SCANIA DC12 01 Euro 3 Engine: Emission Measurements For VTI and COST 346

VTI notat 52A-2005 www.vti.
se/publications
Published 2005
SCANIA DC12 01 Euro 3 engine

Emission measurements for VTI and COST 346
Anders Hedbom
Ulf Hammarström (Editor)
Preface
VTI has on commission of VINNOVA and the Swedish Road Administration
(SRA) participated in COST 346: ”Emissions and fuel consumption from heavy
duty vehicles”. In this commission VTI has engaged AVL MTC Motortestcenter
AB. The research efforts at AVL MTC have been executed by Anders Hedbom.
This report, VTI notat 52A-2005, constitutes a documentation of exhaust emission
measurements for one engine, SCANIA DC12 01 Euro 3. In the COST 346
project AVL MTC has performed exhaust emission measurements on three
engines in total.
Project leader at VTI has been Ulf Hammarström. Contact persons: Carl
Naumburg at VINNOVA and Håkan Johansson at SRA. Gunilla Sjöberg, VTI,
has performed the final revision of this document.
Linköping, December 2005
Ulf Hammarström
VTI notat 52A-2005

VTI notat 52A-2005
Contents Page
1 Engine 1
2 Facilities 7
3 Program 17
4 Results 21
5 Comparison MTC – TUG 39
VTI notat 52A-2005

VTI notat 52A-2005
1 Engine and measuring arrangements
VTI notat 52A-2005 1

2 VTI notat 52A-2005
SCANIA DC12 ENGINE
• 6 INLINE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE
• TURBO, AIR/AIR INTERCOOLER
• ELECTRONIC UNIT INJECTORS
• 4 VALVES PER CYLINDER
• 6 CYLINDER HEADS
• SWEPT VOLUME 11.7 LITRES
Environmental class Euro 3
Injection system Electronic unit injectors
Compression ratio 18:1
Max. power 420 hp (309 kW) at 1,900 r/min
Max. torque 2,000 Nm at 1,100-1,300 r/min
Min. specific fuel consumption 191 g/kWh
Recommended engine speed 1,200-1,500 r/min
Exhaust brake power 230 kW at 2,300 r/min
Environmental class Euro 2

Injection system Electronic unit injectors
Compression ratio 18:1
Max. power 420 hp at 1,700-1,800 r/min
Max. torque 1,950 Nm at 1,050-1,450 r/min
Min. specific fuel consumption 187 g/kWh
Recommended engine speed 1,200-1,550 r/min
Exhaust brake power 230 kW at 2,300 r/min
Figure 1
SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE
Figure 2

Figure 3
Figure 4

Figure 5

2 Facilities

Blower Unit
Heated sample line
Sample line
Wire
TRANSIENT HEAVY DUTY
ENGINE TEST BED
Upper Floor
Dilution Air On Line

Dilution Air Bag
Diluted Sample Bag
Unregulated Emissions Sampling
Dilution
Air System
Flow Controller
CVS
Control Unit Insulated 5” exhaust pipe
NOx / CO Diluted
HORIBA HORIBA
MEXA-9400D MEXA-9400D AVL 439
HC Diluted
ELPI PSS V&F MS
Infrared Analyzer Infrared Analyzer
RS 330
AVL 670 Indimaster Line Selector Backpressure
Flame Ionization Flame Ionization Valve
Analyzer Analyzer Line 1
NO Direct
Engine Exhaust
Chemiluminescent Chemiluminescent Line 2
Analyzer Analyzer NO x / CO Direct
HC Direct
Magnetopneumatic - HORIBA HORIBA HORIBA HORIBA
detection AVL 415
Pump dehumid Pump dehumid FlameIonization FlameIonization

NOx /CO/CO2 Analyzer Analyzer
NOx /CO/CO2
Muffler Mass Flow Combustion
O2
Direct Diluted HC Diluted HC Direct Air
Diluted Direct Sensyflow
AVL AVL Torque shaft

Transputer Transputer ELIN
Fuel Mass Fuel
Conditioning Flow
AVL PUMA
Engine Test System
PUMA 5
ISAC 200
SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE Figure 6
Figure 7

Figure 8
Figure 9

Figure 10
Figure 11

Figure 12
Figure 13

Figure 14
Figure 15 (Intercooler)

Figure 16
Figure 17

Figure 18

3 Program

MEASUREMENT PROGRAM
ARTEMIS PROGRAM MTC PROGRAM
FULLOAD PERFORMANCE FULLOAD PERFORMANCE

STEADY STATE CYCLES STEADY STATE CYCLES
► ECE R49 ► ECE
ECE R49
R49
► ESC ► ESC
► ARTEMIS SS 29 POINTS ► ARTEMIS SS 29 POINTS + 5
► ARTEMIS SS 15 POINTS ► ARTEMIS SS 15 POINTS + 2
TRANSIENT CYCLES TRANSIENT CYCLES
► ETC ► ETC
► ELR ► ELR
ELR
► TNO-
TNO-REAL WORLD CYCLE
TNO-REAL ► TNO-
TNO-REAL WORLD CYCLE (12.5 kW/ton)
TNO-REAL
► TUG-
TUG-REAL WORLD CYCLE
TUG-REAL ► TUG
TUG-REAL
TUG-REAL
TUG-REAL WORLD
WORLD CYCLE
CYCLE
ALLALL CYCLES
CYCLES RUN TWICE
REPEATED 3 TIMES
PROGRAM PERFORMED
PROGRAM PERFORMED WITH WITH
2 2
DIFFERENT
DIFFERENT DIESEL
DIESEL FUELS
FUELS
Figure 19
FUEL KEY PARAMETERS

RESULT
ANALYSIS UNIT
TUG EC1
Cetan Number - 53,0 52,5
Cetan Index - 56,3 52,9
Density @ 15°C kg/m³ 836,5 814,7
Viscosity @ 40°C cSt 3,259 1,972
Calorific Value MJ/kg 42,92 43,17
CFPP °C -17 < -35
Flash Point °C 90 72
Aromatics total %vol 17,2 4,3
Monoaromatics %vol 15,7 4
Diaromatics %vol 1,4 0,3
Polyaromatics, tri and higher %vol 0,11 < 0,02
Sulphur content mg/kg 245 3
Distillation
IBP °C 207,9 189,4
50 % recovered @ °C 276,4 235,0
90 % recovered @ °C 328,6 270,0
95 % recovered @ °C 346,8 282,1
FBP °C 357,3 294,2
HFRR µm 335 370
Figure 20 (All test with TUG fuel are singel tests and with EC1, double tests.)

4 Results

FULLOAD PERFORMANCE
TUG AND EC1 FUEL
2200 440
2064 Nm max
TUG FUEL
2000 400
EC1 FUEL
1800 1951 Nm max 360
317,2 kW max
1600 320
torque, Nm ; NOx rate, g/h
power, kW; mg/st ; FSU

1400 280
299,8 kW max
1200 240
1000 200
800 160
torque, Nm
600 NOx rate, g/h 120
power, kW
400 mg/st 80
FSU x100
200 40
0 0
500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500
engine speed, rpm
Based on measurements 5728Q008+5728Q003
Figure 21 (mg/st: milligram fuel per engine stroke)
FULLOAD PERFORMANCE
TUG AND EC1 FUEL
2200 440
TUG FUEL
2000 400
EC1 FUEL
1800 360
1600 320
torque, Nm; NOx rate, g/h
power, kW; mg/st; FSU
1400 280
1200 240
1000 200
800 160
torque, Nm
600 NOx rate, g/h 120
power, kW
400 mg/st 80
FSU x100
200 40
0 0
500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500
engine speed, rpm
Based on measurements 5728Q008+5728Q003
Figure 22 Measurements have been performed with two fuel qualities, EC1 and TUG fuel.
(Mg/st: milligram fuel per engine stroke. FSU = Filter Smoke Units (smoke density).)

FULLOAD PERFORMANCE
TUG FUEL
2200 440
SCANIA HOMOLOGATION:
2000 400
nlo = 900 rpm A = 1250 rpm
1800 nhi = 2300 rpm B = 1600 rpm 360
C = 1950 rpm
1600 320
nlo = 50% * Pmax nhi = 70% * Pmax
1400 909 rpm 2275 rpm 280
torque, Nm
power, kW
1200 240
1000 CONTROL 200

AREA
800 ESC CYCLE 160
600 120
400 80
200 40
A B C
0 0
500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500
Based on measurements 5728Q008

engine speed, rpm
Figure 23
FULLOAD PERFORMANCE
TUG FUEL
2200 440
SCANIA HOMOLOGATION:
2000 400
nlo = 900 rpm A = 1250 rpm ETC POINT DISTRIBUTION
1800 nhi = 2300 rpm B = 1600 rpm 360
C = 1950 rpm
1600 320
nlo = 50% * Pmax nhi = 70% * Pmax
1400 909 rpm 2275 rpm 280
torque, Nm
power, kW
1200 240
1000 200
800 160
600 120
400 80
200 40
0 0
A B C
500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500
engine speed, rpm nref = 2230 rpm
Based on measurements 5728Q008+5728R039
Figure 24 Measured ETC points and the ESC control area.

STEADY STATE CYCLE MEASUREMENT POINTS
BASE CASE ENGINE MAN D2866 LF20
350
fulload performance, MAN D2866 LF20, kW
ARTEMIS 29 POINTS
ESC CYCLE
300 ECE R49
fulload performance, SCANIA DC12 01, kW
250
200
power, kW
150
100
50
-50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
norm. engine speed, %
Figure 25 The full load performance curve for SCANIA DC1201 compared to MAN
D2866 LF20. (This MAN engine has been of importance for definition of the ARTEMIS
measuring points.)
STEADY STATE CYCLE MEASUREMENT POINTS

SCANIA DC12 01
350
fulload performance, SCANIA DC12 01, kW
ARTEMIS 29 POINTS
ESC CYCLE
300 ECE R49
250
200
power, kW
150
100
50
-50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
norm. engine speed, %
Figure 26 ECE R49 measurements at rated engine speed were excluded for this
engine since they were close to both ESC and ARTEMIS points.

Tes t id 5728A007.AAD
Dat e 2 002-0 3-12 S CANIA DC1201 Test date 20-DEC-01
Time 08:5 8:04 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om HC g/h E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
2700
Series in PC-TRR Files
5728Q004.AAD
2400 5728A007.AAD
5728B005.AAD
5728S131.AAD
2100
21 28 33 4937 41
44
21 28 39 40
5156 59
1800 14 36 58 63
60
69 65 74
11 60
78
1500
22 23 35 747782
85
TORQUE [Nm]
7 56 76
59
8
8
12
1200 94
13 39
7571
12 53 82
12 21 22 29
900 17 25 45
39
58
67
600 18
20
35
22 19 26 47
41
6360
300 13 69 71
17 23 28 30 42 45 51
3637 64 69
8 51 52
2 16 60
52
0 81 12 48
56
60 40 44
8
10
4
56 36 32
3 12 28
8 5 58 24 16 12
4 20 7 8 4
7
-300
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
SPEED[RPM]
Map calculations bas ed on Artem is SS29+5 (A-file), Artem is SS15+2 (B-file), full load (Q-file) and ESC (S-file) m eas urem ents .
Figure 27
Time 08:5 8:12 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om HC g/h E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
100
90
80
70
60
G_HC [g/h]
50
40
30
20
10
0 20 00
18 00 18 00
15 00 16 00
12 00 14 00
90 0 12 00
60 0 10 00
30 0 80 0 ]
TO RQ UE 60 0
0 D [R PM
[Nm ] S PE E
Figure 28

Dat e 2 002-0 3-12 SC AN IA DC 1201 Test date 20-DEC-01
Time 08:5 8:22 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om H C g/kWh EC 1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
2700
5728Q004.AAD
2400 5728A007.AAD
5728B005.AAD
5728S131.AAD
2100
0,1 0,1 0,10,20,1 0,2
0,1 0,1 0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2 0,2
1800 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2
0,2
0,2 0,2 0,2
0,1 0,2
0,3
1500
0,1 0,1 0,2 0,20,30,3
0,3
TORQUE [Nm]
0,1 0,3 0,3

0,3
1
1200 0
0.
0,1
0
0,1 0,2
0,30,3
0,3 0,4
0,2 0.2 0,2 0,2 0,2
900 0,2 0,2 0,3
0,3
0.3 0,4
0,5
600 0. 4 0,4
0,4
0,5
0. 5
0,4 0,3 0,4

0.8 0,5
0.9 0,90,8
300 0.6 0,5 0,9 1,0 1
1. 2
19
1.1 0.7
0.
1. 0,8 1,0 1,1
1.6 3 . 8.9 1. 6
1.51.7
1,4
1,5 1,5 1,6 2,4
1.7 00,90 1,7
1.8 1. 7 1,7 1.4
1. 5
0
-0,2 -0,2 -4,0
-0,2 -0,2
-300
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
SPEED[RPM]
Figure 29
Time 08:5 8:31 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om H C g/kWh EC 1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
SP_HC [ g/kWh]
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0 60 0
80 0
30 0 10 00
60 0 12 00
90 0 14 00
TO R 1 2 00 16 00
Q UE 15 00 18 00 PM ]
[Nm
] 18 00 20 00 E D [R
S PE
Figure 30

Time 08:5 7:27 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om CO g/h EC 1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
2700
5728Q004.AAD
2400 5728A007.AAD
5728B005.AAD
5728S131.AAD
2100
256 215 2106567 60
274 249 59
25 0 67
6667 79
1800 376 81 80 84
80
90 90 101
358 78
350
2500 110
500
1500 0 20184 116
65
30
550 114
45 117
0
45 50 97
TORQUE [Nm]
441 30 0 0 10
35 500
74 111
2500
40 0 74 0
90 0
0
4500 40 0 10
14
1200
11500
11150 11346
15003
95
3 01131 0
12
0 2 0 0 850
11
62
0
0
10 00110 5 080 0 110111
50
40
35
700 75 112
271 450 65 0
5 00 55 0 600 225 471 64 87
900 30 0 3 43940 0 213 50 65 79
50
20 0 25 0 94
129
0 0
0
600 48
15 10
20
83
45 52 82 109
104
163157
0
300 20 10076
143
10
37 45 85 109 81 84
25 80 77 137
25
0 11 10 0
12 50
1 1 59
2 3
-300
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
SPEED[RPM]
Figure 31
Time 08:5 7:35 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om C O g/h E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
1000
900
800
700
600
G_CO [g/h]
500
400
300
200
100
0
18 00
15 00
TO 12 00
RQ 90 0
UE
[N 60 0
m 30 0 18 20
] 16 00
0 14 00 0 0
10 12 00
80 00 0 0
60 0
0
]
SPEED [R PM
Figure 32

Time 08:5 7:46 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om C O g/kWh E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
2700
5728Q004.AAD
2400 5728A007.AAD
5728B005.AAD
5728S131.AAD
2100
1,21 0,93 0,87 0,26 0,23
0,25
1,32 1,08 0,21
0,26
0,24
0,23 0,27
1800 2,20 0,34 0,27 0,28
0,27
0,32 0,30
0,34
2,46 0,29
0,37
1500 0,40
1,18 3,16
3 0,34 0,38
0,40
3. 5
4 0,35
TORQUE [Nm]
1.5
4,14 0,33
1. 5
23.2512.5 2. 5 0,33 0,42
0,
9.2 .5
1
10
11
1200 13
13
13,99
4 .5 9
5
111,68 5 0,36
10 .5 11 85 0,510,50
3
0.5
8.
7. 0,51
4,79 7 2,17 4,06 0,500. 0,49
5
900 5.5 6 6. 5 5
3.
5 6,03 2,05 0,46 0,53
4 .5
4 0,62
0,89
600 0,99 1 1
0,97
1
0,87 0,89 1,29 1,22

1,411.5
2,242,14
300 0,82 1,92 1,04
3. 5
3. 5 1,77 1,99 3 3,17 3,85 2,70 2,59 4,74
2,63 3,02 2,52 3.
2,59 1.5 5 4 4.5
0 4 1 3
2 2 2.5
3 2. 5 0.5 -0,07 0 -4,06
-0,05
0
-0,07 0 -0,05
-300
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
SPEED[RPM]
Figure 33
Time 08:5 7:54 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om C O g/kWh E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
10
7
SP_CO [g/kWh]
1
0
0 60 0
80 0
30 0 10 0
60 0 12 0 0
90 0 14 0 0
TOR 12 00 16 0 0
Q UE 15 00 18 00 0
PM ]
[Nm
] 18 00 20 0 E D [R
0 S PE
Figure 34

Dat e 2 002-0 3-12 S CANIA D C1201 Test date 20-DEC-01
Time 08:5 9:15 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om PM g/h E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
2700
PM meas ured b y TEOM instru ment. Series in PC-TRR Files
5728Q004.AAD
2400 5728A007.AAD
5728B005.AAD
5728S131.AAD
2100
18,0 7,06,9 5,9
18,3 19,8
17,6 21,3 5,7
20 5,4
6 6,9
8,0 9,3
1800 30,3 8,5 9,1 9,5
30 8 7,3
8 10,0 12,7
12,7
26,0 9,0
14,9
44
46 6
1500
54
26 22 52 57,5 7,2 13,8 16,0
38 2020,0 14,4
84
500
24 4248 13,0
2220
TORQUE [Nm]
28
38
16
38,1 32
26
4
30
14
7,4
18
14
228 6,9 17,4
4 36
34 15
1200 122,0 8
115,5 36 3 6 16
10,3
10,915,9
4484
12
46 10 11,6
56 46 48
4238
43
0 50 50,2 10,8 12,6
4,1 2 2 8342 52 54 30,6 48
900 12602 6302 344 42,6 27,1 40 8
8,3 8,8
2 4 36
184 2 8
4
10,4
10
12 14 11,1
0 2
600 4,3
9,4 10
4,3 6,1 4,3 10,5
6
5,8
6
8,410,8
300 8 0,4 10,1 4,9
8
0,8 -0,9 1,5 2,0
0,4 0 1,7
1,9
2,1
2,6 7,6 8
0,7
0 0,1
4
0,6
2
-0,6 -0,5 1,6
6
1,6 -0,4
-300
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
SPEED[rpm]
Figure 35
Time 08:5 9:24 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om PM g/h E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
PM measu red b y TEOM instru ment.
72
64
56
48
G_TEOM [g/h]
40
32
24
16
8
0
-8
18 00
15 00
12 00
TO
RQ
90 0
UE
60 0
[N
m]
30 0
20
0
18
16
00
14
00
12
00
10
00
80
0
60
00
0
0
0
SPE ED [R PM]
Figure 36

Time 08:5 9:32 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om P M g/kW h EC 1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
2700
PM meas ured b y TEOM instru ment. Series in PC-TRR Files
5728Q004.AAD
2400 5728A007.AAD
5728B005.AAD
5728S131.AAD
2100
0,09 0,08 0,08 0,03 0,02
0,03
0,09 0,09 0,02
0,02
0,02
0,03 0,03
1800 0,18 0,04 0,03 0,03
0,02
0,04 0,04
0,04
0,18 0,03
15 0,05
0.
0.3
1500 0,05
5 0,13 0,33 0,04 0,05
0,05
0 .3 0,05
TORQUE [Nm]
0,36 . 205 0,03 0.

0,07
0. 1 0. 8
0. 0.20.15 0,03 05
0.3
1.05
1200 11. 1.1,27

9 5 0,
. 125 1
1.31,19 0.0
1.25 0.8
0. 3 0,06
0,050,07 . 05
5
15 5
0.9 5
0.7 0,050
0,07 0. 40.04. 50. 50.60.650.7 0,29 0,43 0,08 0,07
0.
5 5
4
900 0,59 0,26 0,06
0,06
0.
0. 50.05
03
1
25
0. 0..2 0.35 0,07

1 0,08
600 0,09
0 0,11
0,08 0,11 0,07 0,12
0,08
0,120,15
300 0,01 0,14 0,07
0,04 -0,04 0,06 0,07 0,06 0,08
0,04 0,06 0,07 0,26
0,07 0.2
5
0 0.2 0.15
0. 1
0,04 0,02 -0,11 0.05
0 -0,05 0,01 0
-300
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
SPEED[RPM]
Figure 37
Time 08:5 9:42 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om P M g/kW h EC 1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
PM measu red b y TEOM instru ment.
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
SP_TEOM [g/kWh]
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
60 0
0 80 0
30 0 10 0
60 0 12 0 0
90 0 0
14 0
TOR 12 00 16 0
0
QU 15 00 0 ]
E [N 18 0 [R PM
m] 18 00 20 0
0 ED
0 S PE
Figure 38

Time 08:5 6:44 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om NO x g/h E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
2700
5728Q004.AAD
2400 5728A007.AAD
5728B005.AAD
5728S131.AAD
2100
1156 1284 1370
131712821308
1135 131296 1256
00 1307 13 00
1270
1254 1262
1800 866 1227 1280 1231
1293
1218 1210
1169
679 1199
12 0 12 1210
1500 0 00
998 914 1160
764 111246
1156
00 10 11556
TORQUE [Nm]
449 886 50
00 1049
905 0
1200 381 14
90 13 14
384 723 0 00 00
827
40 0
780 80 12
664 815 0 0
628 523 726 541
900 348 523
0
558 547 70
60
50 0 0
513
446
40
600 50 0 358
0
60
314
0
417 451 246 280
30 0
243
197206
300 335 210 506
248 214 180 181
233 180
280
279
274 14220 0
240
0 91
92 10
-0 59 0
0 -0
0 -0 0
-300
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
SPEED[RPM]
Figure 39
Time 08:5 6:55 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om NO x g/h E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
G_NOX [g/h]
1000
800
600
400
200
0
20 00
18 00
18 00 16 00
15 00 14 00
12 00 12 00
90 0 10 00
60 0 80 0
30 0 ]
TO RQ
UE [Nm 0 60 0 D [R PM
] S PE E
Figure 40

Time 08:5 7:07 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om NO x g/kW h E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
2700
5728Q004.AAD
2400 5728A007.AAD
5728B005.AAD
5728S131.AAD
2100
5,5 5,6 5,75,15,0 5,0
5,5 5,6 4,6
5,1
5.5 4,5
4. 5 4,4 4,3
1800 5,1 5,2 4,3 4,2
4,3
4,3 4,0 3,9
4,7 4,4
4 4,0
1500
4,9 5,7 4,8 4,13,94,0
5,7
TORQUE [Nm]
5. 5
4,2 4,0
5.
4,0 4,0
3.5
5
1200 4,0 5 5
5.
4
4,0 4,2
5
3,63,7
4.
3,7 3,7
5
11,1 5,0 6,3 4,2
900 4.4,8
5 5,0 3,7
5
3,9
6
3,4 3
3,1
600 7,4 3. 5
18 1 3,7
.5 817 1 4 3 3,1
.5 7 1 8,0 7,8 3,9 3 .5
6 1615
.5 3,3 2.5 4. 5
.51514 .5
6562,8
2,7
300 .5 113,8
4 13 .5 13 1 2 .5 12 9 5.5
2,8 6,9
8.5
8
.5
6,8
21.5
11,8 9,3 6,4 7 8.5

11
2 423 .5
224,6 .5 9,4 8,5 4,9
32 .5 11 6,8 9
9,1
22
25,2 .5 7. 5 6 8 6.5 7
10 5.5
.521
0 5 3.5
10 65. 5
0
1 .52 2 .5
2502
9.
5 7 4 43 .5 0,0 1
.
-4,1
9.
0 5 0,0 0.5
00.
191
0 0,0 0 -0,0
-300
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
SPEED[RPM]
Figure 41
Time 08:5 7:17 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om NO x g/kW h E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
18
16
14
12
SP_NOX [g/kWh]
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2 60 0
80 0
0
10 0
30 0 12 0
0
60 0 0
90 0 14 0
0
0
TOR 12 0 16 0
0 M]
0 [R P
Q UE
[Nm 15 0 18 0
0 ED
0
] 18 0 20 0
0 S PE
Figure 42

Time 08:5 8:41 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om FUE L g/m in E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
2700
5728Q004.AAD
2400 5728A007.AAD
5728B005.AAD
5728S131.AAD
2100
0,693 0,742 0,775 0,8300,855
0,850
0,681 0,746 0,837 0,908
0. 7 0,924
0,935
1800 0,765 0,986
0,580 0,980 0,990
0. 6 0,986
5 1,016 1,024
1,020
0,508 0,897
0.6 1,034
1500 1 1,0351,016
0,519 0,626
0,572
0.55 0.95 1,002
0,913
TORQUE [Nm]
0,391 0,736 0 .9 0,915

0,751
0.5 0,8
1200 0,361 0.85
0,360 0,564
0.4
5 0,7560,774 0. 8
0,621 0,779
0,189 0,344 0,424
0,371 0.
900 0,257 0,346 0.4
0,475 0,506
0.35 0,530
0,538
600 0,160 0. 3
0,307
0,174 0,195
0,225 0. 25 0,344
0,280
0. 2 0,3250,327
300 0,089 0,3230,287
0,087 0,095 0,116 0.1 5
0,134 0,146 0,163
0,048 0,115 0,146 0,180
0,051 0.1
0 0,016
0,017 0.05
-0,009 0 0,040
-0,007
-0,008 -0,010
-300
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
SPEED[RPM]
Figure 43
Time 08:5 8:49 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om FUE L g/m in E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
G_FUEL [kg/min]
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
20 00
0 18 0
18 0 0 16 00 0
15 0 14 0
1 2 00 0
90 0 12 00
60 0 10 00
T OR M]
Q UE 30 0 80 0 [R P
[Nm ED
] 0 60 0 S PE
Figure 44

Time 08:5 8:58 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om FUE L g/kW h E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
2700
5728Q004.AAD
2400 5728A007.AAD
5728B005.AAD
5728S131.AAD
2100
197 196195 195
193 192
1981 194 19 5
195
197
95 196
198
1800 195 200
204 197 201
199
214 204206
210 198
21 21 208
1500 0 5 210
200 197 196 20
205
205
200
TORQUE [Nm]
220 199 0
199 20720
20
0
0
1200 225 20
22
5
22 5
223 198
0 208209
10
2211
21 5 21 207
200 199 192 199
900 212 200 19
5 201 205
20 0 20
5 211
20 5 222
600 22201 5 197195
23 0 21 216
0 200 201 213 229
23
22
227
5
5
40
5
268267
25
300 24 220 2236
245
261
29 0
28 528 0 25 5 26 5 2830 28
0 250 2249
50 261 283 0 5
27 24 0 26 0 290 5 0302
293 29
304 5 270 262 287 27 0 27 5
373
322 5 5 22 5 21 0
0 5 255 23 1818
05 19 0 19 5
26 240 0 15 015 5 16 0 16 5 17 0 17 5
2
0 0
1 055
5 30 6500 23222 37 15 -165
29 22
15 14
-300
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
SPEED[RPM]
Figure 45
Time 08:5 9:06 Tes t tim e 15:22:04
And ers Hedb om FUE L g/kW h E C1 fuel Operator: KE.Å/U.S
360
340
320
300
SP_FUEL [g/kWh]
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
0 60 0
30 0 80 0
10 0
60 0 0
12 0
90 0 14 0 0
0
T OR
QU 12 0 16 0 0
0 0 M]
E [N
m 15 0 18 0 [R P
] 18 0
0 0 ED
20 0
0 S PE
Figure 46

SCANIA DC12 01
ETC AND TNO CYCLES TUG AND EC1 DIESEL FUEL
0,7 7
HC PM TEOM CO NOx
ETC RESULTS TNO CYCLE RESULTS
0,6 6
0,5 5
CO AND NOx, g/kWh

HC AND PM, g/kWh
0,4 4
0,3 3
0,2 2
0,1 1
0,0 0
TUG EC1 TUG EC1
R039+R040 R035+R036 TNO (C+D+E) TNO (C+D+E)
AVERAGE OF TWO RUNS
Figure 47 TUG and EC1, fuel qualities, see figure 20. Rnnn: ETC-test number nnn.
SCANIA DC12 01
ETC AND TNO CYCLES TUG AND EC1 DIESEL FUEL
250 1000
avg. power meas.fuel calc.fuel CO2
TNO CYCLE RESULTS 900

ETC RESULTS
200 800
AVG. POWER, kW; FC, g/kWh
700
150 600
CO2, g/kWh
500
100 400
300
50 200
100
0 0
TUG EC1 TUG EC1
R039+R040 R035+R036 TNO (C+D+E) TNO (C+D+E)
AVERAGE OF TWO RUNS
Figure 48 TUG and EC1, fuel qualities, see figure 20. Rnnn: ETC-test number nnn.

SCANIA DC12 01
ETC AND TNO CYCLES CHANGE FROM TUG TO EC1 DIESEL FUEL
90%
HC PM TEOM CO NOx
80%
COMPARISON BASED ON EMISSIONS IN g/kW h
70%
60%
EMISSION INCREASE
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
-10%
-20%
delta % delta %
EC1/TUG ETC EC1/TUG TNO
AVERAGE OF TWO RUNS
Figure 49
SCANIA DC12 01
ETC AND TNO CYCLES CHANGE FROM TUG TO EC1 DIESEL FUEL
4%
avg. power meas.fuel calc.fuel CO2
2%
0%
INCREASE
-2%
-4%
-6%
-8%
COMPARISON BASED ON EMISSIONS AND FC IN g/kW h

-10%
delta % delta %
EC1/TUG ETC EC1/TUG TNO
AVERAGE OF TWO RUNS
Figure 50

SCANIA DC12 01
ETC CYCLE TEOM PARTICULATE MEASUREMENT TRACE
2500 125
TORQUE, Nm
SPEED, rpm
CO, g/h
PM, g/h
2000 100
TORQUE, Nm; SPEED, rpm; CO, g/h
1500 75
PM, g/h
1000 50
500 25
0 0
-500 -25
600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800
seconds
Figure 51
CORRELATION PSS TEOM vs. PSS

TRANSIENT CYCLES
0,35
0,30
y = 0,893x + 0,016
R 2 = 0,985
0,25
TEOM g/kWh
0,20
0,15
0,10
0,05
0,00
0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,35
PSS g/kWh
Figure 52

5 Comparison MTC – TUG

SCANIA DC12 01
ETC AND TNO CYCLES MTC AND TUG RESULTS
0,8 8
HC PM CO NOx
0,7 7
0,6 6
NOx-limit
CO AND NOx, g/kWh

EURO3 / ETC
HC AND PM, g/kWh
0,5 5
0,4 4
0,3 3
0,2 2
PM-limit
EURO3 / ETC
0,1 1
0,0 0
MTC RESULTS TUG RESULTS MTC RESULTS TUG RESULTS
Figure 53
SCANIA DC12 01
ETC AND TNO CYCLES MTC AND TUG RESULTS
250 1000
avg. power meas.fuel CO2
ETC RESULTS TNO CYCLE RESULTS 900
200 800
AVG. POWER, kW; FC, g/kWh
700
150 600
CO2, g/kWh
500
100 400
300
50 200
100
0 0
MTC RESULTS TUG RESULTS MTC RESULTS TUG RESULTS
Figure 54

torque MTC, Nm
speed MTC, rpm SCANIA DC12 01
intake air MTC, kg/h ETC CYCLE TRACES MTC AND TUG MEASUREMENTS
2500
NOx MTC, g/h
torque TUG, Nm
speed TUG, rpm
2000
intake air TUG, kg/h
NOx TUG, g/h
1500
1000
500
TUG FUEL
-500
600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700
seconds
Figure 55 The same engine model has been measured both at MTC and TUG. TUG
fuel has been used in both measurements.
torque MTC, Nm
HC*10 MTC, g/h ETC CYCLE TRACES MTC AND TUG MEASUREMENTS
2500
CO MTC, g/h
torque TUG, Nm
speed TUG, rpm
2000
HC*10 TUG, g/h
CO TUG, g/h
1500
1000
500
TUG FUEL
-500
600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700
seconds
Figure 56 The same engine model has been measured both at MTC and TUG. TUG
fuel has been used in both measurements.

torque MTC, Nm
intake air MTC, kg/h ETC CYCLE TRACES MTC AND TUG MEASUREMENTS
2500
NOx MTC, g/h
torque TUG, Nm
speed TUG, rpm
2000
intake air TUG, kg/h
NOx TUG, g/h
1500
1000
500
EC1 FUEL
-500
600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700
seconds
Figure 57 Compare with figure 56 (TUG fuel).
SCANIA DC12 01
ESC CYCLE MTC AND TUG RESULTS
0,7 7
HC PM CO NOX
0,6 6
NOx-limit
EURO3 / ESC
0,5 5
CO AND NOx, g/kWh
HC AND PM, g/kWh
0,4 4
0,3 3
0,2 2
PM-limit
EURO3 / ESC
0,1 1
0,0 0
MTC RESULTS TUG RESULTS
Figure 58 Measurements at two laboratories with the same engine model and TUG
fuel. Differences between MTC and TUG values are to same extent explained by
figure 60.

SCANIA DC12 01
ESC CYCLE MTC AND TUG RESULTS
400 800
power meas. fuel CO2
350 700
300 600
POWER, kW; FC, g/kWh
250 500
CO2, g/kWh
200 400
150 300
100 200
50 100
0 0
MTC RESULTS TUG RESULTS
Figure 59
FULLOAD PERFORMANCE
TUG AND EC1 FUEL MTC AND TUG MEASUREMENTS
2200 440
TUG FUEL
2000 400
EC1 FUEL
torque MTC, Nm
1800power MTC, kW 360
ESC POINTS MTC, kW
1600power TUG, kW 320
ESC POINTS TUG, kW
1400 280
torque, Nm
power, kW
1200 240
1000 200
800 160
600 120
400 80
200 40
0 0
500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500
Based on measurements 5728Q008+5728Q003 engine speed, rpm
Figure 60 (Measurements with the same engine model at MTC (EC1 and TUG fuel)
and at TUG (TUG fuel).)

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SCANIA DC12 01 Euro 3 Engine: Emission Measurements For VTI and COST 346

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VTI notat 52A-2005 www.vti.

SCANIA DC12 01 Euro 3 engine

Linköping, December 2005

VTI notat 52A-2005

5 Comparison MTC – TUG 39

VTI notat 52A-2005

VTI notat 52A-2005 1

Environmental class Euro 2

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

VTI notat 52A-2005 3

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

4 VTI notat 52A-2005

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

VTI notat 52A-2005 5

VTI notat 52A-2005 7

Dilution Air On Line

MEXA-9400D MEXA-9400D AVL 439

Pump dehumid Pump dehumid FlameIonization FlameIonization

AVL AVL Torque shaft

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE Figure 6

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

VTI notat 52A-2005 9

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

10 VTI notat 52A-2005

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

VTI notat 52A-2005 11

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

12 VTI notat 52A-2005

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

VTI notat 52A-2005 13

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

14 VTI notat 52A-2005

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

VTI notat 52A-2005 15

VTI notat 52A-2005 17

FULLOAD PERFORMANCE FULLOAD PERFORMANCE

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

FUEL KEY PARAMETERS

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

VTI notat 52A-2005 19

VTI notat 52A-2005 21

power, kW; mg/st ; FSU

Figure 21 (mg/st: milligram fuel per engine stroke)

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

power, kW; mg/st; FSU

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

VTI notat 52A-2005 23

1000 CONTROL 200

Based on measurements 5728Q008

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

Figure 24 Measured ETC points and the ESC control area.

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

24 VTI notat 52A-2005

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

STEADY STATE CYCLE MEASUREMENT POINTS

SCANIA DC12 01 EURO3 ENGINE

VTI notat 52A-2005 25