CHAPTER ONE

General Description of the Organization

I. Back ground of the company
History
Dilla University is the 1996’s Dilla College of Teachers’ Education and Health Sciences with
Faculty of Teachers’ Education and Faculty of Health Sciences. However, in 2001, the College
was included in the newly emerging University – Debub University. In 2004 Dilla College once
again went through another phase and sprung in to a full- fledged University by the councils of
ministers regulation No 129/04. ICT center of Dilla University was established in 2006 as a
computer center, by deploying dialup connection, out-reaching management offices. Lack of
professionals characterizes the center, where instructors from mathematics and physics
departments were assigned to manage and coordinate the office. It was later in 2007 that an
optical fiber installation was activated, exploring almost all the buildings of the time. Despite the
launched developments, its functionality and perpetuity was obstructed for lack of
documentation to refer, and the temporary instability due to institutional partitioning from the
Debub University. Ever since its establishment, the center has been working closely with
different sections of the university to create awareness of ICT, giving training for some staff
members of the University, and most importantly to expand network and Internet facilities for
the University community. The office is currently established as an ICT Directorate office level
with one director five team leaders, 21 professionals and 8 technical supportive staffs.
Mission
 Develop high-tech ICT infrastructure and provide superior quality services whereby the
teaching, learning, research, and administrative activities of the university are carried out by
utilizing the resources and services efficiently and effectively.”
Vision
 To become a dynamic Directorate of ICT Excellence center propelling Dilla University to be
one of top ten Universities of East Africa in 2013.
Goal
 Ensure that ICT is fully integrated into every operations of the University in order to speed
up and improve quality of activities of Dilla University.
Core Values
 DU ICT obligations will be executed with commitment and professionalism.
 DU ICTwill maintain a sense of self respect, discipline, and responsibility.
 DU ICT commitsthem to the practice of teamwork.
 DU ICT embraces efficacy and excellence.
Main services of DUICT
 Provide sustainable and quality ICT infrastructure and improve student and staff access to
ICT resources in line with University priorities.
 Ensure all staff members are motivated and skilled in the use of ICT to spark the culture of
continuous development in ICT expertise and exposures.
 Initiate/Develop/Supervise application development for different sections of the University
and provide ongoing maintenance of both the software and the hardware.
 Building a digital teaching-learning environment both in terms of teaching-learning materials
and digital resource sharing, promoting interactive academic and professional
communications between teachers, administrative staff, researchers and students.
 Provide on time and online user support platform for the University community.
 Establish a dynamic and adaptive online University communication network serving internal
and external users.
 Expand training and consultancy wings, including income-generating schemes, gearing to
introduce and promote ICT to the internal and external community, by raising the capabilities
and efficiencies in ICT use.
 Use ICT to for e-learning, smart rooms, video conferencing and tele-medicine.
Main customers and end user of DU ICT
 The DU ICT office strives to provide quality information and communication service to the
university's community. Always there is a growing demand towards quality ICT facility.
Moreover, each day brings its own challenge and dangers towards the safe way of
communication on the internet. It is the office's ultimate objective to strive to enhance the
quality of the service and maintain the already existing service intact.
 Maintenance work for all the computers, printers and some other related electronic tools in
the university.
  Protecting computers in the university from various computer security threats.
 Developing important applications for the University.
 Providing ICT related training and consultancy.
 Facilitating teaching and learning technologies.
 Providing internet service for the university staff.
 Publishing and maintaining the university's website.
 Providing ICT support in cases of seminars, workshops and other events.
 Establishing computer laboratories and providing support.
 Facilitating the delivery of the ICT and other computer courses.
 Providing assistance in the purchase of computers and other related electronic tools.

Infrastructure DUICT Structure Training and

ICTDirectorate
and Services Consultancy
Business Applications Presidentoffice
Teaching and Support and
Team Development and
Team
Learning Maintenance
Administration Team
Technologies Team Team

Fig 1 DU ict structure

 Over all organization work flow

No Teams Input Process Output

1 Infrastruct Skilled Plan, implement and manage Create and manage
ure and professionals the Internet connectivity to the physical layer
Services on networking, have high security, internal connectivity of new
Team Electric power, communication and and existing
Networking collaboration platforms campuses, buildings,
device like, (email, portal, unified classrooms, offices
switch, Hub communication)s, online and and laboratories.
Bridge and offline backup, patch Creating acceptable
routers, cables management and end point and use policy for the
like fiber malware protection for network and Internet.
optics UTP, campus users and staff Secure the network
budget, etc… workstations, central from Internal and
Identity management external threats.
solution for existing and Monitor real time
new systems to be status of the physical
implemented. and logical
connections.
Log and audit
network access.
2 Business Software like Analyzing business Automate and
Applicatio python, processes of different facilitate the student-
ns Xampp, Lamp, sections of the university instructor
Developme Wamp, and come up with communications.
nt and Visuastudio, automation solution. Automate and
Administra Neat beans, Verify the compatibility, facilitate the full life-
tion Team sublime, scalability and Integrality cycle activities of
Notepad++, the different business students and staff
Ubuntu automation application (from enrollment to
 terminal, going to be implemented in graduation/resignatio
Adobe the University. n/retirement).
Dreamweaver, Developing or
and framework customizing
like symphony, applications
budget, Skilled
professionals
etc…
3 Teaching Software Plan, implement and manage Work with the
and developed by E-learning and Digital academic departments
Learning Application infrastructure. for course material
Technologi developer’s preparation and
es Team team, and uploading.
class materials Create the technical
from each infrastructure within
department campuses, inter-

etc campuses and inter-

universities for video
conferencing and tele-
education.

4 Support Single point of Prepare depreciation, Maintain failed office

and contact for ICT discarding and replacement equipment (printer,
Maintenan related issues, plan for equipment. UPS, computer,
ce Team problems, laptops, phones,
requests. network devices).
Taking Perform preventive
computer maintenance
related regularly.
issues/problems Keep an inventory of
from anyone in maintained and
 the university. replaced items.
5 Training Newly Arrange trainings for the Create basic
and Implemented ICT team. awareness on Internet,
Consultanc applications Plan Inter-ICT Team security, productivity
y Team Questions knowledge and exchange tools, emerging
about the new sharing. technologies and new
system from Arrange training for campus projects in ICT for
user and ICT users and staff about newly the campus users and
team. implemented and developed staff.
applications.
Table 1: Over of all organization work flow
CHAPTER TWO
Internship Experience
How did we get into the company?
As a rule of school of Technology at Dilla University the student has the right to elect the place
for internship program. This internship program is set to enhance the practical education of the
student. In case we elect the best company that provides sufficient work. Since we have
sufficient information about DU ICT we have interested to be in this company. As a result, the
institute appreciates us to find the company nearby offering legal institutional requesting letter
to host us for required periods by assigning supervisors and making the necessary follow up. By
holding this letter we request DU ICT bureau to host me. DU ICT bureau gave the positive
answer to host us for the required period.
Section of the company we have been working?
shown above DU ICT Directorate there are five teams and those work together for ICT
directorate with a different staffs.
From those teams basically we have joined the Business Applications Development
,Support and Maintenance TeamandInfrastructure and ServicesTeamwhich is
Network instaliation, configuration , management and maintenance.we worked with
them for four month.
The main purpose we have been there in DU ICT is we were very interested to participate in the
Network installation and configuration of the companies’ project. Since the company provides
the project to us, we are assigned to perform in the Network Installation and Configuration.
The main activity given to us in the company is designing and installing network. This network
is done for defferent areas in dilla university. This network installation is done for DU offices.
This Network is designed to interconnect the whole DU offices in Dilla University. Since we are
two, after the whole description of the network. The main activity is designing, installing and
Configuration of local area Network (LAN) for these DU community.
The necessary equipments (toolkits) used for network installation and configuration are given to
us by our Advisor. We have seen the given governmental office and design network for them.
After design we started our practical job.
How does the work flow look like in the company?
DU ICT is the magnificent institution that provides inconvincible services for DU communities.
The ICT DU is leaded by bureau of DU ICT directorate.
These bureaus have different professionals. These employees (professionals) are the accessories
of this company.
DU ICT is created to developed country based technologies. This ICT section facilitates the
utilization of computers to increase their productive activity and to avoid wastage of a time. This
section also gives basic computer skills how they use computers, maintaining computers,
automation and how to transfer information from one section to another section by using
networking. Most of the staffs in this section are graduates in Computer Science and Information
Technology.

Fig 2: High level map of the business process of the section work.
Tasks we have been executing?
In this company we have been executing many tasks.
We are mainly executing three tasks:-
Physical components of network and Network Installation and Configuration

Computer Maintenance

Busness Application Development

Physical components of network
Network Devices
 PhysicModems convert a computer’s digital data into a format that can be transmitted
on the ISP’s network.
 Switches microsegment LANs by sending data only to the computer that needs it.
 Wireless access points (APs) connect wireless devices. Routers use IP addresses to
forward traffic to other networks.
In a home or small office, a route often includes a switch, a firewall, and an AP
Cables and Connectors
 Coaxial and twisted-pair cables use electrical signals over copper to transmit data.
Fiber-optic cables use light signals to transmit data. These cables differ in
bandwidth, size, and cost.
 There are several types of coaxial cable: 10Base5 (thicknet), 10Base2 (thinnet), RG-
59 (cable TV), RG-6 (better than RG-59)
 Twisted-pair cables are terminated with an RJ-45 connector. Twisted-pair comes in
two types:
• Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)
• Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP)
 Fiber-optic cables are broadly classified into two types:
• Single-mode fiber (SMF) - Uses lasers to send a single ray of light that
can travel hundreds of kilometers.
 Multimode fiber (MMF) - Uses LEDs to send multiple light signals that can travel up to
550 meters.Twisted-pair is the most popular type of cabling used in LANs today.
 There are two different twisted-pair wiring schemes: called T568A and T568B.
 Each wiring scheme defines the pinout, or order of wire connections, on the end of
the cable.
 Two types of cables can be created: a straight-through cable and a crossover cable.
 A straight-through cable is the most common cable type. The wiring scheme is the
same on both sides.A crossover cable uses both wiring schemes. T568A on one end
of the cable and T568B on the other end of the same cable.
Network installation and configuration
In network installation and configuration there are so many tasks being executed, among them
these are the list:-
Crimping

Making different standard UTP cables for connecting same or different devices with each other
using tools like crimper. I develop cross over (for different devices) and strait through (for the
same devices) cables with different standards.
Trunking

A trunk is used to hold many cables together, and used to move cables from one place to another.
In trunking I did my best to help my group mates. While working on trunking the work will be
based on the floor design.
Punching

It is a task used to prepare nodes by punching the prepared cable in to the jack using a tool called
puncher and I did my best while punching.
Other than preparing nodes I made punching to prepare patch panels too, which used as a
connector with switch.
LAN Cable installation

Testing

Testing is done to check whether the cable crimp is correct or not.

The Ping Command. Using the ping command is an effective way to test connectivity. The
test is often referred to as testing the protocol stack.we know how to test using a command ping.
We can ping being in any device and by giving IP address of the device to be tested for its
correct combination.Testing Switch Connectivity Computer Maintenance
 Window installation(Operating system)of Personal Computer Systems

 Personal Computer Systems

 Cases and Power Supplies
 Cases

• Provides protection and support for internal components.

• Should be durable, easy to service, and have enough room for
expansion.
• The size and layout of a case is called a form factor.

 Power Supplies
 Converts AC power from the wall socket into DC.
 Must provide enough power for the installed components
and future additions.
Internal PC Components
 Motherboards
 The motherboard is the
main printed circuit board.
 Contains the buses, or electrical
pathways found in a computer.
Buses allow data to travel
among the various components.
 Accommodates CPU, RAM, expansion slots, heat sink/fan assembly, BIOS chip, chip
set, sockets, internal and external connectors, various ports, and the embedded
wires that interconnect the motherboard components.
Fig 3:Motherboard
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The CPU is known as the brain of the computer. It is also referred to as the processor.
The CPU executes a program, which is a sequence of stored instructions.
Two major CPU architectures related to instruction sets:
Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)
Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)
 Some CPUs incorporate hyperthreading or hypertransport to enhance the
performance of the CPU.
 The amount of data that a CPU can process at one time depends on the size of the
processor data bus.
 Speed of the CPU is measured in cycles per second-megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz
(GHz).
 Overclocking is a technique used to make a processor work at a faster speed than its
original specification.
 The latest processor technology has resulted in CPU manufacturers finding ways
to incorporate more than one CPU core onto a single chip.

Dual Core CPU - Two cores inside a single CPU

Triple Core CPU - Three cores inside a single CPU

Quad Core CPU - Four cores inside a single CPU

Hexa-Core CPU - Six cores inside a single CPU

Octa-Core CPU - Eight cores inside a single CPU



Fig 4:cpu
 Cooling Systems
Electronic components generate heat. Too much heat can damage components.
A case fan makes the cooling process more efficient.
A heat sink draws heat away from the core of the CPU. A fan on top of the heat sink
moves the heat away from the CPU.
Fans can be dedicated to cool the Graphics-processing unit (GPU).

Case Fan
 Fig 5:cooling system

 Memory (ROM and RAM)

Read-only memory (ROM)
Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the operating system are stored
in ROM.
ROM chips retain their contents even when the computer is powered down.
Random-access memory (RAM)
RAM is temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU.
RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased when the computer
is powered off.
More RAM means more capacity to hold and process large programs and files, as well as
enhance system performance.
 Adapter Cards and Expansion Slots
Adapter cards increase the functionality of a computer by adding controllers for specific
devices or by replacing malfunctioning ports.
Examples of adapter cards:
Sound adapter and video adapter
USB, parallel, and serial ports
Network Interface Card (NIC),
wireless NIC, and modem adapter
Types of expansion slots:
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
Advanced Graphics Port (AGP)
 PCI-Express
Mini PCI (laptops)

Fig 6:adpter cards

 Storage Devices
Storage drives read or write information to magnetic storage media.
They may be fixed or removable.
The hard disk drive (HDD) is a
magnetic storage device. The storage
capacity is measured in gigabytes (GB) or terabytes (TB)
Magnetic hard drives have drive motors designed to spin magnetic platters and move the
drive heads.
Solid state drives (SSDs) do not have moving parts, which results in faster access to
data, higher reliability, reduced power usage.
  A floppy disk drive (FDD) is storage device that uses removable 3.5 inch
floppy disks that can store up to 1.44 MB of data.

 Video Ports
• Connects a video system to an external display device such as a monitor or
projector
• Video systems are often designed as an adapter card.
 General Ports
• Provide connectivity between the motherboard and various external devices such
as printers, external storage and video cameras.

External Ports and Cables

 A video port connects a monitor cable to a computer. Video ports and connector
types:

DVI, Displayport, RCA, DB-15, BNC, RJ-45, MiniHDMI, Din-6

 Display cables transfer video signals from the computer to display devices. Display
cable types:

High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), DVI, Video Graphics Array (VGA),

Component/RGB, Composite, S-Video, Coaxial, Ethernet,
 Serial ports transmit one bit of data at a time.
 Atelephone cable (RJ11) is used to connect a modem to a telephone outlet.
 USB is a standard interface for connecting hot-swappable peripheral devices to a
computer. Some devices can also be powered through the USB port.
 FireWire is a high-speed, hot-swappable interface that can support up to 63 devices.
Some devices can also be powered through the FireWire port.
 A parallel cable is used to connect parallel devices, such as a printer or scanner, and
can transmit 8 bits of data at one time.
 We install operating system for different computers given to us.

Installing Different Software

Busness Application Development

In busness application development team, specially we have participated on developing
Transport and logistic management system(fleet management system) project partially.
Fleet management is the management of a transportation fleet. Fleet management
includes commercial motor vehicles such as cars,ships, vans and trucks. Fleet (vehicle)
management can include a range of functions, such as vehicle financing, vehicle
maintenance, vehicle telematics (tracking and diagnostics), driver shifting and rostering,
asset tracking, speed management, fuel management and health and safety
management. Fleet Management is a function which allows to remove or minimize the
risks associated with vehicle investment, improving efficiency, productivity and reducing
their overall transportation and staff costs. These functions can be dealt with by either
an in-house fleet-management department or an outsourced fleet-management
provider.

A complex system for fleet management is built of different segments:

1. Operational Fleet Monitoring and Management
2. Vehicle Dispatch
3. Driver Scheduling
4. Asset tracking
5. Condition based maintenance
6. Security and safety management.
Operational Fleet Monitoring and Management
The most basic function in all fleet management systems, is the vehicle tracking
component. This component is usually GPS-based. Once vehicle location, direction and
speed are determined from the GPScomponents, additional tracking capabilities
transmit this information to a fleet management software application. Methods for data
transmission include both terrestrial and satellite. Satellite tracking communications,
while more expensive, are critical if vehicle tracking is to work in remote environments
without interruption. Users can see actual, real-time locations of their fleet on a map.
This is often used to quickly respond on events in the field.Principle of geolocation
based on the GPS for the position determination and the GSM/GPRS or
telecommunication satellites network for the data transmission.
Vehicle Dispatch
Dispatch is a procedure for assigning vehicles to customers. Industries that dispatch
include taxicabs, couriers and emergency services
With vehicle dispatching, clients are matched to vehicles according to the order in which
clients called and the proximity of vehicles to each client's pick-up location. Telephone
operators take calls from clients, then enter the client's information into a computer. In
some cases, calls may be assigned a priority by the calltaker. Priority calls may jump
the queue of pending calls. A central computer then communicates with the mobile data
terminal located in each vehicle.
Driver Scheduling
Most transportation systems use software to manage the crew scheduling process.
Crew scheduling becomes more and more complex as you add variables to the
problem. These variables can be as simple as location, skill requirement, shift of work
and set roster of people. In the Transportation industries these variables become very
complex. The problem is computationally difficult and there are competing mathematical
methods of solving the problem. Although not easy to describe in one sentence, the
goal is the essentially same for any method of attacking the problem: Within a set of
constraints and rules, move a set roster of people with certain qualifications, from place
to place with the least amount of personnel and vehicles in the least amount of time.
Asset tracking
Asset tracking refers to tracking the movement of physical assets, either by scanning
barcode tags attached to the assets or by using smart tags, like 'passive' RFID. Assets
may also be tracked using devices which combine the GPS Global Positioning System
and mobile phone Cellular network and/or Satellite Phone Satellite phone technology.
The asset tracking linked to the overall fleet management system, allows to track all
goods and physical items that have been provided to a driver or loaded on a vehicle.
Condition-based maintenance

Advanced fleet management systems can connect to the vehicle's on-board computer,
and gather data for the user and the control centre. Details such as mileage and fuel
consumption, engine malfunction or failure are gathered into a global statistics scheme
that enables to implement condition-based maintenance. This maintenance is
performed after one or more indicators show that equipment is going to fail or that
equipment performance is deteriorating.
Condition-based maintenance was introduced to try to maintain the correct equipment
at the right time and is based on using real-time data to prioritize and optimize
maintenance resources. Observing the stateof the system is known as condition
monitoring. Such a system will determine the equipment's health, andact only when
maintenance is actually necessary.Security and safety management.By combining
received data from the vehicle tracking system and the on-board computer, it is possible
to form a profile for any given driver. The system will generate alarms against
predefined rules informing the driver and the control centre. Recent advances in fleet
management allow for the addition of over-the-air (OTA) security and control of fleet
vehicles. Fleet Security and Control includes security of the vehicle while stopped or not
in operation and the ability to safely disable a vehicle while in operation. This allows the
fleet manager to recover stolen or rogue vehicles while reducing the chance of lost or
stolen cargo. The additional of Fleet Security and Control to a fleet management system
gives a fleet card manager preventative measures to address cargo
damage and loss. Remote vehicle disabling systems provide users at remote locations
the ability to prevent an engine from starting, prevent movement of a vehicle, and to
stop or slow an operating vehicle. Remote disabling allows
a dispatcher or other authorized personnel to gradually decelerate a vehicle by
downshifting, limiting the throttle capability, or bleeding air from the braking system from
a remote location. Some of these systems provide advance notification to the driver that
the vehicle disabling is about to occur. After stopping a vehicle, some systems will lock
the vehicle's brakes or will not allow the vehicle's engine to be restarted within a certain
time bound.
Remote disabling systems can also be integrated into a remote panic and emergency
notification system. In an emergency, a driver can send an emergency alert by pressing
a panic button on the dashboard, or by using a key-fob panic button if the driver is within
close proximity of the truck. Then, the carrier or otherapproved organization can be
remotely alerted to allow a dispatcher or other authorized personnel to evaluate the
situation, communicate with the driver, and/or potentially disable the vehicle.

While performing the above tasks we become familiar and experienced with networking
devices/Medias and we got an experience on the factors for selecting a device for a particular
LAN.
we also observe the wide used visual studio soft ware’s available out there for business
application development.

What kind of Training we have been taking?

AirOS Introduction
AirOS is the latest evolution in ELTEL's AirOS interface, which includes new features like
AirSelect and the latest versions of AirMax and AirView. It is an advanced operating system
capable of powerful wireless and routing features, built upon a simple and intuitive user interface
foundation.
What is the purpose of this advanced operating system that is capable of powerful Wireless
and Routing Features?
• Interconnect DUICTAdministration and data centers (RIVSS, PMIS, OTRLS, IBEX, Tax
Payer, CIS, HRM, BSC Automation …etc)
What Procedures we have been using while executing our task?
We have been executing our task in a procedural way. These are the steps we are following while
Local Area Network is to be done for the offices we have been assigned:-
I. Designing the offices.

The designing of office Structures helps to know the amount of consumption of materials and it
makes our job very efficient.
II. Every Necessary toolkits, material or equipments are given to us by our advisor Mr.Awale
Mohammed.

These Necessary tools or toolkits are:-

Cable

Crimper

RJ-45 ( modular connector used for Ethernet computer network cables)

Tester

16-port switch/24-port switch

Wall outlet

Flusher

Driller

Trunk

Screw

II. Using every necessary material we are going to the practical work of the Network
installation and configuration in university.
III. Our Advisor will assign service car to us and the car driver will take us in the
working place we need.
IV. We will put the Switch on its best position
We realize that which place is comfortable and we select the best position that decreases our
consumption of material.
V. Trunking

Using our driller we can drill the wall and using screws we tight to the wall. This used to put the
cables inside the trunk.
VI. Crimping cable

Crimping cables is used to interconnect the Switch with the wall outlet.
VII.The crimped Cable Will pass through Trunk
The reason why the cable passes through the trunk is to protect the cables from any damage and
to protect the bulky cables in the office.
VIII.If wall outlet is needed, Punching is to be done
Wall outlet is the main essential tools for Network installation and configuration process. It helps
to connect computers with the switch.
IX.Crimp Cables for the available Computers
This is simply to interconnect the computers with the wall outlet.
VII. Testing

This phase is the essential phase of our job, because we are knowing whether we are correct or
not using this testing phase
VIII. Ping command

The ping command is used to know whether the computer available in the office is
interconnected or not. After all doing this the installation and configuration process will end.
In busness application development case,procedures are..
 Instal visual studio and ASP.NET
 We have created web application
 We have given name to that project,”Transport and logistic management system(fleet
management system)”.
 Start coding by adding controller
 Start coding by adding view
 Start coding by adding model class
 We have to code those class by c# language in visual studio software.
 We have to run with out debugging
 Add to local host the name of project known as transport and logistic management
system(fleet management system)
How good we are in performing our task?
Practical attachment is used to give students practical exposal of work in different organization.
During this period student is expected to attend the work of the organization like any regular
employee and perform any activities that the organization gives for him/her. The organization
also expected to make maximum effort to utilize the student’s knowledge and skill.
What we have done is is really expressive what our future is. We are really proud that we had got
so many experiences from this internship program. During our stay in DU ICTwe have got
many invincible things for our future. We are lucky Nice in performing our tasks; do you know
why did we say this? Because we have got a nice Advisor sent by Dilla university and plus
Professional officer in ICT bureau. Our Advisor is communicating with us at any time about
what to do and what to add on our task. The Amazing thing is our Advisor of the company MR.
Awale Mohammed.
In a simple word he is:-
IT Professional

Good manager

Problem solver

Without his help to as we can’t work our task perfectly.

Challenges we faced and Measures Taken
Everybody can face a challenge while performing any tasks so is it. we face so many problems
but these problems do not stopped us from executing our tasks.
Among many problems and Measures taken these are some of them:-
No. Challenges Measures Taken

1. We told to the head of the ICT

Punctuality of Employee officer and he told us that he
will Lead our groups
Employees are not punctual
and they are not on time
always.
2. We had taken the whole
Lack of Responsibility responsibility that raise on our
work flow.
However there is the resource,
nobody is responsible for
checking the resources
available.
3. We have improved our
Lack of communication skill communication skill gradually
with Employees and mask our self with the
employee of the company.
Since we don’t have a good
communication skill we got a
problem on it to communicate
with employees.
4. Nothing is done for this
Weather condition challenge

Hot weather condition is the

main challenge in dilla
university.
Table 1: Challenges and Measures Taken
CHAPTER THREE
Over all Benefit Gained from Internship Program
The main aim of this internship program is changing the theoretical education we have learned to
the practical one. The main objective of this practical attachment is to make the graduating
students to have sufficient practical experience that enables them to perform effectively on their
appropriate profession after graduation
The practical attachment is very interesting and helpful for the student. It helps the students to
observe the work environment and gain experience for their future career. It will also help the
students to solve the real world problems by applying all their knowledge they gained in their
learning time. However it is, from this internship program we have got different skills.
Skills we have got and improved in our internship program:-
Practical skills
Theoretical Knowledge
Interpersonal Communication skills
Team playing skills
Leadership skills
About Work ethics related issue
Entrepreneurship skills

Practical skills
What are practical skills?
Practical skills can be defined as the ability of an individual to perform and (or) apply things
learnt in theory or known theoretically and put them to practice in the field or in various
situations. Having practical skills means being able to use what you have learned in the
classroom in ‘real life’ situations and in work. For practical skills, you may need:
To be mobile - to be able to get around a work or study area such as a lab, workshop.
To have manual dexterity – to be able to manipulate equipment such as cameras or spanners,
or materials such as clay or food with your hands (though some people will use their mouth or
feet instead);
 To be able to keep going with a strenuous physical activity over a period of time; for example,
working in a any place;
To be able to see what you and others are doing in order to perform the practical activity
accurately and safely.

What is involved in practical activities? When carrying out practical tasks in this organization,
we have to use these things mainly:
Use the knowledge and skills your have learnt during class to complete tasks and solve
problems;
Use common sense and know when to ask for help;
Be safe. Be aware and follow health and safety policy and procedures;
Follow instructions and complete the task in line with the instructions given;
Have the confidence to take on practical tasks and responsibilities.

How to improve your practical skills in this organization?

Work experience offers a really good opportunity to put into practice what you have learned in
a real life work environment;
Get involved in practical opportunities in the community; for example, do some voluntary
work or take a Saturday job;
Develop some additional practical skills by taking a first aid course or coaching course.

Disabilities that can affect ability to participate in practical activities in this organization
Some disabilities can make it difficult for you to join in practical sessions, but this doesn’t
necessarily mean that you can’t participate.
Theoretical Knowledge
Even if we have some vision in various courses learnt in the class, briefly we know more while
we saw really. We recall and relate the theoretical knowledge with practical. While you do
something you force to refer about the subject this make you to remember and upgrade
yourself.The following are some points that help to improve my theoretical knowledge;
Learn more about various courses like network design,maintenance and Busness application
development that we faced in the company

Apply class room theoretical part to real work situations

Our design project in the company

Try to know how to configure and punch.

Interpersonal Communication skills

As a successful entrepreneur, we'll have to work closely with people – this is where it is critical
to be able to build great relationships with your team, customers, suppliers, shareholders,
investors, and more.
Some people are more gifted in this area than others, but, fortunately, you can learn and improve
these skills.
The types of interpersonal skills you'll need include:
Leadership and Motivation: Can you lead and motivate others to follow you and deliver
your vision? And are you able to delegate work to others? As a successful entrepreneur, you'll
have to depend on others to get beyond a very early stage in your business – there's just too much
to do all on your own!

Communication Skills: Are you competent with all types of communication ? You need to be
able to communicate well to sell your vision of the future to investors, potential clients, team
members, a

Finally, what I have observed was to communicate effectively, it is essential that you choose the
suitable medium. Selecting the right communication channel is like shopping in the right store. If
you select the wrong store, you will not get the items you want. Similarly, if you select the
wrong communication channel, you will not get the result you want.
Team playing skills
“Teamwork is the ability to work together towards a common vision. The ability to direct
individual accomplishments towards organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common
people to attain uncommon results.
In what way did we develop our team playing skill in Civil Service bureau?
Avoid internal politics and be loyal to the team.
Value interdependence as it is the most certain way of being a good team player and
remembers not to give up under dire circumstances but just to refocus on your thinking.
Get along with others and support them; recognize and accept their strengths and
weaknesses and you can then wear the mantle of a good team player.

Generally
I realize that actively participate in team work has make some body know more and increase
personal confidence.
I know that while working in team trying to create good team sprit always has advantage for
success.
Working together to solve problems always develops friendship and this help to handle
problems easily.
Always be honest and give appreciation to others help someone to have good relationship with
them.
I tried to make good working atmosphere and create good will to make others share their
experience.
Leadership skills
Two questions which are often asked are what exactly is a leader? And how is it different from
being a manager?
What is a Leader? andLeadership is not Management to find out more. Many people also
wonder if leadership can really be taught. People with vested interests (academics and those
offering leadership training or literature of some sort) are convinced that it can. Many successful
leaders, however, have never had any formal training. For them leadership is a state of mind, and
it is their personalities and traits that make them successful leaders.
Who did we consider to be a good leader?
Maybe it's a politician, a famous businessperson, or a religious figure.
Or maybe it's someone you know personally – like your boss, a teacher, or a friend.
You can find people in leadership roles almost everywhere you look.
However, simply having the responsibilities of a leader doesn't necessarily make a person an
effective leader. This is a shame because, with a little study, humility and hard work, all of us
can learn to lead effectively.
The main Leadership qualities we have developed from this organization:-
Integrity
Honesty
Courage
Commitment
Passion
Confidence
Positivity
Wisdom
Determination
Sensitivity

Consider some of the following tips for how to become a better leader and think about ways that
you can implement these strategies in your daily life.
1. Learn More about Your Leadership Style
Understanding your current leadership style is essential. What are your strengths? Which areas
need some improvement? One way to start assessing your skills is to take this leadership style
quiz to get a general idea of how you lead. Once you have completed the quiz, read about the
major characteristics of your dominant style. Are these qualities helping or hindering your
leadership? Once you've determine which areas need some work, you can begin looking for ways
to improve your leadership abilities.
2. Encourage Creativity
Intellectual stimulation is one of the hallmarks of transformational leadership. Followers need to
be encouraged to express their creativity. Effective leaders should offer new challenges with
ample support to achieve these goals. One way to foster creativity is to offer challenges to group
members, making sure that the goals are within the grasp of their abilities. The purpose of this
type of exercise is to get people to stretch their limits, but to not become discouraged by barriers
to success.
3. Serve as a Role Model
Idealized influence is another of the four key components of transformational leadership.
Transformational leaders exemplify the behaviors and characteristics that they encourage in their
followers. They walk the walk and talk the talk. As a result, group members admire these leaders
and work to emulate these behaviors. If you want to become a better leader, work on modeling
the qualities that you would like to see in your team members.
4. Be Passionate
Would you look to someone for guidance and leadership if they did not truly care about the goals
of the group? Of course not! Great leaders are not just focused on getting group members to
finish tasks; they have a genuine passion and enthusiasm for the projects they work on. Start by
thinking of different ways that you can express your zeal. Let people know that you care about
their progress. When one person shares something with the rest of the group, be sure to tell them
how much you appreciate such contributions.
5. Listen and Communicate Effectively
Another important characteristic of transformational leadership involves a focus on providing
one-on-one communication with group members. Good leaders should express sincere care and
concern for the members of their group both verbally and nonverbally. By keeping the lines of
communication open, these leaders can ensure that group members feel able to make
contributions and receive recognition for their achievements.
6. Have a Positive Attitude
Transformational leaders have an upbeat, optimistic attitude that serves as a source of inspiration
for followers. If leaders seem discouraged or apathetic, members of the group are likely to also
become uninspired. Even when things look bleak and your followers start to feel disheartened,
try to stay positive. This does not mean viewing things through rose-colored glasses. It simply
means maintaining a sense of optimism and hope in the face of challenges.
7. Encourage People to Make Contributions
Let the members of your team know that you welcome their ideas. Leaders who encourage
involvement from group members are often referred to as democratic or participative leaders.
While they retain the final say over all decisions, they encourage team members to take an active
role in coming up with ideas and plans. Research has shown that using a democratic leadership
style leads to greater commitment, more creative problem-solving and improved productivity.
8. Motivate Your Followers
Transformational leaders also provide inspirational motivation to encourage their followers to
get into action. Of course, being inspirational isn't always easy. Fortunately, you don't need
motivational speeches to rouse your group members. Some ideas for leadership inspiration
include being genuinely passionate about ideas or goals, helping followers feel included in the
process and offering recognition, praise and rewards for people's accomplishments.
9. Offer Rewards and Recognition
A good leader knows that offering effective recognition and rewards is one of the best ways to
help followers feel appreciated and happy. It may also come as no surprise that happy people
tend to perform better at work. leaders can help group members feel happier by offering help,
removing barriers to success and rewarding strong efforts.
10. Keep Trying New Things
Who says leadership is a one-way relationship? As you work toward honing your leadership
skills, don't forget to look to your followers for feedback an inspiration. Pay attention to the
things that have been effective in the past and always be on the lookout for new ways to inspire,
motivate and reward group
About Work ethics related issue
These are the best work ethics I have seen in the company:-
1. Strong Work Ethic
Employers value employees who understand and possess a willingness to work hard. In addition
to working hard it is also important to work smart. This means learning the most efficient way to
complete tasks and finding ways to save time while completing daily assignments. It’s also
important to care about your job and complete all projects while maintaining a positive attitude.
Doing more than is expected on the job is a good way to show management that you utilize good
time management skills and don’t waste valuable company time attending to personal issues not
related to the job. Downsizing in today’s job market is quite common so it’s important to
recognize the personal values and attributes employers want to improve your chances of job
security should a layoff occur.
2. Dependability and Responsibility
Employers value employees who come to work on time, are there when they are suppose to be,
and are responsible for their actions and behavior. It’s important to keep supervisors abreast of
changes in your schedule or if you are going to be late for any reason. This also means keeping
your supervisor informed on where you are on all projects you have been assigned. Being
dependable and responsible as an employee shows your employer that you value your job and
that you are responsible in keeping up with projects and keeping them informed of the things that
they should know about.
3. Possessing a Positive Attitude.
Employers seek employees who take the initiative and have the motivation to get the job done in
a reasonable period of time. A positive attitude gets the work done and motivates others to do the
same without dwelling on the challenges that inevitably come up in any job. It is the enthusiastic
employee who creates an environment of good will and who provides a postive role model for
others. A positive attitude is something that is most valued by supervisors and co-workers and
that also makes the job more pleasant and fun to go to each day.
4. Adaptability
Employers seek employees who are adaptable and maintain flexibility in completing tasks in an
ever changing workplace. Being open to change and improvements provides an opportunity to
complete work assignments in a more efficient manner while offering additional benefits to the
corporation, the customer, and even the employee. While oftentimes employees complain that
changes in the workplace don’t make sense or makes their work harder, oftentimes these
complaints are due to a lack of flexibility.
Adaptability also means adapting to the personality and work habits of co-workers and
supervisors. Each person possesses their own set or strengths and adapting personal behaviors to
accommodate others is part of what it takes to work effectively as a team. By viewing change as
an opportunity to complete work assignments in a more efficient manner, adapting to change can
be a positive experience. New strategies, ideas, priorities, and work habits can foster a belief
among workers that management and staff are both committed to making the workplace a better
place to work.
5. Honesty and Integrity
Employers value employees who maintain a sense of honesty and integrity above all else. Good
relationships are built on trust. When working for an employer they want to know that they can
trust what you say and what you do. Successful businesses work to gain the trust of customers
and maintain the attitude that “the customer is always right”. It is the responsibility of each
person to use their own individual sense of moral and ethical behavior when working with and
serving others within the scope of their job.
Entrepreneurship skills
Defining Entrepreneurship
Some experts think of entrepreneurs as people who are willing to take risks that other people are
not. Others define them as people who start and build successful businesses.
Thinking about the first of these definitions, entrepreneurship doesn't necessarily involve starting
your own business. Many people who don't work for themselves are recognized as entrepreneurs
within their organizations.
Regardless of how you define an "entrepreneur," one thing is certain: becoming a successful
entrepreneur isn't easy.
. What we do know is that successful entrepreneurs seem to have certain traits in common.
What are the fundamental traits of an entrepreneur?
Target came up with five:
Persuasion."The quality serial entrepreneurs displayed above others was persuasion, or the
ability to convince others to change the way they think, believe or behave,".
Leadership: "In this study, good leaders were defined as having a compelling vision for the
future, i.e., surveyors who highly ranked prompts such as: 'In the past, people have taken risks to
support my vision, mission or goals,' or 'I have been criticized for being too competitive.'"
Personal Accountability."People who are personally accountable look at obstacles as a part of
the process and, rather than give up, they are energized by them."
Goal Orientation.The researchers defined this as "energetically focusing efforts on meeting a
goal, mission, or objective."
Interpersonal Skills.These skills are "the glue that holds the other four skills together,"
Bonnstetter explains. "They include effectively communicating, building rapport, and relating
well to all people, from all backgrounds and communication styles."
CHAPTER FOUR
Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusions
When we conclude about DU ICT bureau, it is one of the large organizations in DU directorate,
that is exercising their role by working with the different section. It is also responsible in the
organizing the data, retrieve and disseminate information to the public society. This organization
has Good program planning, has good governance and the effective use of training program.
Generally, the whole experience of working and learning at the same time in such organization
was great. And it is one we will never forget. The chance to interact and to communicate
(network) with people in computer technology at this level was a great opportunity. The
company allows us to use service cars as permanent worker and they provide me computer and
basic resources like documents to understand tasks performed and their willingness to share their
knowledge was unforgettable. We saw and learn many things in this program that are tasks
performed in real work and we have increased my practical skills, team playing and
communication skills. We also understand how much work ethics is important. And we hope it
will help me in the real work on the future.
We have been working in networking department,maintenance and business application
develoment of the company, which concerns about making and developing a network
infrastructure,infrastructure of maintenance service and developing many applications for dilla
university communities. From the department we have joined we know and work hard on
the main steps of network infrastructure development.maintenance and busness application
development on task we have been assigned. From the technical proposal and financial proposal
documents we understand what they are about and what they will include in their content.
In the physical design step we know about the importance of it and how we can develop the
design. Besides side by side I work on the technical works that has to be finished before
beginning configuration like:
Crimping

Punching

Trunking

LAN Cable installation

Testing of nodes for their correct match

While performing these tasks I become familiar with devices like switches, crimper, cutter,
tester, drill, flusher, wall outlet and others that are needed for the success of the work.
In the configuration I know some about how to configure switches and host computers using
commands. In the testing phase I know some commands like Ping Command, which will be used
to test network connectivity.
In general I got my best practical skills from the company. I get good Communication skills from
employees with their personality and creativity. The management bodies also make me to be
eager for business oriented projects and to be hard work on my life with good leadership skill
and being trusted for others.
Recommendations
DU ICT bureau is good in program planning and serving official budget. But there is poor
technical work, maintenance training for employee and electronic resource. we recommend the
improvement technical work procedures, maintenance training and busness application
development for employees and electronic resources. For recommendation it is better if the
network should be maintained as well and fix for permanently.
It is the most important company in DU ICT Administration concerned with Information
Communication Technology issues. In our internship period there are good and bad sides. In the
bad side we would like to recommend the company for future students.
we see some problems in work assignment for intern students. At the first month, our
supervisor was so busy and can’t follow us well and the required materials (equipments) are not
ready for use. For this, I recommend that the company should be ready to present necessary
equipments for the coming intern students.

So many problems around employees, which they are paid low amount of salary. Some
employees do their work even entering works on time. And we think it is not fair salary
according to their work. And most of employees are leaving the company when they got a better
option in the case of income. And I recommend that they can attract more talented personnel by
increasing the salary level, there could be a better production.

In addition The UIL office has to work more on aware the supervisors from the hosting
company about the internship program. For that mentors have to know more about the program
to tell the supervisors more about the program. If these things are solved well for the next
internship, then we hope there will be no problem for both the supervisors and also it will be
good for students to know and work harder.
References
Our references are the following sites as well as some information collected manually.
www.google.com
www.cbs.et
www.direcivils.gov.et
Networking books