‫المتماثالن والمتقاربان والمتجانسان‬

‫والمتباعدان‬
The meeting of two letters is of three different
ways:
• 1. Meeting of the two in pronunciation and writing, in that there is no
separation between them, such as the two ‫ با‬in
and the two ‫ الم‬in .
• 2. Meeting of the two in writing only, such as in : .
Here the two ‫ ها‬are next to each other, but ‫ مد الصلة‬prevents them from being
pronounced together, by the way we read‫حفص عن عاصم‬
• 3. Meeting of the two in pronunciation only, as in .
In this case the alif separates the two ‫ نون‬from each other, but since the alif is
not pronounced, the two ‫ نون‬meet in pronunciation.
 ‫عالقات‬
‫الحروف‬

‫متباعدان‬ ‫منجانسان‬ ‫متقاربان‬ ‫متماثالن‬

‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬

‫كبير‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫كبير‬

‫مطلق‬ ‫مطلق‬ ‫مطلق‬ ‫مطلق‬

Words meaning
• ‫ الصغير‬: first letter is a Sakin letter and second letter is Mutaharrik
• ‫ الكبير‬: first letter is a Mutaharrik letter and second letter is also
Mutaharrik
• ‫ المطلق‬: first letter is a Mutaharrik letter and second letter is Saakin
 ‫المتماثالن‬
‫صغير ‪ ,‬كبير‪ ,‬مطلق‬
THE TWO LIKE EACH OTHER –)‫(متماثلين‬

•Its Definition‫متماثلين‬
•They are the two letters that are the same
in characteristic and in articulation point..
This means they are the exact same letters
next to each other.
‫متماثلين صغير‬
• ‫ الصغير‬: first letter is a Sakin letter and second letter is Mutaharrik

• Examples :

• Its Rule in small )‫(صغير‬: Required Merging. Except in two occasions

There are two exceptions to this rule:

• The First: If the first of ‫ متماثلين‬is a medd letter then the rule is ‫متماثلين‬
‫إظهار صغير‬.
Example :

• The Second Exception: When the first letter is ‫ها سكت‬, and this only occurs
once between verses 28, and 29 in surah Al-Haaqqah:
In this case there are two allowable options when joining these two aayaat
together.

• The first: Making the ‫ ها‬clear with a light stop with no breath during the
stop (this is called a ‫)ها السكت‬.
• The second, merging the ‫ ها السكت‬with the ‫ ها‬that follows it).
 ‫وقف‬ ‫وصل‬

merging the ‫ها‬ Making the ‫ ها‬clear with a light

Sakt of Ha with
‫ السكت‬with the ‫ ها‬that stop with no breath during the
Hams
follows it). stop (this is called a ‫)ها السكت‬.
 ‫متماثلين كبير‬
• ‫ الكبير‬: first letter is a Mutaharrik letter and second letter is also
Mutaharrik
• Example :

• Its ruling : ‫ إظهار‬except in 2 cases.

• The first exception is the word in surah Yusuf aayah 11 . The noon
mushaddadah in this word represents an Idgham. This word
originally was ‫ تَأ ْ َمنُنَا‬. This word is read with either one of two possible
correct ways:
• 1. Merging of the two letter ‫ نون‬with a dhammah of the two lips
during the ghunnah, but no sound of a dhammah. In Arabic, this is
called ‫إدغام مع اإلشمام‬
• 2. Saying the two ‫ نون‬clearly and stealing part of the vowel on the
first noon, which is a dhammah. This means the reader only gives the
dhammah 2/3 of its full timing. This is called: ‫إدغام مع اإلختالص‬
Ruling is ‫إدغام متماثلين كبير‬
• These words all have ‫إدغام‬. These four words that have idgaam are all
written with the idghaam incorporated into the written word, but are
explained here for further understanding.
 ‫متماثالن مطلق‬
• ‫ المطلق‬: first letter is a Mutaharrik letter and second letter is Saakin

• Examples :

• It is called ‫ مطلق‬due to its lack of conformity to ‫ صغير‬and ‫ كبير‬.

•
Its rule: Required ‫ إظهار‬There are no exceptions to this rule.
‫المتجانسان‬
‫صغير ‪ ,‬كبير ‪ ,‬مطلق‬
• Its Definition: They are the two letters that have the same
articulation point, but differ in characteristics. They can be in one
word as in:

• or within two words, as in:

‫متجانسان صغير‬
• ‫ الصغير‬: first letter is a Sakin letter and second letter is Mutaharrik

• Its ruling : ‫ إظهار‬except in 8 places

• The merging in this case is not absolute as is in the case
of Mutamathilayn, instead it occurs in special letters. This means
that not every time there are two letters of the same articulation
point but different characteristics, the first one saakin, and the
second voweled, there is an Idgham . The following letters merge into
the letters below them:
6 cases ‫إدغام كامل‬
1. ‫ ت‬into ‫ د‬. This occurs in two places in the Quran:

2. ‫ د‬into ‫ ت‬. this occurs several times in the Quran.

3. ‫ ت‬into ‫ ط‬. This also occurs repeatedly in the Quran

• 4. ‫ ذ‬into ‫ ظ‬this occurs twice in the Quran
)39: ‫ظلَ ْمت ُ ْم ﴾ (الزخرف‬ َّ ‫﴿ ْاليَ ْو َم ِإذ‬
• 5. ‫ ث‬into ‫ ذ‬This occurs only once in the Quran
)176: ‫﴿ أ َ ْو تَتْ ُر ْكهُ يَ ْل َهث ۚ َّٰذَّ ِل َك َمث َ ُل ْالقَ ْو ِم ا﴾ ( األعراف‬

• 6. ‫ ب‬into ‫ م‬This occurs only once in the Quran

)42: ‫ار َكب َّمعَنَا ﴾ (هود‬
ْ ‫ي‬َّ َ‫﴿يَا بُن‬
One case will be ‫إدغام ناقص‬
• ‫ ط‬in to ‫ ت‬. This occurs 4 times in the Quran and this is an ‫إدغام ناقص‬
(incomplete merging) , it is incomplete in that the characteristic
Itbaaq of the letter ‫ ط‬remains.
ِ َّ ‫ب‬
)56:‫َّللا ﴾ (الزمر‬ ِ ‫طت ِفي َجن‬ ُ ‫علَ َّٰى َما فَ َّر‬
َ ﴿
)22: ‫طت ِب َما ﴾ (النمل‬ ُ ‫﴿ فَقَا َل أ َ َح‬
)80 : ‫ف ۖ ﴾ (يوسف‬ ُ ‫﴿قَ ْب ُل َما فَ َّرطت ُ ْم ِفي يُو‬
َ ‫س‬
)28 : ‫ي يَ َد َك﴾ (المائدة‬َّ َ‫طت ِإل‬
َ ‫س‬ َ َ‫﴿لَئِن ب‬
One case will be ‫إخفاء شفوي‬
•‫ م‬into ‫ب‬This also occurs repeatedly in the Quran.
Ruling is ‫إخفاء شفوي‬
َ ‫﴿ت َ ْر ِمي ِهم ِب ِح َج‬
﴾‫ارةٍ ِمن ِس ِجي ٍل‬
‫متجانسان كبير‬
• ‫ الكبير‬: first letter is a Mutaharrik letter and second letter is also
Mutaharrik
ُ ‫ت‬
• ﴾ ‫طوبَ َّٰى‬ َّ ‫ع ِملُوا ال‬
ِ ‫صا ِل َحا‬ َ ‫﴿و‬
َ
• Its ruling: its required ‫(إظهلر‬wajib) for Hafs except in one case
‫إظهار ‪Ruling is‬‬

‫يَ ْهت َ ِدي‬ ‫يَ ْهتْ ِدي‬ ‫يَ ِهتْ ِدي‬

‫يَ ِه ِدي‬ ‫يَ ِه ْد ِدي‬

‫متجانسان مطلق‬
• ‫ المطلق‬: first letter is a Mutaharrik letter and second
letter is Saakin
• Example : ‫س ْش ُك ْر‬
َ
• Its ruling: ‫إظهار‬
 ‫المتباعدان‬
‫صغير كبير مطلق‬
• Its definition: it is the two letters which are close in articulation points and characteristic,
or close in articulation but not in characteristic, or close in characteristic not in
articulation.
• Example :
1. ‫ ل‬and ‫ر‬
• Different Makhraj but very close in articulation points are quite close to each other (tip
of the tongue) they both share all the characteristics except ‫ التكرار‬which is exclusive for
letter ‫ر‬.
1. ‫ د‬and ‫س‬
• Different Makhraj but very close in articulation points are quite close to each other (tip
of the tongue) characteristics are not same.
1. ‫ ج‬and ‫د‬
• Different Makhraj but very close in articulation points are quite close to each other (tip
of the tongue) they both share all the characteristics
 ‫متقاربان صغير‬
• ‫ الصغير‬: first letter is a Sakin letter and second letter is Mutaharrik

• Its ruling : ‫ إظهار‬except in 34 places

 ‫‪34 exceptions‬‬

‫‪ 1‬إقالب‬ ‫‪ 13‬إخفاء‬ ‫‪ 20‬إدغام‬

‫الالم الشمسية اال‬

‫ق‪+‬ك‬ ‫ل‪+‬ر‬ ‫ن ‪( +‬يرملو)‬
‫حرف الم‬
‫(‪)1‬‬ ‫(‪)1‬‬ ‫(‪)5‬‬
‫(‪)13‬‬
‫إدغام ‪20 of them are‬‬
‫‪( except letter‬يرملون) ‪1. Nun Sakinah and tanween with the letters‬‬
‫إدغام متماثلين ‪Nun. Nun will‬‬
‫ف َّمأ ْ ُكو ٍل﴾ ‪• Example :‬‬ ‫﴿ َكعَ ْ‬
‫ص ٍ‬
‫‪Exceptions :‬‬
‫إظهار مطلق ‪﴿ -‬فنوان‪ -‬بنيان – صنوان ‪ -‬دنيا﴾ ‪1.‬‬
‫إظهار بسبب السكت ‪ ﴿ -‬من ۜ راق ﴾ ‪2.‬‬
‫إظهار ‪﴿ -‬يس۝ والقرآن﴾ ‪3.‬‬
2. This occurs when the ‫ الم التعريف‬merges into 14 letters of the group.
Except letter ‫الم‬. (its Mutamathilayn)
‫ الشمس‬/ ‫ النخل‬/ ‫الساعة‬
3. Letter ‫ ق‬with ‫ ك‬. It occurs only once in the Quran. ‫حفص عن عاصم‬
Reads it as ‫إدغام كامل‬, meaning ‫ ق‬completely merges into ‫ ك‬.
Mursalat :20
ٍ ‫﴿أَلَ ْم ن َْخلُق ُّكم ِمن َّماءٍ َّم ِه‬
﴾‫ين‬
4. ‫الم‬From words )‫ (قل) (بل‬when its with letter ‫ر‬
Example: )‫(قل رب) ( بل رفعه‬

An exception
َ ُ‫علَ َّٰى قُلُو ِب ِهم َّما َكانُوا يَ ْك ِسب‬
﴾‫ون‬ َ ‫﴿ َك َّال ۖ بَ ْل ۜ َر‬
َ ‫ان‬
Its ruling : ‫ إظهار‬of Sakt
13 of them are ‫إخفاء‬
• After Nun Sakin and Tanween letters of Ikhfa except ‫ ك‬, ‫( ق‬
they are letters of Mutabaid)
• Example :
َ ُ‫﴿ ُكنتُم ِب ِه ت ُ َك ِذب‬
• ﴾‫ون‬
1 of them ‫إقالب‬
• After Nun sakinah or Tanween if Ba comes
• Example : ﴾ ‫﴿ ِمن بَ ْع ِد َّٰذ ِل َك‬