SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH,

PARCEL G, PERSINT 1, 62520

WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN PUTRAJAYA

Chapter 1

INTRODUCING TO SCIENCE

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Introducing Science

What is Science?

Science Laboratory

Steps in Scientific Investigation

Physical Quantities and Their Units

The Use of Measuring Tools

Weight and Mass

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What is Science?
Science is the systematic study of nature and how it effects us and our
environment.

Important is science.

• Understand ourselves. Knowing how our body work.

• Understand our environment. This helps us to improve the
quality of our environment and conserve it for our future
generation.
• Makes our life more comfortable.

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Careers in science.

Computer programmer
Vetenarinarian

Doctor

Careers in
science

Pharmacist Chemist
Engineer

Architect
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Areas of study.

Biology
Biochemistry

Physics

Areas of
Meteorology study

Chemistry
Geology Astronomy

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Science Laboratory

1. Laboratory is the place where a scientist works.

2. Carrying out experiments is interesting and exciting. However, some
chemicals used may be dangerous and poisonous.
3. To prevent injury to oneself and others, one needs to know the
general rules and safety precautions in a laboratory.

Click here to see the rules and safety precautions in the laboratory.

Click here to see the general laboratory apparatus and their uses.

Click here to see the hazard warning symbol

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Rules and safety precautions in the laboratory.

- Never enter the laboratory unless a teacher is present.

- Do not eat, drink or taste any chemicals.
- Always follow the teacher’s instruction.
- Never touch chemicals with your bare hands. Use a spatula.
- Read the label on a reagent bottle before using its content.
- Turn of the bunsen Burner after use.
- Do not pure back any unused chemical into its bottle.
- Do not throw solid wastes into the sinks.
- Wash and keep all apparatus after use.
- Do not run or play in the laboratory.
- Do not taste anything without the teacher’s permission.
- Report any breakages to the teacher.
- Keep the bench clean and tidy.
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General laboratory apparatus and their uses.
Hazard warning symbols BACK

SYMBOL EXAMPLES PROPER HANDLING METHOD

Explosive Explodes easily when mixed with other substances

Follow instructions given
Potassium, sodium, concentrated acids and alkalis, when handling the
mixture of hydrogen and air. substance.

Flammable Catches fire and burns easily

Petrol, ethanol, kerosene, methylated spirit, white Keep away from fire and
heat sources
phosphorus, yellow phosphorus.

Toxic or Causes death or harm to the body

Do not taste these
poisonous Mercury, sodium cyanide, hydrogen sulphide, lead, substance
benzene, chlorofrom, bromine Keep under lock and key

Corrosive Causes damage to the skin or eyes upon contract

Concentrated acids and alkalis, bromine, hydrogen Avoid direct contract with
peroxide. the skin or eyes

Irritant or Irritates (cause itchiness and rashes) eyes, skin and Avoid inhalation
respiratory system.
harmful Ammonia, alcohol, bromine vapour, chlorine, Use in a fume chamber
chloroform according to the
instruction given.
Radioactive Emits radiation that can destroy body cells/tissues Keep in lead containers
Uranium, plutonium, radium, thorium
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Steps in Science Investigation

Identify the problem Forming the hypothesis

Carrying out the experiment Planning an experiment

Analysing and interpreting data Making a conclusion

Writing a report on the experiment

Physical Quantities and Their Units

Physical quantity SI unit Symbol A physical quantity is a

Length metre m quantity that can be measured

Mass kilogram kg
Time second s Prefix Symbol Numerical value

Temperature kelvin K giga G 1 000 000 000

mega M 1 000 000
Electric current ampere A
kilo k 1 000
deca da 10
deci d 0.1
centi c 0.01
mili m 0.001
Prefixes are useful in expressing physical quantities
that are either very big or very small. micro µ 0.000 001
nano n 0.000 000 001
pico p 0.000 000 000 001
Weight and Mass