Republika Srbija

Visoka škola primenjenih strukovnih studija

Vranje

Seminarski rad
iz
Automatizacije

Student: Profesor:
Dr Nebojša Dimitrijević
Vranje, ____. god.
 Seminarski rad iz Automatizacije

Logička funkcija:
y = f ( x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = x1 x3 + ( x1 x2 + x1 x2 ) x4

1. Određivanje savršene disjunktivne i savršene konjunktivne normalne forme

logičke funkcije

Savršena disjunktivna normalna forma (SDNF) logičke funkcije

y = f ( x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = x1 x3 + ( x1 x2 + x1 x2 ) x4 = x1 x3 + x1 x2 x4 + x1 x2 x4

ySDNF = x1 x3 + x1 x2 x4 + x1 x2 x4
= x1 ( x2 + x2 ) x3 ( x4 + x4 ) + x1 x2 ( x3 + x3 ) x4 + x1 x2 ( x3 + x3 ) x4
= ( x1 x2 + x1 x2 ) ( x3 x4 + x3 x4 ) + x1 x2 ( x3 + x3 ) x4 + x1 x2 ( x3 + x3 ) x4
= x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4
+ x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4

2. Formiranje kombinacione tablice

Decimalni Logička
Logički nezavisna promenljiva Mintermovi
ekvivalent funkcija
i x1 x2 x3 x4 y = fi si
0 0 0 0 0 f0 = 1 p0 = x1 x2 x3 x4 
1 0 0 0 1 f1 = 1 p1 = x1 x2 x3 x4 
2 0 0 1 0 f2 = 0 p2 = x1 x2 x3 x4
3 0 0 1 1 f3 = 0 p3 = x1 x2 x3 x4
4 0 1 0 0 f4 = 1 p4 = x1 x2 x3 x4 
5 0 1 0 1 f5 = 1 p5 = x1 x2 x3 x4 
6 0 1 1 0 f6 = 0 p6 = x1 x2 x3 x4
7 0 1 1 1 f7 = 1 p7 = x1 x2 x3 x4 
8 1 0 0 0 f8 = 0 p8 = x1 x2 x3 x4
9 1 0 0 1 f9 = 1 p9 = x1 x2 x3 x4 
10 1 0 1 0 f10 = 0 p10 = x1 x2 x3 x4
11 1 0 1 1 f11 = 1 p11 = x1 x2 x3 x4 
12 1 1 0 0 f12 = 0 p12 = x1 x2 x3 x4
13 1 1 0 1 f13 = 0 p13 = x1 x2 x3 x4
14 1 1 1 0 f14 = 0 p14 = x1 x2 x3 x4
15 1 1 1 1 f15 = 0 p15 = x1 x2 x3 x4

f 0 = f1 = f 4 = f5 = f 7 = f9 = f11 = 1

p0 = x1 x2 x3 x4
p1 = x1 x2 x3 x4
p4 = x1 x2 x3 x4
p5 = x1 x2 x3 x4
p7 = x1 x2 x3 x4
p9 = x1 x2 x3 x4
p11 = x1 x2 x3 x4

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 Seminarski rad iz Automatizacije

ySDNF = �pi = p0 + p1 + p4 + p5 + p7 + p9 + p11

fi =1

= x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4
4
ySDNF = �( 0,1, 4,5,7,9,11)

Savršena konjunktivna normalna forma (SKNF) logičke funkcije

Decimalni Logička
Logički nezavisna promenljiva Makstermovi
ekvivalent funkcija
i x1 x2 x3 x4 y = fi si
0 0 0 0 0 f0 = 1 s0 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
1 0 0 0 1 f1 = 1 s1 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
2 0 0 1 0 f2 = 0 s2 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 
3 0 0 1 1 f3 = 0 s3 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 
4 0 1 0 0 f4 = 1 s4 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
5 0 1 0 1 f5 = 1 s5 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
6 0 1 1 0 f6 = 0 s6 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 
7 0 1 1 1 f7 = 1 s7 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
8 1 0 0 0 f8 = 0 s8 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 
9 1 0 0 1 f9 = 1 s9 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
10 1 0 1 0 f10 = 0 s10 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 
11 1 0 1 1 f11 = 1 s11 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
12 1 1 0 0 f12 = 0 s12 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 
13 1 1 0 1 f13 = 0 s13 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 
14 1 1 1 0 f14 = 0 s14 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 
15 1 1 1 1 f15 = 0 s15 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 
f 2 = f 3 = f 6 = f8 = f10 = f12 = f13 = f14 = f15 = 0
s2 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
s3 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
s6 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
s8 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
s10 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
s12 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
s13 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
s14 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
s15 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4

ySKNF = �si = s2 �
s3 �
s6 �
s8 �
s10 �
s12 �
s13 �
s14 �
s15
fi = 0

= ( x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 ) �
( x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 ) �
( x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 )
( x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 ) �
� ( x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 ) �( x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 )
( x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 ) �
� ( x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 ) �( x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 )
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ySKNF = �( 2,3,6,8,10,12,13,14,15 )

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 Seminarski rad iz Automatizacije

3. Određivanje minimalne forme logičke funkcije

Određivanje minimalne forme logičke funkcije algebarskim transformacijama

y = x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4
= x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4 + x1 x2 x3 x4
= x1 x2 x3 ( x4 + x4 ) + x1 x2 x3 ( x4 + x4 ) + x1 x2 x4 ( x3 + x3 ) + x1 x2 x4 ( x3 + x3 )
= x1 x3 ( x2 + x2 ) ( x4 + x4 ) + x1 x2 x4 ( x3 + x3 ) + x1 x2 x4 ( x3 + x3 )
= x1 x3 + x1 x2 x4 + x1 x2 x4

Određivanje minimalne forme logičke funkcije tabelarnom metodom

Decimalni Binarni prikaz Broj

Mintermovi
ekvivalent x1 x2 x3 x4 1
0 x1 x2 x3 x4 0 0 0 0 0
1 x1 x2 x3 x4 0 0 0 1 1
4 x1 x2 x3 x4 0 1 0 0 1
5 x1 x2 x3 x4 0 1 0 1 2
7 x1 x2 x3 x4 0 1 1 1 3
9 x1 x2 x3 x4 1 0 0 1 2
11 x1 x2 x3 x4 1 0 1 1 3

Iteraciona tablica I
Broj Decimalni Binarni prikaz
Sažimanje
simbola 1 ekvivalent x1 x2 x3 x4
0 0 0 0 0 0 +
1 1 0 0 0 1 +
4 0 1 0 0 +
2 5 0 1 0 1 +
9 1 0 0 1 +
3 7 0 1 1 1 +
11 1 0 1 1 +

( 0) x1 x2 x3 x4 0 0 0 0 ( 0) x1 x2 x3 x4 0 0 0 0
( 1) x1 x2 x3 x4 0 0 0 1 ( 4) x1 x2 x3 x4 0 1 0 0
0, 1 x1 x2 x3 0 0 0 –  0, 4 x1 x3 x4 0 – 0 0 

( 1) x1 x2 x3 x4 0 0 0 1 ( 1) x1 x2 x3 x4 0 0 0 1
( 5) x1 x2 x3 x4 0 1 0 1 ( 9) x1 x2 x3 x4 1 0 0 1
1, 5 x1 x3 x4 0 – 0 1  1, 9 x2 x3 x4 – 0 0 1 

( 4) x1 x2 x3 x4 0 1 0 0 ( 4) x1 x2 x3 x4 0 1 0 0
( 5) x1 x2 x3 x4 0 1 0 1 ( 9) x1 x2 x3 x4 1 0 0 1
4, 5 x1 x2 x3 0 1 0 –  4, 9 ⁄ – – 0 – 

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 Seminarski rad iz Automatizacije

( 5) x1 x2 x3 x4 0 1 0 1 ( 5) x1 x2 x3 x4 0 1 0 1
( 7) x1 x2 x3 x4 0 1 1 1 ( 11) x1 x2 x3 x4 1 0 1 1
5, 7 x1 x2 x4 0 1 – 1  5, 11 ⁄ – – – 1 

( 9) x1 x2 x3 x4 1 0 0 1 ( 9) x1 x2 x3 x4 1 0 0 1
( 7) x1 x2 x3 x4 0 1 1 1 ( 11) x1 x2 x3 x4 1 0 1 1
9, 7 ⁄ – – – 1  9, 11 x1 x2 x4 1 0 – 1 

Iteraciona tablica II
Decimalni Binarni prikaz
Implikante Sažimanje
ekvivalent x1 x2 x3 x4
0, 1 x1 x2 x3 0 0 0 – +
0, 4 x1 x3 x4 0 – 0 0 +
1, 5 x1 x3 x4 0 – 0 1 +
1, 9 x2 x3 x4 – 0 0 1 b
4, 5 x1 x2 x3 0 1 0 – +
5, 7 x1 x2 x4 0 1 – 1 c
9, 11 x1 x2 x4 1 0 – 1 d

0, 1 x1 x2 x3 0 0 0 – 0, 1 x1 x2 x3 0 0 0 –
1, 5 x1 x3 x4 0 – 0 1 1, 9 x2 x3 x4 – 0 0 1
0, 1, 1, 5 ⁄ 0 = 0 =  0, 1, 1, 9 ⁄ = 0 0 = 

0, 1 x1 x2 x3 0 0 0 – 0, 4 x1 x3 x4 0 – 0 0
4, 5 x1 x2 x3 0 1 0 – 1, 5 x1 x3 x4 0 – 0 1
0, 1, 4, 5 x1 x3 0 – 0 –  0, 4, 1, 5 x1 x3 0 – 0 – 

0, 4 x1 x3 x4 0 – 0 0 0, 4 x1 x3 x4 0 – 0 0
1, 9 x2 x3 x4 – 0 0 1 4, 5 x1 x2 x3 0 1 0 –
0, 4, 1, 9 ⁄ = = 0 –  0, 4, 4, 5 ⁄ 0 = 0 = 

1, 5 x1 x3 x4 0 – 0 1 1, 5 x1 x3 x4 0 – 0 1
5, 7 x1 x2 x4 0 1 – 1 9, 11 x1 x2 x4 1 0 – 1
1, 5, 5, 7 ⁄ 0 = = 1  1, 5, 9, 11 ⁄ – = = 1 

1, 9 x2 x3 x4 – 0 0 1 1, 9 x2 x3 x4 – 0 0 1
5, 7 x1 x2 x4 0 1 – 1 9, 11 x1 x2 x4 1 0 – 1
1, 9, 5, 7 ⁄ = – = 1  1, 9, 9, 11 ⁄ = 0 = 1 

4, 5 x1 x2 x3 0 1 0 – 4, 5 x1 x2 x3 0 1 0 –
5, 7 x1 x2 x4 0 1 – 1 9, 11 x1 x2 x4 1 0 – 1
4, 5, 5, 7 ⁄ 0 1 = =  4, 5, 9, 11 ⁄ – – = = 

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Iteraciona tablica III

Decimalni Binarni prikaz
Implikante Sažimanje
ekvivalent x1 x2 x3 x4
0, 1, 4, 5 x1 x3 0 – 0 –
a
0, 4, 1, 5 x1 x3 0 – 0 –

Tablica pokrivanja
impl.Esenc.

Mintermovi
Proste Decimalni 0 1 4 5 7 9 11
implikante ekvivalent
x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4
* a = x1 x3 0, 1, 4, 5  +  +
b = x2 x3 x4 1, 9 + +
* c = x1 x2 x4 5, 7 + 
* d = x1 x2 x4 9, 11 + 
Pokrivanje       

y = f ( x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = a + c + d = x1 x3 + x1 x2 x4 + x1 x2 x4

Određivanje minimalne forme logičke funkcije grafičkom metodom Vejč-Karno

Proste Decimalni
implikante ekvivalent
a = x1 x3 0, 1, 4, 5
c = x1 x2 x4 5, 7
d = x1 x2 x4 9, 11

y = f ( x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = a + c + d = x1 x3 + x1 x2 x4 + x1 x2 x4

x1
x2
0 4 12 8
a = x1 x3
1
1
1 5 13 9 d = x1 x2 x4
1 1 1
3 7 15 11
1
1
2 6 14 10

x3 x4

1 2 4 c=x x x
Provera rešenja minimizacije logičke funkcije
Petrikovom metodom

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Tablica pokrivanja
Mintermovi
Proste Decimalni
0 1 4 5 7 9 11
implikante ekvivalent
x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4
a = x1 x3 0, 1, 4, 5 + + + +
b = x2 x3 x4 1, 9 + +
c = x1 x2 x4 5, 7 + +
d = x1 x2 x4 9, 11 + +
Pokrivanje a a+b a a+c c b+d d

P = a ( a + b) a ( a + c) c ( b + d ) d

a ( a + b) = a
a ( a + c) = a
d(b+ d) = d

P = a ���
a c d = a ��
c d
S = { a , c, d }

y = f ( x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = a + c + d = x1 x3 + x1 x2 x4 + x1 x2 x4

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4. Logički dijagram

y = f ( x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = x1 x3 + x1 x2 x4 + x1 x2 x4

x1 x2 x3 x4

1 x1 &
x1 x3

1 x3

1 x1

& ≥1
1 x2 x1 x2 x4 y

1 x4

1 x1

&
1 x2 x1 x2 x4

1 x4

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5. Principijelna pneumatska šema po CETOP standardu