Computer Aided analysis and Design of Structures

Final Term
Sample Paper
Aamir Shahzad
DCE-181002

Question 1-A AutoCAD Portion

Part a: How you can hide the specific layers in Autocad?

Answer: there are several ways to hide autocad layer

I- Freezing the layer and turning it off

II- Turning off for plotting will show the layers on the screen but won’t
output on printing.

Part b: What file formats are used in design?

Answer: There is native format use such as .dwg for AutoCAD and it offers
format that can be exchanged.
The format of file that can be exchanged has DXF extension and it offers
data operability.
dwg format is included in AutoCAD and give the support. It gives a method
to use active files.
It gives a way to approximate total file having extension .dwg that is created
in association with other files.
It offers languages that are used, and software localization part can be
changed to meet the needs.

Part c: which commands used in autocad to revise the entire drawing taking
into account the effect of changes within the system?

Answer: The REGEN command revise the entire drawing taking into account the effect
of changes within the system.

Part d: what is difference between fillet and chamfer in autocad?

Answer: The real difference between a "fillet" and a "chamfer" is that a fillet is curved,
while a chamfer is straight.

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Question 1-B SAP2000 Portion

Part a: What is the best meshing size regarding slab/shell elements?

Answer: It is obvious that size of the mesh effects of the results. Generally, the best mesh
size is equal to or less than the slab thickness or 2ft by 2ft. SAP2000 result goes toward
accurate as we finer the mesh size but time taken, and size of size goes on increasing
going toward finer mesh.

Part b: What are the possible reasons that principal stresses for load Combination
shows zero value, Seismic analysis of water tank in SAP2000?

Answer: For principal stresses for load Combination shows zero because of the
following possible reasons.

I- Problem in assigning the loads i.e. point of application or direction of

loads. Or
II- Defining the pressure loads acting.

Part c: Can we model sloshing action of water using sap 2000?

Answer: water containing structure under dynamic loads, we can use the specified
procedure in the ACI 350.3-06, Seismic Design of Liquid-Containing Concrete
Structures. Using this code, we can determinate the impulsive and convective
components of water pressure inside a concrete tank, and we can use these values and
introduce them in a SAP2000 model with an adequate use of joint patterns.

Part d: write down the procedure to export file from CSI SAP2000 to CSI SAFE?

Answer: Click on file, goto export option then click on SAFE.F2K. and save while with
selecting all applied loads.

Question 1-C CSI SAFE Portion

Part a: How we can draw trapezoidal footing in CSI SAFE easily?

Answer: By following procedure

I- Select “Quick Draw Area” from the command bar.

II- Insert length and width in command prompt open window.
III- Goto Edit and then select “replicate” option.
IV- In New opened goto “radial” option and provide value 45 degree in box
of increment.
V- Draw area on corner of two areas give trapezoidal footing by deleting
rectangular area, previously drawn for reference.

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 Part b: what are restraints conditions assigned in footing, and how?

Answer: There are no restraints assignment in footing by following procedure.

I- Select the footing area.

II- Goto assign menu and then support conditions then select point
restraints.
III- Uncheck all the options in new opened window and click ok.

Part c: do you support increase in bearing capacity against dynamic loading?

Answer: Yes, I support increase in the bearing capacity against dynamic loading because
code permits us to do so.

Question 2-A superstructure (SAP200):

Part a: For tank shown on page-1 calculate the seismic effective weight as per clause
5.1.2.8.2.1.4 of the ACI 371R-08 when talk is full assume the sum of convective and
impulsive component is equal to unity.

Answer:

Structure weight = 1000 kips

Super imposed load = * p/4 * 382 = 40 kips

Live load = * p/4 * 382 = 17 kips

Increase Vol 25% = 1.25 x 50,000 = 62,000 Gallon

,
Volume in cubic feet = = 8,356 ft3
.

Weight of water = 8,356*62.4/1000 = 521 kips

Seismic effective weight=WE = 1000 + 40 + 17 + 521

WE = 1579 kips

Part b: Calculate the time period of tank having height 95 feet. (method A and
method b)

Answer:

Time period = Ta = Cn (hn)0.75

Ta = 0.03*(95)0.75

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 Ta = 0.91 sec

Tb = 1.3*Ta

Tb = 1.3*0.91

Tb = 1.18 sec

Question 2-B superstructure (SAP200):

Part a: Calculate the Reinforcement of shaft shown on page no. 3 against moment
M11=45 kip-ft and M22= 70 kip-ft.

Answer:

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Question 3-A Sub-Structure (CSI SAFE)

Part a: If effective allowable capacity is mentioned in geotechnical report, which

structural loads are already considered by geotechnical engineer?

Answer: Against the effective allowable capacity provided in geotechnical report

following loads shall also be considered by geotechnical engineer:

I- Assumed weight of raft.

II- Depth and backfill of the excavated soil.
III- Any additional loads on footing

Part b: What are the soil parameters effect the structural design the most?

Answer: The parameters which effect the structural design the most are:

I- Type of soil/Stata.
II- Seismic zone and source distance from structure.
III- Allowable bearing capacity.

Question 3-B Sub-Structure (CSI SAFE)

Part a: Calculate the Reinforcement of footing shown on page no. 4 against moment
M11=1250 kip-ft/ft and M22= 1250 kip-ft/ft.

Answer:

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Question 4-a Last Lecturer:

Part a: Which parameters shall be considered when structural engineer coordinate

with infrastructural engineering for construction of overhead water for New
housing society.

Answer: Following parameters shall be considered while coordination of structural

engineer with infrastructural engineer:

I- Topography of Area:
Topography of the new site of housing society is the key factor in
selecting the location, and elevation of the overhead water tank. If the
topographical area is plane the height calculation totally depends on
maximum height of building but if the area is hilly the reduce levels of the
area shall also be closely consider while designing the overhead water
tank.
II- Source of supply
Source of supply and location of that supply play important role in
selecting the location of the overhead water tank. Elevated Water tank
shall be preferably closer to the source of supply or under ground water
shall be constructed near the source to store water temporary before filling
OHWT.
III- Geo-technical investigation
The economy of the OHWT depend on the geotechnical report. The
location of the OHWT shall be chose on the bearing capacity and
elevation of area.
IV- Area of Society
On the new society number of OHWT and location depends. Location of
OHWT shall be closer to the area of maximum uses. The area of society
shall be sub-divided in sub-sectors to uniformly regarding uses of area.
V- Occupancy type
The uses of water and hence the size of the OHWT shall depends on the
type of occupancy, like residential area, commercial areas, green areas,
educational institutes and community centers. Even the class/status of
residents also largely depends on calculation of use of water (liter per
capita). i.e. for elite class uses of water is much higher than the lower
class. Therefore, it shall be intensely considered for the class/status of
people society plan to attract.

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Question 4-B Varying Conditions:

Part a: After construction of Shaft up-to Level 5, Hydraulic Head is increased by 3 feet only.

Answer: At this stage any change is not recommended at all, but if client insist its can be
done on the compromising the stability and safety of the structure:

This increase can be incorporated By:

Factor of Safety.
“Rounding off the values on saver side” concept.

Recommendation:

To increase the Stability, the Backfill material should be Engineered Filled.

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