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 This is a matter of preference, but
most people would prefer
Introduction 2, because it is clearer
and more concise. It gets to the point
immediately, while Introduction 1
gives relevant but less important
information first.
 The main difference is the order of
the information. Introduction 1 starts
with the background and then goes
on to say the purpose; Introduction 2
says the purpose clearly first, and
then gives extra detail.

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1. It’s a proposal to supply information management systems to a health
authority in Catalonia. It’s in response to a call for companies to bid to
provide these services.
2. It’s an internal report on the training that a company provides, and
recommends changes.
3. It’s an internal report comparing the cost of a company’s cleaners with
an outsourced cleaning company in order to save costs.
4. It’s a proposal for a call centre for a bank in response to a request for a
quote.

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Paragraph 4 is very formal (e.g. “RFQ” for “request for quote”); paragraph 1
is also quite formal as, like paragraph 4, it’s an external proposal.

Paragraphs 2 and 3 are internal company reports.

1. LGA has prepared this proposal in response to a tender …

2. This report analyses the training provided by …
3. The purpose of this report is to compare …
4. CS Solutions is pleased to submit this proposal in response to …

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There are lots of possible words that could be used. Some common
possibilities are: analyse, assess, clarify, classify, consider, define, evaluate,
examine, explain, explore, identify, investigate, present, propose, put
forward, recommend, review, set out, submit, suggest.

as to order to
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 report
recommends
addressing
response
request

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Suggested answers

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1. Which form of presentation gives you the clearest information?
It depends on your preference. A table as in Figure 1 gives you all the
detailed information, but a graph as in Figures 2-4 gives you a quick visual
representation of the trends.
2. What happens to the total cost as the volume of enquiries increases? Why
is this?
The unit cost goes down as the volume increases, and so the total cost goes
up, but at a slower rate than the volume.

3. Which type of enquiry costs the least to handle?

Online enquiries and emails cost the same in 2015, but by 2016 online
enquiries cost less (we can assume that these enquiries take less time to
handle than emails and telephone enquiries).

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4. Read the description below of the data for telephone calls and answer
these questions.

1. What is the difference between the numbers given in the table and those
in the text?
The numbers in the table are exact; the numbers in the text have been
rounded to the nearest thousand.

2. Which three words in the text show that a number is not exact?
around, approximately, nearly (nearly is more specific; around and
approximately could be a little more or less than the number; nearly mean a
little less than).

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only (in this case this is a positive – “The cost is only” suggests that this is a
good thing; only could also be negative, e.g. “Sales in 2016 were only
200,000” suggests that this is disappointing).

KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ KINH TẾ

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Answers

1. rise / increase
2. around / approximately / about (about sounds less formal and so is less
likely to be used in a formal report or proposal)
3. around / approximately / a little over / a little more than
4. fall / decrease / go down (go down sounds less formal and so is less
likely to be used in a formal report or proposal)
5. rises / increases / grows / goes up (goes up sounds less formal and so
is less likely to be used in a formal report or proposal)
6. falling / decreasing

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Model answer

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Hi Bob,
Apologies for the delay in getting back to
you. Advantage's CEO
has been tied up with year-end
activity but I can now confirm that he will
not be able to take part in this project due
to a number of big projects kicking off that
will ultimately see him travelling for much
of the next 2-3 months. Gordon Mair - the
CEO- is deeply apologetic and hopes to
collaborate in the future on something else
-but for the moment he doesn't have the
time to spare for this. Hope progress for
you is going well otherwise.
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Dear Anya.
Thank you very much for your
hospitality on my recent visit.
I was very interested to learn
more about Barclays' methods
of training these days and to
get your views on the
materials
supplied particularly videos. I
look forward to seeing Laura.
With best wishes.
David Barnes
Dear Mr. McLeod,
Hi Rita,
Re: VISIT BY HER ROYAL HIGHNESS Sorry I missed you on Wednesday
THE PRINCESS ROYAL - I had an urgent and unscheduled
I am writing to thank you for coordinating meeting. Can we meet next week,
the Royal Visit on Monday on behalf of all maybe on Thursday?
of us at Lothian Regional Council. You all Ahmed
deserve congratulations for ensuring that
the visit was such a success, and l am
sure that it will be a great boost to all
concerned with the project on its first Jenny
birthday. Thanks for all your help on the
project - it went really well, I
Many thanks. think, and I couldn't have done
Yours sincerely, it without you.
Suzanne Walters Sarah
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 Internal: 4, 5 External: 1, 2, 3

2
4
1
5
3
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 E

C
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 I

H
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 I'm writing with the info you need about
the promotional event on Saturday.

It starts at 10 am in the Emirate Hotel

ballroom -that's on the first floor. There
should be about 50 people. Sorry
about this, but can you ask Mr.
Schmidt to do the opening speech?
Just a few words is OK. Could you get
him to confirm by Thursday?
Thanks.
Rut

KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ KINH TẾ

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Model answer

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a slight delay to report

pass on thanks

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 you very much for your

am writing to
you for coordinating

for all your help on the

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 Apologies for the delay (in
getting back to you) …
 Sorry I missed (you on
Wednesday) …

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Pattern for apologizing:
 Make greeting
 Give apology
 Offer explanation / excuse
 Explain what you will do now, for example offer a solution if possible
 Possibly reiterate the apology
 Ending

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Hi Sven
Just writing to say that I'm really sorry, but the delivery
to you is going to be a bit late.
We've been having transport problems -you might
have read about the truck drivers' strike.
Anyway, the delivery should be with you by the end of
the week. I hope that's not a
big problem for you.

Regards
Jean-Paul
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The first email is informal and the second is formal. They are similar in that
they follow the same pattern.

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Dear All
Sally has asked me to pass on the following message
to all staff:
Thank you very much 1…………………………. for ……………………
2 …………………………………………….arranging a very successful visit.
I visit many of our offices around the world each year, but this
was one of the 3………………………………….
best / most successful visits. It was well
organized, very informative and I was impressed with the quality
of work you are all doing.
4 …………………………..Thanks again.
Jan
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Model answer

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