Biológia angol nyelven emelt szint

Javítási-értékelési útmutató 0711

2007. május 17.

BIOLÓGIA
ANGOL NYELVEN
BIOLOGY

EMELT SZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI

ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA
ADVANCED LEVEL
●

WRITTEN EXAM
ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA

JAVÍTÁSI-ÉRTÉKELÉSI
ÚTMUTATÓ
GUIDE FOR MARKING
AND EVALUATION
OKTATÁSI ÉS KULTURÁLIS
MINISZTÉRIUM
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
AND CULTURE
Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

Instructions - How To Mark The Advanced Level Paper

1. Always use red ink.

2. If the answer to question is complete tick correct answers. Each tick is equivalent
to 1 point. You can not give half the point. Indicate with two ticks, if the
candidate answered correctly an assignment of two points.
3. Please accept the answer, if it is correct, but not mentioned in the Answer Key.
The same procedure should be applied in the case of synonyms (e.g.:
platelets – thrombocytes).
4. In the Answer Key equally acceptable answers are separated with backslash (/) from
one another.
5. At the end of the assignment add the points up in the grey-coloured chart.
6. At the end indicate the detailed points for each assignment in the final summary
chart and add them up to indicate the total score.
7. In the optional essay questions mark correct answers by a tick on the margin
of the page. The Answer Key contains only key content elements, terms and
phrases in logical order. Please accept compositions with different order but
with logical structure – unless the instruction of the questions tells the contrary.
Finally please add up the points of the correct answers and write in the appropriate
box (X.) of the final summary chart.
In the essay question point can be awarded only for those answers which respond to
the guiding questions.
8. If the candidate worked on both optional questions (A and B) then the
instructions in ”instructions for Candidates” are to be applied.
9. If the candidate was asked to compose whole sentences (e.g.: giving reasons
or explanations) – only grammatically correct sentences are acceptable. Please,
do not deduct points for spelling mistakes, yet do not accept misleading
compositions.

We wish you a successful work.

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 Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

I. Effects of oil pollution 8 points

This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements: 1.1 , 5.5.

1. 1 point for the correct marking of axis X (months or days)

1 point for the correct marking of axis Y (covering %)
1 point for the correct construction of the 3 graphs (+/- 10% deviation is acceptable.
Graph can be a line graph, scattergraph or bar chart or any other appropriate
representation.) The graph below shows one possible representation.
(3 points)
Covering %

80

Oil +water

dispersant + water

Oil + dispersant + water

Months
6 10 14 23

2. Any two statements that interpret the complex entirety of data or any group of data are
acceptable.

For example:
Blue mussels are sensitive to oil pollution, but dispersant also destroys them.
Oil and dispersant applied together showed the worst effect of all.
In case of oil and dispersant, the harmful effect of pollutants appears only (6 months) later.
Colony of mussels can not recover from destruction even in a long period of time
(23 months).
Ideas about causes, for example:
Oil dispersed by the dispersant results in even greater damages, because it affects the mussel’s
body on a larger surface.
Any two correct answers (2 points)

Statements not supported by the group of data or express only one state of it can not be
accepted. For example:
Blue mussels belong to the phylum of Molluscs.
Blue mussels covered 60-80% of the surveyed rocks before the pollution. Etc.

3. Breaking up oil pollution may cause more serious damages than the unbroken layer of
oil. Or: Removal or digestion of oil are more suitable solutions than dispersing it.
Any correct suggestion, being in harmony with experimental data, is acceptable. (1 point)

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Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

4. Indicator species: a species with narrow range of tolerance to a given environmental factor./
or in more general: any species that indicates an environmental factor by its distribution.
(1 point)
Blue mussels indicate the effects of oil /dispersant pollution. Or: Blue mussel is a species
sensitive to these. (1 point)

Source of data: Toole: Understanding Biology, Stanley Ltd. Chelthenham, 1995

Picture: www.clarku.edu/departments/biol201/2002/Emachala/images/mussels.jpg

II. The work of our kidneys 11 points

This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:4.6.1., 4.6.2
and 4.7.1.
Source of picture: Torrance, James: Biology Hodder Gibson, 2005.

1. Nephron. 1 point
2. In the (renal) cortex. 1 point
3. Filtration/ Ultrafiltration / Formation of filtrate. 1 point
4. During filtration blood plasma lost water, 1 point
while its protein-content has not decreased, so the concentration of proteins /
osmotic pressure of blood increased. 1 point

5. It does not contain glucose in a healthy person. Z 1 point

6. It contains fibrinogen. X 1 point
7. It contains urea (carbamide). Q 1 point
8. It contains steroid sex hormones. Q 1 point

9. Vasopressin / ADH 1 point

increases the retention/ reabsorption of water 1 point

III. Mitochondria 7 points

This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements: 1.3., 2.2.2.,
2.2.3., 2.3., 2.3.1., 2.3.3, 2.3.4., 3.2.1., 3.2.2., 4.3.2., 4.7.1. and 6.1.2.

1. Meiosis 1 point
2. C D (Point can be given only for the correct pair of letters) 1 point
3. B C E (Point can be given only for the correct triplet of letters) 1 point
4. Bacteria / Prokaryotes 1 point
5. Endosymbiotic theory 1 point
6. The ancestors of mitochondria could have been unicellular prokaryotes/ 1 point
bacteria engulfed / eaten by other unicellular organisms and they have
lived together / a symbiosis has developed. 1 point

Source of the excerpt: “Venetianer Pál: Az emberi mitokondriumok genetikája”

and the website: www.kfki.hu/chemonet/TermVil/tv98/tv9811/genetika.html

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 Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

IV. Tissues 10 points

This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:4.3.1. and
4.6.1.

1. Human or animal tissue. D

2. There is no intercellular substance in it. A
3. Its intercellular substance is solid. C
4. Its cells lacking nucleus transport oxygen. B
5. Massive and flexible component of the human skeleton. C
6. It contains calcium carbonate. C
7. Typical tissue of the integument (skin) of terrestrial Vertebrates. A
8. There are neurons in it. E
9. Its upper layer contains dead cells. A
10. There are stomata in it. E

Source of photographs:
http://www.nyf.hu/others/html/allattan/segedanyag/szervezettan/jegyzet%20anyaga
http://www.sci.u-szeged.hu/zoolcell/histo/kottam/kottam2.html

V. Secrets of deep-diving penguins 8 points

This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:4.3.2., 4.5.5.
and 5.1.1.

Source of photograph: Attenborough, David: Az élő bolygó, Novotrade, 1989

1. F 1 point
2. F 1 point
3. T 1 point
4. T 1 point
5. D 1 point
6. Decompression disease (or “the bends”):

- develops when the external pressure suddenly falls/ e.g. sudden ascend
from deep water 1 point
- it is caused by the transformation of dissolved gases of
blood into bubbles 1 point
- that destroy circulation/ bloodstream / that may cause blocking of blood
vessels 1 point

VI. Innate (inborn) and learned behaviour 5 points

This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:3.4.4 and
4.8.2.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
B A D B C

Each correct answer is awarded 1 point, altogether: 5 points

Source of case studies: Csányi Vilmos: Etológia (Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó Rt.? Budapest, 1994

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Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

VII. Hormones 10 points

This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:4.7.1., 4.7.2.
and 4.8.4.
Every correct answer: 1 point.

Name of hormone Site of production Its effect

Thyroxin Thyroid gland It 1. increases/ stimulates the

oxidation of glucose and heat
production. It 2. decreases/inhibits
glycogen formation in the liver.
3. Growth hormone Pituitary gland/ Hypophysis It 4. inhibits / decreases the
(GH)/ (anterior lobe) oxidation of carbohydrates and
Somatotropin stimulates the storage of glycogen in
(STH) muscles and in the liver.
Luteinizing hormone 5. Pituitary gland / One of the triggering factors of
(LH) Hypophysis (anterior lobe) ovulation
Progesterone It 7. inhibits/decreases the
6. Ovary / Corpus luteum production of luteinizing hormone.
It 8. stimulates/increases the
thickening of the endometrium/
innermost layer of the uterus.
9. Aldosterone Adrenal cortex It increases the reabsorption of 10.
Na+ ions from the nephrons to the
bloodstream.

VIII. Changing DNA content 7 points

This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:2.3.4. and
6.1.1.

1. Meiosis.
2. Replication / DNA synthesis.
3. D
4. D
5. F
6. G
7. AC

IX. The Rh factor 6 points

1. In India, the frequency of Rhesus negative individuals is 16:506= 0.0316 1 point

Since q2 = 0.0316, the q = 0.1778 (17.78%) is the frequency of “r” allele

and 1 – 0.1778 = 0.8222 (82.22%) that of “R” allele. 1 point

In Basqueland q2 = 0.36, so q = 0.6 (60%) is the frequency of “r” allele

and 0.4 (40%) that of “R” allele. 1 point

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Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

2. The increased frequency of “r” allele in some small, isolated populations can be explained
by genetic drift / the founder effect / a random process.

Or
In an originally continuous European population, the frequency of “r” allele had already
been higher. Later other/ Asian populations with higher frequencies of “R” allele arrived
and the original distribution of alleles have remained unchanged only in small,
isolated populations.

Any of these explanations in other formulations can be accepted. 1 point

3. When an Rh-negative mother is pregnant with her Rh-positive foetus, 1 point

because blood cells of the first foetus make the mother’s body
produce antibodies. These antibodies may destroy subsequent foetus/foetuses. 1 point
Any other correct phrasings are acceptable.

X. Translocation of a rock grassland 8 points

This assignment is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 3.4.1.

1. The proportion of protected companion species has decreased to the greatest extent,
approximately to its half / by 50 %. 1 point
2. About 10:90 in 2003 1 point
About 25:75 in 2006 1 point
3. No, it has not been achieved, because the proportion of protected species has decreased
1 point
Any other formulations with the same meaning can be accepted
4. It is slightly cooler/ almost identical. 1 point
5. It has decreased (by its half). 1 point
6. The new habitat is better supplied with water. 1 point
7. No, it wasn’t, because water supply/ temperature is not identical to the
original habitat. 1 point
Any other formulations with the same meaning can be accepted

XI. A. Motor functions 20 points

Muscle activity 9 points
This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:1.3., 2.1.5.
and 4.3.2.

1. Striated muscle (tissue) /Skeletal muscle 1 point

2. Point can be given only for the correct triplet of letters 1 point.

Actin B

Myosin A

Actin + myosin C

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Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

3. If all three answers are correct 2 points

If two answers are correct 1 point
In case of 0 or 1 correct answer 0 point

Band „A” narrows

Band„B” narrows

Band„C” widens

4. A 1 point
5. C 1 point
6. D 1 point
7. D 1 point
8. The muscle tissue has its own energy-storing compound and
oxygen-storing molecule / creatine phosphate and myoglobin. 1 point

Systems of locomotion (Essay) 11 points

This assignment is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 4.8.1.

- The nerve impulse that controls the movements of the right hand starts from the
left hemisphere’s 1 point
- cortical neurons/ motor area. 1 point
- Some motor tracts switch over/ form synapses in 1 point
- the subcortical nuclei, too. 1 point

- Motor tracts cross, 1 point

- and they end in / have synapse with the motor neurons 1 point
- of the ventral horn 1 point
- located in the right side of the spinal cord 1 point
- Movements of the hand muscles are carried out (directly)
by motor neurons of the spinal cord. 1 point

- Your handwriting becomes confused /disordered under the influence of alcohol, 1 point
- because alcohol inhibits the activity of cerebellum that is responsible for the
coordination of movements. 1 point

XI. B Water 20 points

The role of water in plant life (10 points)
This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:3.4.3 and
5.5
1. the root 1 point
2. root hairs / epidermal extensions 1 point
3. passive / not ATP requiring 1 point
4. transpiration/ water-loss / water usage 1 point
5. xylem/ water-conducting/ inner 1 point
6. oxygen gas/ O2 1 point
7. transport molecule / NADP/ NADPH 1 point

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Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

8. In the springtime, plants take up more water, 1 point

thus the vessel elements tend to be large in diameter, 1 point
forming a lighter region (spring strip). 1 point
or

In the fall, water uptake decreases, 1 point

thus narrower vessel elements are formed, 1 point
producing a darker region (autumn strip) 1 point

Sewage and drinking water (10 points)

This assignment is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 5.5

- Sewage is partly purified mechanically, 1 point

- that can be filtration or sedimentation, (mentioning only one is enough) 1 point
- and it is also purified biologically, 1 point
- in which its organic content is reduced 1 point
- by the activity of bacteria / microorganisms. 1 point

- Natural waters have self-purifying ability due to the decaying activity of

living organisms (bacteria and other microbes) in them 1 point

Drinking water can be obtained from:

groundwater leaking into dug wells/ bank-filtered wells / springwater, layer water /
artesian water, karst water
Two examples are required 1 point

Dangers threatening drinking water reserves: e.g.

- exploitation of a mine (descending level of karst water, outwashed materials from mine
dumps e.g. cyanide pollution)
- inappropriate use/ storage/ production of agricultural or industrial chemicals
- materials outwashed from illegal/ inappropriate waste dumps
- overdosage of fertilisers / high levels of nitrate
- impractical river regulation
Or any other correct example 2 points

Households can reduce the environmentally harmful effects of the

sewage they produce by
- reducing the amount of organic materials released into the sewage (frying oil is not poured
into the sink , no “kitchen pig”/garbage disposal unit)
- reducing the amount of chemicals released into the sewage (sparing use of washing powders
and dishwasher substances, use of environmentally friendly materials e.g. sodium
bicarbonate)
- reducing the amount of phosphate output (phosphate-free washing powders)
Only one example should be mentioned 1 point

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