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Management Accounting Concept - Theory
Management Accounting Concept - Theory
Management
Management is the process of allocating an organization's inputs, including human and
economic resources, by planning, organizing, directing, and controlling for the purpose of
producing goods or services desired by customers so that organizational objectives are
accomplished.
Accounting
Accounting is and information system that identifies, records, and communicates the
economic events of an organization to interested users.
Management Accounting
I. M Pandey - The part of accounting system which facilitates the management process of
decision-making is called Management Accounting.
3. Requirements Must follow GAAP and Need not follow GAAP or any
prescribed formats prescribed format
4. Time Focus Historical perspective Future emphasis
5. Subject Primary focus is on the Focuses on segments of an
whole organization organization
6. Frequency of Periodically on a regular Whenever needed; may not be
Reporting basis on a regular basis
7. Degree of Demands objectivity Heavily subjective
Objectivity
8. Compulsion Mandatory for external Not mandatory
reports
Management’s
Needs for financial information
Managers need financial information for the following three purposes:
First, manufacturing and service companies need product and service costing
information to identify unit cost price and fixing selling price.
Second, to accomplish their objectives, all companies need data to plan and
control operation.
Third, managers need special reports and financial analyses to support their
decisions.
Decentralization
Decentralization is the delegation of decision-making authority throughout an
organization.
1. Competence:
a. Maintain appropriate level of professional competence by ongoing
development of knowledge and skills.
b. Prepare complete and clear reports after appropriate analysis.
c. Follow applicable laws, regulations, and standards.
2. Confidentiality
a. Do not use confidential information for personal advantage
b. Ensure that subordinates do not disclose confidential information
c. Do not disclose confidential information unless legally obligated to do so.
3. Integrity
a. Do not subvert/threaten organization’s legitimate objectives
b. Recognize and communicate personal and professional limitations that would
hamper successful performance of an activity
c. Avoid conflicts of interest and advise others of potential conflicts
d. Avoid activities that could affect your ability to perform duties
e. Refrain from activities that could discredit the profession
f. Communicate unfavorable as well as favorable information
g. Refuse gifts or favors that might influence behavior
4. Objectivity
a. Communicate information fairly and objectively
b. Disclose all information that might be useful to users especially the management.