REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425 *Law- signed by the president C.

Legislative
 Higher chamber-
 JUNE 12, 1956 *Bill- proposed
Senate
 Signed by Magsaysay
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE  Lower Chamber- House
 Proposed by: Recto (main proponent) &
of Rep.
Laurel  Lower chamber
 Ayaw ng catholic  Where law starts *Decentralization- local government code;
law that gives power to have mayor etc.
IMPORTANCE ( UNDER “WHEREAS”) *Indirect democracy- representative democracy
6. CONSTITUTIONAL
1. Need for re-dedication to the ideals of FORM AND KIND OF DEMOCRACY A. Malolos Constitution
freedom and nationalism for which our
1. PRESIDENTIAL GOV’T  1st constitution
heroes lived and died.
 Leader of state and government  By Bonifacio, Magdalo,
2. Honoring Rizal
2. Democratic Magdiwang
3. Inspiring source of patriotism during
 Will of the people is the law of B. American Constitution
formative and decisive years
the land  2nd constitution
4. Develops moral character, personal
 Direct and Indirect  Speak in english
discipline, civic conscience and teach
3. REPRESENTATIVE  Education
students citizenship
 Voting- right of suffrage or right  Tangkilikin ang
SEC. 1- Ang librong ipa-publish ay hindi dapat to vote produkto ng american
editied. Kung ano ang salin, yun lang dapat. 4. REPUBLIC C. Puppet republic
 Government by the people for  3rd constitution
*Official Gazette- newspaper of the Philippines
the people  19445
*Sworn Written Statement- exemption of the 5. UNITARY  Japan
students  Central gov’t  Money has no value (
SEC. 2- Obliged ang mga universities na  Malancang mickey mouse money)
A. Executive  Greater East Asia Co-
maglagay ng libro ni rizal sa library
 Execute law prosperity Sphere-
SEC. 3- Books must be translated in English,  Veto power- power to distributed properly by
Tagalog, and other Philippine Dialect check, ammend, government
comment  Treaty of Paris- 20M
SEC. 4- Administrative Code 927
B. Judiciary Dollars; under of
SEC. 5- 300,000 given by the National Treasury  Judge america; turnover of
to provide in giving books  Supreme court- intramuros
determines the  Communism- property
*GAA- General Appropriation Act; all projects
constitutionality and lahat ng government
SE. 6- Approval unconstitutionality D. Marcos Constitution
  4th constitution
 1973
 3 branches dissolve
 All power to him- para
mapahaba ang termino
niya
E. Freedom Constitution
 5th constitution
 Cory Aquino
F. 1987 Constitution
 6th constitution
 Family Code- marriage
 Charter Change-
baguhin ang 1987
constitution
 Political Dynasty- family
within one gov’t ;
prohibited
 Senate bill 438
 House bill- J661
IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING RIZAL
1. It provides insight on we deal with the
current situations and problem of the
Philippines
 “He who holds the past,
controls the future”
 Ex. People Power revolution
and Jose Rizal revolution with
spanish
2. It helps us understand better ourselves
as a filipino.
 Conservatism- tradition-family
 Conservatism is the political
and social ideology of the
Philippines
 Family- basic unit of society
 Traditional Nation
 Mao Xedong- abolish the
concept of family
 Citadel of Oppression- coercion
or force
 Confucius- harmonious
relationship
3. It teaches nationalism and having the
sense of patriotism.
 Nationalism- makamit ang
kalayaan
 Individual freedom- enjoyment
of rights; ability to choose 2 or
more courses of activities
without being forced (General
Rule)
 Exception to the general rule:
OWN WILL
 Patriotism- love and devotion
4. It provides several valuable life lesson.
 Marami pang dapat intindihin
ang tao bukod sa pansariling
kaligayahan.
5. Logical and Critical thinking Skill
On O-Sei-San
Japan has enchanted me. The beautiful
scenery, the flowers, the trees, the inhabitants -
- so peaceful, so courteous, and so pleasant. O-
Sei-San, Sayonara, Sayonara! I have spent a
happy golden month; I do not know if I can have
another one like that in all my life. Love,
money, friendship, appreciation, honors -- these
have not been wanting.
To think that I am leaving this life for the
uncertain, the unknown. There I was offered an
easy way to life, beloved and esteemed...
To you I dedicate the final chapter of these
memoirs of my youth. No woman, like you, has
ever loved me. No woman, like you has ever
sacrificed for me. Like the flower of the chodji
that falls from the stem fresh and whole
without falling leaves or without withering --
with poetry still despite its fall -- thus you fell.
Neither have you lost your purity nor have the
delicate petals of your innocence faded --
Sayonara, Sayonara!
You shall never return to know that I have once
more thought of you and that your image lives
in my memory; and undoubtedly, I am always
thinking of you. Your name lives in the sight of
my lips, your image accompanies and animates
all my thoughts. When shall I return to pass
another divine afternoon like that in the temple
of Meguro? When shall the sweet hours I spent
with you return? When shall I find them
sweeter, more tranquil, more pleasing? You the
color of the camellia, its freshness, its
elegance...
 February 28- April 13, 1888
 He was enchanted by the natural
beauty of Japan, the charming manners
of the japanese people, and the
picturesque shrines.
 He fell in love with a Japanese girl,
whose loveliness infused joy and
romance in his sorrowing heart. Her
real name was Seiko Usui.
  Fate, however, cut short of his happy
days in Japan. He had to sacrifice his
own happiness to carry on his work for
the redemption of his oppressed
people.
PARISIAN LIFE
In 2002, with the ownership of GSIS, it was
decided to use The Parisian Life as the official
name which was also originally inscribed, signed
and dated by Luna himself at the back of the
painting where he wrote, LVNA PARIS 1982 .
Prof. Zerrudo also revealed that the painting
can be interpreted in three ways, by literal and
popular interpretation where the lady sitting in
the sofa was identified as a flirt and prostitute,
by tragic and biographical interpretation which
discusses the personal experience of Luna with
his wife who had an affair with another man,
and by symbolic interpretation where Zerrudo
mentioned that the woman in the painting has
a “geographical likeness” to the mirror-image
of the archipelago of the Philippines.
With the third interpretation, Luna also exposed
the Philippines in a disturbed state during the
Spanish Revolution in 1892 through the
uncomfortable position and about-to-cry face of
the woman. The three gentlemen in the left
corner were identified as the three Filipino
heroes, Dr. Jose Rizal, Juan Luna, and Ariston
Baptista discussing the state of the country
being under stress. The coat and hat at the
couch symbolizes Western lifestyle particularly
identifying the people of Spain. While the levels
of beers in the table were also interpreted on
how the Spaniards take advantage of the
country, and the newspaper pointing the back
of the woman tells how the Philippines was
inspired by the French Revolution.
Galleon Trade
 Galleon that is named in the Galleon
trade means the transportation that is
used in the trading. At first, Galleon is
not intended for trading use but for
wars.
 Also called Manila-Acapulco Trade
(route of the galleon) From Manila,
Philippines to Acapulco, Mexico and
vice versa
 108 galleons used
 250 years ( 1565-1815)
 A government monopoly which only
limited people were being benefited in
this trade.
 Spanish who lived in Manila
 Governor- General
 Spanish individual who is part of the
consulate
 First Primate City
 Boleta ot Ticket – it is given to the
traders who is part of the galleon trade
for them to put their products in the
Galleon.
1 boleta = ₱200-250 which can
rent a part or a room in the galleon.
 Filipinos are the one who created the
Galleons and only 8 of the 108 galleons
that is being used where created in
Mexico. It is created in Cavite, Mindoro,
Marinduque and Masbate.
 Carabao and Mango , One of the
important influence/import of Mexico
in the Philippines.
 September 12, 1815 – Galleon Trade
was abolished.
 Polo Y Servicio – sapilitang paggawa
Tobacco Monopoly
 A program under the Basco Reforms
(1778) which aims to restore and revive
the economy in terms of agriculture
and other industry.
 Inspired by the Opium Trade
 100 years , Started March 1782
 Proposed by Fracisco Leandro de
Vianno
 Real Situado – yearly ₱200,000 given by
Mexico to the Philippines in providing
the production of the monopoly.
Advantages:
 Increasing Profits of the Government
 Philippines became known in the world
when it comes in tobacco monopoly
which is known as “Tabakong
Pilipino”or “Tabakong Maynila .
Suez Canal
 is a sea-level waterway in Egypt,
connecting the Mediterranean Sea to
the Red Sea through the Isthmus of
Suez.
 it officially opened on 17 November
1869.
 Ferdinand de Lesseps
 193 km/h long
Advantages :
  Because of the opening of Suez
Canal the travel time became more
shorter than its normal travel time.
(2 months became 30 days)
 Because of the easy way of trading,
there are books and other
magazines that is being traded
wherein it brightens and opens their
minds in the idea about liberalism
and their rights as a Filipino.
LIBERALISM
 A political philosophy or worldview
based and founded on ideas of liberty
and equality
What are its central values?
 An ideology which central theme is
about: commitment to individual, desire
to construct a society where people can
satisfy their interests and achieve
fulfilment.
 Liberalism forwards the idea that
individuals are naturally endowed with
reason and as such, be allowed to enjoy
the maximum possible freedom.
 These are all the ideas that liberalism
stands for:
- Freedom of speech
- Freedom of the press
- Freedom of religion
- Free markets
- Civil rights
- Democratic societies
- Secular governments
- Gender equality
- International cooperation
How did Liberalism come about?
 An early agricultural societies when
people started living in settled
communities and were forced to find
ways of trading and living with strangers.
 Breakdown of feudalism in Europe and
they rise of an aspiring middle class.
 The middle class gave rise to a capitalist
society and a market economy.
 It created a sense on individualism
among people.
 Radical demands of change from the
people to abolish traditional structures
of power that conflict with their
interests.
 For Liberals, freedom is the only state
where individuals can fully develop their
skills and potentials.
 However, Liberals do not believe in
‘absolute freedom’ - is complete
freedom of mental, physical and
emotions. It is a freedom form our
desire, fear, pain, and grief. It is not only
for particular religion caste creed or sex.
 For Liberals, they are also aware of the
dangers it poses against freedom.
“The only purpose for which power can
rightfully be exercised over any member
of a civilized community, against his will,
is to prevent harm to others.” – John
Stuart Mill
 For Liberals, power naturally corrupts
and if it isn’t regulated or checked, it can
be abused.
“Power tends to corrupt and absolute
power corrupts indefinitely” – Lord
Acton
Age of Enlightenment (La Ilustracion)
 Liberalism became popular to moral
philosophers and economist in the
western world.
 Key ideas:
- Free will of the individual
- People are born free, rational and
individual
- Individuals are the best judges of
their own interests
- People are free to find their own
place in society
- People may be born with different
talents, powers, skills and potentials
– yet all should have equal rights
 John Locke
- A 17th century philosopher and
founder of Liberalism. He argued
that each man has a natural right to
life, liberty and property which are
the right that the government
should not violate based on the
social contract. Social contract was
rooted in the duty of all individuals
to respect the rights of others.
- “Man is born free, but is everywhere
in chains”, the ‘real’ restraints on
people imposed by absolute rulers
and the denial of HUMAN RIGHTS –
the basic freedom to exist.
 - “The end of law is not to abolish or
restrain but to preserve an enlarged
freedom”
 Thomas Hobbes
- He introduced the idea that people
give up natural rights to freedom in
exchange for security and
protection.
 Most important influence of
Enlightenment, can be reflected during
the French Revolution where liberalism
started to significantly spread. They
stands for liberty, equality and
fraternity.
Timeline
 Liberalism and similar terms (liberal,
liberty) originate from Latin ‘liber’
means free.
 1375 – used to describe literal arts in the
context of an education desirable for a
free born man.
 With the rise of the Enlightenment, the
word acquired decisively more positive
undertones ‘free from narrow prejudice’
and ‘free from bigotry’
 The middle of 19th century, liberal was
used as a political term in party and
movements worldwide.
 Liberalism is synonym for freedom
BOURBON REFORMS
The Bourbon Reforms in New Spain were
the series of the administrative changes applied
by the Spanish Monarchs of the House of
Bourbon from 18th century in the Viceroyalty of
New Spain. The beginning of the new Crown's
power with clear lines of authority to officials
contrasted to the complex system of
government that evolved under
the Habsburg monarchs. For example, the crown
pursued state supremacy over the Catholic
Church, pushed economic reforms, and placed
power into the hands of Spanish governors.
The reforms resulted in significant
restructuring of administrative structure and
personnel. The reforms were intended to
stimulate manufacturing and technology to
modernise Spain. In Spanish America, the
reforms were designed to make the
administration more efficient and to promote its
economic, commercial and fiscal development.
When looking at the material effects of how the
Bourbon Reforms aimed to change the
relationship between the Spanish American
colonies and the Crown, it can be said that the
reforms functionally aimed to transform semi-
autonomous groups into proper colonies.
Specifically, the reforms sought to increase
commercial agriculture and mining and increase
trade. The system was intended to be much
more hierarchal, forcing the colonies to become
more dependent on Spain and serve as a market
for their manufactured goods. The crown
ordered these changes in hopes that it would
have a positive effect on the economy of Spain.
Furthermore, the Bourbon Reforms were
intended prevent colonies from producing
manufactured goods that would compete with
goods exported from Spain and re-
establish Spanish supremacy over the colonies.
CADIZ CONSTITUTION
 Also known as Political Constitution of
the Spanish Monarchy and as La Pepa.
 It was establish on March 19, 1812 by
the Cortes of Cadiz.
 It was made due to Spain’s want to end
the abuse made by the conservative
system in the country.
 An election was held in Manila to choose
a Filipino representative to send to
Cadiz. Don Ventura Delos Reyes - a
wealthy Filipino man was elected as
representative.
Importance
 Right to vote of men
 Sovereignty – is the full right and power
of a governing body over itself, without
any interference from outside sources or
bodies.
 Constitutional Monarchy – a form of
monarchy govern by a king, queen or
emperor in which they exercise
authority in accordance with a written or
unwritten constitution.
 Freedom to speech
 Land reform
 Free trade
Effect of Cadiz Constitution

Another attempt was made to pass the Cadiz

Constitution in the Philippines but did not come
through. It has an effect on Spain governing the
Philippines.

 The galleon trade was halted.

 Mercantilism (money means power) was
replaced by free trade.
 1815 – outbreak of the Ilocos uprising
against the cancellation on the
execution of the constitution in the
Philippines.

Though it was not implemented, it has

brought up a lot of reactions from the
Filipinos. For them, the discontinuance of its
implementation was only made by the
colonial government to continue their abuse
to the Filipinos by means of forced labor and
taxes. The uprising reached the neighboring
towns of Ilocos. In these uprisings, the
natives has slain the principales that they
consider as allies of the colonial government
in the abuse to them.

It helps the Filipinos to realize that they had

the opportunity to fight for their rights.