COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Class 2

EEE F311 Comm_Systems; I Semester 2017-18 1

 Distortion may be
linear or non-linear

Block Diagram of a Communication system.

EEE F311 Comm_Systems; I Semester 2017-18 2

EEE F311 Comm_Systems; I Semester 2017-18 3
In digital systems, a ‘regenerator’ recreates the original
transmitted signal.

EEE F311 Comm_Systems; I Semester 2017-18 4

Is there a fundamental limit on the rate of error-free
transmission for a ‘noisy’, ‘power-limited’, and ‘band-
limited’ channel ?

Shannon’s capacity formula

EEE F311 Comm_Systems; I Semester 2017-18 5

Is it possible to design a communication system that
operates with zero error probability even though the
channel is noisy?

EEE F311 Comm_Systems; I Semester 2017-18 6

• Randomness (unpredictability, uncertainty) is the
essence of communication

• A message contains information only if it is

unpredictable.

• More unpredictable or less likely random signals

contain more information

EEE F311 Comm_Systems; I Semester 2017-18 7

A message was sent through a noisy channel. When receiving, some of
the letter were detected incorrectly.

“mt slnws ynn duwn

bkt thw smntrncf ts sttll lfgtblf,
usn’t mt”?

What was the transmitted message ?

EEE F311 Comm_Systems; I Semester 2017-18 8

Suppose the receiver has the capability to identify the characters which
are in error. Removing those in error, the received message reads:

“_t sl_ws y__ d_wn

b_t th_ s_nt_nc_ _s st_ll
l_g_bl_, _sn’t _t”?

Can you decipher the message ?

Redundancy in English Language can be used to compress the

message.

EEE F311 Comm_Systems; I Semester 2017-18 9

The objective of source coding is to use codes
that are as short as possible to represent the
source signal.

What is the irreducible complexity below which a

signal cannot be compressed ?

Can we find the ‘optimum source code’ ?

EEE F311 Comm_Systems; I Semester 2017-18 10

 Error correction coding.

• Channel introduces noise which is random

• This can lead to errors at the receiver end
• We can add redundant bits to help the receiver in
detecting the errors and sometimes in forward
correction. (example: parity bits)

EEE F311 Comm_Systems; I Semester 2017-18 11

source coding: removes redundancy

error correction coding: add redundancy !

EEE F311 Comm_Systems; I Semester 2017-18 12