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Voz Pasiva 1.odt
Voz Pasiva 1.odt
Introduction
Every sentence has a subject and a main verb. Verbs describe what the subject is doing. To be
able to show exactly what the subject does at any time, verbs have different forms and tenses. In
order to speak and write English correctly, you must learn the various verb forms and tenses.
Learning Hint:
To use verbs accurately, learn the standard verb forms and tenses. Memorize common irregular
Verb Forms
Example
Form Verb
Infinitive be
you / they)
-s / -es form --
The verb be also has 3 present tense forms (am, is, are) while all other verbs have one.
Infinitive Form
The infinitive form is the plain or dictionary form. It is used when the verb's action happens in the
present and the subject is a plural noun or the pronouns I, we, you, or they:
I go to work.
We live downtown.
The past tense shows the verb's action happened in the past. It is usually made by adding -d or -
ed to the infinitive. The past tense is formed differently for most irregular verbs:
We lived downtown.
The past participle is used with the verb have (have / has / had) to create the present and past
perfect tenses. The past participle form is also used to modify nouns and pronouns. One example is
The past participle is usually the same as the past tense form. Only some irregular verbs have a
Working
Buying
Eating
The present participle can modify nouns and pronouns. One example is the phrase running water.
When used as a noun (example: smoking is bad), the present participle is known as a gerund. The
-S Form
The -s form of a verb is made from the infinitive of the verb. This form is used when the verb's
action is in the present and the subject is third-person singular. Third-person singular is a singular
noun (examples: desk, John), or a singular indefinite pronoun (examples: everybody, someone), or
How the -s form is made depends on the last letter of the verb:
Singular
Everyone wishes
Verb Types
Irregular Verbs
Many verbs do not follow the rules to make the different forms. They are called irregular verbs. No
single rule explains how to make their past tense and past participle forms. The irregular verbs
do did done
Helping Verbs
Another important type of verb is the helping or auxiliary verb. Helping verbs show tense and can
show person, number, voice or mood. These verbs combine with a main verb to form a verb
phrase. A main verb is an infinitive, a present participle or past participle. These are verb phrase
examples:
will give
can go
Some helping verbs combine with main verbs to show time and voice. These helping verbs
are shall, will, have (has / had), do (does / did) and the forms
live downtown.
Modal Verbs
Helping verbs such as can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will , and would are
used to add extra meaning to main verbs. These helping verbs are called modals. They show a
The helping verb do (does) or its past tense did is used together with the infinitive of a verb to
She does not sleep well. She did not sleep well.
Verbals
A verbal (nonfinite verb) is no longer a verb. It is a verb form used as a noun, an adjective, or an
Verb Tenses
Tense shows the time of a verbs action or being. There are three verb tenses: simple, perfect,
and progressive. Each tense has past, present and future forms.
Note: Because tense shows time, a time word in a sentence helps to decide what tense is being
used. Most time words can only go with a certain tense. These are some examples:
sometimes
today
The simple tenses show that an action or state of being is past, present, or future. The present
tense shows action that is happening now as a person speaks or writes. The present tense is also
used to describe actions that are factual or habitual (commonly repeated over a period of time).
The present tense uses the verbs infinitive or the -s form for third person singular subject.
The past tense shows action that has finished as a person speaks or writes. The past tense uses
The future tense shows action that has not happened yet as a person speaks or writes. The future
tense uses the helping verb will or shall plus the verbs infinitive.
it walked. / it ran.
Perfect Tense
The perfect tenses show that an action was or will be finished BEFORE another time or action
happens. The perfect tenses are made with the helping verb have (have / has / had) plus the
verbs past participle. All subjects use had for the past perfect tense. All subjects use will
have or shall have for the future perfect tense. The infinitive have or has for singular third
Examples:
Perfect
He / she / it has walked.
Perfect
Perfect
He / she / it has run.
Perfect
The present perfect tense can also show that an action started in the past and is still going on in
the present.
Examples:
She has always written in a diary. (Action started in the past but continues now.)
Progressive Tense
The progressive tenses show continuing action. They can also show how long an action has been
going on for an amount of time in the present, past, or future. A verb's present participle joins
with some forms of the verb be (am, is, are, was, were) to make the simple progressive tenses.
Tense Example
Present I am working.
Progressive
You / we / they are working.
He / she / it is working.
Progressive
The past progressive can show an action that happened in the past and was not finished:
He was doing his work. (He was working, but he may not have finished the work .)
The perfect tense form plus been plus the verbs present participle makes the perfect progressive
tenses:
Tense Example
Progressive working.
Progressive working.
Not all verbs can make a progressive tense. Verbs that have qualities not able to show change
cannot make the progressive tense. These are some of the verbs:
Examples: