Emilio Aguinaldo,

(born March 22/23, 1869, near Cavite, Luzon, Philippines—died February 6, 1964,
Quezon City), Filipino leader and politician who fought first against Spain and later against
the United States for the independence of the Philippines.

Aguinaldo was of Chinese and Tagalog parentage. He attended San Juan de Letrán
College in Manila but left school early to help his mother run the family farm. In August1896 he
was mayor of Cavite Viejo (present-day Kawit; adjacent to Cavite city) and was the local leader
of the Katipunan, a revolutionary society that fought bitterly and successfully against the
Spanish. In December 1897 he signed an agreement called the Pact of Biac-na-Bató with the
Spanish governor general. Aguinaldo agreed to leave the Philippines and to remain permanently
in exile on condition of a substantial financial reward from Spain coupled with the promise of
liberal reforms.

While first in Hong Kong and then in Singapore, he made arrangements with
representatives of the American consulates and of Commodore George Dewey to return to the
Philippines to assist the United States in the war against Spain.
Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines May 19, 1898, and announced renewal of the struggle with
Spain. The Filipinos, who declared their independence of Spain on June 12, 1898, proclaimed a
provisional republic, of which Aguinaldo was to become president; and in September a
revolutionary assembly met and ratified Filipino independence. However, the Philippines, along
with Puerto Rico and Guam, were ceded by Spain to the United States by the Treaty of Paris,
which was signed on December 10, 1898.
 Manuel L. Quezon

(born Manuel Luís Quezon y Molina; August 19, 1878 – August 1, 1944) was a Filipino
statesman, soldier and politician who served as president of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines from 1935 to 1944. He was the first Filipino to head a government of the entire
Philippines (as opposed to the government of previous Philippine states), and is considered to
have been the second president of the Philippines, after Emilio Aguinaldo (1899–1901).

During his presidency, Quezon tackled the problem of landless peasants in the countryside. His
other major decisions include the reorganization of the islands' military defense, approval of a
recommendation for government reorganization, the promotion of settlement and development in
Mindanao, dealing with the foreign stranglehold on Philippine trade and commerce, proposals
for land reform, and opposing graft and corruption within the government. He established a
government-in-exile in the U.S. with the outbreak of the war and the threat of Japanese invasion.

It was during his exile in the U.S. that he died of tuberculosis at Saranac Lake, New York. He
was buried in the Arlington National Cemetery until the end of World War II, when his remains
were moved to Manila. His final resting place is the Quezon Memorial Circle.
 Sergio Osmeña Sr., PLH,

(Spanish pronunciation: [ˈseɾ.xjo ozˈmeɲa]; 9 September 1878 – 19 October 1961) was a Filipino
politician who served as the third President of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946. He was Vice
President under Manuel L. Quezon. Upon Quezon's sudden death in 1944, Osmeña succeeded
him, at age 65, becoming the oldest holder of the office (a record he held until 71-year-old
Rodrigo Duterte was elected in 2016). A founder of the Nacionalista Party, Osmeña was also the
first Visayan to become president.

Prior to his accession in 1944, Osmeña served as Governor of Cebu from 1906 to 1907, Member
and first Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives from 1907 to 1922, and Senator
from the 10th Senatorial District for thirteen years, in which capacity he served as Senate
President pro tempore. In 1935, he was nominated to be the running-mate of Senate President
Manuel L. Quezon for the presidential election that year. The duo were overwhelmingly re-
elected in 1941.
 Manuel Acuña Roxas

(born Manuel Róxas y Acuña; January 1, 1892 – April 15, 1948) was the fifth President of the
Philippines who served from 1946 until his death in 1948. He briefly served as the third and last
President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from May 28, 1946 to July 4, 1946,
subsequently becoming the first President of the independent Third Philippine Republic after the
United States ceded its sovereignty over the Philippines.

His son, Gerardo ("Gerry"), became a member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a
leader of Liberal Party of the Philippines. Gerry's sons, Manuel II ("Mar") and Gerardo, Jr.
("Dinggoy"), served as representatives from Capiz. In 2004, Mar became a Senator and was also
elected president of the Liberal Party. His daughter-in-law, Judy Araneta (widow of Gerry),
continues to be a prominent and driving force of the Liberal Party.
 José P. Laurel,

CCLH (born José Paciano Laurel y García; March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959) was a Filipino
politician and judge. He was the president of the Second Philippine Republic, a Japanese puppet
state when occupied during World War II, from 1943 to 1945. Since the administration of
President Diosdado Macapagal (1961–1965), Laurel has been officially recognized by later
administrations as former president of the Philippines.

In 1925 Laurel was elected to the Philippine Senate. He would serve for one term before losing
his re-election bid in 1931 to Claro M. Recto.[4] He retired to private practice, but by 1934, he
was again elected to public office, this time as a delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention.
Hailed as one of the "Seven Wise Men of the Convention", he would sponsor the provisions on
the Bill of Rights.[4] Following the ratification of the 1935 Constitution and the establishment of
the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Laurel was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court on February 29, 1936.
 Elpidio Rivera Quirino

(born Elpidío Quiríno y Rivera; November 16, 1890 – February 29, 1956) was a Filipino
politician of ethnic Ilocano descent who served as the sixth President of the Philippines from
1948 to 1953.

A lawyer by profession, Quiríno entered politics when he became a representative of Ilocos Sur
from 1919 to 1925. He was then elected as senator from 1925–1931. In 1934, he became a
member of the Philippine independence commission that was sent to Washington, D.C., which
secured the passage of Tydings–McDuffie Act to American Congress. In 1935, he was also
elected to the convention that drafted the 1935 constitution for the newly established
Commonwealth. In the new government, he served as secretary of the interior and finance under
President Manuel Quezon's cabinet.

After World War II, Quiríno was elected vice-president in the 1946 election, consequently the
second and last for the Commonwealth and first for the third republic. After the death of the
incumbent president Manuel Roxas in 1948, he succeeded the presidency. He won the president's
office under Liberal Party ticket, defeating Nacionalista vice president and former president José
P. Laurel as well as fellow Liberalista and former Senate President José Avelino.

The Quiríno administration was generally challenged by the Hukbalahaps, who ransacked towns
and barrios. Quiríno ran for president again in 1953 but was defeated by Ramon Magsaysay.
 Ramón del Fierro Magsaysay Sr.

(August 31, 1907 – March 17, 1957) was a Filipino politician who was the seventh President of
the Philippines, serving from December 30, 1953 until his death in an aircraft disaster. An
automobile mechanic, Magsaysay was appointed military governor of Zambales after his
outstanding service as a guerilla leader during the Pacific War. He then served two terms as
Liberal Party congressman for Zambales before being appointed as Secretary of National
Defense by President Elpidio Quirino. He was elected president under the banner of the
Nacionalista Party.

He was the first Philippine president born during the 20th century and the first to be born after
the Spanish colonial era.
 Carlos Polestico Garcia

(November 4, 1896 – June 14, 1971) was a Filipino teacher, poet, orator, lawyer, public official,
political economist, organized guerrilla and Commonwealth military leader, who was the eighth
President of the Philippines.

Garcia was born in Talibon, Bohol on November 4, 1896, to Policronio Garcia and Ambrosia
Polestico, who were both natives of Bangued, Abra.
Garcia grew up with politics, with his father serving as a municipal mayor for four terms. He acquired his
primary education in his native town Talibon, then took his secondary education in Cebu Provincial High
School, now Abellana National School, both on top of his class. Initially, he pursued his college education
at Silliman University in Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, and later studied at the Philippine Law School, the
College of Law of National University, where he earned his law degree in 1923 and later, he received his
honorary degree, Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa from National University in 1961. He was among the
top ten in the bar examination.[1]
Rather than practice law right away, he worked as a teacher for two years at Bohol Provincial High School. He
became famous for his poetry in Bohol, where he earned the nickname "Prince of Visayan Poets" and the
"Bard from Bohol
 Diosdado Pangan Macapagal

(September 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was the ninth President of the Philippines, serving from
1961 to 1965, and the sixth Vice-President, serving from 1957 to 1961. He also served as a
member of the House of Representatives, and headed the Constitutional Convention of 1970. He
is the father of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who was the 14th President of the Philippines from
2001 to 2010.

A native of Lubao, Pampanga, Macapagal graduated from the University of the Philippines and
University of Santo Tomas, both in Manila, after which he worked as a lawyer for the
government. He first won election in 1949 to the House of Representatives, representing a
district in his home province of Pampanga. In 1957, he became Vice-President under the rule of
President Carlos P. Garcia, whom he defeated in the 1961 polls.

Diosdado Macapagal was also a reputed poet in the Chinese and Spanish language, though his
poetic oeuvre was eclipsed by his political biography.

As President, Macapagal worked to suppress graft and corruption and to stimulate the Philippine
economy. He introduced the country's first land reform law, placed the peso on the free currency
exchange market, and liberalized foreign exchange and import controls. Many of his reforms,
however, were crippled by a Congress dominated by the rival Nacionalista Party.
 Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr.

(September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino politician and kleptocrat who was the
tenth President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. A leading member of the far-right New
Society Movement, he ruled as a dictator under martial law from 1972 until 1981. His regime
was infamous for its corruption, extravagance and brutality.

Marcos claimed an active part in World War II, including fighting alongside the Americans in
the Bataan Death March and being the "most decorated war hero in the Philippines". A number
of his claims were found to be false and the United States Army documents described Marcos's
wartime claims as "fraudulent" and "absurd".
 Maria Corazon "Cory" Cojuangco Aquino

(25 January 1933 – 1 August 2009) was a Chinese Filipino politician who served as the 11th
President of the Philippines, becoming the first woman to hold that office. The first female
president in the Philippines, Aquino was the most prominent figure of the 1986 People Power
Revolution, which toppled the 21-year rule of President Ferdinand Marcos. She was named Time
magazine's Woman of the Year in 1986. Prior to this, she had not held any other elective office.

A self-proclaimed "plain housewife", she was married to Senator Benigno Aquino Jr., the
staunchest critic of President Marcos. She emerged as leader of the opposition after her husband
was assassinated on 21 August 1983 upon returning to the Philippines from exile in the United
States. In late 1985, Marcos called for snap elections, and Aquino ran for president with former
senator Salvador Laurel as her Vice President. After the elections were held on 7 February 1986,
the Batasang Pambansa proclaimed Marcos and his running mate, Arturo Tolentino, as the
winners amid allegations of electoral fraud, with Aquino calling for massive civil disobedience
actions. Defections from the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the support of the local
Catholic hierarchy led to the People Power Revolution that ousted Marcos and secured Aquino's
accession on 25 February 1986.
 Fidel Valdez Ramos

CCLH GCS GCMG (Hon.) (Spanish: [fiˈðel βalˈdes ra.mos]: born Fidel Ramos y Valdez; March
18, 1928), popularly known as FVR and Eddie, is a retired Filipino general and politician who
served as the 12th President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. During his six years in office,
Ramos was widely credited and admired by many for revitalizing and renewing international
confidence in the Philippine economy. At age 90, he is currently the oldest living former
Philippine President.

Prior to his election as president, Ramos served in the cabinet of President Corazón Aquino, first
as chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), and later as Secretary of National
Defense from 1986 to 1991.[ He was the father of the Philippine Army's Special Forces and the
Philippine National Police Special Action Force.
 Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada

(born José Ejército y Marcelo; born April 19, 1937) is a Filipino politician and former actor who
served as the 13th President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001 and as the ninth Vice President
of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. In 2001, he became the first president in Asia to be
impeached from an executive role. He has been Mayor of the City of Manila, the country's
capital, since 2013.

Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over a hundred films in an
acting career spanning some three decades, and model, who was started as a fashion and ramp
model at the age of 13. He used his popularity as an actor to make gains in politics, serving as
Mayor of San Juan from 1969 to 1986, as Senator from 1987 to 1992, then as Vice-President
under President Fidel V. Ramos from 1992 to 1998.

Estrada was elected President in 1998 with a wide margin of votes separating him from the other
challengers, and was sworn into the presidency on June 30, 1998. In 2000 he declared an "all-
out-war" against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and captured its headquarters and other
camps. However, allegations of corruption spawned an impeachment trial in the Senate, and in
2001 Estrada was ousted by "People Power 2" after the prosecution walked out of the
impeachment court when the senator-judges voted "no" in the opening of the second envelope.
 Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal Arroyo

(born April 5, 1947) is a Filipino professor and politician who was the 14th President of the
Philippines from 2001 until 2010, as the 10th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to
2001, as the deputy speaker of the 17th Congress from 2016 to 2017, and a member of the House
of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga since 2010. She was the country's
second female president (after Corazon Aquino), and the daughter of former President Diosdado
Macapagal. Arroyo is also the first duly elected female Vice President of the Philippines. She
currently serves as Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, making her the
first woman to hold the position.

Arroyo was a former professor of economics at Ateneo de Manila University where eventual
President Benigno Aquino III was one of her students. She entered government in 1987, serving
as assistant secretary and undersecretary of the Department of Trade and Industry upon the
invitation of President Corazon Aquino. After serving as a senator from 1992 to 1998, she was
elected to the vice presidency under President Joseph Estrada, despite having run on an opposing
ticket.
 Benigno Simeon "Noynoy" Cojuangco Aquino III

(born February 8, 1960) is a Filipino politician who served as the 15th President of the
Philippines from 2010 until 2016.Aquino is a fourth-generation politician and the chairman of
the Liberal Party from 2010 to 2016

On September 9, 2009, shortly after the death of his mother, Aquino officially announced he
would be a candidate in the 2010 presidential election. He was elected and on June 30, 2010 was
sworn into office as the fifteenth President of the Philippines at the Quirino Grandstand in Rizal
Park, Manila,[4, succeeding Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. He stepped down at the end of his term
on June 30, 2016, succeeded by Rodrigo Duterte.

In 2013, Time named him one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World. In 2018 Aquino
was indicted for budget misuse.
 Rodrigo Roa Duterte

(/duːˈtɜːrtə/; Tagalog: [roˈdɾigo ɾowa dʊˈtɛɾtɛ] (About this soundlisten); born March 28, 1945),
also known as Digong and Rody, is a Filipino politician who is the 16th and current President of
the Philippines and the first from Mindanao, the southernmost major island group of the country,
to hold the office.He is the chair of the ruling PDP–Laban party. Taking office at 71 years old in
June 2016, Duterte is the oldest person to assume the Philippine presidency; the record was
previously held by Sergio Osmeña at the age of 65.

Duterte studied political science at the Lyceum of the Philippines University, graduating in 1968,
before obtaining a law degree from San Beda College of Law in 1972. He then worked as a
lawyer and was a prosecutor for Davao City, a highly urbanized city on Mindanao island, before
becoming vice mayor and, subsequently, mayor of the city in the wake of the Philippine
Revolution of 1986. Duterte was among the longest-serving mayors in the Philippines, serving
seven terms and totaling more than 22 years in office.

Frequently described as a populist and a nationalist, Duterte's political success has been aided by
his vocal support for the extrajudicial killing of drug users and other criminals. Human rights
groups have documented over 1,400 killings allegedly by death squads operating in Davao
between 1998 and May 2016; the victims were mainly drug users, petty criminals and street
children. A 2009 report by the Philippine Commission on Human Rights confirmed the
"systematic practice of extrajudicial killings" by the Davao Death Squad
 LIHAM NG PAANYAYA

Regina Ville 2000

Block 8 Lot 56

Brgy Inocencio, Trece Martires, Cavite

Mahal kong Anna,

Magandang araw kaibigan.Kilala mo pa ba ako?.Gusto sana kitang anyayahan na dumalo

sa aking kaarawan.Gustog gusto na kasi kitang nakita pitong taon na tayong hindi
nagkikita.Aasahan ko ang iyong pagdalo isama mo narin ang iyong kapatid na si
Ella

Nagmamahal,
Naomi Ronquillo
LIHAM NG PANGANGAMUSTA
LIHAM NG PASASALAMAT
LI HAM NG PANGANGALAKAL
 LIHAM NG NAGREREKLAMO

Sa Kinauukulan,

Magandang araw po. Ako ay sumulat uoang hilingin ang inyong tulong
na maberika ang aking "bill" sa kuryente na umabot ng P5600 sa buwan
ng Hulyo.

King inyo pong mapapansin,ito ang pinamalaking bayarin na aking

natanggao sa loob ng sampung taong pagtangkilik sa inyong serbisyo.

Karaniwan, ang aking bayaran ay umaabot lamang nd dalawang libo

kada buwan at wala naman nadagdagan sa mga gamit namin sa bahay.

Sana po ay mabigyan ninyo ng pansin ang idinulog kong ito. Maraming

salamat po.
LIHAM NG NAG-APPLY SA TRABAHO
LIHAM NG UMOORDER NG MGA BAGAY BAGAY
LIHAM NG HUMIHINGI NG IMPORMASYON