Physical

education project
2012- 2013

Delhi public
school, Navi
Mumbai
PROJECT COORDINATOR- MR.
YASHWANT MOKASHI
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special
thanks of gratitude to my teacher
yashwant sir as well as our
principal who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful
project. Which also helped me in
doing a lot of Research and I came
to know about so many new things
I am really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank
my parents and friends who helped me
a lot in finishing this project
within the limited time.
 HISTORY AND
ORIGIN
James Naismith was the Canadian physical
education instructor who invented
basketball in 1891. James Naismith was
born in Almont, Ontario and educated at
McGill University and Presbyterian College
in Montreal.
In contrast to other sports, basketball
has a clear origin. It is not the
evolution from an ancient game or another
sport and the inventor is well known: Dr.
James Naismith. In 1891, while working as
a physical education teacher at the YMCA
International Training School (today,
Springfield College) in the United States,
Naismith was faced with the problem of
finding in 14 days an indoor game to
provide "athletic distraction" for the
students at the School for Christian
Workers (Naismith was also a Presbyterian
minister).
After discarding
the idea of
adapting outdoor
games like soccer
and lacrosse,
Naismith recalled the concept of a game of
his school days known as duck-on-a-rock
that involved accuracy attempting to knock
a "duck" off the top of a large rock by
tossing another rock at it.
Of course it was not exactly as we know it
today. The first game was played with a
soccer ball and two peach baskets nailed
10-feet high used as goals, on a court just
half the size of a present-day court. The
baskets retained their bottoms so balls
scored into the basket had to be poked out
with a long dowel each time and dribbling
(bouncing of the ball up and down while
moving) was not part of the original game.
The sport was an instant success and
thanks to the initial impulse received by
the YMCA movement, basketball's popularity
quickly grew nationwide and was introduced
in many nations. He had the honor to
witness basketball become an Olympic sport
at the 1936 Games held in Berlin.
 The first
basketball team.

ORIGINAL 13
RULES OF
BASKETBALL
1. The ball may be thrown in any
direction with one or both hands.
2. The ball may be batted in any
direction with one or both hands, but
never with the fist.
3. A player cannot run with the ball.
The player must throw it from the spot
on which he catches it, allowance to be
made for a man running at good speed.
4. The ball must be held in or between
the hands. The arms or body must not
be used for holding it.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing,
striking or tripping in any way of an
opponent. The first infringement of
this rule by any person shall count as
a foul; the second shall disqualify
him until the next goal is made or, if
there was evident intent to injure the
person, for the whole of the game. No
substitution shall be allowed.
6. A foul is striking at the ball
with the fist, violations of Rules 3
and 4 and such as described in Rule 5.
7. If either side make three
consecutive fouls it shall count as a
goal for the opponents (consecutive
means without the opponents in the
meantime making a foul).
8. Goal shall be made when the ball is
thrown or batted from the ground into
the basket and stays there, providing
those defending the goal do not touch
or disturb the goal. If the ball rests
on the edge and the opponents move the
basket, it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it
shall be thrown into the field and
played by the first person touching it.
In case of dispute the umpire shall
 throw it straight into the field. The
thrower-in is allowed five seconds.
If he holds it longer, it shall go to
the opponent. If any side persists in
delaying the game, the umpire shall
call a foul on them.
10. The umpire shall be judge of the men
and shall note the fouls and notify the
referee when three consecutive fouls
have been made. He shall have the power
to disqualify men according to Rule 5.
11. The referee shall be the judge of
the ball and decide when it is in play
in bounds, to which side it belongs,
and shall keep the time. He shall
decide when a goal has been made and
keep account of the goals with any
other duties that are usually
performed by a referee.
12. The time shall be two 15-minute
halves with five minutes' rest between.
13. The side making the most goals
in that time shall be declared the
winners.

DIMENSIONS AND
REQUIREMENTS
Dimensions of the court
 Distance of
the pole from the court.

Dimensions of the board

 FUNDAMENTAL
SKILLS
The sport of basketball requires five basic
skills. While some players might be more
experienced with some skills than others, it
is best to have at least some ability in all
five areas. Basketball is a fast-paced game
that requires the knowledge and instinct to
perform quickly and properly. Be sure to
practice all five skills.

Dribbling
Dribbling is an important skill for all
basketball players. This skill will allow
you to move up and down the court,
maneuver past defenders and execute plays.
Proper dribbling requires ball-handling
skills and knowledge of how to spread your
fingers for ball control. Different types
of dribbles are:-

High Dribble Low

Dribble Speed Dribble
Change-Of-Pace Dribble
Crossover 'Switch'.
Shooting
In order to score points in basketball,
you need to shoot the ball into the hoop.
This requires the ability to properly hold
and throw the ball into the air toward the
basket while avoiding defenders. A proper
shot requires precise aiming, arm
extension and lift from the legs.
Different types of shots are :-
Jump Shot
Layup
Hook Shot
Dunk
Free Throw
Running
Running is a big part of basketball. In a
full-court game, you will find yourself
running back and forth as the game quickly
transitions between offense and defense.
When you have the ball, running will help
you to avoid defenders and get to the
basket quicker. On defense, you often will
find yourself needing to run after the
opponent, especially during fast breaks.

Passing
Passing is another skill that when mastered
can help you become a complete basketball
player. Basketball is a team sport that
involves finding a teammate who is open for
a shot. The ability to pass the ball to
this player can make the difference between
scoring and not scoring. Types of passes :-
Chest passes
2. Bounce Pass
3. Overhead Pass
4. Outlet Pass
5. No-Look Pass
6. behind the Back Pass
Jumping
Jumping is another skill that can define how
good a basketball player is. Jumping is
involved in offense during the jump ball in
the beginning, while taking shots and
sometimes while trying to catch a pass. On
defensive you will need the ability to jump
when trying to block a shot or a pass. Being
able to out jump your opponent for a rebound
also is important.
 RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Measurements and time limits discussed in
this section often vary among tournaments
and organizations; international and NBA
rules are used in this section.
The object of the game is to outscore one's
opponents by throwing the ball through the
opponents' basket from above while
preventing the opponents from doing so on
their own. An attempt to score in this way
is called a shot. A successful shot is
worth two points, or three points if it is
taken from beyond the three-point arc which
is 6.25 meters (20 ft 6 in) from the basket
in international games and 23 feet 9 inches
(7.24 m) in NBA games
Playing regulations
Games are played in four quarters of
10 College games use two 20-minute
halves, while United States high school
varsity games use 8 minute quarters. 15
minutes are allowed for a half-time break
under FIBA, NBA, and NCAA rulesand 10
minutes in United States high schools.
Overtime periods are five minutes in
length except for high school which is
four minutes in length. Teams exchange
baskets for the second half. The time
allowed is actual playing time; the clock
is stopped while the play is not active.
Five players from each team may be on the
court at one time. Substitutions are
unlimited but can only be done when play
is stopped. Teams also have a coach, who
oversees the development and strategies of
the team, and other team personnel such as
assistant coaches, managers,
statisticians, doctors and trainers.
For both men's and women's teams, a
standard uniform consists of a pair of
shorts and a jersey with a clearly visible
number, unique within the team, printed on
both the front and back. Players wear high-
top sneakers that provide extra ankle
support. Typically, team names, players'
names and, outside of North America,
sponsors are printed on the uniforms.
A limited number of time-outs, clock
stoppages requested by a coach are
allowed.They generally last no longer than
one minute unless, for televised games, a
commercial break is needed.
The game is controlled by
the officials consisting of the referee
(referred to as crew chief in the NBA), one
or two umpires (referred to as referees in
the NBA) and the table officials. For
college, the NBA, and many high schools,
there are a total of three referees on the
court. The table officials are responsible
for keeping track of each teams scoring,
timekeeping, individual and team fouls,
player substitutions, team possession
arrow, and the shot clock.

COMMON
SPORTS
INJURIES
Basketball is one of the most popular
sports in the United States and throughout
the world. Basketball injuries can be
separated into two general categories:
overuse injuries and traumatic injuries.
Overuse injuries
Injuries caused by stressing an
area over and over until it is
damaged and begins to hurt are
described as overuse injuries.
One such injury is patellar
tendinitis, or "jumper's knee," which
is characterized by pain in the tendon
just below the kneecap.
Achilles tendinitis is another common
overuse injury in basketball players. This
injury of the tendon connecting the
muscles in the back of the calf to the
heel bone causes pain in the back of the
leg just above the heel.
Traumatic injuries
Traumatic injuries are those caused by a
sudden forceful injury. Some of the more
common traumatic injuries in basketball are
jammed fingers. The severity of a jammed
finger can range from a minor injury of the
ligaments, which connect bones, to a broken
finger. Splinting may be needed to allow the
injured finger to heal.

Another type of traumatic injury is a

muscle pull or tear.
Ankle sprains
The most common basketball
injury is the ankle sprain.
This injury often occurs
when a player lands on
another player's foot or the
ankle rolls too far outward.
When this happens, the
ligaments connecting bones
and supporting the ankle are stretched and
tornKnee injuries
Knee injuries are some of the most serious
basketball injuries. One type of knee
injury is a sprain. A knee sprain is a
small tear in the ligaments or joint
capsule that is not severe enough to cause
your knee to give way.
To help the tear heal, you must protect
your knee for a short time
by immobilizing it. If you
twist your knee, you can
tear a meniscus, which is
tissue that acts as a
cushion between the bones
of the upper and lower leg
at the knee. The surgeon
inserts a camera and instruments into the
knee joint through small skin incisions.

ARJUNA AWARD
The Arjuna Awards were instituted in 1961
by the government of India to recognize
outstanding achievement in National
sports. The award carries a cash prize of
500,000, a bronze statuette of Arjuna and
a scroll.
Over the years the scope of the award has
been expanded and a large number of
sportspersons who belonged to the pre-
Arjun Award era were also included in the
list. Further, the number of disciplines
for which the award is given was increased
to include indigenous games and the
physically handicapped category.
 ARJUNA AWARD
WINNERS FOR
BASKETBALL
Khushi ram
Khushi Ram is a former basketball player
from India who represented India at many
international competitions. He was awarded
Arjuna award in 1967. He was born in
Rajasthan state in 1936.Khushi ram has a
reputation of being amongst the best
players of Asia .He was the first captain
of Indian Basketball team. After retiring
in 1976, he took over as coach of shri ram
rayons team in Kota.

Surendra Kumar Kataria

Surendra Kumar Kataria is a
former basketball player from India who
represented India at many international
competitions. He was awarded Arjuna
award in 1973. He was born
inRajasthan state and represented Indian
Railways in national tournaments. It should
also be mentioned here that he was a sharp-
shooter in the true sense of the word, and
Indian basketball has not seen such a
shooter in all its history.

Hanuman Singh
Hanuman Singh is a noted former basketball
player from India. He played for India
in Asian Games, Commonwealth Games and at
1980 Olympics.[1] He was awarded Arjuna
Award in 1975. Born in 1950 in Nagaur
district of Rajasthan state.He sudied
at Military School,Ajmer . He represented
Indian railways in national tournaments
.He is now employed with SAIL.

Radhey Shyam Bijarnia

Radhey Shyam Bijarnia was
an Indian basketball player who represented
India at the 1980 Summer Olympics and the
1982 Asian Games in Delhi. He was a
recipient of the Arjuna Award for his
achievements. He died in 2005 at the age of
54 at his native village Sri Madhopur in
Rajasthan.