Commercial – in - Confidence

3
3.1

Site requirements for ILS

Localizer

The criteria given here are for the NORMARC localizer antenna arrays, NORMARC 3523,
NORMARC 3524, NORMARC 3525 and NORMARC 3526.

3.1.1

General levelling and grading requirements

HBK 1193

Figure 3-1 Typical layout for a Localizer antenna site

Table 3-1 Explanation for Figure 3-1

Symbol RESA Runway strip Graded part of Runway strip

Explanation Runway End Safety Area. As defined in ICAO ANNEX 14. As defined in ICAO
ANNEX 14 As defined in ICAO ANNEX 14

NORMARC 7000 ILS © 2005 Park Air Systems AS

Inst. and Comm. Handbook 21465/Rev.4.3/05-Apr-05 Page 11 of 48

Commercial – in - Confidence

Table 3-2 Grading and levelling requirements

Area “A”

Area “B” Adjacent areas to Area “A” Transition between Area “A” and Area “B”

Area “A” should be graded to be compliant with ICAO Annex 14 requirements and
recommendations for Runway end safety area as given in Annex 14 paragraph 3.4. In
addition transverse slopes should be symmetrical about the extended runway
centreline. Area “A” shall be free of localizer interference sources as trees,
buildings, fences, etc. Grading may be limited to removal of localizer interference
sources as trees, buildings, fences, etc. Site specific. Should be approved by Park
Air Systems for each specific site. Should be graded to natural surface in Area “B”
at maximum 5% slope.

3.1.2
3.1.2.1

Positioning of localizer antenna and equipment shelter.

Localizer antenna

The localizer antenna distance from the stop end of the runway must be determined
by terrain and siting conditions for each specific site. Normally the localizer
antenna array should be positioned on the extended runway centreline beyond the end
of RESA at a distance of 300m or more from the stop end of the runway. The position
of the localizer must be compliant with ANNEX 14 obstacle limitation requirements.
3.1.2.2 Localizer equipment shelter

The Localizer equipment shelter should be positioned outside Area “A”, and must be
compliant with ANNEX 14 obstacle limitation requirements. To avoid un-necessary
loss in signal strength due to cable loss, the distance between the localizer
antenna array and the localizer equipment shelter should be as small as possible.

3.1.3

Effect of scattering from buildings and other objects

To obtain a specified signal quality, the correct localizer antenna system, which
matches the layout of buildings, fences etc. at the airport, must be selected. Park
Air Systems should carry out a signal analysis for each specific site. Since the
layout and sizes of buildings etc. is different for each airport, it is not
practical to give general requirements.

3.2

Glide Path

The criteria given here are based on a Glide Path structure with maximum bends less
than ±15 µA between ILS point A and B and less than ±10 µA between ILS point B and
T.

Inst. and Comm. Handbook 21465/Rev.4.3/05-Apr-05 Page 12 of 48

NORMARC 7000 ILS © 2005 Park Air Systems AS

Commercial – in - Confidence

3.2.1

Longitudinal terrain profile requirements

HBK 1194

Figure 3-2 Longitudinal terrain profile requirements for Glide Path

Table 3-3 Symbol explanation for Figure 3-2

Symbol θ P H α

Explanation Glide Path angle. Normally 3.0° Minimum distance from Glide Path
antenna to terrain drop off Distance from Glide Path antenna along extended
reflection area to start of “horizon limitation line” Horizon limitation angle.

Table 3-4 Longitudinal terrain profile (for guidance only, depends on each specific
site)

H M-array Maximum allowable α P; α = θ/3 P; α = 0° H Sideband Reference Maximum

allowable α P; α = θ/6 P; α = 0° H Null-Reference Maximum allowable α P; α = θ/8 P;
α = 0°

365 m for θ = 3.0° θ/3 365 m 320 m 400 m for θ = 3.0° θ/6 390 m 360 m 500 m for θ =
3.0° θ/8 450 m 400 m

NORMARC 7000 ILS © 2005 Park Air Systems AS

Inst. and Comm. Handbook 21465/Rev.4.3/05-Apr-05 Page 13 of 48

Commercial – in - Confidence

3.2.2

General levelling and grading requirements

HBK 1195

Area “C” X 8°

W W

P Area “A” 60m Area “B” Area “D”

8°

Figure 3-3 Levelling and grading requirements for Glide Path

Table 3-5 Symbol explanation for Figure 3-3

Symbol D

Explanation Glide Path antenna setback from threshold. Normally approx. 290m for a
3.0° Glide Path. The distance is dependent of selected RDH, terrain slopes in Area
“A”+”B” and Glide Path angle. Distance from Runway Centreline to Glide Path
antenna. Normally 120 m. The distance must be selected to comply with ICAO Annex 14
requirements. As described for Figure 3-2. Lateral distance from Glide Path antenna
to furthermost edge of Beam Forming Area. Typical value is 30m to 60m, dependent of
Glide Path antenna system and condition of Area “C” and “D”. ± Width of Area “A” at
the base of the Glide Path antenna mast. Minimum length of W is 20m. Site dependent
distance from Glide Path antenna to edge of Area “C”. Typical value is 120m.

P E

W X

Inst. and Comm. Handbook 21465/Rev.4.3/05-Apr-05 Page 14 of 48

NORMARC 7000 ILS © 2005 Park Air Systems AS

Commercial – in - Confidence

Table 3-6 Grading and levelling requirements

Area Area “A” and Area “B” (BFA)

Description Area “A” and Area “B” are often referred to as the “Beam Forming Area”
(BFA), and shall be treated as one continuous surface except for grading
specifications within each area. The area shall be uniformly graded with a constant
average longitudinal slope and a constant average lateral slope. The lateral slope
shall normally not be greater than 1.5%. Acceptable roughness (undulations with
“wavelength” 1 - 3 meter) within Area “A” is ± 4 cm, and within Area “B” ± 15 cm.
Dimensions of Area “A” and “B” are defined in Figure 3-2 and Figure 3-3, and Table
3-3, Table 3-4 and Table 3-5. Grading may be limited to removal of objects, which
would reflect the Glide Path signal into the usable area. Grading may be limited to
removal of objects, which penetrate the “extended” Beam Forming Area up to distance
H, or penetrating the “horizon limitation line”. (Se Figure 3-2 and Table 3-3 and
Table 3-4). Should be graded to natural surface in Area “C” at maximum 5% slope for
the part that is inside the runway strip. (Ref. ICAO ANNEX 14) No specific
requirement, but transition should be as smooth as possible. The transition shall
be as smooth as possible and must comply with ICAO ANNEX 14 requirements and
recommendations for slopes on and grading of the graded portion of the runway
strip.

Area “C” Area “D”

Transition between BFA and Area “C” Transition between BFA and Area “D” Transition
between BFA and the Runway side of the Runway strip.

3.2.2.1

Specific sites - optimised M-Array Glide Path.

For a specific Glide Path site, it may be necessary or possible to deviate from
these general specifications. If the site does not fully comply with these
requirements, Park Air Systems should be consulted. Park Air Systems has a long
experience in analysing Glide Path sites, and if appropriate, optimising the
antenna feeds for M-Array type Glide Paths. Optimising the feeds for a specific
site may relax the siting requirements considerably or improve the signal quality
and possibly reduce the cost of levelling.

NORMARC 7000 ILS © 2005 Park Air Systems AS

Inst. and Comm. Handbook 21465/Rev.4.3/05-Apr-05 Page 15 of 48

Commercial – in - Confidence

- Page intentionally blank -

Inst. and Comm. Handbook 21465/Rev.4.3/05-Apr-05 Page 16 of 48

NORMARC 7000 ILS © 2005 Park Air Systems AS