Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Appendix A.
Size and Configuration of Sports Fields
The size and configuration of a site and any accessible adjacent properties can have a major impact on
the kinds of recreational use it can support. For example, a large, regularly shaped site may be well
suited for a multiple athletic field complex (e.g., soccer or baseball). A smaller, irregularly shaped site
may not be able to support this level of development and may be better used for smaller athletic fields
or courts (e.g., basketball or tennis courts). In addition to the area requirements for the selected
recreational activity, space may be needed for supporting facilities such as parking lots, concession
stands, spectator areas, and storage buildings. At multiple athletic field complexes, space also may be
needed for buffer zones between fields, drainage features, access areas and adjacent properties.
than just a playing field. When estimating the area Lacrosse 119 yds x 69 yds 1.7
needs for a recreational facility, the size of the fields
and the space requirements for supporting features Football 120 yds x 53 yds 1.3
Exhibit A-2 lists typical minimum parking needs for sports fields and the approximate area required for
the parking spaces.
Field size varies from approximately three-quarters of an acre for a little league baseball field to
approximately three acres for an adult baseball field with the center field fence 375-feet away from
home plate. Accounting for additional space for errant balls, spectator areas, and other features, a full
size baseball field may need up to six acres. Exhibit A-3 lists the dimensions for little league baseball,
adult baseball and softball fields and Exhibit A-4 provides a typical diagram of a softball field.
Many large athletic fields can be used for multiple purposes and sports due to their similar sizes and
dimensions. Exhibit A-5 provides the field dimensions of typical sports fields. Football and soccer are
two of the most popular sports and their field sizes are quite compatible for dual use. Typical football
and soccer fields layouts are provided as Exhibits A-6 and A-7. As noted earlier, the age and level of
play is one factor to consider when determining the appropriate field size.
Soccer fields vary greatly in size depending on the age and level of play. As shown in Exhibit
A-8, a field for players age six and under is approximately 0.12 acres in area while a field for adults can
require nearly two acres. Additional area is also required for spectator areas, bad shots and errant
passes. An adult soccer field with supporting areas may need up to three acres of land.
Under 6 20 - 30 15 - 20 6 0.1
(3 on 3)
Under 8 40 - 50 20 - 30 6 0.3
(4 on 4)
Under 8 80 60 8 1.0
(11 on 11)
Under 10 90 60 8 1.1
A standard volley ball court is 29.5 feet by 59 feet, the sand area is 49 feet by 78.5 feet, and a 12 feet
wide zone beyond the sand is typically allowed around the court for players to pursue the ball. The
total required area is approximately 0.2 acres. Although sand thickness varies, a layer between 2 and
3.5 feet thick is preferred. Refer to Exhibit A-9 for a diagram of a typical volleyball court.
Basketball
Exhibit A-10 lists common dimensions and areas for basketball courts of different level of play. As
shown in this table, basketball courts for the various levels are approximately the same size. A
diagram of a typical basketball court is provided as Exhibit A-11.
Appendix B.
Information Sources for Recreational Reuse
Sports Fields - General
• The book, Stadia, Arenas and Grandstands, by Jean Benedetti (2000) contains general
information about designing and building sports fields.
• United States Department of the Army. “How to Plan, Design and Build Outdoor Sports
Facilities.” Sterling Publishing Co, IRC.: New York.
• For more information about the proper installation and care of turfgrass for sports fields,
access the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Internet Site at http://www.ntep.org .
• Prince William County, Virginia, Design Standards (1996), shows examples of sport field
designs that have been implemented by Virginia’s Prince William County.
• “Vigilance and Sound Advice Help Spell Relief from Landfill Gag,” an article by Shapard,
Rob (1996 page 22-28) published in American City and County describes dramatic
change that can occur when a former toxic site is transformed into use as a recreational
site.
• For step-by-step instructions on how to develop land into sport fields, setting up drainage
systems, and other helpful information about soil and turf maintenance access the Landco
Company Internet site at http://www.lancoturf.com/cadre-sports.htm
Soccer
• Geraint, John. (1993). “Handbook of Sports and Recreational Building Design: Outdoor
Sports,” available through the Urban Land Institute.
• Soccer Industry Council of America. (1998). “Soccer Planning System: A Guide for
• Guidelines for Planning and Developing a Public Golf Course, National Golf
Foundation (1995).
• “Enhancing Golf and the Environment,” by Jerry Matthews (1994) published in Parks
and Recreation.
Volleyball Courts
• “The Complete Guide to Trail Building and Maintenance,” by Carl Demrow and David
Salisbury published in Appalachian Mountain Club (1998).
• U.S. Product Safety Commission, Office of Information and Public Affairs. “Handbook
for Public Playground Safety.” Publication no. 32.
Ice Skating
Horseback Riding
Appendix C.
Superfund Recreational Reuse Sites and EPA Contacts
Table 1: Superfund Waste Containment Sites with Recreational Reuse
Primary
Site Name/Location Recreational Uses Contaminants Remedial Activities EPA Contact
MULTIPLE RECREATIONAL USES
Dupage County Picnic and camping Municipal landfill - Repairs and improvements to existing cap Tim Prendiville (RPM)
Landfill/Blackwell Forest areas, trails, a lake, a 120- including 2.2 million - Adding clay to needed areas (312) 886-5122
Preserve Warrenville, IL ft sledding hill, and a cubic yards of waste - Enhancing surface drainage prendiville.timothy@
soccer field material - Installing a leachate extraction and epa.gov
treatment system
- Installing additional landfill gas
venting
- Long-term groundwater monitoring
Tar Creek Picher Sports Complex Lead, cadmium, zinc - Excavation of lead-contaminated soil Rafael Casanova
Ottawa County, OK with baseball field and and replacement with clean fill (214) 665-7437
playground - Institutional controls casanova.rafael@
- Diversion and diking of inflow areas epa.gov
Ohio River Park Sports-recreation center Benzene, 2,4.6 - Capping of concentrated waste with a Romuald A. Roman
Neville, PA with 2 indoor ice-skating Trichlorophenol, multilayer cap (215) 814-3212
rinks, and other magnese, benzo (a) - Construct a landfill with a synthetic roman.romuald@
recreation facilities pyrene, dibenz (a,h) membrane cover epa.gov
anthracene, - Install extraction and injection wells
beryllium, and within landfill
mercury
Primary
Site Name/Location Recreational Uses Contaminants Remedial Activities EPA Contact
ATHLETIC FIELDS
American Cyanamid Minor league baseball VOCs, acetone, - Contain the contaminants Jeff Catanzarita (RPM)
Company ethylbenzene (212) 637-4409
Bound Brook, NJ chloride, toluene, and catanzarita.jeff@epa.gov
xylene, copper,
chromium, lead,
mercury, nickel, zinc,
arsenic, and cadium
Chisman Creek 2 softball fields and 4 Fly ash including - Low-permeability soil cap Andrew C. Palestini
Seaford, VA soccer fields trace metals, - Ground water collection system and (RPM) (215) 814-3233
inorganics, arsenic, treatment system palestini.andrew@
cadmium, copper, - Alternate water supply for those homes epa.gov
lead, nickel, still on residential wells
vanadium. - Relocating a portion of the tributary,
deed restrictions
East Mt. Zion Landfill Baseball fields Municipal and - Multilayered cap John Banks (RPM)
Springettsbury Township, industrial wastes, - Vent system (215) 814-3214
PA including vinyl - Surface water control system banks.john-d@epa.gov
chloride and benzene
International Minerals Little-league ball fields VOCs and BHC - Placing a clay cap and a fence around Gladys Beard
Company the site (312) 886-7253
Terre Haute, IN - Continually monitor the site beard.gladys@epa.gov
Lipari Landfill Baseball and soccer Solvent, paint, paint - Security fence Fred Cataneo
Pitman, NJ fields thinner, - Construction of a landfill containment (212) 637-4428
formaldehyde, and system cataneo.fred@epa.gov
resins - Capping of the landfill with a synthetic
membrane cover
- Installation of extraction and injection
wells within the landfill
Primary
Site Name/Location Recreational Uses Contaminants Remedial Activities EPA Contact
Silver Bow Creek/Butte/ Baseball, soccer, tennis, Mining wastes - Construction of a cover of lime, fill and Sara Weinstock (RPM)
Silver Bow hiking, and basketball including metals, soil (406) 782-7415
Deer Lodge Country, MT areas arsenic, and lead - Removal of hazardous materials weinstock.sara@epa.go
v
Silver Bow Creek/Butte Baseball fields, courts, Metals including, - Stabilization of soil containing lead Sara Weinstock (RPM)
Area (Clark Tailings)/ and picnic areas arsenic, lead, copper, - Covering the site with 18 inches of clean (406) 782-7415
Silver Bow zinc, and cadmium soil weinstock.sara@epa.go
Deer Lodge County, MT v
Kane and Lombard Streets Golf driving range VOCs and metals - Constructed a surface barrier wall Lesley Derascavage
Drum including cadmium, - Constructed a permeant cap (215) 814-3239
Baltimore, MD lead, magnesium, derascavage.lesley@
nickel epa.gov
Lexington County Landfill Golf driving range Benzene, bisphthlate - Consolidation and capping the waste Terry Tanner
Cayce, SC bromodichloro- piles with clay and soil (904) 562-8797
methane, and - Control the venting of the methane gas tanner.terry@epa.gov
chlorobenzene
McColl Golf course Sulfur dioxide, VOCs, - Removal of wastes David Seter
Fullerton, CA inorganic chemicals, - Temporary caps placed (415) 744-2212
volatile, and semi- seter.david@epa.gov
volatile compounds
Primary
Site Name/Location Recreational Uses Contaminants Remedial Activities EPA Contact
Mill Creek Dump Golf course Polycyclic aromatic - Removal of material Romuald A. Roman
Erie, PA hydrocarbons, PCBs, - Soil cap (215) 814-3212
and heavy metals - Flood retention basin roman.romuald@
epa.gov
Monticello Mill Tailing Golf course Uranium, thorium- - Removal of contaminated material Paul Mushovic
Monticello, UT 230, radium 226, - Place an evapo-transpiration cover on (303) 312-6662
radon 222, heavy site mushovic.paul@
metals including epa.gov
arsenic, selemum,
vanadium,
molybdenum,
manganese, and
uranium
PAB Oil and Chemical Golf driving range Arsenic, barium, - Remove top layer or soil Caroline A. Siegler
Services, Inc., chromium, lead, - Install a clay cap (214) 665-2178
Abbeville, LA manganese, and
acetone
South Weymouth Naval Air Golf course and Battery acid, lead, - Removal of drums and containers Patty Whittemore
Station (SWNAS) recreational and open VOCs, and heavy - Removal of soil (617) 918-1382
Weymouth, MA space metals - Place soil cap on surface whittemore.patty@
epa.gov
Stauffer Chemical Golf course Phosphorous, - Removal of hazardous material and soil John Blanchard
Tarpon Springs, FL arsenic, radium-226, - Consolidation and capping of the site (404) 562-8934
beryllium, and heavy - Establish land use ordinances blanchard.john@
metals - Construct physical barriers epamail.gov
Primary
Site Name/Location Recreational Uses Contaminants Remedial Activities EPA Contact
Bangor Gas Works Community park Coal tar - Emptied tank and demolished buildings Don Berger
Bangor, ME - Built cap and paved over as a parking lot (617) 918-1351
berger.don@epa.gov
Central City-Clear Creek Outdoor recreation Zinc, lead, cadmium, - Build a water treatment plan Holly Fliniau
Central City, CO and arsenic - Remove and cap waste files (303) 312-6535
fliniau.holly@
epa.gov
Chemical Metals Industries Neighborhood parks DCE, TCE, and PCEs - Remove the deteriorating asphalt Stephen D. Jarvela
Baltimore, MD - Recap and remove any contaminants that (215) 814-3259
surface jarvela.stephen@
epa.gov
Port Hadlock Recreational beach Ordnance - Removal of debris Bob Kievit (RPM)
(US NAVY) compounds, heavy - Construction of a landfill/erosion (360) 753-9014
Indian Island, WA metals, PCBs, and prevention measures kievit.bob@epa.gov
pesticides
Fulbright Landfill Walking trails Landfill wastes - Removal of drums and drum remnants Mary Peterson (RPM)
Springfield, MO including cyanides, - Monitoring groundwater and leachate (913) 551-7882
acids, plating, paint - Institutional controls peterson.mary@epa.gov
sledges, solvents
and pesticides
Milltown Reservoir Walking trails including Heavy metals and - Dig new well from separate aquifer Russ Forba
Milltown, MT a foot bridge arsenic - Construct new distribution system (406) 441-1123
- Flush current plumbing system forba.russ@epa.gov
- Continually test water quality
Primary
Site Name/Location Recreational Uses Contaminants Remedial Activities EPA Contact
Northwest 58th Street Hiking trails Pesticides, paints, - Grade and cap landfill with synthetic Pam Scully
Landfill solvents, heavy membranes (404) 562-8935
Miami, FL metals, arsenic, and - Construct a storm water management scully.pam@epa.gov
VOCs system
Primary
Site Name/Location Recreational Uses Contaminants Remedial Activities EPA Contact
OTHER
Asarco Smelter Amphitheater Metals, arsenic, - Demolish building Kevin Rochlin
Tacoma, WA cadium, copper, and - Remove and disposal of soil (206) 553-2106
lead - Plug/abandon surface water rochlin.kevin@epa.gov
- Cap area
- Reinforce the shoreline of the plant site
and slag peninsula against erosion
- Long term monitoring
Smuggler Mountain Homes and historic tour Lead - Install a clean soil cap Armando Saenz
Aspen, CO service (303) 312-6559
saenz.armando@epa.go
v
Whitewood Creek Creek used for irrigation, Heavy metals, - Remove soil Gwen Hooten
Whitewood, SD watering livestock, and arsenic, cadmium, - Monitoring water quality (303) 312-6646
recreation copper, silver, - Limit future uses of contaminated areas hooten.gwen@epa.gov
mercury, and cyanide
Bayou Bonfouca Boat landing and recreational Creosote compounds and - Dredging contaminated Katrina Coltrain
Slidell, LA area PNA sediments (214) 665-8143
- Incineration of soils and coltrain.katrina@epa.gov
sediments extraction
- Treatment of
groundwater
Peterson Sand & Gravel Boat launch, canoes, picnic Industrial waste including - Removal of toxic drums Gladys Beard (RPM)
Liberytville, IL area, swimming beach, and solvents and paints and contaminated soil (312) 886-7253
hiking trails beard.gladys@epa.gov
Pepe Field Restored recreation facility High levels of hydrogen - Stabilization and John Frisco
Boonton, NJ with a regulation little league sulfide waste excavation of (212) 637-4419
field, walking path, approximately 50,000 frisco.john@epa.gov
playground, basketball court, cubic yards of waste
gazebo, flag pole area and material
concession stand - Pumping and pre-
treatment of leachate
before discharge to the
Rockaway Valley
Regional Sewerage
Authority
- Backfilling of waste
Primary Contaminants
Site Name/Location Recreational Uses Remedial Activities EPA Contact
ATHLETIC FIELDS
East Helena Baseball fields Lead, arsenic, and cadmium - Remove soil Scott Brown
East Helena, MT - Isolating the processed (406) 441-1123
water from ground brown.scott@epa.gov
water by constructing
steel storage tanks
and replacing the leaky
equipment
Reilly Tar&Chem (St. Louis Soccer field and a park Wood preserving wastes - Groundwater wells Darryl Owens (RPM) (312)
Park Plant) Hennepin, MN including creosote, coal tar, closed 886-7089
and polynuclear aromatic - Groundwater treatment owens.darryl@epa.gov
hydrocarbons
Spokane Junkyard Spokane, Baseball field, softball field, 3 Asbestos, oil containing - Removal and off site Paul Crutchfield, Assistant
WA regulation-sized soccer PCBs, lead, and VOCs disposal of drums, Director of Parks, Spokane
fields, and 8 smaller soccer solids, and asbestos (509) 625-6455.
fields Kevin Rochlin (RPM)
(206) 553-2106
rochlin.kevin@epa.gov
Waite Park Wells Little league baseball fields TCE, PCE, lead, heavy - Removal of Brenda Winkler
Waite Park, MN metals, and VOCs contaminated soil (612) 296-7813
- Setting up a groundwater
monitoring plan
Primary Contaminants
Site Name/Location Recreational Uses Remedial Activities EPA Contact
Roebling Steel Company Driving range and park Compressed gas tanks, - Construction of a cover Site Repository Florence
Site numerous types of acids, of lime, fill, and soil Township, 711 Broad Street,
Roebling, NJ and solid wastes - Removal of Florence, NJ 08518
contaminated soil (609) 499-2525
French, Ltd. Nature walks and fishing VOCs, phenols, heavy - Groundwater extraction Ernest Franke
Crosby, TX metals, and PCB - Place sheet pile wall (214) 665-8521
around part of the site franke.ernest@epa.gov
- On-site treatment of soil
with in-situ biodegration
Time Beach Site Horse back riding Dioxin - Construction of a series Bob Feild
Times Beach, MO of spur levees (913) 551-7697
- Removal and treatment feild.robert@epa.gov
of contaminated soil
Primary Contaminants
Site Name/Location Recreational Uses Remedial Activities EPA Contact
OTHER
Army Materials Yacht club PAH’s, PCB’s, pesticides, - Removal of hazardous Meghan Cassidy (RPM)
Technological Laboratory and various chemical and material and soil (617) 918-1387
Watertown, MA radiological contamination - Decommissioning of the cassidy.meghan@epa.gov
nuclear reactor