1) What is the relation between reflectivity (ρ), absorptivity (α) and transmissivity (τ)?

a. ρ – α + τ = 1

b. ρ + α – τ = 1

c. ρ + α + τ = 1

d. ρ – α – τ = 1

Ans. C

2) The emissivity (ε) can be defined as the ratio of

a. emissive power of real body to the emissive power of black body

b. emissive power of black body to the emissive power of real body

c. reflectivity of real body to emissive power of black body

d. reflectivity of black body to emissive power of real body

Ans. A

3) The rate at which the solar energy reaching the earth's atmosphere is called as

a. solar constant

b. radiation constant

c. electromagnetic constant

d. atmospheric constant

Ans. A

4) The radiation energy from the sun is produced by

a. fission reaction

b. fusion reaction

c. both a. and b.
d. none of the above

Ans. B

5) Which of the following gases is/are responsible for global warming?

a. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

b. Water vapour (H2O)

c. both a. and b.

d. none of the above

Ans. C

6) How is the greenhouse effect experienced on earth?

a. global worming

b. pollution

c. both a. and b.

d. none of the above

Ans. A

7) In greenhouse effect, the only infrared radiations

a. are allowed to exit from the interior surface

b. are not allowed to exit from the interior surface

c. cannot absorb heat energy

d. none of the above

Ans. B

8) 90% of the incident radiation on glass in the visible range is

a. absorbed

b. reflected

c. transmitted

d. none of the above

Ans. C

9) What is the relation between the intensity of radiation and the thickness of the layer, in case of gas?

a. the intensity of radiation increases with increase in the thickness of gas layer

b. the intensity of radiation decreases with increase in the thickness of gas layer

c. the intensity of radiation remains unaffected with change in the thickness of gas layer

d. unpredictable

Ans. B

10) How is the incident radiation absorbed by a gas layer?

a. A gas layer absorbs incident radiation slowly

b. A gas layer absorbs incident radiation rapidly

c. doesn't matter

d. unpredictable

Ans. A

11) Which among the following factors is/are taken into account in calculation of radiation emitted or
absorbed by a gas layer?

a. thickness of the gas layer

b. shape of the gas enclosure

c. pressure in gas enclosure

d. all of the above

Ans. D

12) Gases absorb and emit radiant energy

a. in all wavelengths over the entire spectrum (λ = 0 to ∞)

b. only between narrow ranges of wavelengths

c. only at single constant wavelength

d. unpredictable

Ans. B

13) Which of the following gases is/are capable to emit and to absorb radiant heat energy?

a. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

b. Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

c. Ammonia (NH3)

d. all of the above

Ans. D

14) Which of the following gases is/are not capable to emit and to absorb radiant heat energy?

a. Nitrogen (N2)

b. Water vapour (H2O )

c. Carbon monoxide (CO)

d. all of the above

Ans. A

15) Which object can be used as a radiation shield?

a. polished transparent glass

b. mirror

c. rubber

d. all of the above

Ans. B

16) Which surface can be best described as a radiation shield?

a. the surface which has very high absorptivity

b. the surface which has very high transmissivity

c. the surface which has very high reflectivity

d. none of the above

Ans. C

17) Radiation shields are used

a. to increase radiant heat transfer

b. to decrease radiant heat transfer

c. to maintain radiant heat transfer constant

d. none of the above

Ans. B

18) Radiosity (J) is the sum of radiation

a. emitted, reflected and absorbed

b. emitted, reflected and transmitted

c. transmitted, reflected and absorbed

d. none of the above

Ans. B
19) The total radiation leaving a surface per unit time per unit surface area is called as

a. radiosity

b. irradiosity

c. irradiation

d. none of the above

Ans. A

20) What is irradiation (G)?

a. the total radiation incident upon a surface per unit time per unit surface area

b. the total radiation leaving a surface per unit time per unit surface area

c. the net radiation exchanging between two surfaces per unit time per unit surface area

d. none of the above

Ans. A

21) What is the relation between absorptivity (α), reflectivity (ρ) and transmissivity (τ) for gray body?

a. ρ + α + τ =1

b. α + τ =1

c. ρ + τ =1

d. ρ + α =1

Ans. D

22) For the diffuse surfaces

a. the intensity of emitted radiation is constant and depends upon the direction

b. the intensity of emitted radiation is not constant and depends upon the direction

c. the intensity of emitted radiation is constant and does not depend upon the direction

d. none of the above

Ans. C

23) How does the gray body differ from the black body?

a. all the incident radiation is not absorbed completely by gray body

b. the emissivity of the gray body is less than unity

c. the absorptivity of the gray body is less than unity

d. all of the above

Ans. D

24) The rate of radiant flux between two black bodies is analogous to

a. resistance in electrical system

b. voltage in electrical system

c. current in electrical system

d. none of the above

Ans. C

25) What is the formula for the analogous resistance for radiant heat exchange between two black
bodies?

a. 1 / (A1F21)

b. 1 / (A1F12)

c. both a. and b.

d. none of the above

Ans. C

26) Which parameter in the radiant heat exchange between two black bodies is analogous to the
voltage in electrical system?

a. Difference in areas of the two black bodies (A1– A2)

b. Difference in two shape factors (F12 – F21)

c. Difference in emissive powers of the two black bodies (Eb1 – Eb2)

d. none of the above

Ans. C

27) When F12 is the shape factor of A1with respect to A2 and F21 is the shape factor of A2 with respect
to A1and A1= A2, then what is the relation between F12 and F21?

a. F12 > F21

b. F12 < F21

c. F12 = F21

d. none of the above

Ans. C

28) When two bodies of areas A1and A2 are exchanging radiant heat energy, F12 is the shape factor of
A1with respect to A2 and F21 is the shape factor of A2 with respect to A1, then what is the correct
relation for reciprocating theorem? Assuming A1> A2

a. A1F12 > A2 F21

b. A1F12 < A2 F21

c. A1F12 = A2 F21

d. none of the above

Ans. C

29) Shape factor is also called as

a. view factor

b. geometry factor

c. configuration factor

d. all of the above

Ans. D

30) The radiation heat exchange between two bodies depends upon

a. the views of two surfaces with each other

b. the medium between the two bodies

c. emitting and absorbing characteristics of the bodies

d. all of the above

Ans. D

31) What is the correct formula for the intensity of the emitted radiation of a black body (I) in terms of
its emissive power (Eb)?

a. I = (Eb)

b. I = π (Eb)

c. I = 2 π (Eb)

d. I = (1/π) (Eb)

Ans. D
32) What is solid angle?

a. the ratio of spherical surface enclosed by a cone, with its vertex at the centre of sphere, to the radius
of the sphere

b. the ratio of spherical surface enclosed by a cone, with its vertex at the centre of sphere, to the square
of the radius of the sphere

c. the ratio of spherical surface enclosed by a cone, with its vertex at the centre of sphere, to the cube of
the radius of the sphere

d. the ratio of spherical surface enclosed by a cone, with its vertex at the centre of sphere, to the fourth
power of the radius of the sphere

Ans. B

33) What is the intensity of radiation (I)?

a. rate of heat radiation from a surface per unit area

b. rate of heat radiation from a surface per unit solid angle

c. rate of heat radiation from a surface per unit area per unit solid angle

d. none of the above

Ans. C

34) What is the correct formula for the total emissive power of the gray body (Eg)?

a. (Eg) = ε σ T4

b. (Eg) = ε T4

c. (Eg) = (1/ε) σ T4

d. none of the above

Ans. A
35) The emissive power of gray body is

a. less than the emissive power of the black body

b. greater than the emissive power of the black body

c. equal to the emissive power of the black body

d. cannot say

Ans. A

36) What is a gray body?

a. a body of which the monochromatic emissivity (ε) is different wavelengths

b. a body of which the monochromatic emissivity (ε) is constant for the entire wavelength spectrum

c. a body of which the monochromatic emissivity (ε) is maximum for longest wavelength

d. none of the above

Ans. B

37) Wien's displacement law gives the relationship between

a. the wavelength of radiation at which total emissive power is maximum and the temperature

b. the wavelength of radiation at which total emissive power is minimum and the temperature

c. the wavelength of radiation at which total emissive power does not change and the temperature

d. none of the above

Ans. A

38) The relation derived for the total emissive power of the black body as a function of wavelength and
based of quantum theory is known as

a. Kirchoff's law
b. Stefan-Boltzmann law

c. Planck's law

d. none of the above

Ans. C

39) Which among the following sentences are correct for Stefan-Boltzmann law?

(1) The Stefan-Boltzmann law gives the total emissive power of a black body.

(2) The Stefan-Boltzmann law is based on quantum theory

(3) The Stefan-Boltzmann law does not provide distribution of energy among different wavelengths

a. sentences (1) and (2) are correct

b. sentences (2) and (3) are correct

c. sentences (1) and (3) are correct

d. all of the sentences (1), (2) and (3) are correct

Ans. C

40) What is the SI unit for Stefan-Boltzmann constant (σ)?

a. W / m K4

b. W / m2 K4

c. W / K4

d. W K4 / m2

Ans. B

41) Stefan-Boltzmann law states that the energy radiated per unit area per unit time by the black body
is

a. directly proportional to the square of the temperature of the black body

b. inversely proportional to the square of the temperature of the black body

c. directly proportional to the forth power of the temperature of the black body

d. inversely proportional to the fourth power of the temperature of the black body

Ans. C

42) What does the Kirchoff's identity state?

a. the emissivity and the absorptivity of the black body are same and always less than 1

b. the emissivity and the absorptivity of the black body are same and always more than 1

c. the emissivity and the absorptivity of the black body are same and always equal to 1

d. none of the above

Ans. C

43) What is the relation between emissive power of a real body (E) and emissive power of black body
(Eb) when both are at same temperature?

Where,

α =absorptivity

a. Eb / E = 1

b. Eb / E = α

c. E / Eb = 1

d. E / Eb = α

Ans. D

44) Which of the following sentences are correct for black body

(1) The black body is a hypothetical body

(2) The black body is a real body

(3) The black body is used as a standard of perfection against which the radiation characteristics of other
bodies are compared

a. sentences (1) and (2)

b. sentences (1) and (3)

c. sentences (2) and (3)

d. all the sentences (1), (2) and (3)

Ans. B

45) As a radiator, the black body emits the maximum possible thermal radiation

a. at a constant single wavelength

b. at the maximum wavelength

c. at all wavelengths

d. none of the above

Ans. C

46) What is the black body or an ideal radiator?

a. the body which transmits all the radiations incident upon it

b. the body which absorbs all the radiations incident upon it

c. the body which reflects all the radiations incident upon it

d. none of the above

Ans. B

47) The values of reflectivity (ρ), absorptivity (α) and transmissivity (τ) of a body are depend upon

a. material of the body

b. surface condition of the body

c. wavelength of radiation

d. all of the above

Ans. D

48) The reflection in which the angle of incident is equal to the angle of reflection is called as

a. regular reflection

b. specular reflection

c. both a. and b.

d. none of the above

Ans. C

49) What is diffuse reflection of radiation?

a. the reflection of radiation on a rough surface which occurs in all directions

b. the reflection of radiation on a rough surface which occurs in a single direction

c. the reflection of radiation on a smooth surface

d. none of the above

Ans. A

50) What is the opaque body?

a. the body which does not reflect radiation

b. the body which does not absorb radiation

c. the body which does not transmit radiation

d. all of the above

Ans. C
51) Which of the following relation is correct for the radiation?

a. [Incident Radiation] + [Absorbed Radiation] = [Reflected Radiation] + [Transmitted Radiation]

b. [Incident Radiation] + [Transmitted Radiation] = [Reflected Radiation] + [Absorbed Radiation]

c. [Incident Radiation] = [Reflected Radiation] + [Absorbed Radiation] + [Transmitted Radiation]

d. [Absorbed Radiation] = [Reflected Radiation] + [Transmitted Radiation] + [Incident Radiation]

Ans. C

52) What is the relation between temperature of a body and the wavelength of its emitted radiation at
its maximum emissive power?

a. as temperature of a body increases the wavelength of its emitted radiation also increases at its
maximum emissive power

b. as temperature of a body increases the wavelength of its emitted radiation decreases at its maximum
emissive power

c. as temperature of a body increases the wavelength of its emitted radiation does not change only at its
maximum emissive power

d. none of the above

Ans. B

53) At a given temperature if wavelengths are changed, the quality of radiation per unit wavelength

a. will always be constant

b. will also be changed

c. will be changed sometimes but sometimes be constant

d. unpredictable

Ans. B
54) The emissive power of a body depends upon

a. temperature of the body

b. characteristics of the surface of the body

c. both a. and b.

d. none of the above

Ans. C

55) What is emissive power of a body?

a. total radiation emitted by the body per unit volume and time

b. total radiation emitted by the body per unit temperature and time

c. total radiation emitted by the body per unit area and time

d. none of the above

Ans. C

56) When a body receives radiation in the wavelength range of 0.1 to 100 μm (micrometer), then its
temperature

a. increases

b. decreases

c. does not change

d. unpredictable

Ans. A

57) Which of the following bodies will not be able to emit radiation continuously?

a. a body with very high temperature placed in air medium

b. a body with temperature 0 oC placed in air medium

c. a body with temperature 0 oC placed in vacuum

d. none of the above

Ans. D

58) The wavelength range of the visible light is about

a. 350 to 750 μm (micrometer)

b. 350 to 750 nm (nanometer)

c. 350 to 750 cm (centimeter)

d. none of the above

Ans. B

59) What is the approximate wavelength range of thermal radiation?

a. 0.1 to 100 μm (micrometer)

b. 0.1 to 100 nm (nanometer)

c. 0.1 to 100 cm (centimeter)

d. none of the above

Ans. A

60) How is the wavelength of radiation (λ) calculated, when propagation velocity (C) and frequency (ν)
of the radiation is given?

a. λ = C x ν

b. λ = C / ν

c. λ = ν / C

d. none of the above

Ans. B
61) The range of waves within which all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation are
represented is called as

a. electromagnetic frequencies

b. electromagnetic spectrum

c. electromagnetic range

d. none of the above

Ans. B

62) Thermal radiation takes place from a body by electromagnetic waves as a result of

a. the weight of the body

b. the magnetic power of the body

c. the temperature of the body

d. none of the above

Ans. C

63) Which phenomenon is related to the term radiation?

a. magnetic phenomenon

b. gravity

c. electromagnetic phenomenon

d. none of the above

Ans. C

64) The radiation takes place

a. through molecular communication

b. through vacuum

c. both a. and b.
d. none of the above

Ans. B