ST.

ALOYSIUS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR 1

MACHINE DRAWING & DESIGN (ME-305)

Viva questions & answer

Q1. What is meant by tolerance? How many types of tolerance are there?
A1. Tolerance is the difference between maximum and minimum dimensions of a component, ie,
between upper limit and lower limit. Depending on the type of application, the permissible
variation of dimension is set as per available standard grades. Tolerance is of two types, bilateral
and unilateral. When tolerance is present on both sides of nominal size, it is termed as bilateral;
unilateral has tolerance only on one side.

Q2. What are the types fit? Describe the differences.

A2. The nature of assembly of two mating parts is defined by three types of fit system, Clearance Fit,
Transition Fit and Interference Fit.
Clearance Fit: In this type of fit, the shaft of largest possible diameter can be fitted easily in
the hole of smallest possible diameter.
Interference Fit: In this type of fit, irrespective of tolerance grade there is always a
overlapping of the matting parts.
Transition Fit: In this case, a clearance is present between the minimum dimension of the
shaft and the minimum dimension of the hole. However, the fit is tight, if the shaft
dimension is maximum and the hole dimension is minimum. Hence, transition fit have both
the characteristics of clearance fit and interference fit.

Q3. What are preferred numbers?

A3. Preferred numbers are the numbers belonging to four categories of geometric progression series,
called basic series, having common ratio of,
5102040101.58, 101.26, 10and10≈ ≈ ≈1.12 ≈1.06
Preferred numbers of derived series are formed by multiplying or dividing the basic series by 10,
100 etc. These numbers are used to build-up or manufacture a product range. The range of
operational speeds of a machine or the range of powers of a typical machine may be also as per a
series of preferred numbers.

Q.4: Define machine design.

A.4: A machine is a combination of several machine elements arranged to work together as a
whole to accomplish specific purposes. Machine design involves designing the elements and
arranging them optimally to obtain some useful work.

Q.5: What is an adaptive design?

A.5: Adaptive design is based on an existing design adapted for a new system or application, for
example, design of a new model of passenger car.

1 Prof. Premkushwaha (SAIT) | Mechanical Department

 ST. ALOYSIUS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR 2

Q.6: Suggest briefly the steps to be followed by a designer.

A.6: Machine design requires a thorough knowledge of engineering science in its totality along
with a clear decision making capability. Every designer follows his own methodology based on
experience and analysis. However, the main steps to be followed in general are :
 Define the problem.
 Make preliminary design decisions.
 Make design sketches.
 Carry out design analysis and optimization.
 Design the elements for strength and durability.
 Prepare documentations to be followed for manufacture.

Q.7: Discuss ‘factor of safety’ in view of the reliability in machine design.

A.7: Reliability of a designed machine is concerned with the proper functioning of the elements
and the machine as a whole so that the machine does not fail in use within its designed life.
There is no single answer to this and an overall safe design approach at every stage of the design
is needed. Use of factor of safety in designing the elements is to optimize the design to avoid
over-design for reliability.

Q.8.What should be essential qualities of a rivet and its material?

Ans: From the riveting procedure it is clear that a good rivet material must be tough and
ductile. Steel (low carbon), coppers, brass are good candidates for rivets. According to
Indian standard IS: 2998-1982 the material must have tensile strength of 40 MPa and
elongation not less that 20 %. Further, the rivet shank must not be bent on itself through
0
180 without cracking in cold condition. The same test must be done for rivet elevated to
0
650 C and quenched.

Q.9.What is the uses of snap headed, counter shank headed, conical headed and pan
headed rivets?
Ans: Snap heads are used mainly for structural work and machine riveting. Counter shank
heads are employed for ship building where flush surfaces are necessary. Conical heads
are used where riveting is done by hand hammering. Pan heads are required where very
high strength is needed since they have the maximum strength, but they are very difficult to
shape.

2 Prof. Premkushwaha (SAIT) | Mechanical Department