海外工程特别厉害的实用英语口语

国际工程管理教学丛书
INTERNATIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT TEXTBOOK SERRIES
国际工程管理实用英语口语
―――承包工程在国外
PRACTICAL ENGLISH OVERSEAS CONSTRUCTION
张永波刘英编著
中国建筑工业出版社
Hapydong 纯手工整理
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CONTENTS 目录
UNIT 1 INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL................................................................................................................3
UNIT 2 SETTLING DOWN...............................................................................................................................9
UNIT 3 POSSESSING AND LAYING OUT THE SITE..............................................................................16
UNIT 4 PROCURING THE GOODS (1)................................................................................................23
UNIT 5 PROCURING THE GOODS (2)................................................................................................32
UNIT 6 TRAINING EQUIPMENT OPERATORS..................................................................................39
UNIT 7 MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL LABOUR.....................................................................................46
UNIT 8 MEETINGS (1).............................................................................................................................54
UNIT 9 MEETINGS (2).............................................................................................................................62
UNIT 10 MEETINGS (3).............................................................................................................................67
UNIT 11 MEETINGS (4).............................................................................................................................71
UNIT 12 PAYMENT.....................................................................................................................................75
UNIT 13 SITE VISIT A GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL................................................................................80
UNIT 14 ENTERTAINING ON CHINESE NEW YEAR’S EVE.............................................................85
UNIT 15 CONSTRUCTION CLAIM..........................................................................................................89
UNIT 16 FORMING A JOINT VERTURE.................................................................................................95
UNIT 17 TAKING OVER THE WORKS..................................................................................................101
UNIT 18 THE OWNER THROWS A CELEBRATING BANQUET..........................................................107
Appendix I 附录一......................................................................................................................................112
Appendix II 附录二..................................................................................................................................118
第一单元国际旅行......................................................................................................................................118
第二单元生活安置......................................................................................................................................119
第三单元现场占用与布置.............................................................................................................................121
第四单元采购货物（一）.............................................................................................................................123
第五单元采购货物（二）.............................................................................................................................125
第六单元培训设备操作工.............................................................................................................................127
第七单元管理当地劳务.................................................................................................................................129
第八单元会议（一）.............................................................................................................................132
第九单元会议（二）.............................................................................................................................134
第十单元会议（三）.............................................................................................................................135
第十一单元会议（四）.........................................................................................................................136
第十二单元支付......................................................................................................................................137
第十三单元政府官员参观现场.....................................................................................................................138
第十四单元大年除夕宴请.............................................................................................................................140
第十五单元施工索赔..................................................................................................................................141
第十六单元组建联营体.............................................................................................................................143
第十七单元工程验收............................................................................................................................144
第十八单元业主举行庆祝宴会.....................................................................................................................146
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UNIT 1 INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL
China Overseas Construction Company (COOC) is awarded a contract for a hydroelectric

project in Central America. Mr. Bian, the project manager and his assistant, Mr. Zhang are
leading a group of engineers, technicians and other site management staff to where the
project is going to be executed. Because there’s no direct flight available from china to the
destination, they decide to go there by way of San Francisco, USA.
1. On Board the Plane
Stewardess: (At lunch time) What would you like to have, sir? We have fried chicken, fish
and beef.
Zhang: Fish, please.
Stewardess: How about a drink, coke, orange juice or beer.
Zhang: Do you have tea?
Stewardess: Sorry. We don’t serve tea at lunch.
Zhang: Then, a coke, please.
Stewardess: (To Mr. Bian, who is sitting next to Mr. Zhang) And you, sir?
Zhang: Nothing right now, I’m feeling a bit airsick .
Stewardess: I’ll see if I can get you some tablets for airsickness. Just a moment, please.
Zhang: Thank you very much.
2. Arrival at San Francisco Airport
(After a flight of more than twenty hours, they have landed at San Francisco Airport.)
I.O: (At the immigration counter) Passport, please. Landing card, too.
Zhang: Here you are.
I.O: What’s the purpose of your journey?
Zhang: We’re in transit. Actually, we’re going to Central America to executed a construction
project. You see, all of us are in group. Most of us are engineers and technicians.
I.O: My brother is an engineer, too. He builds bridges. How long do you plan to stay
here?
Zhang: Just two days.
I.O: Everything seems to be OK. Please proceed to Customs next.
*******************************************************************************************************
C.O: (At the Customs counter) Your declaration from, please.
Zhang: Here it is.
C.O: Anything else to declare?
Zhang: I don’t think so.
C.O: What’s in this bag?
Zhang: Just some personal belongings.
C.O: OK. That’s all.
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3. Check-in at the Airport
(After two day’s stopover in San Francisco , Mr. Bian and his fellow workers are going to
take TACA Airlines Flight No. 375 to the destination . They’re in the airport terminal and
are looking for the check-in counter. )
Zhang: Excuse me, where’s the check-in counter of TACA Airlines,
please?
Clerk: Go down this corridor until the end. Turn left and you’ll see the signs on your right.
You can’t miss it.
Zhang: Thanks a lot.
*******************************************************************************************************
A.C: (At the Check-in counter) Good morning. Ticket and passport, please.
Zhang: Good morning. We’re in group. Here are all the tickets and passports.
A.C: How many people in the group.
Zhang: Fourteen in all.
A.C: Any seat preference.
Zhang: Two windows seats for Mr. Bian. And me in the non-smoking section. Oh, my
name’s zhang. This passport is mine. For the others, …let me check .
(Checking with his fellow workers)
Zhang: They’d prefer any seats in the smoking section.
A.C: How many pieces of baggage do you want to check?
Zhang: Two for each of us. By the way, what’s the baggage allowance?
A.C: Seventy pounds for each passenger and the weight limit for each piece is forty-
five pounds. Put these four big cartons and that suitcase on the scale then, one
by one.
Zhang: I hope they’re not overweight.
(After weighing all the things)
A.C: No, you’re OK. Now, let me put on the baggage tags.
Zhang: Do we have to tear off the old baggage tags.
A.C: (Humorously) Yes, if you don’t want your baggage to come back.
(The A.C laughs, Then Zhang laughs, too.)
A.C: Your boarding cards and passports.
Zhang: Thanks. What’s the boarding gate number?
A.C: Gate seven. Have a good flight, gentlemen.
Zhang: Thank a lot.
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
construction company 施工公司，建筑公司

award a contract 授予合同
hydroelectric project 水电项目
Central America 中美洲
project manager 项目经理
site management 现场管理人员（总称），现场管理机
构
direct flight 直达航班
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available 可以得到的，可以利用的
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destination 目的地
fried chicken 炸鸡
beef 牛肉
orange juice 橘子汁
stewardess 航空小姐
airsick 晕机
passport 护照 tablet
药片
in transit 过境
construction project 建筑项目，工程项目
Customs 海关 declare
申报 belongings
所有物，物品
check-in 登记，报到
colleague 同事
airline 航空公司 stopover
中途停留，逗留
flight number 航班号
airport terminal 机场候机大厅
corridor 走廊，通道 sign
标牌，标记
A.C=airline clerk 航空公司职员
preference 爱好，偏爱
baggage 行李 allowance
许可量，限额
carton 纸板箱 suitcase
手提箱，衣箱
overweight 超重的
tag 标签
boarding card 登机卡
boarding gate 登机门
San Francisco 圣弗兰西斯科，即“旧金山”
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. direct flight: 直达航班。英语中还可以说 non-stop flight

2. by way of: 取道，经由
例如： They are going to Algeria by way of Paris.（他们将取道巴黎去阿尔及利亚。）
The construction team returned to China by way of Karachi.
（施工队经由卡拉奇回到中国）
3. What would you like to have for lunch? 您午饭来点什么？请注意句中 have 一词的用
法
背景与指南 ( BACKGROUND AND DIRECTIONS)
我们知道，去国外承包工程，就需要我们派遣有关技术人员和管理人员到国外去，这就
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涉及到国际旅行( International Traveling ) 的问题，因而，作为从事国际工程的有关人员就
需要学习一些旅途用语和了解一些飞行常识，以便顺利地到达工程施工所在国。
一般说来，一个项目的人员往往分批而行，由于人多事杂，大家要相互照应，注意到好
自己的物品，尤其是护照（Passport）和机票（Ticket）。登机前，要到有关航空公司的机场
服务台（Check-in Counter）凭机票和护照领取登机卡（Boarding Card），并办理托运行李
手续。注意，在行李标签上一定要填写清楚你的姓名和将行李托运到的地方，填写名字时，
要哦注意英语的 Given Name 是“名”，而 Last Name/Family Name/Surname 则指的是姓，
以免取行李时遇到麻烦。航空公司对免费托运的行李重量有一定的限额（baggage
allowance），
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一般为七十磅（约为三十二公斤），超重中的部分要缴纳托运费，而且费用很高，所以，登
机前要问清楚，尽可能避免超重。另外，对每件行李的重量也有限制。
在飞机上，用餐时免费的，饮料一般也是免费的，但是有些航班对供应的各种不含酒精
的饮料（Soft Drinks）不收费，对供应的啤酒（Beer）却是收费的。要喝啤酒，可要做好空
中小姐（Stewardess/Air Hostess）向你“one dollar, please.”（请付一美元。）的准备哟。
在到达目的地前，机上服务人员就会发给你两张表格，一张是旅客入境卡（Landing Card）
和另一张是海关申报单（Customs Statement）。在每座位靠背后的袋子里一般都有旅客须
知之类的小册子（Brochure），里面有告诉旅客怎样填写的是说明和范例，可供参考。下飞机
后，你得先到机场移民局，交上旅客入境卡，移民局官员在检查你的护照和签证并询问一些
问题之后，若没有发现问题，就会让你入境。接下来你需要到领取行李处（Baggage Claim
Area）领取行李。最后再到海关（Customs）交上海关申报表，办理入关手续。
如果你是过境（in transit），在过境国短暂停留几天后，还须换机（Change Planes）
向工程实施所在国继续飞行。到机场候机大厅后，若所乘航班办理登机手续的服务台不好
找，可向机场内的工作人员询问，他们将会很乐意地给予帮助。在得到人家的帮助之后，
可别忘了说一句“Thank you.”呀。
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UNIT 2 SETTLING DOWN
After such a long-distance international flight, the construction crew has finally arrived at
the destination. Despite the jet lag and the inconvenience of their stay in the hotel,
everyone is busy making preparations for the commencement of the big job, studying the
technical data and specifications, discussing the construction plan, and so on.
1. Renting a House
(Mr. Zhang, assistant of the project manager, is making telephone calls, trying to rent
a house for the accommodations of the crew.)
Zhang: Hello, may I speak to Mr. Neal, please.
Neal: Speaking, What can I do for you, sir?
Zhang: I’m calling about your advertisement in “People’s Pulse”. Have you got a house
for rent?
Neal: Well, I did have a house for rent. But it’s been let out.
Zhang: Sorry to hear that. By the way, do you know anyone who has a house for rent
nearby?
Neal: Let me see. My friend Sam told me a few weeks ago that he wanted to rent his
house. I think it’s a big house. You could check with him.
Zhang: That’s just what we’re looking for. What’s his telephone number, please?
Neal: 2237.
Zhang: Could I have your friend’s name again?
Neal: Sam, Sam Carter.
Zhang: Tanks a lot. Bye.
*******************************************************************************************************
Zhang: Good morning. I’d like to speak to Mr. Carter, please.
Man: Sorry, there’s no one here by that name.
Zhang: What’s your telephone number then?
Man: 2337.
Zhang: I’m very sorry, I must have dialed the wrong number.
*******************************************************************************************************
Zhang: Hello, is Mr. Carter there?
Woman: Just a minute. He’s coming.
Carter: Hello. Carter speaking. Who is calling, please?
Zhang: My name’s Zhang. I have been told have a house for rent. Is it still available?
Carter: Yes. It’s a two-storey building with six bed-rooms on the first floor and two on the
ground floor. It has two bathrooms, one on each floor. There’s a good kitchen
where you could do cooking. We also have a cable TV and a telephone that you
can use in the house.
Zhang: Perhaps it’s just what we need. What’s the monthly rent?
Carter: How long will the lease be?
Zhang: About four months.
Carter: Then two thousand dollars. And the rent is due at the end of each month. You
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can use all the utilities, but you have to pay all the bills including the telephone
service, cable TV, water, gas and electricity. By the way, you also have to pay a
security deposit of one thousand dollars.
Zhang: Is there any space for office work in the house?
Carter: There is a big sitting room on the ground floor. I think it’s where you can do your
office work.
Zhang: One more thing, are we allowed to install a fax machine in the house if we take it?
Probably we will need one.
Carter: Yes, if you like. But you have to pay all the costs for it.
Zhang: Good. Would it be possible for us to go there and have a look tomorrow?
Carter: Any time before four o’clock in the afternoon. You can come to Okis Restaurant
I’m running here in Benque, Cayo District. It’s on George Street. Benque is a
small town. Everyone here know Okis. I can wait for you here.
Zhang: OK. We will go there tomorrow, around ten o’clock in the morning. Will that be
well all right with you?
Carter: OK. See you tomorrow, sir.
Zhang: Thank you. Mr. Carter. See you tomorrow morning.
2. Subletting the Construction Camp
(Mr. Yang from COCC has made an appointment by telephone with Mr. Howell, President
of World Shelters, a local company which specializes in residential buildings. They are
going to talk about the possibility of subletting the construction camp to World Shelters.)
Receptionist: Good morning, sir. Can I help you?
Yang: Good morning. I have an appointment with Mr. Howell at 9.
Receptionist: Your name, sir?
Yang: Yang, from COCC, the Hydro.
Receptionist: Ah, yes. Mr. Howell is expecting you in his office. Let me show you in. This
way, please.
Yang: Thank you.
(Entering Mr. Howell’s office)
Howell: Hello, Mr. Yang. Very pleased to meet you in
person. Yang: Very pleased to meet you, too, Mr. Howell.
Howell: Take a seat, please.
Yang: Thank you.
Howell: Well, how is everything going, Mr. Yang?
Yang: Not too bad. Just busy. We’re quite new here, you know.
Howell: What’s your first impression of our country?
Yang: It’s a beautiful country with plenty of primeval forests. People here are friendly and
very easy to get along with. It seems to me that most of the people here speak
quite different English. It’s hard to understand them sometimes.
Howell: You will soon get used to it. Only officials, teachers and businessmen speak
standard English.
Yang: So it seems.
Howell: Let’s get down to business, Mr. Yang. You asked me on the phone whether we
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would like to bid for a construction camp to accommodate eighty men. Could
you put it in more detail, please?
Yang: As you know, the camp will mainly be for the accommodation of about eighty
Chinese men who will be working for the Hydro. It includes double occupancy
staff units, four man occupancy units for workers and cooks, a kitchen and dining
unit, shower bath units, office units, a conference room and a recreation unit.
Howell: So the camp will accommodate about eighty men. Do you have any specific
requirements?
Yang: I would like to hear your recommendation.
Howell: In my opinion, there’s kind of prefabricated house which is most suitable for such
a camp. It’s easy and economical to transport, fast to erect and very convenient
to dismantle for either relocation or disposal when the whole project is completed.
Yang: Sounds fine. What’s it made of?
Howell: Light concrete slabs. They are often imported from a local supplier in El Salvador.
Yang: Good. Would you please give us a quotation for such a camp on a turn-key basis
as soon as possible?
Howell: All right. Where will the camp be located?
Yang: Somewhere on Arenal Road in Benque Town, Cayo District. I’ll let you know right
after we finalize it with the Owner.
Howell: Who will be responsible for leveling the ground for the camp site?
Yang: We will do that. You will be responsible for the water and power supply. One
more thing, this is a duty-free project. So everything imported for it is duty-free.
Please take it into consideration in your quotation.
Howell: In that case, our quotation will be much lower.
Yang: We really appreciate that.
Howell: When do you want the camp to be completed?
Yang: Within sixty days, starting from our notice to commence the work.
Howell: OK. Mr. Yang. I hope we can be given the opportunity to work for you and if so,
we will hold ourselves responsible to you and I believe we will surely do a good
job.
Yang: I hope so, too.
construction crew 施工人员（总称）

jet lag 飞行时差
inconvenience 不方便
make preparation for 做准备
commencement 开始
technical data 技术资料
specification 技术规范，（产品）规格
construction plan 施工计划 rent a
house 租房
accommodation 居住，膳宿条件
assistant 助手，助理
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advertisement 广告
dial 拨（电话号码）
bathroom 浴室 cable
TV 有线电视
security deposit 保证金，押金
monthly rent 每月租金
lease 租期
due 到期的，应付的
bill 账单
gas 煤气，汽油（=gasoline）
office work 办公
sitting room 起居室
install 安装
fax machine 传真机
sublet 分包
camp 营地
have an appointment with 与……有约
local company 当地公司
residential building 住宅楼
impression 印象
get along with 与……相处
accommodate 容纳，提供（居宿）
shower bath 淋浴
recreation unit 娱乐室
specific requirement 具体要求
recommendation 推荐，建议
prefabricated 预制的
erect 安装，装配
dismantle 拆除
economical 经济的
convenient 方便的
relocation 搬迁
disposal 处理
light concrete slab 轻混凝土板
quotation 报价
on a turn-key basis 以交钥匙方式
finalize 确定
level the ground 平整场地
camp site 营地现场
duty-free 免税的
commence the work 开工
opportunity 机会
Benque 班卡（一小镇名）
Cayo District 卡肴区（地名）
El Savador 萨尔瓦多
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NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. Speaking。: 这是打电话时的用语。当接电话的人正好是对方要找的人时，他就可以说
“Speaking.”，意思是“我就是”。
2. “People’s Pulse”，: “人民快报”，一报刊的名称。
3. a house for rent: 一座待出租房子，英语也可以说“a house to let”。
4. I did have a house for rent: 前些时候我的确有一座房子要出租。句中的“did”用于加
强语气。例如：Do come and see us when you have time.（有空一定来看我们呀。）I
do hope that this can be settled in an amicable way. （我真诚地希望这个问题能够友好
的解决。）
5. let out: 在这里是“租出”的意思。
6. You could check with him. : 你可以找他再核实一下。Check 在这里是“核实”，“查
一下” 的意思。
7. Could I have you friend’s name again? : 您能再告诉我你一遍你朋友的名字吗？这是一
种很礼貌的文化方式，相当于 Could you tell me your friend’s name again?。又例如：
Could I have the time, please?（请您告诉我一下时间好吗？）
8. Is it still available? : 这座房子是否还在有待出租？available 在这儿的意思是“仍可租得
到的”。
9. two-storey building: 两层的小楼房。
10. on the first floor: 这儿指的是“在第二层”，是英国用法，注意，英美人表示楼层的说法
不同，例如，“一层”英国人说 the ground floor, 而美国人说 the first floor，“二层”
英国人说 the first floor，而美国人说 the second floor，依此类推。
11. one more thing: 这是口语中常用的表达法，意思是“还有一件事（要说）”。英语也可
以说 one more thing to mention.
12. if we take it: 如果我们租下的话。Take 在口语中常表示“买下”，“租下”的意思，例
如，在商店看好自己需要买的物品之后，就可以说，OK, I’ll take it.（好吧，这个我买下
了。）
13. the Hydro 在这儿指的是 the Hydro-electric project（水电工程项目），是口语法。
14. Let me show you in. : 让我领您进去。Show sb. In 意思是“领某人进来/去”，show sb.
out
意思是“领某人出来/去”。
15. This way, please. : 请这边走。这是一个省略句，全句为 Take this way, please.为别人
领路时常说这句话。
16. Very please to meet you. : 很高兴见到您。这是初次见面时常说的一句话。
17. We’re quite new here. : 我们到这儿没多久。
18. Let’s get down to business. : 咱们谈正题吧。Get down to sth.意思是“着手做某事”，
“开始认真对待某事”，例如：get down to work（开始做工作）。
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19. bid for : 为……而投标。例如：bid for an irrigation 为一个灌溉工程项目而投标），
projec（t
bid for a cement works（为一个水泥厂项目而投标）。与该词组有相同意思的还有
tender for。
20. prefabricated house: 装配式房屋，活动房屋。 Prefabricated house 在口语中常用
prefab 来代替。Prefabricated 这个词在工程实施中常常使用，与它搭配的词很多，
例如： prefabricated construction （装配式施工）， prefabricated pile （预制桩）
prefabricated unit
（预制构件）。
21. owner: 业主。类似的词还有 employer（雇主），client（委托人），这三个词常用来指
某个项目的主办人。
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EXERCISES
1. When Zhang makes telephone calls to Mr. Neal and Mr. Carter, he beings his
conversations with “Hello, may I speak to Mr. Neal?”（您好，我想和 Neal 先生通
话。）， “Good moring, I’d like to speak to Mr. Carter, please?”（早上好，我想请
Carter 先生接电话。）， “Hello, is Mr. Carter there, please?”（您好，请问 Carter 先
生在吗？）。These are three common ways to start a telephone conversation when
you ask for somebody on the phone.
Now you try using the above expressions to start your telephone conversations.
1 ) A: 下午好，我想和你们经理 Clark 先生通话。我是 Macal 项目处的 Zhang.(Good
afternoon, may I speak to Mr. Clark, your manager? This is Zhang calling from Macal
Project. )
B: Just a minute, Mr. Zhang. I’ll put you through.
2 ) A: 您好，我想请你们的总经理 Silva 先生接电话。
(Hello, I’d like to speak to Mr. Silva, your president, please. )
B: I’m sorry, sir. Mr. Silva is now having a very important meeting and cannot take
any calls. Will you call him again later in the afternoon, please?
3 ) A: 早上好，请问 Harrison 先生在吗？.
(Good morning. Is Mr. Harrison there, please? )
B: I’m afraid Mr. Harrison is not in at the moment. Is there any message I can give him?
2. In the text, the word “responsible” appears in three sentence---“Who will be responsible
for leveling the ground for the camp site?” （哪一方负责平整营地的场地？）； “You’ll
be responsible for the water and power supply?”（但你方应负责供水供电。）；“… and
if so, we’ll hold ourselves responsible to you…”（…如果这样的话，我方将向你方负责
… ） . Often the word “responsible” is used in specifying and clarifying the
responsibilities between the parties to a contract during a negotiation.
Now you try doing the following:
1 ) A: We need all the data on hydrological and sub-surface conditions before we start the
job.
B: 我们可以提供相关资料，但你方应对这些资料的解释负责。
（We could provide relevant data to you, but you are responsible for your own
interpretation of them. ）
th
2 ) A: We require that you rectify the damages which happened to the Works on the 15 of
this month at your own cost.
B: 我们认为我方不应为此损坏负责，因为合同规定，工程的某一部分一旦移交给业主，
承包商不再承担保护该部分工程的义务，而损坏显然是有人故意破坏引起的。
（We don’t think that we are responsible for the damage. As stipulated in the contract,
once a part of the Works has been handed over to the Employer, the contractor shall
not have the obligation to protect it. Further, the damage is obviously due to
vandalism. ）
3 ) A: 如果我们接受你们指定的分包商，我们是否就其或其雇员的行为向你方负责？
（If we accept the subcontractor nominated by you, do we have to hold ourselves
responsible to you for his or his employees’ behavior? ）
B: 是的，如果他们有甚么过错的话，你们作为总承包商应为引起的一切后果负责。
（Yes, as the general contractor, you will be responsible for all the consequences
arising from their misconduct. ）
初到工程施工所在国，首先解决的就是居住（housing）问题。由于住旅馆既不经济也
不方便，因而，在自己的生活营地（man camp）建好之前，我们的施工人员一般都租一所
离工地较近又能自己做饭的房子。租房前，可以先了解一下当地租房的行情。你可以查看
当地报纸上的有关租房广告（advertisement），也可寻求业主的帮助或向你熟悉的当地人
（locals）打听有关信息。与房东（landlord/landlady）见面前，一般先打电话询问房子的
大致情况。如果认为房子合适的话，还可进一步问问租房的条件，包括每月租金
（rental），租期（lease），是否要押金（security deposit），房子中有哪些设施以及设施
使用费是否包含在租金中，等等。如果条件可以接受，可以约定时间亲自去看一下房子。
最后，双方还需要签订一个租赁协议
（sign a lease agreement）。由于刚刚到达工程施工所在国，承包商（contractor）的主要
施工人员没有到达，机械设
备也还没有运至现场（construction site），所以，施工营地（construction camp）的建设常
常分包给当地的建筑公司（local construction company）。一般情况下，承包商往往请业
主
（employer）向其推荐几家比较有信誉的当地公司，然后逐一去这些公司了解情况。在提出
了基本要求之后，让这些公司为承建营地的临时住房办公用房（residential）以及其它相应
设施报价（offer/bid），然后比较一下几家的方案和报价，从中择优。由于是临时工程
（temporary works ），承包商最好不要把要求提得太具体，但要强调经济实用，
以便让分包商
（subcontractor）根据当地的具体情况（如：气候，习惯等）提出自己的实施方案，使建造
营地的费用尽可能降低，从而获得较低报价。
UNIT 3 POSSESSING AND LAYING OUT THE SITE
To start the execution of the Works, the Contractor needs to take possession of the site
from the Owner and plan the layout of the whole site for approval by the Owner. The two
parties are discussing the matters in handing over arranging the site.
1. The Owner hands over the site late
(Mr. Bian, Project Manager from the Constructor, and Mr. Cheng, Chief Engineer, are
talking to the Owner’s Representative, Mr. Sukhnandan, who looks very young and
energetic, and the Consultant, Mr. Shaw, who seems to be quite experienced.)
……
Bian: Last week, we sent you a letter, asking you to hand over the whole site to us,
including the access road. But we haven’t received a reply yet. The Contract is
quite specific about this in its special conditions: Possession of the Site shall be
given to the Contractor on the date named in the Appendix 1, which is April 20,
1992. Today is April 26. It’s already one week late.
Sukh: I’m sorry about this, Mr. Bian. Unfortunately we have met with some difficulty in
requisitioning the land on the left bank of the river for the site areas. You know,
some of the land is privately owned and the owners won’t agree to sell the land,
nor do they want to grant us permission to use it because they are afraid that the
project will disturb their peaceful life.
Shaw: Some people here are obsessed with their traditional life. They don’t want to have
a change of their life! You’ll never understand them.
Cheng: It’s so puzzling! They should know that they will get benefit from this project. At
least they could get the lighting power easily, at a much lower price.
Sukh: We’ve already promised to provide them with electric power for lighting free of
charge. In return, they let us use their land for nothing.
Bian: When do you think you can solve the problem and make the whole site and make
the access road available to us? This is what we’re concerned about.
Shaw: At present, the access road has been built up to the dam site and we are
beginning to build the road to the power-house from the junction. It happens to be
the rainy season and the rains have slowed down our progress, but we are
making a great effort to finish it soon.
Sukh: So we can hand over to you the completed access road and the area on the right
bank so that you can begin the preparation work there. You can have them from
tomorrow. I’ll give you a letter of confirmation right after this meeting. Once we
solve our problem with the landowners, which I believe we can soon, we will hand
over the remaining part of the site area.
Bian: Mr. Sukhnandan, let me make it plan to you. The delay in handing over the site
area has adversely affected our construction plan. We have to request you to
extend the completion time of this project accordingly. Meanwhile, we reserve the
right to be reimbursed for any costs incurred because of the delay. Fifteen
engineers and technicians are already here waiting eagerly to start their jobs. A
lot
of preparation work needs to be done by us, especially the traffic road within the
site.
Sukh: I understand you position, Mr. Bian. As for the compensation, we’ll try to settle this
matter according to the contract.
Bian: To make this project a success, we need cooperation from each other.
Sukh: I couldn’t agree more.
2. Laying out the site
(To construct the works smoothly and efficiently, the site needs to be arranged properly.
Today, Mr. Bian and Mr. Cheng are talking to Mr. Sukhnandan about the plan to lay out the
whole site.)
Sukh: The other day, you told me that you were going to build up two camps on the site.
Could you elaborate on your plan, Mr. Bian?
Bian: According to our construction plan, our first camp, which we call “ Camp A”, will be
located at the junction of the two access roads leading to the dam and the
power-house. It will mainly be used for storage of construction materials, spare
parts, etc… A parking lot and a repair shop will be set within shis area. The
power bender will also be located here.
Sukh: What will be the size of this camp?
Bian: It will cover an area of about 4000 square meters.
Sukh: How much is that in acres? I am not quite familiar with the Metric System.
Bian: Sorry, we are not used to the British System.
Cheng: Just a minute. Let me work it out with my small calculator. Let’s see, …It’s 4785
square yards. About one acre.
Sukh: That’s acceptable. This piece of land belongs to the government. We’ll get it
approved soon. What about the other camp?
Bian: The other camp, which we call “Camp B”, is mainly for the accommodation of the
Chinese professionals and the offices. It’s also where we have our weekly and
monthly review meetings. What do you call this kind of camp?
Shaw: Man camp, to be specific, but it belongs to construction camp in general; or you
could say it’s part of the whole construction camp.
Sukh: There’s no clear distinction between these terms, even among professionals.
Where will it be located?
Bian: On the right-hand side of the access road, about half a mile from Camp A. It will
occupy approximately the same area.
Sukh: Why do you have to choose this area, Mr. Bian? It is a part of this country’s nature
preserve. Though our government is in full support of this project, it is will don’t
sanction it at the price of damaging its beautiful environment. I don’t think we
could get the approval from the appropriate department.
Bian: You see, this area is ideal for Camp B, It’s comparatively flat and this makes it
easy for us to build the houses for bedrooms and offices. The key point is, it’s
close to the job site and the source of a potable water supply. Once we are given
that piece of land, we’ll be strictly confined to it and do everything we can to keep
it in good order. Anyway, could you have a try with the government, please?
Sukh: OK, if you insist. But I don’t see much chance of its being approved.
Bian: Now, I would like Mr. Cheng to describe our plan to arrange the other temporary
facilities on the site.
Cheng: From our site investigations, we have found a piece a of land with a gentle slope,
where we want to locate the batching plant and the crushing system because it is
very close to the dam site and easy to be flattened.
Sukh: What’s the exact distance from the dam site and in which direction?
Cheng: It’s 500 meters, oh, around 1630 feet in your system, to the south of the dam site,
on the right bank of the River. If we can get the approval, it will facilitate our
concrete production and transportation.
Sukh: Will you submit to us all the layouts of the temporary works together with a letter
of application? We’ll try to get them approved soon, if possible.
Bian: The sooner, the better.
Sukh: I will do my best, but I can’t commit myself go getting the approval. All I can
promise is that you will have a reply within a week, whether positive or negative.
Bian: That’s what the Contract says!
works 工程，工厂
take possession of 占有，占用
hand over 移交，交出
consultant 咨询顾问
chief engineer 总工程师
access road 进场道路
be specific about 对……有明确规定
appendix 附录，附属物
requisition 征用
left bank 左岸
grant permission 给予许可
disturb 打搅，打乱，妨碍
be obsessed with 对……着迷，抱着……不放
lighting power 照明用电
be concerned about 对……关心
dam site 坝址
power-house 电站厂房
junction （道路，河流等的）交叉处
rainy season 雨季
make an effort 努力
right bank 右岸
letter of confirmation 确认函
landowner 土地的主人
remaining part 剩余的部分
delay 延误，耽搁
extend the completion time 延长竣工时间
accordingly 相应地，因此
reserve 保留
reimburse 补偿
incur 导致，引起
construction material 施工材料
spare parts 备件
parking lot 停车场
repair shop 修理间
cover an area of 占……面积
metric system 公制
British system 英制
2
square yard 平方码（=0.836m ）
2
acre 英亩（=4047m ）
professional 专业人员
man camp 生活营地
belong to 属于
in general 大体上
nature preserve 自然保护区
at the price of 以……为代价
appropriate department 主管部门
ideal 理想的
flat 平坦的
job sit 工地
be confined to 限制……的范围内
in good order 秩序井然
crushing system 人工沙石系统
letter of application 申请函
commit oneself to 对……做出承诺，保证
positive 积极的
negative 消极的
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. layout: 布置图，计划。如：site layout（现场布置图），若写成 lay out，则为动词词组，

意思是“对……进行布置或定位”，如：lay out the site（对现场进行布置）。
2. approval: 批准，认可。其动词形式为“approve”，使工程管理中的常用词。
3. special conditions: 特殊条件，专用条件。它是合同文件一个重要组成部分，常被称为
“第二部分”（Part Ⅱ）,一般条件或通用条件英语为“general conditions”，常被称
为“第一部分”（Part Ⅰ）。
4. free of charge: 免费。有时 free 单独使用时也有“免费的”，“免税的”意思，如：a
free drink（一杯免费饮料），free discharge（免费卸货），free goods（免税进口的货
物）。
5. in return: 作为回报，作为报答。例如：The boss gave all the workers a rise, and in
return, they worked harder than ever. （老板给所有工人都涨了工资，作为报答，工人
们干活更卖力了。）
6. for nothing: 在这里也是“免费”的意思，相当于 free of charge。这个词组有时候还有
“徒然”的含义。例如：The flood came, so all the efforts made by the workers went
for nothing. （由于来了洪水，工人们所做的一切努力成了徒劳。）。
7. solve the problem: 解决问题。也可以说 work out the problem，常指解决难题，如果
说 “回答问题”，则说 answer the question，请注意这两个词组的搭配。另外，课文
中还出现了 settle the matter 这个词组，意思也是“解决问题”，常用来指解决法律和
合同方面的问题。
8. make … available: 意思是“提供……使其处于可使用的状态”，相当于 provide and
able to used。例如：Water and power will be made available on the site by July 1.（工
地在七月一号前通水通电。）
9. slow down: 降低速度，慢下来。它既可以是及物的，也可以是不及物的。例如：The
car slowed down. （汽车降低了速度。）Failure of the excavator to work efficiently
greatly slowed down the progress of the excavation.（挖掘机工作效率不高大大地降低
了开挖的速度。）
10．Make … plain: 将…讲清楚。这个词组中的 plain 意思是“明白的”，“清楚易懂的”，
等于 clear 。例如： It is plain to everybody that the delay was caused by the flood
event.（大家都清楚延误是由洪水事件引起的。）
11. as for: 至于，在……方面。
12. according to the contract: 根据合同，按照合同。也可以说 in accordance with the
contract，但多见于书面。
13. elaborate on: 对…做进一步详尽的说明。这个词组相当于 add more detail to。例如：
Just tell us the facts, please. Don’t elaborate on them. （请告诉我们事实，不要多作解
释）。
14. storage: 储藏，保管。如：put the goods in storage（将货物入库），storage yard
（储料场）。
15. be familiar with: 对…很熟悉，精通。例如：He is very familiar with the contract
documents（他对合同文件十分熟悉）。This engineer is familiar with both English and
Arabic（这个工程师既精通英语，又精通阿拉伯语）。
16. work out: 计算出，解决，制定。如：work out all the expenses（计算出所有开支），
work out a problem（解决一个难题）， work out a plan（制定一项计划）。
17. be used to: 习惯于，被用来。请注意当这个词组作“习惯于”讲时，后面接名次或动
名词，当作“被用来”讲时，后面接动词不定时。例如：The workers have been used
to working at night. （工人们已习惯于上夜班。）All the lumber will be used to make
formwork. （所有木材将被用来做模板）。
18．Potable water: 饮用水，也可以说 drink water，“工业用水”英语是 industrial water。
19. The sooner, the better: 越快越好。英语中两个比较级连用表示“越…越…”。例如：The
better you do the job, the more pay you’ll get. （你工作做得越好，得到的报酬越高）。
20. see much chance: 认为可能性很大。Chance: 可能性，机会，这个词构成的词组或句
型在口语中很常用，如 by chance （意外地）； chance are… （很可能 … ）； I’ll
chance it.（我冒一下险）；take one’s chance（碰运气）；stand a good chance（希
望很大）；stand no chance（没有希望）。
21. temporary facilities: 临时设施。
22. batching plant: 混凝土搅拌场，拌和楼。也可以说 batch plant。
EXERCISES
1. When Mr. Shaw talks about the construction of the access road, he says, “It happens to
be the rainy season and the rains have slowed down our progress.”（现在碰巧市雨季，
下雨降低了我们的进展德速度）。 “…happens to do (be) sth ” is a very useful
expression, meaning “正巧”。
1) 在开挖时，碰巧发现了一些古物。
(During the excavation, some antiques happened to be discovered. )
2) A: Have you seen David recently?
B: 昨天我在超级市场购物时正好见到他。
(I happened to see him when I was doing shopping in the supermarket yesterday.)
3) A: Was anyone injured in the cave-in accident?
B: 很幸运，塌方时碰巧所有人员都在隧洞外面，所以没有造成人员伤亡。
(Fortunately, all the people happened to be out of the tunnel when the cave-in occurred.
So no one got injured.)
2. Remember what Mr. Suknandan says when he responds to Mr. Bian’s request to
extend the completion time? He says, “ … As for the compensation, we’ll try to settle
the matter according to the contract. 至于补偿，我们将按合同努力解决。） The
（” phrase
“according to ” is used quite often during a negotiation, meaning“根据，按照”。
1) A: Why have you canceled the plan of tomorrow’s concrete placement?
B: 因为根据天气预报，明天将有大雨。
（Because, according to the weatherman, there will be a heavy rain tomorrow.）
2) 根据合同第十五条的规定，你方应于上月底之前向我方颁发该区段移交证书。
（You should have issued to us the taking-over certificate for the section by the end of
last month according to Clause 15 of the contract.）
3) A: Why do you reject the cement?
B: 按照技术规范，所有运到现场的水泥都应为标准重量的密封袋装水泥。散装水泥不
予验收。
（According the technical specifications, all the cement shall be delivered to the site
in sealed bags of standard weight. Bulk cement is not acceptable.）
3. When the Owner hands over the site late, Mr. Bian says, “Meanwhile, we reserve the
right to be reimbursed for any costs incurred by us because of the delay.” （我方保留
要求你方赔偿因耽搁而使我方导致的费用的权利。） “ reserve the right to ” is a very
useful phrase used in administration of contract, meaning“保留…权利”。
1) 因为这件事属于不可抗力，我们保留对此提出索赔的权利。
（Because this event is force majeure, we reserve the right to lodge a claim for it.）
2) 这仅仅是协议草案，我们保留对其修改的权利。
（As this is just a draft agreement, we reserve the right to modify it.）
3) 我们保留随时撤回此项授权的权利。
（We reserve the right to revoke this delegation at any time.）
为了能使承包商顺利地开工（commence the work），在国际工程承包（international
project contracting）合同中一般都对承包商占有市场（possession of the site）作出规定。
有的合同规定了业主给予承包商现场占有现场各部分的范围（extent）、顺序（order）及具
体日期（ date ）；有的则规定，在业主代表或业主的监理工程师签发开工令（ issue
commence order）同时，按照已批准的进度计划（approved program），由业主陆续提供
各期间施工所需的现场部分（potions of the site）。同时还规定，若业主不能按规定提供现
场，承包商有权获得相应的延期（ extension of time ）以及有关费用的补偿（ cost
compensation）。
由于能否及时占有现场直接关系到承包商是否顺利实施工程，承包商在施工准备阶段
（ construction preparation stage ）的最重要的任务之一就是督促业主将现场按时移交
（hand over the site on time）。一旦业主没按时移交现场，承包商要在合同规定的时间内，
向业主发出有关工期及费用的索赔意向通知（notification of his intention to claim），以弥
补自己的损失。
合理的现场布置有助于承包商高效率地进行工作（work efficiently）。生活营地（man
camp），材料储存场（storage area），混凝土搅拌场（batching plant），以及施工设备停
放场（parking lot）的安排要以便利施工为标准。但现场的布置一般要征得业主的同意。由
于环境保护等方面的原因，有时现场的设置还要经主管部门（appropriate department）审
批。承包商要尽力说服业主同意自己安排并寻求主管部门的批准。为此，承包商可向业主
做出一些有关承诺。
UNIT 4 PROCURING THE GOODS (1)
To get the project under way, a lot of equipment and materials are required. All these have
to be purchased or hired and delivered to the construction site. The purchasing clerks of
the Contractor make enquiries, negotiate supply contracts and, sometimes, hire equipment
that is needed for a short period only. If the goods are imported from a third country or the
home country of the Contractor, they will have to go through the Customs clearance
formalities and, therefore, a Customs agent is usually engaged by the Contractor.
1. Making an Enquiry
(Mr. Huang, who is in charge of purchasing the goods for the Hydro Project, is now in
Hurricane Trading Corporation enquiring of Mr. Chamberlain, Sales Manager of the
Corporation about some construction materials. )
Cham: Hello, Mr. Huang. How nice to see you again!
Huang: Nice to see you again, too, Mr. Chamberlain.
Cham: When did you come back to this country?
Huang: Only last week. How is the business?
Cham: Pretty good. I hear that COCC has won the contract to construct the hydro
works. Is that true?
Huang: You’re well informed! Yes, that’s why I am back. When I came here to study
the local market for the preparation of our bid last November, I told you that I
would come again for a detailed business talk with you once we got the contract.
Now, I am here again.
Cham: We really appreciate your visit, Mr. Huang. Our corporation has just expanded
business operations, thanks to increasing demand and our good reputation. In
addition to steel and lumber, we now also deal in such construction materials as
cement, bitumen and PVC pipes. Here is our new catalogue.
Huang: Thank you.
Cham: Do you have any idea of what to order from us?
Huang: Let me see. Please quote us for Catalogue no. 12, that is, Grade 60, A615 hot
rolled corrugated steel bars of size 3/8”x40’. Remember that if the price is
acceptable to us, we’ll place an order of not less than 50 tons for the first
delivery.
Cham: I know you’re a big potential customer for us. We’ll certainly give you a most
favorable price even for the first deal. I believe we will be able to build a good
business relationship with each other.
Huang: You said it. I wonder if you could supply cement according to our specification?
Cham: What is it, please?
Huang: According to our construction design, we are in urgent need of 500 tons of each
of Types 1 and 5 of Portland Cement, as per ASTM C ---150 specifications.
Cham: Fortunately, this happens to be within our line of business. Any preference
about the package? We can supply bagged cement as well as in bulk.
Huang: Good. So quote us the rate for bulk cement, please; we prefer early delivery.
Cham: As a rule, our delivery is two weeks after we receive an order from our
customer.
Is that acceptable to you?
Huang: Could it be ten days?
Cham: I’ll contact the manufacturer to see if it’s possible. Anyhow, I can promise you
that I’ll try my best.
Huang: Please also give us the technical data on the cement together with the
quotation.
We need to be sure of the exact heat of hydration, compressive strength and so
on before we order it.
Cham: No problem. The technical data are always available from the laboratory of the
manufacturer.
Huang: To be frank with you, I’ve enquired of several local trading companies and I’m
also waiting for their quotations, but I hope you will be chosen as our long-term
supplier.
Cham: Thanks. I’ll send you our quotation sheets to you in two days. Although we are
not the biggest supplier in this line, we’ll prove to you that we are the best.
2. Talking about the Transport
(An order has been placed for 500 tons of explosive for the Hydro-electric Project at FOB
price, Miami, the United States. A carrier has to found for the transportation from the
loading port to the construction site. Mr. Huang is talking to Mr. O’Neil, country manager of
Tropical Shipping, a very well-known international shipping company registered locally, on
this matter. )
Huang: On Wednesday, we faxed you our enquiry regarding freight rate for our ordered
explosive---Powermax, but we haven’t received your reply yet.
O’Neil: Sorry about that. You see, Mr. Huang, this commodity is listed as extremely
dangerous. We’ve had to take time to investigate the handling requirements.
Now that you are here, we can have a face-to-face talk.
Huang: What’s the result of your investigation?
O’Neil: First of all, we have to use containers for its transportation by sea to prevent the
explosive from being moistened and for the convenience of its loading and
discharge.
Huang: There’s one thing that worries me. This kind of explosive could be very
dangerous under high temperature. This is a tropical region and it’s quite hot all
the year around. If containers are used, how can the temperature inside them be
controlled?
O’Neil: Don’t worry about it, Mr. Huang. Through our investigation, we have found this
kind of explosive can be transported without danger as long as the temperature
does not exceed 125 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperatures inside the
containers are much lower than that even in the hottest weather of the dry
season. However, we have made careful plans and will take special precautions
to safeguard its transportation by sea.
Huang: How about the inland transport, that is, from the unloading port to the warehouse
on our site?
O’Neil: Lowboys will be used and the police will escort them all the way to your site in
line with our national security law.
Huang: What is a lowboy?
O’Neil: Just a kind of trailer with very low flat bed for carrying containers and major
equipment.
Huang: How often do you sail from Miami to the loading port in this country?
O’Neil: We have weekly sailings and can spread out your 500 tons any way you like.
Huang: And the freight rate?
O’Neil: 3000 US dollars per 20-foot container. The rate is all inclusive from the loading
port to your site.
Huang: I’m afraid it is too high.
O’Neil: You see, Mr. Huang, what we are talking about is explosive, not cement or
something. Special care has to taken all the way. This will incur extra costs to
us. Besides, the police will charge us for their service, too.
Huang: Will you give me your quotation sheet? I have to take it back to our office and
discuss it with our manager.
O’Neil: It’s ready for you. Anyway, please let me know your reply as soon as possible. I
have to file it with the Police Headquarters to fulfill our legal requirement.
Huang: OK, Mr. O’Neil.
3. Hiring Equipment
(A large quantity of excavation work has to be finished as soon as possible in order to

match the construction schedule. As the equipment working on the job site is not sufficient,
the project manager decides to hire an excavator and a loader. Mr. Yang is enquiring of
Mr. Boles, equipment manager of Beli Construction Holdings, about the equipment he
wants to hire. )
Yang: I have been told, Mr. Boles, that you are in charge of the construction equipment
leasing and hiring business in this company. I am here to see if I can hire some
equipment from you.
Boles: You’re come to the right place, Mr. Yang. We are involved primarily in
equipment leasing and hiring as well as mining operations. We own quite a lot of
heavy-duty construction equipment and can hire them to you at any time you like.
Yang: What are they?
Boles: We have bulldozers, excavators, loaders, motor graders, vibrating rollers and
dump trucks.
Yang: I am thinking of hiring an excavator and a loader this time. What’s the volume of
your excavator’s bucket?
Boles: The excavator is a 225 Caterpillar and has a bucket of about two and half cubic
yards.
Yang: And the loader?
Boles: It’s a 950B Caterpillar. I think the volume of the bucket is about three cubic yards.
Yang: What are their hire rates respectively?
Boles: Where do you intend to use them?
Yang: They will be used to excavate the foundation pit of the powerhouse on the job
site.
Blasting will be done before the excavator is used. What the excavator digs is just
small broken pieces of the rock. The working conditions are not so bad.
Boles: Well, Mr. Yang, we have two rates for you. The hourly rate is US$ 75 for
the excavator and US$ 50 for the loader. The monthly rate is US$ 22, 500 for the
excavator and US$ 15, 000 for the loader.
Yang: Does the rate include the fuel and the operator?
Boles: Yes, and maintenance as well.
Yang: How about the rate if we provide the fuel and the operator?
Boles: As a rule, we have our own operators and don’t allow other operators to use our
machines. You know, the machines are very expensive. I hope you understand.
However, if you provide the fuel free of charge, we can reduce the rate by US$ 5
for each hour or US$ 1,500 for each month.
Yang: Who will be responsible for the transportation of the equipment from your plant
depot to our job site?
Boles: If the hire term exceeds 300 working hours or one working month, we will transport
the equipment by trailer at our own cost. Otherwise, we will charge US$ 200 for
the transportation of each machine.
Yang: How do you usually record the working hours?
Boles: Our operator fills in the time sheets which are countersigned by your site
superintendent. We have set forms of time sheets. Every time sheet will be in
duplicate, one copy is kept by each side. Payment will be made according to the
time sheets.
Yang: Talking about payments, how often do you want them to be made?
Boles: At the end of each working week.
Yang: We prefer to pay you monthly because we get payment from the Project Owner
every month. We plan to use your equipment for two months this time. It’s not a
short period.
Boles: All right. Do you mean you will hire more equipment in the future?
Yang: I would say yes and, probably, on a long term basis if the current rates could be
reduced by 20 percent. The quantity of our excavation work has increased due to
the change of the construction design. We’re now thinking of buying or hiring
additional equipment. Judging by our calculation, it is more cost-effective to hire
equipment if the hourly hire rate, say, an excavator, could be around US$ 60.
Boles: To show our friendship and goodwill to establish good relationships with you, I an
willing to give a five percent discount of the rates I quoted you for the excavator
and the loader. If you hire any equipment from us in the future for three months or
more, we will reduce the rate by fifteen percent.
Yang: Thank you. Before we hire your machines, we need to have them tested by our
mechanical engineer to see if they are in good condition. We want to see them
working efficiently on our job site. Will you make that arrangement for us?
Boles: With pleasure. What time would be convenient for you?
Yang: How about next Monday morning?
Boles: OK, But give me a call before you come.
Yang: If everything is all right, we want to the machines to begin working by next
Thursday.
Boles: No problem. As soon as we receive your notice and confirmation of our talk today,
we will deliver the machines to you.
get the project under way 开始执行项目

deliver 运达，交付
purchasing clerk 采购人员
negotiate 询价，询问
supply contract 供货合同
go through 通过，完成
formality 手续
customs agent 海关代理
engage 雇用
sales manager 销售经理
local market 当地市场
catalogue （产品）目录
place an order 订货
favorable price 优惠价格
construction design 施工设计
as per 按照
line of business 业务范围
bagged cement 袋装水泥
in bulk 散装
technical data 技术数据
heat of hydration 水化热
compressive strength 抗压强度
explosive 炸药
carrier 承运人，运输公司
shipping company 船运公司
freight rate 运输费
handling requirement 装卸要求
commodity 商品，产品
container 集装箱
moisten 使…潮湿
dry season 干季
take special precaution 采取特别预防措施
safeguard 保护，施…安全
inland transport 内陆运输
escort 护送
national security law 国家安全法
spread out 分摊
fulfill 履行，完成
quotation sheet 报价单
match 达到，与…一致
construction schedule 施工计划
mining operation 开挖作业，采矿作业
heavy-duty 重型的
bulldozer 推土机
excavator 挖掘机
loader 装载机
motor grader 电动平地机
vibrating roller 振动碾
dump truck 自卸卡车
cubic yard 立方码
foundation pit 基坑
fuel 燃料
operator 操作工
maintenance 保养
time sheet 计时单
countersign 会签，副署
set form 固定格式
in duplicate 一式两份
current rate 现有价格，时价
cost-effective 经济的，合算的
goodwill 友好，和善
discount 折扣，减扣
Miami 迈阿密（美国港口城市）
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. home country: （承包商）本国。Home 在这里的意思是“国内的”，如 home office

（公司总部），home-made（国产的），home equipment（国产设备）。
2. in charge (of): 主管，负责。如：the person in charge（负责人），in charge of power
supply the service（负责电力供应）。也可作动词，意思是“收费”，“充电”，如：
charge 3 dollars for the service（收取服务费三元），charge the battery（给电瓶充
电）。
3. Hurricane Trading Corporation: 飓风贸易公司。
4. enquiring of Mr. Chamberlain about some construction materials: 就一些施工材料向
Chamberlain 先生询价。Enquire of sb. about sth.意思是“就…向…询价，问”，如：
enquire of the project manager about the progress （向项目经理询问进度情况），
enquire of the supplier about the office furniture（向供应商询问办公家具的价格）。
5. You’re well informed! : 你的消息可真灵通！
6. thanks to: 由于。在这里相当于 owing to，because of。
7. lumber: 木材，木板。美国人常说这个词，英国常说 timber。
8. cement: 水泥。注意，这个词还有“胶合剂”的含义。
9. bitumen: 沥青。也可以说 asphalt，但 bitumen 包括的范围更大。
10. PVC pipe: PVC 管子。PVC=polyvinyl chloride（聚氯乙烯）。
11. hot rolled corrugated steel bars: 热轧竹节钢筋。
12. the first delivery: 在这里指的是“第一批订购的货物”。
13. potential customer: 潜在顾客。Potential 意思是“潜在的 ”，“有可能的”，如：
potential market（潜在市场），potential manager（未来的管理人员）。
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14. build a good business relationship: 建立良好的商务关系。
15. You said it. : 你说得对。这是口语中在赞同别人时常说的一句话。
16. Portland Cement: 硅酸盐水泥，波特兰水泥。
17. ASTM C—150 Specifications: 美国材料试验学会 C---150 规范。ASTM 为 American
Society for Testing and Materials 的缩写。
18. contact: 与…联系，接触。这个词也可作名词，意思是“门路”，“联系”。例如：
That man has a lot of contacts in the business circle.（那个人在商界熟人很多。）This
is the contact telephone number of our agent. You can call him if you need any help.
（这是我方代理的联系电话，你需要帮忙时可给他打电话。）
19. to be frank with you: 老实对你说。常用作插入语。
20. loading port: 装货港。英语中“卸货港”是 unloading port。
21. country manager: 这里指的是“设在该国家的分公司经理”。
22. Tropical Shipping: 这是一家船运公司的名称，意为“热带船运”。
23. faxed you our enquiry: 将我方的询价函传真给你。Fax 在口语中常用作动词，send…by
fax 意思是（以传真的形式发送）。
24. Powermax: 一种炸药名称。
25. first of all: 首先。这是扣与中常用的表达法，常放在句首。
26. Fahrenheit: 华氏温标。“ 摄氏温标 ” 为 Centigrade ，二者的转换关系为
Ԭahrenheit=(9/5Ԩ)+32。
27. lowboy: 一种低平板拖车，常用来运输重型设备。
28. file it with the Police Headquarters: 向警察总署备案。
29. leasing and hiring: 这是两个同义词组合，仍为“租赁”的意思。英语中表示“租赁”意
思的词还有 rent。这几个词在有些场合下可替换使用，但我们常说 hire a boat（租船）；
rent a house（租房子）；lease a piece of land（租一片地）。
30. We’re involved primarily in…: 我们主要从事…be involved in 意思是“从事”，“卷
入 ” 。例如： This company is primarily involved in the construction of roads and
bridges.（这个公司主要建设道路和桥梁。）You will be involved in the dispute if you
put a finger in the matter.（如果你插手那件事，你将会卷入争端之中。）
31. bucket: 铲斗，挖斗。这个词还常有“（水）桶”的意思。
32. a 225 Caterpillar: 一台 225 型 Caterpillar 挖掘机。Caterpillar 后面省略了 excavator 一
词，下文的 a 950B Caterpillar 后面同样省略了 loader 一词。Caterpillar 为一家机械设
备公司的名字。
29
33. plant depot: 设备存放场。Depot 意思是“库”，“基地”，如：油库），repairdepot
fuel depo（t
（修理厂）。
34. fill in : 填写。英国用法，在美国说 fill out。
EXERCISES
1. When Mr. Huang wants to know the price of the material he needs, he says to Mr.
Chamberlain, “Please quote us for Catalogue no. 12…”（请给我们报产品目录第 12 号
的价格。）；“So quote us the rate for bulk cement, 请给我们报散装水泥的单价。）
please.（”
“Please quote sb. (the price/rate) for sth.”is a useful sentence pattern in inviting
suppliers to quote for their products, meaning“请给…报…的价格/单价。”
Now, you try doing the following:
1) A: Our company deals in various construction materials.
30
B: 请给我们报毛骨料的价格。
(Please quote us the rate for all-in aggregate.)
2) A: 请给我们报这种马赛克的价格。
(Please quote us for this kind of mosaic.)
B: What’s the quantity you are going to order?
3) A: We can make windows of this kind according to your specification.
B: 请给我们报一百个的总价。
(Please quote us the lump sum for one hundred.)
2. When Mr. Huang needs some cement badly, he says, “…we’re in urgent need of 500
tons of each of Types 1 and 5 of Portland Cement, … ”（我们急需一型和五型硅酸盐
水泥各五百吨。）“be in urgent need of sth.”means“急需…”。
Now, you try do the following:
1) A: 我们急需十吨镀锌钢板，不知你方能否一周内交货。
(We’re in urgent need of 10 tons of galvanized steel sheet. I wonder if you could deliver
it within one week. )
B: No problem.
2) A: We can supply the course sand at the price of 10 dollars per cubic yard.
B: 虽然我们急需，但恐怕价格太高，我们无法接受。
(It is true that we’re in urgent need of it, but I’m afraid the price is too high for us to
accept.)
3) A: 这种病属于传染性疾病，病人急需治疗。
(This disease is contagious and the patient’s in urgent need of medical treatment.)
B: How long will he be hospitalized?
3. In the text, Mr. Boles says, “…if you provide the fuel free of charge, we can reduce the
rate by US$5 for each hour… 如果你们免费提供燃料，我们可以每小时降低五美元。）；
（”
“If you hire any equipment from us in the future for three months or more, we’ll reduce
the rate by 15 percent.”（如果今后你们从我方租用任何设备的时间达到或超过三个月，
我们将把租费降低百分之十五。） “ reduce the price/rate by … ” is a very
useful expression when talking about price, meaning“把价格/费率降低…”
1) A: This is not the first time that we buy the asbestos-cement board（石棉水泥板）from
you. I hope you can give us a favorable price.
B: 好吧，对于你们这次的定购，我们降价百分之三。
(All right. We’ll reduce the price by 3 percent for your order this time.)
2) A: 如果你们不将此价格降低十元，我们只得从别处购买了。
(If you don’t reduce this price by 10 dollars, we have to make the purchase from other
manufacturers.)
B: I’m afraid to say you’re asking too much.
3) A: 我们对常客一般降价百分之五。希望您常来。
(As a rule, we reduce the price by 5 percent to regular customers. I hope you could
come often.)
B: Thank you. I’ll keep it in mind.
背景与指南 ( BACKGROUND AND DIRECTIONS) （1）
做好物资采购（procurement of goods）工作是搞好国际工程承包地重要环节之一。这
不仅因为材料与设备（materials and equipment）在工程合同中占有很大的比重，而且其采
购与供应直接关系到工程的进度与质量。特别是由于国际市场（international market）波动
很大，加之供货渠道（ source of supply ）不广，因此，一个有经验的国际承包商
（experienced international contractor）往往十分重视工程承包中的物资采购工作。
在投标前，承包商一般要在工程所在国及邻近国进行市场调查（ market research），
寻找中标后工程所用物资的货源。中标后，应根据施工组织设计（ construction
management plan），编制物资供应总计划，交物资部门（purchasing department）组织供
应。物资部门接到计划后实施设备材料的采购工作。
采购的第一步是询价，包括在承包商本国（home country），工程所在国（country
where the project is executed）及第三国（third country）。凡在工程所在国能购到的材料
设备，只要适用、经济，且符合工程合同之规定，就应尽可能在当地询价、采购。询价的
方式一般用传真向几家供货商发出询价函，从中择优。询价时一定要讲材料或设备的规格
写清楚，以免购错，耽误工程的施工。对于大量的、重要的以及定期采购（substantial,
important and regular purchase）最好派专人进行口头谈判（verbal negotiation），以争取
优惠的供货条件（special terms）。
对于一些特殊材料（special materials）（如，炸药），若采用离岸价（FOB price）购
买，则必须考虑到运输的安全问题。选择承运人（carrier）一定要慎重，不要单单根据运
输费的报价来确定。
租赁（leasing and hiring）也是施工设备（construction equipment）供应渠道之一。施
工设备的租赁一般用于两种情况：一种是在工期前期，在所购设备还没有到达现场之前，为
了满足紧急开工的需要而租赁；另一种情况是，由于有些设备虽然是施工所必要的，但使用
时间短，利用率低，对于此类设备也常常采用租赁方式。租赁施工设备除了要看租赁费，一
定要派机械工程师去检查设备的运行情况，以确保租后设备在现场的工作效率和出勤率
（working efficiency and productivity）。
UNIT 5 PROCURING THE GOODS (2)
4. Negotiating a Supply Contract
(To keep all the vehicles and equipment running on the job site, a large quantity of fuels
and oils are consumed every day. Mr. Huang is trying to negotiate a supply contract
with Mr. Martinez, Sales Manager of Esso Standard Oil Ltd. , for the whole construction
period. ) Huang: Mr. Martinez, we have examined the draft of the supply contract
prepared by
your company. There are some clauses that I think need to be clarified or
amended.
Martinez: So, shall we go through them one and see if we can finalize them today?
Huang: OK. Let’s start with Clause 2 “Object Of Contract”. In addition to premium
gasoline and diesel, would you be able to supply oils as well? You know, we
also need a lot of them for the operation of our equipment.
Martinez: In your faxed letter of June 11, you just mentioned that you needed fuels for
your project, if I remember correctly. That’s why I put in only gasoline and
diesel there.
Huang: That was, perhaps, left out in our letter, a typing mistake. I meant to include oils.
Martinez: Never mind. ESSO would be very glad to supply all kinds of oil, such as engine
oil, hydraulic oil and lubricating oil.
Huang: That’s good. Now, let’s move on to Clause 4. It’s about the tern of the supply
contract. In this clause, it says, “The tern of the Supply Contract is three years
from this date and the Contract will expire automatically on the first day of
January one thousand nine hundred and ninety-five.” It’s true that the
completion time of the Hydro Project will be three years according to our present
construction schedule. However, the Project could be delayed for a period of
time or completed ahead of schedule. You never can tell, even an experienced
contractor like us. Can we change the working to this: “The tern of the Supply
Contract starts on the first day of January of one thousand nine hundred and
ninety-two and will expire on the date of completion of the Hydro-electric Project,
for the purpose of which all the fuels and oils are purchased by COCC.”
Martinez: I have no objection.
Huang: In Paragraph 3 of Clause 6, which states the manner of delivery, does the tern
“the Buyer’s order” include both verbal and written orders?
Martinez: Our intention is that “the Buyer’s order” means any written order or order in
writing. It does not include verbal orders.
Huang: I hope you will accept our verbal order, too. Sometimes we are in urgent need of
some items, which allows us no time to send you a written order.
Martinez: Mr. Huang, I’d like to offer you every possible convenience we can, but verbal
orders could easily cause problems.
Huang: Why not put the wording this way: “…after having received from the Buyer a
written order, or a verbal order in which case a letter of confirmation will follow
accordingly.”
Martinez: This is acceptable.
Huang: The next question comes from Clause 12 “Impossibility of Delivering Products”.
It is states in this clause that in case you are not able to supply any of the
products, you will authorize us to acquire it from another supplier. I have a
question here. Clause 16 stipulates you will grant us a three percent discount
from the market price for all we buy from you, considering our regular purchase.
If we buy the product from another supplier, can you guarantee that we get it at
the same price and on the same terms?
Martinez: In authorizing you to acquire the products from other suppliers, we waive our
exclusivity on you and, in return, you release us from any liability for our failure
to deliver the products.
Huang: It seems unfair to us. The reason why we guarantee to buy exclusively from
ESSO for such a long period is that we want to get what we need continuously
and at a favorable price. Suppose I put in the contract that “In case that COCC
does not buy exclusively from ESSO, then ESSO is deemed to be released of
the requirement to deliver the products to COCC.” Surely you would not agree to
such wording, and if we do so, this supply contract is meaningless to both sides.
Martinez: Let me put it this way. In case ESSO can’t supply any of the products to you, it
will guarantee that you can get it at the same price and on the same terms
from another supplier on one condition---that is, you must go to the supplier
which is designated by ESSO. What do you say?
Huang: That is reasonable.
Martinez: Any other comments on this contract?
Huang: A last one. About the termination of the contract in Clause 16. It says, “In the
event of the Supplier failing to perform any of the obligations under this contract,
the Buyer may terminate the contract by giving 60 days’ notice in writing to the
Supplier.” I think this is not complete. We have to insert between “…the Buyer
may” and “terminate the contract…”wording like this: “, without releasing the
Supplier’s liabilities for the breach,”.
Martinez: OK. I agree.
5. Engaging a Customs Agent
(As all the imported goods are exempted from customs duties according to the Contract, a
lot of materials and spare parts are purchased from China and other countries. Therefore,
a Customs agent is needed by the Contractor to obtain the Customs clearances. Mr.
Huang is talking with Mr. Valdes, a reputable Customs House Broker, about the charges
for acting as the Contractor’s Customs Agent. )
Huang: Mr. Valdes, we have been looking for a Customs agent for the clearance of our
imported goods and are informed that you are one best Customs brokers. So,
we’re satisfaction.
Valdes: Thank you, Mr. Huang. I am glad to hear that. We are fully aware that it’s our
clients who give us this job and pay us. That’s why we always do our best to their
satisfaction.
Huang: How much do you usually charge your client, please?
Valdes: Normally one percent of the CIF Value.
Huang: That’s rather on the high side.
Valdes: I admit my charge is a little bit expensive, but it’s the service that matters more.
I’ve been engaged in this business for over thirty years and I have a lot of
personal, friendly contacts with Customs Officers. All these guarantee an efficient
and time-saving clearance of your shipments.
Huang: Mr. Valdes, I’m not talking about a small about quantity of cargo to be cleared.
You know we are building the dam structure and the power house of a hydro
project. We plan to import over ten million dollars’ worth of material and
equipment.
Valdes: What we are concerned with is the value of each batch. The formalities are
almost the same whether the cargo to be cleared is worth a lot or not.
Huang: I am not so sure of the exact value of each lot. Anyhow, it won’t be less than
US$100,000 in value on average.
Valdes: May I know what’s on your mind?
Huang: A rate of no more than 0.75% of the CIF Value might be acceptable. To tell the
truth, it’s easy to find a Customs agent at this rate. I am here just on the
recommendation of a friend of mine who is, perhaps, your friend, too.
Valdes: The charge rate should be fixed according to the quality of the service. However,
to show our goodwill, I would like to offer another way of calculating the charge
that is certainly in your favor and acceptable to us.
Huang: Please go ahead.
Valdes: For one batch of cargo, we’ll charge you one percent on the first US$25,000 of
CIF Value, plus 0.75% on the second US$25,000,0.5% on the third
US$25,000,0.25% on the fourth US$25,000and 0.1% on the balance over
US$100,000.
Huang: I agree to this method. Another thing, how long does it take you to finish clearing
the cargo through the Customs House?
Valdes: Normally, within four working days after I get from you import permit, bill of lading,
invoice, insurance policy, packing list and all other necessary documents,
provided the shipment has arrived at the Port.
Huang: Do you think it possible to mark it shorter?
Valdes: Mr. Huang, preparing the customs entry alone will take us one or two days, I
would say that our service is the fastest among all the local customs brokers. In
case you need the cargo badly, we will try to obtain PDOs for it, but you have to
submit a supporting document, stating that it is in urgent need. The document has
to be countersigned by the Project Owner’s representative. We will apply with it
for a PDO to the Customs Authority on your behalf and, in most cases, we can
get it because they trust me.
Huang: Fine. I hope our cooperation will be to our mutual benefit.
Valdes: I am sure that my years of experience will prove invaluable to you in clearing all
your shipments within the shortest possible time.

consume 消耗，消费
construction period 施工期
draft 草案，起草
clause 条款
clarify 澄清
amend 修正，改正
finalize 最终确定
object of the contract 合同标的
diesel 柴油
faxed letter 传真信函
leave out 遗漏，漏掉
typing mistake 打印错误
engine oil 机油
hydraulic oil 液压油
lubricating oil 润滑油
move on to sth. 接下来做（看）…
term of the supply contract 供货合同期
expire automatically 自动到期
completion time 竣工时间
present 现在的
ahead of schedule 比计划提前
the manner or delivery 交货方式
verbal and written order 口头及书面命令
authorize 授权
acquire 获得
regular purchase 定期购买，经常购买
guarantee 保证
on the same terms 以同样的条件
waive 放弃（权利）
exclusivity 专有（权）
release…from/of 解除
wording 措辞
meaningless 无意义的
on one condition 以一条件为前提
comment 评价，意见
perform obligations 履行义务
terminate the contract 终止合同
imported goods 进口的货物
be exempted from 免除
Customs duty 海关税
reputable 有声誉的
Customs house broker 海关经纪人
to one’s satisfaction 令…满意
be engaged in 从事
shipment 装货，装运
each batch 每批货
in value 按价值
on the recommendation of 根据…的推荐
go ahead 继续作，接着说
balance 剩余部分，余额
import license 进口许可证
invoice 发票
insurance policy 保险单
packing list 装箱单
Customs entry 进口报关单
submit 提交
supporting document 证明文件
on your behalf 代表你方
to our mutual benefit 对我们双方都有利
invaluable 非常宝贵的，无比的
NOTES TO THE TEXT

1. ESSO Standard Oil Ltd.: Esso 标准石油有限公司。
2. one by one: 逐个地。请注意 by 这个词的这种用法，又如：two by two（两个两个地），
step by step（一步一步地），little by little（一点一点地）。
3. start with: 从…开始。这个词组后面常接开始的对象或内容，也可以说 begin with。例
如： Let’s start with the concrete crew. （我们从混凝土队开始。）Knowledge starts
with practice.（知识始于实践。）
4. in addition to: 除…之外（还有）。等于 besides，请不要与 except 弄混。
5. premium gasoline: 高级汽油。英语中“普通汽油”是 regular gasoline。gasoline 在口
语中也可以说 gas。
6. oils: 在此用复数形式用来表示“（非燃料的）各类油”，如下文的 engine oil, hydraulic
oil
及 lubricating oil 等。请注意不可数名次中用法。
7. You never can tell,…：谁也不知道，很难预料。也说 You can never tell，这是口语中
常用的句型，相当于 You can never be sure。
8. Sometimes we are in urgent need of some items, which allows us no time go send you
a written order,: 有时，我们急需一些油，来不及向你们发出书面命令。请注意这句话中
定语从句的特殊用法，句中的关系代词 which 代替的是前面整个句子的意思，即：“急
需油”这件事。Allow sb. no time to do sth.：使某人没有时间做某事。
9. failure to deliver the products: 未能交付这些产品。Fail/failure to do sth. 意思是“未能
做…”，“没有做…”，如下文的 failing to perform any of the obligations under the
contract 即为：未能履行合同之义务。
10. What do you say? : 你对此有何看法？这是口语中征求别人的看法时常说的一句话。
11. in the event of: 倘若，如果。这个词组常用于合同及其它法律文件中。
12. give a 60 day’s notice: 提前六十天发通知。请注意英语这一表达法。
13. CIF Value: 到岸价值。这是一贸易术语，CIF 是 Cost, Insurance and Freight（成本，
保险费及运费）的缩写形式。
14. That’s rather on the high side. : 你们的收费太高了。
15. but it’s the service that matters more: 但要看服务的质量。Matter 在这里是动词，意思
是“很重要”，“关系很大”，如我们在回答别人的歉意时，常常说，It doesn’t matter.
（没
关系）。
16. We plan to import over ten million dollars’ worth of material and equipment. : 我们计划
进口价值一千万元以上的材料和设备。这句中的 worth 是名词，相当于 value。但在下
文 “…whether the cargo to be cleared is worth a lot or not.”的 worth 则是一个后面
常接宾语的形容词，意思是“值…”，“值得的”。例如：This batch of goods is
worth one hundred thousand dollars. （这批货值十万元。） The quality is worth
noticing.（质量值得注意。） The new construction method is worth trying.（新的施工
方法值得尝试。）
17. to tell the truth: 老实说。与前文的 to be frank with you 用法相同。
18. in your favor: 对你方有利。In one’s favor 这个词组在财务上还有“以…为受款人”的意
思。例如：This cheque is drawn in the supplier’s favor. （开具的这张支票的受款人是
供货商。）
19. the Customs House：常指“港口的海关”。
20. provided the shipment has arrived at the port: 如果货物已到港口。
21. PDO: 货物预提单。这是 pre-delivery order 的缩写形式，指货物事先不经过海关验关
就可提走的一种提货单（delivery order）。
EXERCISES
1. When Mr. Huang gives suggestions on how to draft the clause of Manner of Delivery,
he says, “Why not put the wording this way?”（为什么不这样措辞呢？或我看是否这样
措辞呢？）。 “ Why not do…?”is a useful oral expression in giving a suggestion,
meaning“为什么不…呢？”or“我看是否…呢？”
1) A: The two diesel generators we ordered have not been delivered to the job site yet.
B: 为什么不给供应商打个电话问一问呢？
(Why not make a call to the supplier and ask him about it?)
2) A: I am afraid we will not be able to finish the work within this month.
B: 为什么不让工人加班呢?
(Why not ask the workers to work overtime?)
3) A: We are thinking of referring this dispute to arbitration.
B: 为什么不友好解决呢？
(Why not settle it in an amicable way?)
2. When Mr. Huang wants to know the time required for clearing the cargo through the
Customs House, he asks, “… how long does it take you to finish clearing the cargo
through the Customs House?” （你们办理货物清关需要多长时间？）“ It takes sb.
some time to do sth. ”is very useful expression in describing the time required
to do something, means“需要花费…时间才能完成某事”。
Now, you try do the following:
1) A: 这项工程你们需要多长时间完成？
(How long will it take you to complete this project?) B: About 5 years.
2) A: 你们花费多少天完成了这块混凝土的立模？
(How many days did it take you to finish erecting the formwork for this block of concrete?)
B: About 5 years.
37
3) A: 我想我们至少还需要一个月的时间完成调压井的开挖。
(I think it will take us at least one more month to finish the excavation of the surge shaft.)
B: Really? That’s a much longer time than expected.
背景与指南 ( BACKGROUND AND DIRECTIONS) （2）
对于工程常用油料（oils and fuels），需要能够保证长期得到供应以及获得优惠价格。

为此，承包商一般与一家当地石油公司（local oil company）签订一个供应合同。合同草案
（draft of the contract）常有供应商拟定，经承包商与其协商修改后签订。承包商的合同管
理人员一定要对合同逐条加以研究，弄清合同中每句话的含义，确保不因为合同签订的不
合理而遭受损失（suffer losses）。如在课文中，供应商提供的合同文本中有这样一句话：
“一旦供应商不能供应任何油料，则他将授权买方（承包商）从另一供应商去购买”，但
却对买方由此造成的损失只字不提。由于合同的起草方一般掌握着合同中各项规定的主动
权，所以，承包商应力争成为合同的起草方，因此，承包商的合同管理人员应具有英语起
草合同的能力。这就要求此类人员具备很高的语言水平和专业素质（ proficiency in
English and professional competence）。
在国外承包工程，往往需进口大量物资，因而通常雇用一海关代理（Customs
agent），帮助承包上办理清关手续。选择代理人一定要看其声誉和能力，以保证货物到港
后能很快转运到工程现场，及时投入使用。关于代理费（agency commissions），一个声
誉好的代理人
（行）一般都有自己的收费标准。但由于工程承包需进口大量物资，每批货的价值也比较大，
对代理和有吸引力，因此，收费标准也是可以谈判商定的。最后双方签订代理协议书
（agency agreement）。
货物清关的大致程序是：
1. 承包商间货运单据提交代理人。货运答案据常包括进口许可证（import license）；提单
（bill of lading）；商业发票（commercial invoice）或形式发票（pro-forma invoice）；装
箱单（packing list）；保险单（insurance agency）；原产地证书（certificate of origin）等。
2. 清关代理准备进口报关单（ Customs
entry）。
3. 清关在审核各种单证一致（considtent ），并于到港物资相符后，允许承包商提货
（collect the goods）。
在某些国家，如果提货人能证明待提货物为急需品（goods urgently needed），则可申
请货物预提单（pre-delivery order/PDO），若获得此单证，则所提货物可在港口处不经过验
关即可取走，验关工作可由海关派员到进口人仓库进行。由于承包商的进口物资常采用集装
箱（container）装运，若在海关验关（Customs inspection），则极为麻烦，所以，尽量要
求代理人为所进口物资获得此类预提单。
38
UNIT 6 TRAINING EQUIPMENT OPERATORS
As there is a tunnel of about three miles to be excavated for the Hydroelectric Project, two
JTH2A-90 Two Booms Hydraulic Wheel Jumbos have been purchased from Furukawa Co.
Ltd., Japan. Because this kind of equipment is a new model, the Manufacturer, Requested
by the Contractor, sends Mr. Sunaga, a mechanical engineer, to train the operators so that
the two machines are used efficiently and safely.
1. Arranging the Training
(The phone rings. )

Secretary: COCC office. Can I help you?
Saito: Hell, may I speak to the person in charge of equipment?
Secretary: Just a minute, please.(calls Mr. Huang ) Mr. Huang, you’re wanted on the
phone.
Huang: Hello, my name is Huang. I am in charge of the cargo.
Saito: Hello, Mr. Huang. This is a long distance call from USA Branch Office of
Furukawa. My name’s Saito. Our headquarters in Japan have asked me to
contact you about the training of your operators for the rock drill jumbos
you’ve bought from us.
Huang: I have been waiting for your call. Mr. Saito. I am informed by the shipping
company that the machines have arrived at the port and we will get them
delivered onto our site within the next few days.
Saito: When do you want us to send our engineer to you then?
th th
Huang: We plan to do the training from 15 to 27 of the month, a week from today.
th th
So, I want your engineer to arrive here on 13 or 14 .
Saito: OK. Mr. Huang.
Huang: One thing I have to mention, does the engineer speak English? No one here
can speak Japanese.
Saito: We will send Mr. Sunaga to you. He’s been staying in the United States for
nearly 3 years and speak very good English. Don’t worry about it. Oh, we
need a letter of invitation from you. Please send it to us as soon as possible
so that Mr. Sunaga can get his visa in time.
Huang: We’ll do that through the Owner tomorrow.
Saito: Could you go to the airport to pick up Mr. Sunaga?
Huang: Sure.
Saito: By the way, have you received the Operation Manuals and the Parts Books?
They will be useful during the training.
th
Huang: Not yet. Your headquarters told us that we will receive them by 11 at the
latest.
Saito: OK. Mr. Huang, in case you need any help, just let me know.
Huang: Thank you, Mr. Saito and thanks for calling.
2. On-site Training ------ Operating
39
(Mr. Sunaga is showing the Chinese operators how to operate the rock jumbo. )
Sunaga: First of all, let me give you a brief description. This machine is a fully hydraulic
wheel type jumbo with two booms. It is designed and manufactured with
up-to-date engineering techniques on the basis of many years of our
experience. It is 11.1 meters long, 2.17 meters wide and 2.8 meters high with a
gross weight of 18 tones.
Operator: What’s the grade ability of it.
Sunaga: 15 degrees. Before it climbs a ramp, make sure that the slope is less than that,
otherwise you will have to use a loader or something that pulls well to help.
Operator: What about the minimum turning radius? I mean the outer radius.
Sunaga: 8 meters. To be safer, you must drive it as slowly as possible when you have to
turn it at such a radius. Now, let’s have a look at this machine part by part.
These are the tow drifters……
(After describing all the parts. )
Sunaga: I think you have a general picture of it now. Let’s come to the operation
procedure. Before operating this machine, the first step is to check the engine
oil, hydraulic oil, brake fluid and compressor oil. You must be certain that the oil
are within the specified range of oil levels gauges. To check the oil levels
accurately, you need to place machine horizontally. If you want to recheck the
oil level after filling with oil, wait for several minutes. It takes some time for oil to
reach the sump. Secondly, you have to see whether there are any loose bolts
or damaged oil hoses. Tighten the check nuts if necessary. After you finish all
this, you can start the engine. Now, I’ll show you how to start engine. Watch
carefully and follow me. Pull this engine control lever slightly, approximately 5
degrees, and turn this starter switch to “HS”……The next step, a very critical
one, is the drilling operation. When you drive up to the working face, lower the
outriggers to stabilize the machine. Then you connect the water hose and blow
air hose, like this. Now the reel cable. Be sure everything is OK before you turn
on the main switch of the power supply. The voltage reading on the control
panel must be 380V. Warm up the machine for protection of the devices until
the oil temperature anomaly lamp is extinguished. Now you can proceed with
the drilling operation. Look carefully, first throw the rotation lever forward slowly
and … One thing to remind you. This is a tropical region and often
the temperature is quite high. After working, remember to idle the engine for
some time to let it cool down before you stop it.
3. On-site Training ------ Maintenance and Trouble Shooting
(Mr. Sunaga is showing the operators how to maintain the machine and shoot trouble. )
Sunaga: Today we’ll see how to do the trouble shooting and maintain the machine. All of
our machine have passed the strict inspections and tests before sale and can
be used safely. However, the performance, safety, working, efficiency and
service life greatly depend on your daily handling and maintenance. Have you
got the Operation Manuals with you?
Operator: Yes.
40
Sunaga: Fine. We’ll refer to the Manual as we go along. As I said just now, regular
maintenance is very important in ensuring that the machine is always operated
in the best conditions. Let’s see what we have to do to make the machine work
well. Again, change the hydraulic oil if it is found to be contaminated or
moisture is mixed in it. This is the first thing you must keep in mind because
hydraulic oil plays a very important role in the machine’s functioning. As you
know, this a hydraulic jumbo. You have to replace the oil filters and the air
cleaners at regular intervals…
Operator: How often do we replace them?
Sunaga: For the oil filters, 50 working hours for the first time on a new machine and after
that, every 300 hours. For the air cleaners, every 400 hours. It’s better to clean
them during the interval. Now let’s move on to the drive unit area. You grease
the centre every 40 working hours and…
Next is how to do the trouble shooting. Sometimes problems occur during the
operation. First you try to find where the trouble lies. Suppose the grade ability
is poor. Where do we have to check.
Operator: We have to see if the parking brake and the foot brake are released
completely. Sunaga: If yes, then where do we go next?
Operator: I’m not sure, perhaps…
Sunaga: You can find the right answer in the trouble shooting flowchart on page 81 of
the Manual. That is, we go on to check whether there’re any oil leakages,
whether the hydraulic oil level is too low or contaminated or the suction filter is
clogged. So, always refer to the Chart for help if you’re not sure of how to
locate the trouble.
Operator: How do we know it’s time to overhaul the machine?
Sunaga: Normally, only the units, like the engine, the two drifters and the compressors
need to be overhaul. The other parts need to be checked and maintained
regularly only. You can find what need to be overhaul, and how many hours
they work before they should be overhauled, in the Manual. To overhaul the
units, you need to work together with your mechanical engineers in this field or
ask us for help, for some of the procedures are quite complicated and special
tools are needed.
Any questions?
Operator: We don’t have any for the moment.
Sunaga: OK. Tomorrow, we will practice drilling the rock with the machine.
Operator: We’re eager to try for ourselves.

equipment operator 设备操作工
tunnel 隧洞
boom 转臂
jumbo 钻车，台车
mechanical engineer 机械工程师
manufacturer 制造商
41
branch office 分公司
letter of invitation 邀请函
visa 签证
operation manual 操作手册
parts book 零件手册
brief description 简述
up-to-date 最新的
engineering technique 工程技术
grade ability 爬坡能力
ramp 斜坡，坡道
radius 半径
drifter 凿岩机
general picture 概貌，大致情况
operation procedure 操作程序
brake fluid 刹车油
compressor 压缩机
specified range 规定的范围
oil level gauge 油标尺
sump 油箱，油槽
bolt 螺栓
oil hose 油管
check nut 放松螺母
engine 发动机
control lever 控制杆，操纵杆
starter switch 启动开关
drilling operation 钻孔作业
working face 工作面
outrigger (钻车)支架，支腿
stabilize 使……稳定
water hose 水管
blow air hose 喷气管
reel cable 卷盘电缆
main switch 主开关
voltage reading 电压读数
control panel 控制盘
warm up 预热
oil temperature anomaly lamp 油温反常指示灯
extinguish 熄灭，扑灭
tropical region 热带地区
cool down 冷却
working efficiency 工作效率
service life 服务寿命，工作寿命
refer to the Manual 参照手册
in the best conditions 处于最佳状态
contaminate 污染
42
moisture 水汽，潮湿
keep in mind 牢记
functioning 功能
oil filter 机油滤芯 air
cleaner 空气滤芯
centre bearing 中心轴承
brake 制动器，刹车
release 释放，松开
flowchart 流程图
oil leakage 漏油
suction 吸油（管）
clog 堵塞
locate the trouble 确定故障位置
overhaul 大修
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. JTH2A-90 Two Booms Hydraulic Wheel Jumbo: JTH2A-90 型双臂液压轮胎式钻岩台车。

这是一种常用的洞挖设备。
2. Furukawa Co. Ltd: 谷河股份有限公司。是日本的一家设备制造销售商。Co. Ltd 等于
Corporation Limited。在英语中，“有限公司”英国人一般说 Limited Corporation，而
美国人一般说 Incorporated Corporation。
3. you’re wanted on the phone : 有你的电话。这是喊别人接电话时的用语。
4. long distance call: 长途电话。这是美国用法，在英国常说 trunk call.
5. rock drill jumbos: 钻岩台车。与下文 rock jumbo 一样，都是在口语中对前面的 JTH2A-90
Two Booms Hydraulic Wheel Jumbo 的简称。
6. get them delivered onto our job site: （派人或找陆运公司）将其运到工地 get sth. done
意思是“请或使某人做某事”。请注意此英语表达法。
7. pick up: （开车）去接某人。
例如：Please go to the site office to pick up Mr. Wang.（请去现场办公室去接王先生。）
8. on –site training: 现场培训。on-site 意思是“在现场的”，如：on-site vehicle（现场
车辆），on-site assembly（现场组装），on-site concrete production（现场混凝土生
产）。
9. gross weight: 总重量。英语中“净重”是 net weight。
10. tone: 特指 metric ton（公吨=1000 公斤）。ton 则可指 long ton（长吨=2240 磅），
short ton（短吨=2000 磅），metric ton（公吨）。
11. pull well: 拉力大，牵引力大。口语化用法。
12. turning radius: 转弯半径。课文中的 outer radius 为“外半径”。
13. place the machine horizontally: 将台车放平。 Horizontally 的形容词形式 horizontal
（水平的）在工程中很常用，如：horizontal application （水平安装），horizontal
auger （卧式钻机），horizontal bar（横向钢筋），horizontal-drum mixer （卧筒式搅
拌机），horizontal plane（水平面）。“竖直的”英语是 vertical。
14. throw the rotation lever forward: 向前推旋转杆。Throw 在此是“推动（操作杆）”的
意思，相当于 push。
15. idle the engine: 使发动机空转。Idle 在此用作动词，意思是“使……空转”，这个词常
作形容词，如，run idle（窝工），idle time（窝工时间或停机时间），idle unit（闲置
43
设备）。
44
16. maintenance: 保养，维护。工程的“维修期”英语就可以说 maintenance period。
17. trouble shooting: 故障排除，检修。
18. performance: 此处是“性能”的意思。
19. drive unit: 驱动装置。
20. parking brake and emergency brake: 停车刹车和脚刹车。英语也说：hand brake and
foot brake。
21. grease: 给……加润滑油（黄油）。这个词此处是动词，但它常作名词，意思是“润滑
油”， “黄油”。
22. for the moment: 暂时。
EXERCISES
1. In the text, we have learned many special terms and expressions for the operation of a
machine. Now, you try translating the following sentences:
1) 在使用本机器前，操作员一定要仔细阅读操作手册。
(Before using this machine, the operator must read the Operation Manual carefully. )
2) 为了能够安全操作机器，要严格遵照手册中的说明。
(To operate the machine safely, observe the instruction in the Manual strictly. )
3) 若机器在操作过程中不正常，要立即停止使用检修。
(If the machine malfunctions during the operation, stop at once to check.)
4) 在下坡时，使用的速度档要与上坡时相同。
(When going down a slope, use the gear employed for going up the slope.)
5) 注意，由于机身很长，在改变行走方向时，前后两端的摆动力要比想象的大。
(Note that, since the machine is very long, the front and rear ends sway greater than
anticipated when changing the traveling direction.)
6) 如果油泵突然停下，要立即切断主电源开关。
(If the oil pump stops suddenly, turn off the main power switch immediately.)
7) 每六百小时，要打开油箱排油塞，将废机油从油箱排净，然后再加两加仑好机油。
(Every 600 hours, remove the drain the used oil from the sump, then, fill it with two
gallons of fresh oil.)
8) 由于发动机使用的燃料质量极大地影响其性能和寿命，所以，要使用优质柴油。
(Since the quality of fuel used affects the performance and service life of the engine to
a great extent, use good quality diesel fuel.)
2. It is very useful for mechanical engineers and equipment operators to understand
some English for the operation and maintenance of a machine. Now, you try translating
the following sentences into Chinese:
1) Pull out the oil level gauge, wipe it clean with a rag, insert it fully again, take it out
gently and check the position wetted with oil on the gauge.
(将油标尺取出，用擦拭布擦净，在将其完全插入，轻轻拿出，检查一下油标尺的油湿位
置。)
2) By brush or the like, apply a thin coat of grease on the outside oil hoses every other
week.
(每隔一周，用刷子或类似用具在外露油管内侧涂上一层薄薄的润滑油。)
3) Before welding, cutting and grinding, put a cover on the oil hoses and place a tire
extinguisher near at hand.
44
(在焊接、切割及磨削之前，要将油管盖好，并在身边备一个灭火器。)
4) If the compressor automatic/manual change snap switch is set at Auto, the compressor
starts approximately 2 seconds after starting the oil pump without having to press the
compressor run push-button switch. (如果压缩机自动/手动转换开关处于“自动”位置，
在油泵启动后大约两秒钟，压缩机自动启动，而不必再按压缩机启动开关按钮。)
当今的工程项目（construction projects）建设的机械化程度（mechanization）越来越
高，对于国际工程建设项目尤其如此。这一方面是因为工程施工所在国往往对承包商代入
的施工人员的数量加以限制，另一方面是由于国际工程的工期一般很紧迫。随着建筑工程
施工设备制造业的发展，不断有新型的、高效率的施工设备出现，这为施工的高度机械化
提供了可能。由于新型的、高效率（new and efficient）的施工设备十分昂贵，而操作工可
能有不太熟悉，为了保证设备的工作效率和使用寿命（working efficiency and service
life），承包商在购买设备时，常要求设备制造商到施工工地对操作工及有关机械工程师进
行操作和维护方面的
现场培训（on-site training）。关于培训过程，一般制造商的技术人员先对设备做总体介绍
（a general picture），包括
设备的规格和性能（specification and performance）。然后，对设备组成部分一一详细说明，
接下来讲解具体的操作步骤。最后指导被培训人员怎么做日常保养、检修及故障排
除
（ maintenance, repair and trouble
shooting）。
不管设备购自哪国，一般培训语言（training language）常使用英语，操作维护手册
（Operation and Maintenance Manual）也常是英语编写的。如果我们从事这方面工作的翻
译人员、机械工程师，甚至操作工能够听懂、会说、会读这方面的英语用语，对于我们的翻
译人员来说，乃至熟悉一些设备常识，这将很大程度上提高我们的工作效率。
45
UNIT 7 MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL LABOUR
For some reasons, the Contractor cannot bring sufficient manpower to the Project Owner’s
country and, therefore, has to employ local labour. A lot must be done in order to have a
highly productive local workforce.
1. Hiring Local labour
(Several equipment operators and dump truck drivers are needed for the Hydro project.
After the job vacancies have been advertised in the newspaper, the job seekers come to
the site office for interviews. Mr. Zhang is receiving them. )
Job Seeker: Good morning, I am asking about your advertisement for operators.
Zhang: What kind of job are you looking for?
Job Seeker: I am a bulldozer operator. So I want to work here as a bulldozer operator.
Zhang: I am sorry. The vacancies for bulldozer operators have been filled. You should
have tried earlier.
Job Seeker: What a pity.
Zhang: If you like, you can fill in this application form and leave us your telephone
number. As soon as we have a job that suits you, we will give you a call.
Job Seeker: Sorry, I don’t have a telephone. I have put my detailed address here on this
form. Please send me a letter once you have a job for me.
Zhang: Right, I hope we’ll soon have a job for you.
Job Seeker: Thanks a lot.
*******************************************************************************************************
Job Seeker: Excuse me, I saw in your advertisement that you have some vacancies for
dump truck drivers. Are they still available?
Zhang: We still have two vacancies for ten-wheel dump truck drivers.
Job Seeker: Lucky enough. I am looking for a job as a driver.
Zhang: May I see your driving license?
Job Seeker: Certainly, here it is.
Zhang: How long have you been driving this kind of truck?
Job Seeker: Ten years. Here is a letter of recommendation from my previous
employer. Zhang: Fine. May I ask why you quitted the job there?
Job Seeker: I live in San Ignacio. The company I worked with is too far from my home.
Besides, the transportation is not convenient.
Zhang: Do you have your ID with you?
Job Seeker: Yes. Here you are.
Zhang: And you Social Security card?
Job Seeker: I had one, but lost it last week. If you accept me, I will apply to the Social
Se c u r i t y B o a r d f o r a n e w o n e . I t h i n k I c a n g e t i t w i t h i n a w e e k .
Zhang: OK. This is an application form. Please fill it in. tomorrow you come here for a
driving test. If you pass it, you will be a probationary worker for two weeks.
That means we will try you for two weeks. If you prove to be a qualified driver
during that period, you will become a formal worker and can work with us until
this hydro project is completed.
46
Job Seeker: How much do you say, please?
Zhang: The starting wage is 25 dollars for a day shift and 30 for a night shift. One shift
is seven hours and a half, with extra pay for overtime work, if any. You will
have the chance to get a rise if you prove to be a good worker.
Job Seeker: Do I have to live on the site camp? If not, how do I get to the job site every
day?
Zhang: We provide free transportation for all our workers. You said you live in San
Ignacio? Most of our local workers come from this area. We have a bus that
carries our workers from our bus stop in San Ignacio directly to the job site.
Job Seeker: That’s good. So what time do I come here for the test tomorrow?
Zhang: You can come on our bus which leaves San Ignacio at six thirty in the
morning.
When you arrive, please come to me. I’ll arrange the driving test for you.
Job Seeker: All right. What if the bus driver won’t let get on the bus?
Zhang: Don’t worry. Take this note and show it to the
driver. Job Seeker: Thank you, sir, I’ll see you tomorrow.
Zhang: OK, see you tomorrow and good luck.
2. A Meeting with the Labour Office
(Mr. Zhang, representing the Contractor, and Mr. Carson, representing the Project Owner,
are having a meeting on labour issues with Mr. Young, a labour officer at the office of the
Labour Department.)
Young: Gentlemen, I’ve asked you to be here today to have a talk on some labour issues.
Recently, my department has received complaints from workers employed at the
Hydro Project. They’ve complained that they’re often underpaid and that the
working conditions are poor. I’d like to know the roles played by the Owner and
the Contractor.
Carson: Let me briefly explain the responsibilities of each side. As the Owner, we are the
investor of the Project and finance the project only. It is the contractor that hires
the workers and constructs this project directly. We are required by the Contract
to give them assistance in this respect. Therefore, they are responsible for paying
the workers and talking care of the benefits.
Zhang: That’s true. At present, we do have some problems with the local workers. One
reason is the poor communications between the Chinese foremen and the local
workers because of the language barrier. Most of the Chinese here don’t know
English. So time keeping errors occur easily. Perhaps that’s why some of the
working hours are missing on the worker’s time sheets. We’re trying to solve this
problem. The manager has put me in charge of all local workers. From now on,
the workers can come to me at any time when they have problems in any respect.
Meanwhile, we are giving the Chinese foremen a short English language training
program so that they can talk to the local workers in simple English to avoid
misunderstandings. I have another point to make about the local workers’ pay.
According to relevant laws of your country, as the employer of the workers here,
we are responsible for deducting their Social Security contributions and income
tax from their weekly pay and submitting them to the Social Security Board and
47
the Income Tax Office respectively. Therefore, on the payroll, wages are not as
much as they thought they should get.
Young: Yes, it’s legal to deduct their Social security contributions and income tax, Mr.
Zhang. However, before you make any deductions, you should make it clear to all
the works, and as is our local practice, all the deductions must be shown on the
payrolls so that the workers are clear about how much their take-home pay
should be. You know, the workers are quite conscious of their pay because most
of them have a family to support. If they think are underpaid, it will affect their
turnout and their productivity.
Zhang: I quite agree with you. I’ll adopt your suggestions.
Young: How about the working conditions for all the workers?
Zhang: We have provided hardhats and raincoats to all the workers free of charge. We
also provide free transportation.
Young: That’s not enough. For such a project, canvas gloves and proper shoes are also
required for work protection under our labour law.
Zhang: OK. We’ll do that.
Young: Is drinking water available at the major work areas?
Zhang: We have ordered two pickups from the United States, specially for delivery of
drinking water to each work area. As soon as they are here, we will put them in
use.
Young: What are the working hours and pay rates?
Zhang: We now have two shifts: 7 a.m.-3 p.m. and 3 p.m.-11 p.m. Each shift has a
half-hour lunch break. The short lunch break has been requested by the workers
so as to shorten their time at the site and go back home earlier.
Young: Let me tell you, Mr. Zhang and Mr. Carson, that Section 121 of the Labour Law
requires a one-hour lunch break unless approval has been given by the
Commissioner of Labour.
Zhang: Will you get such approval from the Commissioner for us, Mr. Carson?
Carson: All right, but give me a letter of application before I seek it.
Zhang: Will you please get me a copy of the Labour Law, Mr. Young, so that I can ger a
complete understanding of the stipulations?
Young: Here is one copy of the condensed version for you.
Zhang: Thank you.
Young: I have to remind both of you that all the workers are entitled to a two-week
vacation with pay for every twelve months of work. They’re also entitled to sixteen
days of sick leave with pay after sixty days of work if they provide valid medical
evidence. One thing to which I’d draw your particular attention. If the workers are
required to work on public holidays, make sure that they get reasonable pay. You
can find the way to calculate how much the workers should be paid in Section 86
of the Labour Law.
Carson: As the Project Owner, we will urge the Contractor to follow all relevant
regulations.
Zhang: We will try our best to make our workers satisfied with us.
Young: Let me reaffirm that every employer must comply with the Labour Law and pay
serious attention to all the workers’ welfare. From my point of view, a happy
48
workforce in a good working environment is most productive.
Zhang: I certainly agree.
Young: My department will be always available for consultation on any labour issues.
Zhang: Thank you for your support.
Carson: Mr. Young, I would like to invite you and the Commissioner to visit the project at
your convenience.
Young: Thank you. We surely will.

manpower 劳动力
highly productive local workforce 高生产率的当地劳动力
job seeker 求职者
advertise 刊登广告
bulldozer operator 推土机操作工
fill the vacancy 弥补空缺，名额已满
what a pity 真不巧，真可惜
application from 申请表
detailed address 详细地址
ten-wheel dump truck 十轮自卸车
welder 焊工
driving license 驾驶执照 a
letter of recommendation 推荐信
Social Security card 社会保险卡
driving test 驾驶测试
probationary worker 试用工
qualified driver 合格的司机
formal worker 正式工
extra pay for overtime work 加班工资
free transportation 免费交通
represent 代表
Project Owner 项目业主
Labour issues 劳工问题
labour officer 劳动官员
Labour Department 劳动司
complaint 抱怨
working conditions 工作条件
investor 投资者
finance the project 为项目提供资金
construct 建造
take care of the benefits 负担津贴
at present 现在，当今
poor communications 交流不便
language barrier 语言障碍
time keeping error 计时错误
49
put sb. in charge of sth. 让…负责…
meanwhile 同时
English language training program 英语培训班
simple English 简单英语
have a point to make 有一点要说明
deduct 扣除
payroll 工资单
make any deductions 扣除
take-home pay 实得工资
be quite conscious of 对…很敏感（在意）
turnout 出勤，产额
productivity 生产率，工作效率
adopt one’s suggestions 采纳…的建议
canvas gloves 帆布手套
work protection 劳动保护
major work area 主要工作区
working hours 工作时间
lunch break 午饭时间
commissioner 专员，政府部门的负责人
a letter of application 申请函
stipulation 规定
condensed version 压缩版本
vacation with pay 带资休假
sick leave with pay 带资休病假
valid medical evidence 有效的医疗证明
public holiday 公共假日，工休日
follow all relevant regulations 遵守一切有关规定
reaffirm 重申
workers’ warfare 工人的福利
comply with the Labour Law 遵守劳动法
good working environment 良好的工作环境
consultation 商量，磋商，征求意见
at one’s convenience 在…方便的时候
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. local labour: 当地劳工。Labour 为“劳工”总称，不可数，若说“十个工人”，则为

ten labourers。
2. job vacancy: 招工名额。Vacancy 意思是“空缺”，形容词形式是 vacant。如到一个旅
馆
（hotel）要住宿，常问，Do you have any vacant room？（还有空房间吗？）
3. You should have come earlier. : 你要来早了就好了。这句话是虚拟语气的一种形式。在
英语中，这种虚拟语气形式常用来表示责备、遗憾、懊悔等心情。
例如：You should have finished erecting the steel bars yesterday.（表示责备）
（你们本应昨天就该完成帮扎钢筋的工作。）
We should have taken precautions against the bad weather.（表示懊悔）
50
（我们本应对恶劣天气有所防
范。）
4. give sb. a call: 给…打电话。这是英国用法，英国人常说 give a ring。
5. Lucky enough.: 真幸运，真巧。这是一个省略句，全句为 I am lucky enough. 在英语
口语中，常有省略句。
例如：Where to? （去哪？）（等于 Where are you going?）
What a luck! （真倒霉！）（等于 What a bad luck it is!）
6. quit the job: 辞掉工作。Quit 意思是“停止”，如，quit school（辍学），quit work（停
止工作），quit smoking（戒烟）。
7. ID: 身份证 Identification 的缩写形式，也说 ID card。
8. Social Security Board: 社会保障局，社会保险局。半官方机构，为职业提供诸如“失业
保险”、“伤残保险”、“医疗保险”等。在某些国家，法律规定雇主所雇人员必须
持有 Social Security Board 的保险卡（Social Security card），若没有，雇主自己或雇
员本人必须限期为其雇员到 Social Security Board 办理所规定的险别，保险费（Social
Security contributions）由雇主和雇员按一定的比例分担，保险费的标准按雇员的工资多
少而定，雇主可从雇员的工资中扣除其应交份额（share），连同雇主应付之份额，定
期（一般为一个月）向 Social Security Board 交付。如果雇员在受雇期间生病、发生
工作时受伤或死亡等，雇主只需负担相当于该雇员几天工资的补偿费
（compensation），其余费用均由 Social Security Board 负担。倘若雇员没有社会保险
卡而为雇主工作，或雇主没有按期缴纳保险费，则雇主可能遭到严厉的惩罚（severe
penalty）。
9. try you two weeks: 试用两周。Try 的意思是“试用”。
10. starting wage: 起始工资。英语中，表示 “ 工资 ” 的词有 wage ， salary 和
pay。Wage 常表示按小时、天计报酬，并常按周付给故宫的工资，这一类主要指那些
做体力劳动的工人的工资。salary 常用来表示那些从事脑力劳动、工作固定的雇员工资，
如在政府机关、学校、公司等的职员。Pay 是一个普通词，在口语中可代替这两个词，
如：pay day
（发日工资），a good pay（高工资）。另外，enumeration 和 emoluments 常指支付
给高级技术人员在一定服务期的“报酬”，是非常正式的词。
11. day shift: 白班。 shift 在这里是 “ 轮班工作 ” 的意思，如： morning shift （早班），
evening shift（晚班），night shift（夜班）。
12. underpay: 少付工资。请注意这个词的构成，又如，underestimate（低估），同样，我
们可以说 overpay（多付），overestimate（高估）。
13. foreman: 工长。英语中类似意思的词还有 leading hand（领班）。
14. Social Security contributions: 社会保险费。常指为某种权利而缴纳的费用，如会员费
等。
15. income tax: 所得税。“个人所得税”是 personal income tax。
16. local practice: 当地做法，当地惯例。又如：international practice（国际惯例）。
17. hardhat: 安全帽。英语也可以说 safety helmet。
18. under our local law: 按我们的法律，我们法律所规定的。
19. pay rate: 工资标准。指每小时或每天的工资。
EXERCISES
1. When Mr. Zhang asks the job seeker if he has a Social Security card, he answers, “I
51
had one, but lost it last week. If you accept me, I will apply to the Social Security
Board for a new one.”（我原先有一个，但上周丢了，如果您给我工作机会的话，我会
向社会保障局再申请一个。）“apply(to…)for…”is used frequently in construction
management,
52
meaning“（向…）申请”。
1) A: Can we employ foreign workers?
B: 一般情况下可以，但你们须向劳动司为他们申请劳动许可证，说明理由。
(In most cases, yes. However, you have to apply to the Labour Department for their
work permits and give the reasons.)
2) A: We have decided to import your table lights to our country.
B: 谢谢，我们希望你们能协助我们在你们国家为我们的商标申请注册。
(Thank you. I hope you can assist us in applying for the registration of our trade mark
in your country.)
3) A: 请你方用快件将所用单据寄给我们，以便我们能够申请进口许可证。
(Please send us all the documents by express mail so that we can apply for the import
licence.)
B: We’ll do it in a couple of days.
2. When Mr. Young, the labour officer wants do direct Mr. Zhang’s attention to the local
workers’ holidays, he says, “One thing to which I’d like to draw your attention.”（有一
件事我想提醒你注意。）“draw one’s attention to sth.”is used often when you want
someone to take notice of something, meaning“提醒…注意…”。
1) A: There’s no stipulation about it in the specification.
B: 我想提醒你看一看五月二号你方下达的变更命令。
(I’d like to draw your attention to the variation order issued by you on May 2.)
2) A: We have informed you of our intention to change the design already.
B: 请你看一看六月八号对你方的答复好吗？
(May I draw your attention to our response dated June 8?)
3) A: 虽然是最后一点，但也很重要，我想提醒你方注意这一里程碑日期。
(Last, but not the least, I’d like to draw your attention to this milestone dage.)
B: We’ll certainly keep it in mind.
当地劳务管理（management of local labour）是国际工程管理又一方面。由于工程所在

国往往对承包商带入该国的工程人员的数量有所限制，或由于承包商雇佣本国劳动力费用较
高，所以，承包商一般只从本国选派一些关键技术人员和管理人员（key personnel），而全
部普工（unskilled）、半熟练工人（semi-skilled）和一些技工（skilled）均从工程所在国雇
用。
关于当地人员的雇用方式，一般是工程刚刚开始时在当地的报刊和电台上刊登招工广告，
随着工程的进展，可告知正在受雇当地工人，是之代为宣传。有时，也可要求业主或当地劳
动部门协助。
招工时，要让求职人出示法律规定的必要证件，如身份证（ ID card ）、出生证
（Certificate of Birth）等。之后，可询问一下工作经历（working experience）。对于技术
工人，还应进行技术测试，并规定试用期（probationary period），以避免因招收的人员技
术欠佳或缺乏责任心而导致设备的坏损。
承包商的劳务管理人员一定要熟悉当地的劳动方法的有关规定，如：最低工资标准；节
假日加班费的标准；工人的福利；劳动保护；雇用外籍劳工；人身保险等。由于节假日的加
班费一般很高（一些重要节假日，加班费高达平时工作日的三倍），所以，劳务管理人员要
53
在
54
节假日到来之前通知用工施工队，使其提前对近日工作做出安排，在不影响工程进度的情况
下，尽量避免在节假日让大量当地工人加班（work on holiday）。
劳动部门是代表工人的利益来监督管理雇主的。与当地劳动部门搞好关系将有助于承包
商的劳务管理工作。
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UNIT 8 MEETINGS (1)
It is customary for regular meetings to be held between the Owner and the Contractor,
normally on a weekly or monthly basis, in the course of the construction of the project, at
which various matters are discussed and, hopefully, resolved regarding progress, quality,
environmental protection, site security and safety precautions, and so on.
1. Monthly Progress Review
(Smooth progress of the project is the key to guaranteeing completion on time to which the
Owner always attaches great importance, for early completion will bring timely returns from
the project, especially for the private Owners. Today, present at the meeting are Mr.
Sukhnandan and Mr. Shaw from the Owner; Mr. Bian, Mr. Ma and Mr. Huang from the
Contractor. )
Sukh: Shall we start our meeting? (All the participants nod.) OK. Gentlemen, the purpose
of our meeting today is to review and discuss the progress of this project. First of
all, I would like you to explain what you have achieved for the past month. Mr.
Bian?
Bian: Generally speaking, the construction activities have been going smoothly, but
there are certain problems concerning some import permits. For the details, Mr. Ma
will give us an account of the construction progress for all the sections of the
Works.
Ma: Let’s start with the diversion structure. For the cofferdam, we have placed 2.600
cubic metres of concrete. It will be finished within the next few days and on
schedule. At the left abutment and the dam foundation, we have completed 5.000
cubic metres of rock excavation. That’s what had been achieved at the diversion
structure during the preceding month. Let’s now have a look at the tunnel
excavation. At Adit A, we have advanced 120 metres at the upstream working face
and 80 metres at the downstream. We’ve also done 590 pieces of steel rock bolt
which amount to 4.5 tons. At Adit B, the tunneling advance is 40 metres. Rock bolt,
750 pieces. The portal of Adit B adds up to 15 tons. That’s for the tunneling. Now,
the power house. The foundation excavation is being done there. The quantity
completed for the past month is 5,000 cubic metres. And last, the installation of the
stone crushing plant has been completed and it is now test running.
Sukh: Thank you, Mr. Ma. From Mr. Ma’s report, we can see that the progress at the
diversion structure, in general, conforms to the construction schedule with which
we are quite satisfied. Have you started the excavation at the intake? Mr. Ma
hasn’t mentioned anything about it. In the construction schedule submitted to us,
the excavation at the intake should start late in the past month, that is late in
March.
Bian: Let me clear this up. Lately, from the weather forecast, the rainy season this year
will come earlier than usual. So we have concentrated our manpower and
equipment on the excavation of the foundation for Blocks 7 and 8 and on the
concrete placement for the cofferdam. If all the relevant work is finished in time, we
will be able to pour the first lifts for the two blocks before the rainy season comes.
Therefore, we could avoid a lot of trouble in clearing away from the dam foundation
56
all the debris and dirt that would be caused by the high water or, even, the possible
57
flooding occurring quite often during the rainy season. Besides, the excavation at
the intake is not a critical activity in the construction network. So it will not affect the
completion time of the whole project if we postpone the work at the intake within
the float time.
Shaw: Although the revision of the schedule sounds reasonable, it is a requirement of the
contract that whenever you revise the schedule, you must submit the revised
schedule to us for approval.
Bian: We don’t think it is a significant alteration. If you want it, we have it right here for
you.
Sukh: Thank you. Anyway, I want to remind you that everything should be done strictly in
accordance with the contract documents. I hope this kind of thing won’t happen
again. Now, I want to make a few comments on the tunneling. At Adit A, the
progress is all right, but the slow progress at Adit B gives me grave concern. It is,
from Mr. Ma’s report, two weeks behind schedule. Gentlemen, we all clearly know
that the completion of the whole works. So, I want to know what measures you are
taking to catch us with the schedule.
Ma: According to the geological data provided by you, the geology at Adit B should be
granite and of sound conditions. As the open excavation for the portal went along,
it was discovered that it is weathered rock. So we have had to treat is specially.
You can see from the amount of reinforcement steel we used how much effort we
have made to start the excavation at Adit B. Anyhow, the work is now on the track.
Bian: As to the specific measures, we are beginning to implement a two-shift system for
the adit excavation to expedite the progress. As soon as we reach the main tunnel
from this adit, a three-shift system will follow immediately. I believe good
cooperation and understanding between our two parties will get rid of all the
difficulties and obstacles and will lead to smooth progress of the project.
Shaw: It is good to have three shifts; but, to my knowledge and experience, you will
probably encounter more and more water as you go downstream. Besides, as the
rainy season is drawing near, the high river waters in this season could overflow
the cofferdam into the power house foundation pit at any time. So, I have to remind
you that sufficient suitable pumps must be kept available at the site to have enough
dewatering capacity for the likely events.
Ma: Thank you. We have also noted that.
Sukh: Talking about water pump, I want to know about the status of your materials and
equipment supply. How is it going?
Bian: We have Mr. Huang to answer this question.
Huang: By the end of March, we have purchased and delivered onto the site 20,000
gallons of fuels, 300 tons of steel, 1,800 cubic feet of lumber and 800 tons of
cement. In addition, 100 tyres of all kinds have been purchased. All these supplies
guarantee a smooth progress of the project; however, the second lot of explosive
and a batch of water pumps and spare parts we’ve ordered from the United States
have arrived at the port already but have not been able to be cleared through the
Customs due to the problem of the import permits. The explosive in stock on the
site is being used up and some equipment and trucks need spare parts badly.
Bian: Mr. Huang is right. If these supplies cannot be delivered onto the job site within two
58
weeks, all the excavation activities will have to come to a stop and, therefore,
adversely affect the whole construction progress to a large extent. We presented
our application to you for the permits a week ago and there’s been no reply up to
now.
Sukh: I’ve got the import permit for the spare parts and the tyres for you right here. As for
st
the permit for the explosive, there’s indeed a problem. From March 1 on, a new
law regulating the importation of dangerous goods has become effective. Explosive
is one of them. The law stipulates a much more complicated and restrictive
procedure to get the relevant permits, probably due to the recent changes of the
government policy. You could say that you have to go through a lot of red tape to
get this done. I have been calling the competent department many times to see
how it is going. Yesterday, I got a reply that I will get the permit by next Thursday.
You can rest assured that as soon as I get the permit, I’ll give it to you.
Bian: In that case, we’ll have to wait five days more, I hope it won’t hold us up.
Sukh: Mr. Bian, perhaps this is a silly question, but do you have the same red tape back
in
China? Of course you don’t have to answer.
Bian: The situation is just the opposite. You have it now while we had it in the past
(laughs), OK, Mr. Sukhnandan, back to our business. We need another license.
You see, as construction goes on, it seems that the telephones installed on the job
site are insufficient. Therefore, we want to have a radio communication system
which, I thing, is necessary to strengthen the site coordination and management.
So we hope that you can get a radio communication license for us. The sooner, the
better.
Sukh: I don’t think is a problem. I will be able to get it for you within one week, for sure.
Bian: Thank you. Good cooperation between us will certainly enhance our success with
this project.
Sukh: I can assure you, Mr. Bian, as the representative of the project Owner, I will, as
always, stand firmly behind you in the execution of this project. And I believe that,
through our mutual efforts, this project will surely be a success.
Bian: I think so, too.
customary 常例的，通常的
regular meeting 定期会议，例会
on a weekly or monthly basis 按每周或每月
in the course of 在…过程中
resolve 解决
environmental protection 环境保护
safety precaution 安全预防措施
site security 现场治安
private Owner 私营业主
present at the meeting 参加会议，与会
participant 参加者，与会者
generally speaking 总的来说
59
construction activity 施工活动，施工作业
go smoothly 进展顺利
cofferdam 围堰
on schedule 按计划（准时完成）
abutment 坝座，岸墩
dam foundation 坝基
the preceding month 上一个月
adit 支洞
advance 进尺
upstream 上游
downstream 下游
steel rock bolt 钢岩石锚栓，锚杆
amount to 合计，总计为
reinforce 加固
consume 消耗，消费
add up to 累计，加起来
stone crushing plant 碎石厂
conform to 符合，与…一致
intake 进水口
clear up 澄清，（天气）放晴
weather forecast 天气预报
clear away 清理
debris and dirt 残渣与淤泥
flooding 洪水
critical activity 关键作业
construction network 施工网络
revision of the schedule 修改计划
give me grave concern 使我极为担心
play a vital part 起至关重要的作用
catch up with the schedule 赶计划
geological data 地质资料
granite 花岗岩
sound conditions 完好的状况
open excavation 明挖
weathered rock 风化岩石
the work is now on the track 工作走上轨道
specific measure 具体的措施
main tunnel 主隧洞
obstacle 障碍
overflow 溢流，漫顶
dewatering capacity 排水能力
water pump 水泵
status 状况
the second lot 第二批
a batch of 一批
60
clear through the Customs 从海关清出
come to a stop 停止
to a large extent 很大程度上
up to now 至今
restrictive 限制性的
go through a lot of red tape 过层层关卡，过繁琐的手续
in that case 在那种情况下，那样的话
hold up 耽搁
a silly question 不该问的问题
back to our business 回到正题来
radio communication system 无线电通信系统
site coordination and management 现场协调和管理
I can assure you 我向你保证，我可以使你放心
mutual efforts 双方努力
NOTES TO THE TEXT

1. attach great importance to: 十分重视。
例如：Most or China’s international construction companies attach great importance to
the training of their personnel.（中国的大多数国际建筑公司都重视职员培训。）表示
“重视”的英语词组还有：pay much attention to；set great store by。
2. timely returns: 及时的收益。（常为复数）意思是“利润，盈利，收益”。
例如：Small profits, quick returns.（薄利多销）。
It is expected that they will have a good return on the investment in this project.（预计
他们对这个项目的投资将会得到丰厚的收益）。
另外：这个词还有“报表”的意思。
如：a return of Constructor’s Equipment.（承包商的设备报表）。
a return of labour.（劳务报表）。
3. sections of the Works: 工程的区段。section 常指相对独立的工程部分。
4. diversion structure: 引水结构。本课中指“大坝和进水口”。
5. place 2,600 cubic metres of concrete: 浇筑两千六百方混凝土。“浇筑混凝土”英语中
还可以说 pour concrete，cast concrete。
6. rock excavation: 岩石开挖。在工程中与 excavation 构成的常用词组有：
earth excavation（土方开挖），trench excavation（沟渠开挖），rapid excavation（快
速开挖），bulk excavation（大量开挖），dry excavation（干挖），wet excavation
（水下开挖），deep excavation（深层开挖）。
7. portal of Adit B: B 支洞洞口。portal: 入口，洞口。
8. Blocks 7 and 8: 第七和第八坝块。一个混凝土坝一般分若干块进行浇筑，每一块英语为
a block。
9. the first lifts for the two blocks: 两坝块的第一层。lift 这里指每次浇筑的一层。
10. float time: 浮动时间，时差。工程进度管理的“关键线路法”（CPM）中，float time 有两
61
种，一种是 total 总浮动时间/总时差），即：一项作业在不影响其紧后工序
floa（t （successor）
的前提下，它的最早开始时间（early start）与最迟开始时间（late start）之间的时差
（或：最早完成时间（early finish）与最迟完成时间（late finish）之间的时差）；另一
种是 free float （自由浮动时间 / 自由时差），即：一项作业的最早开始时间与它
的紧前工序
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（predecessor）的最早完成时间之间的时差。
11. steel bracing: 钢支撑。bracing（支撑，加劲）是 brace 的动名词形式，常构成的词组有
bottom bracing（底撑），portal bracing（门撑），sway bracing（斜支撑），top
bracing
（顶撑），penstock bracing（压力管道支撑）。
12. power generation: 发电。generation 的动词形式是 generate。
13. two-shift system: 两班制。下文的 three-shift system 则是“三班制”。
14. expedite the progress: 加快进度。expedite（加速）相当于 accelerate.
15. to my knowledge and experience: 根据我的了解和经验。请注意这种结构。
例如：to our surprise（使我们惊奇的是）；to my delight（使我们高兴得是）；to
her disappointment（使她失望的）。
16. draw near: 来临，迫近。
例如：Christmas is drawing near. （圣诞节快要到了。）
17. foundation pit: 基坑。pit 这个词在工程管理中很常用，与它组成的常用词组有：air pit
（通风井），bore pit（探坑），borrow pit（取料场），catch pit（集水坑），siphon
pit（虹吸坑）， tailwater pit（尾水坑），test pit（试坑）。
18. gallon: 加仑。液量单位，1 gallon（英）＝4.546 litres；1 gallon（美）＝3.785 litres。
19. explosive in stock: 库存炸药。in stock：有库存的，“无库存的”英语是 out of stock。
20. use up: 用完。Up 放在某些动词后面，表示“完”，“光”的含义。
例如：eat up（吃光），burn up（烧光），finish up（全部完成），dry up（干枯），
Time’s up（时间到）。
21. present our application: 呈交申请。present 这里是动词，意思是“呈交，递交”，英语
中表示同样意思的词还有：submit，forward，deliver。
22. regulating: 管理，管辖。Regulate 这个词在工程中还常有“调节”的含义，其名词形式
regulation 很常用。
例如：automatic regulation（自动调节），flow regulation（流量调节），natural
regulation
（自然调节），dynamic regulation（动态调节）。“调节器”是 regulator。
23. stand firmly behind: 坚决支持。也可说 be firmly behind，等于 be in support of。例如：
All the directors are firmly behind the chairman’s plan.（董事们都很支持董事长的计
划。）
24. I think so, too. : 我也这样认为。这是赞成别人时的惯用语。
EXERCISES
1. Talking about the revision of the schedule, Mr. Shaw says, “Although the revision of the
schedule sounds reasonable, it is requirement of the contract that whenever you
revise the schedule, you must submit the revised schedule to us for approval.”（尽管
修改计划看起来合理，但合同要求，无论你方设施修改，须得将修改的计划提交我方批
准。） “ submit…to…”is a very useful expression often used in administration of
contract, meaning“向…提交…”
1) A: 你们何时能将初步设计提交给我们？
(When will you be able to submit the preliminary design to us?) B: Within two weeks.
2) A: 如果你方想即使得到付款，就得准时向我们提交每月报表。
(If you want to get timely payment, you’ll have to submit the monthly statement to us on
59
time.)
B: We certainly will
3) A: 我们已经向你方提交了同期纪录，不知你方看法如何。
(We have submitted the contemporary record to you and would like to know your comment.)
B: We are examining it and the extension of time will be based on it.
2. When Mr. Sukhnandan comments on the progress at Adit B, he says, “It is ,from Mr.
Ma’s repot, two weeks behind schedule.”（根据马先生的报告，这一进度比计划迟了两
周。） The word“behind”is quite used when talking about the progress,
meaning“落后”or“晚于”。
1) A: 我必须指出，你们的实际进度已经比计划晚了一周。
(We must point out that your actual progress is already one week behind schedule.)
B: That is due to the recent adverse weather conditions. We are trying our best to make up for lost time.
2) A: 如果你们不能如期向我们付款，我们将暂停第二批货的发运。
(If you are behind in your payments to us, we will suspend the shipment of the second batch of
cargoes.)
B: In case we are not able to pay on time, we will pay interest to you according to the supply contract.
3) A: How about the progress at the power house?
B: 由于吊车出了毛病，我们很可能在安装间格上晚几天。
(Because of a breakdown in the crane, we will probably be a few days behind with the completion of
the erection bay.)
3. When Mr. Sukhnandan promises to get the permit in a few days, Mr. Bian says, “In that case,
we’ll have to wait a few days more,” “In that case” is a very colloquial expression,
meaning“那样的话”。
1) 那样的话，我们不得不中止合同。
(In that case, we have to terminate the contract.)
2) 那样的话，我们只得再找另一厂家了。
(In that case, we have no choice but to look for another manufacturer.)
3) 那样的话，我们给你们百分之十的折扣。
(In that case, we can grant you a ten percent discount.)
背景与指南 ( BACKGROUND AND DIRECTIONS) (1)
在工程的实施过程中，通常业主与承包商（有时也邀请其他有关人员参加）定期或不定
期地召开会议，以审查前一段的工作情况，安排下一阶段的工作，并就存在的问题协商解决。
会议涉及的方面很多，如：进度，质量，环境保护，现场安全，付款等。
工程的进度（project progress）是工程管理中最重要的方面之一。对业主来说，按期或
提前竣工有利于投资的回收（timely returns）；对承包商来说，如果工程进度的拖延不仅影
响承包商的声誉（reputation），而且很可能将给承包商带来严重的经济损失（financial
loss），如：拖期赔偿；工程管理费增大；前期垫付资金不能及时收回等。
在工程管理中，通常每月业主与承包商都要召开一次工程进度审查会（progress review
60
meeting）。在会议上，业主一般先让承包商的负责进度的人员汇报上一月进度情况，然后
对没有达到进度计划安排的工期的工作面提出来，要求承包商澄清并给出赶工计划。
关键线路法（CPM）是当前利用网络技术进行施工进度控制最普遍采用的方法。对于重
大工程项目，业主往往在合同文件中明确要求采用此种方法安排施工。承包商在工程的实施
中，可根据具体发生的情况动态地调整施工工序（working sequence），使工期最优化。但
是，如果要对进度计划做出变动，一般要经过业主或其授权人员的批准，这一点光常在合
同中规定。
在此类会议上，承包商还常提出与进度有关的事项，请求业主协助解决，如通过政府部
门办理各种许可证等。
61
UNIT 9 MEETINGS (2)
2. Quality Control
(Quality is one of the critical factors to ensure the success of a construction project. Due to
the recent quality defects in the construction, a special meeting is called on the job site by
the Owner’s Representative, Mr. Sukhnandan. )
Sukh: Gentlemen, our resident engineer and I have noticed lately that, with the
increasing work activities, your performance with regard to compliance with the
Specifications and quality of work has slackened. Our resident engineer, Mr.
Harrison, will give an account to of what he has found at the various sections of
the job site.
th th
Harrison: On 18 and 19 of this month, I spent some time observing the placing of
concrete for the first lift of Block 9 o the dam structure. I carried out a slump test
at the placement location with the help of your testing engineer, Mr. Zhou, and
found that the water/cement ratio was not in accordance with the Specification.
At the Power House, severe formwork misalignment has occurred along the
draft tube side. Areas of “Honeycomb” can also be seen in the concrete duo to
lack of sufficient compaction and vibration. Also at the Power House, the
multiple runs of embedded electrical conduit are being installed without
adequate spacing. The space between such conduits must be at least equal to
the largest aggregate size to allow proper bonding and to avoid forming a
weakened plane in the concrete.
Sukh: I’d like to have your comments on all these, Mr. Bian.
Bian: As the Contractor’s project manager, I believe quality is the life of the whole
works and our first priority in its achievement. Unfortunately, such problems as
Mr. Harrison have described have occurred. Regarding the problems, let’s ask
our chief engineer, Mr. Ma, to give the details of our remedy.
Ma: About the placement of Block 9, I was given the test result right after it came out.
We followed Mr. Harrison’s order and immediately suspended the pouring
operation and cleared the unqualified mix away from the Block. Mr. Harrison
was then there. At the same time our technicians looked into the cause and
found that the electronic control system of the batch plant was out of order. They
soon repaired it and the pouring operation was resumed after a stop of 45
minutes. Now, about the misalignment. We’ve decided, after a careful study, that
the defective concrete resulting from the formwork misalignment will be broken
out with pneumatic drills. As for the areas of minor “honeycomb”, we will get
them specially treated to your satisfaction.
Sukh: When do you plan to do the repairs?
Bian: Tomorrow.
Sukh: What are you going to do about the last problem?
Bian: Actually, we are doing that job strictly in compliance with the working drawings
issued by your engineer. May I refer you to Drawing No. MJ—7?
Ma: There’s something in what Mr. Harrison has just said about the spacing between
62
the conduits, but to my construction experience, weakened planes can be
avoided if a special concrete mix is made and the pouring procedure is kept
under proper control.
Sukh: I will check the drawing and discuss the matter with our consultants this
afternoon. Meanwhile, you are instructed to stop the work on this part of the
project.
Bian: All right, Mr. Sukhnandan, we take your instruction, but will you please give us a
written confirmation.
Sukh: I leave this to Mr. Harrison.
Bian: Well, Mr. Sukhnandan, we will take a lesson from these matters and strengthen
our quality assurance system.
Sukh: I have to reiterate that ongoing construction work is at a critical stage and that
the power house is a key component of the generating capability of this project. I
expect your site management to exert close supervision and proper coordination
of the various work crews without compromising on quality.
Ma: We will pay more attention to those activities.
Bian: It’s true that we are facing a pressing completion time and have to expedite the
construction progress, but we will certainly not do it at the cost of the project’s
quality. I believe that efforts on both sides will result in not only a timely product
but also a high-quality one.

critical 关键因素
ensure 保证
duo to 由于，到期付给
quality defect 质量缺陷
call a meeting 召开会议
work activety 施工作业
compliance with the Specifications 按照规范
water/cement ratio 水灰比
misalignment 未对准，定线不准
draft tube 通风管，尾水管
breaks and steps 裂缝与凸面
honeycomb 蜂窝
vibration 压实，夯实
embedded electrical conduit 电缆预埋管，电线预埋管
spacing 间距 bonding
结合，连接
weakened plane 弱结合面，弱结合层
first priority 第一优先权，首要任务
remedy 补救 pouring
operation 浇注作业
unqualified mix 不合格的拌和料
electronic control system 电子控制系统
63
defective concrete 有缺陷的混凝土
break out 崩落，打掉
pneumatic drills 风钻
minor 微小的，不严重的
written confirmation 书面确认
take a lesson from 从…吸取教训
quality assurance system 质量保证体系
ongoing 进行中的
at a critical stage 处于关键阶段
generating capacity 发电能力
exert 施加，尽力
close supervision 严格监督
compromising on quality 对质量降低要求，使质量遭受损害
the curing of concrete 混凝土养护
a pressing completion time 急迫的竣工时间，工期紧
high-quality 高质量的
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. resident engineer: 驻地工程师，现场工程师。为业主的在工地负责管理承包商实施工程

的管理人员。在一工地，往往有很多类型的“工程师”，常见的工程师类别有：
advisory
64
enginee 顾问工程师），chief 总工程师），consulting 咨询工程师），
（r enginee（r enginee（r
division engineer （工区工程师）， section engineer （工段工程师）， engineer in
charge
（主管工程师）， civil engineer （土木工程师）， electrical engineer （电气工程
师）， mechanical engineer（机械工程师），geotechnical engineer（岩土工程师），
mining engineer（采矿工程师），office engineer（内业工程师），process engineer
（工艺工程师）。
2. with regard to: 有关。与这个词组同义还有：in regard to, concerning。
3. slacken: 放松，松懈。形容词形式为 slack。
4. slump test: 坍落度试验。也可以说 slump consistency test。Slump: 坍塌，坍落（度），
工程中常见的术语还有：slump block（坍落试验堆），slump cone（坍落度筒），
slump meter
（坍落度计）。
5. follow one’s order: 遵照命令。follow 在这儿是“接受”，“遵循”的意思。如：follow
one’s advise（接收建议），follow one’s instruction（遵循指示）。
6. multiple runs: 管网布置。Run 在这里是“线路”的意思，如：cable run（电缆敷设路
线），
pipe run（管道）。
7. look into the cause: 调查原因。look into 在这里是“调查”的意思。等于 investigate，
例如：look into a problem（调查一问题）。
8. resume: 恢复，重新开始。这个词指的是事情暂停一段后又继续，如：resume the work
（复工），resume the talk（恢复谈判），resume the journey（又继续赶
路）。
9. keep under proper control: 恰当控制。Under 这个词后面接名词构成一些很有用的词组，
如：under discussion（在讨论中），under consideration（在考虑中），under
repair（在修理中）。
10. working drawing: 施工详图。其他类型的图纸有：architectural drawing（建筑图），
asbuilt
（或 completion）drawing（竣工图），contract drawing（工程发包图），engineering
drawing
65
（工程图），general drawing（总图），outline drawing（略图），elevation
drawing（立面图），plain view drawing（平面图），sectional drawing（剖面图），
skeleton drawing
（草图），structure drawing（结构图）。
11. we take your instruction: 我们接受你的指示。take 在这里是“接受”的意思，等于上面
的 follow。
12. I leave this to Mr. Harrison: 这件事我留给 Harrison 先生。Leave sth to sb 意思是“留
某事（物）给某人（做）”。
13. a timely product: 直译是：“一个及时的产品”，这里指的是“及时完成的工程”。
EXERCISES
1. When Mr. Harrison says that the multiple runs of embedded electrical conduit are
installed without adequate spacing, Mr. Bian answers, “Actually, we are doing that job
strictly in compliance with the working drawings issued by your engineer. May I refer
you to Drawing No. MJ-7?”（事实上，我们是严格按照你方工程师颁发的图纸来做这项
工作的。请你们看一下 MJ-7 号图纸好吗？） “ refer sb to sth.”is a very useful
expression when you want someone to take look at something, especially contract
documents, to make sure that you are right,“请某人参看某文件”。
1) A: Why have you reduced the progress?
B: 我认为在你们付款拖延时我们有权这样做。请看一下合同第二十条的规定好吗？
(I think we have the right to do so when your payment to us is delayed. May I refer you
to Clause 20 of the Contract?)
2) A: You have no right to change the design.
B: 我们是在你们同意之后才变动的，请你看一下八月九号的会议记录好吗？
(We have done that upon your approval. May I refer you to the minutes of the meeting
held on August 9. )
3) A: This section of the project should have been completed by the end of April.
B: 情你看一下你方得驻地工程师七月八号签发得停工令好吗？
(May I refer you to the stop-work order issued by your resident engineer on July 8?)
2. When Mr. Ma responds to Mr. Harrison’s comment on the installation of the multiple
runs, he says, “There’s something in what Mr. Harrison has just said about the
sapcing between the conduits,…”（Harrison 先生刚才关于预埋管之间的间距的看法有
一定的道理，…）
“There’s something in what one says”is a very useful sentence pattern when you
partly agree to someone, meaning“某人所说的话有一定的道理”。
1) A: The building will look better if glass curtain walling is adopted.
B: 你说的有道理，但增加的费用哪里来呢？
(There’s something in what you say, but what about the extra cost?)
2) A: A lot of money will be saved if the design is modified a little.
B: 你说的有一定道理，但是否会影响这个设施的功能？
(There’s something in what you say, but will modification affect the functions of the
whole facility?)
3) A: If you recruit local laborers, it will relieve your manpower shortage.
B: 你说的有道理，但他们具体有所要求的技能吗？
(There’s something in what you say, but do they have the required skills?)
3. When Mr. Sukhnandan wants the Contractor to stop the work on the relevant part of
project, ha says, “Meanwhile, you’re instructed to stop the work on this part of the
project.”（同时，现指示你方停止这一部分工程的工作。）
“You’re instructed to do sth”is a formal expression, meaning“现指示你做某事”。
1) 现指示你方暂停发货。
(You’re instructed to suspend the shipment.)
2) 现指示你方停止立模。
(You’re instructed to erecting the formwork.)
3) 现指示你方复工。
(You’re instructed to resume the work.)
背景与指南 ( BACKGROUND AND DIRECTIONS) (2)
竣工工程质量的高低直接关系到工程的预期目的（ the intended goal）是否能达到，投

产后工程的效益是否能得到最大程度的发挥，因此，在工程的实施阶段，业主往往派遣自己
的技术人员和管理人员到现场的各工作面去监督管理承包商的工程作业。
对于一个国际承包商（international contractor），承建的工程质量的优劣直接影响到他
在国际工程承包界的信誉（reputation in the international contracting industry）。如果由于
承包商的原因导致重大的质量事故，则他将失去信誉，失去更多承建工程的机会
（ business opportunity），从而难于立足于国际工程承包市场（international contracting
market）。
在实施工程的过程中，承包商要辩证地（dialectically）处理质量、进度和费用之间的关
系。越是在工期紧的情况下，越不能忽视质量，否则，很可能欲速则不达（The more haste,
the less aped.）。万一出现质量问题，要及时改正，虚心接受业主人员的批评意见。自始至
终，承包商要按照业主的工程师颁发的图纸和其他技术文件施工，若发现其中的确有误，要
委婉的提出，并给出自己的修改意见，以便给对方一个好印象，使其在其他方面给予友好的
合作。
总之，对于一个国际承包商来说，一个优质的工程就是其最好的广告（A high-quality
“product” is the best advertisement for an international contractor.）。
UNIT 10 MEETINGS (3)
3. Site Security and Safety
(To help to avoid losses on a construction project, the constructor’s attention should
specially be drawn to security and safety at the construction site. Normally, a security and
safety plan is made carefully to prevent accidents from occurring, the materials from being
stolen and to prevent vandalism to the works. Today, Mr. Sukhnandan and Mr. Bian are
working on a security and safety plan for the project. )
Sukh: Mr. Bian, I have reviewed the draft of the security plan submitted by you last week.
On the whole, it is acceptable, but there are still some deficiencies.
Bian: I’d like to have your suggestions.
Sukh: It is stated in the plan that two watchman are to be stationed at the main gate of
the site. That is not enough. Four more are required with two being stationed at the
explosive storage and two patrolling the major working areas and the boundary of
the site.
Bian: I agree that two more are required at the explosive storage, as this is a very
special area. As to the patrolling two, I think they are needed just for the night time.
Sukh: This arrangement is workable. However, all the watchman must be professional
security guards. They should not be employed from ordinary civilians.
Bian: Could you recommend where we can get the professionals?
Sukh: There’s local company called Wakenhut which specializes in providing security
services. All of their men are quite skilled and experienced.
Bian: They are just what we need. We’ll contact this company.
Sukh: Also, there must be warning signs like “No Trespassing!” around the site perimeter
and “Hazardous Materials” at the explosive storage.
Bian: All right, we’ll take this action immediately.
Sukh: Now, about safe operations at the site, I want to add the following: All personnel,
including authorized visitors, must wear hard hats and sturdy shoes. It is a must.
That’s number one. Number two, fire extinguishers must be provided at all
locations where welding or burning operations take place. Number three, ladders
and scaffolds must be either standard commercial products or be job-built from
appropriate lumber. “Jungle timber” shall not be used. Number four, all the blasting
operations must be carried out by blasters with a blasting license issued locally.
Last, but not least, first aid stations with suitable equipment must be established at
all major working areas besides the medical station at the site.
Bian: Thank you for your suggestions, Mr. Sukhnandan. I hope we can be allowed to
use jungle timbers for some temporary facilities.
Sukh: Yes, but upon our prior approval only.
Bian: Any further suggestions?
Sukh: To be frank with you, what I especially care about is the safety in the tunneling
operation. What measures do you plan to take to prevent accidents?
Bian: It is true that tunnel excavation is a most dangerous activity. We are fully aware of
the possible accidents, such as cave-ins, water surging, suffocation and electric
shock. Relevant measures will be taken against them. A geology engineer is
appointed solely for this purpose. He job is, among other things, to observe the
status of the rock strata. Alarm system is installed in the tunnel. If decomposed
rock or strata gap is encountered, we will do the lining along with the excavation.
Sukh: Mr. Bian, this is the last thing I want to mention. In case accidents occur during the
tunnel excavation, what special measures will you take?
Bian: We’ve already placed an order for an ambulance for this purpose.
Sukh: To be safer, I would suggest that you contact the nearby hospitals beforehand, to
make arrangements with them. They are always ready to give any help they can. If
a serious accident occurs, they will send their ambulance together with the medical
staff to the spot immediately.
Bian: That’s a good idea.
Sukh: Mr. Bian, safety is not something minor. It concerns the reputation and image of
this project and of both parties. I hope it arouses your attention.
Bian: As an experienced international contractor, reputation is most important to us.
Besides, experience shows that if proper effort is made in safety precautions, it will
not hinder the progress. Instead, it will help progress because a team with less
accident is more efficient and productive.
vandalism 故意破坏，人为破坏
watchman 看守，值班人员
patrol 巡游，巡查
major working area 主要工区
boundary 边界
workable 可行的
professional 职业的，专业人员
security guard 保安人员
ordinary civilian 普通平民
warning sign 警告牌
trespass 不经许可私自进入，侵犯
site perimeter 现场周围 hazardous
materials 危险材料，危险品
authorized visitors 被允许进入现场的参观者
sturdy shoes 防护性鞋子，劳保鞋
fire extinguisher 灭火器
welding 焊接
ladder 梯子
scaffold 脚手架
standard commercial product 标准商用产品
blasting operation 爆破作业
blaster 爆破工，起爆器
first aid station 急救站
medical station 医疗站
cave-in 塌方
water surging 涌水
suffocation 窒息
electric shock 电击，中电
ambulance 救护车
beforehand 预先，事先
medical staff 医护人员
safety is not something minor 安全可不是小问题
arouse 引起
hinder 耽搁，拖后
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. on the whole: 总体上，大致。例如：

This plan is not bad on the whole.
（这个计划总的来说还部错。）
On the whole, I like this design.
（总的来说，我喜欢这种设计。）
2. station: 驻扎，安置。此处用作动词，指派遣人员驻扎看守某地。
3. main gate: 大门。工地的大门有时也说 barrier 一词。
4. Wakenhut: 一保安公司的名称。
5. No Trespassing! : 不得入内！这是常用的告示语。
6. we’ll take this action immediately: 我们将照此立即执行。take action 意思是“采取行
动”， “提起诉讼”。
例如：The supplier decided to take action against that company.
（供货商决定起诉那家公司。）
7. It is a must. : 这是必须做的事。must 这里是名词，意思是“必要条件”，“必须做的
事”。例如：English is a must if you want to work in an English-speaking country.
（要想在讲英语的国家工作，会英语是一项基本条件。）
8. “Jungle timber”: 这里指从丛林中砍伐的原木。
9. Last, but not least: 最后，但同样重要的是。这是在强调自己最后所说的内容也同样重要
时，常说的一句套话。
10. Yes, but upon our prior approval only: 只有事先得到我们批准后才可以。Upon 这里的
意思是“再…之后（随即）”。
11. Relevant measures will be taken against them. : 将采取有关防范这些问题的措施。句中
意思是“防范”，“针对”，请注意这种用法。如：take precautions against fire（采取
防火措施）；insert a price against each item of work（针对每项填入一个价格）。
12. among other things: 除了别的事情之外。在这里指的是“除了做其它安全工作之外”。
13. the spot: 地点。这个词常指事故发生地点。
EXERCISES
1. When Mr. Bian asks for suggestions, Mr. Sukhnandan says, “It is stated in the plan that
two watchman are to be stationed at the main gate of the site.” （按计划规定，要派
两名看守驻扎在现场大门。）
“It is stated that…”is a very useful sentence pattern, meaning“（按）…规定…”。
1) 合同规定，该项工程应于 1996 年 12 月竣工。
(It is stated in the contract that works shall be completed by December, 1996.)
2) 规定，没有业主的同意，承包商不得将工程的任何部分分包出去。
(It is stated in the contract is not allowed to sublet any part of the works without the
consent of the owner.)
3) 在投标人须知中规定，如果中标人拒绝签署合同，其投标保函将被没收。
(It is stated in the Instructions to Bidders that the successful bidder will forfeit his tender
bond if he refuses to sign the contract.)
4) 规范中规定，承包商必须提供袋装水泥。
(It is stated in the specifications that the contractor must supply bagged cement.)
2. When talking about the tunnel excavation, Mr. Sukhnandan says, “Mr. Bian this is the
last thing I want to mention.” （卞先生，这是我最不愿意提的事情。）
“the last thing sb. want to do”is a useful sentence pattern, meaning“某人最不愿意
做某事。
1) 我最不喜欢做这项工作。
(This is the last job I want to do.)
2) 他根本不会接受这个建议。
(This is the last advice he will take.)
3) 我们最不愿意采用这种施工方法。
(This is the last construction method we want to adopt.)
4) 供货商最不愿意接受这种支付方式。
(This is the last method of payment the supplier will accept.)
在国际工程的施工过程中，现场治安与施工安全是一个值得重视的问题。一家国际承包
商的治安与安全保障体系的好坏，不仅会体在现其经济效益上，而且关系到他在国际承包市
场上的业务形象。
由于承包商所从事的工程处于一个他不太熟悉的国家或地区，做好防盗、防人为破坏
（guard against theft and vandalism）的工作尤其重要。如果材料或设备被盗，不仅导致直
接经济损失，而且由于来不及重置（replacement），而影响工程的实施。
建筑行业是发生工伤事故比较高的一个行业。由于国际工程往往集中了不同国家的技术
和雇用大量的当地劳务人员（local labour），思想观念和工作方式的不同，加之所存在的语
言障碍（language barrier），在施工中出现事故的可能性就更大。强调安全并不会影响工
程的进度。在国外，雇主和劳动力之间的关系是一个敏感问题（sensitive issue）。如果承
包商重视工人的健康与安全工作，工人的积极性就高，工作效率也就高。反之，若工地常
常发生工伤事故（accidents at site），这不仅会降低工人的工作效率，而且很可能在当地
招募不到所需的劳动力，从而影响工程的顺利进展。
对于危险场所，如：炸药仓库、变电站、发电机房等，要标有用汉语和当地语言书写警
告牌（warning signs）。在进场道路和现场内的道路上危险地段，也应设有限速（speed
linit）标志与相应的警告牌。
UNIT 11 MEETINGS (4)
4. Environmental Protection
(As environment has become a big concern in the modern world, environmental protection
ia always emphasized by the country where the Works are executed. At today’s meeting,
matters on the project’s environmental protection are scheduled to be discussed. Mr.
Lucas, an inspector from the local Environmental Protection Agency, is present at the
meeting and inquires of Mr. Sukhnandan, the Owner’s representative, and Mr. Bian, the
Contractor’s Sukh: Mr. Bian, I don’t think you’ve met Mr. Lucas, Inspector of EPA. Mr.
Lucas, this is Mr.
Bian, project manager of the Contractor for this project.
Bian: Welcome to the project, Mr. Lucas. It’s an honor to meet you.
Lucas: Thank you, Mr. Bian. I am glad to have a chance to be here.
Sukh: Mr. Lucas hopes to learn how the environment is protected while the project’s
going on.
Lucas: Yes, that’s what I am here for. This is a very important project for our country.
However, some local residents from the nearby community are rather concerned
with its possible adverse impact on the environment during the construction. What
environmental protection measures do you undertake?
Bian: Mr. Sukhnandan and I have discussed this matter several times. Both sides attach
great importance to it. Right from the beginning of the Works, we studied the
environmental protection regulations published by the Government. Accordingly,
we have made a careful plan on this project, where guidelines are set out for all the
employees on this project to observe for protecting the relevant land, surrounding
vegetation and, especially, the Macal River water.
Lucas: May I have more specific details of your measures?
Bian: To avoid contamination by the leaking of fuel and garbage, various treatment
facilities have been built. Latrines, close to the working areas, were erected in
accordance with Mr. Sukhnandan’s suggestions. Protection of the Macal River
from contamination is where we spend our more effort. Things like empty cement
bags, cartons and other waste materials are cleared away from the river banks in
time to prevent them from falling into the river. As to the waste water from the
crushing system at our batch plant, special treatment is carried before it is let go
into the river.
Lucas: Could you elaborate on your special treatment?
Bian: We have a settlement tank system. It is cellular with three cells. The waste water
from the sand and aggregate washer first runs along the outlet ditch with filtering
devices into the first cell for initial settlement. After an interval of twenty four hours,
the water flows into the second cell where chemical treatment is given for the rock
flour to settle. Finally, the treated water reaches the river through the third cell. The
sediment sludge is cleaned out regularly and disposed of in a proper area.
Lucas: Sound fine, but how do you guarantee that this plan is implemented?
Bian: We have designated one of our staff to be solely in charge of this job. He is
responsible for monitoring and examining all the working crews carrying out this
work. Of course, we are always under the superintendence of the Owner.
Sukh: That’s right.
Lucas: Can I go to the job site and have a look, please?
Sukh: You are welcome to visit the job site at any time you like.
Bian: After your visit to the site, you could go back and tell those worried residents that
this project will not do any harm to their lives. Instead, it will improve their living
conditions.
a big cocern 极为关注的事

emphasize 强调
Environmental Protection Agency 环境保护局
inquire of 询问
implementation 执行
local resident 当地居民
adverse impact 不利影响
contamination 污染
leaking 漏，渗
treatment facility （废物）处理设施
carton 纸板箱
crushing system 碎石系统
elaborate 详细说明
settlement tank system 沉淀池系统，沉沙池系统
cellular 网格状的
cell 单元格，区格
sand and aggregate wesher 啥子与骨料冲洗机
outlet ditch 排水沟
filtering device 过滤装置
interval 间隔期，间隔时间
flow into 流入
chemical treatment 化学处理
rock flour 石粉末
settle 沉淀
sediment sludge 沉积泥沙
dispose of 处理
designate 指定
under the superintendence of 在…的监督下
living conditions 生活条件
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. present at the meeting: 出席会议。与会 present 这里是形容词，意思是“到场的”，

“出席的”。如：the people present here（到场的人）。
2. It’s an honour to meet you: 见到你真荣幸。这是首次见面时常说的客套话。
3. Mr. Lucas hopes to learn how the environment is protected…: Lucas 先生希望了解一下
环境保护方面的问题…。句中的 learn 在这里是“了解”，“得知”的意思。
例如：When he learned that the goods could not be delivered on time, he made a call
to the manufacturer immediately himself.
（当他得知货物不能按时交付，他立即亲自给厂家挂了电话。）
4. EPA: 环境保护局。Environmental Protection Agency 的缩写形式。
5. What environmental protection measures do you undertake? : 你们采取的环保措施有
哪些？undertake 在这里等于 take。
6. nearby community: 附近的居民。Community 意思是“团体”，“社区”，“同一地区
的全体居民”。如：international community（国际社会），religious community（宗
教团体）。
7. Right from the beginning of the Works: 从工程一开始。right 这里是加强语气的副词。
8. garbage: 废料，垃圾。英国人常说 rubbish 一词。
9. latrine: 工地上的简易厕所。
10. initial: 初始的，第一次。在合同管理中，这个词用作动词时，意思是“草签”、“小签”，
指在文件上签上自己名字的首写字母，如：如名字为 John Brown，则签 JB，中国人一
般签自己的姓（last name）。
11. …this project will do not any harm to their lives. : 意思是“对…无害”。
例如：Poor ventilation will do harm to the workers’ health.
（通风不好会损害工人的健康。）
EXERCISES
1. When Mr. Lucas wants to know more details about the treatment of waste water from
the crushing system, he says, “Could you elaborate on your special treatment?”（你是
否再详细地介绍一下你们专门的污水处理方法？）
“Could you elaborate on…”is a very polite way to ask for more detailed information
about something, meaning“您是否详细地说明一下…”。
1) A: We’ll do something about it.
B: 您是否能详细说一下你们得具体措施？
(Could you elaborate on your specific measures?)
2) A: This is our tentative plan.
B: 我们希望你们编制得再详细点。
(We hope you can elaborate on it.)
3) A: 你们只需要告诉我们事实，不必加以解释。
(You just tell us the facts. Don’t elaborate on them.)
B: All right, but the facts must be interpreted impartially.
2. When Mr. Lucas asks if he can go to the job site, Mr. Sukhnandan says, “You are
welcome to visit the job site at any time you like.”（随时欢迎您到工地参观。）
“You are welcome to do sth.”is an expression to welcome someone to do
something, meaning“欢迎您”or“您尽管…”。
1) 欢迎您到我们公司参观。
(You are welcome to visit our company.)
2) 欢迎您提出自己得建议。
(You are welcome to give us your suggestions.)
3) 这台设备您尽管用。
(You are welcome to use this equipment.)
近年来，随着社会的发展，环境保护正日益成为全球关心的问题（global concern）。
各国政府对在本国工程项目建设中可能造成的污染都很重视，常常在工程施工过程中派有
关人员到工地去检查。项目的业主也常在合同中对施工中的环保问题作出相应的规定。
承包商根据业主的要求往往也编制自己的环保计划（environmental protection plan），
对开挖出的弃土与石渣的倾倒（dumping of surplus soil and muck），施工现场上污水
（sewage）与垃圾（barbage）的处理，特别是对于一些可能出现化学污染（chemical
pollution）防范措施等作出详细的规定，供业主批准。
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UNIT 12 PAYMENT
For a construction project, payment of the contract price, normally, is divided into interinm
prayment and final payment, and is rather complex. To receive the progress payments
during the period of the construction, the contractor is required to apply for them by
submitting a monthly statement after the end of each working month.
1. Setting the of the Monthly Statement
(Before a monthly statement is submitted to Mr. Sukhnandan, the Owner’s representative,

the form of it has to be approved by him. Mr. Zhang, the Contractor’s project manager’s
assistant, is talking to him about the form.)
Zhang: Mr. Sukhnandan, this is the draft form of our monthly statement. Will you have a
check to see if it is all right, please?
Sukh: I’ll have to go over it first. If you are busy, Mr. Zhang, I’ll have it sent back to you,
together with my comments, when I’m through with it.
Zhang: I’d prefer to wait here if you don’t mind.
Sukh: Not at all. Take a seat, please.
Zhang: I hope we can settle the form this morning.
Sukh: I hope so, too. I think I’ll fe finished in fifteen minutes, and then you can have my
comments right away. Would you like a coffee?
Zhang: Thank you.
Sukh: (After checking.) Well, Mr. Zhang, the form is OK in general, but Item 1 “Value of
the Works Executed” in this form should ge broken down into two items. One is
for the permanent works and the other for the temporaty works.
Zhang: Fine, do you have any other comments?
Sukh: An “Others” item should be added at the end in this form, just in case there might
be any possible monies to which you are entitled under the contract. That’s all.
Zhang: Thank you, Mr. Sukhnandan. I’ll come back tomorrow afternoon and give you the
Monghly Statement for the completed month in this revised form. Is it all right with
you?
Sukh: Anytime after 3 o’clock.
Zhang: When do you think we can receive the payment?
Sukh: If there’s no problem with the statement, I’ll certify the payment to our head office
and accounting department right away. It will be transferred to your bank account
probably within 30 days after I get the statement, or within 56 days at the latest.
Zhang: Ok. I’ll be expecting it then. The sooner, the better.
2. The Amount is not correct
(As the amount of the payment certificate is obtained form complex calculations, problems
may occur easily. Mr. Zhang is in the Owner’s site office, showing his doubt to
Mr. Sukhnandan about the amount to be received from the Owner in respect of the
monthly payment)
Sukh: Have you received tha payment for October, Mr. Zhang?
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Zhang: I am not sure. We have not been informed by the bank yet, but thank you for your
prompt delivery of the copy of the Interim Certificate No. 6, Mr. Sukhnandan.
Unfortunately, we found that the amount is incorrect.
Sukh: Oh, is it?
Zhang: In this certificate, an amount of 10 percent to the payment due to us has been
deducted to repay the advance payment. We don’t think that it should be.
Sukh: The Owner is entitled to repayment of the advance through deductions at a rate of
10 percent of each progress payment.
Zhang: Yes, but after the total amount certified has reached 30 percent of the Contract
Price, according to the Contract.
Sukh: Now, the payments you’ve got have added up to this amount.
Zhang: That’s right, but we have a different understanding on this point. We believe that
the Contractimplies that the deduction should start from the next certificate by
using the word “AFTER” in Clause 60 “Repayment of the Advance Payment”.
Sukh: Perhaps the word “AFTER” is used incorrectly. It is indeed quite misleading here,
but the interim certificate has been delivered to our accounding department back
in our head office. Let me put it this way: The amount in this certificate stays ad it
is and I’ll make no deduction for the repayment in the next certificate. How does
this sound to you?
Zhang: It sounds all right. I’ll take it, since it would require too much effort to modify the
amount of the current certificate. Good coopetation is the key for the success of
this project.
Sukh: Thank you for your understanding.
Zhang: Mr. Sukhnandan, there’s something else I want to talk over with you. It’s about the
retention money. By now, the rerention nomies that have been deducted from all
the previous certificates have reached half of the total. Is it possible for us to
substitute a bank guarantee for the monies you’ve so retained? That means we
submit to you a guarantee with the same amount and you release all the retained
monies to us. We’re in need of more working capital at this construction stage,
you know.
Sukh: This concerns our general financing arrangements. Personally, I don’t oppose
such an idea so long as the guarantee is an unconditional one and the issuing
bank is acceptable. This issue, however, is beyond my authority and I’ll have to
ask the head office for approval.
Zhang: Will you please advise us when you have a response from your head office?
Sukh: I’ll give you a reply in seven days.
Zhang: Thank you.

contract prise 合同价格
final payment 最终付款，结算
progress payment 进度付款
setlle the form 将格式定下来
go over 审阅，看一遍
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in general 总体上
permanent works 永久工程
temporary works 临时工程
revised form 修改的格式
accounting department 会计部门
bank account 银行帐户
payment certificate 支付证书
in respect of 有关…方面
show one’s doubt about 对…表示疑问
repay 偿还
the advance payment 预付款
at a rate of 以 …的比率，以…的速度
reach 30 percent of the contract price 达到合同价格的 30%
retention 保持，保留（金）
previous 以前的
working capital 流动资金，周转资金
unconditional 无条件的
issuing bank 开具保函的银行，开证行
beyond my authority 超过我的权力
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. interim payment: 期中付款，临时付款相当于我们通常所说的 “ 进度付款 ”
（progress payment）。
2. monthly statement: 每月报表。指承包商为获得付款在每月末或下月初向业主提交的报
表，其中说明在该月已完成的工程价值，购买并运至现场的材料和设备的价值（value of
the materials and plants to be delivered onto the site ）以及有关的价格调整（ price
adjustmens）等。
3. I’ll have it sent back to you. : 我派人再把表送给你。请注意这一句型的用法。
4. Item 1 “Value of the Works Executed”: 第一项“完成的工程的价值”。item 这个词在
工程管理中很常用，如：item of work（工作项），an item of equipment（一件设备），
item No.（项目编号）。
5. break down into two items: 分成两项。Break down 在这里是“分解”，“分成细项”
的意思。如：break down the price（价格分解，价格分析）。
6. certify the payment: 开具支付证书。certify 在这里意思是“证明”，“为…开具证书”，
常用于财物方面，如：certified invoice（签证发票），certified check（保付支票），
certified letter of credit（保付信用证）。
7. interim certificate: 即 interim payment certificate（期中支付证书）。
8. due to: 这里是“到期应付”的意思。
9. the advance: 即 the advance payment（预付款），指业主在承包商开工前提前支付给
他的一笔不及利息的款项，用于承包商前期开支，并按合同规定从每月进度付款中分
期扣还。
10. stay as it is: 保持不变，不做修改。这是一种习惯用法。
11. the current certificate: 这一期的证书。current 意思是“现时的”，“通用的”，如：
current affairs （时事）， current account （活期存款账户，经常项目）， aurrent
assets（流动资
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产），current income（本期收益），current deposit（活期存款），current
liabilities（流动负债，短期负债），current price（时价）。
12. How does this sound to you? 你觉得这个意见怎么样？这是口语中征求别人意见时的常
用句型。
13. retention money: 保留金。指业主为了保证承包商在维修期/缺陷责任期（Maintenance
Period/Defects Liability Period）内去修补工程缺陷而从进度款项中所暂时扣发的一笔款
额，约为合同价格的 5%。
14. substitute for: 用…取代…。注意这个词组与 replace with 的区别，例如: The engineer
substituted the new parts for the worn parts of the mechine. （那位工程师用新部件换
下了机器的磨损件。）这句话同样可以说：The engineer replaced the worn parts of
the machine with the new parts.
15. bank guarantee: 银行保函。在国际工程管理中，常用的银行保函类型有：bid guarantee
（投标银行保函），performance guarantee（履约银行保函），bank guarantee for
advance payment（预付款银行保函），domestic preference guarantee（国内优惠银
行保函）。
EXERCISES
1. When Mr. Sukhnandan says, “If you are busy, Mr. Zhang, I’ll have it sent to you.”,
Mr.Zhang answers, “I’d prefer to wait here if you don’t mind.”（如果你不介意的话，我
想在这儿等一下。）“…if you don’t mind”is a very polite way in making a suggestion
or a choice.
1) A: We’d like to invite you to a dinner party tonight.
B: 如果你不介意的话，我想呆在我的房间准备一下明天的谈判条件。
(I’d preter to stay indoors to prepare the documents for tommorrow’s negotiation if you
don’t mind.)
2) A: Can we settle the matter now?
B: 如果你不介意的话，我想把这一问题留在下次会议讨论。
(I want to leave it to be discussed in our next meeting if you don’t mind. )
3) A: Where would you like to go for a visit?
B: 我想逛一逛故宫，如果你不介意的话。
(I’d like to have a stroll in the Palce Museum if you don’t mind.)
2. When Mr. Zhang says, “I hope we can settle the form this morning.”, Mr.Sukhnandan
replies, “I think I’ll be finished in fifteen minutes.”（我想我十五分钟就能完成。）“be
finished (with sth.)” means“（已经）完成某事”。
1) A: 你的工作完成了吗？
(Are you finished with your work?)
B: Not yet.
2) A: 你认为你们何时能完成截流？
(When do you think you will be finished with the rive closure?)
B: We are conducting the job right now and will be finished in three days.
3) A: How about the excavation of the vertical shaft?
B: 我们已经完成了。
(We are finished with it already.)
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工程款项的支付贯穿着工程的整个实施过程，付款程序（payment procedure）也比较
复杂。在开工之前，承包商可向业主申请工程预付款（advance payment），但须向业主提
交预付款保函。关于进度款和最终结算款（interim and final payment），合同中一般均有
比较细致的规定。按照土木工程施工合同的支付惯例，进度款按月支付，其程序如下：
首先，承包商在每个月末之后（即下月初）按业主一方指定的格式提交每月报表
（monthly statement），说明：完成的永久工程的价值（value of the permanent works）；
有关临时工程、施工设备、计日工等费用；运至工地但尚未使用的材料和永久工程设备的
发票价值（invoice value）的一个百分数；价格的调整额以及业主同意的索赔款等。当业主
代表或业主工程师受到报表后，如果他认为正确无误，在扣去保留金（retention money）
和其他应扣款后，则应在合同规定的时间内开具支付证书（payment certificate），送交业
主。受到支付证书后，业主应在规定的时间内进行审查并向承包商支付。
关于工程的最终付款，不同的合同规定不尽相同。但大体程序如下：当工程竣工，业
主一方向承包商颁发移交证书（taking-over certificate）后，业主应退还
一半保留金，同时承包商向业主提交竣工报表（statement at completion），说明他完成的
所有工作的价值以及业主应付给他到期的工程款余额（balance due），业主根据合同规定
予以支付。当维修期结束后，业主须在规定的时间内退还另一半保留金。
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UNIT 13 SITE VISIT A GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL
As power projects play a very important role in the development of the economy of a
country, government always set great store by them. Often, government officials make
visits to the job site to see how things are going there express their support and,
sometimes, concerns over the preject.
1. Going to the Job Site
(Mr. Bruce, Minister of Ministry of Natural Resources, has made an appointment with Mr.
Bian, project manager, to visit the site today. Mr. Bruce arrives at the site office where Mr.
Bian and Mr. Zhang are expecting him)
Bian: Welcome to our project, Mr. Bruce.
Bruce: Thank you.
Bian: This is my assistant, Mr. Bruce.
Bruce: Glad to meet you, Mr Zhang.
Zhang: Glad to meet you, too, Mr. Bruce. We’re honoured by your visit. Shall we go to the
site now?
Bruce: OK.
Bian: I’m afraid that the road to the site is not so good. Let’s take my Bronco; it’s a
four-wheel drive, very powerful. I hope you don’t mind.
Bruce: Of course not, if we’re going to the job site. How far is it from here.
Zhang: About two and a half miles.
Bruce: Let’s go.
(On the way to the site.)
Bruce: (On the way to the site.) I suppose they are building the transmission line for the
project.
Zhang: Actually this is a part of the whole project. We have sublet is to a local contractor.
Besides this transmission line, we have three other sections---the diversion
structure, the power house and the tunnel. Which section would you like to visit
first?
Bruce: The diversion structure, please. What’s the installed capacity of this project?
Bian: Three generating units will installed; 200 megawatts for each unit. The total
capacity will ve 600 megawatts.
Bruce: When wil you complete the whole facility?
Zhang: It should be completed by December next year according to the Contract.
Bian: I think we will be able to complete this project 2 months ahead of time everything
goes smoothly…
Bruce: I am glad to hear it. You see, this country is very rich in natural resources,
especially forestry and fruit. On the other hand, many people are out of work. We
want to develop local industry and solve the problem of unemployment, but we are
short of power. So, this project is very important to us. That’s why I support this
project personally.
Bian: Once this project is completed, you could build some fruit amd lumber processing
plants. These plants should help to remove the unemployment.
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Bruce: That’s what we have in mind.
Zhang: Here we are.
2. At the Job Site
(They are at the diversion structure now.Mr. Bian and Mr. Zhang are describing
the structure to Mr. Bruce. The workers are busy placing concrete for the dam.)
Bian: This is the dam sit. We are placing concrete for the part on the left bank and doing
th
excavation on the right. Look, the workers are now pouring the 5 lift of Block 8.
Bruce: What will be the height of the dam?
Zhang: 42 meters, about 130 feet.
Bruce: It’s a big job. I presume a large area will be submerged by the reservoir after the
dam is completed.
Bian: Yes, that’s ritht.
Bruce: Although I firmly support this project, gentlemen, I am quite concerned with the
balance of nature in this area. We have some rare species of fish in this river and
crocodile, too.
Bian: We have considered all this in our project design and have been taking measures
during the construction. We will build a fish pass in ths structure, for example. We
will do our best to minimize any adverse effects on the environment. To
demonstrate our goodwill to the local people, we have donated some money to the
Natural Zoo.
Bruce: I appreciate it. By the way, how much cement will be used for the whole project?
Bian: More than 15,000 tons; so we mix concrete on site instead of using ready-mix.
This
is more economical. Why not have a look at our batching plant? It’s just 150
meters ahead.
Bruce: Good idea.
(At the batching plant)
Bruce: What are those two big things?
Zhang: They are cement silos, where bulk cement is stored.
Bian: This is the central part of this plant, the mixing facility. It’s fully computer
programmed.
Bruce: (After seeing the site technician’s operation) Terrific! Where do the aggregate and
sand come from？
Zhang: We have our own crushing system. It’s next to this plant. See,…
Bruce: Everything is in good order.
Bian: Thank you.
Bruce: What’s that?
Zhang: It’s the intake, the place where the river water is diverted into the tunnel.
Bruce: How long is the whole tunnel?
Zhang: 4 miles, excluding the two adits.
Bruce: And its size?
Bian: 15 meters in diameter. That is…
Zhang: About 50 feet.
Bian: Shall we go over there and have a close look?
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Bruce: OK. Let’s go.
power project 电力项目

development of the economy 经济的发展
set great store by 重视
Ministry of Natural Resources 自然资源部
installed capacity 装机容量
generating unit 发电机组
megawatt 兆瓦
three months ahead of time 提前三个月
local industry 当地工业
unemployment 失业
processing plant 加工厂
submerge 淹没
reservoir 水库
the balance of nature 生态平衡
rare species of fish 珍贵的鱼类
crocodile 鳄鱼
fish pass 鱼道 adverse
effect 不利影响
demonstrate 表达，表明
goodwill 友好，良好意愿
donate 捐献
mix concrete 拌制混凝土
ready-mix 商用混凝土，预拌混凝土
cement silo 水泥罐，水泥仓
terrific 好极了
excluding 不包括，除外
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. We’re honoured by your visit. : 您的参观使我们感到荣幸。这是欢迎贵客来访时一种十

分正式的客套语。
2. Let’s take my Bronco. : 我们乘坐我的“野马”吧。take 这里的意思是“乘坐”，如：
take a taxi（坐出租），take a bus（乘公共汽车）。句中的 Bronco 是一种吉普车
（jeep）的牌子，意为“野马”。
3. It’s a four-wheel driver, very powerful. : 这是四轮驱动的，马力很大。这是一个省略句，
完整的句子为：It’s a four-wheel driver jeep and very powerful，口语中常用这样的省略
句，如: It is an automatic，（它是一辆自动车）。
4. When will you complete the whole facility? : 你们什么时候能完成全部工程？句子中的
the whole facility 等于 the whole works。
5. You see, this country is very rich in natural resource, : 你知道，这个国家自然资源十分
丰富。Be rich in:在…方面丰富，例如：This region is rich in coal, so we need a lot of
coal cuttles（这个地区盛产煤，因而我们需要很多采煤机）。
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6. On the other hand, many people are out of work. : 另一方面，许多人没有工作。句中的
out of work 意思是“无工作”，“失业”。out of 后面接名次常表示“没有”或“失
去”，如：out of water（没有水），out of stock（没有存货），out of paper（纸张用
完），out of practice（缺乏锻炼），out of fuel（燃料用尽）。
7. We are short of power: 我们缺少电力。be short of 意思是“缺乏”，例如：
They are short of competent personnel.（他们缺少有能力的人才）。
That company is short of experience. That’s why it has failed to win the contract.（那个
公司缺乏经验，所以没有中标。）
8. These plants should help to remove the unemployment. :这些工厂对消除失业应能有所
帮助。remove 此处的意思是“消除”，等于 get rid of。
9. That’s what I have in mind, : 我也这么想。have something in mind 此处的意思是“想到
某事”。这句话同样可以说 That’s what I am thinking of。
10. It’s fully computer programmed. : 它全部是计算机程序控制。programme 这里用作动词，
意思是“编制程序”。
11. It’s next to this plant. : 它紧挨着拌和楼。这里的 next to 意思是“与…相邻”。
12.15 meters in diameter. : 直径为十五米。请注意这种表达法。
EXERCISES
1. When Mr. Bruce wants to know the distance from the office to the job sit, he asks,
“How far is it from here? （离这儿有多远？）”
“How far is it (from…to…)”is a colloquial expression, meaning“（从…到…）有多
远”。
1) A: 中国离我们国家有多远?
(How far is it from our country to China?)
B: I am not sure, but it takes twelve hours’ flight.
2) A: 仓库离拌和楼有多远?
(How far is it from the warehouse to the batching plant?)
B: About half a mile.
3) A: 工地离卸货港有多远?
(How far is it from the project site to the unloading port?)
B: It takes two hour’s ride.
2. Talking about the importance of the project, Mr. Bruce says, “So, this project is very
importance to us. That’s why I support this project personally.（因此，这个项目对我们
来说十分重视。这就是我本人支持这个项目的原因。）”
“personally”is a term usually used to indicate one’s own opinion, meaning “在我个
人看来”。
1) A: What do you think of this plan?
B: 我本人认为这个方案不可行。
(Personally, I don’t think it is feasible.)
2) A: What do you think of the project?
B: 我个人赞成这个项目，因为它能给当地人民带来好处。
(Personally, I am in favour of it because it will bring benefit to the local people.)
3) A: The team will be able to finish it within two day, I presume?
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B: 不过，我个人感到这很困难。
(Well, personally, I feel that this will be difficult.)
工程项目的建设，尤其是大型的工程项目的建设直接影响（have a direct effect）到一个

国家的经济发展。因此，在工程的实施过程中，政府高级官员常常到现场参观工程。特别是
当该项目带有政治色彩（for political reasons）时或在大选（general election）之前，情况
尤其如此。
接待这样的来访者，一定要热情和周到（warm and thoughtful）。首先可以先向客人介
绍工程的概况，然后先去何处观看，要征求客人的意见。接待过程中，承包商的项目经理
要让客人感到该项目能够按期保质的完成，使之对项目有一个好印象（ a good
impression），同时将工程实施中在对外事务（external relations）方面遇到的问题提出，
希望能通过他的影响
（influence）改善项目实施的外部环境。如果参观完成时正好赶上吃饭时间，也可以邀请
客人吃一顿便饭（a light meal）。
接待过程中，在使用语言上也应注意，应做到正式得体（formal and appropriate）。
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UNIT 14 ENTERTAINING ON CHINESE NEW YEAR’S EVE
It is the Chinese New Year’s eve and a two-day holiday is given to all the workers involved
in the Project. The Chinese workers are busy having their cut or putting up the Spring
Festival Couplets on the doors of their dorms to welcome the New Year’s coming. The
Project Manager, Mr. Bian, however, is not as light-hearted as the workers; he is taking
this opportunity to invite the Owner’s site manager to dinner to express his thanks for their
cooperation and to enhance the working relationship.
1. At the Dinner Table
(Mr. Suknandan and his consultant, Mr. Shaw are just on time for dinner. Mr. Bian and
Mr. Zhang are hosting them.)
Zhang: Please be seated.
Bian: Today, we will treat you to a typically Chinese
dinner. Suk: Thank you for your hospitality.
Shaw: We’ve brought a bottle of Black Label for you, for all of us, to be exact.
Zhang: Thank you. Look, we also have some Chinese white wine for this dinner.
Suk: Great! I like Chinese white wine.
(Some of the dishs are served.)
Shaw: Everything looks so nice. Could you tell us about these dishes, please?
Bian: This here is crispy chichen, and this fried crab meat. That’s braised eggplant…
Look at this: It’s Jiaozi, or water dumpling, a typically Chinese food for the Chinese
New Year’s eve dinner in the northern part of China. Help yourselves, please.
Shaw: (After trying some) Very tasty! It looks like dumoling, but with a different flavor. …
Zhang: Here comes the fish!
Suk: What a big fish! (after trying some) This fish is really delicious.
Zhang: Do have some more, then. We always have fish for New Year’s eve dinner,
especially in the southern part of China.
Suk: Why is that?
Zhang: We all like fish. Besides, the word for “fish” in the Chinese language has the same
sound as the word for abundance. So “fish” is a sign of abundance.
Bian: We have a saying in China “fish every year”---which sounds the same as
“abundance every year”.
Shaw: How clever!
Suk: Now, let me propose a toast to the abundance for all the Chinese friends here in
the coming Chinese New year!
Bian: To the friend co-operation between us and the success of the project!
Everyone: Cheers!
2. After-dinner Talk
(After the dinner is over. Everyone seems to be in high spirits and talks a lot.)
Suk: When we came here, I saw some Chinese putting up something on the doors of
their dorms. Is it something special for your festival?
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Zhang: They were putting up what we call Spring Festival Couplets. Usually when Spring
Festival comes near, we put up Spring Festival Couplets on the doors or furniture
to wish ourselves a bright and happy New Year.
Bian: More often, people place upside down the Chinese character“福”,which means
“luck”.
Shaw: That’s interesting, but why do you put it upside down?
Bian: In Chinese, “upside down”has the same sound as the word “arrive”. When we
place the word “fu” upside down, it signifies that our luck is arriving.
Shaw: The Chinese language is really magic.
Suk: What do you usually do during the Chinese New Year back in China?
Zhang: Generally, there’s a lot of feasting and visiting relatives and friends.
There are various kinds of amusements and performances.
Suk: I suppose there are a lot of fireworks.
Zhang: In the past, yes. Now it is forbidden in many big cities as a precaution to avoid fire
accidents. But we have a lot of other amusements and performances: dragon and
lion dances, colourful floats, acrobatics and walking on stilts.
Suk: I wish I could spend the Spring Festival in China.
Shaw: On New Year’s day here in our country, we say “Happy New Year” as a
greeting, just as we say “Merry Christmas”during Christmas season. What do the
Chinese say as greeting for the Spring Festival?
Bian: There are different greetings. The most common ones are “Happy Spring Festival”
and “May you become rich and prosperous.”
Suk: Well, since we can’t speak Chinese, let me say in English “May you have a happy
Spring Festival”.
Shaw: And a successful execution of the project.
Bian: Thank you. We sincerely hope to enjoy your continuing co-operation and support
in the coming Chinese New Year!

New Year’s eve 除夕，大年三十
put up 张贴
Spring Festival 春节
couplet 对联
dorm 宿舍
light-hearted 轻松的
invite sb. to dinner 邀请…赴宴
host 主人，做东
working relationship 工作关系
hospitality 好意，盛情
serve the dish 上菜
crispy chichen 香酥鸡
fried crab meat 炒蟹黄
braised eggplant 烧茄子
flavour 风味
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delicious 美味的
a sign of abundance 富裕的象征
upside down 倒置
signify 预示
magic 魔术般的，奇妙的
feasting 宴请
relative 亲戚
fireworks 焰火
forbid 禁止
dragon and lion dance 舞龙和耍狮子
colourful floats 彩车
acrobatics 杂技
walking on stilts 踩高跷
greeting 问候，打招呼
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. Please be seated. : 请就位。这是一种比较正式的说法，较随便的说法是 Please sit

down。
2. Today, we’ll treat you to a typically Chinese Dinner. : 今天，我们请你们吃一顿传统的
中餐。treat sb. to dinner 意思是“宴请某人吃饭”。
3. Black Label: 一种酒的牌名。
4. white wine: 白葡萄酒。注意，英语中，wine 指“葡萄酒”，如“红葡萄酒”英语为 red
wine。中国的“白酒”英语常译为 liquor。
5. It’s Jiaozi, or water dumpling. : 这是饺子。由于“饺子”是中国特有的，若直接译为
dumpling 或 water dumpling，对方可能不太理解，所以先音译，再解释一下，也许更易
于西方人接受。
6. After trying some: 尝些之后。此处 try 意思是“品尝”。
7. Beside, the word “fish” in the Chinese Language has the same sound as the word for
abudance. : 还因为在汉语中“fish”这个字与“abundance”的发音相同。
8. We have a saying in China “Fish every year” which sounds the same as “abundance
every year.”: 在中国，我们有句俗话叫 “ 年年有鱼 ” ，与 “ 年年有余 ” 发音相同。
saying 意思是“俗语”，“格言”。
9. Cheers: 干杯。这是西方人敬酒时常说的一个词。
10. to wish ourselves a bright and happy New Year: 祝我们自己有一个吉祥愉快的新年。请
注意 wish 用于祝贺语时的结构：wish sb. +名次（词组），例如：
Wish you a pleasant journey.（祝你旅途愉快。）
Wish you a merry Charismas!（祝你圣诞快乐！）
11. More often, people place the Chinese character “福” which means “good luck” upside
down. : 人们更常常把汉语中表示“好运”的“福”字倒贴。
12. Merry Christmas: 圣诞快乐。英语中祝贺圣诞是用 merry 一词，而祝贺新年等时常用
Happy 一词。如：Happy New Year（圣诞快乐）。Happy Spring Festival（春节快乐）。
EXERCISES
1. In the course of the dinner, when Mr. Sukhnandan wants to give his good wishes to the
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Chinese friends, he says, “Now, let me propose a toast to the abundance for all the
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Chinese friends here in the coming Chinese New Year.” （现在，我建议为这儿的所有
的中国朋友在即将来临的中国新年里的富足举杯。）
“propose a toast to ”is a colloquial expression often used in a dinner to
wish somebody success, good health, etc., meaning “为了…而举杯祝酒”。
1) A: 现在，我提议为我们合作成功而举杯。
(Now, let me propose a toast to the success of our cooperation.)
2) A: 现在，我提议为我们尊贵的客人的光临举杯。
(Now, let me propose a toast to the presence of our honoured guests.)
3) A: 现在，我提议为工程的顺利进展举杯。
(Now, let me propose a toast to the smooth progress of the project.)
2. When Mr. Sukhnandan learns that there are so many performances during the Chinese
Spring Festival, he says, “I wish I couil spend the Spring Festival in China.”（我真希望
我能在中国过春节。）
“I wish …”is often used to indicate the speaker’s wish that something would be the
case, even though that he know that he knows that it is impossible or unlikely, meaning
“我真希望…”or“要是我能…该多好呀”。
1) A: I am going to spend my holiday next week.
B: 要是我能跟你一样度假就好了。
(I wish I could say the same.)
2) A: The Three Gorges really looks grandiose.
B: 我真希望很快我能去那里。
(I wish I could go there soon.)
3) A: 我真希望工程能按原计划完工。但今年洪水来得这么早，大大出乎我们的预料。
(I wish we could complete the project according to the original schedule. But to our great surprise, the
flood came too soon this year.)
B: I believe you will be able to overcome the present difficulty and make this project a success.
我国的建筑公司在国外承包工程时，即使在工期较紧（a pressing schedule）的情况下，

若遇到春节也会放假两天左右，让项目的中方人员欢度一下自己的节日，使其在体力和精
神上（physically and mentally）得到暂时的休整。但我们的项目经理还常常利用这一机会
来宴请业主方面的管理人员，感谢其合作以便进一步增进合作关系。
一般来说，大多数外国人也比较喜欢中餐（Chinese food），因此，我们常用中餐宴请
客人。由于文化的差异，宴请时需要注意，如：中国人为了表示对客人的尊敬，习惯于往
客人碟子里夹菜，西方人对此却不习惯。若这样做了，在座的翻译或懂外语的人员可以向
客人解释这样做是中国人热情友好的表示，以取得对方的理解。
节日（festivals）是每一个民族文化（national culture）的重要组成部分。在饭后的交谈
中，谈一谈我们国家的传统节日文化是客人最感兴趣的话题（the most interesting topic）。
89
UNIT 15 CONSTRUCTION CLAIM
In international construction contracting, the contractor often makes claims against the
owner for a variety of reasons, among which are different understanding of the contract
documents, delay by the owner in issuing drawings and instructions, differing site
conditions and events of force majeure.
1. Claim regarding the Acces Road
(After the Owner receives a claim regarding the access road from the Contractor, the
Owner’s representative, Mr. Suknandan, together with his consultant, Mr. Shaw, calls a
meeting. The Contractor’s project manager, Mr. Bian, and his assistant, Mr. Zhang, attend
the meeting.)
Bian: Have you read the letter which we sent to you yesterday?
Suk: Yes, we’re here today just to give our position on the subject noted in your letter.
Bian: We’d like to have your views.
Suk: We believe that the access road provided to you is in compliance with the
Contract and there’s no reason for you to claim additional costs and an extension
of time in this respect.
Bian: May I refer you to Clause 14 in the Conditions of Contract? It specifies, expressly,
that the access road shall be made available free of charge to the Contractor and
its subcontractors.
Suk: Yes, that’s right. But constraction of the access road to the project site was
completed and you took it over on March 15, 1992. This means that it has been
available to you ever since.
Zhang: Before we took over the road, we informed you that some sections of the road
were not up to the standard specified in the Contract. We asked you to do some
enhancement work and yet we haven’t seen any response. As a result, we have
had to expend a lot of effort to aid the transit of bult cement and heavy-duty
equipment through the trouble spots along the access road. Therefore, we don’t
think that the access road is made “available” free of charge to us, as the aid of
transit cost us not only additional money but also many working hours. This
position was made clear to you in our Letter No. C-9214.
Shaw: In our understanding, the intent of the Contract by using the term “available”, is
that the Owner provides general site access for the Contractor. As a matter of fact,
you’ve been using this road for several months.
Bian: When we talk of the term “availabel” under this contract, and so far as such a
hydro project is concerned, it should be interpreted that the road is passable for
the purpose of executing this project under normal conditions, including transport
of all materials and heavy-duty equipment. That’s recognized internationally. The
fact is that the vehicles which carry cement and equipment are always impeded at
some spots along the road, as Mr. Zhang said just now.
Suk: We are aware of the effort and time you have expended. However, the effort and
time incurred are not unusual for a project of this size, nature and location.
Anyway, we are prepared to grant you an extension of 7 days as a package
compensation
90
but reject your cost request. This is the best solution we can offer.
Bian: Although a 7 days’ compensation is less than our acture losses, we accept your
solution and withdraw our cost claim on condition that the road must be
maintained regularly and the two difficult sections be repaired at once.
Suk: That’s at Hill No. 4 and Hill No. 5, I suppose?
Zhang: That’s right.
Bian: (After discussing with Mr. Shaw) All right. We improve the condition of the whole
road and lower the relevant elevations as per your request as soon as possible.
2. Claim in respect of Floods
(After letters and several lengthy discussions related to the claim for floods which occurred
recently, no agreement has been reached between the site management of the Owner and
that of the Contractor. As arranged, the Owner and the Contractor send their respective
vicepresidents, Mr. Flagg and Mr. Guan, to the project to engage in a direct negotiation, to
try to resolve the issue.)
Flagg: It’s been almost a year since I saw you last in Beijing, Mr. Guan. How have you
been?
Guan: Pretty busy. Our company has won many contracts all over the world in the past
yeat and I have flying around to see how the projects are progressing. What about
you, Mr. Flagg?
Flagg: Busy, just like you. Yet I have been thinking of going to Beijing again. (Half
jokingly) I miss Beijing Roast Duck. OK, coming to our subject today, I hope we
can work together to find a solution that is acceptable to both sides.
Guan: To be frank with you, we are quite upset by your response. We’ve really suffered a
th th
lot because of the two floods experienced on June 12 and 24 ---as you can see
from our contemporary records and claim calculations. I am afraid that it our claim
can’t ve honoured, it will probably jeopardize the smooth progress of this project.
Flagg: I had studied all the correspondence regarding your request for cost
reimbursement and schedule extension before I came here. It is a fact that you
suffered a loss because of the high water levels; it is also a fact that the loss is
partly due to your inappropriate site activities. I regret what happened. However,
you’re asking too much.
Guan: I do think that our request for the cost and time reimbursement is a reasonable one.
Anyway, what is your suggestion?
Flagg: Let me talk straight. We allow you two-month schedule extension and a total sum
of US$100,000 as compensation for all of your losses. This proposal represents
our final offer. I believe it is fair and equitable.
Guan: Thank you for your proposal, Mr. Flagg. A two-month schedule extension is
acceptable to us; but the cost compensation is far less than the amount claimed,
which is based strictly on our actual loss.
Flagg: Mr. Guan, I have to say we have done our best. To settle this claim, both
sides have to make concessions.
Guan: I admit that you have moved a step forward but too small. We have been hoping to
have a good working relationship with you. We have been hoping to deliver a
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successful project to you. We also hope to be rewarded fairly and reasonably. We
could, if necessary, pursue this claim by way of arbitration.
Flagg: Well, let me suggest at this point that we increase the compersation to
US$150,000. This proposal really does represent our final offer. If the offer is not
acceptable to you, we have no choice but to refer the matter to arbitration.
Guan: In the spirit of mutual understanding and our future cooperation. We’ll take it,
though this amount is far from enough to cover our losses.
Flagg: I support your call for mutual understanding and cooperation. I’ll draft today’s
agreement as an addendum to the Contract and forward it to you for your review
and signature.
Guan: Thank you. Your personal presence enabled us to settle this matter. Your
cooperation is highly appreciated.
Flagg: With 14 more months available, I believe you have the competence to complete
the whole project successfully.
Guan: I also have full confidence that we’ll succeed, with your cooperation and assistance.
At that time, I’ll invite you to go to Beijing again.
Flagg: For what?
Guan: Beijing Roast Duck!

international construction contracting 国际建筑工程承包
make claim against 向…进行索赔
a variety of 各种各样，许多
differing site condintions 变化的现场条件，不同的现场条件
events of force majeure 不可抗力事件
call a meeting 召开一个会议
position 立场
in compliance with 依照
in this respect 在这方面
expressly 明确地
ever since 从那以后
be not up to the standard 没有达到标准
aid the transit 协助运送
in our understanding 按我们的理解
passable 可通行的
under normal conditions 在正常的条件下
impede 阻碍
cover all our losses 弥补我们的全部损失
on condition that 条件是，以…为条件
maintain regularly 定期维护
lengthy discussion 漫长的商谈
vice-president 副总裁，副总经理
engage in a direct negotiation 进行直接的谈判
resolve the issue 解决问题
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Beijing Roast Duck 北京烤鸭
go through many difficulties 经历许多困难
be upset 感到失望
contemporary records 同期纪录
claim calculations 索赔计算书
honour the claim 理赔
jeopardize 危害，危及
correspondence 来往函件
cost reimbursement 费用补偿
fair and equitable 公平合理的
the amount claimed 索赔的金额
actual loss 实际损失
by way of arbitration 以仲裁方式
in the spirit of 本着…精神
addendum to the Contract 合同补遗
have full confidence 完全有信心
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. the subject noted in your letter: 你方信中所提出的问题。Subject 在合同管理中往往指

“主体”或“涉及的主要内容”。
2. trouble spots: 这里指“容易出事的地点”。
3. That’s recognized internationally. : 这为国际上所公认。Recognized 治理意思是“认
可” 或“达成共识”的。
4. Anyway, we’re prepared to grant you an exrension of 7 days…: 尽管如此，我们愿意给
予你们七天的延期…。为一固定词组，意思是“愿意做某事”或“准备好做某事”。
5. a package compensation: 一揽子补偿。
6. let’s talk straight. : 咱们有话直说吧。这句话在谈判中常表示说话人想“诚恳地及快速地
解决所谈的问题”。
7. …but the compensation is far less than the amount claimed…: 但这笔补偿远远低于我
们的索赔的金额…far less than: 远远少于，far 在这里是副词，表示比较，如：far better
（好得多），far too busy（忙得很），far different（大相径庭）。
8. move a step forward: 向前迈进了一步。这里指对方做出了一定的让步。
9. pursue the claim: 进行索赔，继续索赔。Pursue 这里是“进行”，“实施”的意思。
10. If the offer is not acceptable to you, we have no choice but to refer the matter to
arbitration. : 如果这个建议您不接受的话，我们只好将此问题提交仲裁。句中的 refer
the matter to arbitration 意思是“讲问题提交仲裁”，have no choice but to do sth.意思
是“除做某事之外别无选择”。
11. …thought this amount is far from enough to cover our losses. : 虽然这笔金额远不能弥
补我们的损失。far from 后面接形容词，常表示“某事与期望或本应该出现的情况相
反”。例如：Far from speeding up, the contractor reduced the progress.
（承包商不但没有加速，反而降低了进度。）
The quality of the works is far from satisfactory.
（工程的质量远不能令人满意。）
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EXERCISES
1. In the argument of whether the access road has been made available or not, Mr. Zhang
says, “Therefore, we don’t think that the access road is available.”（因而，进厂道路不
能被使用。）“We don’t think (that) …”is a colloquial expression, meaning “我们认
为… 不（没有）…”。
1) A: We have made a 10% deduction from the total amount as the repayment of the
advance money this month.
B: 我们认为你们无权这样做。
(We don’t think that you have the right to do so.)
2) A: I have to say that you must accelerate the construction progress.
B: 如果考虑到你们按合同应给予我们的合理延期，我们认为我们的进度没有落后于计划。
(We don’t think that our progress is behind schedule, talking into account a reasonable
extension of time you should grant us according to the contract.)
3) A: We plan to pour the concrete this afternoon.
B: 我们认为在这样高的温度下不能浇筑。
(We don’t think that you can do that when the temperature is so high.)
2. Also in the argument, Mr. Shaw says, “…As a matter of fact, you’ve been using this
access road for several months.”（事实上，你们已经使用这条进场道路几个月了。）
“ As a matter of fact”is a set phrase usually used to introduce some information,
especially more precise information, meaning“事实上”，“确切地说”。
1) A: I don’t remember whether I have issued such an oral instruction.
B: 如果我没记错的话，你是在上周签发的这一指令。确切地说，是在七月二十一号。这是我们
的现场日志。
(You issued this instruction last week, if I remember correctly. As a matter of fact, it was issued on July
21st, here is our site diary.)
2) A: You should have started the work five days ago.
B: 没有施工图纸我们无法开始工作，事实上，我们昨天才从你方的工程师那里得到有关图纸。
(We couldn’t start without working drawings. As a matter of fact, we just got the relevant drawings from
your engineer yesterday.)
3) A: Do you mind if we make a site visit tomorrow?
B: 我不介意，事实上，我对这个安排很满意。
(Not at all. As a matter of fact, I am quite satisfied with this arrangement.)
施工索赔（construction claim）是国际工程承包中经常发生的一种正常现象。由于文化
上的不同（cultural difference），各国的承包商对索赔的理解和处理存在一定的差异。但是，
成功的国际承包商往往都非常重视工程实施过程中的索赔。
合同是工程索赔的依据，它明确或暗示地（expressly and impliedly）规定了承包商在何
种情况下进行索赔的权利以及索赔的程序。因此，认真研究和掌握合同文件的规定，认真地
管理工程实施中的一切来往函件和现场资料是索赔成功的基础。
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索赔谈判是索赔成功的一个关键且十分艰难（critical and difficult）的过程，这要求参加
谈判的人员具有较高的素质。这类人员不仅懂技术、了解施工过程以及熟悉合同，而且还善
于谈判，要有一定的耐力（stamina），既能坚持原则，又能作出灵活的让步。对主谈人来
说尤其如此。如果谈判人员能用外语直接来谈，这将有利于双方的沟通
（communicaton），大大地提高谈判的效率。
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UNIT 16 FORMING A JOINT VERTURE
In the international contracting marker, it is not unusual for two or more companies to form
a joint venture to bid for a major project, as this will enable them to be more competitive
and, therefore, have a high chance of winning the contract and later executing it
successfully.
1. A Proposal for a Joint Venture
(After he has made a visit to the project site, Mr. Daly, President of a local construction
company, discusses with Mr. Bian the possibility of forming a joint verture to bid for
another project.)
Daly: I am greatly impressed by this project. Everything is so well organized.
Bian: Thank you for your kind works.
Daly: How soon will the whole project be completed, Mr. Bian? It seems to me that it’s
coming to the final stage.
Bian: The substantial completion will take six more months at most. Do you have
anything particular in mind?
Daly: I was wondering whether it would be possible for us to form a joint verture to bid
for…
Bian: For the Morpan Power Project?
Daly: You took the words out of my mouth, Mr. Bian! How did you know?
Bian: We’re an international contractor, you know. We always keep our eyes open for
new business opportunities.
Daly: This project is financed by the Inter-American Development Bank. If international
bidders form joint vertures with domestic companies, they will be eligible for a 7.5%
margin of preference in the comparison of their bids with those of other bidders.
Bian: You’ve got a good point there. I like the idea, but can I have a detailed
documentary introduction to your company? I have to report to our head office for
approval.
Daly: Of course. I’ll have it sent to you tomorrow. We should get to know each other
better if we want to be working partners. I know form E. N. R that you’re one of the
top 225 contractors in the world with a good reputation. We’re not one of those,
but I think we’re one of the best as well.
Bian: OK. Mr. Daly. As soon as this plan is approved by our head office, I’ll let you know
and we can have further discussions about our possible cooperation.
Daly: Thank you. I’m looking forward to your positive response.
2. Negotiation on a Joint Venture Agreement
(After getting confirmation from the head office, Mr. Bian invites Mr. Daly again for a
specific discussion on a joint venture agreement.)
Bian: Now, Mr. Daly, we were talking last time about your idea on forming a joint
venture for the Morpan Project. Our head office agrees to your proposal and I am
authorized to discuss it.
Daly: That’s very good news, Mr. Bian. Do you have something specific in mind?
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Bian: First, we have to make clear our purpose in this cooperation. That is, both sides
agree to jointly prepare and submit a bid for the Morpan Project.
Daly: How much fund would you be prepared to provide for this purpose?
Bian: Are there any regulations regarding the foreign party’s share in a joint venture in
this country.
Daly: No, not really, but as a general practice, the leading dompany shall be the one
which provides the most fund.
Bian: We’d like to act as the leader of the joint venture and lay out more than half of all
the required fund for it, say, 55%.
Daly: That includes cash, construction equipment and other temporary facilities, if I
understand correctly, Mr. Bian?
Bian: Of course.
Daly: I suppose you will provide the equipment and facilities used on your Macal Project.
How do we arrive at the true value of them?
Bian: That’s a very good question. We could ascertain such values through joint
assessment. In order to have an impartial assessment, we might also invite a third
party to attend, if necessary.
Daly: That’s good. So, we will provide 45% of the fund. I think I should be frank with you.
We can provide the fund in local currency only, as we don’t have foreign
currencies.
Bian: Accordingly, you will share the profit, if any, in local currency only, too. The
exchange rate for xurrency conversion will be the same as stated in the Owner’s
bidding documents.
Daly: I agree. All the profits, losses and liabilities arising our of the Contract shall be
shared out between us in the same proportion as our respective fund
contributions.
Bian: That’s the basis of our agreement.
Daly: How about the management of the joint venture?
Bian: I am thinking of establishing the Joint Venture Executive Committee as the highest
authority to decide on the general policy and to deal with such important matters
as the appointment of the general site manager and approval of the financial
statements.
Daly: What about the appointment of the Chairman of the Committee？
Bian: It’s sensible to say that the Chairman shall be appointed by the leading company.
Daly: What are the general responsibilities of each party during the execution of the
project if we win the contract?
Bian: I haven’t thought of that. Considering you are a local company with good
connections, I would suggest that you are responsible for recruiting and
administering the local labour and dealing with the relevant departments in
xeternal affairs.
Daly: Not only that, if we are in charge of purchasing the materials and equipment, I am
sure we will do a good job, too. We know the market well.
Bian: Why not leave this to our next talk, Mr. Daly?
Daly: All right. I do say that we’ve had an extremely fruitful discussion today.
Bian: Yes, we know each other’s position and have agreed on a number of points. Could
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we meet again, Mr. Daly, to discuss other aspects for our joint venture agreement
97
next week? I’d like to have a visit to your company, if possible.
Daly: That’s what I am thinking. Let’s have our next discussion in my company so that
you could gain a better understanding of it at the same time. I will call you to
confirm the date for our discussion.
Bian: A good idea. Thank you.
contracting market 承包市场

form a joint venture 组成联营体
major project 大型项目
competitive 有竞争力的
have a high chance 有很大的机会
come to the final stage 到了最后阶段
the Inter-American Development Bank 泛美开发银行
domestic companies 国内公司
be eligible for 有资格享有
a detailed documentary introduction 详细的经营情况的介绍
head office 总部
the top 225 contractors 前二百二十五家大承包商
positive response 积极的反应
joint venture agreement 联营体协议
authorize 授权
foreign party 外方
share in a joint venture 在联营体中所占的份额
general practice 一般做法
the leading company 牵头公司，负责公司
lay out 出资
arrive at the true value 计算实际价值
ascertain 确定
impartial assessment 公正的估价
foreign currency 外币
share the profit 分享
exchange rate 汇率，兑换率
currency conversion 货币兑换
bidding documents 招标文件
liabilities 负债
share out 分担，均摊
fund contributions 资金份额
Joint Venture Executive Committee 联营体执行委员会
the highest authority 最高权力机构
general site manager 现场总经理
financial statement 财务报表
Chairman of the Committee 委员会主席
good connections 良好的对外关系，门路多
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external affairs 对外事务
an extremely fruitful discussion 及富有成果的商谈
agree on 就…达成一致意见
gain a better understanding 获得更好的了解
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. I an greatly impressed by this project. : 这个项目真是给我留下了很深的印象。这句话口

语中也可说 This project is so impressive。impress 构成的另一句型 What impressed
me most is that…（使我印象最深的是…）也在口语中很常用。
2. How soon will this project be completed, Mr. Bian? : 这个项目完成还需要多久？
how soon 通常表示的是“某事多快能够怎么样”或“做某事还需要多长时间 ”，
how long 则表示“做某事共需多少时间”，请注意两者的区别。
例如：How soon will you finish construction this highway?
（你们完成修建这条公路还要多久？）
How long did it take you to construct this highway?
（修建这条公路你们需要多长时间？）
3. Do you have anything particular in mind? : 您是否有点什么个人想法？注意这一句与下
面的 Do you have something specific in mind? 在语气上的细微差别。
4. You took the words out of my mouth. : 你说出了我正要说的话（或：你说得真
准。）take the words out one’s mouth 是一个固定词组，意思是“抢先说出了某人的
话”。
5. We always keep our eyes open for new business opportunities. : 我们始终注视着新的
业务机会。keep one’s eye’s open for 意思是“注意…”，“小心…”。
6. This project is financed by the Inter-American Development Bank. : 这个项目由泛美开
发银行提供贷款。be financed by 意思是“由…资助”或“由…贷款”，如：project
financed by the World Bank（世界银行贷款项目）。
7. a 7.5% margin of preference: 百分之七点五的优惠。preference 在这里是“优先权”的
意思。
8. E.N.R: 《工程新闻纪录》。这是美国的一份杂志，它每年按合同额（1994 年后改为营
业额）评出世界上最大的二百余家承包商和二百家工程咨询公司。 E.N.R 是
Engineering News Record 的缩写形式。
9. equipment and facilities used on your Macal Project: 从你方的玛卡尔项目下场的设备
和设施。
10. It’s sensible to say…: 我看这样是合理的。Sensible 这里是“合理的”，“可行的”，
相当于 reasonable 或 practical。
EXERCISES
1. When Mr. Bian asks Mr. Daly if he has anything particular in mind, he replies, “I was
wondering whether it would be possible for us to form a joint venture to bid for the
Morpan Power Project.” （我刚才在想我们是否有可能组成一个联营体共同为莫潘电力
项目投标。）“I wonder whether (if)…” is a very colloquial expression when you want to
make a polite request, meanin“我想知道…是否…”。
1) A: 我想知道你们是否能在下个月上旬装船。
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(I wonder if you could effect the shipment early next month.)
10
0
B: No problem.
2) A: 我想知道我们是否能将会议推迟到周五。
(I wonder whether we could postpone the meeting to Friday.)
B: I am afraid we couldn’t. I’ll have something important to do on Friday.
3) A: 我想知道在主发电机发生故障时，应急发电机是否能自动启动。
(I wonder whether the emergency generator could start automatically in case the main
generator breaks down.)
B: Yes, within 30 seconds after the trouble occurs.
2. When Mr. Daly tells Mr. Bian that international contractors will be eligible for 7.5%
margin of preference in the comparison of the bids if they form joint ventures with
domestic contractors,. Mr. Bian says, “You’ve got a very good point there.”（你说的话
很有道理。）
This sentence “You’ve got a very good point.”is often used when you accept that what
someone has said is important or should be considered.
1) A: We’d better stop working and wait for the instruction.
B: 你说的很对，这样干下去只能导致更大损失。
(You’ve got a good point. It would only incur greater losses if we went on like this.)
2) A: If the construction method is changed a little bit, the work can be finished sooner at the
same cost.
B: 你的话很有道理。你能为我们做这项工作么？
(You’ve got a good point there.Could you do it for us?)
3) A: To guarantee a fair valuation the equipment, we can ask a third party to do it for us.
B: 你说的很对。但第三方的选择要经我们双方认可。
(You’ve got a good point. But the third party selected shall be acceptable to both sides.)
在国际工程承包中，一些工程公司往往与其它公司组成联营体去进行联合投标和承包工
程。这一方面是因为某些招标的项目规模大或技术复杂（large scale or technical
complexity），加之市场竞争日趋激烈（keen competition），这些公司希望通过联合来
发挥各自的特长
（specialties），以提高竞争力。另一方面是工程实施所在国政府（government of host
country）以及国际金融机构（International Financial Institution）为鼓励当地承包商参加投标
和承建工程，发展当地经济，对于其贷款的项目，常给予当地承包商以及当地承包商与国外
公司组成的联营体许多优惠（preferences）。
承包联合体由两个或多个公司组成，并有成员选出牵头公司（ leading company or
sponsor）。牵头公司一般由联合体中承担股份额（share）最大的公司担任，但有时也有成
员中最有管理经验的成员或与业主有密切关系的成员担任。
联合体的最高权力机构是联合体执行委员会（Joint Venture Executive Committee）或联
合体管理委员会（Joint Venture Management Committee），由联营体成员各派一位代表组
成。委员会主席一般由牵头公司任命，代表联营体与业主联系，讨论决定项目的重大问题
（major issues）。
为了参加资格预审或投标，联营体须编制联营体协议书（Joint Venture Agreement），
作为资格预审或投标文件的一部分提交给业主，供其审查。此类协议书一般包括：联营体
名称，成员及牵头放；联营的方式；各成员承担的施工任务与责任等。在中标后，联营体
内部依据
10
1
此协议书再签订一个联营体合同，详细规定每个成员的权利，义务与责任
（rights,obligations and responsiblities）。
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UNIT 17 TAKING OVER THE WORKS
Taking over the Works is an important step in the execution of the project to both the
Contractor and the Owner. As often stipulated in the Contract, once the Works reach
substantial completion, the Contractor can proceed to prepare for the transferring of the
Works by giving a notice to the Owner, and the taking-over procedure starts.
1. The Works are ready to be taken over
(At the Owner’s site office, Mr. Sukhnandan’s secretary, Miss Jenners, is reading a
letter from the contractor to Mr. Sukhnandan and Mr. Shaw.)
Jenners: (Reading)…We are pleased to inform you that the whole Works have, in our
opinion, reached substantial completion under the Contract. No doubt you will
wish to visit the site to satisfy yourself this is so and to arrange the relevant tests.
We look forward to receiving a Taking-over Certificate naming the date upon
which substantial completion is achieved. …
Sukh: That’s very good news. Why don’t we aks Mr. Bian to come to our office for a
detailed talk about a plan for the acceptance inspection and tests?
Shaw: Yes, we need a careful plan for this job.
Sukh: Put me through to Mr. Bian, please, Miss Jenners; I want to have a meeting with
him this afternoon.
Jenners: Certainly, Mr. Sukhnandan. (After making the call) Mr. Bian is not in his office at
the moment. He is at the power house. I have left a message asking him to call
you back as soon as he returns to his office.
Sukh: Fine, thank you.
(Mr. Bian, together with Mr. Zhang, is now at a meeting in Mr. Sukhnandan’s office in
the afternoon.)
Sukh: I am pleased to learn that the Works are ready for acceptance, Mr. Bian.
Bian: We have finished the installation of the third generating unit, which is the last one.
We believe that the whole Works have been substantially completed.
Sukh: So, it’s time to make a plan for taking over the Works.
Zhang: We have brought a plan with us. It includes a timetable for all the parts of the
Works to be inspected and tested. Here it is.
Sukh: Thank you. Let’s see what you have in this plan: a timetable for the taking-over
produce, as-buile drawings and a list of all the parts to be inspected and tested.
Shaw: We also need the technical information about all the equipment and instruments
installed in the Works, including the operation and maintenance manuals.
Sukh: Yes, and the Works can’t be deemed to be substantially completed until you have
presented them to us.
Zhang: All these documents are ready for you.
Shaw: Is there any work which you think is still outstanding?
Bian: Yes, but they are minor items, like surface reinstating, etc..
Sukh: My idea is that the taking-over process will be divided into phases: First, our
expert panel, accompanied by your technical staff, will inspect the completed
Works and see if they are satisfactory. If everything is all right, we’ll enter into the
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second phase, that is to carry out the performance tests of the equipment and
instruments as specified in the Contract.
Bian: I agree.
Shaw: Have you prepared the forms for recording the inspection and test results?
Zhang: Not yet. They will be finished by tomorrow; then I’ll come over and show them to
you.
Sukh: When do you want to start the process?
Bian: As soon as you can.
Sukh: Give us three days. We’ll have to make some preparations.
th
Bian: That means the acceptance inspection will start on 19 of this month.
Sukh: That’s right.
2. We can’t agree with you on the date
(The whole acceptance procedure goes smoothly and lasts 5 days. Now, Mr. Sukhnandan
and Mr. Bian, together with their respective technical staff, are having a discussion about
the completion report and the taking-over certificate.)
Sukh: Gentlemen, I’m glad to say that the whole Works have passed all the tests and
our engineers are quite satisfied with the test results. However, a few minor
defects have been found and there’s still some outstanding work. What do you
say about those items, Mr. Bian?
Bian: It is true that a few minor defects remain to be rectified and some items of work to
be completed, but they do not affect the normal operation of the whole Works, as
you can see from all the functioning tests. This means, according to the contract,
that substantial completion has been achieved and that we should receive a
taking-over certificate from you.
Sukh: We can issue a taking-over certificate to you provided that you give us a written
undertaking that you will finish the outstanding work and making good the defects
with due expedition during the Maintenance Period.
Bian: No problem.
Sukh: In that case, we can acknowledge that the Works were substantially completed on
th
November 6 , 1994.
Bian: I am afraid I can’t agree with you there, as you were notified that the Works were
th
ready for your acceptance by October 16 and both sides had agreed that this job
st
would start the acceptance inspection and tests until November 1 . we hold it to
be fair and reasonable that the substantial completion date should be October
th
24 .
Sukh: The activity was postponed because the electrical engineer in our expert panel
was sick and couldn’t be present at that time. I think this reason is excusable.
Zhang: We understand that situation. However, both sides should attend the inspection
and tests on the agreed date, as specified in Subclause 45.2 of the Conditions of
the Contract.
Bian: Your delayed presence at the inspection has occasioned quite some loss to us. If
th
you insist that the substantial completion date should be November 6 , 1994,
then we will have to file a claim for cost reimbursement and an extension of time
in
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this respect.
th
Sukh: All right, we’ll amend the date to October 24 in the acceptance report.
Zhang: And put this date in the taking-over certificate, too.
Sukh: Certainly.
Bian: May I remind you that it is also time to release the first half of the retention money
to us?
Sukh: I will arrange for its release soon.
Bian: Mr. Sukhnandan, I am thinking of applying for an excellent execution certificate
for this project.
Sukh: This is really an excellent project. You deserve suck a certificate. You’ll get one.
Now that the whole Works have been axxepted, my advice is that it’s also time for
you to have some relaxation. You’ve been working so hard for the last 3 years.
Zhang: We still have one thing more to do.
Sukh: What is it?
Zhang: To ask you for the bonus for our early completion.
Show: (Jokingly) Mr. Sukhnandan was thinking, at the beginning of this project, of
imposing the liquidated damages upon you.
Sukh: I did think of that when I saw the slow progress at the beginning. But now that you
have shown us your competence by completing the Works ahead of the
completion time, you are entitled to the bonus. I would suggest that you send your
budget engineer to work this out with Mr. Shaw sometime this week. Then I will
certify the payment to you. Does this sound all right with you?
Bian: Fine. I expect to receive the two certificate and the bonus from you soon.
satisfy oneself 查清楚，弄明白

acceptance inspection and test 接收检验与试验
leave a message 留口信儿
generating unit 发电机组
timetable 时间表
taking-over procedure 移交程序，验收程序
as-built drawing 竣工图纸
minor items 细小项目，不重要的工作项
surface reinstating 地表面恢复原状
expert pannel 专家组
accompany 陪同，伴随
carry out performance tests 进行性能试验
make some preparations 做准备
completion report 竣工报告
pass all the tests 通过全部试验
rectify 修正
normal operation 正常运行
Functioning tests 功能试验，运行试验
Written undertaking 书面保证，书面承诺
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Making good the defects 修复缺陷 With
due expedition 从速，迅速
acknowledge 认可，回函说明
Electrical engineer 电气工程师
excusable 可原谅的
on the agreed date 在商定的日期
in this respect 在这方面
amend 修正，改正
excellent execution certificate 优质竣工证书
have some relaxation 放松一些
for the last three years 在过去的三年里
bonus for our early completion 提前竣工奖
at the beginning of the project 在项目开始
impose the liquidated damages 征收拖期损害赔偿费
budget engineer 预算工程师
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. reach substantial completion: 达到实质性竣工，达到基本竣工。这是在土木工程施工管

理中的用语，在房建工程中，常用 practical completion 表示“基本竣工”或“实质性竣
工”。
2. No doubt you wish to visit the site…: 你们肯定希望对现场进行考察…。no doubt 是固
定词组，意思是“无意地”或“很可能”，与 doubt 组成的常用词组还有：beyond
doubt
（毫无疑问地），in doubt（有疑问），without doubt（无疑地）。
3. we’ll enter into the second phase: 我们进入第二阶段。与 enter into 这个词组搭配的断
语很多，如：enter into an agreement（订立协议），enter into a contract（签订合同），
enter into negotiations（开始谈判），enter into business（开始经商），enter into
details
（进入细节），enter into discussions（开始讨论）。
4. What do you say about those items, Mr. Bian? : 这些缺陷和工作你看怎么办？What do
you say about…?是在询问别人的看法时常用的句型。
5. for some reason on your part: 由于你方的原因。on one’s part 意思是“就…而言”或
“在… 一方”，如：default on the contractor’s part（承包商一方的违约），keep the
agreement on your part（我方遵守协议）。
6. We hold it to be fair and reasonable that the substantial completion date should be
th
October 24 . : 我们认为基本竣工日期定为十月二十四号才是公平合理的。Hold 这里有
“认为”的意思。句中的 it 指代的是后面的 that 从句。
7. Your delayed presence has occasioned quite some loss to us. : 你方的拖延参加使我们
蒙受了不小损失。句中的 occasion 这里用作及物动词，意思是“引起”。
8. If you insist that…: 如果你方坚持…。这句话的口气很强，使用时请注意。
9. release the first half of the retention money: 退还第一半保留金。在某些法律和合同文
件中，尤其在建筑工程施工合同中还常用 moiety 来表示“一半”。
EXERCISES
104
1. When Mr. Sukhnandan gets to know that the Works have been completed and ready to
be taken over, he says to Mr. Bian, “I’m pleased to learn that the Works are ready for
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acceptance.” （我很高兴得知工程已完成等待验
收。）
“I’m pleased to learn …” is a very useful expression used to indicate that you are
pleased when you find out about something pleasant, meaning“我很高兴地得知…”
1) A: 我很高兴地得知工程通过了全部竣工试验。
(I’m very pleased to learn that the Works have passed all the completion tests.)
B: Really? That’s great.
2) A: 得知我们公司中标,大家都很高兴。
(Everyone is very pleased to learn that our company has won the contract.)
B: Of course they are. They have been longing to work in that region for a long time.
3) A: The Owner has agreed to release the second half of the retention money if we
present a bank guarantee.
B: 听到这个消息，我很高兴。
(I’m pleased to learn of the good news.)
2. When Mr. Shaw says that they need the technical information for the taking-over
procedure, Mr. Sukhnandan adds, “Yes, and the Works can’t be deemed to be
substantially completed until you have presented them to us.”（说的对，在你方向我们
呈交这些资料之前，不能认为工程已实质竣工。）
“be deemed to be (do)” is a formal expression, often used in the administration of
contract to indicate that something is considered to be the case, meaning“被认为…”
1) A: I don’t think that I have issued such an instruction.
B: 这个指示是你的代表五月八号口头发出的，我们曾经写信要求你方对其作书面确认，
至今未收到回答，因而，按照合同应认为这亦属于你发出的指示。
th
(Your representative gave us this instruction orally on May 8 . We then wrote you a
letter, asking you to confirm it, but we haven’t got a reply yet. Therefore it shall be
deemed to be an instruction of yours according to the Contract.)
2) A: We shall claim an additional amount if you ask us to do this job.
B: 这项工作被认为已包括在合同价格中，你们无权获得附加付款。
(This item of work is deemed to have been included in the Contract Price and you’re
not entitled to an additional payment.)
3) A: The geologic conditions we’ve encountered are not in conformity with those given in
the bidding documents. This should belong to what is not foreseeable by an
experienced contractor.
B: 但合同文件中明确规定，承包商在投标之前应被认为已清楚地了解了现场的性质以及
地表以下条件。
(But as expressly specified in the contract documents, the contractor shall be deemed
to have satisfied himself as to the nature of the site and the sub-face conditions.)
在工程达到实质性竣工（substantial completion）或基本竣工（practical completion）

时，组织工程的验收对承包商来说是十分重要的一项工作，因为工程一旦移交给业主，工程
的照管责任（responsibility for the care of the works）即从承包商转移到业主一方，承包上
并且能获得相应的权益（rights and benefits）。
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由于每一工程的性质（nature of the works）与所签订的合同类型（type of contract）不
尽相同，工程的移交程序也有差异，但其程序大致如下：
（1）承包商通知业主工程已达到实质性竣工，并按业主要求提交一份移交计划（ plan for taking
over the works）。计划中应包括：要求业主进行检查与试验的时间表（timetable）；竣工时应
提交业主的各类资料；未完成的扫尾工作（outstanding work）等；
（2）制定记录验收检查与试验结果的各种表格（recording forms）；
（ 3 ）起草验收报告（ completion report ）。这一报告应是对工程项目的公正的评价（ fair
evaluation），在其中说明工程于日期竣工和缺陷责任期（维修期）开始日期，以及指出承包商
应在缺陷责任期应完成的扫尾国内工作和小缺陷。
（4）颁发移交证书。
在工程验收中常出现“实质性竣工（substantial completion）”，“检查（inspection）”，“试验
（test）”等术语，合同中往往对这些术语的含义有所定义。“实质性竣工”是指工程已基本竣工，
可以投入运行，允许在验收时存在部分未完成的扫尾工作和一些小缺陷，但不能影响工程的正
常运行（normal operation ）。“检查”是指工程及其安装到工程上的永久设备
（incorporated plant）、装置（devices）和构筑物（structures）等的外观检查。“试验”是指对上
述设施按一定的方法去测试。
一旦承包商收到了移交证书，承包商要催促业主按合同规定退还保留金（ retention money），同
时组织维修期的维修工作。
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UNIT 18 THE OWNER THROWS A CELEBRATING BANQUET
The project’s been implemented; the hydrogenerators are running; the generated power is
being transmitted to the whole western area of the country. Crowds of local people stream
in for a visit to this grand facility. Mr. Aston, Director of the National Electricity Board,
accompanied by Mr. Sukhnandan and Mr. Shaw, hosts a banquet to celebrate the
successful execution of the project. Mr. Guan, Vice President of COCC, and Mr. Bian,
together with other key staff, are invited to the banquet.
1. Exchanging Toasts
(Shortly after everyone is seated at the dinning table, the banquet begins. In the course of
the banquet, Mr. Aston stands up, holding a glass of wine. It is time for a celebratory toast.)
Aston: Ladies and gentlemen, please let me say a few words to our Chinese friends.
On behalf of the National Electricity Board, I’d like to extend our sincere thanks
for your outstanding performance.
This is, indeed, a night for celebration. I, being the Director of the National
Electricity Board, have been dreaming that our country has enough power to
develop its own industries. The completion and commissioning of this project
has made my dream partly come true. As you all know, this is a developing
country. The shortage of electric power is a big problem for us. So, our
government is making great efforts to inverst in more hydro-electric power
projects. And the successful execution of this project gives us a good start for
our future cooperation. May I, then, propose a toast to the success of this
project, and to further cooperation in the future between us?
Everyone: To success and cooperation.
Guan: Thank you for your kind words, Mr. Aston. Being an international contractor,
we’re honored to have had the opportunity to work for the National Electricity
Board. This project has been completed, smoothly and successfully, with your
assistance and cooperation. It is our hope and, of course, your hope too, that
this project will contribute to the economic development of your country and the
improvement of the people’s living standards. We applaud your government’s
policy of investing more in hydro-electric power projects as hydro-electricity is
clean power and once a project is completed, it is economical to run. We do
value our association with the National Electricity Board and the small part we
have played in this field. We are willing to explore the possibilities with you of
further cooperation not only as your contractor, but also as the co-investor.
To that end, therefore, let me propose a toast: to the continuance of out
cooperation in more projects and to the health of all the friends gathered here
around this table. Cheers!
Everyone: Cheers!
2. Table Talk
(After the toasts, the hosts and the guests are continuing their talk while they are enjoying
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the meal. The talk is spirited and friendly. Everyone seems to be talkative.)
Aston: As you mentioned just now, Mr. Guan, your company would like to be our
co-investor in developing hydro-power projects. This really interests me. Lack of
funks is a big problem for our development.
Guan: I wonder whether it is possible for us to build a hydro-power project in this country
on a BOT basis. That is to say, we raise the money, build the project and operate
it for a fixed period of time. Accordingly, we retain the ownership and management
role, and receive the revenue for that period.
Aston: That’s the very thing we’ve been expecting. You know, our government is trying to
transfer certain infrastructure projects into private-sector concessionary agencies.
Guan: Governments of many developing countries are becoming enthusiastic about this
form of financing, since it doesn’t increase public-sector debt but can get what they
need for the development of their economies. I want to have a full understanding of
your country’s policy in this aspect. One thing we are particularly concerned about
in particular is the concession period. It must be long enough to enable us to have
a reasonable return on our investment.
Aston: I will try to get relevant information from our government department and keep you
informed. I can also arrange for you to have direct negotiations with the department
if the opportunity arises.
Guan: Thank you. We will have to sign a concession agreement with your government.
Aston: And the National Electricity Board might be the buyer of the generated power, if
possible.
Guan: That’s a good idea. Once the concession agreement is signed, we could proceed
with the power purchase agreement.
(While Mr. Aston and Mr. Guan are talking, Mr. Sukhnandan turns to Mr. Bian)
Sukh: Thank you and all your fellow workers, Mr. Bian, for all the efforts you’ve made on
this project.
Bian: I really appreciate your assistance and cooperation during all construction period,
Mr. Sukhnandan. If this project is a success, part of the credit belong to you.
Sukh: Thank you. (Suddenly) Where is my friend, Mr. Zhang? I haven’t seen him tonight.
Bian: Unfortunately, he has fallen sick and can’t be here tonight.
Sukh: I am sorry to hear that. I hope he will recover soon. I like him. He’s such a
promising young man.
Bian: Yes, that’s why I asked him to my assistant. But you’re just as young and even
more promising.
Sukh: Thank you.
Aston: When I appointed Mr. Sukhnandan as our representative of this project, some
people in the Board didn’t think that he was the right person for this job. They said
he was too young. I believed I was right, and the outcome has proved that I was
right. Mr. Sukhnandan has come up to my expectations with his hard work and
strong sense of responsibility.
Sukh: It’s my duty. That’s what you pay me for. You know, there was a time when I
thought I would be fired by Mr. Aston if this project came out to be a failure. Now, I
am greatly relieved. (Pause) I should also thank you, Mr., Guan, for having
assigned Mr. Bian as your project manager. He’s been very cooperative and
working hard for the
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last couple of years.
Guan: So, I will give Mr. Bian a three-month holiday. What about you, Mr. Aston? Will you
to give Mr. Sukhnandan a holiday, too?
Aston: Of course. Besides, I have decided to send him to a British university for further
studies of construction management.
Sukh: That’s what I have dreaming about. But first I’ll go to the Carrih Beach to spend my
holiday with my family. What about you, Mr. Bian? What’s your plan?
Bian: To catch up on my sleep, first thing in my holiday!
celebrating banquet 庆功宴会

implement 执行，实施
hydro generator 水轮发电机
generated power 发出的电力
transmit 输送
stream in 络绎不绝，川流不息
exchange toasts 相互祝酒
dining table 餐桌
in the course of 在…过程中 extend our
sincere thanks 表示衷心的感谢
outstanding performance 出色的工作
commissioning 试运行，开始投入运行
shortage of electric power 缺乏电力
invest in 在…投资
applaud 鼓掌，赞成
clean power 清洁的能源
explore the possibilities 探讨可能性
co-inverstor 合伙投资者
to that end 为此目的
spirited 热烈的，活泼的
talkative 健谈的，谈话滔滔不绝的
raise the money 筹集资金
retain the ownership and management role 享有所有权和经营管理权
infrastructure project 基础项目
private-sector concessionary agency 私营部门特许机构
become enthusiastic about 对…热情很高
this form of financing 这种融资方式
public-sector debt 公共部门的债务
concessionary period 特许期
concession agreement 特许协议
a reasonable return on our investment 我们投资的合理回报
government department 政府部门
credit 荣誉
a promising young man 一个有前途的年轻人
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come up to one’s expectations 不辜负某人的期望
strong sense of responsibility 强烈的责任感
for the last couple of years 在过去的两三年里
a three-month holiday 三个月的假期
construction management 建筑工程管理
spend one’s holiday 度假
catch up on my sleep 弥补我的睡眠
first thing in my holiday 我在假期中的第一件事
NOTES TO THE TEXT

1. this grand facility: 这一宏伟的设施。这儿指的是“已完成的水电工程设施”。
2. Director of the National Electricity Board: 国家电力局局长。Director 在英语中常指某机
构的主要负责人，根据实际情况可译为“主任”、“厂长”“署长”、“司长”、“局
长”等。
3. …made my dream partly come true. : 使我的部分梦想成为现实。come true 常用来表
示理想、希望达到或实现。
4. We do value our association with the National Electricity Board…: 我们很十分珍惜与国
家电力局的关系…。value 在此用作动词，意思是“珍惜”，“重视”，例如：
We have always valued your friendship.（我们一直十分珍惜你们的友谊。）
He values wealth more than health.（他把财富看的比健康还重。）
5. …the small part we have played in this field. : 我们在这个方面所尽的微薄之力。
6. …to the health of all the friends gathered here around this table. : 为在此就坐的所有朋
友的健康（干杯）。Gathered here around this table 这儿是过去分词短语，相当于一个
定语从句 who are gathered here around this table。
7. on a BOT basis: 按 BOT 方式。BOT 是 build-operate-transfer 的缩写形式，意思是
“建造-运营-转让”，这是发展中国家为吸引外资而实行的一种融资方式。
8. …and keep you informed: 并随时告知你们。请注意这句话的结构。
9. I hope he wil recover soon. : 我希望他很快康复。recover 在这里是“身体恢复健康”的
意思。
10. Now, I am greatly relieved. : 现在我可以大松一口气了。
EXERCISES
1. In dealing with foreign companies or organizations, it is quite often for us to host or to

be invited to a banquet, like in the text. On this occasion, some sentences are
frequently used.
Now, try expressing the following ideas in English:
1) A: 首先，我愿意向在座的各位表示最热烈的欢迎。
(First, I would like to express our warmest welcome to all of you here.)
2) A: 很高兴，各位千里迢迢从贵国来到我们公司访问。
(I am very happy that you have come all the way from your country to visit our
company.)
3) A: 愿各位今晚有一个美好的时光。
(I hope that you will have a good time tonight.)
4) A: 大家别忘了趁热尽享您的晚餐。
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(Don’t forget to finish your dinner before it gets cold!)
111
5) A: 我代表所有在座的同事对您的盛情表示由衷的感谢！
(On behalf of all my colleagues here, I want to extend our sincere thanks for your
hospitality.)
6) A: 为了使这个项目成功，我们还需要你们持续的支持与理解。
(In order to make this project a success, we also need your continuing support and
understanding.)
2. Suppose you are the project manager of the Contractor. Invited by the Owner’s
representative, you attend a Christmas party.
Now, make a speech at the end of the party to express:
a. 感谢对方的邀请；
b. 宴会的饭菜棒极了；
c. 感谢对方在前一阶段的支持；
d. 希望得到对方的持续合作。
(On behalf of all my colleagues here, I want to thank you for inviting us to such an
enjoyable Chirstmas party. We enjoyed the delicious food and the excellent wine; we enjoy
meeting you here and talking tto all of you, but more importantly, we enjoyed your
assistance and support in the execution of the project during the last year and hope to
have your continuing cooperation in the next stage. Let’s maintain our good relationship
and make this project a great success!)
在国际工程承包中，如果工程项目能够圆满竣工（successful completion），业主在竣
工后可能会宴请（host a banquet）承包商的有关人员，对他们为项目付出的辛勤劳动表示
感谢。承包商一方也常指致答谢辞，感谢业主在项目执行过程中的协助与支持。这个时候
双方的关系一般都很融洽（good relationship），一个精明的承包商往往利用这个机会向业
主提出某些投资建议，并希望双方今后的进一步的合作。
对一个工程承包公司而言，一个项目的成功，不单单表现在获得一定的利润（actual
profit），同时还表现在为公司获得了信誉（prestige），这无疑对于公司立足于国际承包市场
（keep a firm foothold）以及开拓今后的承包业务（expand the future operation）奠定了良
好的基础
（lay a solid foundation）。有时，对于一个承包公司的发展来说，一个项目为公司所创造的
“信誉”这个无形的利润（invisible profit）也许比一个项目创造的实际利润还显得宝贵
（more precious）。
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Appendix I 附录一
EVERYDAY ENGLISH 英语日常用语
Ⅰ．Greetings 一、打招呼
1 Hello! 你好！
2 Good morning! 早上好！
3 Good afternoon! 下午好！
4 Good evening! 晚上好！ Ⅱ．
Date and Time 二、时间与日期
5 What time is it? 几点了？
6 It’s five o’clock. 五点．
7 It’s half past ten. 十点半。
8 It’s quarter to twelve. 十一点四十五分。
9 What’s the date today? 今天是几号？
10 It’s November sixteenth, 1996. 今天是 1996 年 11 月 16 号。
11 What day is it today? 今天是星期几？
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12 It’s Monday (Tuesday, Wednerday, 今天是星期一（星期二、星期三、星期
Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday) today. 四、星期五、星期六、星期天）。
Ⅲ．Weather 三、天气
13 What’s the weather like today? 今天的天气怎么样？
14 It’s rather hot. 天气很热。
15 It’s very cold. 天气很冷。
16 It’s very windy. 风很大。
17 It’s foggy. 有雾。
18 What will be the weather like tomorrow? 明天的天气怎么样？
19 The weatherman says it’s going to rain. 天气预报说明天有雨。
20 We are going to have a snowfall tomorrow. 明天要下雪。
21 What’s the temperature today? 今天的气温是多少？
22 It’s thirty degrees Centigrade. 摄氏三十度。
23 It’s sixty degrees Fahrenheit. 华氏六十度。
24 What’s the lowest temperature in winter? 冬天最低气温是多少？
25 It’s fifteen below zero. 零下十五度。
26 What’s the highest temperature in summer? 夏天最高气温是多少？
27 It’s forty degrees Centigrade. 摄氏四十度。
Ⅳ. Buying Things 四、买东西
28 I want to buy two hundred pounds of rice. 我想买二百磅大米。
29 I’d like to buy 20 kilos of tomto. 我想买二十公斤西红柿。
30 How dollars is it? 多少钱？
31 Two dollars a kilo. 一公斤两元。
32 I want to buy ten cylinders of oxygen and five 我要买氧气和乙炔。
cylinders of acetylene.
33 Thirty dollars for a cylinder of oxygen and
氧气三十元一瓶，乙炔二十八元一瓶。
twenty eitht dollars for a cylinder of acetylene.
34 Do you have this kind of tires in this shop? 你们这个商店有没有这种轮胎？
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35 Yes, how many do you want? 有，您要几条？
36 Twenty. How much is one? 二十。多少钱一条？
37 One hundred dollars. 一百元。
38 Any discount? 给折扣吗？
39 I’ll give you a five percent discount. 我给你百分之五的折扣。
40 How much does a bottle of coolant cost? 冷却剂多少钱一瓶？
41 How much do you charge? 你们收多少钱？
Ⅴ. At the Bank 五、在银行
42 I want to open a checking account. 我想开个支票账户。
43 What’s the procedure? 怎样办手续？
44 How much is the minimum deposit? 最少存款额是多少？
45 Please tell me our balance? 请我诉我我们的账户余额。
46 What’s the exchange rate today? 今天的兑换率是多少？
47 Can I cash this check here? 我能在这儿将这张支票兑换成现金吗？
48 I want to convert this money to US dollars. 我想把这笔钱兑换成美元。
49 How do you wish to draw your money? 您希望怎样支取您的钱？
50 In traveler’s checks. 用旅行支票。
51 In what denominations? 要多大面值的？
52 Ten twenties and five singles? 十张二十元的，五张一元的。
Ⅵ. Collecting Goods at the Port 六、港口提货
53 Our goods have arrived at the Port. 我们的货物已到达港口。
54 We want to enter the Port to have a look. 我们想进港看看。
55 You have to get a pass at the office. 你们得到那个办公室拿到入港证。
56 We need a pass to enter the Port. 我们需要入港证。
57 When will our goods be unloaded? 我们的货物什么时候卸下来？
58 Can we drive in to pick up our goods? 我们可以开车进去提货吗？
Ⅶ. Instructions to Workers 七、工作指示
59 Come at seven in the morning. 早晨七点来。
60 Go and work with Mr. Li. 去和李先生一起干活。
61 I want you to work overtime tonight. 我想让你今晚加班。
62 Go to Mr. Huang to ask for a hard-hat. 去到黄先生那里要一个安全帽。
63 Put on your hard-hat. 戴上你的安全帽。
64 Turn on the switch. 把开关打开。
65 Turn off the switch. 把开关关闭。
66 Don’t touch it. 不要触摸。
67 Don’t force it. 不要硬拉（推）。
68 You could hit it with a hammer. 你可以用榔头敲打。
69 You can go home now. 你现在可以回家了。
70 Don’t do it like that. 不要那样做。
71 Be careful. 要注意。
72 Change it. 换掉它。
73 Please fix this tire. 请补一下这个轮胎。
74 Please wire the room. 请给这间房子按电线。
75 Switch off the light. 打开灯。
76 Switch off the power. 关掉电源。
77 Connect this wire to the terminal. 将这根电线接到终端上。
78 Watch carefully. 仔细看。
79 Follow me. 按我做的方法去做（或：跟我来）。
80 Please go to the site office to pick up Mr. 请去现场办公室接王先生。
Wang.
81 Clear the outlet. 把出口清理干净。
82 Clean it out. 把它清除出去。
83 Raise it. 抬高点。
84 Move it up. 往上移。
85 Lower it. 下降点。
86 Start. 开始。
87 Press this button to start. 按这个按钮启动。
88 Pass it to me, please. 请把它递给我。
89 Don’t drop it. 不要掉了。
90 You take that end. 你拿住那头。
91 Lift it up. 提起来。
92 Hold the end of this measuring tape. 拿住卷尺这端。
93 Hold it properly. 拿好。
94 Take care of the theodolite. 注意保护好经纬仪。
95 Move to your left (right). 往你的左（右）移动。
96 Go back a little. 往后退点。
97 Use this power-drill. 用这把电钻。
98 You start it like this. 你这样启动。
99 Hold it tight. 紧紧抓住。
100 Take it apart. 把它拆开。
101 take it off. 卸下来。
102 Add some water. 加些水。
103 Mix it with water. 用水拌合。
104 Please clean these parts with gas. 请用汽油把这些零件洗干净。
105 Put it down. 把它放下。
106 Don’t put your things there. 别把你的东西放在那儿。
107 Take the lid off. 把盖子打开。
108 Put the lid on. 把盖子盖上。
109 Stop pulling. 别拉了。
110 Please get some sandpaper for me. 请给我拿些砂纸来。
111 Let’s go there. 我们去那儿。
112 Stir well before use. 用之前要搅拌好。
113 Go ahead. 开始（接着）干吧。
114 Take your time. 别着急，慢慢来。
115 Hurry up! 快点！
116 Watch your step. 脚下留神。
Ⅷ. Asking for Information 八、查询情况
117 What’s that? 那是什么？
118 What’s the problem? 有什么问题？
119 What’s going on here? 这儿怎么了？
120 What are you doing? 你在做什么？
121 What happened? 出了什么事？
122 What caused it? 什么引起的？
123 What time do you come? 你什么时间来？
124 When do you want to leave? 你什么时候想离开？
125 When does it begin? 什么时候开始？
126 Where is it? 它在哪里？
127 Where is your tool? 你的工具在哪里？
128 Where do you work? 你在哪工作？
129 Where is your boss? 你的领班在哪里？
130 Where did you put it? 你把它放在哪里了？
131 Where did you find it? 你在哪找到它的？
132 Who asked you to come here? 谁让你来的？
133 Who did you work with? 你与谁一块干活？
134 How are you going to do it? 你准备怎样做？
135 How did you go here? 你怎样去那儿的？
136 How long (wide, high ) is it? 它有多长（宽，高）？
137 How about your foot? 你的脚怎么样？
138 Are you OK? 你没有事吧？
139 Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成你的工作吗？
140 Do you have any experience? 你有经验吗？
Ⅸ. Indicating the State 九、情况说明
141 It’s dangerous. 它是危险的。
142 It’s no good. 这不行。
143 It’s safe. 它是安全的。
144 It’s perfect. 这太好了。
145 It’s too wet. 它太湿了。
146 It’s too big to go in. 它太大，进不去。
147 It’s too high. 它太高了。
148 It’s too low. 它太矮了。
149 It isn’t dry yet. 它还未干。
150 It’s too soft. 它太软了。
151 It’s too heavy. 它太重了。
152 It’s quite short. 它很短。
153 It’s the right height. 高度正好。
154 It’s the right size. 大小正好。
155 It’s too far to the left (right). 它太靠左（右）了。
156 Now, it’s in the middle. 它现在在中间了。
157 It’s five metres by four metres by three 它是 5m×4m×3m。
metres.
158 It’s for cutting steel bar. 它是用来切割钢筋的。
159 It’s two metres long (wide, high). 它两米长（宽，高）。
160 It’s upside-down. 它颠倒了。
161 It has to be measured accurately. 必须测量的精确。
162 They are too close together. 它们靠得太近了。
163 They should be one metre apart. 它们应相距一米。
164 They’re too far apart. 它们离得太远了。
165 It’s too hot (cold). 它太热（冷）了。
166 The bucket is full (empty). 桶是满（空）的。
167 The rock is too hard. 这岩石太硬了。
168 This is the start button. 这是启动按钮。
169 That is the stop button. 那是停止按钮。
170 The electricity is off. 电断了。
171 The problem is the fuse. 问题在保险丝。
172 The battery is flat. 电瓶没有电了。
173 It’s connected to the mains. 它接到电源上了。
174 It’s not working. 它没有正在工作。
175 It’s not ready yet. 我还没有准备好。
176 The roof is leaking. 房顶正在漏雨。
177 The wheel is jammed. 轮子卡住了。
178 It’s gone wrong. 它坏了。
179 I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
180 I need the key. 我需要钥匙。
181 I need a spanner. 我需要一个扳手。
182 I need five gallons of gas. 我需要五加仑汽油。
183 It needs changing (replacing). 它需要更换了。
184 It needs oiling. 它需要上油了。
185 It needs restoring. 它需要恢复。
186 It needs a new washer. 它需要一个新垫圈。
187 It needs fixing 它需要修理了。
188 The ground needs leveling. 场地需要平整。
189 There’s a crack in it. 它上面有裂缝。
190 There’s small river near the site. 现场附近有一条小河。
191 The cable has three wires in it-live, neutral 电缆里面有三根线---火它不转。线、零
and earth. 线与地线。
192 It won’t turn. 它不转。
193 This won’t take long. 这不会花很长时间的。
194 You will break it. 你会打碎他的。
195 It doesn’t fit. 它不合适
196 I can’t lift it. 我搬不动。
197 The water pipe bursts. 水管爆裂了。
198 The water flooded the floor. 地板上都是水。
199 The shed collapsed. 棚子塌了。
200 You made a mistake. 你弄错了。
201 The fuse has gone. 保险丝断了。
202 The hole has to be filled. 这个孔必须填上。
203 The blockage must be wrong with it. 管子一定堵上了。
204 Something must be wrong with it. 这一定有问题。
205 Well done! 干得不错！
Ⅹ. Medical Treatment 十、医疗
206 Where’s the hospital administration? 院务部在哪？
207 Where’s the out-patients? 门诊部在哪？
208 Where’s the in-patients? 住院部在哪？
209 Where’s the pharmacy? 药房在哪？
210 I have a headache. 我头疼。
211 I have a stomach-ache. 我胃疼。
212 I have a sore eye. 我眼睛疼。
213 I have difficulty in breathing. 我呼吸困难。
214 I have sharp pain in my back. 我背部极痛。
215 I have tight chest. 我胸闷。
216 I have a fever. 我发烧。
217 I have a cold. 我得了感冒。
218 I have chills. 我浑身发冷。
219 I’ve got a ringing in my ears. 我耳鸣。
220 I’m not feeling well. 我感觉不舒服。
221 I feel like vomiting. 我想呕吐。
222 I really feel terrible. 我感觉难受极了。
223 I feel dizzy. 我头晕。
224 He has malaria. 他得了疟疾。
225 He has cholera. 他得了霍乱了。
226 This disease is contagious. 这种疾病传染。
227 He needs infusion of fluid for two days. 他需要输两天液。
228 He has broken his leg. 他把腿给折断了。
229 It’s probably a fracture. 这可能是骨折。
230 I should have it X-rayed. 我应该给它做个 X 光。
231 Your left thumb suffers a comminuted 你的左大拇指是粉碎性骨折。
fracture.
232 He must be hospitalized right now. 他必须立即住院。
233 He must have his blood tested. 他必须验血。
234 He needs an operation. 他需要做手术。
235 It’s nothing serious. 这不严重。
236 He needs blood transfusion. 他还需要输血。
237 Stay in bed for a week and you will recover 卧床休息一周，你很快就会康复的。
soon.
238 He will be discharged tomorrow. 他明天出院。
Appendix II 附录二
Chinese translations for Reference 参考译文
第一单元国际旅行
中国海外建设公司（中海公司）在中美洲中标了一个水电工程项目，项目经理卞先生与其助
手张先生正率领一批工程师、技术员和其他管理人员奔赴项目所在地。由于中国到目的地没
有直达航班，他们决定取道美国的旧金山。
一、在飞机上
空姐：（午饭时间）先生，请问，您要点什么？我们有炸鸡、鱼和牛肉。
张：请来份鱼。
空姐：饮料要什么，是可乐、橘子汁，还是啤酒呢？
张：你们有茶吗？
空姐：对不起，我们午饭不供应茶。
张：那么，就来杯可乐吧。
空姐：（问坐在张先生旁边的卞先生）先生，您呢？
卞：现在什么都不想要。我有点晕机。
空姐：我看看能不能给你找点治晕机的药片。请稍等。
卞：多谢！
二、到达旧金山
（在飞行了二十多个小时之后，他们在旧金山机场着陆了。）
移民官：（在移民柜台处）请出示护照，还有入境卡。
张：我们是过境。我们实际上是去中美洲实施一个工程项目。您看，我们是一起的，
大部分人员是工程师和技术员。
移民官：我弟弟也是一位工程师。他是修桥的。你们在美国计划呆多久？
张：就两天。
移民官：一切看来都没问题。下一步请到海关。
******************************************************************
海关官员：（在海关柜台）请出示您的申报单。
张：给您。
海关官员：还有什么要申报的吗？
张：我想没有了。海关官
员：这个包中都有些什么？张：
就一些个人物品。海
关官员：好了，检查完了。三、
在机场办理登机手续
（在旧金山逗留了两天后，卞先生和他们的同事们正准备乘塔卡航空公司的 375 航班前往
目的地。他们在候机大厅正打听办理登记的柜台在哪？）
张：劳驾，请问塔卡航空公司办理登机手续的柜台在哪？
职员：沿这条通道走到头，向左拐，你就会在你右方看到牌子。你不会看不到。
张：多谢。
******************************************************************
职员：（在办理登机手续的柜台）早上好。请出示机票与护照。
张：早上好。我们是一起的，这些是所有的机票和护照。
职员：你们共有多少人？
张：总共 14 人。
职员：对座位有什么要求吗？
张：我和卞先生在非吸烟区要两个靠窗口的座位。哦，我是张，这个护照是我的。
其他人的座位…，让我问问他们。
（在询问了他的同事之后）
张：他们要吸烟区的座位，没有其他要求。
职员：你们准备托运多少件行李？
张：每人两件。顺便问一下，行李限额是多少？
职员：每位旅客七十英镑，每件限重四十五英镑。把这四个大纸板箱放在磅秤上，还
有那个行李箱，一件一件地放。
张：希望都没超重。
（在秤过所有箱子之后）
职员：没有，都没超重。让我给行李系上行李标签。
张：我们得把旧行李标签取下吗？
职员：（幽默地）是的，如果你们不想你们的行李再回来的话。
（在秤过所有箱子之后）
职员：这些是你们的登机卡和护照。
张：谢谢。登机门是多少号？
职员：七号。祝你们飞行愉快，先生们。
张：多谢。
第二单元生活安置
在经过长距离的国际飞行之后，这支建设队伍终于到达了目的地。大家不顾飞行时差与住宿
旅馆的不便，都在为这项宏大的工程的开工忙着做各项准备工作---研究技术资料、商讨是
概念股计划等。
一、租房
（项目经理的助手张先生正在打电话，设法租用一套可供到达人员食宿的住房。）
张：您好。请问，尼尔先生在吗？
尼：我就是尼尔。您有什么事？
张：我打电话是关于你在《人民快报》登载的广告一事。您是否有一套房子要出租？
尼：喔，我前些日子的确有一套房子要出租，但已经租出了。
张：真遗憾。顺便问一下，您知道附近还有没有要出租房子的？
尼：让我想想看。我的朋友萨姆几周前告诉我他想将他的房子出租。我想那套房子比较大。
你可以找他问问。
张：我们就是要组大点的房子。请问，他的电话号码是多少？
尼： 2237
张：您能再告诉我们一遍你朋友的名字吗？
尼：萨姆，萨姆·卡特。
张：多谢，再见。
******************************************************************
张：您好，卡特先生在吗？
男：对不起，这儿没有叫卡特的。
张：那么，您的电话号码是多少呢？
男： 2337。
张：真对不起，我一定拨错号码了。
******************************************************************
张：您好，卡特先生在吗？
女：等一下，他马上就来。
卡：你好，我是卡特。
张：我姓张，有人告诉我您有一套房子要出租。这座房子是否还在有待出租？
卡：对。这套房子是一座两层的楼房，二楼有六个卧室，一楼有两个卧室。有两个浴室，
每层一个。有一个厨房，可供做饭。另外，这套房子中还有一台有线电视和一部供你
们使用的电话机。
张：也许我们寻找的就是这类房子。月租金是多少？
卡：租期是多长？
张：大约四个月。
卡：那么，两千元。租金每月底支付一次。你们可以使用所有设施，但你们必须支付有关
账单，包括电话、有线电视、水、煤气和电。附带说一下，你们还需缴纳一千元的押
金。
张：房子中又可以办公的地方吗？
卡：一楼有一个大的起居室。我想你们可在那儿办公。
张：还有一件事，如果我们将这套房子租下的话，您是否允许我们在房子中安装一部传真
机。我们很可能需要一个。
卡：可以，但你们得负担全部有关费用。
张：好。明天我们是否有可能去看一下房子？
卡：下午四点以前什么时间都可以。您可先到我在卡肴区的班卡经营的欧珂司餐馆来。它
在乔治街。班卡是个小镇。这儿的人都知道欧珂司。我在这儿等您。
张：好吧。我们明天上午去，大约十点钟。您看可以吗？
卡：可以，明天见。
二、分包施工营地
（中海公司的杨先生电话预约了“世安”的总经理豪厄尔先生。“世安”是当地一家专门承
建住房的工程公司。他们二人准备就将施工营地分包给“世安”这一事宜进行磋商。）
接待员：早上好，先生。您有什么事？
杨：早上好。我与豪厄尔先生约定九点见面。
接待员：先生，请问您的名字？
杨：杨，中海公司的，也就是建设水电项目的公司。
接待员：不错，豪厄尔先生正在等您。让我领您进去。请这边走。
杨：谢谢。
（进入豪厄尔的办公室）
豪：你好，杨先生。很高兴能见到您本人。
杨：也很高兴见到您，豪厄尔先生。
豪：请坐。
杨：谢谢。
豪：一切还都好吧，杨先生。
杨：还可以，就是忙点。你知道，我们刚到这里。
豪：您对我们国家的初步印象如何？
杨：这是个美丽的国家，原始森林很多。这儿的人民很友好，很容易相处。但似乎这
里大多数人说的英语很特别。有时不大容易听懂他们。
豪：您很快就会习惯的。只有官员、教师和商人才说标准英语。
杨：看来是这样。
豪：咱们言归正传，杨先生。你在电话中问我是否愿意为能提供 80 人食宿的施工营
地的建造而投标。您能再说的详细点吗？
杨：正如你所知道的，这个营地主要是用来为 80 个在这个水电项目工作的中国人提
供食宿的。它包括若干供职员用的双人间和供工人和厨师用的四人间、一个食堂、
几个浴室，几个办公室、一个会议室，以及一个娱乐室。
豪：这么说，这个营地为 80 人提供食宿。你们有什么具体要求吗？
杨：我想听听你的意见。
豪：依我看来，有一种装配式房子对这样一个营地十分合适。这种房子运输简单经济，
安装速度快，当整个项目完成后需要迁移与处理时拆卸也很方便。
杨：听起来不错。是什么材料做的？
豪：轻混凝土板。我们通常从萨尔瓦多的一家供货商那里进口这种板。
杨：好，请您尽快为这个营地报一个交钥匙价格。
豪：好的。营地位置设在哪里？
杨：设在卡肴区班卡镇的沿艾瑞纳道的某个地点。等我们与业主定下具体位置之后我
会立即告诉你。
豪：谁负责营地的场地平整呢？
杨：由我们来做。你们负责供水供电。还有，这是一个免税项目，因而为这个项目进
口的一切物品都是免税的。请将此在你们的报价中考虑进去。
豪：这样，我们的报价将会低得多。
杨：这很好。
豪：你们希望营地何时完成？
杨： 60 天，从我们的开工通知算起。
豪：好吧，杨先生，我希望我们能得到为你们工作的机会。如果这样的话，我们将向
你们负责完成工程，我相信我们肯定圆满完成这项工作。
杨：我也希望如此。
第三单元现场占用与布置
为了开始工程的实施，承包商需要从业主处获得现场的占用权，并制定整个现场的布置的计
划供业主审批。现在双方正就现场移交与安排等事宜进行讨论。
一、业主移交现场迟了
（承包商的项目经理卞先生和总工程师程先生正在与业主的代表苏克南旦先生和其咨询顾问
肖先生商谈，苏克南旦先生看上去很年轻，精力旺盛；肖先生则显得颇有经验。）
……
卞：上周我们递交你方一封信，要求你方将整个现场移交我们，包括进场道路。但我们还
没有收到答复。合同专用条件中明确规定：现场的占用权应于附录一中指明的日期移
交承包商，也就是 1992 年 4 月 20 日。今天是 4 月 26 日。已经晚了一周了。
苏：对此我感到很抱歉，卞先生。但不幸的是，我们在征用现场区域的河左岸的土地时遇
到了一些困难。你知道，这片土地中某些部分是私人所有。由于土地所有者害怕这个
项目打扰他们的安宁的生活，他们不同意将土地转卖，也不同意允许我们使用这部分
土地。
肖：这里有些人对他们传统的生活很是迷恋。他们不想改变他们的生活。你很难理解他们。
程：不可思议！他们应该知道，项目会使他们受益。至少他们很容易地得到比现在价格低
得多的照明用电。
苏：我们已经答应免费向他们提供照明电。作为回报，他们让我们无偿使用他们的土地。
卞：你们认为什么时候能解决这一问题，将整个现场和进场道路移交给我们？这是我们呢
很关心的。
肖：现今，进场道路已修建到坝址，我们正开始从两道交叉处修建通往厂房的通道。可现
在正巧是雨季，下雨降低了我们的施工进度，但我们正努力尽快完成。
苏：这样，我们可以把已完成的进场道路和右岸的场地移交，使你们能够在此做一些准备
工作。从明天开始，你们就可占用。会后我就发给你方一封确认函。一旦我们与土地
所有者解决了这一问题，我们立即将剩余的现场部分移交你方。
卞：苏克南旦先生，我得向你方讲明，现场移交的耽搁已经影响到我们的施工计划，我们
不得不要求你方对项目竣工的时间作出相应的延长。同时，我们保留要求你方补偿由
此耽搁二导致我方支出的费用。我们的十五位工程师和技术员在这儿急迫地等待开始
他们的工作。有许多准备工作需要我们去做，尤其是现场内的交通道。
苏：我理解你们的处境，卞先生。至于补偿，我们可以努力按合同解决。
卞：为使这个项目取得成功，我们双方彼此需要合作。
苏：我非常同意。
二、现场布置
（为了顺利高效地实施工程，需要对现场进行恰当地布置。今天，卞先生和程先生与苏克南
旦先生在讨论整个现场的布置计划。）
苏：那天你告诉我，你们要在现场建设两个营地，你能详细地谈一下你们的计划吗？
卞：根据我们的施工计划，我们的第一个营地称为 A 营地，它将位于通往大坝与厂方两个
进场通道交叉处，主要用来作为材料与零配件等的存放地。同时还在这一区域建一个
停车场和修理间。动力弯筋机也设在此营地。
苏：这个营地面积有多大？
2
卞：占地大约 4000m
苏：按英亩计量有多少？我不太熟悉公制。
卞：对不起，我们不习惯英制。
程：等一下，让我用我的小计算器算一下。我们来算一算…，共 4785 平方码。大约 1 英
亩。苏：这个我们可以接受。这片土地属于政府的，我们能很快得到批准。另外的一个营
地怎
么样？
卞：第二个营地我们称作 B 营地，主要用来作为中国人员的食宿和办公室用地。也是我们
开每周和每月审议会的地方。你们怎样称呼这类营地？
肖：说得确切点，叫生活营地，总的来看也属于施工营地或可以说是施工营地的一部分。
苏：人们不太区分这些叫法，即使在专业人员中也是这样。这一个营地设在哪儿？
卞：在进场道路的右边，离 A 营地大概半英里。占地面积大体与 A 营地相同。
苏：你们为什么选择这一区域呢，卞先生？它是我国自然保护区一部分。尽管我们政府全
力支持这一项目，它也不会以损害它美丽的环境为代价而批准这一要求。我认为我们
不能从有关部门得到批准。
卞：你知道，这块地是建造 B 营地的理想场所。它相对平整，我们修建住宿和办公用房比
较容易。关键是，他离工地和生活水源很近。一旦这块地给你们，我们经严格将我们
限制在这一区域，努力使各项布置都井井有条。不管怎样，请你们向政府申请试试。
苏：好吧，如果你们坚持要求的话。但我看得到批准的希望不大。
卞：现在我想让程先生讲述一下现场的其它临时设施的布置计划。
程：从我们现场调查中，我们发现一片坡度教缓的空地，我们想在此处设置我们的拌合楼
和人工砂石系统，因为这块地离坝址很近，也容易平整。
苏：离坝址的确切距离有多少？在哪个方向？
程：坝址南 500m，按英美制大约 1630 英尺，在河右岸。如果我们能得到批准，将便利我
们
的混凝土生产与运输。
苏：请你们将所有临时工程的布置图提交我方，并附一申请函。若可能，我们尽快使其得
到批准。
卞：越快越好。
苏：我会尽力而为，但我不敢保证一定得到批准。不管批准与否，我肯定在一周内给答复
的。
卞：这可是合同规定的！
第四单元采购货物（一）
开始执行项目需要大量设备和材料。所有这些均需采购或租赁，然后运至施工现场。承包商
的采购人员进行询价、谈判供货合同，并有事去租赁短期使用的设备。如果货物从第三国或
承包商本国进口，还需通过各种清关手续，因而承包商通常雇用一个清关代理。
一、询价
（黄先生是水电项目的采购负责人，他现在在飓风贸易公司，向该公司的销售部经理张伯伦
先生询问一些施工材料的价格。）
张你好，黄先生。再次见到您真高兴。
黄再次见到您也很高兴，张先生。
张您什么时候又回到这个国家？
黄就在上周。生意怎么样？
张还不错。我听说中海公司已获得了营建水电工程的合同。是吗？
黄您消息真灵通！是的，这就是我又来的原因。当我去年 11 月份来这里调查市场准备投
标时，我曾告诉你一旦我们中标，我会来与你做进一步来业务商谈。这不，我又来了。
张我们欢迎您的光临，黄先生。由于市场需求增长和我们公司良好信誉，我们国内公司
刚刚扩大了业务。除了钢材和木材之外，我们现在还经营其他施工材料，如：水泥、
沥青和 PVC 管。这是我们新的产品目录。
黄谢谢。
张您打算从我们呢这儿订购些什么？
黄让我看看。请给我们报目录上第 12 号产品的价格，也就是规格为 3/8″ X40’、60
级 A615 热轧竹节钢筋。我跟您说，如果价格我们可接受的话，我们的第一次订货就
不少于 50t。
张我知道你们可能成为我们的一个大客户。即使对于我们的第一次交易，我们也将给予
你们十分优惠的价格。我相信我们彼此之间能够建立起来良好的业务关系。
黄您说得对。我想问一下你们是否能按我们的技术要求供应水泥？
张请问，什么技术要求？
黄根据我们的施工设计，我们急需按美国材料试验学会 C-150 规范生产的一型与五型波
特兰水泥各 50t。
张真巧，这正好属于我们的业务范围。你们对包装有什么要求吗？我们既可供应散装水
泥也可供应袋装水泥。
黄好。请给我们报散装水泥的价格。我们希望尽早交货。
张通常，我们是在收到顾客的订单两周交货。这个交货期您能接受吗？
黄能否 10 天交货？
张我与厂家联系一下看是否可能。不管怎样，我将尽力而为。
黄请将水泥的技术数据随报价单一块给我们。在我们订货之前，我们需要确信准确的水
化热、抗压强度等。
张没问题。技术数据随时可从厂家的实验室取得。
黄跟您说实在的，我已经向几家贸易公司询价，也同样等待着他们的报价。但我希望您
能成为我们长期的供应商。
张多谢。过两天我就将我们的报价单发送给你们。我们虽然不是这个行业最大的供应商，
但我们会向你们证明我们是最好的供应商。
二、运输磋商
（这个水电项目从美国的迈阿密以离岸价格购买了 500 吨炸药，为此，须找一家运输公司
负责从装货港到工地的运输工作。“热带船运”是一家有名的国际船运公司，黄先生正在
与该公司在当地注册的分公司经理奥尼尔先生就此事宜进行磋商。）
黄我们在周三将询价函传真给你们，询问我们订购的“威力”炸药的运输费率，但至今
没有收到答复。
奥对我们的迟复我深表歉意。你知道，这种商品被列为极度危险品。我们得花费一定的
时间去调查装运要求。现在既然您来了，我们可以进行面对面的交谈了。
黄调查结果怎样？
奥首先，为了防止炸药受潮与方便装卸，我们得使用集装箱进行海运。
黄有一点令我担心：这种炸药在高温下极度危险，这里又是热带地区，一年四季都很热；
如果使用集装箱，怎样才能控制集装箱内的温度呢？
奥这您不必担心，黄先生。通过调查，我们发现，只要温度不超过华氏 125 度，运输这
种炸药就没有危险。即使在干季的最热天气，集装箱内的温度要比这个温度低得多。
然而，我们已经做了周密的计划并，将采取特别预防措施去保护海运的安全。
黄内陆运输怎么安排？也就是说，从卸货港到工地仓库这一段路程。
奥我们将使用“lowboy”，根据我们国家安全法，警察将一直护送到工地。
黄什么是“lowboy”？
奥就是一种用来运载集装箱和大型设备的低拖板拖车。
黄你们的班轮每隔多长时间来往于迈阿密与这个国家的港口?
奥我们每周都有班轮，可以按你们的要求将你们的五百吨炸药来分批装运。
黄运费是多少？
奥每个 20 英尺集装箱 3000 美元，从装货港到工地的费用全包括在里面。
黄运费恐怕太高了吧。
奥你知道，黄先生，我们现在所谈的可是炸药，不是水泥之类的东西。整个运输过程都
得格外谨慎。这会导致我们支出额外费用。另外，警察也向我们收取一定的服务费。
黄请将你们的报价单给我们，好吗？我把它带到我们办公室，与我们的经理商量一下。
奥这就是。不管是否接受我们的报价，请尽快给我们一个答复。按法律规定，我们必须
到警察总署备案。
黄好吧，奥尼尔先生。
三、租赁设备
（为了能够满足施工计划，必须尽快完成大量的开挖工作。由于工地设备不足，项目经理决
定租用一台挖掘机和一台装载机。杨先生正在就租赁设备一事向百利建设公司的设备经理鲍
尔斯先生询问设备租赁事宜。）
杨鲍尔斯先生，有人告诉我您负责这个公司设备租赁业务。我来这儿看看是否能从你们
租赁一些设备。
鲍杨先生，您真是来对地方了。除了我们自己的开挖作业外，我们还主要经营设备租赁
业务。我们拥有大量重型设备，你们随时均可租用。
杨都有什么设备呀？
鲍我们又推土机、挖掘机、装载机、电动平地机、振动碾和自卸车。
杨这次我考虑租用一台挖掘机和一台装载机。你们的挖掘机的挖斗容量是多大？
鲍挖掘机是卡特皮乐 225 型，挖斗容量大约是两立方码。
杨装载机呢？
鲍是卡特皮乐 95B 型，我想挖斗大约是三立方码。
杨它们各自的租赁费是多少？
鲍你们准备在何处使用它们？
杨它们将被用来在工地开挖厂房基坑。但使用挖掘机之前先进行爆破。挖掘机开挖的只
是爆破后碎石。工作条件不算坏。
鲍那么，杨先生，我们给你们报两个价，按小时租用挖掘机 75 美元，装载机 50 美元；
按月租用挖掘机 22500 美元，装载机 15000 美元。
杨租费里包括燃料费和操作员的费用吗？
鲍是的，还包括设备维修费。
杨哪一方负责将设备从你们设备场运到我们现场呢？
鲍如果租期超过 300 小时或 1 个月，我们将自费用拖车来运设备。否则，我们每运一
台设备，加收 200 美元。
杨工作时间你们通常怎样记录？
鲍我们的操作员填写计时单，再有你方的现场管理人员会签。计时单我们有固定格式，
每份计时单一式两份。双方各持有一份。计时单为支付的依据。
杨谈到支付，你们要求多长时间支付一次？
鲍每周末。
杨我们希望按月支付，因为我们从业主那里是每月得到支付。这次我们计划租用你们的
设备两个月，这个时间可不算短。
鲍可以，你是说将来你们会租用更多的设备？
杨是的，并且很可能是长期租用，如果你们现在的租赁费降低 20%的话。由于施工设计
的变更，我们的开挖工作量大大增加了。我们正在考虑所需的附加设备是买还是租。
比如对挖掘机来说，根据我们的计算，如果每小时租费在 60 美元左右，租用设备就
合算了。
鲍为了表示我们的友谊以及与你方建立良好的工作关系的愿望，我愿意在我所报的价格
基础上给予尼恩百分之五的折扣。如果你们今后从我们这租赁设备超过三个月，我们
将租费降低 15%。
杨谢谢。在我们租用你们的设备之前，我们需要派我们的机械工程师来检试一下看看工
作状况是否良好。你能为我们安排一下吗？
鲍当然可以。你们什么时间方便？
杨下周一上午怎么样？
鲍好吧。不过，来之前给我打个电话。
杨如果一切顺利，我们想让设备周二开始工作。
鲍没有问题。我们一收到你们的通知和对我们今天商谈的确认函，我们就将设备送至你
方。
第五单元采购货物（二）
四、供货合同谈判
（要保持现场上所有车辆与设备的运行，每天都需要消耗大量燃料和其它非燃料用油。黄先
生正在努力与埃索标准石油有限公司的销售部马丁尼斯先生谈判一个在整个施工期的供油合
同。）
黄马丁尼斯先生，我们已经审阅了你们起草的供油合同草案。我想有几个条款需要澄清
或修正。
马那么，我们一条一条的讨论好吗？看看今天能不能定下来。
黄好吧。咱们就从第二条“合同标的”开始。出来高级汽油和柴油之外，你们还能问为
我们供应各类非燃料用油吗？你知道，我们的设备运行同样需要很多这些油。
马如果我没有记错的话，在你们六月十一号的传真信函中，你们只提到了你们项目所需
的燃料。这就是为什么我只将汽油和柴油写进了合同。
黄这可能是由于打印错误在我们的信函中漏掉了。我的原意是包括各类非燃料拥有的。
马不要紧，埃索公司很乐意供应各类非燃料用油，如：机油、液压油和润滑油等。
黄很好。现在我们看第四条，是关于供应期的。此条规定：“供应合同从本日期算起为
期三年，并在 1995 年 1 月 1 日自动失效。”的确，根据我们现在的施工计划，这
个水电项目的竣工期是三年，然而，项目可能会延期一段时间，也可能比计划提前，
这个谁也说不定，即使象我们这样有经验的承包商。我看是否把措辞改成这样：“供
应合同期从 1992 年 1 月 1 日开始，并于中海公司为其目的采购油料的水电项目竣工
日期满。”
马我没有意见。
黄在第六条的第三段，也就是规定交货方式的那一条，其中的“买方的订单”是否口头
和书面订单都包括在内？
马我们的意图是“买方的订单”指的是书写面的或书面的，不包括口头订单。
黄我希望你们也接受口头订单。有时，我们急需某些油类，来不及给你们发出书面订单。
马黄先生，我们愿意尽力为你方提供各种便利，但口头订单很容易出问题。
黄我看最好这样写：“…当收到买方的书面订单或口头订单（此种情况下随后要有书面
确认函）。”
马这我可以接受。
黄下一个问题是在第十二条“不可能交付产品”。本条规定，若你方不能供应某些产品，
你方就授权我方从另一供货商购买。这儿我有一个问题：第十六条规定，考虑到我
们是长期购买，你方将在市场价格的基础上给我方 3%的折扣。如果我们从另一供货
商购买该产品，你能保证我们按同样的价格和条件获得吗？
马我方授权你方从其他供货商处购买就意味着我们放弃了你们对我们的专购权，反过来，
你方应解除我方未能交付产品的责任。
黄这对我们来说有失公平。我们保证在这么长的时间内向埃索专购的原因就是我们能够
以优惠的价格持续得到我们的所需。如果我们在合同中写入“若中海公司不专购埃索
产品，则埃索公司即被认为被解除向中海公司交付产品的义务。”，你们显然不会同
意这样的措辞。如果我们这样写，这个供应合同就无意义了。
马我看这样办吧：万一埃索公司不能向你方供应某些产品，它保证你以同样的价格和条
件从另一供应商购买，但有一个条件，也就是说，你们必须到埃索公司指定的供应商
那里去买。
黄这样是合理的。
马关于这个合同您还有其他意见吗？
黄最后一个，是第十六条关于合同终止的问题，该条列明：“如果供应商未能履行其在
合同中的义务，买方可在提前六十天通知供应商的情况下，终止合同 ”。我想这不完
整。应在句末加上“且不解除供应商的违约责任”。
马好吧，我同意。
五、雇佣海关代理
（由于按合同所有进口物品都免征海关税，所以，承包商从中国和其它国家进口了大量的材
料和备件，因而，需要雇用一位海关代理来进行清关。黄先生找到了颇有声誉的海关经纪人
瓦尔迪斯先生，正在与其商谈聘请他作海关代理的费用问题。）
黄瓦尔迪斯先生，我们正在为我们的进口物品寻找一位清关代理。有人告知我们您是最
好的海关经纪人之一。这不，我们呢就来了。
瓦谢谢，黄先生，您过奖了。我们很清醒地意识到是我们的客户给了我们工作和薪金。
这就是为什么我们总是尽最大努力，使我们的客户满意。
黄请问，你们怎样向客户收取费用的？
瓦通常是到岸价格的 1%。
黄收费有点高了吧。
瓦我承认我的收费是高了点，但重要的是要看服务质量。我从事这种业务已三十多年了。
我和海关官员有很多友好的个人关系。所有这些能保证将你们的货物高效及时地清理
出关。
黄瓦尔迪斯先生，我说的可不是小量的货物清关。你知道，我们正在修建一座水电项目，
包括一个大坝和一个厂房，我们计划进口价值一千多万材料和设备。
瓦我们关心的是每批货的价值。不管要清关的货物价值大小如何，清关程序是大致一样
的。
黄每批货的确切价值我拿不准，不管怎样，平均也不会低于 10 万美元。
瓦你是怎么想的呢，黄先生？
黄若费率不超过到岸价值的 0.75%，我们可以接受。说真的，以这样的费率，是很容易
找到一个海关代理的。我是接受一位朋友的推荐才到这儿来的，这位朋友很可能是
您的朋友。
瓦收费高低应该看服务的质量。不过，为了显示我们的诚意，我想突出一种另外的计费
方法。这种方法肯定对你们有利，同时我们也能接受。
黄您说吧。
瓦我们对每批货物到岸价值的第一个 25000 美元收取 1%的费用，对第二个 25000 美元
收取 0.75%，第三个 25000 美元收 0.5%，第四个 25000 美元收 0.25%，对超过 10
万美元的余额部分收取 1%。
黄我同意这种做法。另外一件事，你们将一批货物清出海关需要多长时间？
瓦在货物到港的情况下，一般在我从你们那儿拿到进口许可证、提单、发票、保险单、
装箱单，以及其它必要的文件之后的四个工作日内完成清关。
黄你认为能不能再缩短一点？
瓦黄先生，单做报关单一项都得花我们一、两天时间。我可以说我们的服务在我们所有
的当地同行中算是最快的了。万一你们急需货物，我们设法取得货物预提单，但需要
你方提交证明文件，说明急需该货物。这个文件还得由业主的项目代表会签。拿着这
个文件我们将代替你们去到海关当局申请预提单，大多数情况下，我们能得到的，因
为他们信赖我。
黄好。我希望我们的合作对双方都有利。
瓦我确信，您将能看到，我多年的经验对于能够把你们的所有货物在尽可能在最短的时
间清出海关起着非常宝贵的作用。
第六单元培训设备操作工
由于该水电项目有一条长约 3 英里的隧洞，承包商从日本谷河有限公司购买了两台 JTH2A-
90 双臂液压钻岩台车。由于这是一种新型设备，所以接到承包商的请求，厂家派来了一位
机械工程师须永先生对操作工进行培训以使他们能够安全高效地使用这两台设备。
一、安排培训
（电话响
了。）
秘书：中海办公室，请问，您找谁？
斋藤：您好，我找设备负责人。
秘书：请等一下。
（喊黄先生）黄先生，您的电话。
黄：您好，我叫黄，是设备负责人。
斋藤：您好，黄先生。我是从谷河公司美国办事处打来的长途。我叫斋藤，我们日本的总
部要我与您联系，安排一下你们从我公司购买的钻岩台车的操作工培训一事。
黄：我正在等您的电话，斋藤先生。船运公司通知我台车已经到港，几天内我们就能将其
运到工地。
斋藤：那么，您想让我们什么时候向你们派遣我方的工程师呢？
黄：我们计划本月的 15 日至 27 日进行培训，从今天算起还有一周时间。所以，我想让
你们的工程师 13 日或 14 日到达这儿。
斋藤：好，黄先生。
黄：有一件事我得提一下，你们的那位工程师讲英语吗？这儿可没有人能够将日语。斋
藤：我们将派须永先生去。他在美国呆了近 3 年，英语讲得很好，请您放心。哦，我们需
要一封邀请函，请你们尽快发出，以便须永先生能及时得到签证。
黄：我们明天通过业主来办。
斋藤：你们能去机场接一下须永先生吗？
黄：当然可以。
斋藤：顺便问一下，你们收到了操作手册和零件手册了吗？培训时可是用得上它们的。
黄：还没收到。你们的总部说最晚我们十一号能收到。
斋藤：好吧，黄先生，如果您需要我帮忙，请告诉我。
黄：谢谢，斋藤先生，谢谢您打来电话。二、现场
培训---操作
（须永先生正在为中国的操作工演示怎样操作钻岩机车。）
须：首先，我简单介绍一下设备。这种设备是全液压轮胎型双臂台车，是在积累多年
的经验的基础上使用最新的工程技术设计制造而成。它长 11.1 米，宽 2.17 米，
高
2.8 米，总重 18 公吨。
操作工：它的爬坡能力是多少？
须： 15 度。在它爬坡之前，要确保坡度小于这个数，否则，得用一个拉力大的设备助
拉一下，如采用装载机等。
操作工：最小转弯半径呢？我是说外半径。
须： 8 米。为了安全起见，在以这样的半径转弯时必须尽可能的慢。现在咱们一部分
一部分地看看这种设备。它有两个凿岩机…
（在介绍完各部件之后）
须：我想现在你们对它有了一个大概了解，让我们看操作程序。在操作这台设备之前，
第一步是检查机油、液压油、刹车油以及压缩机油，你们必须确保各类油均在油标
尺规定的范围。为了能精确地检查油位，需要将设备放平。如果在加油之后你想重
新检查油位，要等上几分钟，油到油箱需要一定的时间。第二，你得检查一下是否
有松动的螺栓和被损坏的油管。必要时，加固一下放松螺母。在完成这一切之后，
你可以启动引擎。现在我给你买演示一下怎样启动引擎，仔细观察，跟我学：稍微
拉一下控制杆，大约五度，然后把启动开关转到“HS”，…下一步是钻孔作业，是
很关键的一步。当你开到工作面，将台车支腿放下来以稳定机器。接着，你连接水
管与喷气管，这样连接。现在放开卷盘电缆。注意，在打开外接电源主开关之前要
保证一切就绪。控制盘上的电压度数必须达到 380 伏。为了保护机上元件，要预
热机器，直到油温反常指示灯熄灭。现在你可以开始钻孔作业了。仔细看，首先
慢慢地往前推旋转杆，然后…还有一件事要提醒你们，这是一个热带地区，气温
常常很
高，所以，在工作之后，记住要让引擎空转一段时间，使其逐渐冷却，然后再关闭。
二、现场培训---保养与故障排除
（须永先生正在向操作工们演示设备保养与故障排除的方法。）
须：今天我们要看看怎样排除故障与保养。我们厂家生产的设备在销售之前均经过严
格的检查与实验，可以安全使用。然而，设备的性能、安全、工作效率以及使用
寿命在很大程度上取决于日常的操作与保养。你们有操作手册吗？
操作工：有。
须：好，我们一边讲解一边参看手册。如我刚才所说，要保证设备总是在最佳状态工作，
定期保养是十分重要的。我们看看要使设备运行良好须得做那些工作。我们再说
一下液压油，若发现它以变污或混有水汽，要立即换掉。这是你们要记住的第一
点，因为液压油在设备的功能上起着十分重要的作用，你们知道，这是一种液压
设备。机油滤芯和空气滤芯也得定期更换…
操作工：多长时间换一次？
须：机油滤芯在新设备上第一次要 50 工作小时换下，之后每 300 小时换一次。空气
滤芯每 400 小时换一次。现在我们接着看驱动装置部分。每 40 小时给中心轴
承上一次晃悠，并且… 下一步是怎样做故障排除。有时，在作业时会出现一些
问题，首先你得尽力去找到发生故障的地方，假设变低，我们应该检查哪儿？
操作工：我们得检查停车刹车和脚刹车是否完全松开。
须：如果完全松开，我们再检查哪儿？
操作工：我拿不准，也许…
须：你们可以在手册第 81 页的故障排除流程图上找到正确的答案。也就是，我们继续
检查是否有漏油、是否液压油油位太低或受到污染以及吸油管滤芯是否被堵。这样，
如果你们拿不准故障在哪儿，一定要查阅这个流程图寻求帮助。
操作工：我们怎样才能知道设备该大修了？
须：一般来讲，只有像引擎、两个凿岩机以及压缩机这样的单元部件才需要大修。其
它部件仅需要着定期检查和保养而已。你们可以在手册中找到哪些部件需要大修，
使用多长时间才需要大修。大修部件时，你们得与你们从事这种工作的机械工程
师一起干或寻求我的帮助，这是因为一些程序很复杂，需要专有工具，还有问题
吗？
操作工：暂时没有。
须：好，明天我们用这种设备进行实际岩石钻孔。
操作工：我们都等急了。
第七单元管理当地劳务
由于某些原因，承包商不能带到项目业主的国家足够的劳动力，因而须得雇佣当地劳动者。
为了能够获得一支高效率的当地劳动力队伍，尚须做很多工作。
一、雇佣当地劳务
（水电项目需要若干设备操作工和自卸车司机，在报纸上登载了招工广告之后，求职者来到
现场办公室进行面试，张先生正在接待他们。）
求职者：早上好，你们登载广告招收操作工，我是来应聘的，
张：你要找什么工作呀？
求职者：我是一个推土机操作工。所以我想当推土机操作工。
张：对不起，推土机操作工的名额已满。你要早来点就好了。
求职者：真遗憾！
张：如果你愿意，你可以填写一下这个申请表，给我们留下你的电话号码，我们一有你
合适的工作就给你打电话。
求职者：抱歉，我没有电话。我把我的详细地址填到申请表上，你们一旦有我能干的工作
请给我去个信儿。
张：好吧。我希望我们很快给你安排一个工作。
求职者：多谢。
**************************************************************
求职者：劳驾，我在你们的广告上看到你们要招几名自卸车司机，还有名额吗？
张：我们还有两个十轮自卸车司机名额。
求职者：真幸运，我就是要找一份开车的工作。
张：我可以看一下你的驾驶执照吗？求职
者：当然可以，给您。
张：你开这种卡车多少年了？
求职者： 10 年。这是我以前的雇主的推荐信。
张：好。请问，你为什么把那儿的工作给辞了？
求职者：我住在圣依戈纳岫。我以前工作过的那个公司离我家太远，况且，交通也不便。
张：你带身份证了吗？
求职者：带了，给您。
张：社会保险卡呢？
求职者：我以前有一个，上周丢了。如果您雇用我的话，我会去社会保障局再申请一个。
我想一周就能申请下来。
张：好吧，这是申请表。请填写。明天你来这儿驾驶考核一下，若通过，你便成为了
为期两周的试用工，也就是说，我们试用你两周。若在试用期内证明你是一个合
格司机，你就成为了正式工，可以为我们工作到这个项目竣工。
求职者：请问，你们工资是怎样定的？
张：起始工资是一个白班 25 元，夜班 30 元。一个班是 7.5 小时。若加班有加班工
资。如果你干得不错，还会有机会得到加薪。
求职者：我得住在现场营地吗？如果不，每天怎样去工地上班呢？
张：我们为所有工人提供免费交通。你刚才说你住在圣依戈纳岫来着？大部分工人都
来自这个地区。我们在圣依戈纳岫设有班车站，直接送我们的工人来工地上班。
求职者：太好了。那么，我明天几点来参加考核？
张：你明天可以做我们的班车来，开车时间是早上六点半。到后请来找我，我会安排
对你的考核。
求职者：好吧。司机不让我上车怎么办？
张：不用担心，拿着这个条子给司机看一下。
求职者：先生，谢谢，明天见。
张：好，明天见，并祝你好运。
二、与劳工官员会谈
（代表承包商的张先生和代表项目业主的卡森先生正在劳动司的办公室与劳动官员扬先生会
谈，内容是关于一些劳工问题。）
扬：先生们，今天我请你们来是想谈一谈一些劳工问题。最近，我的这个部门收到了一些
在你们的水电项目工作的工人的来信，诉说对他们的待遇不公。他们抱怨时常被少付
工资，工作条件又差。我想了解一下业主和承包商之间的工作关系。
卡：让我先简单说说我们双方的责任范围吧。作为业主，我们是项目投资者，仅负责为项
目提供资金。雇用工人和建设这个项目都有承包商直接负责。合同要求我们在这方面
协助他们。因而，他们负责支付工人并保障工人的福利。
张：是这样。现今，我们的确与当地工人之间不能很好的沟通。其中一个原因就是，由于
语言障碍，中国工人与当地工人之间不能很好的沟通。这里的大部分中国人不懂英语，
这样，就极容易出现考勤错误。这也许就是为什么有些工人的考勤表上漏掉了某些工
作时间。我们正在努力解决这些问题。经理已让我负责管理所有当地工人，从现在起，
如这方面有问题，工人们随时都可以来找我。同时，我们正在对各位中国工长进行短
期英语培训，使他们能够用简单英语与当地工人交流，避免误解。关于当地工人的工
资，我还有一点说明。根据你们国家的有关法律，作为工人们的雇主，我们有责任从
他们的每周工资中扣除社会保险费和个人所得税，并分别上缴给社会保障局和所得税
税务所。因而，在工资单上，工人没有他们认为得到的那么多。
扬：是的，张先生，扣除社会保险费和所得税是合法的。但是，在扣除之前，你们应当对
所有工人都讲明。根据我们这里的做法，所有扣除款项均需在工资单上列明，这样工
人们就知道了他们的实得工资。你知道，工人们对工资都很敏感，因为他们大多数要
养家糊口。如果他们认为少付了他们工资，这会影响到他们的出勤率和工作效率。
张：我非常同意您的看法。我接受您的建议。
扬：工人们的工作条件怎样？
张：我们向所有工人免费提供安全帽和雨衣，同时还免费提供交通。
扬：这还不够。对于这样一个项目，我们的劳工法还要求劳保帆布手套和劳保鞋。
张：好吧。我们提供。
扬：在主要工区备有饮用水吗？
张：我们已经从美国订购了两辆皮卡车，专门用来向各工区送饮用水。车子一到，我们就
投于使用。
扬：工作时间和工资怎么定的？
张：我们现在有两班：上午 7 点到下午 3 点为一班；下午 3 点到晚上 11 点位一班。每
班有半个小时的吃饭时间。吃饭时间短是工人们要求的，这样就可以缩短他们在工
地的时间，提前下班回家。
扬：张先生、卡森先生，听我说，劳动法第 121 章要求午饭时间为 1 个小时，除非得到
劳动专员的批准。
张：卡森先生，请您为我们获得这种批准，好吗？
卡：可以，在我去办理前，请给我一封申请函。
张：杨先生，请您给我一册劳动法，好吗？这样，我就能完整地了解里面的规定了。
卡：我这儿有一册压缩本，给你。
张：谢谢。
扬：我得提醒二位，所有工人每工作 12 个月都享有两周的带薪休假，另外在工作满 60
天之后，他们还享有 16 天的带薪病假，只要他们提供的是有效的医疗证明。有一件
事我请你们注意：如果工人们被要求在节假日工作，要保证他们得到合理的工资。
在劳工法的第 86 章，你可以找到工人应得工资的计算方法。
卡：作为项目业主，我们将敦促承包商遵守一切相关规定。
张：我们将努力使工人对我们满意。
扬：我再次重申，每位雇主都应遵守劳动法，并认真对待工人的福利。在我看来，一支心
情愉快的劳动力在良好的工作环境下会具有很高的劳动效率。
张：我很同意您的观点。
扬：我的部门随时欢迎你们就劳工问题咨询我们。
张：谢谢您的支持。
卡：杨先生，我想请您与专员先生在你们方便的时候来参观我们的项目。
扬：谢谢，我们肯定会来的。
第八单元会议（一）
在工程的施工中，业主与承包商常常定期召开会议，一般是每周或每月召开一次。会议设计
进度、质量、环境保护、现场治安与安全措施等诸多事宜，并希望在会议上使这些问题得以
解决。
一、月进度审议
（项目的顺利进展是保证工程按时竣工的关键。业主始终对这一问题高度重视，这是因为尽
早竣工能及时从项目获得收益，对私营业主来说尤其如此。参加今天会议的有业主方的苏克
南旦先生和肖先生以及承包商方的卞先生、马先生和黄先生。）
苏：我们开始会议，好吗？（大家点头同意。）好。先生们，今天会议的目的是审议与商
谈工程的进度。首先，我想让你们谈一下上个月工作的完成情况，卞先生？
卞：总的来说，现场作业进行顺利，但在一些进口许可证方面存在一定的问题。关于各工
区的施工进展的详细情况，我们请马先生来谈一谈。
马：我们首先从大坝结构说起。关于围堰，我们浇筑了 2600 方混凝土，再需几天便可按计
划完成；在左坝座和坝基处，我们完成了 5000 方的岩石开挖，这些事上个月大坝完成
的工程量。现在我们看隧洞开挖，在 A 支洞，上游工作面我们进尺 120m，下游进尺
80m；我们还打了 590 根岩石锚杆，共用钢筋 4.5t。在 B 支洞，隧洞进尺 40m，锚
杆 750 根，并对 B 支洞洞口用钢支撑进行了加固，在该支洞所耗钢材累计达 15t，
洞子方面的工程量就这么多。现在再看厂房，这里正在进行基础开挖，上个月完成的
工程量是 5000 方。最后要说的是，碎石场已安置完毕，现在正在试运行。
苏：谢谢，马先生。从马先生的讲述中，我们可以看出，大坝结构的进度基本上符合施工
计划，我们对此很满意。你是否开始了进水口的开挖？马先生刚才对此只字没提。在
你方提交我们的施工计划上，进水口的开挖应在上个月的下旬，也就是说三月下旬。
卞：我来解释一下。最近的天气预报说，今年的雨季要比往年来得早，所以我们集中人力
和设备用于第 7 坝块和第 8 坝块的开挖以及威严的混凝土浇筑。如果能及时完成有
关工作，我们就能在雨季到来之前浇筑这两个坝块的第一层，这样能够避免清理雨
季常常发生的大水，甚至是洪水可能冲积到坝基上的杂物和淤泥。再说，进水口开
挖在施工网络图上也不是关键作业。如果我们推迟的时间在时差范围之内，就不会
影响这个工程的竣工时间。
肖：尽管你们对计划的修改听起来是合理的，但合同要求，无论何时你们修改计划，你们
必须向我们提交修改的计划，供我们审批。
卞：这只不过是一个小改动。若你们需要的话，我们这儿有一份给您。
苏：谢谢。不过我还是想提醒你们，一切都要按合同来办。我希望这类事情不再发生。现
在我想谈谈我对隧洞开挖的意见。A 支洞的进度还可以，但 B 支洞的开挖使我颇为担
心。从马先生的报告看，这儿的进度已比计划晚了两周。先生们，我们都很清楚，隧
洞开挖的完成对整个工程能否及时发电起着至关重要的作用。所以我想知道你们为赶
工正在采取的措施。
马: 根据你方提供的地质报告，B 支洞的地质应为状况很好的花岗岩。随着洞口明挖的进行，
却发现是风化岩，所以我们须对此作特殊处理。从我们消耗的钢筋量上，你们可以看
出，为了开始 B 支洞的开挖我们付出了多大的努力。不管怎样，开挖工作已走上正轨。
卞：至于具体的措施，为了加快进度，我们对支洞的开挖开始采用了两班制，我们一从此
支洞到达主洞，就立即实行三班倒。我相信，我们双方良好的合作和理解将能克服一
切困难与障碍，并使项目得以顺利进展。
肖：开三班是不错，但根据我的了解与经验，随着我们往下游的推进，你们很可能遇到越
来越多的积水，另外，雨季也快来临了，这个季节的大水随时都可能漫过围堰冲入厂
房基坑。所以我得提醒你们要在现场备有足够适用的水泵，以便大水发生之后有充分
的排水能力。
马：谢谢。我们也注意到这个问题。
苏：谈到水泵，我想了解一下你们材料和设备的供应状况。现在怎么样？
卞：我们请黄先生回答这个问题。
黄：截止到三月底，我们采购并运至现场 20000 加仑燃料，300t 钢材，1800 立方英尺木
材，以及 800t 水泥。另外还购买了 100 个各类型轮胎。所有这些供货都保证了工程
的顺利进行。但由于进口许可证的问题，我们从美国订购的第二批炸药及一批水泵和
备件已到港但不能及时清关，工地库存的炸药马上就要用完，一些设备和卡车也急需
备件。
卞：实际情况正如黄先生所说，如果这些物品在两周内运不到工地，所有开挖作业不得不
停下来，从而在很大程度上将影响整个工程的施工进度。我们一周前向你方呈交了许
可证申请书，但至今也没得到答复。
苏：备件与轮胎的进口许可证我已经拿到了，这儿就是。至于炸药的进口许可证，的确存
在一定的问题。从 3 月 1 日开始，有关进口危险品的一项法律生效了，炸药属于这个
范围之列。该法律对颁发有关进口许可证的程序规定得更加复杂，限制得也更严，这
很可能是由于最近政府政策的变化的缘故。可以说要想办成这件事，得过层层关卡。
我多次给主管部门打电话催促此事，昨天得到回答，说我下周四可以获得许可证。你
们放心，我一拿到许可证，就立即给你们。
卞：那样的话，我们还得等上几天。我希望不要耽搁我们太久。
苏：卞先生，在你们国家办事是否同样要经过层层关卡，这个问题也许不是那么恰当，当
然了，你可以不予回答。
卞：情况正好相反，你们现在是这样而我们过去式这样。（笑）好了，苏克南旦先生，我
们谈正经的，我们还需一个许可证。你知道，随着施工的进展，工地上所安装的电
话看起来不太够用，所以，我们想社对讲机通讯系统。我希望你们能为我们获得这
方面的许可证。越快越好。
苏：我想这不成问题。一周之内肯定给你拿到。
卞：谢谢，我们之间良好的合作有助于这一项目的成功。
苏：卞先生，我可以向你们保证，作为项目的业主代表，在项目的实施中，我将始终如一
地支持你们。我也相信，通过我们双方的努力，这个项目肯定能成功。
卞：我也是这样认为。
二、质量控制
第九单元会议（二）
（质量是保证施工项目成功的关键因素之一。由于近来在施工中出现一些质量缺陷，业主代
表苏克南旦先生在现场召开了一次特别会议。）
苏：先生们，我们的驻地工程师和我本人最近注意到，随着施工作业的加快，你们在工作
中放松了对遵循规范施工和工作质量的要求。现在我们的驻地工程师哈里逊先生给大
家先说一下他在工地各工区发现的情况。
哈：在本月的 18 日和 19 日，我在大坝结构处蹲点，观察第九坝块第一层的混凝土浇筑
工作。在浇筑现场，我在你方试验工程师周先生的协助下，进行了一次塌落度试验，
结果发现水灰比不符合规范的要求。在厂房处，沿尾水管一边，发生了立模放线偏
差严重的现象。这导致了混凝土的裂缝与凸面。由于压实和振捣不充分，还可在混
凝土中看到“蜂窝”区。还是在厂房，正在铺设的电缆预埋管网的各管之间间距太
小。它们之间的间距至少要等于最大骨料的大小，这样才能恰当结合以避免在混凝
土中产生弱结合面。
苏：卞先生，我想问问你对此有何看法？
卞：作为承包商的项目经理，我深信质量是整个工程的生命，我们在工作中始终把它放在
第一位来抓。不幸的是，质量事故还是发生了，如哈里逊先生刚才所说的。关于这些
问题，我们请我方的总工马先生详细地介绍一下我们的补救措施。
马：关于第 8 坝块的浇筑问题，在试验结果一出来，我就得知了。我们按哈里逊先生的命
令立即暂停了浇筑工作并将不合格的配料清离该坝块，哈里逊先生当时在场。同时我
们的技术员调查了问题的原因，发现拌合楼的电子控制系统出了故障。他们很快将其
修复。浇筑作业在暂停 45 分钟之后又重新开始。关于立模放线失准的问题，我们在
仔细研究之后，已决定由之引起的有缺陷的混凝土将用风钻打掉。至于轻微的“蜂
窝” 区，我们将进行特殊处理，达到你方满意。
苏：你们计划何时修复？
卞：明天。
苏: 最后一个问题你们打算怎样解决？
卞：实际上，我们是严格按照你方工程师颁发的施工图纸来做这项工作的。请您查阅一下
第 MJ-7 号图纸好吗？
马：关于预埋管间距，哈里逊先生刚才说的有些道理，但根据我的施工经验，如果采用特
殊的混凝土配料并恰当地控制浇筑程序，弱结合面是能够避免的。
苏：我回去查查图纸，今天下午与我的顾问工程师就此事商量一下。但现在指示你方暂停
这部分工程的工作。
卞：好吧，苏克南旦先生，我们接受您的指示，但请你给我们一个书面确认好吗？
苏：这件事我留给哈里逊先生。
哈：会后我很快发给你们。
卞：好吧，苏克南旦先生，我们将从这些问题中吸收教训并加强我方的质保体系。
苏：我再次重申，现在的施工作业已到了关键阶段，而厂方又是整个项目发电能力的一个
关键部分。我希望你么的现场管理人员对各施工队伍要严格监理，恰当协调，决不能
在质量上马虎大意。
哈：我还要提醒你们要注意混凝土的养护与施工材料的存放问题，尤其是钢筋的存放。
马：我们将加强这方面的工作。
卞：的确，我们面临着一个紧迫的竣工期，不得不加快施工进度，但我们加快进度决不能
以质量为代价。我相信，只要双方努力，工程不仅能按时竣工而且会达到上乘的质量。
第十单元会议（三）
三、现场治安与安全
（为了避免工程项目的损失，承包商应特别注意施工现场的治安与安全。一般地，须仔细编
制一个治安与安全计划，以防止事故发生和材料被盗的现象，同时还防范对工程的人为破坏。
今天，苏克南旦先生与卞先生正在商讨该项目的治安与安全计划。）
苏：卞先生，我已审阅了你方上周提交的治安与安全计划。总体说，是可以接受的，但还
有些不足。
卞：我想听听您的建议。
苏：在计划中规定，在工地大门要有两名值班人员看守，这不够，还需要 4 个，两个守卫
炸药仓库，两个在主要工区及边界巡游。
卞：我同意在炸药仓库处再设两名看守，因为这个区域为工区重地。至于巡游的两名，我
想仅在夜间需要。
苏：这种安排可以，但所有值班人员必须是职业保安，不能从普通平民中雇用。
卞：您能建议我们到哪里雇用这些职业保安吗？
苏：当地有一个公司叫威肯哈特，是专门提供保安服务的，它的人员个个训练有素，又很
有经验。
卞：我们正需要这样的保安，我会与这家公司联系。
苏：还有，在现场周围和“危险品”处必须有“闲人莫入”字样的警告牌。
卞：好，我们立即布置。
苏：关于现场安全作业，我想补充一些内容，即：所有人员，包括被许可进入现场的来访
人员，必须带安全帽和穿劳保鞋，这是一项必须遵守，这是第一；第二，在焊接与焚
烧处必须备有灭火器；第三，梯子和脚手架必须为标准的商业产品或合适的板材在现
场制作，从树丛中砍伐的原木不得使用；第四，所有爆破作业必须由持有当地有关部
门颁发的爆破证书的爆破工进行；最后同等重要一点是，除了现场上设立医疗站之外，
在主要工区还必须有急救站，并配有适当的设备。
卞：谢谢您提的这些建议，苏克南旦先生。我希望你们能允许我们用从丛林中砍伐的原木
制作一些临时设施。
苏：可以，但事先必须经过我们的批准。
卞：您还有其它建议吗？
苏：说实在的，我最关心的是洞挖作业的安全问题。你们计划采取什么事故防范措施？卞：
的确，隧洞开挖时一项极端危险的作业。我们充分认识到可能发生的事故，比如说塌
方、涌水、窒息和电击等。对此，我们将采取相应的措施，并已指定一名地质工程师，
他的具体工作是观察岩层的状况，另外，还做一些其他方面的安全工作，洞内按有警
报系统。如果开挖中遇到风化岩或断层，我们将边开挖边衬砌。
苏：卞先生，这是我做不愿意提的事，但倘若在开挖作业中出现事故，你们将采取什么特
别措施？
卞：我们已订购了一辆救护车，专门应付紧急事故。
苏：为了保险起见，我建议你们与附近的医院提前联系，与他们作出安排，他们总是愿意
尽最大力量给予协助。一旦发生严重事故，他们就会立即派救护车和医护人员到达出
事地点。
卞：这个建议很好。
苏：卞先生，安全可不是小事，它关系到这个项目以及我们双方的声誉和形象。我希望能
引起你们的注意。
卞：作为一个有经验的承包商，声誉对我们来说至关重要。另外，经验证明，如果安全防
范做得好，它不但不耽搁进度，相反，它将有助于工程的顺利进展，因为一个施工队
伍事故发生少，它的效率就更高，工作更见成效。
第十一单元会议（四）
四、环境保护
（由于环境已成为当今世界上一个备受关注的问题，工程实施所在国都十分重视环境保护。
在今天的会议上计划要讨论的是有关项目的环境保护事宜。当地环境保护局的监察员卢卡斯
先生参加了这次会议，并就该项目有关环保执行情况询问了业主代表苏克南旦先生和承包商
的项目经理卞先生。）
苏：卞先生，我想你还没见过卢卡斯先生吧，卢卡斯先生是环保局的监察员。卢卡斯先生，
这是卞先生，这个项目的承包商的项目经理。
卞：欢迎您到我们项目来，卢卡斯先生，见到您很荣幸。
卢：谢谢，卞先生。很高兴能有机会到这儿来。
苏：卢卡斯先生希望了解一下项目进行中的环境保护情况。
卢：是的，这正是我来这儿的原因。这个项目对我们国家来说很重要，但是，附近社区的
一些居民对施工中可能对环境造成的不利影响极为担心。我想问问你们采取了哪些环
保措施？
卞：苏克南旦先生和我为此事磋商了好几次，双方对这个问题都十分重视。从工程一开始，
我们就学习了政府所颁布的环保条例，并针对这个项目指定了相应周密的计划，列出
了参与项目的所有人员应遵循的环保规则，如保护有关土地、周围植被，尤其是玛卡
尔河河水。
卢：您能将你们的措施谈得再具体一点吗？
卞：为了避免漏油及垃圾造成的污染，我们设立了各类的废物处理设施。根据苏克南旦先
生的指示，我们在工区附近搭建了若干厕所。我们在防止玛卡尔河河水受污染方面作
出了更大的努力。空水泥袋、纸板箱以及其它废物等及时从河岸清理走以免散落到河
里。至于从我们拌合楼的人工砂石系统排出的污水，在被排到河里之前均进行特别处
理。
卢：你们是怎么特别处理的呢？
卞：我们设置了一个由三个单元格组成的网格状沉淀池系统，从砂子与骨料冲洗机出来的
污水首先沿安装设有过滤装置的排水沟进入第一个单元格进行初次沉淀；在间隔 24 小
时之后，再流入第二个单元格，在此对污水进行化学处理，让石粉沉淀；最后，经处
理过的水通过第三个单元格才流入河里。沉积泥沙定期清理，并在恰当地点加以处理。
卢：很好。但你们怎样保证这一计划得以实施？
卞：我们已指定一位人员全权负责此项工作，监管和审查各施工队执行这一工作的情况。
当然了，我们始终接受业主的监督。
苏：是的。
卢：我到现场看看可以吗？
苏：我们时刻欢迎您到现场参观。
卞：现场参观之后，您就可以回去告诉那些忧心忡忡的居民们，这个项目不但对他们无害，
相反，它将改善他们的生活条件。
第十二单元支付
对一个建设项目，合同价格的支付常分为期中支付与最终支付，支付程序颇为复杂。为了在
施工期间收到进度款，承包商须得在每个工作月末之后提交一份每月报表，申请付款。一、
商定每月报表
（在向业主代表苏克南旦先生提交每月报表之前，报表格式须经其批准。承包商项目经理的
助手张先生正在与他谈报表的格式。）
张：苏克南旦先生，这是我们初步拟定的每月报表格式，请您审查一下，看看行不行。
苏：我得先看一遍再说，如果你忙的话，我看完后附上我的意见派人给你送去。
张：若您不介意的话，我愿意在这儿等一会。
苏：那好，您请坐。
张：我希望今天上午能把这个格式定下来。
苏：我也希望如此。我想我 15 分钟就能看完，我随后就可把我的意见给你。来杯咖啡怎
样？张：谢谢。
苏：（审完之后）好了，张先生，这个格式总体上还可以，不过，格式中的第一项“完成
的工程价值”应分成两项，一项为永久工程，另一项为临时工程。
张：谢谢，苏克南旦先生，明天下午我来给您送来按此修改的格式编制的本月份报表。您
看行吗？
苏： 3 点以后都可以。
张：我们什么时间能收到这笔款项？
苏：如果报表没有问题，我随后向我们总部和财会部门开具支付证书。大概在我拿到报表
后 30 天内，这笔款项将汇到你们的账户上，最晚也不超过 56 天。
张：好吧，我们可是等着这笔款呢。最好快点。
二、付款金额不对
（由于支付证书上的金额要经过复杂的计算，因而就容易出问题。张先生现在在业主的现场
办公室，对按本月报表从业主处收到的支付款项的数额向苏克南旦先生提出问题。）
苏：张先生，你们收到 10 月份的付款没有？
张：我还不知道，银行还没有通知我们。多谢您及时签发了第 6 号支付证书，苏克南旦先
生，但遗憾的是，我们发现金额不对。
苏：哦，是吗？
张：在这个证书中，应付给我们的款项的 10%被你们扣掉用来偿还预付款，但我们认为不
应该扣。
苏：业主可是有权利通过减扣每次进度款的 10%偿还来收回的预付款的。
张：不错，但根据合同，只有当已支付的全部金额达到合同价格的 30%之后才能开始减扣。
苏：你们现在累计得到的款项已经达到这个数额了。
张：是这样，但在这点上，我们与你们的理解不同。在第 60 条“预付款的偿还”中使用
的是“之后”这个措辞，所以我们认为，合同隐含的意思是扣款应从下一个证书开始。
苏：也许“之后”这个词在这儿用得不当，的确很容易造成误解。可是这个期中支付证书
已经送交我们总部的财会部门了。我看这样吧，这个证书中的金额不再更改了，我们
在下个月的支付证书中不作减扣。你看怎样？
张：可以接受，更改这个证书的金额太麻烦了。项目要顺利，良好的合作是关键。
苏：多谢你的理解。
张：苏克南旦先生，还有件事我想与您谈谈，是关于保留金的。截止到现在，从以前的全
部支付证书中扣除的保留金的累计额已到达保留金总额的一半。是否有这种可能，我
们用一份银行保函来替代你们已扣的保留金？也就是说，我们向你们提交一份等额的
保函，你们把已扣的保留金给我们。你知道，施工到这个阶段我们需要更多的周转资
金。
苏：这涉及我们整个的融资安排。我个人并不反对这种做法，只要保函是无条件的，开证
行也可以接受的话。但这个问题超越了我的权力，我得请示总部批准。
张：从总部得到回答后，请您立即告诉我们好吗？
苏：我 7 天给你们答复。
张：谢谢。
第十三单元政府官员参观现场
由于电力项目对一个国家的经济发展起着非常重要的作用，政府总是给于高度重视。政府官
员常去现场参观，了解项目的进行情况，表达他们对项目的支持，但有时也提出某些关于项
目的令人关注的问题。
一、去现场
（自然资源部部长布鲁斯先生与项目经理卞先生约定今天去参观现场。布鲁斯先生到达了现
场办公室，卞先生和张先生正在那里等候。）
卞：欢迎您到我们项目来，布鲁斯先生。
布：谢谢。
卞：这是我的助理，张先生。
布：很高兴见到你，张先生。
张：进到您也很高兴，布鲁斯先生。您能来访，我们十分荣幸。我们现在去工地，好吗？
布：好。
卞：恐怕进场道路不太好走。我们乘坐我的“野马”吧，它是四轮驱动的，马力很大。希
望您不介意。
布：当然不介意，我们去的可是工地呀。工地离这儿有多远？
张：大约 2.5 英里。
布：我们走。
（去现场的路上）
布：（看到有些工人正在沿路树立电线杆）我想他们是在为了这个项目架设输电线路吧。
卞：事实上，这是整个项目的一部分，我们把它分包给当地的一个承包商了。除了这个输
电线路以外，我们还有三个工区：大坝引水结构，厂房和隧洞。您想先去看哪个工区？
布：请先去大坝吧。这个项目的装机容量是多大？
卞：将安装 3 台机组，每台 20 万千瓦，总装机容量将达到 60 万千
瓦。布：工程何时竣工？
张：根据合同，应该在明年 12 月份。
卞：如果一切顺利，我们可望提前 2 个月完工。
布：很好。你知道，这个国家自然资源很丰富，尤其森林与水果。另一方面，许多人却无
工作可做，我们想开发我们的工业来解决失业问题，但我们缺少电力。所以，这个项
目对我们至关重要。出于这个原因，我个人支持这一项目。
卞：这个项目一旦建成，你们可以建一些木材和水果加工厂。这些工厂应有助于解决失业
问题。
布：我们也是这样设想的。
二、在工地
（他们现在在大坝。卞先生和张先生正在介绍整个结构。工人们在忙碌着浇筑大坝混凝土。）
卞：这是坝址。我们正在浇筑左岸的混凝土，右岸长在开挖。您看，工人们正在浇筑第 8
坝块的第 5 层。
布：坝高多少？
张： 42m，也就是大约 130 英尺。
布：这个可是巨大的工程。我想大坝建成后水库一定淹没大片地域吧。
卞：您说的对。
布：先生们，虽然我们十分支持这个项目，我对这个地域的生态平衡颇为担心。我们这条
河流中有一些珍贵的鱼类，还有鳄鱼。
卞：在我们的工程设计中我们都已考虑了所有这些问题，并在施工中一直采取一定措施，
例如，我们在引水结构中建了一个鱼道。我们将尽最大努力把对环境的不利影响降低
到最小的限度。为了表示我们对当地人民的友善，我们已经向自然动物园捐了些钱。
布：这样做很好。顺便问一下，这个工程要消耗多少水泥？
卞：在 15000t 以上。所以，我们是在现场拌合混凝土，而不是用商用混凝土，这样更经济。
为什么不去看看我们的拌合楼呢？就在前面 150m。
布：好主意。
（在拌合楼）
布：那两个庞然大物是什么？
张：是水泥罐，就是储存水泥的地方。
卞：这是拌合楼的中心部分，搅拌设施。它全部用计算机程序控制。
布：（在看了现场技术人员操作之后）真了不起！这些骨料和砂子是从哪儿来的呢？
张：我们有自己的人工砂石系统，它紧靠着拌合楼，看…
布：一切都是这么井然有序。
卞：谢谢。
布：那是什么？
张：是进水口，就是将水引入隧洞的地方。
布：整个隧洞有多长？
张： 4 英里，不包括支洞。
布：洞子有多大？
卞：直径 15m，相当于…
张：约合 50 英尺。
卞：我们去仔细看看好吗？
布：好，我们走。
第十四单元大年除夕宴请
大年除夕到了，所有项目人员放假两天。中国的工作人员有的忙着理发，有的忙着在他们的
宿舍门上贴春联，来迎接新年的来临。项目经理卞先生可没有他们那么轻松愉快，他在借此
机会邀请业主的现场管理人员共进晚餐，对他们的合作表示感谢以及希望进一步改善工作关
系。
一、共进晚餐
（苏克南旦先生和他的咨询顾问肖先生准时来赴宴。卞先生和张先生在招待他们。）
张：请坐。
卞：今天，我们请你们吃一顿典型的中餐。
苏：多谢你们的盛情。
肖：我们给你们带来了一瓶“黑方”，说得准确些，是给我们大家喝的。
张：谢谢，你们看，我们也为今天的宴请备了些中国的白葡萄酒。
苏：好极了！我喜欢喝中国的白葡萄酒。
（几道菜已上）
肖：看起来都挺不错。能为我们谈一下这些菜吗？
卞：这是香酥鸡，这是炒蟹黄，那是烧茄子…您看这个：这是饺子，中国北方大年除夕晚
餐家家都吃。请来点。
肖：（尝过之后）真好吃！看起来与汤圆差不多，但别有风味…
张：鱼来了！
苏：这个鱼可真大！（尝过之后）这鱼的确味道鲜美！
张：那就请再来一些。我们吃大年除夕的晚餐总是离不开鱼，尤其在中国的南方。
苏：为什么？
张：我们都爱吃鱼，另外，在汉语里，“鱼”这个字与“余”这个字发音相同，所以，
“鱼” 就是富裕的象征。
卞：中国有句老话，“年年有鱼”，这与“年年有余”发音一模一样。
肖：好奇妙的语言！
苏：那么，我谨在此提议在这儿的所有中国朋友在即将到来的中国新年里德富裕干杯。
卞：为我们的友好合作以及项目的成功干杯！
大家：干杯！
二、饭后交谈
（晚餐完毕之后，大家看起来兴致都很高，个个畅所欲
言。）
苏：我们来时看到有些中国人正在他们的宿舍门上张贴什么，这是不是你们欢度节日的特
有的方式？
张：他们贴的是我们所说的春联，春节来临之前，我们常常在我们的门上或家具上张贴春
联来祝我们有一个美好幸福的新年。
卞：人们更常常把汉语中表示“好运”的“福”字倒贴。
肖：这真有意思，为什么倒贴呢？
卞：在汉语中，“倒”的发音与“到”发音相同，当我们把“福”倒贴是，它预示着我们
的好运要到了。
肖：中国的语言真是妙不可言！
苏：在中国你们是怎样欢度中国新年的？
张：一般说来有好多亲戚朋友之间的宴请与拜访，还有各种娱乐活动。
苏：我猜想要放好多烟火吧。
张：过去是这样，但现在许多大城市为了避免火灾禁放烟火。不过我们还有许多其它娱乐
节目，如舞龙耍狮、观彩车、演杂技以及踩高跷。
苏：我真希望我能在中国过春节。
肖：在我们国家的元旦这一天，我们见面相互问候“新年好！”，就像我们圣诞时问候
“圣诞快乐”一样，你们中国人在春节时见面是怎样问候的呢？
卞：有好些问候方式，最常说的是“春节愉快！”和“恭喜发财！”
苏：那好，既然我们不会说汉语，我们就用英语说“祝你们有一个愉快的春节”。
肖：也祝你们工程进展顺利！
卞：谢谢，在即将来临的中国新年里，我们衷心希望能继续得到你们的合作与支持。
第十五单元施工索赔
在国际工程施工承包中，有许多因素可导致承包商向业主索赔，其中有对合同文件的不同理
解；业主颁发图纸与指示的拖延；现场条件的变化以及不可抗力。
一、关于进场道路的索赔
（在业主从承包商处收到一项关于进场道路的索赔之后，业主代表苏克南旦先生和他的咨询
顾问召开了一个会议，承包商的项目经理卞先生和他的助手张先生参加了这次会议。）
卞：我们昨天呈交给你方的信不知道您看过没有？
苏：我们已经看过了，我们今天在此就是对你方信中所提问题表明我们的立场。
卞：我们想听听您的看法。
苏：我们相信为你们所提供的进场道路是符合合同规定的，在这方面，你方没有理由索赔
附加费用和要求延期。
卞：请您查阅一下合同条件第 4 条好吗？它明确规定，应免费向承包商及其分包商提供可
供其使用的进场道路。
苏：不错，可进场道路的施工已经完毕，你方于 1992 年 3 月 15 日也接收了。这就是说，
从那时起，这条道路已经供你方使用。
张：在我们接收道路之前，我们告知你方其中某些路段没有达到合同规定的标准，并要求
你方对道路作相应的改进，但至今没有看到你方的反应。由于这种情况，我们花费了
好大力气来协助运输散装水泥及重型设备的车辆通过这条道路上的危险地点，所以我
们不认为这条道路已免费提供我们，因为协助运输不仅使我们多花了钱，而且也费了
好些时间。在我们致你方的第 C-9214 号信函中我们已经表明这一立场。
肖：按我们的理解，合同中“供…使用”这一措辞的意图是业主为承包商提供基本符合要
求的进场道路。再者，你方已经使用这条道路好几个月了。
卞：就这样一个水电工程而言，当我们谈到合同中“供…使用”这一措辞时，它应被解释
为，在正常条件下，为实施工程之目的，道路是可以通行的，包括运输所有材料及重
型设备。这也是国际惯例。而事实上，运输水泥与设备的车辆总是在道路的某些地点
受阻不能前行，关于这一点，张先生刚才已经谈到了。
苏：我们意识到你方所付出的努力和时间，然而，对处于这样的位置的一个大且复杂的项
目而言，所花费的这点时间和努力也是常见的。尽管这样，我们愿意给予你们 7 天的
工期作为对你方的一揽子补偿，但费用方面我们不予理赔。这是我方提出的解决方法，
我们不能再退让了。
卞：虽然 7 天的工期补偿不足以弥补我们的实际损失，我们接受你方的方案，撤回我们的
费用赔偿，但有一个条件，道路必须定期养护，两个难行地段必须立即修补改进。
苏：我想是在 4 号山与 5 号山处吧。
张：对。
苏：（在与肖先生商量之后）好吧，我们将按你方要求尽可能快地改进整个道路的路况以
及降低有关地段的高程。
二、关于洪水导致的索赔
（由于近来发生洪水，业主与承包商各自的现场管理人员对有关索赔信函来往多次和几经长
时间的磋商，双方仍未达成一致意见。为此，根据安排，业主和承包商各自派遣他们的副总
裁弗拉格先生和关先生来到这一项目直接进行谈判，设法解决这一问题。）
弗：关先生，自从上次在北京见到您已经快一年了，您的情况怎么样？
关：就是很忙，在过去的一年里，我们公司在世界各地获得很多合同，我一直飞来飞去检
查这些项目的进展情况。您呢，弗拉格先生？
弗：和您一样，也是忙，但我还是一直想着再次去北京。（半开玩笑地）我很想念北京烤鸭。
好了，我们还是回到今天的议题上来吧。我希望我们今天能共同努力，找到一个双方
都能接受的解决方案。
关：我也正是这样想的。
弗：我同意你方的说法，经历重重困难，你们终于使项目得以顺利进展。我谨代表我个人
对你们所付出的努力表示感谢。
关：说真的，我们对你方的反应感到失望。6 月 12 日和 24 日的两次洪水使我们遭受了
很大损失，这一点，您可以从我们的现场同期纪录和索赔计算中看出。恐怕如果我
们的索赔得不到理赔，这将很可能损害项目的顺利进行。
弗：来这儿之前，我阅读了你方关于要求费用和工期补偿的全部函件。的确，由于河水上
涨，你方蒙受了损失；但造成这些损失的部分原因是由于你方现场作业不当，这也是
事实。我对所发生的事件深表遗憾，可是，你方索赔的太多。
关：我确信，我们关于费用和工期补偿的要求是合理的。不管怎么说，我想先听听您的意
见。
弗：我不喜欢拐弯抹角，我们同意给予你方 2 个月的延期和 10 万美元，作为对你方全部
损失的补偿。这是我方的最终理赔了，我相信这一方案是公平合理的。
关：弗拉格先生，感谢您提出的这一方案。2 个月的延期我们能够接受，但你方的费用补
偿大大低于我们的索赔额，而这一金额是基于我们的实际损失得出的。
弗：关先生，我不得不说这是我们所能做的最大的妥协了。要解决这项索赔，双方都得作
出让步才可。
关：我承认你方迈出了一步，但步子太小。我们始终希望能与你方保持一个良好的工作关
系；我们始终希望能够你方交付一个成功的项目，但我们也希望得到公平合理的报偿。
如果必要，我们可以通过仲裁来解决这项索赔。
弗：既然已谈到了这里，我可以将补偿金额增加到 15 万美元。这的确是我们能够给予你
方的最终补偿了。若你方不接受这一方案，我们也只有将此问题提交仲裁了。
关：本着相互理解和利于我们将来合作的精神，我们接受您的这一方案，尽管这笔金额远
不能弥补我们的损失。
弗：我赞成您所讲的相互理解和合作的精神。我将就今天所达成的一致意见起草一份合同
补遗，然后交给您，由您审查之后签字。
关：谢谢，您的亲自到来使我们最终能够解决了这一问题，感谢您的合作。
弗：在剩下的 14 个月内，我们相信你们有能力顺利完成整个工程。
关：有你们的合作和帮助，我也完全有信心我们能成功地完成这一项目。到时候，我将再
次邀请您到北京。
弗：做什么？
关：吃北京烤鸭呀!
第十六单元组建联营体
在国际工程承包市场上，两个或多个公司组成联营体对一项大型工程投标是屡见不鲜的，因
为这将使它们更具有竞争性，从而中标的机会就更大，中标后成功实施合同的可能性也越高。
一、提议组建联营体
（当地的一家建筑公司的总经理戴利在参观了项目现场之后，他正与卞先生探讨组建联营体
共同为另一工程项目投标的可能性。）
戴：这个项目个我留下很深的印象，一切都组织的那么井井有条。
卞：谢谢您的夸奖。
戴：卞先生，这个工程还需多长时间完成？我看马上就要到最后阶段了。
卞：基本竣工最多再需 6 个月，您是否有点个人想法吗？
戴：我在想我们是否有可能组成联营体来投标…
卞：投标莫潘电力项目？
戴：您倒抢先说出来了，卞先生，您是怎么知道的？
卞：你知道，我们可是一家国际承包商，我们始终注视着新的业务机会。
戴：这是一个泛美开发银行贷款项目，如果国际承包商与我们国内承包商组建联营体，在
评标时，他们将有资格比其它投标者获得 7.5%的优惠。
卞：您说的不错，我赞同这个想法。不过，您能给我一份详细的你们公司介绍吗？我得向
我们公司总部汇报，请求批准才行。
戴：当然可以，我们要成为工作伙伴，是应该相互了解一下。我从《工程新闻纪录》中了
解到你们是全世界 225 家大承包商之一，声誉很好。我们虽说不是，但也是最好的承
包商之一。
卞：好吧，戴利先生，这个计划一得到我们总部批准，我就立即告知您，然后我们可以进
一步探讨双方合作的可能性。
戴：谢谢，我静候佳音。
二、联营体协议谈判
（在从总部得到批准之后，卞先生再次邀请戴利先生具体地磋商联营体协议一事。）
卞：戴利先生，上次我们谈到您提议我们双方为莫潘项目组成联营体一事。我们总部同意
您的建议，特授权我与您洽谈此事。
戴：这的确是佳音，卞先生。您有些什么想法呢？
卞：首先，我们须把这次合作的目的明确，也就是说，双方同意共同为莫潘项目准备和递
交投标。
戴：你方准备为这次合作提供多少资金？
卞：这个国家对联营体的外方出资比例有规定吗？
戴：没有什么具体的规定，但习惯上牵头方应为出资多的一方。
卞：我方愿意成为联营体的牵头方，对联营体的所需资金，我们可以出资一半以上，比如
说 55%。
戴：卞先生，如果我没理解错的话，你方的出资包括现金、施工设备和其它临时设施吧。
卞：没错。
戴：我想你们将提供你方的玛卡尔项目的现场设备和设施，那我们怎样对它们的实际价值
进行估价呢？
卞：您问得好！这些价值可以由我们双方共同确定。为了能使估价客观公正，若有必要，
我们也可以邀请一第三方参加。
戴：可以。那么，我方将提供 45%的资金。我想我得跟您讲明，我方没有外汇，所以只能
提供当地货币。
卞：那么，若分享任何利润时，你方也只能获得相应的当地币。货币兑换所使用的比价按
业主招标文件中的规定执行。
戴：我同意。有关合同所发生的一切利润、损失和负债均按我们各自的出资比例由双方分
担。
卞：这是我们协议的基础。
戴：联营体实行什么样的管理形式呢？
卞：我考虑建立一个联营体执行委员会，作为最高权力机构，来进行总体决策和处理重大
事宜，如现场总负责人的任命，对财务报表的批准等。
戴：执行委员会主席怎样任命？
卞：主席由牵头公司任命，这样做是符合常理的。
戴：如果我们中标，那么项目实施中的各方总体责任怎样划分呢？
卞：这个我还没有仔细想，不过考虑到你们是当地公司，有很多关系，所以我建议你方负
责当地劳务的招募与管理以及处理有关对外事务。
戴：还有，如果我方来负责材料和设备采购，我们同样会做得很出色，我们对市场很了解。
卞：戴利先生，我们下次再谈这儿问题，好吗？
戴：好吧，今天的磋商我们可是收获不小呀。
卞：您说得对，我们了解了各自的情况，对许多事项达成了共识。戴利先生，我们下周再
碰面，谈谈我们的联营体协议的其它事宜好吗？若有可能，我想拜访一下您的公司。
戴：我也正想这样办，我们下次的商谈就在我们公司，这样，你同时还能加深对我们公司
的了解，关于商谈的日期，我会打电话给您。
卞：好，谢谢。
第十七单元工程验收
在项目的实施过程中，工程验收无论对承包商还是对业主而言都是十分重要的一个步骤。合
同中常规定，工程一旦达到基本竣工，承包商就可向业主发出通知，着手准备将工程移交给
业主。随后，验收程序开始。
一、工程已准备好验收
（在业主的现场办公室，苏克南旦的秘书詹纳斯小姐正在给苏克南旦和肖先生念承包商的一
封信。）
詹：（正在念）…我们很高兴地通知你方，我们认为整个工程按合同已达到基本竣工。毫
无疑问，你们希望到现场检查来证实工程已基本竣工，并安排有关实验。我们期待着
收到你发签发的并在其上面书明基本竣工工期的移交证书…
苏：好消息！我们为什么不把卞先生请到我们办公室来详细谈一下工程的验收检验与试验
计划呢？
肖：好，验收是得有一个周密的计划。
苏：詹纳斯小姐，请给我接通卞先生，我想今天下午跟他会谈。
詹：是，苏克南旦先生。（打完电话）卞先生现在不在他的办公室，他在厂房，我已留话，
让他一回到办公室就给您回话。
苏：好，谢谢。
（下午，卞先生和张先生在苏克南旦的办公室开会。）
苏：卞先生，很高兴得知工程已准备好验收。
卞：我们已完成了第 3 台机组的安装，也就是最后一台机组的安装。我们认为工程业已基
本竣工。
苏：那么，我们该拟定一个工程验收计划了。
张：我们带来了一份计划，它包括一个工程各部分检查与试验的时间表。给您。
苏：谢谢。计划内包括的内容有：验收时间表，竣工图纸，还有一份要检查与试验的各部
分的清单。
肖：我们同样需要安装到工程上的设备与仪器的技术资料，包括操作维护手册。
苏：对，这些资料不提交我们，工程还不能被认为已基本竣工。
张：这些文件我们都为你们准备好了。
肖：你们认为还有什么未完成的工作吗？
卞：还有点，不过都是些扫尾工作，象恢复地表面等。
苏：我的意见是，验收分两个阶段：第一阶段，在你方技术人员的协助下，我们的专家组
将检查完工的工程，看看他们是否满意。如果一切正常，我们进入第二阶段，也就是
对合同中规定的设备和仪器进行性能试验。
卞：我同意。
肖：你们编制好记录验收结果的表格没有？
张：还没有，不过明天就能完成。到时候我给您拿来。
苏：你们想何时开始验收？
卞：你们一准备好就开始。
苏：给我们 3 天的时间，我们得做些准备工作。
卞：这么说验收检查本月 19 日开始。
苏：对。
二、我们不同意你们的基本竣工日期
（整个验收程序进行顺利，共持续 5 天。苏克南旦先生与卞先生及他们各自的技术人员正
在讨论竣工报告和移交证书的有关事宜。）
苏：先生们，我很高兴告诉大家，整个工程已经通过全部试验，我们的工程师对试验结果
非常满意。然而，验收中也发现了几处小缺陷和一些扫尾工作尚待完成。卞先生，你
们打算怎样处理这些工作？
卞：的确，有几处小缺陷需要修补以及某些扫尾工作有待完成，但它们并不影响整个工程
的正常运行，这一点，大家可以从功能试验中看到。所以，根据合同，工程业已达到
基本竣工，我们应从你方获得工程的移交证书。
苏：我们可以签发给你方移交证书，但是，你方须交给我们一份保证书，承诺你方在维修
期内迅速地完成扫尾工作和修复有关缺陷。
卞：没问题。
苏：那么，我们可以向你方认可本工程已于 1994 年 11 月 6 日基本竣工。
卞：我恐怕不能同意您说的这一日期，因为我方通知你方工程于 10 月 16 日已准备好供
你方验收，双方一致同意验收从 10 月 19 日开始。由于某个原因，你方直到 11 月
1 日才开始进行验收检查与试验。我们坚持认为，基本竣工日期定为 10 月 24 日才
是公平合理的。
苏：验收工作推迟是因为我方专家组中的一位电气工程师生病了，当时不能按时参加这一
工作。我想这个理由是情有可原的。
张：我们理解你方的这一处境，不过，双方均应于商定的日期参加检查与试验，这一点在
合同条件第 45.2 款有明文规定。
卞：你方对检查的延误导致我们不少损失，如果你方坚持把基本竣工日期定为 11 月 6 日，
那么，我们不得不在这方面向你方提出索赔，要求补偿我们费用和工期。
苏：好吧，我们在验收报告上将修正这一日期。
张：在移交证书也得书明这一日期。
苏：当然会的。
卞：我想提醒您一下，保留金的一半也该退还我们了吧。
苏：我尽快办理退还事宜。
卞：苏克南旦先生，我在考虑为这个项目申请一个优质竣工证书。
苏：这的确是一个优质工程，你们有资格拿一个优质证书，我们会颁发一个给你们。既然
现在工程已经验收完毕，我的建议是，你们也该放松一下了。这 3 年你们真是很劳累。
张：我们还有一件事要做。
苏：什么事？
张：向您要提前竣工奖。
肖：（开玩笑地）苏克南旦先生在工程初期还想罚你们脱期损害赔偿费呢。
苏：刚开始，我看到进度那么慢时还真有这个念头。但现在你们已经提前竣工，这足以证
明你们的能力，你们有权拿这个奖金。我建议你们派你方的预算工程师与肖先生一起
具体的核算一下，我随后签发支付证书，将这笔款项支付给你方。这样可以了吧？
卞：好。我期望很快从您那儿收到那两个证书和这笔奖金。
第十八单元业主举行庆祝宴会
项目已执行完毕。水轮机在运转，所发出的电力正在被输送到该国的整个西部地区。当地的
人们络绎不绝地赶来参观这一宏大的工程设施。国家电力局局长阿斯顿先生在苏克南旦的陪
同下设宴庆祝项目的圆满竣工。中海公司的副总经理关先生和卞先生以及其他重要人物应邀
参加了这次宴会。
一、相互祝酒
（大家在餐桌旁就位不久，宴会开始了。在宴会中间，阿斯顿先生站了起来，手里举着一杯
酒。看来是祝庆功酒的时间了。）
阿：女士们，先生们，请允许我向我们的中国朋友说几句话。我代表国家电力局谨在此
为你们的出色工作表示衷心的感谢。这的确是一个值得庆祝的夜晚。作为国家电
力局的局长，能使我们国家有足够的电力能源来发展她自己的工业是我多年来梦
寐以求的愿望。这个项目的竣工和投入运行了却了我的部分心愿。大家都知道，
我们国家是一个发展中国家，电力的缺乏成为我们的一个大问题。所以，我们的
政府正在下大力气投资更多的水电项目。这一项目的圆满竣工为我们将来的合作
开了个好头。我在此提议，为这个项目的成功和我们将来进一步的合作干杯！
大家：我成功和合作干杯！
关：多谢您的夸奖，阿斯顿先生。作为一家国际承包商，我们很荣幸有这个机会为国家
电力局工作。这个项目在你们的协助与合作下顺利圆满地竣工了。我们希望，这当
然也是你们的希望，它能为你们国家的经济发展和提高人民生活水平作出贡献。我
们十分赞成你们政府投资更多水电项目的政策，这是因为水利发电是一种清洁的能
源，一个项目一旦建成，运行也很经济。我们十分珍惜与国家电力局的关系，也为
我们在这方面所尽得微薄之力感到高兴。我们愿意与你们探讨进一步合作的可能性，
我们不仅可以作为你们的承包商，而且也可作为你们的合伙投资者。为此，我提
议，为我们继续在更多的项目上合作以及在座的所有朋友的健康干杯。
干杯！
大家：干杯！
二、餐间交流
（祝酒后，主人和宾客一边用餐，一边继续交谈。气氛热烈而友好。每个人都侃侃而谈）
阿：关先生，您刚才说，你们公司愿意作为我们的合伙投资人，来开发水电项目。我对此
很感兴趣。我们开发中的最大问题就是资金短缺。
关：我想知道我们是否有可能以建造-运营-转让的方式在这个国家建一个水电项目，也就
是说，我们来为这个项目筹资、施工，并在一个时期内运营。在这个时期内，我们拥
有项目的所有权和负责项目的管理，收益也归我们。
阿：这正一直是我们所期望的。你知道，我们政府正在努力将一些基础设施项目转让给私
营的特许机构。
关：许多发展中国家的政府对这种融资方式热情很高，这是因为它不增加公共部门的债务，
却又能满足他们发展经济所需。我想全面了解一下你们在这个方面的政策。我们特别
关心的是特许期。这一期限不能太短，它必须使我们的投资获得一合理的回报才行。
阿：我会从主管的政府部门得到有关信息并随时告知您。待时机成熟时，我还可以安排您
与主管部门进行直接谈判。
关：谢谢。我们须得与政府签订一特许协议。
阿：如果可能的话，国家电力局可以作为电力的买方。
关：这个主意不错，一旦我们与政府签订了特许协议之后，我们再回过头来谈购电协议。
（在阿斯顿先生与关先生交谈的同时，苏克南旦先生转向卞先生。）
苏：感谢你和你们的所有同事们为这个项目所作的一切努力。
卞：我非常感谢您在整个施工期给予我们的帮助和合作，苏克南旦先生。如果可以说这个
项目成功的话，部分荣誉应归功与您。
苏：谢谢。（突然地）我的朋友张先生在哪？我今晚没看到他。
卞：不幸的是，他生病了，今晚没能来。
苏：真不幸！我希望他很快康复。他是个不错的年轻人，很有前途。
卞：您说的不错，我让他当我的助手就是这个原因。可您也很年轻，大有希望啊。
苏：谢谢。
阿：当我任命苏克南旦先生为我们这个项目的代表时，我们电力局的有些人认为他太年轻，
不适合这个工作。我相信我的眼力，而事实证明我是对的。苏克南旦先生工作既很辛
苦又有强烈的责任感，他没有辜负我的期望。
苏：这是我的职责，我拿您的工资就应该为您工作。你们知道，有一段时间我甚至想，如
果这个项目干砸了，我恐怕会被阿斯顿先生给炒鱿鱼了。现在我可以大松一口气了。
（稍停）也应该感谢您，关先生，选派卞先生做这个项目的经理。这几年他一直与
我们合作得不错，工作起来特别努力。
关：所以我给卞先生三个月的假期。您呢，阿斯顿先生？我希望您给苏克南旦先生假期了
吗？
阿：那当然，不仅如此，我已决定送他去英国的一所大学进修建筑工程管理。
苏：我一直梦想有这一天。不过，我已计划和我的家人到凯利海滨去度假，您呢，卞先生？
您有何计划呢？
卞：痛快快地睡一觉，弥补一下我的睡眠不足，这就是我假期中的头等大事呀！

海外工程特别厉害的实用英语口语

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海外工程特别厉害的实用英语口语

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国际工程管理教学丛书

INTERNATIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT TEXTBOOK SERRIES

China Overseas Construction Company (COOC) is awarded a contract for a hydroelectric

1. On Board the Plane

2. Arrival at San Francisco Airport

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

construction company 施工公司，建筑公司

NOTES TO THE TEXT

1. direct flight: 直达航班。英语中还可以说 non-stop flight

背景与指南 ( BACKGROUND AND DIRECTIONS)

2. Subletting the Construction Camp

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

construction crew 施工人员（总称）

1. The Owner hands over the site late

2. Laying out the site

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

NOTES TO THE TEXT

1. layout: 布置图，计划。如：site layout（现场布置图），若写成 lay out，则为动词词组，

2. Talking about the Transport

(A large quantity of excavation work has to be finished as soon as possible in order to

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

get the project under way 开始执行项目

NOTES TO THE TEXT

1. home country: （承包商）本国。Home 在这里的意思是“国内的”，如 home office

4. Negotiating a Supply Contract

5. Engaging a Customs Agent

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

NOTES TO THE TEXT

对于工程常用油料（oils and fuels），需要能够保证长期得到供应以及获得优惠价格。

1. Arranging the Training

(The phone rings. )

2. On-site Training ------ Operating

3. On-site Training ------ Maintenance and Trouble Shooting

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

NOTES TO THE TEXT

1. JTH2A-90 Two Booms Hydraulic Wheel Jumbo: JTH2A-90 型双臂液压轮胎式钻岩台车。

1. Hiring Local labour

2. A Meeting with the Labour Office

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

NOTES TO THE TEXT

1. local labour: 当地劳工。Labour 为“劳工”总称，不可数，若说“十个工人”，则为

当地劳务管理（management of local labour）是国际工程管理又一方面。由于工程所在

1. Monthly Progress Review

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

NOTES TO THE TEXT

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

NOTES TO THE TEXT

1. resident engineer: 驻地工程师，现场工程师。为业主的在工地负责管理承包商实施工程

竣工工程质量的高低直接关系到工程的预期目的（ the intended goal）是否能达到，投

3. Site Security and Safety

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

NOTES TO THE TEXT

1. on the whole: 总体上，大致。 例如：

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

a big cocern 极为关注的事

NOTES TO THE TEXT

1. present at the meeting: 出席会议。与会 present 这里是形容词，意思是“到场的”，

背景与指南 ( BACKGROUND AND DIRECTIONS)

1. Setting the of the Monthly Statement

(Before a monthly statement is submitted to Mr. Sukhnandan, the Owner’s representative,

2. The Amount is not correct

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

NOTES TO THE TEXT

1. on the whole: 总体上，大致。例如：