DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
JUNE 12,1898 (CAVITE- VIEJO,
PROVINCE OF CAVITE)
- On June 12, 1898, the Philippine
Declaration of Independence happened
in Kawit, Cavite
- General Emilio Aguinaldo, along with
his forces, declared the sovereignty and
independence of the Philippine islands
from Spanish colonization
- Resolved the revolution in August 1896,
Spanish gave up the Philippines'
government to the Americans in the
1898
- The 1898 Treaty of Paris, signed on
December 10, 1898
- Approved the proclamation of
Independence on August 1, 1898
Reason for Revolution
ABUSES DONE BY CITY GUARDS
Civil guards were killing Filipinos without just
reason.
ABUSES OF FRIARS
Making use of their authority to subjugate the
Filipinos.
TO put it simply, this document speaks about the
INEQUALITIES and
INJUSTICES experienced by the early Filipinos
during the Spanish
occupation.
This document also mentioned the execution of
Dr. Rizal, Cavite Mutiny, and execution of
the three priests (Gomez, Burgos, Zamora)
THE FLAG OF THE PHILIPPINES
The White Triangle - signifying the distinctive
emblem of the famous Society of
the "Katipunan" which by means of its blood
compact inspired the masses to rise
in revolution.
The Three Stars - signifying the three principal
Islands of these Archipelago.
The sun - represents the gigantic step made by
the son of the country
along the path of Progress and Civilization.
The Eight Rays - signifying the eight provinces
which declare
themselves in a state of war as soon as the first
revolt was initiated.
The colors of Blue, Red, and White - it
commemorates the
flag of the United States of America.
White represents hope for equality.
Blue stands for peace, truth, and justice.
Red stripe symbolises patriotism and valour.
MAJUL ORIGIN FUNTION AND
NECESSITY OF GOVERNMENT
Historical Context
- -Document was written based on
Mabini's theory after the Declaration of
Independence from the Spaniard colony.
- -Document was written based on
Mabini's theory after the Declaration of
Independence from the Spaniard colony.
- -Explained that Spain use their power
and intelligence to establish their colony
in the PH, and was followed by the US.
- The basis of document was theorized
before the Proclamation of Malolos
Constitution
- Proposed and Discussed the
Revolutionary Government which is
composed of: The executive,
Legislative, and Judiciary Branch.
- Discuss about the perception of different
propagandists about their ideal
government/authority.
Mabini’s theoretical basis for the distinction
of 2 powers of government
1. Executive- a person with power derived
from the people.
- The power of the executive was justified
only in direct proportion to the degree of
identity or overlap that existed between
the executive and the people.
2. Legislative- composed of a group of
persons whose function was to see to it
that this power was used in accordance
with the mandate of the people.
- Mabini also introduced the notion of a
JUDICIARY as a power that
determined the kind of punishment for
evil in society.
- The executive, legislative, and judicial
powers constituted what Mabini called
“authority” or” government”
- This was the institution by which certain
persons exercised their POLITICAL
FUNCTIONS.
- GOVERNMENT referred to the group
of people who exercised the HIGHEST
POLITICAL FUNCTIONS.
 - Positive aspect of Authority was to
coordinate the work of the members of
society into a harmonious system for the
general good.
- The purpose of Authority was both to
“order” the community by the use of
coercion in the elimination of disruptive
elements and to construct a better
planned society.
- If the society is a mere agglomerate of
persons moving without direction,
coordination, and order; then it is
NOTHING.
- It is necessary to have SOUL that will
give life to society; and that soul is the
AUTHORITY.
- Jacinto always believed in the necessity
of government to serve the aims of the
society in which in every community o
society; there is a need of a HEAD who
has power over the rest for direction
and good example. For the
maintenance of unity among members
and associates, and who will guide
them to the desired goal.
- This head is called the
GOVERNMENT and he who is called
upon to exercise its power, the
GOVERNOR.
- In his writings show that Jacinto had a
notion of a “congress” elected by the
people which would serve as a form of
“intermediary” between the people and
the government. Unfortunately, he did
not present an elaboration of his views
on the matter.
2. The “Welfare of the People” as an Aim of
Government
- The theories of Rizal, Jacinto, and
Mabini on man and society asserted
that man had a certain intrinsic value
and possessed certain intellectual and
moral capacities which ought to be
allowed to develop unhampered.
- STATE was partially viewed as a
society where there was a recognition of
certain natural rights among men, and
where a government existed whose
function was to protect these rights.
- A fundamental aim of the government
was called the “WELFARE OF THE
PEOPLE”
“Governments are established for the welfare
of the peoples…” – Novel of Rizal “El
Filibusterismo”
- Emilio Jacinto wrote that the Welfare
of the people is the sole purpose of all
governments on earth. It is the real
reason and object, the alpha and
omega, the beginning, and the end, of
all the duties of whose who govern.
- The phrase “welfare of the people” is
equivalent to “satisfaction of the
desires of the people”
- This equivalence is suggested by
Mabini: “to govern is to study the needs
and interpret the desires of a people, in
order to fulfill the one and to satisfy the
other.”
The political ideas of Mabini can be further
developed from an analysis of this proposed
Constitutional Program. Its bill of rights and
educational provisions demonstrate an attempt
to put into practice some of the theoretical ideas
as to the three functions of the government.
- Regarding to personal security and
granting of liberties, the proposed
Constitution provided for the protection
of the individual from arbitrary arrest
and unlawful detention. The domicile of
the individual could not be subject to
entry or search without authority of a
judicial official acting under provisions
of law.
- No Filipino was to be compelled to
change his dwelling or residence except
by virtue of a sentence issued by
competent authority.
- No person could be deprived of his
property unless the property was needed
for the public benefit and there was just
compensation.
- There were provisions for freedom of
thought, press, association, religion, and
choice of profession.
 - Filipinos were to have the right to
petition the highest governmental
authorities for redness.
MILITARY BASES AGREEMENT
Since the creation of the Philippine republic,
American influence continued to define key
decisions in the government.
- The war in the pacific has confirmed the
mutuality of interest of the US and the
Republic of the Philippines in matters
relating to defense of their respective
territories and that mutuality of interest
demands that the governments of the
two countries take the necessary
measures to promote their mutual
secuity and to defend their territories
and areas.
- this basically means that dahil sa nakita
nilang resulta ng digmaan particularly
the world war 2, nakita ng dalawang
bansa ang kahalagahan ng
pagtutulungan para sa mas ikalalakas ng
pwersang militar at mapalakas and
mutual security ng bawat bansa to
defend its territories’.
- Whereas, the government of the US and
the RP are desirous of cooperating in the
common defense and particularly
through a grant by to the US by the RP
in the exercise of its title sovereignty, of the
use, free , rent to the
mutual interest of the both countries
Historical Context
 The document has its basis in the
Tydings Mcduffie Act of 1934.
 This Agreement has its basis in the
Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934, as
amended. That Act, in section 10,
provided for the retention of American
naval reservations and fueling stations in
the Philippines after independence. The
Filipino people in 1934, in approving
the Tydings-McDuffie Act, expressed
their willingness that American defense
establishments be located on Philippine
soil after independence.
 a Joint Resolution of the United States
Congress approved by the President
of the United States on June 29, 1944.
- "after negotiation with the
President of the Commonwealth
of the Philippines, or the
President of the Filipino
Republic, the President of the
United States is hereby
authorized by such means as he
finds appropriate to withhold or
to acquire and to retain such
bases, necessary appurtenances
to such bases, and the rights
incident
 The agreement was signed on March
14th in Manila by President Roxas on
behalf of the Philippine Government and
by Ambassador Paul V. McNutt on
behalf of the President of the United
States.
 Document was written for delimitation,
establishment, maintenance and
operation of military bases in the
Philippines.
1899 MALOLOS CONSTI
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
- Promulgated on January 22,
1899, the Malolos Constitution
served as the cornerstone for the
establishment of the First
Republican Constitution in
Asia; the Malolos Republic.
- Abolished on March 23, 1901
after President Emilio
Aguinaldo was captured by the
American forces in Palanan,
Isabela. It was then replaced
with the US-installed Taft
Commission then later on, the
Schurmann Commission.
PREAMBLE
 We, the Representatives of the Filipino
people, lawfully covened, in order to
establish justice, provide for common
defense, promote the general welfare,
and insure the benefits of liberty,
imploring the aid of the Sovereign
Legislator of the Universe for the
attainment of these ends, have voted,
decreed, and sanctioned the following:
TRANSITORY PROVISION
- Meanwhile and without
prejudice to the provisions of
Article 48 and to the acts of the
commissions designated by the
Assembly to translate and
 submit to the same the organic
laws in the development and
application of the rights granted
to Filipino citizens and for the
government of public powers
therein mentioned, the laws of
the Republic shall be considered
those found existing in these
islands before the emancipation
of the same.

THREE BRANCHES

Legislative

- Representing the people

- elections
- Voting for bills

Executive

- Promulgation general
- administration

Judiciary

- Power to apply law sin trials and

throughout the republic.

PHILIPPINE TRADE ACT (BELL TRADE)

An act to Provide for Trade relations between

the United States and the Philippines and for
other purposes.

The Bell Trade Act of 1946, also known as the

Philippine Trade Act, was an act passed by the
United States Congress specifying policy
governing trade between the Philippines and the
United States following independence of the
Philippines from the United States.

If you want a further knowledge about bell

trade(this will help you to furtherly understand
the act)

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/
1946/06/21/message-of-president-roxas-to-the-
second-congress-on-urging-ratification-of-
executive-agreement-with-the-usa-june-21-
1946/#:~:text=The%20Bell%20Act%2C%20or
%20Philippine,to%20Filipino%20citizens
%20and%20corporations.

Bukas ko pa sasagutan yung 4 questions na

possible na gamitin ni sir kaya iyak well eme
good night lahams.