Quick Guide into ISO 14692

for GRE pipe and fittings

1. Introduction

The ISO (International Standards Organization) 14692 standard is an international

standard dealing with the qualification, manufacturing, design and installation of
GRE piping systems. This document gives a brief summary of the ISO 14692 standard
only and is not intended to replace the ISO 14692 standard.

To ensure a trouble free GRE piping system, three

important conditions must be met:
1. Use qualified products
2. Proper system design
3. Install according to manufacturers
standards and guidelines Qualification System design
Trouble-
The above mentioned three points are addressed in the free pipe
ISO 14692 Standard in Part 2, Part 3 and Part 4, respectively.
system

Installation
Figure 1. The key to success

Content

1. Introduction 1
2. What is ISO 14692? 2
3. Part 1: Vocabulary, Symbols, Applications and Materials 3
4. Part 2: Qualification of Components 3
5. Part 3: System Design 5
6. Part 4: Fabrication, Installation and Operation 7
7. Conclusion 9
8. ISO in Brief 9
9. References 9
10. Deviations List to the ISO Quality Program 10
2. What is ISO 14692?

ISO 14692, is an international standard dealing with the

qualification of fittings, joints and pipes for certain applications.
It describes how to qualify and manufacture GRP/GRE pipe
and fittings, how to conduct system design, and finally it gives
guidelines for fabrication, installation and operation.

The ISO 14692 consists of four parts:

Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials
Part 2: Qualification and manufacture
Part 3: System design
Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation

ISO 14692-2, ISO 14692-3, ISO 14692-4, follow each

individual phase in the life cycle of a GRP/GRE piping system,
i.e. from design through manufacture to operation. Each part is
therefore aimed at the relevant parties involved in that
particular case. It is primarily intended for offshore applications
on both fixed and floating topsides facilities but also may be
used as guidance for the specification, manufacture, testing
and installation of GRP/GRE piping systems in other similar
applications found onshore.

NOV Fiber Glass Systems has obtained a Design Examination

Statement from DNV. This examination statement consists of
a combination of two specifications namely: ISO 14692 and
AWWA M45. ISO 14692 covers the design of suspended pipe
systems and the qualification of GRP/GRE products, AWWA
M45 covers the design and installation of buried pipe systems.
Together these specifications cover all design and installation
aspects. In cases where the specifications conflict, the ISO
14692 supersedes the AWWA. Therefore, on the basis of this
design examination statement, the scope can include both
applications of GRP/GRE piping systems onshore (buried and
suspended).

Main users of the ISO 14692 document are: governments,

end users, engineering companies, inspection companies,
manufacturers, installers.

The advantages of the ISO 14692 standard are:

- Standardizing principles, norms, working methods
- Allows everybody to have the same understanding
- Main engineering and installation of GRP/GRE issues are
handled
- Accepted by all engineering companies, third party
Photo 1. Platform under construction
inspection companies and governments
- Accepted in Europe by convention of Vienna and equal to
CEN-standards
- Everybody speaks the same language

The disadvantages of the ISO 14692 standard are:

- Needs thorough studying, the standard is certainly difficult
- For qualification, expensive tests are required
- Expensive quality control requirements.

2
3. Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials

• Impregnate = Saturate the reinforcement with a resin
• LTHP = Extrapolated long-term mean static failure pressure
of a component with free ends based on a 20-year lifetime
• Part factor f1 = Ratio of the 97,5% confidence limit of the
LTHP to the mean value of LTHP
• Part factor f2 = Derating factor related to confidence in the
pipe work system, the nature of the application and the
consequence of failure
• Part factor f3 = Factor that takes account of
non-pressure-related axial loads, e.g. bending
Furthermore, some general applications for GRP/GRE piping
are given.
The first part of the ISO 14692 gives the terms, definitions and
symbols used.
A few examples of common used abbreviations are given:
• Composite pipe = Pipe manufactured using fiber reinforced
thermoset plastics
• GRP = Glass Reinforced Plastics
• GRE = Glass Reinforced Epoxy
• Lower confidence limit, LCL = 97.5% confidence limit of the
long-term hydrostatic pressure or stress based on a 20-year
lifetime.
• Jet fire = Turbulent diffusion flame resulting from the
combustion of a fuel continuously released with significant
momentum in a particular range of directions

4. Part 2: Qualification of components

Part 2 of the standard gives requirements for the qualification 4.2 Qualification program
and manufacture of GRP/GRE piping and fittings. An extensive qualification program is required to determine
the performance of the GRP/GRE components with respect to
4.1 Wall thickness limitations pressure, temperature, chemical resistance, fire performance,
The structural calculations given in this part of ISO 14692 electrostatic performance, impact etc.
are only valid for thickness-to-diameter ratios that are in
accordance with Equation (1). What has to be done to qualify a GRP/GRE piping system?
( tr / D ) ≤ 0,1
where tr is the average reinforced thickness of the wall, in For each product family (component type), a full regression
millimetres, i.e. excluding liner and added line according ASTM D-2992 must be determined (witnessed
thickness for fire protection; by third party for example: DNV, Bureau Veritas). The test
D is the mean diameter, in millimetres, of the consists of at least 18 samples. The test pieces are plain end.
structural portion of the wall. The test setup is a closed end pressure vessel. Samples are
subject to different pressures and held at pressure until failure.
In order to provide sufficient robustness during handling
and installation, the minimum total wall thickness, tmin, of all
components shall be defined as:
For Di ≥ 100 mm: tmin ≥ 3 mm
For Di < 100 mm: ( tmin / Di ) ≥ 0,025 mm

where Di is the internal diameter of the reinforced wall of the

component, in millimetres.

For more onerous applications, for example offshore,

consideration should be given to increasing the minimum wall
thickness to 5 mm.

The minimum wall thickness of the pipe at the joint, i.e. at

the location of the O-ring or locking-strip groove, shall be at
least the minimum thickness used for the qualified pipe body.
Depending on location, the system design pressure and other
design factors can significantly increase the required wall
thickness. Figure 2. Regression curve

3
The test medium is water at 65 degrees C. The required failure
mode is weeping.
The failures shall be in different decades of the log-log plot of
time vs. stress. Figure 2 gives an example of a regression line.
Table 1. Overview of Product Sectors
Diameter (mm) Pressure range (bar)
0 - 50 50 - 100 100 -150 >_ 150
25 - 250 A H N S
250 - 400 B I O T
400 - 600 C J P
600 - 800 D K Q A product sector contains all the items within its diameter and
800 - 1200 E L R pressure range, the so called component variants. Component
Photo 2. Spool for 1000 hours testing
Photo 3. Overview of elbows needed for qualification up to 8 inch
4
Each product family (pipe, elbow, reducer, tee, flange) is
divided into product sectors. Two representative samples,
usually the largest diameter and highest pressure class, from
each product sector are taken and fully tested according
ASTM 1598 (1000 hrs at 65 C). The test medium is water.
The representative samples are called the product sector
representatives.
For calculation of the test pressure, the regression line of the
pipe or the fitting is used. In absence of a regression line, a
default value can be obtained from a table given. For details
on the calculation, see the ISO document. In general, the
1000 hour test is performed at about 2.5 to 3 times the design
pressure. A 20 bar system is tested around 50 to 60 bar.
variants are qualified by either two 1000 hour tests or through
the scaling method.
For quality control, short-term tests could be performed, if
required and agreed with the principle. These are done to
establish a baseline value for quality control.
Other aspects to be considered are: the glass transition
temperature, the glass resin ratio and component dimensions.
These have to be determined from the replicate samples and
used by quality control during production as base line values.
4.3 Fire performance
If required, fire testing shall be conducted on each piping
material system. The performance of the piping system shall
be qualified in accordance with the ISO procedure and a
classification code shall be assigned.
4.4 Electrical conductivity
If required, testing shall be carried out on each piping
material system. The performance of the piping system shall
be qualified in accordance with the ISO procedure and a
classification code shall be assigned.
4.5 Quality program for manufacture
The piping manufacturer shall have a suitable and accredited
quality assurance and quality control system.
Pipe and fittings furnished to ISO 14692 shall be tested
according to the ISO standard. See Chapter 10 for the list of
deviations to the quality program.
Table 2. Overview of Required Qualification Tests

Product sector A Test standard Pipes Elbows Tees Flanges

Component variant 2 inch ASTM D-1598 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling
Component variant 3 inch ASTM D-1598 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling
Component variant 4 inch ASTM D-1598 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling
Component variant 6 inch ASTM D-1598 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling
Product sector
representative 8 inch ASTM D-2992 2 2 2 2
Family representative ASTM D-2992 18 18 18 18
QC baseline ASTM D-1598 5 5 5 5

5. Part 3: System design

5.1 Introduction/abstract 5.4 Hydraulic design

The design guidelines are handled in part 3 of ISO 14692. The
designer shall evaluate system layout requirements such as:
• Space requirement (fitting dimensions)
• Piping system support
• Vulnerability
• The effect of fire (incl. blast) on the layout requirements
should be considered
• Control of electrostatic discharge (depending on service
and location)
5.2 Layout requirements
In general the same types of fittings available in steel are also
available. Note that the dimensions of some GRP/GRE fittings
can be larger compared to steel fittings.
5.3 Support distance
Recommendations for system support:
• Supports spaced to limit sag (< 12.5 mm)
• Valves and heavy equipment to be supported
independently
• In general, connections to metallic piping systems shall be
anchored
• Do not use GRP/GRE piping to support other piping
• Use the flexibility of the material to accommodate axial
ex­pansion, provided the system is well anchored and
guided
The aim of hydraulic design is to ensure that GRP/GRE piping
systems are capable of transporting the specified fluid at the
specified rate, pressure and temperature throughout their
intended service life.
Factors that limit the velocity are:
• Unacceptable pressure losses
• Prevention of water hammer
• Prevent cavitation
• Reduction of erosion
• Reduction of noise
• Pipe diameter and geometry (inertia loading)
Fluid velocity, fluid density, interior surface roughness of pipe
and fittings, pipe length, inside diameter as well as resistance
from valves and fittings shall be taken into account when
estimating pressure losses. The smooth surface of the GRP/
GRE pipe may result in lower pressure losses compared to
metal pipe.
A full hydraulic surge analysis shall be carried out if pressure
transients are expected. The analysis shall cover all anticipated
operating conditions including priming, actuated valves, pump
testing, wash-down hoses, etc.

5
5.5 Structural design 5.6 Stress analysis
The aim of structural design is to ensure that GRP/GRE piping Manual or computer methods can be used for structural
systems shall sustain all stresses and deformations during analysis of piping systems.
construction/installation and throughout the service life.
Caesar II (by Coade) is commonly used to perform stress and
Piping system design shall represent the most severe flexibility analysis. The piping system can be evaluated for
conditions experienced during installation and service life. several load-cases. Load-cases can be setup from
Designers shall consider loads given in Table 1 in the combinations of pressure, temperature, weight, wind load,
ISO document. displacement, and earthquake, etc. With the calculation output,
the stresses in the piping system, the displacement, the loads
Sustained loads: on the support, the load on equipment nozzles etc., can be
• Pressure (internal, external, vacuum, hydro-test) checked.
• Mass (self-mass, medium, insulation, etc.)
• Thermal induced loads
• Soil loads and soil subsidence
Occasional loads:
• Earthquake
• Wind
• Water hammer

The sum of all hoop stresses and the sum of all axial stresses
in any component in the piping system shall lie within the long-
term design envelope.

5.5.1 Determination of the failure envelope and

the long-term design envelope
In the ISO14692 document, an algorithm is given how to
determine the failure envelope and how the long-term
design envelope is developed.

• Determine the short-term failure envelope (1 or 2)

• The idealized long-term failure envelope (3) is
geometrically similar to the short-term envelope with all
data points being scaled. This scaling factor (fscale) is
derived using the long- term regression line
• The non-factored, long-term design envelope (4) is based
on the idealized long term envelope multiplied by the part
factor f2
• The factored long-term design envelope (5) is derived
by multiplication with A1, A2 and A3, where A1 is the
de-rating factor for temperature, A2 is the de-rating factor
for chemical resistance and A3 is the de-rating factor for
cyclic service.
Figure 3. Allowable stress curve
Photo 4. Installation of 54 km 18 inch pipe, pressure rating 20 bar
5.7 Fire performance
The fire performance requirements of the piping system shall
be determined.
Fire performance is characterized in two properties:
• Fire endurance (ability to continue to perform during fire)
• Fire reaction (ignition time, flame spread, smoke and heat
release, toxicity)
If piping cannot satisfy the required fire properties, the
following shall be considered:
• Rerouting of piping
• Use alternative materials
• Apply suitable fire-protective coating

5.8 Static electricity

The use of a conductive piping system might be considered
in case the GRP/GRE piping system is running in a hazardous
area or if the pipe is carrying fluids capable of generating
electrostatic charges.

6
6. Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation
6.1 Introduction
Part 4 of ISO 14692 gives requirements and recommen­dations
for fabrication, installation and operation of GRP/GRE pipe
systems.
Past experience with GRP/GRE projects shows that a great
deal of the problems that occur are associated with bad
fabrication and installation.
A highly recommended approach to a successful installation is be installed by qualified GRP/GRE pipe fitters and thereafter
to order the piping system as a set of pre-fabricated spools, to approved by a qualified GRP/GRE piping inspector.
the maximum extent possible. This will reduce the possibility of
poor fabrications or repairs at a very late and potentially costly Definitions:
stage of the project.
Photo 5. Hydro-test of spool
6.2 Fabrication and installation
What further can be done to prevent site problems?
6.2.1 Inspection
It starts with checking the incoming goods
• Check supplied quantity
• Check nominal dimensions of supplied material
• Check supplied pressures class
• Perform a visual control of supplied material (transport
damage, impact)
• Check if storage is correct
• Check availability of documentation (packing lists,
certification)
Handling and storage of the incoming goods
• Use the NOV Fiber Glass Systems lifting, loading and
unloading procedure
• Storage. Pay attention to the stacking of the pipe; support
width and stacking height, end protection of pipe and fittings
• Preferably, pipe should be transported in containers or
crates
• Pipe spools. Take care that impact damage is prevented by
proper packaging and use of protection material. In all cases
pipe spools should not be stacked
• Adhesives. Check recommended storage temperatures
• O-rings, gaskets etc. shall be stored in a cool place, free
from UV radiation, chemicals etc
6.2.2 Installer requirements
When site fabrication is needed, all GRP/GRE components shall
Pipe fitter
Person working for a contractor, who is responsible for the
construction of the GRP/GRE pipe system, must be able to make
the relevant joint types according NOV Fiber Glass Systems
procedures. This certificate can be compared to a welder’s
certificate.
Supervisor
Person who is responsible for the quality of the installation and
is able to check the quality of the work done by the pipe fitters.
This person is normally employed by the responsible
contractor, for example as a foreman. This certificate is a
personal certificate.
QA/QC Inspector
Person who is able to check and judge the work of contractor
and is able to globally verify the soundness of the installation.
This includes lay-out related matters such as support
construction and location, flange connections etc. Can be
employed by client, contractor, third party (BV, DNV, Lloyds). This
certificate is a personal certificate.
Photo 6. Typical work of a GRE pipe fitter
Training of pipe fitter
• The quality of the joints is mainly dependent on craftsmanship
of the pipe fitter. Therefore, ISO 14692 demands that
the qualification organization is independent of the
organization that carries out the training. In the case of NOV
Fiber Glass Systems, the independent organization is DNV.
The training consists of a theoretical and a practical part
• The theoretical part will end with a written exam for which
a 70% pass mark is required. The practical part will end
with making a joint that will be hydro-tested according the
requirements of the ISO 14692. These tests are witnessed
7
 by a third party. When passing both exams the pipe fitter will 6.2.5 Visual inspection
receive a pipe fitter certificate issued by DNV Visual inspection shall be carried out on all joints and surfaces.
Possible defects, along with acceptance criteria and corrective
• The purpose of the entire training is to teach the pipe fitter actions, are given in the ISO document.
those things he or she can have influence on E.g.:
• Impact > replace (major defect) or repair (minor defect)
Training of Supervisor - QA/QC inspector
• NOV Fiber Glass Systems and DNV are developing an
individual certification for Supervisor - QA/QC inspector
based on ISO 14692 requirements. The objective is to train
Supervisor - QA/QC inspectors on aspects like storage,
inspection of pipes and fittings, supporting, jointing, and
hydro testing in such a way that they can act as Supervisor
- QA/QC inspector on a GRE pre-fabrication and installation
job. An important factor is that they also learn what can go
wrong. The educating company will be NOV Fiber Glass
Systems, as they have in contrast to most institutes a large
knowledge obtained over decades, in this particular area. The
examination committee will be DNV. The certificate that can be
obtained will be a personal certificate.

6.2.3 Installation methods

Installation method shall be according manufacturers approved
installation manual.

Supporting
• Follow the installation guides from the Manufacturer
• Other guidelines not different from the NOV Fiber Glass
Systems procedures are given in the ISO 14692

Installation
General requirements are given in ISO 14692 for the
installation of GRP/GRE components such as bending,
bolt-torquing, tolerances, earthing of conductive piping, joint
selection, quality control, etc. The most important point is that all
piping shall be installed so that they are stress-free.

Quality program for installation

The contractor shall maintain a high level of inspection to ensure • Misaligned joints > replace components (major defect)
compliance with all requirements. The contractor shall designate remake joint (minor defect)
one individual to be responsible for quality control throughout the
installation. Photo 7. Spool fabrication shop

Record of following items shall be made: 6.3 Maintenance and repair

Starting and end time of the curing process; pipe fitter name.;
batch number of the adhesive and heating blanket; measured GRP/GRE pipes are generally maintenance free, but the
temperature of the heating blanket; ambient temperature, date, following points shall be given attention during inspection and
joint number, relative humidity. are addressed in the ISO document:
• Removal of scale and blockages
6.2.4 System testing • Electrical conductivity
All GRP/GRE piping systems shall be hydrostatically pressure • Surface and mechanical damage
tested after installation. Water shall be used as a test medium. • Chalking, ageing and erosion
• Flange cracks and leaks

8
7. Conclusion

ISO 14692 is a worldwide accepted standard for the

manufacturing, qualification, design and installation of GRP/
GRE piping systems.

When the guidelines laid down in the ISO 14692 standard are
followed, it will result in a trouble-free pipe system.

8. ISO in brief

ISO is a global network that identifies what international

standards are required by business, government and society,
develops them in partnership with the sectors that will put
them in use, adopts them by transparent procedures based on
national input and delivers them to be implemented worldwide.

ISO standards distill an international consensus from the

roadest possible base of stakeholder groups. Expert input
comes from those closest to the need for the standards and
also those responsible for implementing them. In this way,
although voluntary, ISO standards are widely respected and
accepted by public and private sectors internationally.

ISO is a non-governmental organization. It is a federation of

national standards bodies from over 149 countries, one per
country, from all regions of the world.

9. References

• ISO 14692-1 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries –

Glass-Reinforced Plastics (GRP) Piping Part 1:
Vocabulary, Symbols, Applications and Materials;
• ISO 14692-2 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries –
Glass-Reinforced Plastics (GRP) Piping Part 2:
Qualification and Manufacture;
• ISO 14692-3 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries –
Glass-Reinforced Plastics (GRP) Piping Part 3:
System Design;
• ISO 14692-4 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries –
Glass-Reinforced Plastics (GRP) Piping Part 4:
Fabrication, Installation and Operation.

9
10. Deviations list to the ISO quality program
ISO 14692-2:2002(E) NOV Fiber Glass Systems

8.0 Quality programme for manufacture Standard

8.2 Calibration Quality Control equipment:
Pressure gauges:
• Accurate +/- 0,5% • Accurate +/- 0.8%
• Calibration every two months

8.3.2.2 Mill hydrostatic test 5% of total production.
5% of continuous production (c.p.) 1,5x Design Pressure
=< 600mm 0,89 times qualified pressure
> 600mm 0,75 times qualified pressure
if pressure class > 32 bar = 100%

8.3.2.3 Spools frequency = 100% (if practicable) 5% (if practicable)

8.3.2.4 Retesting: by failures of one of both retested Only the failed components will be rejected. In case of
components, the whole lot to the latest successful rejected components, 100% will be conducted until the
hydrotest shall be rejected. affected range has been determined

8.3.3 Degree of cure: DSC according to ISO 11357-2 According to API 15LR.
Determination of a QC baseline on base-resin or
component. Min. acc. = 130 / 140 dgr.C
Frequency of 1% on c.p.
Once per shift

8.3.4 Short-term burst test: Agreed with principal Once per three months

8.3.5 Ongoing pressure tests: yearly 6x 1000 hour. test from None
at least two product sectors

8.3.6 Glass content in accordance with ISO 1172 at a In accordance with ASTM-D-2584 at a frequency of
frequency of 1% of c.p. once a week random two types.
Acceptance: 70-82% for filament wound pipe Acceptance: 65-77% for filament wound pipe
65-75% filament wound fittings 55-65% for filament wound fittings
50-65% hand-lay-up fittings

8.3.7.2 Visual Inspection: Table 12 and Table A1 of annexure ASTM-D-2563 (visual)

A van ISO 14692-4:2002

8.3.7.3 The principal shall be notified of all repairs No notification

8.3.8.2 The following dimensions shall be determined in NOV Fiber Glass Systems conducts 100% inspection on
& accordance with ASTM D-3567 for 1% of pipe and each outside diameter of pipe. Reinforced wall thickness is
8.3.8.3 fitting: automatically determined by using fixed inside diameter.
a) Internal diameter All dimensions and tolerances are in accordance with
b) Outside diameter NOV Fiber Glass Systems product drawings.
c) Mass
d) Minimum total wall thickness
e) Reinforced wall thickness
f) Laying
length

10
8.3.8.4 The following dimensions shall be determined in NOV Fiber Glass Systems conducts only 100%
accordance with ASTM D3567 for 1% of pipe and inspection on laying lengths and directions/ positions
each fitting:
a) Internal diameter
b) Maximum outside diameter
c) Reinforced wall thickness
d) Relevant dimensions as described figure 1
e) Mass

8.3.9 Thread dimensions N/A

8.3.10 Conductivity 105 Ω (100V) Conductivity 106 Ω (500V)

8.3.11 Retest: by failures of one of both retested
components, the whole batch to the latest successful Only the failed components will be rejected.
test shall be rejected. To avoid rejecting good products, NOV Fiber Glass
Systems will test all products to trace all affected products.

8.4.3 Records to be maintained by manufacturer: Documentation available in QC/Engineering file

• Hydrotest reports
• Dim.+Vis.+ cond. Reports
• Tg
• Glass content
• Short-term burst test report
• Long-term test report

9.1 Markings shall be applied on the pipe and fittings ipes 3 locations,
P
within 1 m of the end. Fitting one location

9.2 All pipe and fittings shall be permanently marked with Pipe and fittings will be marked with:
details as in Para 9.2: a) Manufacturer’s name
a) Manufacturer’s name b) Not
b) Product line designation c) Qualified pressure
c) Qualified pressure d) Not
d) Temperature at which qualified pressure is e) System design pressure
determined (default is 65°C). f) System design temperature
e) System design pressure g) Nominal diameter
f) System design temperature h) Manufacturer’s identification code
g) Nominal diameter i) Not
h) Manufacturer’s identification code
i) Limitations or referenced to installation
requirements: permissible bolt torque, portable
water (yes/no), elec­trical conductivity and fire
performance classification.

11.4.2 Manufacturing procedure shall be provided if Not allowed by NOV Fiber Glass Systems
requested by the principal

11.4.4 Production quality control reports in acc. 8.4 shall be Special Manufacturing Record Book
provided within five working days or other agreed
period

11
 National Oilwell Varco has produced this brochure for general information only, and it
is not intended for design purposes. Although every effort has been made to maintain
the accuracy and reliability of its contents, National Oilwell Varco in no way assumes
responsibility for liability for any loss, damage or injury resulting from the use of
information and data herein. All applications for the material described are at the user’s
risk and are the user’s responsibility.
All brands listed are trademarks of National Oilwell Varco.

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GEN1030 - February 2013