.; .1 .,
. N $: *
.1 .1
./-itis/ /" /cler-/ $:*" /epis-/ .1" .
.$: *
- 6"7 .
:@0 /hemicolectomy/ 0 ' .
. " 3 % %6 1" .%

.B >3 J"
3 %8" %6 1" .,

. $1J" 3 %8" %6 1" .1

.!= 67 *"
" %6 1" .
.B > <-
* .
:/seminormal/ .
.!5 3 %
:'( , * $ .%
.A0 ; .1
F %
.,
. N .1
F % .1
.O$ N M
% .1
F
% .
:/hypo-/ +
.
.(,- " ,1
) /hypocalcemia/ !0 +S> : .%
S

0
12 / .(
/ ٣١٨
"

,(,- +(!

.(,- " ,1

S ) /hypocalcemia/ !0 +S : .,
.( 1 $%>) /hypogonadism/ !0 +$%> : .1
" -- M"
.( 1 $%>) /hypogonadism/ !0 +$%
" -- M"
> : .

./hypospadias/ !0 +!` :'( ,* $ -> .

:A > N ! (,- " ,1
S
) /hypocalcemia/ .9
$: * .1 .%
.;
.$ : *
- 6"7 .,

/" /-em/ /calc-/ $ : *" +S> :! ! " +/hypo-/ .1" .1
./-ia/
+S :! ! " +/hypo-/ .1 " .
f /-em/ /calc-/ $ : *"
./-ia/

./-emia/ "
N "
M %"
8 /calc-/ $: *" /hypo-/ .1" .
./-emia/ /" /calc-/ $: *" /hypo-/ .1" .
:/hyper-/ +
.7
./excessive/ % /more than normal/ % : .%
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:$ " .B % " : /homeo-/
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hetero-

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C.% $
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2" $ M %
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%
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:
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$M % " M
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O$ M %

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O$@ " !0 M %"
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micro- [D -] %
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$ M %

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$ 4*
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2
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> (new)
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[D -] - -8 " > +< polydysplasia [D -] --8 "
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; < polydystrophy

polyadenous [D -] 4 " - -& 4 " - -8 >
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I . " <* - -= > +< polyandry [D -] ." - -= 1
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Longman Group Limited, First edition, 1985.

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Webster, Incorporated, 2003.
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المفاهيم الأساسية لعلم المصطلحات الطبية الإنجليزية والعربية والتعريب للدكتورين نصر مصطفى خباز وأسامة ريس وتقديم أ. د. محمد هيثم الخياط

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المفاهيم الأساسية لعلم المصطلحات الطبية الإنجليزية والعربية والتعريب للدكتورين نصر مصطفى خباز وأسامة ريس وتقديم أ. د. محمد هيثم الخياط

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