1 ‫ ﺒﻛﺎﻟورﻴﺎ ﻋﻠوم ﻓﻴزﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬2 ‫ﺜﺎﻨوﻴﺔ ﺒﺌر أﻨزران ـ ﺼﻔرو ـ‬

@ÛÄÄÓ@áÄÄ’ÄÄ…ÄÄ‹a@Ü@a@áÄÄ»@ˇa
‫ﺒﻨﻌﻤرو‬ ‫ ﺘوﻓﻴق‬:‫ذ‬ 2012 - 2011

:‫اﻟ ّﺸﻛﻝ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﻟﻌدد ﻋﻘدي ﻏﻴر ﻤﻨﻌدم‬

:‫اﻟ ّﺸﻛﻝ اﻟﺠﺒري ﻟﻌدد ﻋﻘدي‬
. r > 0=‫ ﺤﻴث‬z r ( cos θ + i sin θ )
M ( z ) .  ‫ ﻤن‬b ‫ و‬a ‫ ﺤﻴث‬z= a + ib
.=r | z=| OM :‫ ﻫو‬z ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺎر‬
b
. Re( z ) = a :‫ ﻫو‬z ‫اﻟﺠزء اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻝ‬
. arg( z ) ≡ ( u , OM ) ≡ θ [2π ] :‫ ﻫو‬z ‫ﻋﻤدة‬ θ
  r
. Im( z ) = b :‫ ﻫو‬z ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻴﻠﻲ ﻝ‬

v ّ ‫اﻟﺠزء‬
b = r sin θ ‫ و‬a = r cos θ O u

a . z= a − ib :‫ ﻫو‬z ‫ﻤراﻓق‬
|z|= z×z = a 2 + b 2 :‫ ﻫو‬z ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺎر‬
z ‫ اﻟﺼورة اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﻴﺔ ﻝ‬OM ‫ و‬z ‫ ﺼورة‬M ( z )
= r , θ ] r (cos θ + i sin θ )
z [=
ّ ‫ ﻟَ َﺤق‬z= a + ib

OM ‫ أو ﻟﺤق‬M (a, b) ‫اﻟﻨﻘطﺔ‬

arg( − z ) ≡ π + arg( z )[2π ] z + z = 2 ⋅ Re( z )

( u , AB ) ≡ arg( z B − z A )[2π ] | z | =| − z | =| z |
 
arg( z ) ≡ − arg( z )[2π ]
z − zC | z + z ' | ≤ | z | + | z ' | z − z = 2 ⋅ i ⋅ Im( z )
( AB, CD ) ≡ arg( D )[2π ] arg( z + z ') ≠ arg( z ) + arg( z ')[2π ]
 
zB − z A | z× z'| = | z |×| z'| z + z ' =z + z '
arg( z × z ') ≡ arg( z ) + arg( z ')[2π ]
z D − zC z −z | z n | = | z |n z × z ' =z × z '
( AB) // (CD) ⇔ arg( ) ≡ 0 [π ] ⇔ D C ∈ * arg( z ) ≡ n ⋅ arg( z ) [2π ]
zB − z A zB − z A (zn ) = ( z ) n
n

| |=
z |z|
z D − zC π z −z arg( ) ≡ arg( z ) − arg( z ')[2π ]
( AB) ⊥ (CD) ⇔ arg( )≡ [π ] ⇔ D C ∈ i *
z
)=
z' | z'|
zB − z A zB − z A = | z A − zB |
z' z z
(
arg( ) ≡ − arg( z )[2π ]
2 AB
z' z'
zD − zE
1

∈  ⇔ ‫ ( ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬E ≠ F ) F ‫ و‬E ‫ و‬D ‫ﺜﻼث ﻨﻘط‬ z A + zB

= ⇔ [ AB] ‫ ﻤﻨﺘﺼف‬I
z
zF − zE z B − z A ‫ ﻫو‬AB ‫ﻟﺤق اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ‬
.  zI
2

e=
iθ
θ ] cos θ + i ⋅ sin θ
[1,= . Z = Z ⇔ Im( Z ) = 0 ⇔ ‫ ﻋدد ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬Z
,θ ] p [ r p , p × θ ]
[r=
= e ×e
i (θ +θ ') iθ iθ '
. Z = − Z ⇔ Re( Z ) = 0 ⇔ ‫ ﻋدد ﺘﺨﻴﻠﻲ ﺼرف‬Z
[r ,α=] [ r , −α]
e
i (θ −θ ')e iθ
= iθ ' . Re( Z ) > 0 ‫ و‬Im( Z ) = 0 ⇔ Z ∈  +* ⇔ arg( Z ) ≡ 0 [2π ] [r ,θ ] × [r ',θ '] =[ r × r ',θ + θ ']
. Im( Z ) > 0 ‫ و‬Re( Z ) = 0 ⇔ Z ∈ i ⋅  +* ⇔ arg( Z ) ≡ (π / 2) [2π ]
e
− [r , α ]= [r , α + π ]= [r , α − π ]
e
e i ( −θ ) = i θ . Re( Z ) ≠ 0 ‫ و‬Im( Z ) = 0 ⇔ Z ∈ * ⇔ arg( Z ) ≡ 0 [π ]
1
= [ , −θ ]
[ r ,θ ]
1 1
. Re( Z ) < 0 ‫ و‬Im( Z ) = 0 ⇔ Z ∈  −* ⇔ arg( Z ) ≡ π [2π ]
e
( e i θ ) n = e i ( n⋅θ ) r
e i x + e− i x =
2 ⋅ cos( x) . Im( Z ) < 0 ‫ و‬Re( Z ) = 0 ⇔ Z ∈ i ⋅  −* ⇔ arg( Z ) ≡ (−π / 2) [2π ] [ r ,θ ]
= [ , θ −α ]
[ a, α ]
r

e i x − e − i x = 2 ⋅ i ⋅ sin( x) . Im( Z ) ≠ 0 ‫ و‬Re( Z ) = 0 ⇔ Z ∈ i ⋅ * ⇔ arg( Z ) ≡ (π / 2) [π ]

a

‫اﻟﺘﻌﻤﻴﻝ‬ ‫ﺤﻠوﻝ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ∆= b 2 − 4ac

÷ÄÔÄ–ÌÄnÄ‹bÄi az 2 + bz + c= a ( z + z= −
:‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬
∆ =0
b 2 b
az 2 + bz + c =
)
2a 2a 0
−b −b − ∆ −b + ∆
az 2 + bz + c= a ( z − z1 )( z − z2 ) z2 = ‫ و‬z1 =
c ‫ و‬b ‫ و‬a ‫ﺤﻴث‬
z1 + z2 = ∆>0
a 2a 2a ‫أﻋداد ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
z1 × z2 = −b − i −∆ −b + i − ∆ .a ≠ 0 ‫و‬
az 2 + bz + c= a ( z − z1 )( z − z2 ) z2 = ‫ و‬z1 = ∆<0
c
a 2a 2a

 e i ⋅θ + e − i ⋅θ x+ y x− y
x− y y−xx+ y
θ = e i x + e i= ⋅( e +e )⋅e 2 =
MOIVRE
 [1 ; θ
= ] n [1 ; n × θ ]
i( ) i( ) i( i( ) )
y 2 2 2
cos( ) e ) 2 cos(
EULER 
Re([1 ; θ=
] n ) cos( n ⋅θ )
2 2
 sin(θ ) = e − e x− y
i ⋅θ − i ⋅θ x+ y x− y y−x x+ y
e i x − e i= e 2 ⋅( e 2 − e 2 = )⋅e 2
 2⋅i Im([1 ; θ=
] n ) sin( n ⋅θ )
i( ) i( ) i( ) i( )
y
) 2 i sin(
2

.  ‫ ﻴﻘﺒﻝ ﺠذرﻴن ﻤرّﺒﻌﻴن ﻓﻲ‬a ‫ﻛﻝ ﻋدد ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ .‫ ﻤﺘوازي أﻀﻼع‬OMSN ‫ ﻫﻲ ﺒﺤﻴث‬S ( z + z ') ‫اﻟﻨﻘطﺔ‬ ّ N ( z ') ‫ و‬M ( z ) ‫إذا ﻛﺎن‬
ّ ‫ﻓﺈن‬
. − a ‫ و‬a ‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺠذرﻴن ﻫﻤﺎ‬a > 0 ‫إذ ﻛﺎن‬ z D − z A z B − zC z D − z A z D − zC
× ) ∈  ‫أو‬ × ) ∈  :‫ ﻤﺘداورة إذا ﻛﺎن‬D ‫ و‬C ‫ و‬B ‫ و‬A ‫ﺘﻛون‬
−i −a ‫ و‬i −a ‫ﻓﺈن اﻟﺠذرﻴن ﻫﻤﺎ‬
ّ a < 0 ‫إذ ﻛﺎن‬ z B − z A z D − zC z B − z A z B − zC
( (

. − 7 ‫ و‬7 ‫ ﻫﻤﺎ‬7 ‫اﻟﺠذران اﻟﻤرّﺒﻌﺎن ﻟﻠﻌدد‬

M ( z ) ‫ ﺤﻴث‬. z ' =z + b ⇔ t w ( M ) =M ' : t w ‫اﻹزاﺤﺔ‬

− i 7 ‫ و‬i 7 ‫( ﻫﻤﺎ‬− 7) ‫اﻟﺠذران اﻟﻤرّﺒﻌﺎن ﻟﻠﻌدد‬
. w(b) ‫ و‬M '( z ') ‫و‬
. − 3i ‫ و‬3i ‫( ﻫﻤﺎ‬− 9) ‫اﻟﺠذران اﻟﻤرّﺒﻌﺎن ﻟﻠﻌدد‬
. Ω(ω ) ‫ و‬M '( z ') ‫ و‬M ( z ) ‫ ﺤﻴث‬. z '− ω = k ( z − ω ) ⇔ h( Ω , k ) ( M ) = M ' : h ( Ω , k ) ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺎﻛﻲ‬
. − 6 11 ‫و‬ 11 ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ 11 ‫اﻟﺠذران اﻟﻤرّﺒﻌﺎن ﻟﻠﻌدد‬
. Ω(ω ) ‫ و‬M '( z ') ‫ و‬M ( z ) ‫ ﺤﻴث‬. z '− ω
= e i α ( z − ω ) ⇔ R( Ω ,α ) ( M=
6 3

. − i ‫ و‬i ‫( ﻫﻤﺎ‬−1) ‫اﻟﺠذران اﻟﻤرّﺒﻌﺎن ﻟﻠﻌدد‬ ) M ' : R( Ω ,α ) ‫اﻟدوران‬