Tropisms, Nastic

Movements, &
Photoperiods
Plant Growth & Development
 Tropisms
Defined as: ____________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
3 Types:
- Phototropism
- ____________
- Thigmotropism
 Tropisms
Defined as: Plant growth responses to
environmental stimuli that occur in the direction of
the stimuli
3 Types:
- Phototropism
- Gravitropism
- Thigmotropism
Phototropism
Defined as: the tendency of a plant
to grow toward a light source Cool
corn
- Can be within hours
- Caused by ________________
____________________________
____________________________
Phototropism
Defined as: the tendency of a plant
to grow toward a light source Cool
corn
- Can be within hours
- Caused by changes in auxin
concentrations; auxins migrate to
shaded tissue, causing elongation
of cells
Gravitropism
Defined as: tendency of shoots to grow
upwards (_________ gravitropism) and roots to
grow downwards (____________ gravitropism)
- Also related to auxin migration
- Photoreceptors in shoots determine
the light source Arabidopsis
Gravitropism
Defined as: tendency of shoots to grow
upwards (negative gravitropism) and roots to
grow downwards (positive gravitropism)
- Also related to auxin migration
- Photoreceptors in shoots determine
the light source Arabidopsis
 Gravitropism
- __________ (cells
with starch grains
instead of chloroplasts)
in roots determine the
gravitational pull
Gravitropism
- Stratoliths (cells with
starch grains instead
of chloroplasts) in
roots determine the
gravitational pull
 Thigmotropism
Defined as: _________________
___________________________
- Usually found in plants that
need structures to wrap around as
they grow (vines, climbing plants)
- Stems or ________ may wrap
tightly around objects they
encounter to reach light
 Thigmotropism
Defined as: a plant’s response to
touch
- Usually found in plants that
need structures to wrap around as
they grow (vines, climbing plants)
- Stems or tendrils may wrap
tightly around objects they
encounter to reach light
Nastic Movements
Defined as: a plant’s response to an
environmental stimulus ___________________
______________________________________
____________________________
Example: Venus flytrap,
sensitive plant
Nastic Movements
Defined as: a plant’s response to an
environmental stimulus that does not
necessarily take place in the direction of the
stimulus
Example: Venus flytrap,
sensitive plant
 Response to Seasons
______________determines growth
and flowering of plants at various times
of the year
- Phytochrome responsible for _____
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
 Response to Seasons
Photoperiod determines growth and
flowering of plants at various times of
the year
- Phytochrome responsible for plants’
photoperiod responses by detecting red
light and activating signaling pathways
in plant cells
4 Effects of Photoperiod on Flowering:
_____________: flowers only when
exposed to an extended period of darkness
(Ex. Poinsettia)

Long-Day Plant: flowers when exposed to

a___________________________(Ex.
Iris)
4 Effects of Photoperiod on Flowering:
Short-Day Plant: flowers only when
exposed to an extended period of darkness
(Ex. Poinsettia)

Long-Day Plant: flowerswhen exposed to a

short period of darkness (Ex. Iris)
4 Effects of Photoperiod on Flowering:
________________________: flowers
when exposed to days & nights of
approximately the same length (Ex. cone
flower)
Day-Neutral Plant: _____________
____________________________
____________________________
(Ex. corn)
4 Effects of Photoperiod on Flowering:
Intermediate-Day Plant: flowers when
exposed to days & nights of approximately
the same length (Ex. cone flower)

Day-Neutral Plant: flowers

regardless of day or night length
(Ex. corn)