Unit 16: film and editing techniques

P1:

 in-camera editing- In- camera editing is a technique where, instead of editing the shots in a
film into sequence after shooting, the director or cinematographer instead shoots the sequences in
strict order. The resulting "edit" is therefore already complete when the film is developed.

 Following the action- When there is a big action scene such as a car chase a camera on a tripod
doesn't work so a camera needs to be able to move. There is different equipment used to film
scenes like these. A dolly shot or tracking shot is when a cart is on a track and is then moved
along it to record a shot. The camera is mounted on the cart to film all the footage. Most dollies
also have the ability to move vertically to capture footage that maybe high up or in some cases
they can be fitted with cranes so footage at a higher level can be captured easily and successfully.

 Multiple points of view - The term point of view, or POV for shorthand, refers to who is
telling a story, or who is narrating it. The narration of a story or novel can be told in three main
ways: first person, second person and third person.

 Shot variation - is the technique used in filming to create a sequence of images using
movement, these types of shots include a wide shot as this type of shot is commonly used at the
start of a sequence to set the tone of the scene as well as enabling the audience to grasp the
concept of the scene.

 Manipulation of diegetic time and space - Manipulation of diegetic time and space is an
editing technique used to portray time unusually. Editorial techniques such as ellipsis and
expansion of time manipulate the time as it is experienced by the audience. Flash backs, where the
characters think back to the audience the interior images of their mind. At home what they are
thinking about on the screen, or they could have a flash forwards into the future where the
characters are thinking about something that could possibly happen. It can also be used to show
the environment or an object changing in a period of time.

 Film – A story or event recorded by a camera as a set of moving images and shown in a
cinema or on television.

 Video - The recording, reproducing, or broadcasting of moving visual images.

 Analogue - analogue describes a device or system that represents changing values as

continuously variable physical quantities. A typical analogue device is a clock in which the hands
move continuously around the face.

 Digital - Digital media is digitized content that can be transmitted over the internet or computer
networks. This can include text, audio, video, and graphics. This means the news from a TV
network, newspaper, magazine, etc. that is presented on a Web site or blog can fall into this
category.

P1.2:

 Purposes - The reason for which something is done or created or for which something
exists. The purpose of my social action was to raise awareness of breast cancer and to
raise money for charity.
 Storytelling, such as, engaging the viewer - Storytelling is the conveying of events in words, and
images, often by improvisation or embellishment. Stories or narratives have been shared in every
culture as a means of entertainment, education, cultural preservation. Crucial elements of stories and
storytelling include plot, characters, and narrative point of view. In my social action I sat at the front of
the room and I shared my own story with those who came to support Macmillan in the coffee morning.
I told them the story off when my granny was diagnosed with breast cancer, and how she was the
reason behind my coffee morning and that I wanted to give back to Macmillan for helping her through
cancer.

 Development of drama - The way footage is edited can determine the intensity of the shots in a film
where drama is key. When creating and developing drama in you your film, it depends on a few things such
as the camera shots. In drama films, they use a lot of reaction shots, this is to signify how one or more
characters act to a situation that has occurred. They also use long-winded shots as they want to build up
tension and create a sense of danger by doing this. Developing drama all comes down to emotion and how
they react and deal with that, after the 'drama element' has took place. An example of where drama is used
and built up is in a film called 'The Lovely Bones'. The element of the film is murder, and we see the
characters go through an emotional roller coaster. To intensify their emotions, reactions shots are used
throughout because it’s the torture of not knowing who killed the girl in the film or what happened prior to
this when she didn't come home. It’s the emotion and build up these events that therefore develop the
drama.

 Relationship to genre - The word 'genre' comes from the French word meaning 'type' or 'class'
.Media genres appear within a medium (film, television) such as the "horror" film or the
television "situation comedy". A genre can be recognised by its common set of distinguishing
features. My social action genre would be a documentary as its not fiction as I am talking about
real problems in the world and I talked about why I got involved and what I did to help.

 Creating motivation - Creating motivation is vital when producing a film or a television programme
as this is the main aspect in keeping the target audience interested in your product. To successfully edit
a film or programme together an editor must always look for motivation in their cuts and this affects
and determines how the audiences feels. There was lots of motivation in my social action because my
granny is a cancer survivor and she was talking about her challenges with breast cancer and how she
overcame her illness and her fears and she also gave advice to those who are currently fighting breast
cancer.

 Combining shots into sequences - Combining shots

into sequences is the process of placing shots together and
making them all flow into each other. Firstly when all the
shots are individually edited they can then be placed into a
successful sequence, and the quality of the editing will
determine how smoothly he sequence flows.

 Creating pace - To create a fast pace scene, shots are

cut quickly and move to other different shots to create the feeling of pace. A slower pace would
be used in a drama/love story type of film. This allows the audience to see and understand the
scene and characters fully without getting distracted by quick cut shots.
 P1.3

 Seamless - Seamless editing is where you put two different pieces of film together to create a neat,
smooth piece of film that runs into each piece of each other easily.
This could be taking two different shots of film from totally different times, yet as the character walks down
the same street and into the same building, you would mirror the image and create a seamless edit.
 Continuity - Continuity editing is the process, in film and video creation, of combining more-or-less
related shots, or different components cut from a single shot, into a sequence so as to direct the
viewer's attention to a pre-existing consistency of story across both time and physical location.

 Motivated - Motivated editing is a technique that is inspired by what you see or hear by the scene,
previous scene or shot. When there is another reason for a completely different shot, motivated editing is
used, being the least disruptive to the film or sequence. An example of using it is if an actor is looking at
something, with a dramatic look on his face, it will instantly cut to whatever he is looking at. That is a
motivated edit. Or, a motivated edit can also be used if in a scene the audience hear a noise, or a loud noise
can be heard. It will suddenly cut to what is making that noise. So the audience can get a visual insight on
where the noise is coming from in the scene.

 Montage - Montage editing, is an effect that is used to put together or combine different scenes that will
contrast from one another, making the audience intrigued while giving them a lot of information in a short
amount of time. Montage editing is used to compress time, showing a lot of information at a short period of
time. Montage editing joins different scenes together at a fast pace, showing the audience lots of different
scenes to give them different information at a fast pace. Cutting up the film, pictures or scenes and placing
them in a screened order, that will make sense to the audience watching it. Montage editing in itself, can use
a lot of shot techniques or angles such as close ups, fades, establishing shots, jump cuts and dissolves. This
technique is like manipulation of time, but shows a montage of different scenes about something or gives a
full meaning about a character or object, instead of showing what is happening as years go by in a film. In
my social action I had a face pace montage of people entering the coffee morning.

 jump-cutting - Jump cut is a technique that is

used between two shots that look like they are
jumping from one to the other, due to both shots
framing being very similar to each other. Jump
cuts are caused by framing to be quite similar in
both shots. Jumping quickly to the next shot that
is similar to what was happening in the first shot,
but has either moved forward or backwards or is
more zoomed in compared to the first shot before
jump cutting to the second. I used jump cuts in
my social action, I did this because I had scenes
where people where being interviewed and they were talking about the importance of coffee mornings and
then I jumped from the interviews straight into the coffee morning footage.

 Parallel editing - The technique parallel editing, also known as cross cutting. Is when two or more
scenes are put together that is happening at the same time in the film, but at different locations So two
scenes will be put together, showing two things happening at once, but at different locations with different
characters, but both scenes connect to the story line or film. The technique establishes two relationships
between two events by cutting from one to the other. The technique is successful when the audience know
that the two events that are cutting from each other are happening at the same time. Instead of just helping
the story line, parallel editing can be used to show contrasts between two events happening at the same
time. How two subjects or events differ from each other as they are happening. Parallel editing is mostly
used to create tension between the two events happening, while linking them both to each other and the
narrative.

 180o rule - The 180 rule for filming states; the camera should remain the same side of an imaginary line,
and should not go past 180 degrees when filming from a certain position or angle. The rule is there to help
continuity of the film, to help the films pace flow. So the audience or film doesn't get confusing at different
shots or angles that do not flow to each other. The camera must be on the same side of the line when
filming a scene, breaking the rule will confuse the audience, being hard to understand the narrative if the
shots do not flow into each other. If completely opposite camera shots are used for a scene .

 Splicing - The purpose of using this technique splicing, is to combine shots into a sequence. Its to help the
film be placed into an effective sequence while having a cutaway effect on the film. Splicing helps give a
cut effect from one shot to another in a sequence. Making the audience feel engaged while watching the
 film seeing that cuts are used in the film, and not just a film with no effects all the way through. To keep the
audience entertained on the editing of the film, and not just the narrative.

 Transitions - In the world of film editing,

different types of transitions are used to a shot
that ends and the next shot begins. A transition is
the effect in the middle that brings them together.
There are many different transitions that can be
used on a film or scene; transitions have been
used at the early years of cinema. Being a part
that brings a scene to an end then starts a new
scene. Each transition that is used creates a
different emotion or impact to the viewer
watching.

 Cut - The most used and common transition is the cut. Most film makers will always use this transition in
their films or sequence. A cut happens in between a shot when one shot instantly replaces another shot
when it ends. Cuts are mostly used in feature films, as they are a quick transition to use to get to one shot to
the other. Usually used in action films being the transition is quick, so the audience can see more of the
action going on in the film if the shots go from one to the other quickly, also creating an intense effect to
the audience. I used cut to jump from one scene to another in my social action so my shots weren’t slow and
boring and to keep the audience’s attention and too keep scenes from being too long and dull.

 Dissolve -The dissolve transition is a technique that lets

one scene dissolve or fade gradually into another scene.
This transition takes longer to go into the next shot or
scene compared to a cut that instantly goes into the next
scene. The first shot starts fading out, getting lighter,
before the second shot starts fading into the first shot as it
fades out, the second scene becoming more prominent.
The technique can be also known as a cross fade. Mostly,
when a dissolve is used in films, it is tried to be done
quickly, sometimes without the audience knowing that a
dissolve transition was used to put together the two
scenes. Dissolves have a more slow or relaxed feel to
them compared to a cut, which is quick and an instant
transition.

 Fade - There's two different fade transitions; fade in and fade out. A fade out is usually used to end a
movie, where a scene gradually fades, and is replaced with a blank screen or another solid colour. Fade ins
are usually used at the beginning of a movie starting with a solid colour or blank screen, slowly fades into a
scene or the start of the movie. I used fades in my social action project at the beginning and at the end, I
also used a fade when I was showcasing the hamper we created and when everyone was dancing.

 Wipe - A wipe transition is when one shot, is gradually replaced with another shot in a pattern or
geometric pattern. The wipe transition has many different types, from complex shapes like a clock, stars etc.
To just a straight line. When using a wipe, the wipe usually has a border a border to help the audience to
distinguish the shots when the wipe transition is happening. As sometimes the wipe transition can be more
flashy than a cut transition, the wipe can be distracting the audience then concentrating on what one sot is
transitioning into another shot. Wipes are very dynamic compared to other transition. The wipe transition is
more of a special effect transition compared t a cut. A wipe helps one sot push the other out of the frame.

 Cutaways - In film and video, a cutaway shot is the interruption of a continuously filmed action by
inserting a view of something else. It is usually, although not always, followed by a cut back to the first
shot, when the cutaway avoids a jump cut.
 (Kill Bill)

 Point of view shot - A point of view shot, also

known as a POV. Is a camera angle that shows the
viewers what the character is seeing through their
eyes, by representation of the camera. Seeing that
the character sees and experiences from their
point of view. This creates the effect that the
audience is immersed into the action. Seeing the
scene from the characters eyes, the audience gets
a feel from how the character themselves is seeing
the action take place in the scene and their actions
from their eyes and other characters. Making the audience feel like they are taking part in the movie
themselves. It gives the audience a deeper feel into the movie. I used POV shots in my social action when I
opened the door to enter into the room where the coffee morning was held.

 Shot-reverse-shot -Shot reverse shot is typically used to show both sides of a conversation situation
between two characters or sometimes a group of characters. So the audience will get a more understanding
of the both characters reactions and use of words by seeing closely how the two characters react to each
other with shot reverse shot. To achieve this shot it usually can take up to three cameras being set up during
the scene.

 Providing and withholding information - Providing and withholding information is a big part of
cinema because as a viewer we don't want to be told the plot from the beginning and this is why dramatic
questions are very important in film making. Providing information for the viewer is essential in the sense
that putting a few shots together that will reveal the minimum will engage your viewer but I think that the
best way to keep a viewer guessing and more hooked on your feature would be by withholding information
because then as a viewer they will be asking questions to try and justify the actions they've just witnessed.
TV dramas are known for providing and withholding information because they are a serial programme they
have to rely on keeping their audience guessing on what's going to happen in the next episode.

 Editing rhythm - Editing rhythm, is a technique used by film makers to help them keep the pace of their
film going to match up the action that is going on in the film. Slow edits in a film have a calming feel to it,
compared to fast cut edits which are lively and have an intense feel to them. Using this technique, making a
steady editing rhythm is used with equal length shots that maintain the pace of the film and the narrative. So
the audience will be able to understand the narrative at a good pace.

 Crosscutting - Cross cutting, is an editing technique that is used commonly in films by film makers, to
establish action happening at the same time in different locations or different characters, like parallel
editing. When a cross cut is happening, it will cut from one action to another, to either hint that these
actions are similar or connected in a way, or to add suspense to audience by cutting from one action in the
film to another one. Cross cutting creates parallels like parallel editing. It cuts from one action to the other
which could be happening at different places in the narrative, but at the same time. Cross cutting is also
used when two characters are having a conversation on the phone. I used cross cutting when I filmed myself
talking about Macmillan then showed the audience and their reactions, then I cross cut back to the coffee
morning.

 Cutting to soundtrack - Cutting to soundtrack, is a technique used to help the editing pace of a film, by
cutting depending on the soundtrack or music playing in the scene. Each cut is inspired by the style of
music heard in the background of that scene. It attracts the audience attention as they are curious to when
the scene is going to cut next in the same rhythm of the music. It also creates intensity to the viewer by
cutting on the music's beat, it makes the scene more intense whether its a slow or fast song. It engages the
audience to watch like they are watching a music video, to watch how it cuts to each beat and what the
shots will each show.
LO2.1 Preparation techniques:

checking material for faults - This is the process of looking at and listening
to your footage after you have shot it another thing to look out for is good lighting
you don’t want to film and look back and the light is over exposed. By checking for
faults you will see if you have made any mistakes and you will see if the files saved
correctly.

 Marking up a script - Marking The Shooting Script has all the scenes numbered, camera
angles and shots indicated and contains directorial requirements to guide the director of
photography in setting up the shots and the editor in
postproduction.

 Creating bins - Within editing software there are elements called

libraries and bins. Creating these is very simple in editing software
such as Final Cut Pro. You create these by going to file and new.
Then in the drop down menu, select library or bin to create them.

 Clarifying the purpose of the work with a client - This is a process, which involves a lot
of communication between you and your client. This could be from a client brief, so you have
something to work with. You can also sit down and listen to your clients feedback either it be
positive or something you need to improve on its always good to receive feedback.

P2.2

 Preparing to edit - Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, visual,
audible, and film media used to convey information. The editing process can involve
correction, condensation, organization, and many other modifications performed with an
intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate and complete work.

 importing clips - Import is a command

typically located within a program's File
menu (File → Import...). ... Instead of
opening standard file types, Import is often
used for importing parts of files, program
settings, plug-ins, or other unconventional
file formats.

 Bins - The Recycle Bin in

used by
Windows computers to
 store deleted items. It temporarily stores files and folders before they are permanently
deleted. The Recycle Bin window allows you to delete items individually or restore them
to their original location.

 Timelines - Arrange clips in the timeline. In Final Cut Pro, you can arrange and reorder
the clips in your project however you want. If you add or move a clip in the timeline by
dragging, Final Cut Pro moves other clips to make room for it.

 Storage- A storage device is any computing hardware that is used for storing, porting
and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily
and permanently, and can be internal or external to a computer, server or any
similar computing device.

 folder management – A file manager or file

browser is a computer program that provides a user
interface to manage files and folders. Folders and
files may be displayed in a hierarchical tree based on
their directory structure. Some file managers contain
features inspired by web browsers, including forward
and back navigational buttons.

 Formats - To format a computer disk means to

run a program so that the disk can be written on.
There are a number of different formats, which
videos and photos can be stored. These can
dictate the size and quality of an image or type
way it is viewer. I mostly use H.264 format for
videos as it gives a good quality without too
much storage. I capture images in a RAW format
so I have more image quality to work with. When
I am done working on the image I save it as a
JPEG. I choose JPEG because it is very
universal, meaning it is supported by a lot of
software.

 Resolution - In computers, resolution is the number

of pixels (individual points of colour) contained on a
display monitor, expressed in terms of the number of
pixels on the horizontal axis and the number on the vertical axis. The sharpness of the
image on a display depends on the resolution and the size of the monitor.
LO3. BE ABLE TO EDIT MOVING IMAGE MATERIAL
LO3.1 Editing technology:

Software applications

An application is any program, or group of programs, that is designed for the end user.
Applications software (also called end-user programs) include such things as database programs,
word processors, Web browsers and spread sheets.

Hardware
In information technology, hardware is the physical aspect of computers, telecommunications,
and other devices. The term arose as a way to distinguish the "box" and the electronic circuitry
and components of a computer from the program you put in it to make it do things.

Non-linear
Non-linear television is "on-demand" programs. These are VOD, SVOD, Catch-up/Replay...
modern television where we can choose what time we watch what we would like to see. Non-
linear is new & growing, therefore, taking "market share" to linear television. Non-linear has a
strong impact on consumers' behaviours: People now wants to be able to watch what they want,
when they want, on the device they chose. They don't feel the need to be dependent on a program
guide. Young generations are being raised in this paradigm.
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/linear-vs-non-linear-television-guillaume-morel

What is the difference between High Definition (HD) and Digital?

Digital Television (DTV) refers to a signal that is transmitted digitally and allows Midco to support
more than one channel in the signal output or bandwidth, as opposed to analog which only allows for
a single channel per signal.

High definition (HD) is an enhanced digital signal, offering a significant difference in visual and
audio quality in comparison to digital programming. You can enjoy a higher screen resolution for a
clearer and sharper picture and a wider screen format for more vivid colors and better action. In
addition, televisions with Dolby digital sound are considered to have a superior high-definition audio
as well.

https://www.midco.com/support/cable-tv/channel-listing-music/high-definition-hd/what-is-the-difference-
between-high-definition-hd-and-digital/

Hard Disc
A hard disk is part of a unit -- often called a disk drive, hard drive or hard disk drive -- that stores and
provides relatively quick access to large amounts of data on an electromagnetically charged surface or
set of surfaces. Today's computers typically come with a hard disk that can contain anywhere from
billions to trillions of bytes of storage.

https://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/hard-disk










Data transfer rates

he data transfer rate (DTR) is the amount of digital data that is moved from one place to another
in a given time. The data transfer rate can be viewed as the speed of travel of a given amount of
data from one place to another. In general, the greater the bandwidth of a given path, the higher
the data transfer rate.
https://searchunifiedcommunications.techtarget.com/definition/data-transfer-rate

Exporting production file types,

H264
An H264 file is a video file encoded with H.264 compression, which is a popular format for high
definition video. It is often used as the video format for AVCHD camcorders, HDTV, Blu-ray,
and HD DVD. H264 generally refers to a video file that is actually an .MP4 file.
https://fileinfo.com/extension/h264

Quick-time

QuickTime is a proprietary multimedia platform developed and distributed by Apple Inc. It is

used for just about any multimedia function in most Mac applications but is just usually used to
play QuickTime format media on a PC.
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/106/quicktime

Mov

A MOV file is a common multimedia container file format developed by Apple and compatible
with both Macintosh and Windows platforms. It may contain multiple tracks that store different
types of media data and is often used for saving movies and other video files. MOV files
commonly use the MPEG-4 codec for compression. https://fileinfo.com/extension/mov

Avi

(Audio Video Interleaved file)

An AVI (Audio Video Interleaved) file is a sound and motion picture file that conforms to the
Microsoft Windows Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF) specification. AVI files (which end
with an .avi extension) require a special player that may be included with your Web browser or
may require downloading. https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/AVI-file-Audio-Video-
Interleaved-file

FLV

is a file format used by Adobe Flash Player and Adobe AIR to store and deliver synchronized
audio and video streams over the Internet. https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/FLV-file-
format

Compression

Data compression is a reduction in the number of bits needed to represent data. Compressing data
can save storage capacity, speed up file transfer, and decrease costs for storage hardware and
network bandwidth. https://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/compression

Task 2 - Follow Editing process:

Use appropriate techniques, such as

Seamless

Seamless editing is where you put two different pieces of film together to create a neat, smooth
piece of film that runs into each piece of each other easily.
This could be taking two different shots of film from totally different times, yet as the character
walks down the same street and into the same building, you would mirror the image and create a
seamless edit. An example of this would be the new advert for the John Lewis advert as it shows
two different people walking down the same street and going into the same building. This shows
the seamless edit, as it smoothly runs through and looks like one piece of film.
https://ashleighevers.wordpress.com/2012/10/01/seamless-editing/

YouTube Example

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZF56-EljFQ

Continuity, http://filmvideoeditingtechniques.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-history-and-
development-of-editing_186.html

Motivated
Motivated editing is a way of helping to suspend the audience’s disbelief when watching a
production. Motivated editing is where shots are carefully chosen to push a story along and make the
audience believe what they are seeing. For instance if there is a shot of someone walking into a room
and looking around, it is best to then cut to a shot of that actors point of view. This way the audience
get to see exactly what that actor sees and it engrosses them in the story even more. Motivated editing
is a good way to get an audience deeply involved in what they are watching and makes them less
likely to notice all the different cuts and the fact that what they are actually watching is just different
video shots put together. Instead it makes them fully believe in the story.
https://staceylrowe.wordpress.com/2012/05/02/motivated-editing-and-the-180-degree-rule/

Montage By definition, a montage is "a single pictorial composition made by juxtaposing or

superimposing many pictures or designs." In filmmaking, a montage is an editing technique in which
shots are juxtaposed in an often fast-paced fashion that compresses time and conveys a lot of
information in a relatively short period.

https://www.slideshare.net/HannahEmmaLailaJosh/what-is-montage-editing

jump-cutting or parallel editing conventions A jump

cut is a cut in film editing in which two sequential
shots of the same subject are taken from camera
positions that vary only slightly if at all. This type of
edit gives the effect of jumping forwards in time. ...
Continuity editing uses a guideline called the "30
degree rule" to avoid jump cuts.

Task 3 - Apply and use appropriate transitions:

for example

cut In the post-production process of film editing and video editing, a cut is an abrupt, but usually
trivial film transition from one sequence to another. It is synonymous with the term edit, though "edit"
can imply any number of transitions or effects. The cut, dissolve and wipe serve as the three primary
transitions.

Dissolve

Example:

In the post-production process of film editing and video editing, a dissolve is a gradual transition from one
image to another. The terms fade-out (also called fade to black) and fade-in are used to describe a
transition to and from a blank image. This is in contrast to a cut where there is no such transition. A
dissolve overlaps two shots for the duration of the effect.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTPctDhOCzE
Fade- The fade in and fade out usually signal the beginning or end of a scene, especially if
the filmmaker is fading to/from black. This is the most common, of course, but fading to
white has become trendy, too. The opening title sequence from the HBO series Six Feet
Under featured many fades to black and a couple brief fades to white. The very last bit in the
sequence fades slowly to white, and is my all-time favourite example of the transition.
https://youtu.be/frWH6ZCJtyM

Wipes : This transition is the opposite of the dissolve in that it draws attention to itself. The
best example of the wipe is what's known as the Iris Wipe, which you usually find in silent
films, like Buster Keaton's or the Merrie Melodies cartoons—the circle getting smaller and
smaller. Other wipe shapes include stars, diamonds, and the old turning clock.The Star Wars
films are chock-full of attention-grabbing wipes. Here are two good examples from The
Empire Strikes Back. The first shows the clock wipe; the second, the diagonal wipe (pay no
attention to the broken blocks at the start of the second clip—that's a technical glitch, not part
of the film). https://youtu.be/qJHR_M65qL4

Task 4 - use appropriate editing conventions:

Cutaways

As the name implies, in the basic cutaway, the filmmaker is moving from the action to
something else, and then coming back to the action. Cutaways are used to edit out boring
shots (like people driving to their destination—why not see what the character is seeing or
even thinking sometimes?) or add action to a sequence by changing the pace of the footage.
My favourite use of the cutaway is in Family Guy, where the technique is used to insert
throwaway gags. Here's a great example : hthttps://youtu.be/mt2CTazr5 -
Etps://youtu.be/mt2CTazr5 -E

Cutting on action:

Cutting on action or matching on action refers to film editing and video editing techniques where the
editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action. A common example is a
man walking up to a door and reaching for the knob.

https://youtu.be/XVZkAg8Nwqg

Creating juxtapositions Definitions: Juxtaposition is the film editing technique of

combining of two or more shots to evoke an idea or state of mind. A montage can be
a juxtaposition of two shots, but commonly refers to the juxtaposition of multiple
shots to depict an event often in stretched or condensed time.

Intercutting; https://youtu.be/pn61bch79pQ

Pace effectively;
Pacing is an abstract concept that takes practice, practice, and more practice. But don’t g et
frustrated. I’m working on a music video right now and I had to recut it three times until I felt
the pacing was right. That’s the nature of editing. The important thing is that I knew the first
two cuts were not paced well and that the third cut was ri ght. I knew when to keep going—
and when to stop. That’s what you need to understand about pacing.

The biggest misconception about pacing is that it has anything to do with speed (fast cuts or
scenes) or time (length). It’s often assumed that the faster something is edited, the better the
pacing is. Something that is cut fast can be perfectly paced. Something that’s cut extremely
slow can be perfectly paced. https://youtu.be/r1GIy5a_4Zo

Convey information effectively;

To convey information or feelings means to cause them to be known or understood by someone.

Use sound to create impact;

Sound effects can be used to add mood or atmosphere to a lm by creating a soundscape that accents or adds
another layer of meaning to the images on the screen. Pitch, tempo, and volume may be altered to indicate how
the filmmaker expects the audience to respond to a given noise. For instance, high-pitched sounds, including
screams or squealing tires, help to create a sense of anxiety, while low-pitched sounds, including the sounds of
waves or the swinging of a door, can be used to create a sense of calm or mystery.

Synchronize sound and vision; mix soundtracks

With the rise of the modern home studio, composers are expected to do more and more in the box, and often
from their own small, privately owned, studios. No matter what technical tools a composer uses, it’s still
beneficial to have a second pair of ears on a project. This is where the mix engineer comes in. In response to
dwindling production budgets, Jake Jackson set up his ‘Mix At Yours’ service. Instead of sending your music
off to a mix engineer in another studio and receiving a mixed file, Jake swoops into your home studio to mix
your music. Not only do you save money, but this also lets you make post-mix adjustments should there be an
inevitable 11th-hour change to the video.

Overlap sound; overlap sound Sound is half of your film. Turn off the audio on any film and note how different the
effect is. It’s not just information, dialogue and music that’s missing. It’s the feel of the piece, the atmosphere. Some
directors are particularly attuned to the expressive potential of sound; Alfred Hitchcock, David Lynch. They’ll often
incorporate sound as part of the basic conception of their films.

https://movingimageeducation.org/create-films/post-production/sound-and-music

Task 5 - Employ Post-production tools:

Image editing Image editing refers to modifying or improving digital or traditional photographic
images using different techniques, tools or software

www.techopedia.com/definition/7686/image-editing
Audio editing effects to enhance genre style Audio effects are analog or digital devices that are used to
intentionally alter how a musical instrument or other audio source sounds. Effects can be subtle or extreme, and
they can be used in live or recording situations. A good example of audio effects are the “stomp boxes” that
many electric guitarists use to achieve their desired sound. By chaining together many different types of effects,
a musician can sculpt a unique tone and enhance their music in many ways. Almost all popular music benefits
from the creative use of effects, especially electronic music which makes liberal use of these devices. With
proper treatment, audio effects can really bring your music to life and take the listener to new sonic spaces.
http://blog.dubspot.com/understanding-audio-effects-an-overview/