Simultaneous removal of NOx and soot particulate from diesel exhaust by in situ

catalytic generation and utilisation of N2O

Catherine Davies (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.07.072

In situ utilization of N2O for soot oxidation using silver catalyst was investigated in this
study. The process consist of four consecutive steps: catalysed oxidation using N2O, non-
catalysed oxidation by NO2, catalysed oxidation by O2 and non-catalysed oxidation by
O2.The main step is the soot oxidation by N2O.

Non-selective reduction of NOx using silver catalyst with simultaneous soot oxidation is
possible due toN2O, which is a non-selective product of SCR.

The catalyst is active in the range of 150-425 deg C. initially NO is adsorbed on the surface
with NH3 showing a dead time. As temperature increases beyond 225 deg C, concentration of
N2O and N2 increases confirming that ammonia and nitrogen oxide is reacting to form
nitrous oxide in the presence of oxygen. Above temperature of 410 deg C , N2O ceases to
exist and the only products remaining are NO and NO2.

When the experiment was reconducted using a mixture of catalyst and carbon black, CO2
was detected in place of N2O indicating that the N2O forming was oxidizing the carbon to
carbon dioxide.

Conducting the same experiment in a DPF which is maintained at 300 deg C with silver
catalyst, it was seen that the filter efficiency is a measure of soot osidation rate which
corresponds to ammonia concentration and N2O oxidation rate. So higher the efficiency,
higher the soot oxidation rate and higher the rate of N2O formation.

Dynamics and Selectivity of N2O Formation/Reduction During

Regeneration Phase of Pt-Based Catalysts
Lidia Castoldi (2018)

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-018-1022-2

Pt-Bao/Al2O3

H2 as reductant

During Lean to Rich phase, concentration of Primary N2O in regeneration front increases at
low temperature upon the admission of H2. NO is evolved upon reduction of NOx with H2.
The gaseous NO reacts with Pt sites which are reduced during previous lean cycle. As the
temperature is further increased the concentration decreases.

Pt/Al2O3

H2 as reductant
During rich to lean phase, the concentration of secondary N2O which is formed by reaction
between NH3 and NO/O2 is very high at low temperature. No significant amount of primary
N2O is recorded.

Pt-Bao/Al2O3

C3H6 as reductant

Lean to rich

At high temperature (250 deg C) primary N2O concentration is high.

Rich to Lean

Significant concentration of secondary N2O is present at low as well as medium temperature.

The rate determining step in N2O reduction is removal of surface oxygen, its efficiency
depends on the capacity of catalysts and/or reductant to facilitate these reactions.

Impact of SCR Integration on N2O Emissions in Diesel Application

Homayoun Ahari (2015)

doi:10.4271/2015-01-1034

Tailpipe N2O emissions depend on the arrangement of various after treatment solutions in the
diesel engine and their individual contribution towards N2O production. Also the presence or
absence of Ammonia slip catalyst effect the overall concentration of N2O.

Various configurations of the after treatment solutions were investigated for N2O production.

The configuration 1 and 2 was as follows:

DOC SCR CDPF

Configuration 3

DOC CDPF SCR

Configuration 4

DOC CDPF SCR+ASC

Among all the 4 configurations the amount of N2O produced in 1 and 2 is similar in both
FTP-75 and US06 cycles. The amount of N2O produced in case 3 is also similar to 1 and 2
inspite of SCR being after DOC. In case of configuration 4 the amount of N2O produced is
far lower in FTP cycle as compare to US06 cycle due to desorption of NH3 which gets
converted to N2O.

The individual component contribution of aftertreatment devices towards N2O concentration

varies for 4 different configurations. In case of 1 and 2 there is negligible N2O emitted from
engine. Some amount of N2O is emitted from DOC but the significant amount is emitted
from DPF and SCR. The significant amount of N2O emitted in case 3 is from SCR and small
amount is also emitted from DOC and DPF. In case of vehicle 4 the amount of N2O is
emitted from SCR brick with ASC.

Catalytic N2O decomposition and reduction by NH3 over Fe/Beta

and Fe/SSZ-13 catalysts
Aiyong Wang (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2017.12.011

Reduction of N2O by NH3 on Fe-zeolite catalyst is studied. Two Fe catalysts: Fe-BEA and
Fe-CHA are used for decomposition of N2O under both dry and wet conditions.

Fe-CHA catalyst has more concentration of Fe sites than Fe-BEA. Therefore it shows higher
decomposition rates at low temperature when no reductant is used for decomposition of N2O.
Also it has high stability.

When NH3 is added to the gaseous feed Fe-BEA shows higher reaction rates confirming that
both NH3 and N2O require activation before reacting.