PAST PERFECT

Structure of the past perfect

+ Subject Auxiliary Verb in past Verb in past
participle participle
+ She Had Gone To school
I Had Verb in past Verb in past
You participle participle
He
She
+ It
They
You
We
- Subject Auxiliary Not Verb in past Complement
participle
- She Had Not Gone To school
- She Hadn’t Gone To school
I
You
He
- She Verb in past
It Had Not participle Verb in past
They participle
You
We
? Wh Auxiliary Subject Verb in past Complement ?
Questions participle

? When Had She Not Gone To school ?

? I
Had You
He
She Verb in past
It participle ?
They Complement
You
We
The auxilary verb (have) is conjugated in the past simple: had
The main verb is invariable in past participle form: -ed (or irregular)
For negative sentences we insert not between the auxiliary verb and the main verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the auxiliary verb.