Chapter - 6 Socioeconomic Profile of The Project Area

Consultancy services for the preparation of Feasibility Study Report for two laning
Socioeconomic
with paved (Rigid/Flexi) shoulder of selected stretches of state highways under
Profile
Package- II (Sultania-pipalkheda-Salaiya Road)
CHAPTER – 6
SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA
6.1. GENERAL
6.1.1. The Project State
The proposed Sultania-pipalkheda-Salaiya Road is located in Vidisha District of Madhya
Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh, in its present form, came into existence on November 1, 2000
following its bifurcation to create a new state of Chhattisgarh. The undivided Madhya Pradesh
was founded on November 1, 1956. It is one of the 29 states of India. It is a state in central
India. Its capital is Bhopal. Nicknamed the "heart of India" due to its geographical location in
India, Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state in the country by area. With over 72 million
inhabitants, it is the sixth largest state in India by population. It borders the states of Uttar
Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to
the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest. Madhya Pradesh, because of its central location in
India, has remained a crucible of historical currents from North, South, East and West. The
state is located between 21.2° N & 26.87° N latitude and between 74°02' E - 82°49' E
longitude. The total area of the State is 308,252 sq. km. The state has several rivers such as
Narmada, Tapti, Chambal, Shipra, Parbati, Sone, Betwa, Ken etc. District Map of Madhya
Pradesh is shown in Fig-6.1
Fig 6.1: District Map of Madhya Pradesh
Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 1

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6.1.2. A Glimpse of the Project Influence Area

The project influence area of the proposed Sultania-pipalkheda-Salaiya Road is traverses
through the district of Vidisha. The population and employment and other socio-economic
features of this district, which get influenced with the construction of the project road, is
given in the Table below.

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Profile
6.1.3. The District of Vidisha
Vidisha district, a part of Bhopal division is a district of Madhya Pradesh with its
administrative headquarters located at Vidisha city. For the first time in 1904 the district was
formed by joining the tehsils of Vidisha and Basoda which did not include the Basoda State
since at that time it was a part of Gwalior state. Earlier, the district was popularly known as
"Bhilsa district".
When India got its independence in 1947, after that the former princely state of Gwalior came
under the Madhya Bharat state, established in 1948. In 1949 when some small princely states
of Kurwai State were added in the Bhilsa district and it became enlarged. The present Vidisha
district was emerged in the map of Madhya Pradesh state in 1956, when Madhya Bharat state,
Bhopal State, the tehsil of Sironj, then part of Rajasthan state and previously part of the
princely state of Tonk, were all merged into Madhya Pradesh state.
Again, after sometime Sironj tehsil and the small pargana of Piklone from Bhopal state were
both added into Vidisha district. Geographically, the district lies at 23°53'N latitude, 77°82'E
longitude and 424 m Altitude. The district encompasses a geographical area of 7,371 sq km
and it is bounded by Ashoknagar district on the North East, Raisen district on the South, Guna
district on the North West and Bhopal district on the South West. The climate of the district
remains extremely hot during the summer but its nights are generally pleasant. The actual
rainfall in the district was 1519.4 mm in the year of 2016-17.
Administration wise, the district is divided into 10 tehsils namely Vidisha, Sironj, Basoda,
Kurwai, Lateri, Shamshabad, Nateran, Tyonda, Gyaraspur and Gulabganj. Moreover, it
comprises 7 towns and 1614 villages. There are 2 Lok Sabha seat and 5 Assembly
constituencies in the district.
The major religions in the district are Hindu and Muslim with 88.25% and 10.25% of the total
population respectively. Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of the district. Most of
the people of in the district are engaged in agriculture in order to earn their livelihood. Its
main source of irrigation for the high quality production is Betwa River. The chief agricultural
products in the district are maize, sorghum, soybean, wheat, gram, etc.
The district is scantily industrialised but some small scale industries of soap, detergent,
pesticide, silk, chemical, etc are available in it. Every year an amount of revenue comes from
these industries helps in its economy to a great extent. The tourism sector of the district is also
quit developed, which provides livelihood for few section. In the year 2012-2013 the gross
domestic product in the district was Rs 6,29,214 lakh at current price.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.census2011.co.in

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Fig 6.2: Map of Vidisha District

6.2. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
6.2.1. Population
Madhya Pradesh is the sixth largest state in India by population. Total population of Madhya
Pradesh as per 2011 census is 72,626,809 of which male and female are 37,612,306 and
35,014,503 respectively. The growth rate of the population in the decade 2001-2011 is
20.35%.According to the Census 2011, the density of population in Madhya Pradesh is 236
people per square kilometre which is lower the national average of 382. The literacy rate in
the state has gone up in recent years and yet continues to linger at 69.32% which is below the
national average of 74%. Male literacy stands at 78.73 percent while female literacy is at
54.49 percent. The sex ratio is 931 which are below the national average of 940. Rural-Urban
population ratio in the State is 72.4: 27.6. As per census 2011, the population of scheduled

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Profile
castes and scheduled tribes is 15.61 and 21.09 percent respectively, of the State's total
population as against the national average of 16.33 and 8.63 percent.
According to 2011 census the district has a population of 14,58,875 (persons) including
7,69,568 (males) and 6,89,307 (females). The district has a sex ratio of 896 females for 1000
males. In the year 2001-2011 the population growth rate in the district was 20.09% (persons)
out of which 18.79% (males) and 21.57% (females).
Table 6.1: Demographic Profile of the Project State & Project Influence Area
Source: Census of India

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Profile
The population of Madhya Pradesh consists of a number of ethnic groups and tribes, castes
and communities, including the indigenous tribals and relatively more recent migrants from
other states. The scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes constitute a significant portion of
the population of the State. The main tribal groups in Madhya Pradesh are Gond, Bhil, Baiga,
Korku, Bhadia (or Bhariya), Halba, Kaul, Mariya, Malto and Sahariya. Dhar, Jhabua and
Mandladistricts have more than 50 percent tribal population.
In Khargone, Chhindwara, Seoni, Sidhi, Singrauli and Shahdol districts 30–50 percent
population is of tribes. According to the 2001 census, the population of the tribals in Madhya
Pradesh was 12,233,000, constituting 20.27% of the total population. There were 46
recognised Scheduled Tribes and three of them have been identified as "Special Primitive
Tribal Groups" in the State.
Due to the different linguistic, cultural and geographical environment, and its peculiar
complications, the diverse tribal world of Madhya Pradesh has been largely cut off from the
mainstream of development. Madhya Pradesh ranks very low on the Human Development
Index value of 0.375 (2011), which is below the national average. According to the India State
Hunger Index (2008) compiled by the International Food Policy Research Institute, the
malnutrition situation in Madhya Pradesh was "extremely alarming", receiving a severity
rating between Ethiopia and Chad. The state rank is also the worst performer in India, when it
comes to female foeticides.
6.2.2. Population Growth
The growth rate of population in the State has been higher than that of the country. Decadal
growth of population in the state as compared to all India is given in the Table Below.
Table 6.2: Decadal Variation of population Growth
India Madhya Pradesh
Census Decadal Decadal
Year Population Variation Population Variation
(%) (%)
1901 238,396,327 12,679,214
1911 252,093,390 5.75 14,249,382 12.38
1921 251,321,213 -0.31 13,906,774 -2.40
1931 278,977,238 11.00 15,326,879 10.21
1941 318,660,580 14.22 17,175,722 12.06
1951 361,088,090 13.31 18,614,931 8.38
1961 439,234,771 21.64 23,217,910 24.73
1971 548,159,652 24.80 30,016,625 29.28
1981 683,329,097 24.66 38,168,507 27.16
1991 846,421,039 23.87 48,566,242 27.24
2001 1,028,737,436 21.54 60,348,023 24.26
2011 1,210,854,977 17.70 72,626,809 20.35

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Fig 6.3: Comparison of Decadal variation of Population growth rates

6.2.3. Urbanisation
There are 4 towns with more than 10 lakh population and 1 town within the population of 5
lakh to 10 lakh in the State. About 32 percent of the urban population is living in 5 towns. The
distribution of urban population in the State and in the PIA is presented below.
Table 6.3: Distribution of Urban Population in the State & the PIA
Figure 6.4: Comparison of distribution of Urban Population between the State & the
PIA

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Profile
6.2.4. Population & Workers and Work Participation

Agriculture and related activities are the main source of employment in the state as well as in
the Project Influence Area (PIA). In the PIA, worker populations are 37.73% of the total
population. About 30.63% of the workers are cultivators, 41.48% are agricultural labourer,
2.25% is engaged in household works and 25.63% are engaged in other jobs. Work
participation rate in the case of PIA districts is lower than that of State level of 37.73%.The
distribution of workers according to the category of employment in the Project influence State
and the PIA is provided in the Tables below.
Table 6.4: Workers and Sector of Employment - A Comparative Analysis, Project State & PIA
House
State / Total Total Agricultura Other Non-
Cultivators Hold
PIA Population Workers l Workers Workers Workers
Workers
M.P 72626809 31574133 9844439 12192267 959259 8578168 41052676
State (%) 43.47 31.18 38.61 3.04 27.17 56.53
Vidisha 1458875 550402 168615 228308 12408 141071 908473
Total in
1458875 550402 168615 228308 12408 141071 908473
PIA
PIA (%) 37.73 30.63 41.48 2.25 25.63 62.27
Table 6.5: Type & distribution of workers within the Project State & PIA
Total Total Marginal

State / PIA Main Workers Non Workers
Population Workers Workers
M.P. 72626809 31574133 22702119.00 8872014.00 41052676
% 43.47 71.90 28.10 56.53
PIA 1458875 550402 779093.00 152296.00 908473
% 2.009 37.73 141.55 -41.55 62.27
Fig 6.5: Employment Scenario in the State & the PIA

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Fig 6.6: Category-wise distribution of workers in the State & the PIA
Fig 6.7: Type workers in the State & the PIA

6.2.5. Languages
Our state Madhya - Pradesh is a center part of India. Madhya - Pradesh is surrounded by
seven states, therefore many languages are spoken by the people of Madhya - Pradesh.Hindi
is the common language of Madhya - Pradesh, apart from Hindi, other languages are
Urdu,Malvi,Nimadi,Bundeli,Bagheli,Avadhi.Gondi, Katlo, Bhili,Nihali and Korku are the
some other languages spoken in tribal areas.These are languages are spoken at different parts
or regions of Madhya - Pradesh.
1) Hindi- Hindi is the primary language of Madhya - Pradesh and spoken in almost all parts of
Madhya - Pradesh.There are so many poets and writers are belonging to this state.Hindi is
most common language which is spoken in government and private schools,colleges,offices
and homes.Every year "Hindi - Diwas" is celebrated on 14th september in Madhya-Pradesh to
promote and respect this language. It is also the national language of India.It is one of the
ancient language in the universe.
2)Urdu- Urdu is not common language as Hindi.It is basically spoken in those parts of
Madhya-Pradesh that are mainly dominated by communities belonging to the Muslim

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religion.Urdu is mainly spoken in the Bhopal which is the capital city of Madhya-
Pradesh.Other than bhopal it is also spoken by the people of Kurwai and Buhranpur.
3)Malvi-Malvi is mainly spoken the peoples who are belonging the Malwa region.Malvi is the
Rajasthani language and spoken in the parts of Madhya-Pradesh those are very close to
Rajasthan state. As we know the boundaries of Rajasthan and Madhya-Pradesh closely
touching each other.
4)Nimadi- Nimadi is spoken by the peoples who are belonging to the Nimar region of
Madhya-Pradesh.Nimar region is lies at the adjacent to Maharshtra state and situated at the
south of the Malwa region.Nimadi is spoken in Barwani, East and west Nimar, and in some
parts of Dhar,harda and south dewas districts.
5)Bundeli- Bundeli is spoken in the regions those are very close to Uttar-Pradesh state.These
regions are commonly known as Bundelkhand.Bundeli is the second most spoken language of
Madhya-Pradesh.The major towns where the Bundeli is spoken are Jhansi, Datia, Tikamgarh,
Rath, Lalitpur, Sagar, Damoh, Orai, Panna, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Banda, Jabalpur, Narsinghpur
and Chhatarpur.
6)Bageli-Bageli is spoken in Bagelkhand region which is situated at Northeastern region of
Madhya-Pradesh.Bagelkhand region includes Anuppur, Rewa, Satna, Shadol, Sidhi, and
Umaria districts of Madhya-Pradesh.In these districts the Bageli is commonly spoken by the
peoples.
7)Gondi,Katlo,Bhili,Nihali and Korku are the other languages spoken specially in Tribal areas
of Madhya-Pradesh.
In Vidisha District Principal Languages (2001) are Hindi (95.52%), Urdu (4.02%), Marathi
(0.15%), Sindhi (0.11%), Punjabi (0.06%) and Malayalam (0.02%)
6.2.6. Culture
Three sites in Madhya Pradesh have been declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO: the
Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986) including Devi Jagadambi temple, Rewa, Buddhist
Monuments at Sanchi (1989) and the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003). Other
architecturally significant or scenic sites include Ajaigarh, Amarkantak, Asirgarh,
Bandhavgarh, Bawangaja, Bhopal, Vidisha, Chanderi, Chitrakuta, Dhar, Gwalior, Indore,
Burhanpur, Maheshwar, Mandleshwar, Mandu, Omkareshwar, Orchha, Pachmarhi, Shivpuri,
Sonagiri, Mandla and Ujjain.
Madhya Pradesh is noted for its classical and folk music. Some of the noted Hindustani
classical music gharanas in Madhya Pradesh include the Maihar gharana, the Gwalior gharana
and Senia gharana. Two of the medieval India's most noted singers, Tansen and Baiju Bawra,
were born near Gwalior in present-day Madhya Pradesh. Noted Dhrupad exponents
Aminuddin Dagar (Indore), Gundecha Brothers (Ujjain) andUday Bhawalkar (Ujjain) were
also born in present-day Madhya Pradesh. The birthplaces of noted playback singers Kishore
Kumar (Khandwa) and Lata Mangeshkar (Indore) are also located in MP. The local styles of
folk singing include Faga, Bhartahari, Sanja Geet, Bhopal, Kalbelia, Bhat/Bhand/Charan,
Vasdeva, Videsia, Kalgi Turra, Nirgunia, Alha, Pandwani Gayan and Garba Garbi Govalan.

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Owing to its rich cultural background, Indore Festivals are celebrated with great zest and are
one of the main attractions of the city. Though growing westernization has been a reason
behind the celebration of events like Valentine's Day, Friendship Day and New Year's Eve,
Indore has not lost its traditional values. The city still celebrates a host of traditional festivals
which originated centuries back. All national festivals, like Diwali, Holi, Eid-ul-Fitr and
Rakhi, are also celebrated in Shahdol with the same enthusiasm as in the other parts of
Madhya Pradesh as well.
Vidisha people celebrate native functions and festivals with heavy pomp and show, enjoying
folk music and dances. Dussehra, Makar Sankranthi, Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi are among the
widely celebrated festivals where traditional Mridang music and several folk dance forms
including matki, gangaur during Dussehra, badhai, baredi etc. are performed by both men and
women. The exquisiteness of the bamboo and cane works, folk paintings and unique metal
and ornament crafts brings to life the unique antiquity of the region.
6.2.7. Religion
According to the census of 2011, 90.89 % of the MP residents followed Hinduism, while
others are Muslim 6.57 % Jain 0.78 % Christians 0.29 % Buddhists 0.30 % and Sikhs 0.21 %.
The principal communities inhabiting Vidisha at 2011 Hindu (88.25%), Muslim (10.25%),
Jain (1.27%), Christian (0.09%), Sikh (0.06%) and Buddhist (0.02%)
6.3. ECONOMIC PROFILE

6.3.1. General
The state has an agrarian economy. The major crops of Madhya Pradesh are wheat, soybean,
gram, sugarcane, rice, maize, cotton, rapeseed, mustard and arhar. Minor Forest Produce
(MFP), such as tendu leaves used to rolbeedi, sal seed, teak seed, and lak also contribute to
state's rural economy. Madhya Pradesh has 5 Special Economic Zones (SEZs): 3 IT/ITeS
(Indore, Gwalior), 1 mineral-based (Jabalpur) and 1 agro-based (Jabalpur). Indore is the major
commercial centre of the state. Because of the state's central location, a number of consumer
goods companies have established manufacturing bases in MP. The state has the largest
reserves of diamond and copper in India. Other major mineral reserves include those of coal,
coal-bed methane, manganese and dolomite.
The state's tourism industry is growing, fuelled by wildlife tourism and a number of places of
historical and religious significance. Sanchi and Khajuraho are frequented by external
tourists. Besides the major cities, Bhedaghat, Bhimbetka, Maheshwar, Mandu, Orchha,
Pachmarhi, Kanha and Ujjain are the other popular tourist destinations.
6.3.2. Net State Domestic product (NSDP)
State Domestic Product (SDP) and Per Capita Income (PCI) reflect overall performance of
economy of the State and also the wellbeing of the people during a given period of time.
However, the State's economy being largely agrarian, growth of State Domestic Product is
largely dependent on agriculture production, which is subjected to wide fluctuations,

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depending on the monsoon conditions. The year-wise estimates of Net State Domestic
Product (NSDP) and Per Capita Income (PCI) are given in the Tables below.
Table 6.6: Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Constant and Current Prices
NSDP Year 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
NSDP India 24,143 26,015 28,067 30,332 31,754 33,901 36,202 38,048 38,856
capita
INR at Madhya
Constant 15,442 15,927 17,073 17,572 19,462 20,959 21,706 23,272 24,867
Pradesh
prices
NSDP India 24,143 27,131 31,206 35,825 40,775 46,249 54,021 61,855 67,839
capita
INR at Madhya
Current 15,442 16,631 19,028 20,935 25,278 28,651 32,453 37,180 43,426
Pradesh
prices
Table 6.7: Per Capita Income (PCI) at Current Prices
Source: Economic Review, Govt of M.P
Fig 6.8: Comparison of Per Capita Income between India & the State

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The above table reveals that the Net State Domestic Product (NSDP), popularly known as
"State Income" has been manifesting an upward trend (at current prices) over the years. The
Per Capita Income of India is been greater than the State.
Sectoral distribution of state income to primary, secondary and tertiary sector is provided in
the Table below.
Table 6.8: NSDP of Madhya Pradesh at Factor Cost by Industry of Origin at Current
Prices (In Lakh Rs)
6.3.3. Agriculture & Allied Sector

Agriculture plays a vital role in the economic development of the State and continues to be
the backbone of State's economy in terms of employment and contribution to State Domestic
Product. The agriculture scenario in the State is characterized by its dependence on the
monsoon, which as mentioned earlier, is highly inadequate, erratic and aberrant in nature.
Irrigation is an essential input for agriculture production. The ground water, owing to scanty
and erratic rainfall, is getting depleted dangerously. This situation, to a great extent, is
responsible to put agriculture, dependent upon the vagaries of monsoon
Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of the district. Most of the people of in the district
are engaged in agriculture in order to earn their livelihood. Its main source of irrigation for the
high quality production is Betwa River. The chief agricultural products in the district are

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maize, sorghum, soybean, wheat, gram, etc. The district is scantily industrialised but some
small scale industries of soap, detergent, pesticide, silk, chemical, etc are available in it. Every
year an amount of revenue comes from these industries helps in its economy to a great extent.
The tourism sector of the district is also quit developed, which provides livelihood for few
section. In the year 2012-2013 the gross domestic product in the district was Rs 6,29,214 lakh
at current price.
6.3.4. Agro-climatic zones & Crop Zones

The state can be divided in 11Agro-climate regions and 5 crop zones.
Table 6.9: District-wise classification along with soil type and normal rainfall range
Agro- Rainfall
Sl Crop
Climatic Soil Types Range District Covered
No. Zones
Zones (mm)
Chhattisgarh Red & Yellow 1200 to
1 Rice zone Balaghat
plains (Medium) 1600
Red & Yellow,
Northern Hill
Medium black & 1200 to Shahdol, Mandla, Dindori,
2 Do- Region of
skeltal 1600 Anppur, Sidhi (Partly), Umaria
Chhattisgarh
(Medium/light)
Kymore Mixed red and Rewa, Satna, Panna, Jabalpur,
Wheat- 1000 to
3 Plateau & black soils Seoni, Katni, Sidhi (except
Rice Zone 1400
Satpura Hills (Medium) Singroli tehsil of Jabalpur)
Central
Wheat 1200 to Narsinghpur, Hoshangabad,
4 Narmada Deep black (deep)
zone 1600 Sehore (Partly), Raisen(Partly)
Valley
Bhopal, Sagar, Damoh, Vidisha,
Medium black &
Wheat Vindhya 1200 to Raisen, (except Bareli,Teh.),
5 deep black
zone Plateau 1400 Sehore (except Budni Teh.),
(Medium/Heavy)
Guna (Partly)
Gwalior, Bhind, Morena,
Sheopur-Kala, Shivpuri, (except
Wheat 800 to Pichore, Karera, Narwar,
6 Gird Region Alluvial (Light)
-Jowar 1000 Khaniadana Teh.), Guna (except
Aron, Raghogarh, Chachoda
Tehsil), Ashoknagar
Wheat Mixed red and 800 to Chhattarpur, Datia, Tikamgarh &
7 Bundelkhand
-Jowar black(Medium) 1400 Shivpuri (Partly)
Satpura Shallow black 1000 to
8 Do- Betul & Chhindwara
Plateau (Medium) 1200
Mandsaur, Neemuch, Ratlam,
Cotton Malwa Medium black 800 to Ujjain, Dewas, Indore, Shajapur,
9
Jowar Plateau (Medium) 1200 Rajgarh & Dhar (Partly), Jhabua
(Partly)
Khandwa, Burhanpur, Khargone,
Medium black 800 to
10 Do- Nimar Plains Barwani, Harda , Dhar
(Medium) 1000
(Partly)District.
Medium black
800 to Jhabua District (except Petlawad
11 Do- Jhabua Hills skeletal
1000 Tehsil) & Dhar(Partly)
(Light/Medium)

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The project influence area falls under Vindhya Plateau Region with soil category of Medium
black & deep black (Medium/Heavy).
6.3.5. Agricultural Profile

The state has a net cultivable area of 152.23 lakh hectare. Area sown in Kharif Season (2013)
is 123.8 lakh hectares where as in Ravi season it was 113.33 lakh hectares. Cropping intensity
of the state in the year of 2013 was 155%whereas in the PIA it was 122%. Rain fed area was
63.5 for the state and for the PIA it was 44.4. Details of the agricultural profile of the state and
the PIA (Data: 2013) is given below.
The economy of the district is mainly dependant on agriculture and the total agricultural land
is 788,416 hect. Under grain cultivation total area is 247,595 hect. in which, wheat in 242,856
hect. and soyabeen in 242,251 hect. is grown. In the same manner pulses like gram in
166,197 hect. and other plues in 168,863 hect. is being grown. In district both autumn (kharif)
and spring (rabi) crops are being produced. Among rabi crops wheat is the most important
crop followed by gram. Jowar is the largest kharif crop of the district.The average production
of crops per hect. is wheat 2,031 kg., gram 1,038 kg.,and soyabeen 1,155kg.
Table 6.10: Agricultural Profile of the State & the PIA
Source: http://agricoop.nic.in/
6.3.6. Agricultural Production

Nationally, Madhya Pradesh plays a very important role in the agriculture sector. Currently
(2006- 07), Madhya Pradesh produces around 13.75 million tonnes of food grains and about
5.81 million tonnes of total oilseed (soyabean production is 4.785 million tonnes). The state
produces 22.7 per cent pulses, wherein production of gram is highest at 40.4 per cent, and
soyabean production at 55.0 per cent. Similarly, its oilseed production is 25 per cent in the
country’s total production. The diverse climatic and soil conditions make it possible to grow a
broad range of agricultural products. The state has 11 agro-climatic zones and 5 crop zones
(rice, though much reduced after division of the state, still covers the second largest
agriculture area kharif after soyabean, rice- heat, wheat, wheat-jowar and cotton-jowar). But
one has to be cautious as productivity of the major crops in Madhya Pradesh is low compared
to national figures except the yield of pulses, where it has maintained a record of high
productivity over the decade and more.

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Early agriculture was depending much on rains and irrigation was largely carried through
well and streams. Irrigation in the district was appreciable enough in absolute terms when the
area in 2008-2009 amounted to 1,69,108 hectares which proportionately came to 27.99 per
cent of the net sown area in that year.
At the end of 2008-09 due to the expansion in well irrigation system covered 1,22,606
hectares. By the source of tube wells 31,166 hectares and by canals 1,303 hectares followed
by 11,495 hectares by other sources of irrigation. Through the sources of ponds 2,538
hectares of land was irrigated. There were 36 Government and private canals, 11,592 tube
wells, 87,397 wells and 60 ponds in the district in the year 2008-2009. Thus the well is still
far and most important source of irrigation. Tube well digging, lift irrigation system,
canalization and construction of dams have been developed by the Government which
enhance agricultural production. The cost of land has doubled than that of the rates of
seventies.
6.3.7. Animal Husbandry &Dairy Development

An important component of agricultural diversification is animal husbandry including
dairying and poultry which hold immense promise for improving the rural livelihoods by
providing additional source of income and employment, especially to landless and small and
marginal farmers. Proper development of this sector will require attention not only to
technology, processing and marketing arrangements but also to issues of animal welfare. In
particular, disaster management programmes for livestock need to be devised since such asset
loss can drive the poor into destitution.
Dairying is equally important sector of rural economy providing not only the calorie value but
offering additional employment opportunities, particularly in the lean season of agriculture.
With a view to directly involve the milk producers in organised dairy development activities,
a World Bank assisted programme was launched based on the celebrated “Anand Pattern”.
This programme envisaged dairy development on cooperative lines in 9 districts of Madhya
Pradesh clubbed into three milk sheds viz. Bhopal, Indore and Ujjain. Based on the initial
success of the World Bank assisted project, Operation Flood II Programme was initiated in the
year 1980-81 in four milk sheds of Gwalior, Jabalpur, Raipur and Sagar covering 29 districts.
Cattle constitute the wealth of the cultivators. A tenant’s capacity for sound economic life
depends to a large extent upon them. In the district, the entire livestock population in the year
2011-12 consisted of 850,909 heads, out of which 604,665 belong to cow-dynasty 172,926
buffalo-breed, 373 sheep, and 72,326 goats. To provide medical aid and assistance, there are
11 Veterinary Hospitals and 64 Veterinary dispensaries in the district. At the end of 2011-12,
33862 cattle were treated and provided medical aid, 1,749 cattle were sterilized and 9,536
cattle were artificially inseminated in the district. 87,758 cattle were served for protection
from various diseases like Viderpest, Hemorrhagic Septicemia infections, anthrax which are
very common diseases, which affect the livestock. To improve poultry production
Government established a district poultry unit. They are reared for domestic and commercial
consumption of meat and eggs.

Socioeconomic
Profile
Of late, the dairy development functions have been merged with Animal Husbandry
Directorate.
6.3.8. Fisheries
Inland fisheries are an integral component of rural development programmes in Madhya
Pradesh. It is gaining importance for its potential for employment and income generation. It is
one of the important aspects of agricultural diversification which hold promise for improving
not only the rural livelihoods but urban as well.
Madhya Pradesh possesses 2.84 lakh hectare of water area in the form of large, medium and
small irrigation reservoirs, village and private ponds, out of which 2.37 lakh water area, at
present is under fish culture.
Besides, the state has major rivers viz. Narmada, Tapti and Mahi and their tributaries forming
a network of 17088 kms. Fishing in rivers is free for the members of scheduled castes and
scheduled tribe communities. The fishing in these waters is on decline due to lack of any
regulation. Out of 2.03 lakh hectare of water area of the reservoirs brought under fish culture,
ten reservoirs having a water area of 1.21 lakh hectares is with M.P. Fisheries Federation Ltd.
A total of 0.11 lakh hectare water area is with the Fisheries Department for research, training
and seed production purposes. The fishing in these water bodies is done on royalty basis for
which Fisherman Cooperatives pay a nominal royalty to the department and the fish is
marketed by the society. About 0.27 lakh hectares area has been leased out to the fisheries
cooperatives by Panchayats on 7 to 10 years lease for fish culture and fish production as per
guide lines laid down by the department.
Development of fisheries on a planned scientific basis with the aid of Government started. In
the rivers fishes mostly found are carp. Gyaraspur tank is being based for fisheries
development. Five varieties have been found in the district. They are Catla, Labeo rohita,
labeo calbasa, Cirrhina mrigul and Barbh stor.
6.3.9. Forestry
Out of the total geographical area of 308.24 thousand Sq. Km, the forest area covers 95.20
thousand sq.km constituting 30.90 per cent of the total geographical area of the state.
However, its productive capacity and actual production nowhere compares with its proportion
or extent. About 40 per cent of these forests support economically important species such as
teak, sal and bamboo. Forests are prime source of non-tax revenue of the state which is
evident from the fact that in the year 1998-99 the gross revenue earned was Rs. 369.96 crore
which increased to Rs. 442.09 crore in the year 2000-2001.
The state has the large tribal population along with the substantial population of marginal
farmers and landless labourers whose dependence on forest for employment, small timber,
fuel, fodder and food is an acknowledged fact. The cattle population of the state estimated to
be about 3.49 crore is largely dependent on forest for grazing. Large fuel wood removal and
heavy grazing (even by hoards from neighbouring states like Rajasthan, Gujrat) caused
denudation of forests, seriously affecting their renewability and productive capacity.

Socioeconomic
Profile
The forests of the district form a part of Raisen forest division and cover 15.78 per cent of the
total area of the district. They mostly occupy the hill ranges and steep slopes both on the trap
formation and on the Vindhyan sandstones. The forests in the district are Southern Tropical
Dry Deciduous group with small extent of Dry Deciduous scrub forests, Teak (Tectona
grandis), salai (Bosewellia Serrata) khair (Acacia Catechu), palas (Butea Monosperma),
dhaora (Anogeissus Latifolia) are some of the important species found in the district. Good
quality teak forests are found in Sironj sub-division. Medium and poor quality teak forests are
found in Sanchi sub-division. Mixed forests are found in both these sub-divisions with
different combinations of trees depending upon the soil. Those on trap formations have a
predominance of salai (Boswellia Serrata) mixed with teak (Tectona grandis). Such forests are
conspicuous near Tinsia, Mohanpur, Phati Dant and mostly along Dudhia river. Mixed forests
are found on Vindhyan standstone which are mostly in Gyaraspur and Shamshabad ranges and
have mixed species of trees but without teak. On the laterite soils mostly in Sironj range, there
is a predominance of khair (Acacia catechu) and palas (Butea monosperma) trees. Other
species like mahua (Madhaca latifolia), aonla (Emblica Officianalia), achar (Buchanania
latifolia) etc., are also found in the mixed forests in the district. Bamboo forests also occur in
small patches in a narrow belt on either side of Dudhia river in Lateri range. Grass is also very
common in the district.
6.3.10. Industries
Madhya Pradesh is among the fastest growing states in the country. At current prices, the
Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Madhya Pradesh for 2013-14 was US$ 74.8 billion.
Between 2004-05 and 2013-14, the CAGR for GSDP was 16.6 per cent.
Madhya Pradesh is rich in natural resources - fuels, minerals, agriculture and biodiversity. The
state represents 8.3 per cent of the country's coal reserves and has 144 BCM of proven coal-
bed methane reserves. The state also has the largest reserves of diamond and copper in India,
apart from significant reserves of limestone, manganese and dolomite.
Madhya Pradesh offers various fiscal and policy incentives for businesses under the Industrial
Promotion Policy, 2010 & Action Plan, besides policies for IT, biotechnology, tourism and
special economic zones (SEZs). To attract investors and promote entrepreneurs, the state
government has appointed TRIFAC, an agency to facilitate a single-window mechanism, for
speedy approvals of various clearances and permissions.
The state’s industrial base is quite diverse and vibrant. Industry is largely resource-driven,
leveraging the state’s natural wealth in the form of limestone, coal, iron ore, silica, bauxite,
soya, cotton, etc. Therefore, the state has a strong industry base in sectors like cement, steel,
textile and soya processing. Important and well-known companies having their manufacturing
bases include ACC (cement), Bajaj Tempo (automobile—utility and LCVs), Cadbury India
(confectionary), Coca Cola (beverages), Eicher Motors (automobiles—commercial vehicles),
Grasim Industries, (cement, textile, fibric, viscos staple fibre), HLL (synthetics detergent)
IPCA laboratories (pharmaceuticals), Kinetic Motor Company (automobiles—two wheelers),
Nicholas Piramal (pharmaceuticals) Proctor and Gamble (detergents), Ranbaxy Laboratories
(pharmaceuticals),Ruchi Soya Industries, JP Associate, Bridgestone, Lupin (pharmaceuticals),
Vardhaman Textiles and National Fertiliser Limited. In Madhya Pradesh, there is a strong

Socioeconomic
Profile
auto, auto ancillary and pharmaceutical sector. Three major central government undertakings
—Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Nepa Mills and a Central Bank note press at
Dewas are located in the state. Various central ministerial undertaking in the state is as
follows:
1. Security Paper Mill, Hoshangabad,
2. Ordinance Factory, Itarsi,
3. Ordinance Factory, Katni,
4. Ordinance Factory, Khamariya, Jabalpur,
5. Defence Vehicle Factory,
6. Gun Carriage Factory, Jabalpur,
7. Telecom Factory, Jabalpur,
8. Rail Coach Repair Workshop, Bhopal,
9. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Bhopal.
There is no heavy industry in Vidisha district. A large establishment called Madhya Pradesh
Lamp industry, Vidisha under Madhya Pradesh State Industries Corporation was established.
It spread over 10 hectare land on Sanchi road. Tubelights and bulbs are the main product of
the factory. Another large scale industry is Madhya Pradesh Board and Paper Mills, Vidisha.
This factory manufactures straw board and mill board pulp. Standard flour and oil mills at
Ganjbasoda manufacture vegetable oil, oil cakes, wheat products and grain products.
Registered units were 8,688 in the district by the end of year 2011-12. These small scale units
are mostly located in Vidisha, Basoda and Sironj tahsils of the district. The main products are
agricultural instruments, pesticide medicine, copy paper, wooden &steel furniture, Ready-
made garments & embroidery, Engineering & servicing and Repairing & servicing etc.
Details of Existing Micro & Small Enterprises and Artisan Units in the PIA District are given
below.
Table 6.11: Existing Large, Micro & Small Enterprises and Artisan Units in the PIA
District Area
Details of Existing Micro & Small Enterprises and Artisan Units in the District
Type of Industry Number of Units

Agro based 413
Food processing 4
Soda water -
Cotton textile -
Woolen, silk & artificial Thread based clothes. -
Jute & jute based -

Ready-made garments & embroidery 413
Wood/wooden based furniture 413
Paper & Paper products 165
Leather based 83
Chemical/Chemical based 828

Socioeconomic
Profile
Rubber, Plastic & petro based -

Mineral based -
Metal based (Steel Fab.) 827
Engineering units 2480
Electrical machinery and transport
-
equipment
Repairing & servicing 1820
Others 827
Total 8273
Source: msme Vidisha District
Large Scale Industries / Public Sector Undertakings

Nil
Road Network
It is the basic strength for synthesized growth of any state. Madhya Pradesh takes pride in
being the heartland of India on account of its central position, national trunk routes, North-
South and the East-West corridors, pass through the state. But it is ironical that despite its
central location Madhya Pradesh, which should have become one of the most well connected
states of the country, has been bypassed in terms of National Highways and other future
projects undertaken. Figures show that out of 200 Highways only 18 criss- cross Madhya
Pradesh. Out of 13252 km of proposed Golden Quadrilateral (GQ), North- South (N-S), and
East-West (E-W) corridors, only 621 km (4.68%) would pass through the state.
Faced with this situation, the Government of Madhya Pradesh has undertaken several
strategic measures for achieving objective of providing quality road connectivity. A special
purpose vehicle company, M.P. Road Development Corporation Ltd. (MPRDCL) was
incorporated on 14th July, 2004. The state promulgated the Highway Acton 02.07.2005 and
has notified MPRDCL as a State Highway Authority. MPRDC has been assigned the role of
developing projects on BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer), with the assistance of ADB and
through State Budget funds. It is primarily focusing on maximizing private sector
participation in the development of roads. Construction, up-gradation and maintenance of
roads is a gigantic challenge. To meet this challenge, the state has adopted an innovative
strategy of private participation. More and more roads are being developed on a Build-
Operate-Transfer basis.
Viability Gap Funding is being provided to the concessionaires for the development of Roads
which are not fully viable on toll basis through Govt. of India and the State Government.
Besides this 4384.48 km of State Highways are taken up for development with ADB loan.
MPRDC has taken up 1587.80 km of the State Highways to develop on regular contract basis
through State Budget. MPRDC has taken up development of MDRs having a length of
2168.20 km on BOT (Toll/Annuity/Toll + Annuity) basis and National Highways having the
length of 1459.77 km on BOT basis, MPRDC has also proposed the maintenance of several
roads on OMT (Operate, Maintain & Transfer) basis.
In the light of changing role of Public Works Department (PWD) as an agency for managing
the implementation of projects through private investments and large Construction and

Socioeconomic
Profile
Operation & Maintenance (O & M) contracts, the expertise and capability of the department
are being improved.
Table 6.12: Length wise distribution of different roads in the State`
Total Length Total Length

Type of Road (km) in State (km) in Vidisha
National Highways 4709 70
State Highways 10859 267.1
Major District Roads 19574 523.39
Village Roads 24209 1477.22
Rail Network
Vidisha is on Bhopal-Bina line of west central railway at a distance of 53 km. from Bhopal,
Delhi -Chennai and Delhi-Mumbai trains pass through the district. Direct trains are available
to Ujjain, Indore in west, Delhi and Gwalior in the north, Mumbai in south-west, Chennai in
south, and Bilaspur, Raipur in south-east. In the district Vidisha, Sumer, Gulabganj, Pabai,
Ganjbasoda, Bareth and Kurwai, Kethora Kalhar stations are located. Total railway line in the
district is 76 km.

Socioeconomic
Profile
Airways
Vidisha is well connected by railway but there is no air strip in the district.
6.3.11. Mineral Resources

Minerals in Madhya Pradesh occur in abundance in its several districts. The state of Madhya
is said to have a favourable geotectonic setting that accommodates every episode of
mineralisation the earth has experienced. It includes the occurrences of almost all varieties of
minerals required as industrial input in the growing economy. 16 major minerals are
considered of specific importance as they contribute significantly in development of economy
of the state. These include the Limestone, Bauxite, Coal, Manganese ore, Diamond, Base
metals, Dolomite, Rock Phosphate and Granite. Others include Marble, Flagstone, Slat,
Calcite, Quartz, Silica sand, Molybdenum and Fire clay. Limestone forms an important
segment of mineral resources of Madhya Pradesh.
The district provides inexhaustible reserves of building materials as described below.
Limestone:- Limestone deposite is found 58 km. from Ganjbasoda railway station covering
an area of one acre. Aluminous laterites were found near Konkargarh and Isarwa’s in Sironj
sub-division.
Laterite:- There are large capping of laterite in the district. The soft rock has also been widely
used as a road metal.

Socioeconomic
Profile
Clay:- White clay in reported from the place near Kurwai. The clay varies a good deal in
colour due to iron stainings.
Iron ore:- There are occurrences of laterite of highly ferrugindus composition spread over an
area of the district. The mineral resources of the district are not of much importance from the
point of view of industrial potential.
Details of reserve of important minerals of the state are provided in the table below.
Table 6.13: Reserves of Important Minerals of Madhya Pradesh
(Source: Indian Bureau of Mines Mineral Year Book 2011)
Reserves ( Proved + probable) Percentage of

S.No. Mineral Unit
India Madhya Pradesh Country's Reserves
1. Diamond Thousand Carats 1045.31 1045.31 100%
2. Pyrophyllite Million tones 23.27 14.64 62.91%
3. Diaspore Million tonnes 28.59 1.45 5.07%
4. Copper Ore Million tonnes 394.37 198.319 50.28%
5. Dolomite Million tonnes 738.18 82.43 11.16%
6. Rock Phosphate Million tonnes 34.77 18.14 52.17%
7. Manganese Ore Million tonnes 141.97 34.99 24.64%
8. Coal Million tonnes 251472.70 21063.03 8.37%
9. Limestone Million tonnes 14926.39 1651.82 11.06%
10. Coal Bed Methane Bcm 1434.00 144.00 10.00 %
6.3.12. Tourism
Madhya Pradesh is called the Heart of India because of its location in the centre of the
country. It has been home to the cultural heritage of Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Innumerable
monuments, exquisitely carved temples, stupas, forts & palaces are dotted all over the state.
Madhya Pradesh was awarded the Best Tourism State Award in 2012.
The natural beauty of Madhya Pradesh is equally varied. Consisting largely of a plateau
streaked with the hill ranges of theVindhyas and the Satpuras, the State has everything. The
hills give rise to the main river system - Narmada and the Tapti, running from east to west,
and the Chambal, Sone, Betwa, Mahanadi west to east. Spectacular mountain ranges,
meandering rivers dotted with hills and lakes and miles and miles of dense forests offering a
unique and exciting panorama of wildlife in sylvan surroundings.
One third of the state is forested and offers a unique and exciting panorama of wildlife. In the
National Parks of Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Shivpuri and many others one has the rare
opportunity to see the tiger, the bison and a wide variety of deer and antelope in sylvan
surroundings.
Although the modern state of Madhya Pradesh came into being in 1956, its cultural heritage is
ancient and chequered. Innumerable monuments, exquisitely carved temples, stupas, forts and

Socioeconomic
Profile
palaces on hilltops, rise in the visitors mind visions of empires and kingdoms, of the great
warriors and builders, poets and musicians, saints and philosophers; of Hinduism, Buddhism,
Jainism and Islam. The famous Sanskrit poet-dramatist Kalidasa and the great musician of the
Mughal court, Tansen, were from Madhya Pradesh. They are known all over the world.
Three sites in Madhya Pradesh have been declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO:
 The Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986)
 Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989)
 The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003)
Other architecturally significant or scenic sites include Amarkantak, Asirgarh, Bawangaja,
Bhopal, Chanderi, Chitrakuta, Deorkothar, Dhar, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, Maheshwar,
Mandleshwar, Mandu, Omkareshwar, Orchha, Shivpuri, Sonagiri and Ujjain.
Madhya Pradesh is home to several National Parks, including Bandhavgarh National Park,
Kanha National Park, Satpura National Park, Sanjay National Park, Madhav National Park,
Van Vihar National Park, Mandla Plant Fossils National Park, Panna National Park, Pench
National Park etc.
The district has several centres of attractions which allures numerous travellers from different
parts of the country as well as world. Bijamaṇḍal, a large temple in the district was built in the
late Paramara period. The Archaeology department of India believe that it was started to build
in the second half of the 11 th century but unfortunately it was never finished. Maladevi
temple, situated on the slope of a hill is a wonderful temple. In the temple there is a Hindola
Torana meaning an ornamental entrance arches, which leading to a large temple dedicated
either to Lord Vishnu or to Lord Trimurti. Girdhari Temple, located at Sironj in the Vidisha
district has the temples of Jatashankar and Mahamaya, which are believed to be ancient and
pious. Pilgrims from far off places comes to this temple to offer their prayers. Some other
notable places of interest in the district are Bajramath temple, Udayeshwara temple, Gadarmal
temple, Holiodorous Pillar, Udaigiri Caves, Shalbhanjika, etc.

Chapter - 6 Socioeconomic Profile of The Project Area

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Chapter - 6 Socioeconomic Profile of The Project Area

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Consultancy services for the preparation of Feasibility Study Report for two laning

Fig 6.1: District Map of Madhya Pradesh

Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 1

6.1.2. A Glimpse of the Project Influence Area

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6.1.3. The District of Vidisha

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Fig 6.2: Map of Vidisha District

Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 4

Source: Census of India

Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 5

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Fig 6.3: Comparison of Decadal variation of Population growth rates

Source: Census of India

Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 7

6.2.4. Population & Workers and Work Participation

Total Total Marginal

Fig 6.5: Employment Scenario in the State & the PIA

Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 8

Fig 6.7: Type workers in the State & the PIA

Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 9

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6.3. ECONOMIC PROFILE

Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 11

Table 6.7: Per Capita Income (PCI) at Current Prices

Source: Economic Review, Govt of M.P

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6.3.3. Agriculture & Allied Sector

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6.3.4. Agro-climatic zones & Crop Zones

Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 14

6.3.5. Agricultural Profile

Table 6.10: Agricultural Profile of the State & the PIA

6.3.6. Agricultural Production

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6.3.7. Animal Husbandry &Dairy Development

Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 16

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Type of Industry Number of Units

Woolen, silk & artificial Thread based clothes. -

Jute & jute based -

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Rubber, Plastic & petro based -

Source: msme Vidisha District

Large Scale Industries / Public Sector Undertakings

Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 20

Table 6.12: Length wise distribution of different roads in the State`

Total Length Total Length

Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 21

6.3.11. Mineral Resources

The district provides inexhaustible reserves of building materials as described below.

Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 22

Table 6.13: Reserves of Important Minerals of Madhya Pradesh

(Source: Indian Bureau of Mines Mineral Year Book 2011)

Reserves ( Proved + probable) Percentage of

Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 23

Jan-19 Revision: R0 Ch:6/Page 24

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