C ALIFORNIA S TATE U NIVERSITY, B AKERSFIELD (CSUB)

D EPARTMENT OF E LECTRICAL & C OMPUTER E NGINEERING & C OMPUTER S CIENCE

ECE 423: D IGITAL C OMMUNICATIONS

Homework 4
Solution

QUESTION 1:(25 POINTS)

You are given the baseband signals (i) m(t ) = cos 1000πt ; (ii) m(t ) = 2 cos 1000πt +sin 2000πt ;
(iii) m(t ) = cos 1000πt cos 3000πt ; (iv) m(t ) = exp(−10|t |). For each one, do the following.

a) Sketch the spectrum of m(t ).

b) Sketch the spectrum of the DSB-SC signal m(t ) cos 10, 000πt .

c) Identify the upper sideband (USB) and the lower sideband (LSB) spectra.

Chapter 4
Answer:

(i) m (t) = COS Wm t = cos 21rfm t = cos 10007rt -+ fm = 500Hz.

M(f) = 0.M(f - 500) + 0.5o(f + 500).

M(j) Modulated signal spectrum

(i)

USB LSB LSB USB

1/2
\ l/4 \
-500 500 /(Hz) -5.5 -4.5 4.5 5.5 /(kHz)

(ii) Magnitude
IM(j)I Modulated magnitude spectrum

1
USB LSB LSB USB
1/2 1/2
l/4 /(kHz)

-1000 -500 500 1000 -6 -5.5 -4.5 -4 4 4.5 5.5 6

Modulated signal spectrum

USB LSB LSB USB

,-114
1/8
(kHz)

-2000 -1000 1000 2000 -7 -6 -4 -3 3 4 6 7

1

(ii) Phase:

L.M(f) LS(!! rr/

7r /2 ) 2 '

500 5.5 f (kHz)

-500 /(Hz) -5.5 -4.5 4.5

-'Tr /2 --
-rr/2 ) C)
 USB 
LSB
LSB USB
,-114
1/8
(kHz)

-2000 -1000 1000 2000 -7 -6 -4 -3 3 4 6 7

(ii) Phase:

L.M(f) LS(!! rr/


7r /2 ) 2
  
   '


500 5.5 f (kHz)

 
 
 

-500 /(Hz)

 -5.5 -4.5

 4.5

-'Tr /2 --
-rr/2 ) C)

  #<bf 66f   66f#V<bf

 


  
  

(ii) m (t) = 2 cos Wm,1t + sin Wm,2t = 2cos 21rJm ,1t + sin 21rfm,2t = 2cos 10001rt + sin 20001rt

_. M(f) = o(f - 1000) + o(f + 1000) - o.5jo(f

 - 500) +D:f o.5jo(f + 500) 
 

IM(J)I = o(f - 1000) 
+ o(f + 1000) + o.M(f - 500) + o.M(f + 500)

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*(   *(f ff56fff
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RR Xf_f 3fO\^fGY ,_f ^SZfGY

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,_ff^T[f 30fPYf 4_f9f3O\^f-&'0_ff^U[f3'&1`
Kf 
 
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 )'&f
 )'&f ]FPf 5'f]FPf 5&&

5&f

2
 -7r /2, f = 500
L_M(f) = { 7r/2, f = -500
0, else

(iii) m(t) = coswm ,1t·coswm ,2t = cos 10001rt·cos30001rt = ! (cos21rf m .1t !

+ cos21rfm .2t) = (cos20001rt + cos 40001rt)--+
f m ,I = lOOOHz f m ,2 = 2000Hz

(iv) Since m(t) = e-lOJtl we have

,
20
F(m(t)) = M(f) = 100+41r2f2

/(Hz)

.J-0 ·20 20 JO

Spectrum of e .. 1111•1 co� ( 100001TI.)

0 f (Hz)

51

3
 (b) Sketch the spectrum of the DSB‐SC signal  m(t ) cos 10000πt . 
(c) Identify the upper sideband (USB) and the lower sideband (LSB) spectra. 

2. (4.2‐7)Two signals m (t) and m (t), both band‐limited to 5000 Hz, are to be transmitted 

QUESTION 2:(25 POINTS) 1 2
simultaneously over a channel by the multiplexing scheme shown in Fig. 1. The signal at point b 
Two signalsis the multiplexed signal, which now modulates a carrier of frequency 20,000 Hz. The modulated 
m 1 (t ) and m 2 (t ), both band-limited to 5000 Hz, are to be transmitted simultane-
ously over asignal at point c is transmitted over a channel. 
channel by the multiplexing scheme shown in the following figure. The signal at
(a) Sketch signal spectra at points a, b, and c. 
point b is the multiplexed signal, which now modulates a carrier of frequency 20, 000 Hz. The
(b) What must be the bandwidth of the distortionless channel? 
modulated (c)signal at point c is transmitted over a channel.
Design a receiver to recover signals m (t) and m (t) from the modulated signal at point c.                                     
1 2
 
M1(f)
m1(t)

f
-5000 0 5000
b c
M2(f) Σ
m2(t) a

-5000 0
f 2cos(40000πt)
5000

2cos(20000πt)
                    

                                                                                                               Fig. 1                                                  
a) Sketch
  signal spectra at points a, b, and c.

b) What
  must be the bandwidth of the distortionless channel?

c) Design
  a receiver to recover signals m 1 (t ) and m 2 (t ) from the modulated signal at point c.

Answer:

(b) From the spectrum at point c, it is clear that the channel bandwidth must be at least 30000
Hz (from 5000 Hz to 35000 Hz).

4
(c) The following figure shows the receiver diagram to recover both m 1 (t ) and m 2 (t ) from the
modulated signal at point c.

5
QUESTION 3:(25 POINTS)
QUESTION
An amateur audio 3:(25 POINTS)
scrambler/descrambler pair is shown in the following figure.
An amateur audio
EE456–Digital scrambler/descrambler
Communications (Fall 2015) pair is shown in the following figure.
ASSIGNMENT

M( f )
A LPF x (t )
m( t ) 2 cos(ω0t )
0-20 kHz

f 2 cos(40,000π t )
−10 kHz 0 10 kHz
LPF
z (t ) 0-10 kHz y (t )

Figure 4: An audio scrambler considered in Question 6.

a) Graphically find and show the spectra of signals x(t ), y(t ), and z(t ) when ω0 = 20, 000π.
(b) Graphically find and show the spectra of signals y(t) and z(t) when ω0 = 30, 000π.
a) Graphically find and show the spectra of signals x(t ), y(t ), and z(t ) when ω0 = 20, 000π.
b) Graphically findwhether
(b) Show and show theyou
or not spectra of signals z(t)
can descramble y(t ),toand z(t ) m(t).
recover when ω0 = 30, 000π.

b) Graphically
c) Showfind andorshow
whether the
not you canspectra of signals
descramble y(t ), m(t
z(t ) to recover and). z(t ) when ω0 = 30, 000π.

c) Show whether or not you can descramble z(t ) to recover m(t ).

Answer:
(a)

X(/)

·'
_,/

·20 ·10 10 20 /(kHz)

Y(/1

/o • (lt�z)
�� ··� /�/
-30 -20 -10 10 20 30

If',,'··

-10 10 /(kHz)

University of Saskatchewan Page 3

6
(b)

(c) We are able to recover m(t ) from z(t ) in part (a) as shown in the following figure.

But we are not able to recover m(t ) from z(t) in part (b).

7
QUESTION 4(25 POINTS)
A modulating signal m(t ) is given by:

a) m(t ) = cos 100πt + 2 cos 300πt

b) m(t ) = sin 100πt sin 500πt

In each case:

i. Sketch the spectrum of m(t ).

ii. Find and sketch the spectrum of the DSB-SC signal 2m(t ) cos 1000πt .

iii. From the spectrum obtained in part (ii), suppress the LSB spectrum to obtain the USB
spectrum.

iv. Knowing the USB spectrum in part (ii), write the expression φU SB (t ) for the USB signal.

v. Repeat part (iii) and (iv) to obtain the LSB signal φLSB (t ).

Answer:
To generate a DSB-SC signal from m(t ), we multiply m(t ) by cos(ωc t ). However, to generate
the signals of the same relative magnitude, it is convenient to multiply m(t ) by 2 cos(ωc t ).
This also avoids the nuisance of the fractions 1/2, and yields the DSB-SC spectrum

M (ω − ωc ) + M (ω + ωc )

We suppress the USB spectrum (above We and below −ωc ) to obtain the LSB spectrum. Simi-
larly, to obtain the USB spectrum, we suppress the LSB spectrum (between −ωc and ωc ) from
the DSB-SC spectrum. The following figures show the three cases.

8
 f IP-1/1

I 1 �I I
-ISO -SO
fso
fi

150 f
�J
-6SO -5SO -1.50 -350 0 JSO -4SO 5SO 6SO

j O>,-(Jl

__J_tJTL ..
-4SO -JSO o
I
350 450
I
l_J____ --- - ��________J_l
-6SO -5SO -4SO -JSO O JSO 4SO

(a) We can express <PLsB (t) = 2 cos (7001rt) + cos (9001rt) and <l>usB (t) = cos (I I001rt) + 2 cos ( 13001rt).

(b) We can express:

<i>LSB (t) = ! [cos (4007Tt)+ cos (6007Tt)] and <l>usa (t) = ! [cos (14001rt) + cos (16007Tt)].

l '" 11
O>,,..(/)

1 I r�·I I , 11 1I -300 -200

I1 �

'l "
·'.!00 -200 0 200 JOO
I -800 -700 0 200 JOO 700 IIOO I

I
O>,.,.(J)

I l ..
a>,,.(J)

ll
.)00 -200 0
11
4

200 � I
11
-MOO -700 u
II
700 800 I
�

9
<hsa (t) = [cos (100,rt)+ 2cos (3007Tt)] cos (lOOOt)+ [sin (I001rt)+ 2sin (3001rt)] sin (lOOOt)
= cos (1000 - 100,r)t+ 2cos (1000 - 3001r)t
<l>usa , = [cos (1001rt) + 2cos (3007Tt)] cos (IOOOt) - (sin (l001rt)+ 2sin (3001rt)) sin (lOOOt)
(t)
= cos (1000 + 100,r)t + 2cos (1000 + 300,r)t

66