Pulas, Josiah Othniel P.

11 STEM A1

1. Definition and history of basketball

Basketball is one of the most popular games around the world. If one has a basketball and a
hoop, they can play this game indoors as well as outdoors. If one is a professional, they will
definitely need most of the equipment to practice. But, if one is just starting out and learning a
few tricks of the trade, then the basic necessities will suffice their needs.a usually indoor court
game between two teams of usually five players each who score by tossing an inflated ball
through a raised goal. In contrast to other sports, basketball has a clear origin. It is not the
evolution from an ancient game or another sport and the inventor is well known: Dr. James
Naismith.
Naismith was born in 1861 in Ramsay township, Ontario, Canada. He graduated as a physician at
McGill University in Montreal and was primarily interested in sports physiology.
In 1891, while working as a physical education teacher at the YMCA International Training
School (today, Springfield College) in the United States, Naismith was faced with the problem of
finding in 14 days an indoor game to provide "athletic distraction" for the students at the School
for Christian Workers (Naismith was also a Presbyterian minister).
After discarding the idea of adapting outdoor games like soccer and lacrosse, Naismith recalled
the concept of a game of his school days known as duck-on-a-rock that involved accuracy
attempting to knock a "duck" off the top of a large rock by tossing another rock at it.
Starting from there, Naismith developed a set of 13 rules that gave origin to the game of
basketball.
Of course it was not exactly as we know it today. The first game was played with a soccer ball
and two peach baskets nailed 10-feet high used as goals, on a court just half the size of a present-
day court. The baskets retained their bottoms so balls scored into the basket had to be poked out
with a long dowel each time and dribbling (bouncing of the ball up and down while moving) was
not part of the original game.
The sport was an instant success and thanks to the initial impulse received by the YMCA
movement, basketball's popularity quickly grew nationwide and was introduced in many nations.
Although Naismith never saw the game develop into the spectacular game we know these days,
he had the honor to witness basketball become an Olympic sport at the 1936 Games held in
Berlin.
2. Facilities and equipments in Basketball

The Ball

The most important thing for training is the ball. There are certain guidelines which one needs to
follow when buying a basketball. For practicing, one can play with a rubber ball. For
professional competitions, one needs to use an inflated ball made of leather. Official size of a
basketball is 29.5 to 30 inches in circumference for men's game and 28.5 inches in circumference
for women's game. It should weigh 18 to 22 ounces. When bounced off 6 feet from the floor, a
well inflated ball should bounce 49 to 54 inches in height.

Shoes

One needs specialized shoes when playing basketball. It should be able to give better support to
the ankle as compared to running shoes. The basketball shoes should be high-tipped shoes and
provide extra comfort during a game. These shoes are specially designed to maintain high
traction on the basketball court.

Basketball Shooting Equipment

The hoop or basket is a horizontal metallic rim, circular in shape. This rim is attached to a net
and helps one score a point. The rim is mounted about 4 feet inside the baseline and 10 feet
above the court.

Basketball Court

The basketball court is the next important thing for shooting balls in this game. The court is
usually made of wooden floorboard. The court size is about 28m x 17m according to the
International standards. The National Basketball Association (NBA) regulation states the floor
dimension as 29m x 15m. The standard court is rectangular in shape and has baskets placed on
opposite ends.

Backboard

The backboard is the rectangular board that is placed behind the rim. It helps give better rebound
to the ball. The backboard is about 1800mm in size horizontally and 1050mm vertically. Many
times, backboards are made of acrylic, aluminum, steel or glass.

Uniforms

When one starts coaching a basketball team, the most important requirement for a team is to
have a uniform. This helps one differentiate teams from one another. A uniform consists of a
jersey (shirt), shorts, numbers on the front and back of the shirts for identification.

Shot Clock

The offense is allowed a maximum of 24 seconds to have a ball in hand before shooting. These
24 seconds are counted on the shot clock. If the offense fails to shoot a ball that hits the rim, they
will lose the possession of the ball to the other team.
Whistle

The coach or referee uses a whistle to indicate the start or end of a game. S/he can even use the
whistle to stop the play in the middle of a game. Whistle also helps to indicate fouls, timeout, or
out of bound balls to the players. In order to get the attention of the players, many times coaches
use the whistle to gather the players.

3. Basic Skills in Basketball

-Footwork Drills

Since basketball is a game where the action that we focus on takes place with the hands,
it is an easy thing to overlook the importance of footwork. Good footwork on defense
helps players stay on balance, play in better position, and avoid fouling. On offense,
good footwork helps in positioning, faking, and reducing turnovers. This article will
offer a few ideas for some fundamental basketball footwork drills to improve your
players.

Starts, stops, and pivots footwork drill

This is a great drill to work on being on balance to avoid traveling and fumbling the
basketball. You can do this drill with or without a basketball, depending on the age and
ability of the players that you coach.

Players start on the baseline, facing half court. When coach says “right foot, go!” players
step with their right foot, concentrate on keeping their left foot still and either dribble
the ball if they have one, or pretend dribble if they are younger and are doing the drill
without a basketball.

They dribble for about 15 feet and make a jump stop. Use the free throw line and free
throw line extended to guide you. Now, have the players pivot using forward and
reverse pivots to protect the basketball. On your whistle, have them pivot and face back
toward the baseline.

Now, they must know which foot to move—the one that they were pivoting with when
you say “go” for them to dribble back to the baseline. Continue the drill, alternating
which starting foot you use. Emphasize correct footwork, stance, and not
traveling. This is a good drill to use at the beginning of your season and then from time
to time to keep players sharp throughout the season.

Cut, catch, create offensive footwork drill

This is a good drill to use for a couple of minutes prior to your shooting drills. Position
players in spots where they will be in your offensive system. You can either have
players make cuts with or without screens. Have them go half speed to get their
footwork right.

They should take their defender away from where they are going to cut and cut off the
screen going shoulder to shoulder with the screener. The next step is to work on
whatever footwork you teach on the catch, two foot stop, or one two into the shot. After
the catch, the player works on the footwork for a shot fake. Player makes a start without
traveling and then drives to the basket to work on the footwork of finishing at in the
lane.

Each time you do this drill, put players in different spots on the floor where they make
cuts within your offensive system.

Mass stance defensive footwork drills

These are good drills to simulate the footwork involved in various defensive
responsibilities. In each version of the drill, start out slow so that players can think
through the movements and get a feel for the footwork involved. Gradually increase the
pace of the drill until you have the players going at game speed.

This example is to work with players in their on-ball defensive stance. Players are
spread around the half court in a defensive stance. Coach yells “fire” and players pitter
patter their feet. When the coach points left, players slide left. Same with sliding right,
sliding forward, and sliding backward. Players should keep their feet as wide as possible
and still be able to move.

You can develop similar drills to work on the footwork that you teach for denying a
player the ball, getting through screens, and closing out on the basketball.

Footwork drills are not players’ favorite thing to do. It is hard to make them competitive
and they are repetitive. This is where the art of coaching comes in by explaining the
value of footwork drills and soliciting buy in from your players. Convincing them that
proper footwork will save them a foul or two and a turnover or two each game is a good
place to start.

If you get five players to make those improvements for each game, it is easy to see that
basketball footwork drills can make a significant difference in your win/loss record.

-Dribbling

Practicing and improving your dribbling is a simple task. There are innumerable dribbling drills
that are in use today that are challenging and effective. The set of drills that have come to be
 known as "Maravich Drills," (after the late ball-handling wizard Pete Maravich) are widely
known. They include drills such as passing the ball around your body, dribble figure 8s, spider
dribbling, drop and catch. Dribbling Practice

"Maravich Drills" are very good at getting players comfortable with the ball. Below are some
examples.

 Dribble Figure 8's - Spread legs about shoulder width. Dribble the ball through and around legs
in a figure 8. Can be done multiple ways - front to back, back to front, low dribbles (as many
dribbles as possible with dribble about shoe height), as few dribbles as possible (high dribble
about waist high), can even be done walking. For even more of a challenge, try the drill with one
hand instead of two.

 Spider Dribble - Feet spread about shoulder width. Dribble the ball between your legs in the
following manner - left hand, right hand in front of your legs; left hand, right hand behind your
legs. Work to as fast a possible.

 Drop and Catch - Hold ball between your legs with right hand in front of your body, left hand
behind. Drop the ball and exchange you hand position and re-catch the ball before it hits the
ground.

These are just examples. There are too many of these drills to list here. Pete Maravich devised
these drills out of his imagination, his need for challenge and his drive to improve. You do not
need to be bound by other people's drills; challenge yourself to come up with your own drills.

Dribbling Warm Ups

I prefer to practice skills in combinations that are relevant to multiple aspects of the game. It
saves time and instills a great sense of urgency.. It saves time and has a great sense of urgency.
One of the ways I do this is to add dribbling into my stretching exercises.

 Hamstring Stretch - While dribbling with your right hand, cross right leg over left. Bend at the
waist, touch the floor with your left hand and bring your dribble down to shoe top level. Hold for
an 8 count. Reverse position and switch hands.

 Lower Body and Achilles Stretch - Dribble waist high while standing up. Step as far forward
with your right leg as you can, keeping your back straight and your left heel on the ground. At
the same time bring your dribble forward of your right foot, keeping the ball at shoe-top height.
Hold for an 8 count and then stand up. Switch legs and dribble hand.

 Crossover - Same as above except, step forward with left leg. As foot goes to the floor, switch
hands, right to left, keeping dribble shoe top height. Cross back when standing up.

 Through Legs - Same as above except instead of crossing over, put ball through legs at shoe top
height.
 Multiple Through Legs - Same as above except put ball through legs 3 times (left, right, left) on
quick, successive dribbles shoe top height.

 Torso Twist - Spread legs outside of shoulder width, dribble with right hand. Keeping legs
straight, bring ball across body to left side, outside left foot and dribble at shoe top height behind
left foot.

These are just samples. You can develop a dribble stretch for any part of the body.

I think the most effective way to improve your dribble, however, is by using 2 balls. Any dribble
or drill you can do with 1 ball, you can do with 2. Stationary practice at first will build
confidence. Stand on the baseline and try to control both balls. Then start to move. Go half court,
then full court. Follow the lines around the court or in any route you can come up with.

Ball Handling

The difference between dribbling and ball handling is intent. Dribbling is the skill of controlling
the ball as you bounce it to the floor. Ball handling (at least 1 aspect of ball handling) is what
you do with that dribble.

Whether you use it to go to the basket, make a passing angle, escape from pressure or anything
else, those situations have to be imagined and practiced.

Here are some situational drills:

 Full Court Lay-ups - Start on the baseline. Dribble full court with right hand in 5 dribbles and
make a lay-up, come back with left hand. Then reduce the number of dribbles to 4 and then to 3.

 Chair Changes - Place a chair about 21 feet from the basket. It can be on top, on the wing, or in
the corner. Start about 8-10 feet beyond the chair. Dribble straight at the chair. At the chair, use a
change of direction dribble (crossover, inside out, behind back, etc) to go beyond the chair and
make a lay-up. Try to get to the point where you only need one dribble to get to the lay-up.
Practice all the changes.

 Two up - Two back - Set a chair such as in the drill above. Take 2 hard dribbles at the chair.
When reaching the chair, take 2 backup dribbles. After the second dribble, push ahead into 1
dribble lay-up or pull-up jumpshot.

 Dropstep Dribble - (works on footwork and ballhanding)

 Chair Curl - This is another great multi use drill. It combines shooting, ball handling and speed
and high intensity change in direction.

 Chair Curl Phase 2 (With 2 Chairs)

 Two Ball Dribbling Drills & Moves - Excellent way to improve one on one moves.
 Basketball Pick and Roll Drills

Shooting drills can also be adapted to work on ball handling aspects by adding changes of
direction and pivoting to create 1 and 2 dribble opportunities for either jumpers or lay-ups.

-Passing and Types of Passing

TYPES OF PASSES

There are essentially two types of passes:

 Air Pass - The pass travels between players without hitting the floor.
 Bounce Passes - The pass is thrown to the floor so that it bounces to the intended receiver

Each type of pass comes with its own variations.

Basic Variations:

- Chest Pass
- Bounce Pass
- Overhead Pass
- Wrap Around Pass

Advanced Variations:

- Baseball Pass
- Dribble Pass
- Behind-the-Back Pass
- Pick and Roll Pass

TEACHING POINTS

When teaching passing, points of emphasis should be:

 A good pass is a pass a teammate can catch

 When passing, step toward your receiver.
 When catching, step toward the pass
 Like shooting, the ball should have a backspin to it. This is accomplished by following
through on every pass.

Basic Passes
CHEST PASS

The chest pass is named so because the pass originates from the chest. It is thrown by gripping
the ball on the sides with the thumbs directly behind the ball. When the pass is thrown, the
fingers are rotated behind the ball and the thumbs are turned down. The resulting follow
through has the back of the hands facing one another with the thumbs straight down. The ball
should have a nice backspin.

When throwing a chest pass, the players should strive to throw it to the receiver's chest level.
Passes that go low to high or high to low are difficult to catch.

BOUNCE PASS

The bounce pass is thrown with the same motion however it is aimed at the floor. It should be
thrown far enough out that the ball bounces waist high to the receiver. Some say try to throw it
3/4 of the way to the receiver, and that may be a good reference point to start, but each player has
to experiment how far to throw it so it bounces to the receiver properly. Putting a proper and
consistent backspin on the pass will make the distance easier to judge.

OVERHEAD PASS

The overhead pass is often used as an outlet pass. Bring the ball directly above your forehead
with both hands on the side of the ball and follow through. Aim for the teammate's chin. Some
coaches advise not bring the ball behind your head, because it can get stolen and it takes a split-
second longer to throw the pass.

WRAP AROUND PASS

Step around the defense with your non-pivot foot. Pass the ball with one hand (outside hand). It
can be used as an air or a bounce pass. You will often see the wrap-around, air pass on the
perimeter and the wrap-around, bounce pass to make an entry into the post.
Advanced Passes

BASEBALL PASS

A baseball pass is a one-handed pass that uses the same motion as a baseball throw. This is often
used to make long passes.<br
Be careful with young kids. You don't want them throw their arms out.

DRIBBLE PASS

The dribble pass is used to quickly pass the ball with one hand off of the dribble. This can be an
air or bounce pass. You'll see Steve Nash do this all of the time.

BEHIND-THE-BACK PASS

A behind-the-back pass is when you wrap the ball around your back to throw the ball. It is used
to avoid the defender when making a pass across the front of you would be risky. It can also be
used to throw the ball to a player trailing on the fast break.

I would not recommend to use this pass during a game until heavily practiced.

PICK AND ROLL PASS

This is a pass that is used when the defenders double-team or switch on the pick and roll. If
dribbling to the right, your left side is facing the target and you bring the ball up from your right
side to throw the ball overhead to the screener who has either rolled to the basket or popped to
the perimeter. The pass is used to shield the ball from the defender, and many times is thrown in
"hook shot" fashion. Advanced players can do this while slightly fading away from the defender.

-Shooting and Types of Shooting

Eyes on Target- To improve accuracy, locate the target (rim) as early as possible. Keep your eyes on
the target and do not follow the flight of the ball.

Stance and Balance-

Feet are shoulder width apart for good balance.

Feet should be in a slightly staggered stance that is consistent and comfortable for you. Your
shooting foot is slightly ahead of the non-shooting foot in a comfortable position.

Point your feet in the general direction of the basket, but not necessarily directly at it. We prefer
an open stance, but you can also use the closed (squared) stance if that's more comfortable for
you. With an open stance, your feet point towards one side of the basket. For example, a right
handed shooter will point his or her feet just to the left of the rim for a more natural position and
shooting motion.

Once you develop a comfortable stance, line up your feet the exact same way on every shot.
Whatever stance you use, consistency is critical.

Flex/bend your knees on every shot.

SHOT POCKET

As you catch the ball, move it quickly into the shot pocket.

Line everything up so the ball and your shooting eye form a straight line to the basket. This is
VERY important.

Position the ball several inches above your waist.

Grip the ball properly and be ready to shoot.

Position the ball in your shot pocket the SAME way every time you catch it.

GRIP

Place the air hole between the middle and index fingers.

Line up your fingertip pads parallel to the long seams of the ball, so you can monitor the back
spin.

Leave space between the ball and the middle of your palm. You should be able to insert a pencil
between the ball and your palm area.

Spread your fingers far enough apart to comfortably balance the ball in one hand.

The ball should sit on your finger pads.

BALANCE HAND
Your non-shooting hand should be on the side of the ball.

Your balance hand should not add force or spin to the shot.

Your non-shooting hand should not move on delivery and should ALWAYS come off the ball
FIRST.

DELIVERY

The ball should start motion directly upwards from the shot pocket.

Your elbow should be positioned comfortably under the ball.

The ball stays in front of you and should not go behind your head.

Uncoil your body with your legs, core, and arm power all coordinated.

Your elbow and wrist should extend in a straight line to the basket.

Your shooting hand should extend in a straight line to the rim.

Hand position on delivery is very important. The ball should come off the hand with perfect
symmetrical backspin.

As shown in the picture to the right, your guide hand stays to the side and does not influence
the flight of the ball.

UPFORCE AND LANDING

Release the ball on the way up, just before the top of your jump.

Use your legs to generate upforce.

You should land in the same spot that you jumped, which shows that you have good balance on
your shot.
FOLLOW-THROUGH

Your wrists should be floppy (relaxed).

Fingers should be pointed at the target (rim).

Finish high. You should see your fingers at the top square of the back board.

Hold your follow through position until the ball hits the rim.

4. Basic Rules and Regulation in Basketball

the rules of basketball can vary slightly depending on the level of play (for example professional
rules differ from college rules) or where the game is played (international rules are different from
USA professional rules). These rule differences, however, are usually just variations on the basic
game of basketball and the majority of the rules discussed below can be applied to most any
game of basketball played.

The winner of a basketball game is the team with the most points. You get points by throwing
the basketball through the opponent's hoop or basket. In regular play a basket made from within
the three point line is worth 2 points and a basket shot from outside the three point line is worth
three points. When shooting a free throw, each free throw is worth 1 point.

Rules for the offense

The basketball team on offense is the team with the basketball. When a player has the basketball
there are certain rules they must follow:

1) The player must bounce, or dribble, the ball with one hand while moving both feet. If, at any
time, both hands touch the ball or the player stops dribbling, the player must only move one foot.
The foot that is stationary is called the pivot foot.

2) The basketball player can only take one turn at dribbling. In other words, once a player has
stopped dribbling they cannot start another dribble. A player who starts dribbling again is called
for a double-dribbling violation and looses the basketball to the other team. A player can only
start another dribble after another player from either team touches or gains control of the
basketball. This is usually after a shot or pass.

3) The ball must stay in bounds. If the offensive team looses the ball out of bounds the other
team gets control of the basketball.

4) The players hand must be on top of the ball while dribbling. If they touch the bottom of the
basketball while dribbling and continue to dribble this is called carrying the ball and the player
will lose the ball to the other team.

5) Once the offensive team crosses half court, they may not go back into the backcourt. This is
called a backcourt violation. If the defensive team knocks the ball into the backcourt, then the
offensive team can recover the ball legally.

Defensive Rules

The team on defense is the team without the basketball.

1) The main rule for the defensive player is not to foul. A foul is described as gaining an unfair
advantage through physical contact. There is some interpretation that has to be made by the
referee, but, in general, the defensive player may not touch the offensive player in a way that
causes the offensive player to lose the ball or miss a shot.

Rules for everyone

1) Although the foul rule is described above as a defensive rule, it applies exactly the same to all
players on the court including offensive players.

2) Basketball players cannot kick the ball or hit it with their fist.

3) No player can touch the basketball while it is traveling downward towards the basket or if it is
on the rim. This is called goaltending. (touching the ball on the rim is legal in some games).

Every player on the court is subject to the same rules regardless of the position they play. The
positions in basketball are just for team basketball strategy and there are no positions in the
rules.