Biológia angol nyelven emelt szint

Javítási-értékelési útmutató 0812

2009. május 12.

BIOLÓGIA
ANGOL NYELVEN

EMELT SZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI

ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA
●
ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA

JAVÍTÁSI-ÉRTÉKELÉSI
ÚTMUTATÓ

OKTATÁSI ÉS KULTURÁLIS
MINISZTÉRIUM
 Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

Guide for evaluation

1. Always use red ink.

2. If the answer to a question is complete tick correct answers. Each tick is equivalent
to 1 point. You cannot give half the point. Indicate with two ticks, if the candidate
answered correctly an assignment of two points.
3. Please accept the answer, if it is correct, but not mentioned in the Answer Key.
The same procedure should be applied in the case of synonyms (e.g.: platelets –
thrombocytes).
4. In the Answer Key equally acceptable answers are separated with backslash (/) from
one another.
5. At the end of the assignment add the points up in the grey-coloured chart.
6. At the end indicate the detailed points for each assignment in the final summary
chart and add them up to indicate the total score.
7. In the optional essay questions mark correct answers by a tick on the margin of
the page. The Answer Key contains only key content elements, terms and phrases in
logical order. Please a c c e p t c o m p o s i t i o n s w i t h d i f f e r e n t o r d e r b u t w i t h
l o g i c a l structure – unless the instruction of the questions tells the contrary.
Finally please add up the points of the correct answers and write in the appropriate
box of the final summary chart.
In the essay question point can be awarded only for those answers which respond to
the guiding questions.
8. If the candidate worked on both optional questions (A and B) then the
instructions in ”Instructions for Candidates” are to be applied.
9. If the candidate was asked to compose whole sentences (e.g.: giving reasons or
explanations or in essay) – only grammatically correct sentences are acceptable.
Please, do not deduct points for spelling mistakes, yet do not accept
misleading compositions.

We wish you a successful work.

írásbeli vizsga 0812 2/9 2009. május 12.

 Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

Guide for evaluation

I. Biogenic elements 9 points

This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements: 2.1.1, 2.1.2,
2.1.3, 2.1.4, 2.1.6, 2.2.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2,
4.4.4, and 4.5.4.

C P Each correct answer: 1 point. No point

3, 5, 7 can be given for a number put in two
6 8 places.

1, 4, 9

Ca

II. The Life of the Termite 9 points

This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:2.1.4, 2.1.6,
2.2.3. and 5.1.2.
Source of the picture: David Attenborough: Life on Earth, Novotrade, 1988
Each correct answer: 1 point

1. A
2. D
3. D
4. D
5. A,B
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. High temperature could kill the symbiotic unicellular organisms.

írásbeli vizsga 0812 3/9 2009. május 12.

 Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

III. Plants as indicators 10 points

This assignment is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 3.4.1.

1.
type of habitat mean value for T mean value for W mean value for R
Beech forest (A) 5 5.4 3.4

Turkey oak-Sessile 5 3.8 3.4

oak forest (B)
Rocky grassland (C) 6 1 4.6

Every correctly filled row: 1 point, the sum total is 3 points

2. A, B
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. C
Every correctly filled row: 1 point, the sum total is 5 points

7.

A három
Distribution élőhely
of species offajainak megoszlása
the three habitatsWaccording
érték szerint
to their ”W”

bükkös
beech forest
4 turkey oak-sessile oak f.
cseres-tölgyes
* rocky grassland
sziklagyep
number of species

3
fajszám

2
*

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
”W” values
W értékek

Drawing of the two columns indicated with asterisk (*) is awarded by 1 point for each,
the sum total is 2 points

írásbeli vizsga 0812 4/9 2009. május 12.

 Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

IV. „They carry the eternal current” 12 points

This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements: 4.6.3 and
4.6.5. Source of the figure: www.adronline.org/images/evlt/blueVein.gif
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/D/deep_vein_thrombosis.html

1. D 1 point
2. B 1 point
3. D 1 point
4. A 1 point
5. A 1 point
6. ACD 1 point
7. BD 1 point
8. BCD 1 point
9. Thrombosis 1 point
A thrombus/ blood clot develops in the blood vessel without having an injury and it
blocks bloodstream/ narrows down the lumen of the blood vessel. 1 point
10. E 1 point
11. lack of physical exercises/ diet rich in fats/ smoking/ obesity
in case of 3 examples 1 point

V. Tissues 10 points
This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:3.4.2, 3.4.4,
4.3.1 and 4.8.4.

1. B 1 point
2. C 1 point
3. D 1 point
4. E 1 point
5. A 1 point
6. A 1 point
7. C 1 point
8. B 1 point
9. D 1 point
10.E 1 point

írásbeli vizsga 0812 5/9 2009. május 12.

 Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

VI. The skull 9 points

This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements: 4.3.1. and
4.8.1. Source of the figure: Réti Barnabás: Anatómia-élettan. Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó, 1998.

1. 2: upper jaw bone / maxilla 1 point

3: zygomatic bone 1 point
9: temporal bone 1 point
2. A 1 point
3. A 1 point
4. B 1 point
5. D 1 point
6. B 1 point
7. 7., parietal bone 1 point

VII. Drug alert 11 points

This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements: 4.8.1, 4.8.3
and 4.8.4.
The source of the figure:
www.sulinet.hu/tovabbtan/felveteli/ttkuj/16het/biologia/biosz16.html

1. vesicle/ synaptic vesicle 1 point

2. (membrane) receptor for the neurotransmitter 1 point
3.
• stimulates 1 point
• inhibits 1 point
• increases/ becomes prolonged 1 point
4. protein 1 point
5. the sympathetic nervous system 1 point
6. the adrenal medulla 1 point
7. liveliness/ the lack of tiredness (fatigue)/much confidence/ high spirits
mentioning one example 1 point
8. tiredness (fatigue)/ drowsiness/ weakness/ lethargy/ addiction/ depression/
hallucinations/ insanity
1-1 point for mentioning 2 correct examples, the sum total is 2 points

írásbeli vizsga 0812 6/9 2009. május 12.

 Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

VIII. Kernels (Grains of maize) 10 points

This assignment is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 6.2.1.
Source of the figure: Rédei P. György: Genetika, Mezőgazdasági-Gondolat,, 1987

1. AaBb; in which A=yellow and a = colourless

B=smooth and b = wrinkled/shrunken
means the allele for the given trait

(It can be accepted only if the alleles are named. Any letter can be used if the small and
capital letters are clearly signed. Identical letters must indicate the alleles of the same gene.
In the following section, the examinee must use the notations introduced here.) 1 point

2. 4 points
Phenotype yellow, smooth yellow, wrinkled colourless, colourless,
smooth wrinkled
Genotype AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb

Expected % 25 25 25 25

Complete chart – all 12 cells are correctly filled: 4 points

only 11 cells are correctly filled: 3 points
only 10 cells are correctly filled: 2 points
only 9 cells are correctly filled: 1 point
8 or less cells are correctly filled: 0 point

3. X (yellow, wrinkled): Aabb and Y (colourless, smooth): aaBb

(Point can only be given if both genotypes are correct) 1 point

4. According to the experiences/ predominantly two sorts of phenotypes occurred/ mostly

yellow, smooth and colourless, wrinkled seeds were found (or any other correct
formulation). 1 point

The genes “A” and “B” are closely linked/ they are located on the same chromosome
(close to each other)/ the F1 generation produced (almost) only two types of gametes: Ab
and aB. 1 point

5. In this case, yellow, smooth and colourless, wrinkled seeds can be seen in the majority.
(Or any other correct answer that clearly shows the difference between the first and
second pictures.) 1 point

The genotypes of gametes in the F1 generation were (mainly): AB and ab.

1 point

írásbeli vizsga 0812 7/9 2009. május 12.

 Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

IX. Optional assignments

A. Controlled processes in plants 20 points

The regulation of flowering (7 points)

This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements: 3.4.1 and
3.4.3. Source of picture: Jacob-Jager-Ohmann: Botanikai Kompendium, Natura, 1983.

1. Gymnosperms
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. D
6. B
7. B

The regulation of water-balance in plants — Essay (13 points)

This assignment is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 3.4.3.

Water uptake occurs through the root hairs 1 point

located on the surface of roots. 1 point
The organ for the release of water (water loss) is the leaf 1 point
in which stomata make transpiration possible. 1 point

The uptake of water happens (mostly) by means of passive transport 1 point

whose propelling force is transpiration (osmotic sucking force of it). 1 point
To a lesser extent, root pressure also participates in water uptake 1 point
which is due to the osmotic pressure emerging from the active transport of ions.
1 point

Water moves in the xylem (part of the vascular bundles) toward the leaves, 1 point
where the capillary action as a physical factor also contributes to the transport.
1 point

In aridity (dry weather) stomata close, while they open if water is available, 1 point
because the turgor of the guard cells decreases in the lack of water and increases
if plenty of water. 1 point
The guard cells close/ go flat in case of smaller turgor, because their walls are thicker
towards the stoma, they expand towards the stoma to a lesser extent if they are turgid.
1 point

Points can also be given for osmotic sucking force and root pressure if they are mentioned in
connection with water-transport rather than with water uptake.

írásbeli vizsga 0812 8/9 2009. május 12.

 Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

IX. Optional assignments

B. „In the hot wells of your ardent kidneys” 20 points
This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:4.7.1 and
4.8.4. Source of the figure: www.aic.cuhk.edu.hk/web8/Hi%20res/Nephron.jpg

Problem-solving assignment 9 points

1.
The volume of the filtrated plasma 0.67 dm3/ min. · 0.2 = 0.134 dm3/min. 1 point
3 3
During one day: 0.134 dm /min. · 60 minutes· 24h = 193 dm of filtrate is produced.
1 point
2. B 1 point

3.
The proportion of the plasma: 100%-44% = 56% 1 point
The amount (volume) of blood running through our kidneys in a minute:
0.67 dm3/ 56 · 100= 1.19 dm3 1 point
(The rounded 1.2 dm3 is also acceptable)

4. 1,5 dm3 /193 dm3 = 0.008 1 point

1– 0.008 = 0.992 therefore 99.2% is reabsorbed. 1 point

5. C 1 point

6. E 1 point

Essay 11 points

In the renal corpuscle/Malpighian body 1 point

water is filtered from the blood plasma/glomerulus
(into the Bowman’s capsule/ a double-walled capsule) 1 point

(The bulk of) water is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule/ in the
descending part of the loop of Henle. (Any of these can be accepted) 1 point

Water moves passively/ by means of osmosis. 1 point

ADH (vasopressin) is formed in the hypothalamus 1 point

and it is released into the bloodstream from the posterior lobe of the pituitary
gland. 1 point
It acts on the distal convoluted tubule/ and in the collecting duct 1 point
by increasing the permeability of nephron wall to water. 1 point

In case of thirst, urine is little and concentrated, 1 point

because ADH production/ release into blood increases, 1 point
thus more water moves back into the blood/ is reabsorbed. 1 point

írásbeli vizsga 0812 9/9 2009. május 12.