THERMAL ENERGY INVOLVE DURING A CHEMICAL REACTION

Hess’s Law of Heat of Summation

Enunciated by Germain Henri Hess, a Swiss-born Russian chemist, in 1840, stating that the heat
absorbed or evolved in any chemical reaction is a fixed quantity and is independent of the path of
the reaction or the number of steps taken to obtain the reaction.

Hess’s law is a consequence of the first law of thermodynamics and need not be considered a
separate thermodynamic law; in thermochemistry, however, it retains its identity because of its
importance as the basis for calculating heats of reactions.

Hess's Law of Constant Heat Summation states that regardless of the multiple stages or steps of a
reaction, the total enthalpy change (ΔH) for the reaction is the sum of all changes. This law is a
manifestation that enthalpy is a state function.

For any chemical reaction at standard conditions, the standard enthalpy change is the sum of the
standard molar enthalpies of formation of the products(each multiplied by its coefficient in the
balanced chemical equations) minus the corresponding sum for the reactants.

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If ΔH is positive, the reaction is endothermic

If ΔH is negative, the reaction is exothermic


ELEMENT = 0

Thermal Energy Involve During A

Chemical Reaction Group 5
Hess Law of Heat Summation 4:30- 6:00 DAILY
 Standard Enthalpies of Formation

Thermal Energy Involve During A

Chemical Reaction Group 5
Hess Law of Heat Summation 4:30- 6:00 DAILY