CL/ Fourth lecture

29th March 2019

Dr. Jawad
Contrastive Linguistics

Q1/ What is the difference between the acquisition of L1 and L2?

Q2/ There is a functional discrepancies between the identical formal devices in the two language
Does this increase or decrease the problems encounter?
Q4/ ordinary learning is considered as a sub-paradigm , where we have structure and meaning
identical. Does a learner in ordinary learning experience positive or negative transfer?
Q5/ How does Carl James refute lees claim regarding his statement; different languages may not
be difficult to learn?
Q6/ Who gives the ignorance hypothesis a cognitivist shade of respectivty ? Selinker (p 22)
Point / Regarding this quotation, sometimes a learner of L2 encounters an item or a structure
which is not available in his L1. This is a kind of ignorance in his part. For example , we have
English items which have no counter in Arabic such as ‘ summation plural’ .
Point/ aiming the structural specification of language as put by Crothers and Suppes (1967);
‘ dealing with structure is crucial in exploring complex learning’
Example; ‘ Trade distorting agricultural subsidies squeezed developing countries out of
international markets’
Point/ H.B. George prefers to invoke the redundancy of ‘ the L2 as the direct cause of errors’
Frau ( adult female woman + spouse)
Q7/ What is the difference between ;
- ignorance without interference
- interference without ignorance
Ignorance without interference is called avoidance structures by Schachter when learners who
face tenacious difficulty in L2 structure, they will avoid it by paraphrasing or trying to give near
equivalence.
Interference without ignorance, is a situation in which the students are drilled until their
performance is error free. The errors will often have clear indication of L1 transfer without
ignorance.
Q8/ What is meant by backward interference?

Homework from Lado’s’ book ( do a summary- only the main thoughts with simple examples )
Mayes from 12- 24
Ahmed from 36- 51
And
Chapter 3 from Carl James’s book.
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