ESSAY

1. Rising tension between the US and North Korea threatens global stability
2. Many governments see war-torn countries as a profit opportunity. Not only do they try out recently
acquired military equipment, but they can also have access to highly-demanded natural resources
that would otherwise require a vast investment.
3. Mass media has a decisive influence on world population. The past few years have witnessed an
exponential growth in the use of social networking which is allowing people to broaden their
horizons and to have a worldwide scope
4. Despite the fact that there is a growing trend of people who believe…, many experts claim that…
5. Although recent surveys carried out at the University of California (Berkeley) show that…
6. On the one hand… On the other hand
7. STH is starting to look like a diesel truck collecting dust in the age of electric cars
8. To conduct or to carry out a survey on sth

COLLOCATIONS
1. AMBITION
a. A burning ambition
b. A lifelong ambition
c. To fulfil an ambition
2. CHALLENGE
a. Major challenge
b. Take up a challenge
c. Face a challenge
3. JOB
a. Challenging job
b. Demanding job
c. Overwhelming job
d. Rewarding job
e. Full-time job
f. Part-time job
g. Well-paid job

DESCRIBING A CITY
1. Granada is a fascinating city that offers a wide range of opportunities for tourists to experience.
2. You can visit a historic neighborhood such as the Albayzin or you can enjoy the lively atmosphere of
its city center every night
3. It is very close to Sierra Nevada, where not only you can practice winter sports but also enjoy some
breathtaking landscapes and many walking routes
4. Expect to see endless hills of white architecture with tile roofs poking out randomly. It is a once in a
lifetime opportunity to get a better insight into the Muslim culture
5. The main advantage of living in Granada is that everything is within easy walking distance and thus
people don’t have to put up with exhausting fumes or traffic jams

GIVING YOUR OPINION

1. Personally, …
2. In my opinion, …
3. To conclude,
4. I strongly believe that…
5. Although I am not an expert in this particular field, I strongly believe that
6. In a nutshell,
7.

ARTICLE
Use a catchy beginning: rhetorical question, interesting title

INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH
RHETORICAL QUESTIONS

1. Shouldn’t people under the age of 18 be allowed to marry?

2. Should young people’s voices be heard?
3. Should young people start planning early for retirement?

RISING NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

 Once upon a time, the European Union was a desirable destination for former Eastern Bloc
countries. Today, the European alliance faces major difficulties with some of its most recent
additions.
 Poland and Hungary have begun to define new old values: the fatherland, the Christian faith, family.
Similar political and social ideals have emerged in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: a counter-
movement to the relatively open societies of Western Europe.
 The idea is to grant the nation priority in a borderless globalized existence
 Syria’s mass migration is dividing European countries since some of them claim they can’t cope with
the vast amount of people seeking help. Even though the EU plans to reward countries that have
taken a sizeable population of refugees, tensions are rising as no nation would like to become a
major migrant hotspot

JUST WAR THEORY

 It is a doctrine, studied by military leaders and politicians, whose purpose is to ensure that war is
morally justifiable through a series of criteria, all of which must be met.
 Just War Theory postulates that war, while terrible, is not always the worst option. Important
responsibilities, undesirable outcomes or preventable atrocities may justify war.
 Not only does it take into account the reasons to start a conflict, but also the way to conduct a war.

DEATH PENALTY
CRIME ESSAY

Despite the fact that we live in a peaceful and democratic society, where everybody is supposed to act
as responsible law-abiding citizens, there is no doubt that crime is a reality we cannot get rid of.

Although criminals are usually sentenced to prison, recent studies prove that this may not be
the most effective way to reduce crime rates. Experts claim that successful rehabilitation of today’s
criminals should focus on a combination of both group therapy and probation in order not to isolate
inmates from reality and worsen their future social reintegration.

Nevertheless, major crimes must be treated radically different. While pickpockets, jaywalkers or
shoplifters’ charges should be oriented toward group therapy, violent or sex offenders must be
sentenced to life imprisonment. According to psychiatrists, murderers or rapists will never be ready to
live in society again.

Following the same line, social workers union’s spokesman points out the importance of
community service. “It is an extremely effective measure to guarantee social reintegration since not only
allows criminals to be in touch with people, but it also helps the government to save up some money in
public services”, he said in a recent press conference.

To sum up, I strongly believe that rehabilitation programs should play a vital role in the criminal
system. Community working and group therapy have proven themselves efficient to prevent criminals
from reoffending again. Therefore, criminal justice systems should focus more on rehabilitation rather
than retribution.

E-LEARNING
 We live in a technological society where children are increasingly interested in using technology.
Consequently, this creates an astonishing opportunity for schools and teachers to benefit from
integrating these inventions in the classroom while making teaching and learning more effective.
 Recent studies carried out at the University of California prove that knowledge retention would be
improved since watching videos is more effective than traditional book-based lessons. Additionally,
they defend that participation would increase because images have a stronger impact on children
and help awake interest in the topic.
 As far as individual learning is concerned, there is no doubt that browsing the Internet is the best
way to broaden one’s horizons and acquire a vast knowledge. There is a great deal of information
available with the simple click of the mouse.

EU PENSION SYSTEM
 Pensions aim to protect retired people from poverty and allow them to enjoy decent living
standards.
 Future challenges: the share of older people in Europe's population and life expectancy are both
increasing. European pension systems will need to adapt to stay financially sustainable and be able
to provide Europeans with an adequate income in retirement.