Chinese basic Grammar

&
kinship terms
中⽂语法和亲属关系
 Chinese characters

nouns concerning animals nouns which you may see them everyday nouns concerning weather&
nature

鼠 日 雨
羊 月 霉 it’s an adjective

鸟 明 it’s an adjective 木;林;森

 Basic Grammar
Chinese doesn’t have inflectional morphemes marking tense, voice, gender, or number.

Basic phrase order: subject + predicate

if the subject is understood from the context of the sentence, it is often omitted from the
sentence.
pro-drop:
(我)不知道啊 (你)吃了吗? (你)喜欢吗?
Did you eat?
I don’t know Do you like it?
Have you eaten?
 Basic Grammar
most of the verbs are mono-transitive
他终于完成了他的论⽂ He finally finished his thesis

她实现了她的梦想 She has accomplished her dreams

Prepositional phrases always occur right before the verb and its objects

西恩纳跟她的妹妹打⽻⽑球 Sienna plays badminton with her sister

理查德在车站等他妈妈 Richard is waiting her mum at the train stop

about time: subject + time + predicate
我每天喝红酒 I drink wine every day
 Basic Grammar
particles which suggest aspects:
the past: the present: the future:
了;过 在;中 会;要;将
I’ve eaten some sandwiches I’m eating a sandwich I’ll grab some sandwiches

我吃了⼀些三明治; 我会吃些三明治
我正在吃(⼀个)三明治
我吃过⼀些三明治
我要吃些三明治
 Basic Grammar
Duration phrases directly follow the verb.
Unlike English,
there is no preposition associated with the expression of duration in Mandarin.

我在波兰待了⼀年了 I’ve been living in Poland for one year

Adverbs occur at the beginning of the predicate, before the verb and any prepositional
phrase.
Adverbs usually occur after the ‘time when’ phrase.

仅限成⼈ adults only

上个月我只吃了⼀个三明治 I only ate one sandwich last month

 Basic Grammar
In Mandarin, the order of phrases in questions is identical to the order of phrases in
statements.

(你)想喝⼀杯茶吗? Do you fancy a cup of tea?

好啊, (我)想喝⼀杯茶 yeh, I do fancy a cuppa

吗,呢,啊,呀,呦,嘛 etc, indicate questions

(你)在做什么呢? what are you doing?

(我)没做什么 I’m doing nothing

Kinship
 Kinship, 18 Generations
鼻祖 ⼦
远祖 孙
太祖 曾孙
烈祖 自⼰ ⽞孙
天祖 来孙
⾼祖 晜孙
曾祖 仍孙
祖⽗ 云孙
⽗母 耳孙
诛灭九族😟
Dziękuję very much
谢谢
🥳 🙃