12/19/2018 Internal Combustion Engines Nomenclature, Performance Parameters and Power Ratings | marinersgalaxy

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about all the engine performance parameters like IHP, BHP Todiwan March 15, 2018
Volumetric E ciency Watch: How They Put A NEW Bow
and also about MCR, astern output etc. These are the basic terms Thruster March 9, 2018
that you need Update: Maersk Honam Fire
to know when you are studying the Internal Combustion Engine. Incident, 4 Dead and 1 Crew Still
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Internal Combustion Engines Professional grooming and

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Nomenclature
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Cylinder
Bore (d) – The nominal
mariners_g… V
inner diameter of the working cylinder is called as cylinder bore. It is 684 followers

denoted by the letter‘d’ and is usually expressed in mm.

Piston
Area (A) – The area of
circle of diameter equal to the cylinder bore is called as piston area. It
is
denoted by the letter ‘A’ and is expressed in cm2.
Stroke
(L) – The nominal
distance through which piston moves between successive reversals
of its
direction of motion is called the stroke. It is denoted by the letter ‘L’
and
is usually expressed in mm. 
Stroke
to Bore Ratio (L/d) –
This ratio is an important parameter in classifying the size of engine.
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d < L it is called under-square engine
If
d = L it is called square engine 59 likes
If mariners_galaxy
d  > L it is called as over square engine.
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Centre – The position of
working piston and the moving parts which are connected to it, so Add a comment...
when the
piston motion is reversed at the either end of the stroke is called the
dead
centre. There are two dead centres in an engine. They are Top Dead
Centre and
Bottom Dead Centre.
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12/19/2018 Internal Combustion Engines Nomenclature, Performance Parameters and Power Ratings | marinersgalaxy

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Dead Centre (TDC) – It
is the dead centre when the piston is farthest from the crank shaft. It
771
is
denoted as TDC for vertical engines and Inner Dead Centre (IDC) for Sailor
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Dead Centre (BDC) – It
Sailing
is a dead centre when piston is nearest to the crankshaft. It is
Days
denoted as BDC
for vertical engines and Outer Dead Centre (ODC) for horizontal
engines.
Displacement Try Our E Books
or Swept Volume (Vs) –
The nominal volume swept by the working piston when travelling
from one dead
centre to other is called the displacement volume. It is denoted by Vs
and expressed
in cubic centimeter (cc). Vs = A x L
Cubic
capacity or engine capacity
– The displacement volume of a cylinder multiplied by number of
cylinders in an
engine will give cubic capacity or engine capacity.
Clearance
Volume (Vc) – The
nominal volume of combustion chamber above the piston when it is
at top dead
centre is known as clearance volume. It is denoted by Vc and
expressed in cubic
centimeter (cc).
Read this interesting article: Problem in Engine, While Running and How
to Solve it
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Compression
Ratio (r) – It is ratio of total cylinder volume when piston is at bottom
dead
centre to the clearance volume. It is denoted by letter ‘r’(Total cylinder
volume = Swept volume + clearance volume)          Hence,   r = Vc + Vs 
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compression ratio is
therefore xed by strength of cylinder, bearing and other parts
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whose stresses
are determined by peak values of mechanical and thermal loading.
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Thermal E ciency – Eligibility, Booking, Results and
Syllabus
Indicated thermal e ciency is the ratio of energy in indicated power (
i.e.
output generated in the cylinder)  to
Read these
input fuel energy in appropriate units. Indicated Power is measured
by taking
indicator diagram from engine cylinder. Properties and
Brake Speci cations of
Thermal E ciency – LSHFO, MDO, and
H...
Brake thermal e ciency is the ratio of energy in the brake power ( i.e.
Read about fuel Oil Speci cations
output available at the driving shaft of engine) to input fuel energy in like LSHFO, MDO, and HFO for
Main Engine, and Auxiliary Engine
appropriate units. Brake Power can be measured by using hydraulic Used on Ship. These are particular
dynamometer. for a ship and ...

Mechanical
E ciency – Mechanical What is
Overspeed Trip,
e ciency is de ned as ratio of brake power (delivered power) to the
its types and how
indicated power ( power provided to the piston ).
it works
An overspeed trip is required to
ensure that fuel supply will be cut
o from engine if its speed
exceeds the predetermined value.
Over speeding wi...
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12/19/2018 Internal Combustion Engines Nomenclature, Performance Parameters and Power Ratings | marinersgalaxy

Marine
Engineering
Practice
Questions And
Answer-P...
Here are some of the questions
for oral preparation for your
engineer COC examinations. This
article covers the Marine
Engineering Practice question...

What is Tappet
Clearance and
how to take and
Volumetric
adjus...
E ciency – Volumetric
This article discusses about the
e ciency is ratio of volume of air drawn in the cylinder (at normal importance that tappet clearance
holds in 4 stroke engines and how
temperature and pressure) to the swept volume. It is one of the we adjust it. Tappet clearance is of
important utmost imp...

parameters which decides the performance of four stroke engines.

How to Start and
Four stroke
Stop Fresh Water
engines have distinct suction stroke and therefore the volumetric
Generator
e ciency Fresh water
indicates the breathing ability of the engine. It must be noted that the generator as
name suggest is an machinery
availability of air and its utilization determines the power output of onboard which is used to
generate fresh water for various
the purposes like drinking, washing
engine. In a naturally aspirated four stroke engine the volumetric etc....

e ciency
IMO Sets 2020 For
is between 85% to 90%.
0.5 % Sulphur
Mean
Limit In Marine
E ective Pressure – It
Fu...
is that theoretical constant pressure which may be assumed to act on In a recent move, international
maritime organization has put .5%
piston sulphur in the marine fuel oil cap.
during its power stroke. It is equal to the average pressure inside the By 2020, all vessels have to
comply with the abo...
cylinder of an IC engine based on calculated or measured power
output.
Marine Main
ip Engine Alarms
= pimLAnK / 60 x 1000 then And Trips
         pim = 60000 x ip / LAnK    where Here get to know
about all the main
          ip = indicated power (kW) engine alarms and Trips that we
       pim = indicated mean e ective pressure have for the main engine. Most of
the times, this questions is asked
( N/m2) by the oral...
       L = Length of stroke (m)
       A Control of

= Area of the piston (m2) Emission from

Ships Exhaust
        N = Speed in RPM
Smoke
        n = Number of power strokes This article discusses about as
how to control the emissions from

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12/19/2018 Internal Combustion Engines Nomenclature, Performance Parameters and Power Ratings | marinersgalaxy

               N/2 for 4 stroke engine and N the ships, thus reducing the air
pollution caused by them. Annex
for 2 stroke engine 6 of MARPOL is al...
        K = Number of cylinders      
Another
way of specifying indicated mean e ective pressure pim is from
engine
indicator diagram (p–V diagram). In this case pim =  Area of indicator
diagram /
length of indicator diagram.
Mean The Future of Buying SU
Piston Speed (sp) – It
is an important engine parameter and is de ned as   sp  = Experience the world of
2LN where    L = stroke and  N = RPM.  Mahindra SUVs and book your
SUV online!
It is often a more appropriate parameter than crank shaft speed for
correlating engine behavior as a function of speed.
The
above expression which is a part of 
power equation  suggests that
power can simply be increased by increasing m.p.s. However it can
be done only
the limitations imposed by following factors:
1) Increase
in m.p.s increases mechanical stresses on bearings, bearing bolts and
other
moving parts. It also increases inertia forces and peak turning
moments.
2) Increase
in m.p.s also decreases service life of reciprocating and rotating pairs
of
engine components. (Though speed is not the only criteria for wear
when working
conditions involve   higher temperatures
and pressures with lubrication being in the thin lm region speed
needs to be
limited for greater reliability and safety. ) 
3) Beyond
certain speed scavenge e ciency drops sharply and this lowers
engine output.
At higher m.p.s. resistance of gases to ow in and out of cylinder
increases
and scavenge e ciency drops. 
Read this: Engine not Starting, What could be the Reason?
Mean
Piston Speed  Classi cation based on it:

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12/19/2018 Internal Combustion Engines Nomenclature, Performance Parameters and Power Ratings | marinersgalaxy

Low
speed  – 
4.5 m/s to 7 m/s
Medium
speed  – 
7m/s to 10 m/s 
High
speed  – 
10 m/s to 15 m/s
Speci c
Fuel Consumption  (sfc) – The fuel consumption characteristics
of an engine are generally expressed in terms of speci c fuel
consumption  in gms / kWhr. It is an important parameter
that re ects how good the engine performance is. It is inversely
proportional
to the thermal e ciency of engine. Fuel consumption is measured by
carrying
out a test which subjects engine to a constant rated load for half an
hour and
consumption of fuel by engine is measured by suitably located fuel
ow meters.
The test is repeated and average value taken as sfc.
Scavenge
E ciency – The ratio
of volume of air (at normal temperature and pressure) contained in
cylinder at
the start of compression to the volume swept by the piston from top
edge of the
ports to the top of its stroke is called as scavenge e ciency.
Air
Charge Ratio – The ratio
of volume of air (at normal temperature and pressure) contained in
cylinder at
the start of compression to the swept volume of piston is called as air
charge
ratio. It is also referred to as air mass ratio or air supply ratio.  This
term has now more or less replaced
the  terms scavenge e ciency and
volumetric e ciency.
Air
Charge Ratio – In four stroke engines for naturally aspirated engines
air
charge ratio is about 0.85 whereas for 
highly super charged engine it is 4 or above it. In two stroke engines
the value is about 0.85 for engines have ported scavenge and

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12/19/2018 Internal Combustion Engines Nomenclature, Performance Parameters and Power Ratings | marinersgalaxy

exhaust and it is
up to 2.5 for supercharged engines.

Internal Combustion Engine
Power Ratings
Maximum
Continuous Rating (MCR)
– The maximum continuous rating signi es the maximum output at
which the
engine can run safely and continuously. This output forms the basis
of
calculation for the strength of engine.
Normal
or Standard Rating – The
normal of standard rating signi es the output at service speed. The
service
speed is that speed which is regarded as economical for e ciency
and
corresponds to thermal and mechanical load best suited from
maintenance point
of view.
Overload
Rating – The overload rating signi es the extent of overload that can
be
safely exerted on the engine for a short period.
Read about Maritime Labour Convention
Astern
Output – It signi es
the maximum output while going astern.

So
these are the terminology that we use for the Internal Combustion
Engine.
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