Method

ENGINEERING MASTER CO.,LTD.
บรร ษษท เออนจรเนนยรรรง มาสเตอรร จากษด
เลขทนร 10/4 หมม1

ร ต.ทาร ขขาม อ.ชนแดน จ.เพชรบมรณร 67150 โทรศษ พท/
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METHOD STATEMENT
FOR MAE MOH TUNNEL EXCAVATION
1. General
The Mae Moh tunnel excavation and construction will be executed and prepared for
the insertion of belt conveyor line. The belt conveyor will be constructed to
support the material handling system from the 7th Phase overburden removal
operation in the Mae Moh Mine.
2. Scope of Works
The scope of work will be: a) Tunnel excavation in claystone by non-blasting method
(Using of continuous Miner), which is 2.25 meters crown radius, 4.50 meters width,
3.50 meters height , 110.12 meters length. b) Construction of Reinforced concrete
Portals and Head walls, including the slope stabilization works which consist of
Retaining Wall construction at existing embankment and concrete ditch. c)
Installation of necessary ground support to the tunnel excavation which consists of
steel ribs, tensioned grouted rockbolts, shotcrete and also concrete floor lining.
d) Associated ventilation and lighting work.
3. Referrence Documents
Document No. : TG_ITD.DS01 Rev. : R1 Description : Calculation for Mae Moh Tunnel
Supports Design. Document No. : TG_ITD.DWG01 Rev. : R1 Description : Reference
Design Drawings for Mae Moh Tunnel Excavation & Construction. Document No. :
TG_ITD.DWG02 Rev. : R1 Description : Site and Tunnel Facilities Layout Document No.
: TG_ITD.DWG03 Rev. : R1 Description : Water Reservior , Sedimentation Pond and
Temporary Waste Disposal area Drwaings and details Document No. : TG_ITD.DWG04 Rev.
: R1 Description : Typical Tunnel Excavation Profile.
No.TG_ITD.Doc.MS01-001
Document Revision : R1
Date : 19 May 2009
Release / Amendment No. Date
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Document No. : TG_ITD.DWG05 Rev. : R1 Description : Layout for Slope Protection at

poratal Area. Document No. : TG_ITD.DWG06 Rev. : R1 Description : Typical Soil Nail
, Rockbolt and Drainhole Installation. Document No. : TG_ITD.DWG07 Rev. : R1
Description : Steel Rib Drawings and Details for Mae. Document No. :
TG_ITD.Doc.MIX01 Rev. : R1 Description : Proposed Concrete and Shotcrete Mix
Designs. Document No. : TG_ITD.Doc.WPRO01 Rev. : R1 Description : Work Procedure
Flowchart Diagram. Document No. : TG_ITD.Doc.REP01 Rev. : R1 Description :
Inspection and Report Forms. Document No. : TG_ITD.Doc.EQ01 Rev. : R1 Description :
List of Equipments. Document No. : TG_ITD.Doc.MAT01 Rev. : R1 Description :
Material Specifications. Document No. : TG_ITD.Doc.SPEC01 Rev. : R1 Description :
Specifications for Mae Moh Tunnel.
4. Major Materials and Supplies

Item 1 2 3 4 5 Description Steel Ribs WF-150x150 Rock bolt and accessories Cement
ASTM C150 Type I Coarse Sand ¾” Aggregate Use Support from (Sta. 0+003) to (Sta.
0+064) Rock support as applicable Concrete and Shotcrete mix component Concrete and
Shotcrete mix component Concrete mix component
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6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
3/8” Aggregate Steel wire mesh Grout Capsules (Cementitious) Admixtures (Rheobuild
718 or Plasiment R ) Admixtures (Meyco SA160) Reinforce steel 1 ½” Ø PVC Pipe Class
13.5 Geotextile , polyfelt TS40 Description Continuous Miner Rear Dump Truck Air
Compressor Air Receiver Tank Power Supply or Generator Water Pump Water Pump Front-
End Wheel Loader Front-End Wheel Loader Concrete Transit Truck Ventilation Fan Dry-
Mix or Wet Mix Shotcrete Machine Dosing pump Truck Crane Concrete Plant Trailer
Pick up
Concrete and Shotcrete Mix component Rock support and Slope protection Rock bolt
anchorage Concrete Superplasticizer Shotcrete Accelerator Reinforcement of concrete
Drain Pipes Filter for drain pipes Quantity Activity 1 Rock (Tunnel) excavation 2 2
2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Spoil Disposal Compressed air supply Compressed air
buffer Reserve Power supply Water supply Dewatering Mucking, Tunnel service
Batching Plant service Shotcrete/Concrete delivery Ventilation Shotcrete
Application Accelerator dosing unit Handling service Concrete batching Equipment
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5. Major Equipment s and Tools

Brand/Model/Spec. KOMATSU CM200 (Modified) 4-7 tons Capacity AIRMAN PDS655 , 650
cfm. 3.0 m3 Capacity 150 kVA. Per each Portal Centrifugal Pump 2”Ø Submersible 2”Ø
KOMATSU , JH36 or WA150 1.2 m3 Capacity FURUKAWA FL30 , 0.5 m3 Capacity 2.5 m3
Capacity 900 mm.Ø , 30 kW. MEYCO - GP or MEYCO - Altera Multi-Piston Pump 25mm. 5
tons Capacity 12 m3/hr Capacity Long bed 4 Wheels Drivel Pickup Date : 19 May 2009

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6. Works Sequence
The works sequence shall be as shown in the working flowchart diagram below. WORK
FLOWCHART DIAGRAM Mobilization Surface Excavation by ITD Survey & Setting out Slope
Stabilization at Portal Areas - Retaining Wall - Concrete Ditch - Drainholes Site /
Tunnel Facilities Portal Construction Survey & Setting out
Tunnel Excavation Each 4.0 m. per round - Continuous Miner (Excavator) - Rear Dump
Trucks (Disposal) Tunnel Supports Each 4.0 m. - Steel Rib supports - Floor Lining -
Rockbolt - Shotcrete
Survey & Setting out
Survey & Setting out
7. Work Execution / Methodology

The Mae Moh Tunnel shall be Horse shoe shaped, with a crown radius of 2.25 meters.,
4.50 meters width, 3.50 meters height . To be excavated in sedimentary rock
formations composed mainly of claystone , In order to prevent the vibration caused
from the blasting which may damage or interrupt the existing belt conveyor lines
around that area, the Non-blasting tunnel excavation method has to be employed by
using of the Continuous Miner in conjunction with Rear dump truck. After every
certain 4.0 meters length of tunnel has been excavated, the support system shall be
applied immediately in order to prevent the danger and accident from rock squeezing
and falling down. The support system shall be consisted of Steel ribs, Tensioned
grouted rockbolts, and Shotcrete.
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7.1 Preparation Prior to starting the excavation and construction works, the
necessary plants, equipments, materials and supplies needed to start the works will
be at the site. The necessary temporary facilities will be on site, as close to the
work area as possible. (Appendix3) The main facilities consist of Electric power
supply, Water supply, Compressed air supply and Ventilation system, connected to
the tunnel as shown in Picture 1. Electrical power supply will be from EGAT, with
standby diesel driven engine generators provided on site to serve as back-up power
source. The capacity of the generator will be enough to sustain normal tunnel
construction activities. Industrial water supply will be from the local water main
or from deep wells drilled in the vicinity of the platform. In either case, the
water will be transported from the source to a water reservoir (plastic sheet lined
– sump located in front of the portal) ready to deliver the water through 2 inch
diameter galvanized steel pipe lines to the plants and tunnel for any application.
Compressed air supply will be provided by diesel driven engine air compressors set
up at the portal area. Air receiver tanks will be installed, delivery lines will be
2 inch diameter galvanized steel pipe lines in the tunnel. A Main valve shall be
installed after the air receiver tank to control or shut off compressed air supply
in cases of repair or emergency. Isolation valves shall be installed at the
intervals of 50 meters also for repair and emergency purposes.
LIGHTING VENTILATION DUCT CABLE RACK CONTINUOUS MINER
COMPRESSED AIR PIPE WATER SUPPLY PIPE
CROSS SECTION PREPARATION OF TUNNEL FACILITIES
PICTURE 1 The ventilation system will be supplied from the 1 unit of 900 cm.Ø, 30
kW. Electric motor drive axial-contra rotation type ventilator installed in front
of each portal (Appendix 12) The fresh air will be delivered to the work face
through the 800 cm.Ø flexible vent ducts. Document Revision : R1 Date : 19 May 2009
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7.2 Survey and Setting out The Mae Moh tunnel location, centerline and alignment,
gradient, and elevation will be established by survey, starting from the portals,
in accordance with the design as indicated in the layout plan and typical cross
sections of the reference drawings. Survey equipment s to be used will be the
tunnel profiler, computer – aided type, Tunneling software on board, to ensure
accuracy of the survey execution. Data processing of the survey results will be
done by downloading the survey data to a computer, which will also be the
compatible software on board. 7.3 Tunnel excavation and Construction 7.3.1 Portal
Construction Prior to start tunnel excavation, the reinforced concrete portal
structure consist of foundation, collar, and retaining wall have to be constructed
in accordance with the design as indicated in the reference drawings ( Apendix 1,
6, 9) The construction procedures are as followed: - Ground excavation to match to
all the designed location, dimensions and elevation prepared for 5 cm. thick sand
compaction on the floor base. - After sand compaction is finished then start to fix
the reinforce steel follow the specified drawings at the foundation and floor and
also in the meanwhile install the formworks ready for concrete placing and
compaction. - Continue the reinforcement steel fixing up to the side wall, collar
and retaining wall. - Install the complete formworks ready for concrete placing. -
The concrete will be mixed by using the submitted 280 ksc. mix design (Appendix 9)
form the batching plant which are installed in front of portal areas, the concrete
will be delivered to that concrete works by the prepared concrete transit trucks. -
Execution and completion of concrete placing and compaction then wait for 3 days
before the removal of the formworks. The concrete works shall be done under
inspection of the resident engineer. 7.3.2 Tunnel Excavation After the portals
construction has been completed, the tunnel excavation can be started. As mentioned
before, the continuous miner will be employed for tunnel excavation. There are two
alternatives for the selection of the continuous miner type, the 1st alternative is
electrical drive and the 2nd is diesel engine drive, depends on the most
convenience conditions.
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FORWARD
REAR DUMP TRUCK CONTINUOUS MINER
PROFILE TUNNEL EXCAVATION , ADVANCING FORWARD ( BY CONTINUOUS MINER + TRUCKS )
PICTURE 2.
REAR DUMP TRUCK
CONTINUOUS MINER
BACKWARD
PROFILE TUNNEL EXCAVATION AT THE FLOOR BACKWARD
PICTURE 3. The working principle of the machine are as described, the numbers of
cutting teeth on the cutting drum of continuous miner will break the rock to be the
form of cuttings, fall down into the tray below which are two sets of sweeping
impeller to put the cut rock to the next built-in belt conveyor underneath, then it
be conveyed up through the belt conveyor and load down to the rear dump truck
behind. The rear dump truck will transport that material to dump at the disposal
area. The 1st Step : Excavate progressing forward on the upper part which is the
same level with the previous concrete floor, to keep the machine stable as shown in
Picture 2. The 2nd Step : Excavate progressing backward and down to the designed
level as shown in Picture 3.
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Mucking : The final stage of excavation is mucking, that will be done by using the
front-end wheel loader . The wheel loader will load the remaining spoil from
excavation to the dump trucks for transportation to designated disposal areas.
7.3.3 Tunnel Supports 7.3.3.1 Steel Ribs As the soonest time as possible after each
certain 4.0 meters section of the tunnel has been excavated the steel rib supports
need to be installed to sustain the tunnel stability in accordance with the design
as indicated in the reference drawings ( Appendix 2, 8). Prior to install the steel
ribs, that needed to start from rock scaling at the tunnel roof and side wall as
shown in Picture 4.
DUMP TRUCK
PROFILE ROCK SCALING PRIOR TO THE STEEL RIBS INSTALLATION AND SHOTCRETE
PICTURE 4 Then the prepared components of steel ribs will be installed, equipped by
the front-end wheel loader as the assisting equipment as the following procedures :
o Put the timber pieces (100mm.x100mm.x1200mm.) roughly at 0.5 meter spacing,
direction parallel along the tunnel on the compacted sand floor and fix the timber
pieces roughly around the tunnel section (roof and side wall) with the grouted DB12
steel bar into the prepared drilled holes. o Put the Basing Piece WF-150x150 of
steel set on the timbers at 1.0 meter spacing in transverse direction of the
tunnel. o The Arc Crown Piece WF-150x150 of steel set will be lift up to the
approximately position, meanwhile the workers take the Column Pieces WF-150x150 to
the position. The 1 Arc crown Piece and the 2 Column Pieces will be connected and
tighten together with the 6 sets of M20x60x1.75 bolts and nuts per each column.
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o To set the alignment of steel sets by the survey instruments and positioning the
steel sets to the exactly position in accordance with the plan from reference
drawings, by the workers and under the assistance of the wheel loader as shown in
Picture 5.
WHEEL LOADER
Lifting Point Lifting Point Lifting Point
KOMATSU
PROFILE CROSS SECTION STEEL RIBS INSTALLATION BY USING OF THE WHEEL LOADER AS THE
ASSISTING EQUIPMENT
PICTURE 5
Crown Arc Piece Connecting End Plates Fixed by 6 nr. of M16x60x1.75 Bolts&Nuts
Column Piece Pop Post Hydraulic Pump Set Up-Lifting Force = 5 Tons Before Joint
Welding at the Rectangular Edge Attachable Bearing Pad Fixed by 8 nr. of M12x50x1.5
Bolts&Nuts Hydraulic Jack Basing Piece
CROSS SECTION INSTALLATION OF STEEL RIB
PICTURE 6 o After all pieces of steel set are in the exactly proper position then
lift the upper steel set up with the 2 units of hydraulic jack at 5 tons lifting
force to make the steel set tightly fastened to the timber pieces as shown in
Picture 6 and then fix the column pieces with the basing piece by welding at the
contact joint finally. o Some timber pieces may be still loose with the steel sets,
they could be tightly fastened with the timber wedging later but prior to wire mesh
installation and shotcrete application. o Five rows of bracings will be installed
by arc welding in accordance with the design as indicated in the reference
drawings.
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7.3.3.2 Concrete Floor Lining The following step after steel ribs support will be
concrete floor lining, the reinforcement shall be RB8x200x200 wire mesh in
accordance with the design as indicated in the reference drawings ( Appendix 9) The
construction procedures are as followed: o Prepare the 5 cm. thick sand compaction
on the floor base. o After sand compaction is finished then start to fix the wire
mesh (RB8x200x200) follow the specified drawings ready for concrete placing and
compaction. o The concrete will be mixed by using the submitted 320 ksc. mix design
form the batching plant which are installed in front of portal areas, the concrete
will be delivered to that concrete works by the prepared concrete transit trucks. o
Execution and completion of concrete placing and compaction as shown in the picture
7, then wait for 12 hours before continuing with the preparation works for initial
shotcrete. The concrete works shall be done under inspection of the resident
engineer from project owner.
CONCRETE TRANSIT TRUCK
PROFILE CONCRETE PLACING ( CONCRETE FLOOR LINING WORK )
PICTURE 7 7.3.3.3 Initial Shotcrete (1st Layer) Once the designed excavation for
steel rib installation is achieved, the initial shotcrete layer will be applied
(Appendix 9). Thickness of shotcrete will be75 mm. to cover the excavated surface
and prevent the deterioration of the rock when exposed to the air and also
strengthen up tunnel wall to keep security until the permanent supports will be
completed. The wire mesh (RB6x150mm.x150mm.) will be installed at the middle of 1st
layer shotcrete thickness prior to shotcrete application. The wire mesh will be
fixed with the dowel bars (DB12) which have been previously installed into the
10mm. drilled hole (drilled by Rotary Hand Drill) and be kept stable by
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friction, at 0.75 meter spacing and leave the certain designed space between wire
mesh and rock surface with the limited concrete spacer.
INITIAL SHOTCRETE LAYER
NOZZLE CONCRETE TRANSIT TRUCK SHOTCRETE MACHINE DUMP TRUCK
ME
YCO
PROFILE INITIAL SHOTCRETE APPLICATIONS
PICTURE 8. Shotcrete application will be dry mix, mixed by using the submitted 280
ksc. Dry mix design from the batching plant which are installed in front of portal
areas, the concrete will be delivered to that shotcrete workface by the prepared
concrete transit trucks. The equipments setting up is shown in Picture 8. The mix
will be conveyed to the surface of application by a dry mix shotcrete machine which
operated by electric motor drive in co-operation with compressed air (operating
pressure is 3.0-3.5 bars , but the compressed air shall be supplied from the 650
cfm. @ 7.0 bar Air compressor) to convey the mix passed through the flexible 2”Ø
hoses to a nozzle. The liquid, alkali free accelerator will be mixed with water in
the designed content and introduced from the dosing pump through the separated
rubber hose and finally connected to the nozzle. The mixture of water and liquid
accelerator can be regulated to achieve the proper W/C ratio by the regulating
valve at the nozzle, so that the quantity of accelerator dosage in the mix design
is attained by the relation with W/C ratio. (Accellerator @ 2.0% by Cement weight
at tunnel side wall , @4.0% by Cement Weight at Tunnel roof). Shot crete
application will start at the toe of the tunnel wall and progress toward the crown
on both sides of the tunnel. The nozzle shall be held at a distance of 1.0 meter to
a maximum of 1.2 meters from the application surface. To minimize rebound, the
nozzle will not be held perpendicular to the surface of application. During
application, the nozzle will be moved in circular motion, to ensure even
distribution of the shotcrete and compaction. The shotcrete works shall be executed
under inspection by the resident engineer from project owner.
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7.3.3.4 Tensioned grouted Rock bolt Rockbolting is the next step from steel ribs
support installation. The 4 numbers of tensioned grouted rockbolt will be installed
for each one tunnel section at 1.50 meters spacing from center to center. The rock
bolt shall be 2.50 meters long made from 25mm.Ø deformed bar (DB25) grade SD40
(Appendix 7.) The following will be the procedure for the fore tensioned grouted
rockbolt installation : 1. The type of rockbolt patterns for support, will be set
out and marked by survey as indicated in the typical sections of the design
drawings. 2. Holes for rock bolts will be drilled, following the bolting pattern
set out and marked by survey, using the Air leg Drill Hammer as shown in Picture 9.
Hole diameter will be 38-40 mm. and length will be 2.50 meters as shown in the
design drawing or as instructed by the geologist or geotechnical engineer. 3. After
drilling the holes for rockbolts, cleaning and flushing with water will be done to
remove loose rocks fragments and/or sludge resulting from the drilling. The holes
will also be checked for length. The blocked holes will be cleaned to the depth or
re-drilled.
AIR LEG DRILLHAMMER CONCRETE TRANSIT TRUCK
PROFILE DRILLING THE HOLES , PREPARING FOR THE INSTALLATION OF TENSIONED GROUT
RCKBOLTS
PICTURE 9 4. Once the holes for rockbolts has been cleaned, then prepare the quick
set cementitious grout capsules (32 mm.Ø), Pierce the plastic around the capsule
using the tool provided by the manufacturer which is included in the packaging. 5.
Place the quick set cementitious grout capsules in a container with water, and
leave it to be watersaturated until no bubbles can be seen. 6. Insert the saturated
cartridges in the borehole using a suitable round wooden stick to squeeze the
cartridges against the borehole and ensure they do not slip out, the enough
capsules will be Document Revision : R1 Date : 19 May 2009 Release / Amendment No.
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7.
8. 9.
10.
inserted into the hole to ensure that the whole length of the bolt is grouted in
accordance with the design of the rockbolt anchorage as specified in the drawings.
Insert the rock bolt (25mm.Ø x 2.50m.) by using the Air leg drill hammer for
pushing forward until the full bolt length is installed. This will produce the
mortar mix 0.3 W/C ratio ensuring a complete annular mortar filling. After 10
minutes, the cement paste will set and the accelerated hardening process will
start. Complete setting will be achieved after 60 minutes. Once the wire mesh will
be installed before the fastening of the rock bolt face plate, conical washer and
nut. The wire mesh will be fixed with the dowel bars (DB12) which have been
previously installed into the 10mm. drilled hole (drilled by Rotary Hand Drill) and
be kept stable by friction, at 0.75 meter spacing and leave the certain designed
space between wire mesh and surface of application with the limited concrete
spacer. The face plate, conical washer and nut will be installed and fastened after
pull test and 1st layer shotcrete is completed. And the tensioned grouted rockbolt
installation shall be done under inspection by the resident engineer from project
owner.
7.3.3.5 Final Shotcrete (2nd Layer) After the tensioned grouted rockbolt is
finished, the final shotcrete layer will be applied (Appendix 9). Thickness of
shotcrete will be125 mm. to ensure that the shotcrete wall is strong enough against
ground pressure applied to the tunnel wall. The wire mesh (RB6x150mm.x150mm.) will
be installed at the middle of final shotcrete layer thickness prior to shotcrete
application. The wire mesh will be fixed with the dowel bars (DB12) which have been
previously installed into the 10mm. drilled hole (drilled by Rotary Hand Drill) and
be kept stable by friction, at 0.75 meter spacing and leave the certain designed
space between wire mesh and rock surface with the limited concrete spacer.
Shotcrete application will be dry mix, mixed by using the submitted 280 ksc. Dry
mix design from the batching plant which has been installed in front of portal
areas, the concrete will be delivered to that shotcrete workface by the prepared
concrete transit trucks. The equipments setting up is shown in Picture 10. The mix
will be conveyed to the surface of application by a dry mix shotcrete machine which
operated by electric motor drive in co-operation with compressed air (operating
pressure is 3.03.5 bars, but the compressed air supply shall be delivered from the
650 cfm. @ 7.0 bars Air compressor) to convey the mix passed through the flexible
2”Ø hoses to a nozzle. The liquid, alkali free accelerator will be mixed with water
in the designed content and introduced from the dosing pump
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through the separated rubber hose and finally connected to the nozzle. The mixture
of water and liquid accelerator can be regulated to achieved the proper W/C ratio
by the regulating valve at the nozzle, so that the quantity of accelerator dosage
in the mix design is attained by the relation with W/C ratio. (Accellerator @ 2.0%
by Cement weight at tunnel side wall, @4.0% by Cement weight on tunnel roof). Shot
crete application will start at the toe of the tunnel wall and progress toward the
crown on both sides of the tunnel. The nozzle shall be held at a distance of 1.0
meter to a maximum of 1.2 meters from the application surface. To minimize rebound,
the nozzle will not be held perpendicular to the surface of application. During
application, the nozzle will be moved in circular motion, to ensure even
distribution of the shotcrete and compaction.
FINAL SHOTCRETE LAYER
NOZZLE CONCRETE TRANSIT TRUCK SHOTCRETE MACHINE DUMP TRUCK
ME YCO
PROFILE FINAL SHOTCRETE APPLICATIONS
PICTURE 10 And the shotcrete works shall be done under inspection by resident
engineer from project owner. 8. ventilation An adequate ventilation system will be
set-up. Axial-contra rotation fans will be used and fresh air will be conveyed to
the working face by flexible ducting. Since mobile diesel equipment will be used in
the tunnel excavation, the ventilation system will provide of 50 l/s/hp. Gasoline
powered or stationary diesel equipment will not be used inside the tunnel. Air
quality determination will be done at the start of the work shift/s and during the
work shift, to check the concentration of noxious gases, before starting or
resuming work. 9. Illumination/ Lighting As the tunnel excavation progresses,
lighting will be provided at the advancing face and transit area. Mobile/movable
with minimum 40 lux illumination, will be used in the working area, so that they
can be easily positioned, transferred or removed for any purpose. In the transit
area, fixed lighting with minimum of 10 lux Document Revision : R1 Date : 19 May
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illumination will be installed. The lighting will be at least 2 meters from the
invert, and spacing will be every 10 meters. Fixed lighting will be maintained 50
meters away from the advancing face. All lighting fixtures to be used in the tunnel
will be waterproof and maximum voltage for lighting will be 240 volts. 10.
Dewatering The tunnel will be excavated with a rising gradient, therefore, one side
of tunnel will be self draining. The inflow water from another side tunnel will be
de-watered by the 2”Ø submersible pump to deliver it through 2”Ø hose discharge to
the drainage system around portal areas. The discharged water will be conveyed by
the drainage system to a sedimentation pond (Appendix 8), to allow settling of silt
and mud before further discharge of the water into natural drainage systems. The
sedimentation pond will be regularly cleaned to ensure functionality. Sediment/silt
from the cleaning of the sedimentation pond will be accumulated at the temporary
disposal area of the platform to allow it to drain before transportation to the
designated disposal areas. 11. Quality Assurance Before and during the execution of
works, materials testing will be performed by either on-site or off site
laboratories, as approved by the Employer’s Representative. Other specifications
and test methods shall be approved and accepted by the Employer’s Representative on
the site before use. 12. Monitoring The integrity of the tunnel during construction
will be regularly monitored on short term and long term basis.
Short term Monitoring Systems : 1. Geological mapping and geotechnical data

collection after excavation shall be done to ascertain and confirm the support
system to be applied. The Geologic data shall be interpreted and analyzed by the
geologist and geotechnical engineer to be able to project the expected ground
conditions for the each excavation round or cycles. 2. During drilling for
rockbolting, cuttings and sludge from drilling shall be observed to obtain
information on the geology and rock type immediately after the face at certain
length, at the crown, walls and invert. If water ingress is encountered, flow rate
shall be determined, and if necessary, pilot holes shall be drilled, to probe
deeper into the rock face. Length of the pilot holes, diameter, etc. shall be
determined by the geologist or the geotechnical engineer. Excavation methods and
procedures may be modified according to the results or finding of these procedure.
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3. The applied shotcrete support shall be regularly checked for cracks and other
abnormal conditions. Once these are observed, the appropriate measures to reinforce
or repair the shotcrete shall be done immediately. 4. Quality control of the works
shall be done strictly following the Inspection and Test Plan (Appendix 11.) Long
Term Monitoring Systems : Long term monitoring systems shall consist of procedures
that are programmed to be periodically done to monitor the tunnel integrity during
and after the construction phase. Convergence Monitoring Convergence monitoring
stations (5 points) will be established at interval of 20 meters, One (1) week
after excavation has passed. The monitoring stations shall be established by a
computer aided Survey Instrument, since the instrument has the software and can be
programmed to automatically locate the convergence points, and make readings. The
frequency of monitoring will depend on the geology of the rock that is excavated
and supported. If the monitoring shows movement, all measures shall be taken to
reinforce the support systems at the particular location. 13. Health and safety a.
Tunnel Safety Excavation : 1. Excavation will be done only within the boundaries of
the profiles as set out and marked by survey in accordance with the layout, plans,
and sections in the reference design and construction drawings. 2. Effort shall be
taken to minimize or eliminate over break and over excavation by controlling of the
machinery. 3. All excavation done, will be supported within 12 hours from the time
of excavation, to prevent the deterioration or weathering of the rock when exposed
to air. An initial layer of shotcrete, 75 mm. thick shall be applied to cover the
newly exposed rock resulting from mechanical excavation. 4. The excavations shall
be regularly mapped by the geologist or geotechnical engineer to determine the type
of rock, rock quality, geology, and other geotechnical information required, to be
able to assess the type of support needed. 5. Electrical equipment and machinery to
be used in the tunnel shall be properly grounded, and electrical components
provided with the protection required. Only authorized personel shall be allowed to
repair or work on the electrical components.
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6. Lighting will be provided at the tunnel face, the minimum illumination shall be
100 lux. These shall be properly mounted on stands that can be easily moved around
and positioned as require at the working face. The lighting fixtures shall be
waterproof and maximum voltage for the fixtures shall be 240 volts. 7. Transit area
shall likewise be provided with lighting fixtures, and minimum illumination to be
provided shall be 40 lux. The lighting fixtures shall be waterproof and shall have
a maximum voltage of 240 volts. b. Support Systems : 1. Rockbolt pattern and
density will be installed in accordance with the typical plans, layout, and section
of the reference design and construction drawings. 2. The geologist or geotechnical
engineer shall evaluate all geologic and geotechnical information of the excavated
area, and shall decide all the support system to be applied base on actual ground
conditions (either the increase or decrease in rockbolt density and spacing between
rockbolts, installation of wire mesh, use of steel ribs, shotcrete thickness,
etc.). The geologist shall inform the site engineer of his evaluation and
recommendations regarding the support system. The site engineer and foremen shall
ensure that the support measures are applied. 3. When tensioned grouted rockbolt
are employed, the whole length of the bolts shall be fully grouted. Pre-grouting of
the rockbolts shall be the preferred method. 4. All rockbolt face plates, conical
washer, hemispherical nuts, lock nuts, and stick out, shall be buried with the
shotcrete. 5. Shotcrete quality shall be regularly checked by QC procedures.
Application procedure shall be in accordance with sound construction practice.
Thickness guides shall be installed to ensure that the correct thickness of
shotcrete is applied. Water ingress will be isolated and the rock surface to be
sprayed, cleaned of loose rock fragments, soil, debris, etc. c. Electric power,
Compressed air and Water supply systems Electric power distribution lines,
compressed air and water delivery pipes shall be properly laid out arranged in the
tunnel. Power supply and distribution system The power lines shall be laid out
separately from the air and water pipes and the necessary circuit breakers provided
to automatically cut off power supply when abnormalities are detected. Electrically
operated equipments and machineries shall be provided with circuit breakers and
shall be properly grounded. Only Document Revision : R1 Date : 19 May 2009
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authorized personal shall be allowed to work on repairs or maintenance of the power

lines and equipments. Power cables will be properly laid out on cable trays,
hangers, and racks provided. Compressed air and water distribution system Air
receiver tanks will be installed after the compressors prior to distribution to
regulate the pressure in the delivery pipeline. The receiver shall be equipped with
the necessary pressure release valves, pressure gauges, and drain valves. A main
valve shall be installed after the air receiver tank to control or shut off
compressed air supply in cases of repair or emergency. Isolation gate valves shall
be installed at intervals of 50 meters also for repair and emergency purposes. d.
Personal Safety The safety of the worker shall be guaranteed at all times. Training
and Information All personal who will be assigned in the tunnel and related work
shall undergo safety orientation before being allowed to work in the tunnel. Aside
from this, tunnel workers shall be required to undergo the Basic First Aid training
course (Red Cross Standard) during the duration of their employment. They shall
also be required to attend refresher courses to be scheduled by the Safety
department. Safety reminders in English and Thai language shall be installed at
strategic locations to keep the workers informed and remind them of safe rules,
regulations, and procedures. Safety warning signs shall be installed whenever there
is a hazard identified. All actions shall be taken to correct to eliminate the
hazard at the soonest possible time. Personal Protective Equipment All personal
assigned in the tunnel shall be provided with the basic safety protective
equipment. These shall consist of but are not limited to the following: Safety
Helmet (approved for underground use) – for head protection Dust mask or respirator
– for respiratory protection Ear plugs – for noise protection Rubber Boots – foot
protection Safety gloves – hand protection Safety goggle- eye protection When the
nature of work requires additional personal protective equipments, these shall be
identified and provided to ensure workers protection and welfare.
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Worker compliance in the use of the personal protective equipments shall be ensured
by the Site supervisors, foremen, in coordination with the safety personal. Air
Quality and Ventilation The minimum ventilation requirement of 300 l/s/m2 shall be
maintained at all times. Air quality tests shall be done at the start of work shift
and after blasting. In cases where the ventilation system has stopped, work inside
the tunnel shall be suspended and the workers evacuated to the portal until such
that the ventilation system has been re-started and the work area ventilated for at
least 20 minutes. No one shall be allowed to work in the tunnel without proper
ventilation. c. Emergency Response Procedures The emergency response plans and
procedures as set forth in the Site Safety Plan shall be strictly implemented.
Information dissemination shall be done and incorporated in the safety induction
program. A First Aid station complete with a First Aid box containing essential
medicines, equipments, medical supplies, shall be maintained at the platform area
for administering first aid in case of accidents. The first aid station shall be
regularly checked for supplies and equipments and provision or replenishment done.
All other safety measures as stated in the Site Safety Plan will be implemented and
compliance will be ensured. 13. Environmental Management The contractor’s
environmental Monitoring and Management Plan and the Site Specific Environmental
Plans will be strictly followed and complied with the ensure mitigation of any
impact the work may have on the environment. Clearing and Grubbing As stated for
the Tunnel Excavation, no additional clearing or grubbing is necessary for the
duration of the works. Water from Tunnel Excavation The discharge water from the
tunnel shall be isolated and diverted to the drainage net work at the platform
area. The discharge water from the tunnel shall be made to pass through a
sedimentation pond, where silt, mud, and other impurities will be allowed to
settle, before the water is discharged to natural drainage systems.
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Dust Generated during Excavation and Mucking Dust generated during tunnel
excavation and mucking shall be sprayed with water to suppress dust generation and
the remaining shall be dissipated from the tunnel by means of the ventilation
system. Hazardous Materials Storage and Handling Hazardous materials (oil, fuel,
lubricants, etc.) shall be stored in designated areas that are fenced off and
provided with containment structures or facilities in case of accidental spill. The
storage areas shall be clearly marked out and fenced off. The necessary spill
response kits and equipment shall be made available. Handling of these materials
shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Disposal Hazardous
materials shall be disposed of at designated area. Temporary storage for waste
shall be established to accommodate these materials until a permanent disposal area
is designated. The temporary storage shall be provided with the necessary
facilities to prevent contamination of the environment. Non - Hazardous Materials
Storage and Handling Non - hazardous materials shall be stored according to the
manufacturer’s recommendations. Accidental spills shall be immediately treated and
cleaned up according to procedures recommended by the manufacturer. The storage
area likewise has to be fenced out and clearly marked out. Disposal Disposal of
these materials shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Garbage Generated All temporary facilities (workshops, offices, dining rooms) shall
be provided with garbage receptacles to receive garbage generated from these
facilities. Garbage will be collected regularly and will be disposed in designated
disposal areas and procedures.
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Toilets Toilets shall be provided at strategic locations within the platform area.
The toilets shall be provided with a septic tank and continuous supply water. The
toilets shall be maintained for cleanliness and sanitation. Temporary Spoil
Disposal Areas Slopes of spoil disposal areas shall be maintained less than the
determined angle of repose of the materials to ensure stability. Coffer dams along
the boundaries of the spoil disposal areas shall be the accumulated spoil is not
washed away into natural drainage systems during heavy rains. Drainage shall be
properly maintained to avoid saturation of the spoil materials during rains and the
necessary silt traps or ponds constructed along the drainage or the discharge
channels into natural drainage systems. The disposal areas shall be monitored
regularly so that they are filled only to the designed capacity. All other
environmental plans and procedures shall be strictly complied with to mitigate any
impact of the construction activities on the environment.
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APPENDIX
1. 2. 3. 4. Calculation for Mae Moh Tunnel Supports Design Reference Design
Drawings Site and Tunnel Facilities Layout Water Reservior , Sedimentation Pond and
Temporary Waste Disposal Area Drawings and Details 5. Typical Tunnel Excavation
Profile 6. Layout for Slope Protection at Portal Area 7. Typical Soil Nail ,
Rockbolt and Drainhole Installation 8. Steel Rib Drawings and Details 9. Proposed
Concrete and Shotcrete Mix Design 10. Work Procedure Flowchart Diagram 11.
Inspection and Report Forms 12. List of Equipments 13. Material Specifications 14.
Specifications for Mae Moh Tunnel Excavation and Construction
Date : 19 May 2009
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ENGINEERING MASTER CO.,LTD.

บรร ษษท เออนจรเนนยรรรง มาสเตอรร จากษด

เลขทนร 10/4 หมม1

Date : 19 May 2009

Release / Amendment No. Date

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Document No. : TG_ITD.DWG05 Rev. : R1 Description : Layout for Slope Protection at

4. Major Materials and Supplies

Date : 19 May 2009

Release / Amendment No. Date

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5. Major Equipment s and Tools

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Survey & Setting out

Survey & Setting out

7. Work Execution / Methodology

Date : 19 May 2009

Release / Amendment No. Date

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COMPRESSED AIR PIPE WATER SUPPLY PIPE

CROSS SECTION PREPARATION OF TUNNEL FACILITIES

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Release / Amendment No. Date

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PROFILE TUNNEL EXCAVATION , ADVANCING FORWARD ( BY CONTINUOUS MINER + TRUCKS )

REAR DUMP TRUCK

PROFILE TUNNEL EXCAVATION AT THE FLOOR BACKWARD

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Release / Amendment No. Date

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CROSS SECTION INSTALLATION OF STEEL RIB

Date : 19 May 2009

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CONCRETE TRANSIT TRUCK

PROFILE CONCRETE PLACING ( CONCRETE FLOOR LINING WORK )

Date : 19 May 2009

Release / Amendment No. Date

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INITIAL SHOTCRETE LAYER

NOZZLE CONCRETE TRANSIT TRUCK SHOTCRETE MACHINE DUMP TRUCK

PROFILE INITIAL SHOTCRETE APPLICATIONS

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Release / Amendment No. Date

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AIR LEG DRILLHAMMER CONCRETE TRANSIT TRUCK

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