National Roadmap for Nuclear Power

Programme - INDONESIA

Budi Santoso
Planning Bureau
National Nuclear Energy Agency - BATAN

Technical Meeting
On Topical Issues in the Development of Nuclear Power Infrastructure
Vienna Austria, 31 January - 3 February 2017
 OUTLINE

Introduction

Nuclear Power Programme in

Indonesia

Status of Infrastructure

Indonesia – Experimental Power Reactor

INTRODUCTION
 INDONESIA

Archipelagic country with >17,000 islands, population of 252 million

people, with various electricity ratios and industrial development scale
 OVERVIEW
 Primary energy needs projection and electricity needs in 2025
and 2050 according to the National Energy Policy (KEN):
– Demand for primary energy will reach approximately 400 MTOE in 2025 and
1000 MTOE in 2050
– Power plant capacity target in 2025 is 115 Gwe, and in 2050 it is about 430
GWe. (Installed capacity in 2016 was about 55 GWe)
• Government strongly encourages the growth and use of new
and renewable energy (NRE). Nuclear energy belongs to NRE
and is positioned as the last option (Gov. Reg. 79/14)
• However, on June 22, 2016 the President has requested a
national roadmap be prepared, a power reactor research be
built and international networks be established.
 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT
THIRD PLENARY SESSION OF NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCIL
Press Release
No: 02/Humas/2016, Date: 22 June 2016

One of the conclusions of the 3rd plenary session: bellow:

President emphasized that a roadmap should be established for
development of nuclear option. That nuclear as the final option” as
stated in the National Energy Policy (KEN), has been defined in the
Action Plan / General Planning of Nuclear Energy (RUEN) as follows:
a. Constructing experimental power reactor and reactor laboratory for
nuclear experts to express, interact and work, as well as providing
support to conduct research in nuclear field in order to preserve
knowledge already gained
b. Encouraging international cooperation so as to keep up with the
advancements of technology
 ENERGY POLICY: Indonesia Energy Demand Projection Growth
to 2050 Based on National Energy Policy (Gov Reg 79 year 2014)

• Projection Scenario based on : Economic growth, population

growth, industrial and transportation growth, electricity
energy demand growth.
• The Government strongly encourages the growth and use of
new and renewable energy (NRE).
• Nuclear is part of NRE and it is now positioned as the last
option. The President has delivered a speech at a session of the
National Energy Council (DEN) on June 22, 2016 to
immediately establish a roadmap of nuclear power plants,
build a power reactor research and establish international
networks
 Clustering NRE based on Act 30/2007 on Energy
Systematic Effort, planned, and integrated to conserve
KE domestic energy resources and improve efficiency
utilization(GR 70/2009 Energy Conservation)
Energy
Conservation
Batubara Tercairkan (Liquefied Coal)
Gas Metana Batubara (Coal Bed Methane)
Batubara Tergaskan (Gasified Coal)
EB Nuklir (Nuclear)
EBTKE Hidrogen (Hydrogen)
New Energy

Panas Bumi (Geothermal)

EBT Hidro (Hydro)
Bioenergi (Bioenergy)
ET Surya (Solar)
Angin (Wind)

Renewable Energy
Nuclear Power Programme in Indonesia
 BATAN AND BAPETEN FUNCTION

Act No 10./1997
on Nuclear Energy

NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY -BATAN NUCLEAR ENERGY REGULATORY AGENCY -BAPETEN
Promoting Body Regulatory Body
To conduct R&D promotion on nuclear energy To control the use of nuclear energy
REACTOR TYPE : Act 10/1997 and GR 2/2014

POWER REACTOR
Non-Commercial
Commercial

Non-Commercial
NON POWER
REACTOR Commercial

Non Commercial: BATAN

Commercial : State company (BUMN), Private, Cooperative
 CURRENT STATUS OF NPP SITE STUDY IN INDONESIA
East Kalimantan Site
Batam Site West Kalimantan Site ……..
…….. Pre-FS (Energy Planning) (2013)
Pre-Site Survey (2014)

Bangka Sites
Pre-FS (2010-
2011),
Feasibility
Study (2011-
2013)

Muria Site
Banten Site
Evaluation (1991-1996),
……..
Serpong selected as site for Monitoring of meteorology and
Indonesia Experimental Power microseismic (present time)
Reactor
With many islands and varieties of demands and grid infrasructure, Indonesia
needs to look at both large NPPs and SMRs
 CURRENT STATUS:
Electricity Generation in Indonesia and Nuclear Option

Indonesia committed to • Electrification ratio of 88.30% in 2015, not equally distributed among
voluntarily reduce GHG regions. 4 provinces have electrification ratio less than 70%.
emissions 29% by its own • Electricity consumption per capita remained low at 910 kWh in 2015.
efforts or achieve 41%
• 35 GW program with commercial operations target in 2019. By 2016
with international
assistance in 2030. as much as 19,120 MW (or 55%) contracts (PPA) have been signed.
• Need to fulfill energy demand especially using New and Renewable
Energy (NRE) during 2025-2050
• Indonesia has committed through the COP 21 to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions by 29% in 2030

Nuclear can contribute to meet energy demand, increase share

of NRE and support COP 21 target
 INDONESIA NUCLEAR ENERGY ROADMAP

In 2017, Directorate General of New, Renewable Energy and Energy

Conservation will set up a roadmap of NPP as a mandated also by
national energy master plan. The roadmap consist of :
• Preparing the technological aspects of NPP
• Fuel type,
• Location,
• Safety,
• Legal system (regulation, standard, etc)
• Readiness funding and human resources,
• etc.

14
Status of Infrastructure
 INFRASTRUCTURES FOR NPP INTRODUCTION
• Self assessment of 19 NPP infrastructures readiness was
completed in October 2009.
• An INIR mission for Phase 1 was conducted in November,
2009. The results show that Indonesia has done extensive
preparatory work on most infrastructure issues that
would allow the country to make decision to further
consider introduction of nuclear power, i.e. to go from
phase 1 to phase 2 in Milestone approach. However,
three aspects remain to be met, i.e. National Position,
Management, and Stakeholder Involvement
• After INIR Mission there have been some significant work
with regard to NPP preparation, e.g. comprehensive
Bangka Feasibility Study
STATUS OF NPP INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
IAEA INIR MISSION

 Indonesia has done Phase 1

(based on self-evaluation and the
Integrated National
Infrastructures Review Mission -
IAEA), except for the aspect of
National Position, Management,
and Stakeholder Involvement.
 National Positions is a key
element in nuclear power plant
construction program, is expected
to be met by forming / functioning
of the institution responsible for
nuclear power programs in
Indonesia, or NEPIO.
 NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME AND STAKEHOLDER
INVOLVEMENT

Government: Local Government: Youth & Scientific

• Regulation
• Technology Selection
• Education, Socialization
• Licensing
• Safety
• Political Decision
• National Program
Legislative: Community and NGO:
• Compliance with Law
• Safety Assurance
• National/Local Benefit
• Political Decision
• Regulation Community
• Local human resources
• Safety Assurance involvement
• Local Benefit • Local benefits
• Political Decision • Safety aspects
• Social and Environment • Education, Socialization
• Social Networking
Impact
• Job opportunities
Media:
• Safety Assurance
• News worthy Information
• Job
• Local Benefit
• Safety Assurance
• Environment and social • Public Information and
impact Opinion
 PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE BASED ON ANNUAL
SURVEY 2010-2015
100.0%

75.3% 77.5%
Fukushima NPP 72.0%
75.0%
Fukushima
Acc
59.7% 60.4%
49.5% 52.9%
50.0%

25.0%

0.0%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
 REGULATIONS ON NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

Act 10/1997
Nuclear
Energy

GR 33/2007 GR 29/2008 on GR 54/2012 GR 58/2015

GR 61/2013 GR 2/2014
Radiation Safety Licensing of Safety & Security Safe Transport
Radioactive Licensing of
& Security of Ionizing Radiation of Nuclear of
Waste Nuclear Inst.
Radioactive Sources & Installations Radioactive\
Management & Materials
Sources Nuclear Material & Material Material

BCR 5/2007 Safety

BCR 3/2011 Safety BCR 4/2009
Safety Requirements Safety Requirements
Safety Requirements Decommissioning
Requirements for Construction of for Commissioning
Requirements for Operation of of
for Site Evaluation Nuclear of NPPs
for Design of NPPs NPPs Nuclear Reactors
of Nuclear Reactors Installations
Indonesia – Experimental Power Reactor
 INDONESIA
Experimental Power Reactor (I-EPR)
Location : PUSPIPTEK SERPONG
Power : 10 MWth
Technology : HTGR
Construction : 2018-2022
Comissioning / Operation : 2022/2023
Project Status : Completion of pre-project of the

• Development of the experimental power reactor of I-EPR is an innovative way and

one of the entry points in the utilization of nuclear energy in Indonesia
• In line with the regulation in which BATAN has an authority to build and operate
non- commercial NPP
• Development of I-EPR is also a strategic effort for mastering nuclear energy project
management, engineering capacity building and human resource development to
strengthen the role of Technical Supporting Organization (TSO).
• I-EPR will be a FOAK (First of a Kind) for future Indonesia’s commercial NPPs
I-EPR Development Basis

• Act No 17 Year 2007: National Long Term

Development Planning
Mandate from the Act: During 3rd Mid Term
Development Plan (RPJM) 2015-2019: starting
nuclear energy utilization for electricity by
considering strict safety factor.
• Government Regulation No.2 Year 2014 : Licensing
of Nuclear Installation and Utilization of Nuclear
Material
Article 5:
(1) Construction, Operation, and Decommissioning
of Non-Commercial Power Reactor or Non-
Commercial Non-Power Reactor is implemented
by BATAN
• President Regulation 2/2015: National Mid Term
Development Planning 2015-2019 states mandate
to for implementing small scale of NPP
• The result of public opinion polling 2016 77.5 %
agree to NPP
 POTENTIAL UTILIZATION OF HTGR
Desalination, District Heating
Urea Synthesis
Wood Pulp Manufacture
De-sulfurization of Heavy Oil
Petroleum Refineries
Town Gas
Styrene (ethylebenzene)
Ethylene (naptha, ethana)
Hydrogen (Steam Reforming)
Gasification of Coal
Electricity Generation (Gas
Turbine)
Iron Manufacturing
Cement Manufacturing
Glass Manufacturing
HTGR technology in the world
• Dragon 20 MWth (British): 1963-1976
• AVR, 46 MWth (Germany) : 1967-1988
• Peach Bottom, 115 MWth (USA): 1967-
1974
• THTR (Jerman), 700 MWth (Germany):
1986-1989
• HTTR, 30 MWth (Japan): 1998-now
• HTR 10, 10 MWth (China), 2000-now
• HTR PM, 2 x 250 MWth (China). Under
construction.
• Master Plan for 6 x 250 MWth.
ROADMAP OF NPP DEVELOPMENT
 ROADMAP FOR I-EPR
2030

2030
2026

2025
2023

2019 2022
5.
Commercialization
2014 2018 4. NRE Laboratory

2014 3. Commissioning -
Operation
2. EPC

1. Pre-Project

Option 1 Option 2

• Bidding • G to G
• Multiple-year funding • Assurance of funding
 REGULATORY APPROACH
Licensing Applications based on Government Regulations No 2/2014)

Site Design Construction Operation

Site Permit
Evaluation Approval License License

Some Remarks:
• Uniqueness of reactor (HTGR) which is not a water-based reactor
• Limited availability of documents/references for non-water based reactors.
BAPETEN has approached other HTGR countries and the IAEA.
• Some additional regulations for siting, design, and construction are under way:
(i) Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installation, (ii) Geotechnical Aspects of Site
Evaluation and Foundation for NPP, (iii) SAR for NPP and SSC in NPP, (iv)
Construction for Nuclear Installations
• Adjustments for existing regulations are required to accommodate HTGR
technology and safety requirements post Fukushima
 STATUS OF I-EPR PROJECT
1. Site Evaluation for Site Permit (2014-2016)
• Site Evaluation Program (SEP) and Management System of Site Evaluation
have been approved by BAPETEN on 25 February 2015
• Site Permit is under evaluation by BAPETEN
2. Pre-Project Activities (2015)
• Conceptual Design & Front End Engineering Design
• Integrated FS
• Design Information Questionnaire, Reactor Main Data, EPC Bidding
document, PSAR
3. Environmental Impact Assessment (2015)
• TOR EIA has been approved by Ministry of Environment
• EIA has been presented and still under evaluation
4. Cooperation and International Agreement for supporting the Project
• China, Japan, Russia
• IAEA
5. Public Acceptance
• BATAN has conducted intensive socialization for the community around the
project site, employees of Puspiptek area , as well local governments
 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

Indonesia visited vendor countries such as China, Germany, Japan, South Africa,
and Russia to discuss about the technology and regulatory aspects
 COOPERATION WITH THE IAEA
• Supports from NPTDS - Department of Nuclear Energy, and Technical Cooperation
in the form of workshops at BATAN and BAPETEN headquarters, inviting IAEA and
international experts; also conduct of scientific visits and fellowships to other
countries

Workshop on Pebble Bed HTGR Workshop on Modular HTGR Coated

Design, in Serpong, 28 Sep-2 Oct Particle Fuel Safety and Supporting Workshop on Modular HTGR Safety
2015 Analysis, in Jakarta, 5-9 Dec 2016 Philosophy, Safety Requirements and
Evaluation, in Jakarta, 13-16 Dec
Review of design and safety 2016
documents, in Serpong, Dec
IAEA Workshops in
2016 Indonesia Scientific Visits to China
Fellowship at the IAEA, Dec and Germany, 2016
2016 – Feb 2017
 SOCIALIZATION AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION
BATAN has conducted intensive socialization in the community around the project
site in Serpong, as well as employees of Puspiptek and local governments
POSSIBILITY FOR COMERCIALIZATION OF I-EPR
Thank you