StarAlmanac 2019 PDF

The Star Almanac for Land Surveyors
Her Majesty’s Almanac Office

NP321 - 2019 electronic edition
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THE STAR ALMANAC — ELECTRONIC EDITION
ABOUT the e-SA 2019

This electronic edition of The Star Almanac for Land Surveyors (e-SA) is the paper edition in electronic form which is
produced by H. M. Nautical Almanac Office part of the UK Hydrographic Office.
The e-SA is the SA with bookmarks and extra “pages” that provide links that allows easy navigation to all the tables,
examples and sections of the explanation.
The pages are most usefully viewed as facing pages so both left-hand and right-hand pages are visible at the same time.
If the option ‘Return to the previous page viewed’ is readily available, then this will make returning to the previous page e.g. the
Book mark pages that lists all the sections and tables or the Page Finder, which gives links to all the tabular material, easy.
The list of stars by constellations with Bayer letter and star number gives links for navigating to the correct left-hand page that
lists the right ascensions. This star finder is listed over two pages. There are also navigation boxes to these initial pages at the
bottom of each page. Pages may also be navigated to from the bookmark-sidebar.
H. M. Nautical Almanac Office

United Kingdom Hydrographic Office
UNITED KINGDOM
HM Nautical Almanac Office — http://astro.ukho.gov.uk
c Crown Copyright 2018

This publication is protected by international copyright law. All rights reserved. No part of this publi-
cation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission
of UK Hydrographic Office, Admiralty Way, Taunton, Somerset, TA1 2DN, United Kingdom.
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THE STAR ALMANAC 2019 — BOOKMARKS
DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS
Preface and Copyright Ephemeris of the Sun and Interpolation Table
Introduction Polynomial Coefficients for R and Sun
Time & Hour Angle GHA Aries R, GHA Sun E & Interpolation Table for R
Critical Tables Conversion of GST to UT1
Planet and Eclipse Notes Apparent Places of Stars and Circumpolar Stars
Interpolation Table for Stars
EXAMPLES Polaris Table
Find the times of sunrise & sunset Star Charts and Index to Places of Stars
Find latitude using Sun, a star or Polaris Radio Time Signals
GHA & Dec of Sun: tabular, monthly coefficients Refraction Tables
Transit time (UT1) for a star Natural Secants
GHA, RA and Dec of 2 stars Conversion to Degrees and Days
RA and Dec of Polaris Table for Circum-Meridian Observations
UT1 of upper transit of a circumpolar star Conversion of Time to Arc
Conversion of GST to UT1 Index to Places of Stars
TABLES & CHARTS

R & SUN STARS
Tabular and Coefficients Page Finder Apparent Places by number Page Finder
Interpolation Table for R: 0h-2h, 2h-4h, 4h-6h Constellations, Names & Daylight Stars Page Finder
Interpolation Table for the Sun Northern & Southern Circumpolar Stars
Polaris Table, LST: 0h-6h, 6h-12h, 12h-18h, 18h-24h
CORRECTION & CONVERSION TABLES Charts: Northern, Southern
Circum-meridian observations correcting factor Equatorial RA 0h-12h, RA 12h-24h,
Conversion decimals of degree and of a day Interpolation Table for Stars
Conversion time to arc
Natural Secants
Refraction: altitudes 0◦ - 90◦ ; corrections for
pressure 1080-850 & 840-610 mb & temperature
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THE STAR ALMANAC 2019 — PAGE FINDER
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
R & Sun Declination, E, SD & Rise and Set Times
1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16
17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31
Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise
Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Rise
Phases of the Moon
1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16
17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
Star Nos. Coordinate Brighter and Daylight (d) Stars
1– 50 RA Dec Name Number Name Number Name Number

51–100 RA Dec Achernar α Eri 32 d Canopus α Car 179 d Pollux β Gem 216 d
101–150 RA Dec Aldebaran α Tau 116 d Capella α Aur 136 d Procyon α CMi 212 d
151–200 RA Dec Algol 70 Castor 210
201–250 RA Dec Altair α Aql 548 d Regulus α Leo 273 d
251–300 RA Dec Antares α Sco 441 d Deneb α Cygni 571 d Rigel β Ori 135 d
Arcturus α Boo 369 d Denebola 316
301–350 RA Dec Dubhe 298 Sirius α CMa 185 d
351–400 RA Dec Bellatrix 140 Spica α Vir 353 d
401–450 RA Dec Betelgeuse α Ori 162 d Fomalhaut α PsA 632 d
451–500 RA Dec Vega α Lyrae 514 d
α Crucis 328 d Polaris NP
501–550 RA Dec
α Centauri 379 d Polaris Table
551–600 RA Dec
β Centauri 364 d σ Octantis SP
601–650 RA Dec
>650 RA Dec
Northern Circumpolar
Southern Circumpolar
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THE STAR ALMANAC 2019 — STAR PAGE FINDER (A-G)
Andromedae Aurigae Capricorni Cephei Corvi Equulei
α 1 β 24 α 136 β 166 α2 561 β 562 α 587 β 592 β 335 γ 324 α 584
γ 45 δ 12 δ 165 127 γ 595 δ 601 γ 647 δ 616 δ 330 321
ζ 15 ι 646 ζ 128 η 131 ζ 591 θ 581 ζ 610 η 574 Coronae Aust.
κ 649 λ 645 θ 167 ι 126 ι 588 ψ 573 θ 566 ι 628 α 532 Eridani
µ 19 ν 17 κ 172 ν 159 ω 577 κ 557 µ 597 α 32 β 132
Crateris γ 96 δ 84
o 634 υ 30 ν 600 π 669 α 296 γ 308
 31 Carinae BS NP 80 η 64
Bootis δ 305
α 179 β 253 θ 65 ι 56
α 369 β 392 BS 653
228 θ 291 Crucis κ 52 λ 133
Antliae γ 377 δ 396 BS 654 α 328 β 340
α 284 ι 255 υ 268 µ 121 ν 118
385 ζ 380 BS 655 γ 331 δ 322
η 361 θ 374
χ 220 ω 275
BS NP o1 103 τ3 67
I 282 a 252 327 τ5 81 τ6 89
Apodis λ 371 µ 404 BS NP
α 386 β 683 l 267 u 295 Cygni υ 2 117 υ 4 109
ρ 376 BS 668 α 571 β 542
γ 443 δ 1 682 BS 243 φ 48 χ 40
η 679 R 681 BS 279 Ceti γ 563 δ 544  73  112
Camelopardalis α 66 β 14 575 ζ 582
α 124 β 129 BS 286  119
Aquarii BS 287 γ 57 δ 54 η 552 ι 541 BS 74
BS 78
α 604 β 593 BS 299 ζ 35 η 23 κ 536 ν 579 BS 93
BS 656
γ 613 δ 631 θ 25 ι 5 ξ 580 o1 560
BS 657
576 ζ 614 Cassiopeiae µ 60 ξ 2 53 π 2 602 ρ 594
BS 658 α 13 β 2
η 619 θ 611 o 50 π 59 σ 585 τ 583 Fornacis
BS 661 γ 18 δ 26
ι 605 λ 630 τ 34 υ 42 υ 586  559 α 72
BS 662 37 ζ 11
τ 627 φ 639 Chamaeleontis  565
 637  642 η 16 κ 10
α 673 β 325 Delphini
Cancri  651  652 Geminorum
α 244 β 224 γ 289 δ 2 675 α 570 β 569
Aquilae  44 α 210 β 216
δ 237 ι 239 676 ζ 674 567
α 548 β 551 γ 181 δ 204
Centauri θ 227 κ 677 Doradus
γ 545 δ 540 183 ζ 194
Canis Majoris α 379 β 364 α 115 β 146
526 ζ 529 Circini η 171 θ 189
α 185 β 177 γ 337 δ 320 α 382 β 397 γ 108
η 549 θ 558 ι 206 κ 215
γ 195 δ 196 356 ζ 362 Draconis λ 202 µ 176
λ 530 Columbae
191 ζ 174 η 378 θ 367 α 365 β 478 ν 180 ξ 184
α 152 β 160
Arae η 205 θ 190 ι 351 κ 391 γ 494 δ 534 ρ 208 υ 211
γ 164 δ 175
α 479 β 470 κ 187 o2 193 λ 311 µ 360
143 η 168
547 ζ 463  169
γ 471 δ 475 σ 192 ω 200 ν 359 ξ 2 347 η 440 θ 429
1 461 ζ 460 π 307 σ 329 Comae Ber. ι 405 κ 333
β 349
η 452 θ 499 Canis Minoris ψ 373 d 354 λ 309 ξ 492 Gruis
α 212 β 207 v 372  357 Coronae Bor. χ 508  665 α 607 β 622
Arietis BS 315 α 410 β 406  666  667 γ 603 δ 1 615
α 46 β 39 Canum Venat. BS 341 γ 415 425 BS 659 626 ζ 633
 61 α 344 β 334 BS 384 θ 407 BS 660 ι 638
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THE STAR ALMANAC 2019—STAR PAGE FINDER (H-Z)
Herculis Leporis Octantis Persei Pyxidis Tauri Ursae Minoris
α 466 β 442 α 145 β 142 α 684 β 624 α 75 β 70 α 236 γ 241 α 116 β 141 α NP β 389
γ 439 δ 467 γ 154 δ 161 δ 680 685 γ 68 δ 83 γ 110 δ 111 γ 402 δ NP
Reticuli
462 ζ 449 130 ζ 155 ζ SP θ 670 95 ζ 94 α 106 β 88 113 ζ 150 453 ζ 417
η 450 θ 493 ι SP ν 596 η 62 θ 58 δ 98 η 90 θ2 114 η 664  663
Leporis
ι 484 λ 477 η 163 λ 138 σ SP τ SP ι 71 λ 101 λ 99 µ 107  375
µ 488 ξ 495 χ SP µ 104 ν 87 Sagittae ν 100 ξ 77
µ 134 β 543 γ 553
o 501 π 468 ξ 97 o 85 o 76 τ 120
Ophiuchi δ 546
σ 446 τ 437 Librae ρ 69 τ 63  79  82
α 481 β 486
φ 432  510 α2 388 β 398 φ 33  102  86  92
γ 490 δ 433 Sagittarii Velorum
 517  519 γ 411 σ 393 α 539 β 1 538 γ 2 223 δ 238
435 ζ 448
τ 414 υ 413 γ 498 δ 505 κ 258 λ 251
Horologii η 464 θ 469 Phoenicis Telescopii
α 105 Lupi ι 458 κ 459 α 9 β 22 509 ζ 527 µ 292 o 234
α 511
α 381 β 390 λ 444 ν 496 γ 27 δ 29 η 503 θ1 555 φ 271 ψ 261
Hydrae γ 408 δ 400 ι 550 λ 512 N 262
σ 473  472 3 κ 8
α 259 γ 350 µ 502 ξ 2 524
403 ζ 395  474  497 ψ 38 Trianguli BS 233
δ 232 240 o 528 π 533 α 36 β 47
η 427 θ 431  500 BS 235
ζ 242 θ 254
κ1 394 φ1 401 ρ 537 σ 522 γ 49 BS 247
ι 264 λ 274 Orionis Pictoris τ 531 φ 516
χ 421 BS 250
µ 283 ν 293 α 162 β 135 α 86 β 57
BS 276
ξ 310 π 366 Lyncis γ 140 δ 144 γ 58 Scorpii Triang. Aust.
α 257  173 α 441 β 430 α 451 β 423 BS 290
BS 229 149 ζ 1 153
 226  256 η 139 ι 148 δ 428 454 γ 399 δ 434
Hydri Piscis Aust. ζ 2 457 η 465
BS246 κ 156 λ 147 α 632 β 617 412
α 41 β 7 θ 482 ι1 489
γ 91 δ 51 Lyrae ν 170 π 3 122 620 ι 599
π 4 123 π 5 125 κ 485 λ 480 Virginis
55 ν 671 α 514 β 520 Tucanae
σ 151 τ 137 µ1 455 µ2 456 α 353 β 317
γ 525 θ 535 α 612 γ 641 γ 338 δ 343
Indi Piscium π 426 σ 438
κ 504 R 523 Pavonis α 43 γ 640 ζ 6 346 ζ 355
α 568 β 578 τ 447 υ 476
Mensae α 564 β 572 21 η 28 G 491 N 445 η 326 θ 348
Lacertae α 672 γ 590 δ 556 θ 643 ι 648 ι 370 κ 368
α 618 Sculptoris Ursae Majoris
554 ζ 515 ω 650 α 298 β 297 µ 383 ν 313
Monocerotis η 487 λ 521 α 20 β 644
Leonis γ 318 δ 323 o 319 τ 363
α 213 δ 198
α 273 β 316 ξ 507 Scuti 342 ζ 352  387
178 Puppis
γ1 280 δ 301 ζ 221 ν 182 α 513 β 518 η 358 θ 263
Pegasi
266 ζ 277 Muscae α 636 β 635 ξ 218 π 201 ι 245 κ 248
Serpentis
η 272 θ 302 α 336 β 339 γ 4 598 ρ 222 σ 209 α 416 β 418 λ 278 µ 281
µ 270 o 265 γ 332 δ 345 ζ 621 η 623 τ 188 I 199 γ 424 δ 409 ν 304 ξ 303 Volantis
ρ 288 σ 306 ι1 678 λ 312 θ 609 ι 606 c 217 422 η 506 o 231 υ 269 α 249 β 230
Leonis Min. Normae λ 625 µ 629 BS 219 κ 419 µ 420 χ 314 ψ 300 γ 2 197 δ 203
β 285  294 γ 2 436 π 608  589 BS 225 ξ 483  260 ζ 214
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Calculated by HMNAO and Typeset using TEX
The
STAR
Almanac
for land surveyors
FOR THE YEAR 2019
Prepared by
HM Nautical Almanac Office
UNITED KINGDOM HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE

c British Crown Copyright 
This publication is protected by international copyright law.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a re-
trieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, elec-
tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise with-
out the prior written permission of the UK Hydrographic Office,
Admiralty Way, Taunton, TA1 2DN, United Kingdom.
ISSN −
ISBN ---
CONTENTS
Pages
Preface ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... v
Introduction ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... vii
Planet notes, Eclipses ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 
Ephemeris of the Sun (R, Dec, E), sunrise, sunset, Moon’s phases ... ... ... ... –
Apparent Places of  stars ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . –
Apparent Places of supplementary stars ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . –
Apparent Places of  circumpolar stars ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . –
Polaris Table ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . –
Radio Time Signals ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . –
Refraction Tables ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . –
Auxiliary Tables
Natural secants ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 
Conversion of minutes, seconds to decimals of a degree ... ... ... ... ... 
Conversion of hours, minutes, seconds to decimals of a day . . . ... ... ... ... 
Table for circum-meridian observations ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 
Conversion of time to arc ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 
Interpolation Table for R, mutual conversion of intervals of solar

and sidereal time ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . –
Interpolation Tables for Sun and stars ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 
Polynomial coefficients for R and Sun ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . –
Star charts ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . –
Index of star names and numbers ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . –
GREEK ALPHABET
α alpha epsilon ι iota ν nu ρ rho φ phi
β beta ζ zeta κ kappa ξ xi σ sigma χ chi
γ gamma η eta λ lambda o omicron τ tau ψ psi
δ delta θ theta µ mu π pi υ upsilon ω omega
v
PREFACE, 2019
This sixty-ninth edition of the Star Almanac follows closely the model introduced for the
year , with some additions and changes introduced in the editions for ,  and .
This is the eighteenth edition that includes a CD-ROM which contains the electronic version.
This e-book contains the almanac itself stored in Adobe’s portable document format, and the
coefficients that compactly represent the positions of the Sun and stars in ASCII files. Readers
unable to use the CD-ROM and require the ASCII data files should contact this office.
The Star Almanac for Land Surveyors has been prepared by H.M. Nautical Almanac Office
under the supervision of S.A. Bell; suggestions for additions and modifications should be sent to
him at the address below.
John Humphrey
Chief Executive
United Kingdom Hydrographic Office,

Admiralty Way,
Taunton, Somerset
TA1 2DN, United Kingdom
April 
INTRODUCTION vii
THE STAR ALMANAC
The Star Almanac for Land Surveyors has been expressly designed to provide in a conve-
nient form, and in a compact volume, the astronomical data required by surveyors. The time-
argument is universal time (UT), and so the tabulated values may differ slightly from those in
The Astronomical Almanac, in which the time-argument is dynamical time.
The main features of the Almanac are the tabulation of:
(a) R, the difference between Greenwich sidereal time (GHA Aries) and universal time;
(b) the declination of the Sun and E, the difference between the Greenwich hour angle of the
Sun and universal time;
(c) the right ascensions and declinations of  stars, including all stars brighter than
magnitude ·;
(d) extended refraction and other auxiliary tables.

The precision of tabulation varies between 00 and 0., and corresponds to the requirements
of the land surveyor.
The following explanation is restricted to a brief outline of fundamental concepts and defini-
tions, together with a description of the tabulated quantities and illustrations of how they are to be
extracted from the Almanac. Reference must be made to the standard text-books for a description
and illustrations of the method of use of the tabulated data.
TIME AND HOUR ANGLE

The position of a heavenly body in the sky, as seen by an observer on the Earth’s surface, is
most conveniently specified by its altitude above the horizon and its azimuth from the north. It
is essentially a comparison between the observed and calculated values of altitude and azimuth
that makes possible the determination of position and direction on the Earth’s surface from
astronomical observations. It is not practicable to tabulate the rapidly changing altitudes and
azimuths of the heavenly bodies for all positions on the Earth, but they can be calculated for any
position, by tables or by direct solution of a spherical triangle, from a knowledge of the geocentric
position of the heavenly body referred to the Earth’s equator.
In fact the quantities which the observer requires from the almanac are the Greenwich hour
angle (GHA), namely the arc of the equator (or the angle at the pole) westwards from the Greenwich
meridian, and the declination (Dec), or arc of the meridian from the equator to the body. Both
are independent of the observer’s position and can be tabulated directly. The GHA thus obtained
will in practice either be combined with a known, or assumed, longitude to give local hour angle
(LHA) or be used to derive longitude from a value of LHA deduced from observation.
The rotation of the Earth on its axis from west to east causes the heavenly bodies to appear
to revolve round the Earth from east to west. Owing to the real motion of the Earth in its annual
orbit about the Sun, the latter appears to alter its position with respect to the stars and so appears
to revolve in a different period; moreover, owing to the varying motions of the Earth in its orbit,
this period is not constant. UT, which is nominally the mean solar time of the meridian of
Greenwich, is such that the average period of rotation of the Earth with respect to the Sun taken
throughout the year is h; this is the mean solar day. (The mean solar day is now slightly longer
viii INTRODUCTION
than a day of   atomic seconds; the accumulated effect of this difference currently amounts to
less than  second each year.) The hour angle of the Sun increases at a rate which is, on the average,
precisely that of mean solar time. The difference between the Greenwich hour angle of the Sun
and universal time oscillates slowly and with small amplitude; it is convenient to tabulate this
difference (denoted by E) and to obtain the Greenwich hour angle of the Sun from the relation:
GHA Sun = UT + E ()
in which multiples of h may be omitted. The Sun transits over the Greenwich meridian when
UT = h − E.
The period of rotation of the Earth with respect to the stars is approximately h m s.  of
mean solar time, so that the hour angles of the stars increase more rapidly than that of the Sun.
It is convenient to relate the positions of the stars to the point known as the vernal equinox, or
the first point of Aries (abbreviated to “Aries”), which is the intersection of the Earth’s equator
and the ecliptic. The hour angle of this point increases by approximately h m s.  each mean
solar day. By analogy with the treatment of the Sun, a quantity R is defined such that it is the
difference between GHA Aries and UT; R increases by m s.  a day. Thus
GHA Aries = UT + R ()
and is Greenwich (apparent) sidereal time (GST).

The hour angle of a star differs from that of Aries by the arc of the equator, or the angle at
the pole, between the meridian of Aries and the meridian of the star; this difference is measured
eastwards from the meridian of Aries to that of the star and is known as right ascension (RA).
The apparent right ascensions (and declinations) of stars are nearly constant, varying slightly
owing to the real motions of the stars and to precession, and periodically owing to nutation and
aberration. The GHA of a star is obtained from that of Aries by subtracting the right ascension:
GHA Star = GHA Aries − RA Star = GST − RA Star ()
whence the formula for the GHA of a star is
GHA Star = UT + R − RA Star ()
It will be seen that when a star (or other heavenly body) is on the Greenwich meridian, its
right ascension is equal to the Greenwich sidereal time.
A knowledge of UT will enable the GHA of the Sun and stars to be calculated from tabulated
values of E, R and RA of the stars. Standard radio time-signals give coordinated universal time
(UTC), which differs from the international atomic-time scale by an exact number of seconds.
Step adjustments are made as required (normally at h on January  and July ) so that the
difference between the time-signal and UT does not exceed s. . The user of this Almanac who
requires to make and reduce observations to a precision of s.  must therefore obtain the correction
to the time-signal from coding in the signal or from other sources. Further information about
time-signals is given on pages –.
INTRODUCTION ix
In the same way as UT, GHA and GST are related to the meridian of Greenwich, there
exist mean solar times, hour angles and sidereal times related to the meridian of the observer and
termed local mean time (LMT), local hour angle (LHA) and local sidereal time (LST). Each of
these differs from the corresponding UT, GHA and GST by the longitude of the observer, if
necessary expressed in time. Thus
Longitude = LMT − UT = LHA − GHA = LST − GST ()
where the sign convention east longitude is positive is used. Similarly,
LMT = UT + longitude (east); UT = LMT − longitude (east) ()

LHA = GHA + longitude (east); LST = GST + longitude (east) ()
Combination of () and () with () and (), together with the tabulated declinations, will provide
the data to enable positions to be determined from astronomical observations.
In practice, local mean and sidereal times are used primarily in connection with local
phenomena such as rising and setting and meridian passage; as such they are mainly used for plan-
ning programmes. Just as the Greenwich meridian passage of the Sun occurs when UT = h −E,
the local meridian passage occurs when LMT is h − E; similarly a star transits over the local
meridian when LST = RA. However, LHA Aries or LST, corresponding to the LHA of a star
whose right ascension is zero, is frequently used as an argument for such tables as the Pole Star
Table; it may be obtained by combining longitude with R and UT as:
LST = R + UT + longitude (east) ()
If mean time (UT or LMT) is required for a given sidereal time (GST or LST) it may be
obtained from:
UT = GST − R; LMT = LST − R ()
where R is to be taken for the (approximate) UT concerned, as explained at top of page xiii.
In The Star Almanac all hour angles are measured in time, so that longitudes expressed in
arc must be converted to time, at the rate of h for each ◦ , before being used in equations () to
(). h may be added or subtracted as necessary in any of the equations () to (); west longitudes
may be treated as negative or subtracted from h (◦ ) before use.
CRITICAL TABLES
Several of the tables in this volume are arranged as “critical” tables in which the tabulated
values of the argument are those at which the respondent has a value midway between two tabular
values; thus, each printed value of the respondent corresponds to the whole interval between two
adjacent tabulated values of the argument. No interpolation is needed and the error cannot greatly
exceed half the adopted interval, usually one unit. The “critical” tabular values are calculated in
such a way that the upper of the two possible values of the respondent is to be taken.
For example, in the table for the interpolation of R on page , the increment of s. 
corresponds to (on the left) any solar time interval between h m s.  and h m s. ; if the
solar time interval is the critical value h m s. , then the upper (i.e. s. ) of the two possible
values of the respondent is to be taken.
x INTRODUCTION
DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS
Ephemeris of the Sun (Pages –)
On the upper part of these pages are tabulated for every h of UT: the excess (R) of
Greenwich sidereal time (GHA Aries) over universal time; the apparent declination of the Sun;
and the excess (E) of GHA Sun over universal time. Since the mean difference of R is constant,
provision for interpolation is made by a critical table on pages  to . The declination and E can
be interpolated, by means of the table on the upper part of page  using the tabulated differences.
These differences are printed in a column to the right of the function, on the half-line between
consecutive rows, and are given in units of the last figure of the corresponding function, namely
0. for the declination and s.  for E.
The average value of the Sun’s semi-diameter is given for the half-month concerned, and
should be used without interpolation.
The lower part of the page contains the local mean times of sunrise (left-hand page) or sunset
(right-hand page) on every fifth day for latitudes between S ◦ and N ◦ . In order to permit
tabulation for sufficient latitudes, the times are given to the nearest tenth of an hour only. This
accuracy will be found adequate for most purposes.
The dates and times of the Moon’s phases are given to assist in planning night observations.
Apparent Places of Stars (Pages –)

Pages – contain the apparent right ascensions and declinations of  stars at monthly
intervals throughout the year. They include all stars brighter than magnitude ·, and such other
stars brighter than magnitude · as are tabulated in Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars, except
close circumpolar stars; a few stars of magnitudes between · and · have been omitted, and
the remainder included, to make the number exactly . Stars considered bright enough to be
observed in daylight are indicated by the letter d following the star number on the left-hand page.
Pages – contain the apparent right ascensions and declinations of  supplementary
fainter stars of declinations between ◦ and ◦ , together with  stars in this range already given
on pages –. Northern stars are given on the upper half of the page and southern stars on the
lower half. No stars fainter than · have been included.
The positions given — to s.  in right ascension and 00 in declination — are those for times
near the beginning of the month, so chosen as to reduce to a minimum the error caused by using,
for interpolation purposes, a fixed (nominal) month. An interpolation table is given on the lower
part of page . It is to be entered with the day of the month as the vertical argument, and with
the difference between the values for the month of observation and the following month as the
horizontal argument.
Even though second differences are in some places large enough to be significant, their neglect
will never lead to serious error; linear interpolation, as described, should invariably be used.
The stars are arranged in order of their right ascensions for · and it is intended to keep
this order unchanged for many years in spite of precessional changes. An index giving the number
of a star whose name is known is given on pages –.
The magnitudes and distances of fainter companions in double or multiple systems are given
as footnotes on these pages.
INTRODUCTION xi
Apparent Places of Circumpolar Stars (Pages –)
On these pages are given, at h UT for every ten days, the apparent positions of five northern
and five southern circumpolar stars and also the Greenwich sidereal time.
The time of upper transit is found as the time (UT) when
GST = RA − longitude (east)
Since the GST is only tabulated to the nearest minute this equation may be used if the time is
only required to the nearest minute. For greater accuracy use
UT = RA − R − longitude (east)
Polaris Table (Pages –)

In this table are combined the data for obtaining latitude from an observed altitude of Polaris
(suitably corrected for instrumental errors and refraction) and the azimuth of this star (measured
from north, positive to the east and negative to the west), for all hour angles and northern
latitudes. The six tabulated quantities, each given to a precision of 0., are a0, a1, a2, referring to
the correction to altitude, and b0, b1, b2 to the azimuth.
latitude = corrected observed altitude + a0 + a1 + a2
azimuth = (b0 + b1 + b2) sec (latitude)
These quantities are based on the following formulae;

1
a0 + a1 + a2 = −p cos t + p sin p sin2t tan (latitude)
2
b0 + b1 + b2 = −p sin t − p sin p sin t cos t tan (latitude)
where
p = polar distance of Polaris = ◦ − declination
t = local hour angle of Polaris = LST − RA
a0, b0, which depend upon LST only, include both terms of the above expressions for mean values
of the position of Polaris and for a mean latitude of ◦ . a1, b1 cater for the changes in the values
of the second terms for latitudes differing from ◦ , and are dependent on both LST and latitude.
a2, b2 cater for the effects in the first terms of changes in the position of Polaris from its adopted
mean, and are dependent on both LST and date.
The arrangement of the table is designed to avoid the necessity for entering, with the same
LST, three separate tables, one of single entry and two of double entry. a0, b0 are tabulated for
every m of local sidereal time, and the remaining quantities for the mid-point of each hour of
LST. a1, b1 are given for a range of latitude, and a2, b2 for each month during the year. In the
latter case mean values are adopted for each month and no interpolation is necessary.
The table is to be entered with the LST of observation, which gives the values of a0, b0
directly; interpolation, with maximum differences of , can be done mentally. In the same vertical
column, the values a1, b1 are found with the latitude, and those of a2, b2 with the date, as argument.
Thus all six quantities can, if desired, be extracted together. The errors due to the adoption of a
mean value of the LST for each of the subsidiary tables have been reduced to a minimum, and the
total error is not likely to exceed 0.. Interpolation between columns should not be attempted.
The observed altitude must be corrected for refraction (see pages –) before being used for
the determination of latitude. A table of natural secants is given on page  primarily to facilitate
the calculation of the azimuth, which is measured from the north, positive to the east and negative
to the west.
xii INTRODUCTION
Radio Time Signals (Pages –)
These pages contain a list of the principal radio time signals used by surveyors.
Refraction Tables (Pages –)
These tables give the correction for refraction in the form:
r = r0 × f
where r0 is the mean refraction, taken with argument observed (strictly, apparent) altitude from
the table on page , and f is a correcting factor to be found from the tables on pages  and  with
arguments temperature and pressure. The tables of f are arranged so that for each tabulated value of
pressure a critical table gives the corresponding factor with argument temperature. Interpolation
of the tabulated temperatures to intermediate values of pressure may easily be performed, but is
generally unnecessary.
The pressure is given in millibars; for pressures less than  millibars an equivalent height
in metres is also given.
These tables are based on those of Harzer in Publikation der Sternwarte in Kiel, XIV, ;
the values of mean refraction apply to a standard pressure of  mm and a standard temperature of
◦ C. Within the range of altitude for which tabulations are given, there is no significant difference
between the various theories that are extant.
Natural Secants (Page )
This table is intended mainly for use in the determination of azimuth from an observation of
Polaris (see example on page xvi), for which purpose full three-decimal accuracy is not required.
For angles less than ◦ the table is given in critical form; above ◦ values are tabulated for every
0 and interpolation offers no difficulty.
Conversion to Degrees and to Days (Pages –)
The first table enables minutes and seconds of arc to be converted to decimals of a degree;
the second table facilitates conversion of hours, minutes and seconds into decimals of a day.
Table for Circum-Meridian Observations (Page )

This table gives the factor m for use in the reduction to the meridian of circum-meridian
observations. The full correction is A m, where A = cos φ cos δ cosec ζ and φ, δ, ζ are approx-
imate values of latitude, declination, and zenith distance respectively. The factor m should be
determined from this table for the time of each observation and, for each star, the mean of the
values of m so found should be multiplied by the expression A above. Alternatively the expression
m = · t2, where t is the hour angle in seconds of time, may be used to calculate m with a
pocket calculator. The product A m is then to be applied to the mean of the observed altitudes.
It should be noted that, particularly in low latitudes, the use of stars within ◦ of the zenith
is to be avoided.
Conversion of Time to Arc (Page )
This table needs no explanation; it can also easily be used for conversion of arc to time. An
example of the use is given on page xiv.
Interpolation Table for R (Pages –)

The principal purpose of this table is to provide for the interpolation of the quantity R, which
is tabulated for every h of UT in the ephemeris of the Sun (pages –). The table gives, in
critical form with respect to the left-hand argument (in bold type), the increment to be added to
a tabular value of R for any given interval of UT. The interpolated value of R is added to the
universal time to give the Greenwich sidereal time, as illustrated in the example on page xv.
INTRODUCTION xiii
This table also provides for the mutual conversion of intervals of mean solar and sidereal
time. The increment corresponding to the left-hand argument is, in fact, the quantity to be added
to that interval of mean solar time to convert it to the equivalent interval of mean sidereal time.
The right-hand argument gives the decrement to be subtracted from that interval of mean sidereal
time to convert it to the equivalent interval of mean solar time. (It is important to note that
the right-hand argument does not give the sidereal-time interval corresponding to the left-hand
solar-time argument, or vice-versa.)
Interpolation Table for Sun (Page )
This table serves for the interpolation of the values of the Sun’s declination and E given on
pages –. The nearest value to the printed difference may usually be taken as the horizontal
argument, and the time interval as the vertical argument. Interpolation for intermediate values
of either argument may easily be performed, if required.
Interpolation Table for Stars (Page )
This table is to be used for interpolation of the apparent places of stars on pages –. The
day of the month on which the observation is made is to be used as the vertical argument, and
the difference to the following month as the horizontal argument. The variation in length of the
month is to be ignored, as mentioned on page x.
Polynomial Coefficients for R and Sun (Pages –)
This table, for use with small programmable electronic calculators, provides polynomial
coefficients of R, Dec, E and SD for the Sun, together with appropriate formulae to evaluate
the data at any instant of time to an accuracy of 00 of arc. Explanatory notes and numerical
illustrations are given on the left-hand page.
Star Charts (Pages –)
The charts show the relative positions, as seen from the Earth, of all the stars tabulated in
this Almanac. Stars of magnitude · or brighter, and some fainter stars, are identified by their
Bayer letter. The numbers of such stars can be obtained directly from the index on pages –.
For other stars it is necessary to estimate the RA and Dec from the chart and then search the
main tabulations to find the corresponding number. A fixed magnitude has been adopted for each
variable star on the charts.
Index to Places of Stars (Pages –)
This index, arranged in alphabetical order of constellations (genitive case), affords a rapid
means of finding the number and thus the apparent place of a star known only by its name.
Twenty-three stars having proper names in general use are listed on page , but no attempt has
been made to give a complete list of such names.
ILLUSTRATIONS
The following examples illustrate the extraction from the Almanac of the data required by a
surveyor when making astronomical observations.
A surveyor, whose approximate position is
longitude E ◦ 0 , latitude N ◦ 0

makes a series of observations on  January . On this date the Moon (from page ) is at last
quarter and will not therefore interfere with evening observations.
xiv INTRODUCTION
Sunrise, sunset. From pages  and , interpolating for latitude and date, the local mean times
of sunrise and sunset are found to be h.  and h.  respectively. The approximate duration of
nautical twilight in this latitude in winter is about an hour so that stellar observations are not
likely to be possible after h or before h. Using the formula
LST = LMT + R
and taking out, from page , an approximate value of R (= h. ), it is seen that the earliest LST of
evening observation is
LST = h.  + h.  = h.  (= h. )
An examination of the right ascensions and declinations of the stars on pages – will indicate
which are the most suitable for observation on the meridian during the evening.
Sun. The Sun transits the local meridian when LMT = h − E, i.e. h m s approx-
imately, where E is taken out for h UT on January . To find the corresponding UT, the
longitude must be converted to time and applied to LMT; using the time-arc conversion table on
page ,
◦ 0 = h m; 0 = s; thus ◦ 0 = h m s
whence, since the longitude is east,
UT = h m s − h m s = h m s
It should be noted that this time is in error (in the present case by s), as the value of E used
should have been taken out for the UT of meridian passage; it is rarely necessary to apply any
correction since the time is required only approximately.
Suppose that a meridian altitude of the Sun’s lower limb is observed as ◦ 0. at UT
h m s, the temperature being ◦ C and the pressure  millibars. From page , the Sun’s
semi-diameter is found to be 0. and the declination is obtained by interpolation as:
d h m ◦ 0
page ;  January   S  ·
page ;   −·
Sun’s declination S  ·
The correction to the value for h is obtained by entering the interpolation table on page  with
h m, the excess of UT over the previous tabular value, and , the tabular difference; the sign
is obtained by inspection.
The mean refraction r0 is seen from page  to be 00 , while the correcting factor f is found
from page  to be ·: the refraction correction, to be subtracted from the observed altitude, is
thus 00 × · = 00 = 0.. Strictly, a correction should be applied for the Sun’s parallax, which
may, for this purpose, be regarded as a constant; it suffices to add 0. to all altitudes less than ◦ .
Thus the corrected observed altitude of the Sun’s centre is
◦ 0. + 0. − 0. + 0. = ◦ 0.
whence the deduced latitude is
◦ − ◦ .0  − ◦ 0. = ◦ 0.
Later in the day an observation of the Sun is made at UT January d h m .s ; its
GHA and Dec are found from page  as follows:
d h m h m s
 January  UT   · ◦ 0
page ;  E   · Dec S  ·
page ;   diff.  −· diff.  −·
GHA   · Dec S  ·

h
The signs of the corrections from page  have been put in by inspection;  has been subtracted
from the GHA.
INTRODUCTION xv
Stars. For transit observations the LST of transit is equal to the right ascension; the
corresponding approximate mean times of transit may be obtained as follows. The earliest UT
for evening observations on  January , is about h; to a UT of h there corresponds an
LST of h m s calculated as follows:
On  January d h R = h m s (page ) + s (page ) = h m s
GST = R + UT = h m s
LST = GST + east long = h m s + h m s = h m s
For a particular star, say α Ceti (No. ), the RA is found from page , by simple interpolation, to
be h m s. ; transit therefore occurs later than h UT by a sidereal time interval of h m s;
reference to the table on page  shows that the equivalent solar time interval is s less than this,
so that transit occurs at h m s UT.
Alternatively the UT of transit may be found as follows: h m s
GST of transit = RA − east long = h m s − h m s =   
GST on  January d h UT = R + UT =   
Hence GST of transit is later than h UT by a ST interval of   
The decrement (page  using the right-hand argument) is 
Hence UT of transit = h + h m s − s =   
From page  the declination N ◦ 0 00 may be taken out without reference to the interpo-
lation table on page .
The observed meridian altitude of α Ceti is ◦ 0 00 , and the observed temperature and
pressure are ◦ C and  millibars, respectively. The mean refraction r0 corresponding to the
observed altitude is 00 ; entering the column on page  corresponding to the observed pressure
of  millibars, it is seen that the observed temperature of ◦ C is a critical value, so that the
upper of the two possible values of f , namely ·, is taken. The refraction correction is thus
00 × · = 00 and the deduced latitude is
◦ + ◦ 0 00 − ◦ 0 00 = ◦ 0 00 .
Later in the evening of  January  several stars are observed out of the meridian; two
of these are No. , β Cassiopeiæ, observed at h m s.  UT, and No. , Procyon (α CMi)
observed at h m s.  UT.
Their GHA and Dec are obtained as:
No.  No. 
h m s h m s
UT  January d   ·   ·
R (page ) h   · h   ·
Increment (pages , ) h m s.  · h m s.  ·
GST = GHA Aries   ·   ·

RA January (pages , )   ·   ·
o o
Interpolation to January  (diff. −) −· (diff. +) ·
GHA = GHA Aries − RA   ·   ·

◦ 0 00 ◦ 0 00
Dec, January (pages , ) N    N   
Interpolation to January  (diff. −) − (diff. −) −
Declination N    N   
In practice the increment to the RA and Dec will almost certainly be applied mentally, so
that only the final values are written down.
xvi INTRODUCTION
Circumpolar stars. The time of upper transit of ζ Octantis on  January , in longitude
E ◦ 00 is found as follows:
h m
Approximate RA (page )  
− Longitude (east) − 
GST of upper transit = RA− longitude (east)  
− GST on  January d h (page ) − 
ST interval from h UT to upper transit (add h because negative)  
−∆R, the correction* for an interval of h m in ST (pages –) −
UT of upper transit  
* This correction is obtained using the right-hand argument of the table on pages – by
combining three times the value of ∆R for h with the value of ∆R for h m.
For greater accuracy the value of R must be used as follows: h m s
RA (page )   
−R on  January d h (page ) −  
− Longitude (east) −  
ST interval (add h because negative)= RA − R − longitude (east)   
−∆R, the correction for an interval of h m s in ST (pages –) − 
UT of upper transit   
Pole Star. Earlier, observations had been made of Polaris for determination of latitude
and azimuth; under the same conditions as the observation of α Ceti, the observed altitude was
◦ 0 00 at UT h m s.
The factor f is ·, the mean refraction (from page ) is 00 and the refraction correction is
00 .
d h m s ◦ 0 0
UT  January     LST h m s a0 − · b0 − ·
R h    Latitude ◦ a1 · b1 ·
Increment h m s  January a2 + · b2 ·
GST    Sum − · − ·
Longitude (east) +   Obs. Alt.  · sec (lat)
Refraction − · = ·
LST    Azimuth
Latitude N  · = −·
The calculation of LST requires no explanation; it may be remarked, however, that an
accuracy of s is ample. The Pole Star Table on page  is entered with the LST just obtained;
the LST of h m is the tenth entry in the fifth column on the top portion of the page and
interpolation of a0, b0, for the m s is done mentally. In the same column a1 and b1 are taken
out, with simple interpolation, with argument latitude (here ◦ ); a2 and b2 are taken out directly
with argument month (here January).
The sum of the corrections to altitude is added to the corrected observed altitude to give
latitude. Similarly the contributions to the azimuth are summed and multiplied by sec (latitude)
from page , to give the azimuth, which is positive to the east and negative to the west.
If greater accuracy is desired the RA and Dec of Polaris may be taken from page :
RA = h m s Dec = N ◦ 0 00
and the observation reduced by direct calculation.
PLANET NOTES, 2019 1
MERCURY can be seen for a few days around greatest elongation, in the morning sky around
April 11, August 9 and November 28 (the best conditions in northern latitudes occur from late
November to early December and in southern latitudes in mid-April) and in the evening sky
around February 27, June 23 and October 20 (the best conditions in northern latitudes occur in
late February and in southern latitudes in mid-October).
VENUS is a brilliant object in the morning sky from the beginning of the year until the
second week of July when it becomes too close to the Sun for observation. It reappears in the
second half of September in the evening sky where it stays until the end of the year.
MARS is visible as a reddish object in Pisces in the evening sky at the beginning of the year.
Its eastward elongation decreases as it moves through Aries from mid-February, Taurus from
late March (passing 7◦ N of Aldebaran on April 16), into Gemini from mid-May (passing 6◦ S of
Pollux on June 23) and into Cancer in late June. It becomes too close to the Sun for observation
in mid-July. It reappears in the morning sky during the third week of October in Virgo (passing
3◦ N of Spica on November 8) and then moves into Libra early in December, where it remains for
the rest of the year.
JUPITER is visible in the morning sky in Ophiuchus at the beginning of the year. Its
westward elongation increases and from mid-March it can be seen for more than half the night. It
is at opposition on June 10 when it is visible throughout the night. By early September it can only
be seen in the evening sky. It moves into Sagittarius in mid-November and from mid-December
becomes too close to the Sun for observation.
SATURN is too close to the Sun for observation from the beginning of the year until the third
week of January when it rises just before sunrise in Sagittarius, in which constellation it remains
throughout the year. Its westward elongation increases and in mid-April it becomes visible for
more than half the night. It is at opposition on July 9 when it can be seen throughout the night.
From early October until late December it can only be seen in the evening sky and then becomes
too close to the Sun for observation for the remainder of the year.
ECLIPSES, 2019
1. A partial eclipse of the Sun on January 5-6 is visible from eastern Asia, Japan, north-
eastern Russia, northern Micronesia, south-western Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. The eclipse
begins at 23h 34m and ends at 03h 49m. The time of greatest eclipse is 01h 41m, when · of the
Sun’s diameter is obscured.
2. A total eclipse of the Moon on January 21 is visible from western Asia, most of Africa,
Europe, the Americas and the eastern part of Russia. The umbral phase begins at 03h 34m and
ends at 06h 51m. Totality lasts from 04h 41m to 05h 44m.
3. A total eclipse of the Sun on July 2. The path of totality begins east of New Zealand and
crosses south-eastern French Polynesia, central Chile and ends over the central part of eastern
Argentina. The partial phase is visible from the south-eastern part of the Pacific basin, southern
Central America and South America except the north-easternmost part. The eclipse begins at 16h
55m and ends at 21h 51m; the total phase begins at 18h 02m and ends at 20h 44m. The maximum
duration of totality is 4m 38s.
4. A partial eclipse of the Moon on July 16-17 is visible from most of Australasia, most of
Asia, Africa, Europe and South America. The umbral eclipse begins at 20h 01m and ends at 23h
00m. The time of maximum eclipse is 21h 31m when · of the Moon’s diameter is obscured.
5. An annular eclipse of the Sun on December 26th. The path of annularity begins over
eastern Saudi Arabia and crosses southern India, Singapore, Borneo, the southern Philippines
and northern Micronesia. The partial phase is visible from north-eastern Africa, the Middle East,
Asia, northern Australia and the western Pacific Ocean. The eclipse begins at 02h 30m and ends
at 08h 06m; the annular phase begins at 03h 36m and ends at 07h 00m. The maximum duration of
annularity is 3m 34s.
HMNAO @ UKHO
c British Crown Copyright 2018
2 SUN – JANUARY, 2019
UT R Dec E UT R Dec E
d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · S  ·   ·    · S  ·   ·
Sun’s SD .0 
SUNRISE
Date South Latitude North Latitude
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Jan. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
SUN – JANUARY, 2019 3
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · S  ·   ·    · S  ·   ·
Sun’s SD .0 
SUNSET
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Jan. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: Full Moon d h m Last Quarter d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
4 SUN – FEBRUARY, 2019
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.   ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · S  ·   ·    · S  ·   ·
SUNRISE
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Feb. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
SUN – FEBRUARY, 2019 5
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Wed.    ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·     · S  ·   ·
Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·
 
    · S  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   · 
   · S  ·   ·
SUNSET
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Feb. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: Full Moon d h m Last Quarter d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
6 SUN – MARCH, 2019
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · S  ·   ·    · S  ·   ·
Sun’s SD .0 
SUNRISE
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Mar. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
SUN – MARCH, 2019 7
    · S  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  · S  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · N  ·   ·    · N  ·   ·
Sun’s SD .0 
SUNSET
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Mar. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: Full Moon d h m Last Quarter d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
8 SUN – APRIL, 2019
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sun.    ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·    · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · N  ·   ·    · N  ·   ·
SUNRISE
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Apr. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
SUN – APRIL, 2019 9
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Mon.    ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·     · N  ·   ·
Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   · 
   · N  ·   ·
Sun’s SD .0 
SUNSET
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Apr. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: Full Moon d h m Last Quarter d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
10 SUN – MAY, 2019
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Tues.   ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · N  ·   ·    · N  ·   ·
Sun’s SD .0 
SUNRISE
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
May h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
SUN – MAY, 2019 11
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · N  ·   ·    · N  ·   ·
SUNSET
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
May h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: Full Moon d h m Last Quarter d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
12 SUN – JUNE, 2019
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·    · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·    · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · N  ·   ·    · N  ·   ·
SUNRISE
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
June h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
SUN – JUNE, 2019 13
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sat.    ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·     · N  ·   ·
Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   · 
   · N  ·   ·
Sun’s SD .0 
SUNSET
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
June h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: Full Moon d h m Last Quarter d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
14 SUN – JULY, 2019
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·
   
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sun.    ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · N  ·   ·    · N  ·   ·
Sun’s SD 0.
SUNRISE
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
July h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m Full Moon d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
SUN – JULY, 2019 15
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · N  ·   ·    · N  ·   ·
Sun’s SD .0 
SUNSET
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
July h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: Last Quarter d h m New Moon d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
16 SUN – AUGUST, 2019
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · N  ·   ·    · N  ·   ·
SUNRISE
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Aug. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m Full Moon d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
SUN – AUGUST, 2019 17
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · N  ·   ·    · N  ·   ·
SUNSET
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Aug. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: Last Quarter d h m New Moon d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
18 SUN – SEPTEMBER, 2019
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·    ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Fri.    ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · N  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · N  ·   ·    · N  ·   ·
SUNRISE
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Sept. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: First Quarter d h m Full Moon d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
SUN – SEPTEMBER, 2019 19
    · N  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · N  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sat.    ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · N  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Mon.   · N  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  · S  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·     · S  ·   ·
Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   · 
   · S  ·   ·
SUNSET
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Sept. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: Last Quarter d h m New Moon d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
20 SUN – OCTOBER, 2019
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · S  ·   ·    · S  ·   ·
SUNRISE
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Oct. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: First Quarter d h m Full Moon d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
SUN – OCTOBER, 2019 21
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · S  ·   ·    · S  ·   ·
SUNSET
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Oct. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: Last Quarter d h m New Moon d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
22 SUN – NOVEMBER, 2019
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Wed.    ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · S  ·   ·    · S  ·   ·
SUNRISE
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Nov. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: First Quarter d h m Full Moon d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
SUN – NOVEMBER, 2019 23
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Thur.   ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·     · S  ·   ·
Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   · 
   · S  ·   ·
SUNSET
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Nov. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: Last Quarter d h m New Moon d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
24 SUN – DECEMBER, 2019
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · S  ·   ·    · S  ·   ·
SUNRISE
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Dec. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: First Quarter d h m Full Moon d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
SUN – DECEMBER, 2019 25
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·    · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·    · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Wed.   ·  ·   ·  Thur.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Thur.  ·  ·   ·  Fri.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Fri.   ·  ·   ·  Sat.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·
   
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sat.   ·  ·   ·  Sun.   ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Sun.   ·  ·   ·  Mon.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Mon.   ·  ·   ·  Tues.  ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
    · S  ·    ·      · S  ·    · 
Tues.  ·  ·   ·  Wed.   ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
  ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   · 
   · S  ·   ·    · S  ·   ·
Sun’s SD .0 
SUNSET
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Dec. h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Moon’s Phases: Last Quarter d h m New Moon d h m
HMNAO @ UKHO
26 RIGHT ASCENSION OF STARS, 2019
No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
h m s s s s s s s s s s s s s
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 −†   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 −∗   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
The figures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the
actual date by means of the table on page .
HMNAO @ UKHO
DECLINATION OF STARS, 2019 27
No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan.
◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
 α Andromedae N               
 β Cassiopeiae N               
 Phoenicis S               
 γ Pegasi N               
 ι Ceti S               
 ζ Tucanae S               
 β Hydri S               
 κ Phoenicis S               
 α Phoenicis S               
 κ Cassiopeiae N               
 ζ Cassiopeiae N               
 δ Andromedae N               
 α Cassiopeiae N               
 β Ceti S               
 ζ Andromedae N               
 η Cassiopeiae N               
 ν Andromedae N               
 † γ Cassiopeiae N               
 µ Andromedae N               
 α Sculptoris S               
 Piscium N               
 β Phoenicis S               
 η Ceti S               
 β Andromedae N               
 θ Ceti S               
 δ Cassiopeiae N               
 γ Phoenicis S               
 η Piscium N               
 δ Phoenicis S               
 υ Andromedae N               
  Andromedae N               
 Achernar (α Eri) S               
 φ Persei N               
 τ Ceti S               
 ζ Ceti S               
 α Trianguli N               
 Cassiopeiae N               
 ψ Phoenicis S               
 β Arietis N               
 χ Eridani S               
 α Hydri S               
 υ Ceti S               
 α Piscium N               
  Cassiopeiae N               
 γ Andromedae N               
 α Arietis N               
 β Trianguli N               
 φ Eridani S               
 γ Trianguli N               
 ∗ o Ceti S               
† : mag. · ()
∗ : At maximum (mag. –) in November.
HMNAO @ UKHO
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 −   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
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 δ Hydri S               
 κ Eridani S               
 ξ Ceti N               
 δ Ceti N               
 Hydri S               
 ι Eridani S               
 γ Ceti N               
 θ Persei N               
 π Ceti S               
 µ Ceti N               
  Arietis N               
 η Persei N               
 τ Persei N               
 η Eridani S               
 ∗ θ Eridani S               
 α Ceti N               
 τ Eridani S               
 γ Persei N               
 ρ Persei N               
 Algol (β Persei) N               
 ι Persei N               
 α Fornacis S               
  Eridani S               
 BS  (Eridani) S               
 α Persei N               
 o Tauri N               
 ξ Tauri N               
 BS  (Cam) N               
  Tauri N               
 Eridani S               
 τ Eridani S               
  Tauri N               
 δ Persei N               
 δ Eridani S               
 o Persei N               
  Tauri N               
 ν Persei N               
 β Reticuli S               
 τ Eridani S               
 η Tauri N               
 γ Hydri S               
  Tauri N               
 BS  (Eridani) S               
 ζ Persei N               
 Persei N               
 γ Eridani S               
 ξ Persei N               
 δ Reticuli S               
 λ Tauri N               
 ν Tauri N               
∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00 , ◦
HMNAO @ UKHO
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
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 λ Persei N               
  Persei N               
 o Eridani S               
 µ Persei N               
 α Horologii S               
 α Reticuli S               
 µ Tauri N               
 γ Doradus S               
 υ Eridani S               
 γ Tauri N               
 δ Tauri N               
  Eridani S               
 Tauri N               
 θ Tauri N               
 α Doradus S               
 Aldebaran (α Tau) N               
 υ  Eridani S               
 ν Eridani S               
  Eridani S               
 τ Tauri N               
 µ Eridani S               
 π Orionis N               
 π Orionis N               
 α Camelopardalis N               
 π Orionis N               
 ι Aurigae N               
 Aurigae N               
 ζ Aurigae N               
 β Camelopardalis N               
 Leporis S               
 η Aurigae N               
 β Eridani S               
 λ Eridani S               
 µ Leporis S               
 Rigel (β Ori) S               
 Capella (α Aur) N               
 τ Orionis S               
 λ Leporis S               
 η Orionis S               
 Bellatrix (γ Ori) N               
 β Tauri N               
 β Leporis S               
 Columbae S               
 δ Orionis S               
 α Leporis S               
 β Doradus S               
 ∗ λ Orionis N               
 ι Orionis S               
 Orionis S               
 ζ Tauri N               
∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00 , ◦
HMNAO @ UKHO
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d −   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 −   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d −·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d −·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
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 σ Orionis S               
 α Columbae S               
 ζ Orionis S               
 γ Leporis S               
 ζ Leporis S               
 κ Orionis S               
 β Pictoris S               
 γ Pictoris S               
 ν Aurigae N               
 β Columbae S               
 δ Leporis S               
 Betelgeuse (α Ori) N               
 η Leporis S               
 γ Columbae S               
 δ Aurigae N               
 β Aurigae N               
 θ Aurigae N               
 η Columbae S               
  Geminorum N               
 ν Orionis N               
 η Geminorum N               
 κ Aurigae N               
  Lyncis N               
 ζ Canis Majoris S               
 δ Columbae S               
 µ Geminorum N               
 β Canis Majoris S               
 Monocerotis N               
 Canopus (α Car) S               
 ν Geminorum N               
 γ Geminorum N               
 ν Puppis S               
 Geminorum N               
 ξ Geminorum N               
 Sirius (α CMa) S               
 α Pictoris S               
 κ Canis Majoris S               
 τ Puppis S               
 θ Geminorum N               
 θ Canis Majoris S               
 Canis Majoris S               
 σ Canis Majoris S               
 o Canis Majoris S               
 ζ Geminorum N               
 γ Canis Majoris S               
 δ Canis Majoris S               
 ∗ γ Volantis S               
 δ Monocerotis S               
 I Puppis S               
 ω Canis Majoris S               
∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00 , ◦
HMNAO @ UKHO
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
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 π Puppis S               
 λ Geminorum N               
 δ Volantis S               
 δ Geminorum N               
 η Canis Majoris S               
 ι Geminorum N               
 β Canis Minoris N               
 ρ Geminorum N               
 σ Puppis S               
 ∗ Castor (α Gem) N               
 υ Geminorum N               
 Procyon (α CMi) N               
 α Monocerotis S               
 ζ Volantis S               
 κ Geminorum N               
 Pollux (β Gem) N               
 c Puppis S               
 ξ Puppis S               
 BS  (Puppis) S               
 χ Carinae S               
 ζ Puppis S               
 ρ Puppis S               
 γ  Velorum S               
 β Cancri N               
 BS  (Puppis) S               
  Lyncis N               
 θ Chamaeleontis S               
 Carinae S               
 BS  (Hydrae) S               
 β Volantis S               
 o Ursae Majoris N               
 δ Hydrae N               
 BS  (Velorum) S               
 o Velorum S               
 BS  (Velorum) S               
 α Pyxidis S               
 δ Cancri N               
 δ Velorum S               
 ι Cancri N               
 Hydrae N               
 γ Pyxidis S               
 ζ Hydrae N               
 BS  (Carinae) S               
 α Cancri N               
 ι Ursae Majoris N               
 BS  (Lyncis) N               
 BS  (Velorum) S               
 κ Ursae Majoris N               
 α Volantis S               
 BS  (Velorum) S               
∗ : position refers to the A component.
HMNAO @ UKHO
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 −   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
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 λ Velorum S               
 a Carinae S               
 β Carinae S               
 θ Hydrae N               
 ι Carinae S               
  Lyncis N               
 α Lyncis N               
 κ Velorum S               
 α Hydrae S               
  Ursae Majoris N               
 ψ Velorum S               
 N Velorum S               
 θ Ursae Majoris N               
 ι Hydrae S               
 o Leonis N               
 Leonis N               
 l Carinae S               
 υ Carinae S               
 υ Ursae Majoris N               
 µ Leonis N               
 φ Velorum S               
 η Leonis N               
 Regulus (α Leo) N               
 λ Hydrae S               
 ω Carinae S               
 BS  (Velorum) S               
 ζ Leonis N               
 λ Ursae Majoris N               
 BS  (Carinae) S               
 ∗ γ  Leonis N               
 µ Ursae Majoris N               
 I Carinae S               
 µ Hydrae S               
 α Antliae S               
 β Leonis Minoris N               
 BS  (Carinae) S               
 BS  (Carinae) S               
 ρ Leonis N               
 γ Chamaeleontis S               
 BS  (Velorum) S               
 θ Carinae S               
 µ Velorum S               
 ν Hydrae S               
  Leonis Minoris N               
 u Carinae S               
 α Crateris S               
 β Ursae Majoris N               
 Dubhe (α UMa) N               
 BS  (Carinae) S               
 ψ Ursae Majoris N               
∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00 , ◦
HMNAO @ UKHO
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
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 δ Leonis N               
 θ Leonis N               
 ξ Ursae Majoris N               
 ν Ursae Majoris N               
 δ Crateris S               
 σ Leonis N               
 π Centauri S               
 γ Crateris S               
 λ Draconis N               
 ξ Hydrae S               
 λ Centauri S               
 λ Muscae S               
 ν Virginis N               
 χ Ursae Majoris N               
 BS  (Centauri) S               
 Denebola (β Leo) N               
 β Virginis N               
 γ Ursae Majoris N               
 o Virginis N               
 δ Centauri S               
 Corvi S               
 δ Crucis S               
 δ Ursae Majoris N               
 γ Corvi S               
 β Chamaeleontis S               
 η Virginis S               
 Crucis S               
 ∗ α Crucis S               
 σ Centauri S               
 δ Corvi S               
 γ Crucis S               
 γ Muscae S               
 κ Draconis N               
 β Canum Venat. N               
 β Corvi S               
 α Muscae S               
 γ Centauri S               
 ∗ γ Virginis S               
 β Muscae S               
 β Crucis S               
 BS  (Centauri) S               
 Ursae Majoris N               
 δ Virginis N               
 α Canum Venat. N               
 δ Muscae S               
 Virginis N               
 ξ Centauri S               
 θ Virginis S               
 β Comae Ber. N               
 γ Hydrae S               
∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00 , ◦ , ·, 00 , ◦
HMNAO @ UKHO
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
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 ι Centauri S               
 ∗ ζ Ursae Majoris N               
 Spica (α Vir) S               
 d Centauri S               
 ζ Virginis S               
 Centauri S               
  Centauri S               
 η Ursae Majoris N               
 ν Centauri S               
 µ Centauri S               
 η Bootis N               
 ζ Centauri S               
 τ Virginis N               
 β Centauri S               
 α Draconis N               
 π Hydrae S               
 θ Centauri S               
 κ Virginis S               
 Arcturus (α Boo) N               
 ι Virginis S               
 λ Bootis N               
 v Centauri S               
 ψ Centauri S               
 θ Bootis N               
  Ursae Minoris N               
 ρ Bootis N               
 γ Bootis N               
 η Centauri S               
 ∗ α Centauri S               
 ζ Bootis N               
 α Lupi S               
 α Circini S               
 µ Virginis S               
 BS  (Centauri) S               
 Bootis N               
 α Apodis S               
  Virginis N               
 α Librae S               
 β Ursae Minoris N               
 β Lupi S               
 κ Centauri S               
 β Bootis N               
 σ Librae S               
 κ Lupi S               
 ζ Lupi S               
 δ Bootis N               
 β Circini S               
 β Librae S               
 γ Trianguli Aust. S               
 δ Lupi S               
∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00 , ◦ , ·, 00 , ◦
HMNAO @ UKHO
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
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 φ Lupi S               
 γ Ursae Minoris N               
 Lupi S               
 µ Bootis N               
 ι Draconis N               
 β Coronae Bor. N               
 θ Coronae Bor. N               
 γ Lupi S               
 ∗ δ Serpentis N               
 α Coronae Bor. N               
 γ Librae S               
 Trianguli Aust. S               
 υ Librae S               
 τ Librae S               
 γ Coronae Bor. N               
 α Serpentis N               
 ζ Ursae Minoris N               
 β Serpentis N               
 κ Serpentis N               
 µ Serpentis S               
 χ Lupi S               
 Serpentis N               
 β Trianguli Aust. S               
 γ Serpentis N               
 Coronae Bor. N               
 π Scorpii S               
 η Lupi S               
 δ Scorpii S               
 θ Draconis N               
 β Scorpii S               
 θ Lupi S               
 φ Herculis N               
 δ Ophiuchi S               
 δ Trianguli Aust. S               
 Ophiuchi S               
 γ Normae S               
 τ Herculis N               
 σ Scorpii S               
 γ Herculis N               
 η Draconis N               
 Antares (α Sco) S               
 β Herculis N               
 γ Apodis S               
 λ Ophiuchi N               
 N Scorpii S               
 σ Herculis N               
 τ Scorpii S               
 ζ Ophiuchi S               
 ζ Herculis N               
 η Herculis N               
∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00 , ◦
HMNAO @ UKHO
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
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 α Trianguli Aust. S               
 η Arae S               
 Ursae Minoris N               
 Scorpii S               
 µ Scorpii S               
 µ Scorpii S               
 ζ Scorpii S               
 ι Ophiuchi N               
 κ Ophiuchi N               
 ζ Arae S               
  Arae S               
 Herculis N               
 ζ Draconis N               
 η Ophiuchi S               
 η Scorpii S               
 ∗ α Herculis N               
 δ Herculis N               
 π Herculis N               
 θ Ophiuchi S               
 β Arae S               
 γ Arae S               
  Ophiuchi S               
 σ Ophiuchi N               
  Ophiuchi S               
 δ Arae S               
 υ Scorpii S               
 λ Herculis N               
 β Draconis N               
 α Arae S               
 λ Scorpii S               
 α Ophiuchi N               
 θ Scorpii S               
 ξ Serpentis S               
 ι Herculis N               
 κ Scorpii S               
 β Ophiuchi N               
 η Pavonis S               
 µ Herculis N               
 ι Scorpii S               
 γ Ophiuchi N               
 G Scorpii S               
 ξ Draconis N               
 θ Herculis N               
 γ Draconis N               
 ξ Herculis N               
 ν Ophiuchi S               
  Ophiuchi N               
 γ Sagittarii S               
 θ Arae S               
  Ophiuchi N               
∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00 , ◦
HMNAO @ UKHO
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
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 o Herculis N               
 µ Sagittarii S               
 η Sagittarii S               
 κ Lyrae N               
 δ Sagittarii S               
 η Serpentis S               
 ξ Pavonis S               
 χ Draconis N               
 Sagittarii S               
  Herculis N               
 α Telescopii S               
 λ Sagittarii S               
 α Scuti S               
 Vega (α Lyrae) N               
 ζ Pavonis S               
 φ Sagittarii S               
  Herculis N               
 β Scuti S               
  Herculis N               
 β Lyrae N               
 λ Pavonis S               
 σ Sagittarii S               
 R Lyrae N               
 ξ Sagittarii S               
 γ Lyrae N               
 Aquilae N               
 ζ Sagittarii S               
 o Sagittarii S               
 ζ Aquilae N               
 λ Aquilae S               
 τ Sagittarii S               
 α Coronae Aust. S               
 π Sagittarii S               
 δ Draconis N               
 θ Lyrae N               
 κ Cygni N               
 ρ Sagittarii S               
 β Sagittarii S               
 α Sagittarii S               
 δ Aquilae N               
 ι Cygni N               
 β Cygni N               
 β Sagittae N               
 δ Cygni N               
 γ Aquilae N               
 δ Sagittae N               
 Draconis N               
 Altair (α Aql) N               
 η Aquilae N               
 ι Sagittarii S               
HMNAO @ UKHO
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
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 β Aquilae N               
 η Cygni N               
 γ Sagittae N               
 Pavonis S               
 θ Sagittarii S               
 δ Pavonis S               
 κ Cephei N               
 θ Aquilae S               
  Cygni N               
 o Cygni N               
 α Capricorni S               
 β Capricorni S               
 γ Cygni N               
 α Pavonis S               
  Cygni N               
 θ Cephei N               
 Delphini N               
 α Indi S               
 β Delphini N               
 α Delphini N               
 Deneb (α Cygni) N               
 β Pavonis S               
 ψ Capricorni S               
 η Cephei N               
 Cygni N               
 Aquarii S               
 ω Capricorni S               
 β Indi S               
 ν Cygni N               
 ξ Cygni N               
 θ Capricorni S               
 ζ Cygni N               
 τ Cygni N               
 α Equulei N               
 σ Cygni N               
 υ Cygni N               
 α Cephei N               
 ι Capricorni S               
  Pegasi N               
 γ Pavonis S               
 ζ Capricorni S               
 β Cephei N               
 β Aquarii S               
 ρ Cygni N               
 γ Capricorni S               
 ν Octantis S               
 µ Cephei N               
 Pegasi N               
 ι Piscis Aust. S               
 ν Cephei N               
HMNAO @ UKHO
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
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 δ Capricorni S               
 π Cygni N               
 γ Gruis S               
 α Aquarii S               
 ι Aquarii S               
 ι Pegasi N               
 α Gruis S               
 π Pegasi N               
 θ Pegasi N               
 ζ Cephei N               
 θ Aquarii S               
 α Tucanae S               
 γ Aquarii S               
 ζ Aquarii N               
 δ Gruis S               
 δ Cephei N               
 β Piscis Aust. S               
 α Lacertae N               
 η Aquarii S               
 Piscis Aust. S               
 ζ Pegasi N               
 β Gruis S               
 η Pegasi N               
 β Octantis S               
 λ Pegasi N               
 Gruis S               
 τ Aquarii S               
 ι Cephei N               
 µ Pegasi N               
 λ Aquarii S               
 δ Aquarii S               
 Fomalhaut (α PsA) S               
 ζ Gruis S               
 o Andromedae N               
 β Pegasi N               
 α Pegasi N               
  Aquarii S               
 ι Gruis S               
 φ Aquarii S               
 γ Piscium N               
 γ Tucanae S               
  Aquarii S               
 θ Piscium N               
 β Sculptoris S               
 λ Andromedae N               
 ι Andromedae N               
 γ Cephei N               
 ι Piscium N               
 κ Andromedae N               
 ω Piscium N               
HMNAO @ UKHO
52 RIGHT ASCENSION OF SUPPLEMENTARY STARS, 2019
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
DECLINATION OF SUPPLEMENTARY STARS, 2019 53
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  Cassiopeiae N               
  Cassiopeiae N               
 BS  (Cephei) N               
 BS  (Cephei) N               
 BS  (Cephei) N               
 BS  (Cam) N               
 BS  (Cam) N               
 BS  (Cam) N               
 BS  (Draconis) N               
 BS  (Draconis) N               
 BS  (Cam) N               
 ∗ BS  (Cam) N               
  Ursae Minoris N               
  Ursae Minoris N               
 β Ursae Minoris N               
 ζ Ursae Minoris N               
 η Ursae Minoris N               
 Ursae Minoris N               
  Draconis N               
  Draconis N               
 κ Cephei N               
  Draconis N               
 BS  (Cephei) N               
 π Cephei N               
 γ Cephei N               
 θ Octantis S               
 β Hydri S               
 ν Hydri S               
 γ Hydri S               
 α Mensae S               
 α Chamaeleontis S               
 θ Chamaeleontis S               
 ζ Chamaeleontis S               
 γ Chamaeleontis S               
 δ Chamaeleontis S               
 Chamaeleontis S               
 κ Chamaeleontis S               
 β Chamaeleontis S               
 ι Muscae S               
 η Apodis S               
 δ Octantis S               
 α Apodis S               
 R Apodis S               
 ∗ δ Apodis S               
 γ Apodis S               
 β Apodis S               
 α Octantis S               
 ν Octantis S               
 Octantis S               
 β Octantis S               
∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00 , ◦ , ·, 00 , ◦
HMNAO @ UKHO
54 NORTHERN CIRCUMPOLAR STARS, 2019
Name BS  α Ursae Min. BS  δ Ursae Min. BS 
(Cephei) (Polaris) (Cephei) (Cephei)
Mag. · · · · ·
Date RA Dec RA Dec RA Dec RA Dec RA Dec GST
h UT h N ◦ h N ◦ h N ◦ h N ◦ h N ◦
m s 0 00 m s 0 00 m s 0 00 m s 0 00 m s 0 00 h m
Jan.                       
                      
                      
                      
Feb.                       
                      
Mar.                       
                      
                      
Apr.                       
                      
                      
May                       
                      
                      
                      
June                       
                      
                      
July                       
                      
                      
Aug.                       
                      
                      
Sept.                       
                      
                      
Oct.                       
                      
                      
Nov.                       
                      
                      
Dec.                       
                      
                      
                      
HMNAO @ UKHO
SOUTHERN CIRCUMPOLAR STARS, 2019 55
Name ζ Octantis ι Octantis χ Octantis σ Octantis τ Octantis
Mag. · · · · ·

Date RA Dec RA Dec RA Dec RA Dec RA Dec GST
h UT h S ◦ h S ◦ h S ◦ h S ◦ h S ◦
m s 0 00 m s 0 00 m s 0 00 m s 0 00 m s 0 00 h m
Jan.                       
                      
                      
                      
Feb.                       
                      
Mar.                       
                      
                      
Apr.                       
                      
                      
May                       
                      
                      
                      
June                       
                      
                      
July                       
                      
                      
Aug.                       
                      
                      
Sept.                       
                      
                      
Oct.                       
                      
                      
Nov.                       
                      
                      
Dec.                       
                      
                      
                      
HMNAO @ UKHO
56 POLARIS TABLE, 2019
LST h h h h h h
a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0
m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 − · + · − · + · − · + · − · − · − · − · − · − ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 − · + · − · + · − · + · − · − · − · − · − · − ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 − · + · − · + · − · + · − · − · − · − · − · − ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 − · + · − · + · − · + · − · − · − · − · − · − ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · + · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · − · · · · · · ·
 − · + · − · + · − · − · − · − · − · − · − · − ·
Lat. a1 b1 a1 b1 a1 b1 a1 b1 a1 b1 a1 b1
◦
 −· −· · −· · −· · +· · +· −· +·
 −· −· · −· · −· · +· · +· −· +·
 −· −· · −· · · · +· · +· −· +·
 · −· · −· · · · · · +· −· +·
 · −· · −· · · · · · +· · +·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · +· · · · · · · · · · −·
 · +· · +· · · · · · −· · −·
 +· +· · +· · · · · · −· +· −·
 +· +· · +· · · · −· · −· +· −·
 +· +· · +· · +· · −· · −· +· −·
Month a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2
Jan. +· −· +· · +· · +· · +· +· +· +·
Feb. +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· ·
Mar. −· −· · −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −·
Apr. −· −· −· −· −· −· · −· +· −· +· −·
May −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· · −· +· −·
June −· · −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −·
July −· +· −· · −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −·
Aug. −· +· −· +· −· +· −· · −· −· −· −·
Sept. −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· ·
Oct. +· +· +· +· · +· −· +· −· +· −· +·
Nov. +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· · +· −· +·
Dec. +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· · +·
Latitude = Corrected observed altitude of Polaris + a0 + a1 + a2
Azimuth of Polaris = (b0 + b1 + b2 ) / cos (latitude)
HMNAO @ UKHO
POLARIS TABLE, 2019 57
LST h h h h h h
a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0
m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 − · − · − · − · − · − · + · − · + · − · + · − ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 − · − · − · − · − · − · + · − · + · − · + · − ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 − · − · − · − · − · − · + · − · + · − · + · − ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 − · − · − · − · − · − · + · − · + · − · + · − ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · − · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · + · · · · · · · ·
 − · − · − · − · + · − · + · − · + · − · + · − ·
◦
 −· +· −· +· −· +· −· −· −· −· −· −·
 −· +· −· +· −· +· −· −· −· −· −· −·
 −· +· −· +· −· · −· −· −· −· −· −·
 −· +· −· +· −· · −· · −· −· −· −·
 −· +· −· +· −· · −· · −· −· · −·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · −· · · +· · +· · · · · +·
 +· −· +· −· +· · +· · +· +· +· +·
 +· −· +· −· +· · +· · +· +· +· +·
 +· −· +· −· +· · +· +· +· +· +· +·
 +· −· +· −· +· −· +· +· +· +· +· +·
Jan. +· +· · +· · +· · +· −· +· −· +·
Feb. +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· · +·
Mar. +· −· +· · +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +·
Apr. +· −· +· −· +· −· +· · +· +· +· +·
May +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· · +· +·
June · −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −·
July −· −· · −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −·
Aug. −· −· −· −· −· −· · −· +· −· +· −·
Sept. −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· · −·
Oct. −· +· −· +· −· · −· −· −· −· −· −·
Nov. −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· · −· −·
Dec. −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
58 POLARIS TABLE, 2019
LST h h h h h h
a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0
m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 + · − · + · − · + · − · + · + · + · + · + · + ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 + · − · + · − · + · − · + · + · + · + · + · + ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 + · − · + · − · + · − · + · + · + · + · + · + ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 + · − · + · − · + · − · + · + · + · + · + · + ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · − · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · + · · · · · · ·
 + · − · + · − · + · + · + · + · + · + · + · + ·
◦
 −· −· · −· · −· · +· · +· −· +·
 −· −· · −· · −· · +· · +· −· +·
 −· −· · −· · · · +· · +· −· +·
 · −· · −· · · · · · +· −· +·
 · −· · −· · · · · · +· · +·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · +· · · · · · · · · · −·
 · +· · +· · · · · · −· · −·
 +· +· · +· · · · · · −· +· −·
 +· +· · +· · · · −· · −· +· −·
 +· +· · +· · +· · −· · −· +· −·
Jan. −· +· −· · −· · −· · −· −· −· −·
Feb. −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· ·
Mar. +· +· · +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +·
Apr. +· +· +· +· +· +· · +· −· +· −· +·
May +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· · +· −· +·
June +· · +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +·
July +· −· +· · +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +·
Aug. +· −· +· −· +· −· +· · +· +· +· +·
Sept. +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· ·
Oct. −· −· −· −· · −· +· −· +· −· +· −·
Nov. −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· · −· +· −·
Dec. −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· · −·
HMNAO @ UKHO
POLARIS TABLE, 2019 59
LST h h h h h h
a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0
m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 + · + · + · + · + · + · − · + · − · + · − · + ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 + · + · + · + · + · + · − · + · − · + · − · + ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 + · + · + · + · + · + · − · + · − · + · − · + ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 + · + · + · + · + · + · − · + · − · + · − · + ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 + · + · + · + · − · + · − · + · − · + · − · + ·
◦
 −· +· −· +· −· +· −· −· −· −· −· −·
 −· +· −· +· −· +· −· −· −· −· −· −·
 −· +· −· +· −· · −· −· −· −· −· −·
 −· +· −· +· −· · −· · −· −· −· −·
 −· +· −· +· −· · −· · −· −· · −·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · · · · · · · · · · · ·
 · −· · · +· · +· · · · · +·
 +· −· +· −· +· · +· · +· +· +· +·
 +· −· +· −· +· · +· · +· +· +· +·
 +· −· +· −· +· · +· +· +· +· +· +·
 +· −· +· −· +· −· +· +· +· +· +· +·
Jan. −· −· · −· · −· · −· +· −· +· −·
Feb. −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· · −·
Mar. −· +· −· · −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −·
Apr. −· +· −· +· −· +· −· · −· −· −· −·
May −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· · −· −·
June · +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +·
July +· +· · +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +·
Aug. +· +· +· +· +· +· · +· −· +· −· +·
Sept. +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· · +·
Oct. +· −· +· −· +· · +· +· +· +· +· +·
Nov. +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· · +· +·
Dec. +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
60 LIST OF RADIO TIME SIGNALS
Call sign Frequency Power Notes on signals
Station (kHz) (kW) (All times are in UTC)
MSF   Continuous except for maintenance, search NPL web site
Anthorn www.npl.co.uk for MSF Outages.
England Second markers  ms; minute markers  ms; both
markers interruption of carrier. Seconds - carry
information for the current minute about DUT, and
the remaining seconds convey the time and date code.
DCF77 ·  Continuous.

Mainflingen M-Minute markers. Markers interruption of carrier;
Germany no interruption at s.
RWM    Continuous except between h–h on some Wednesdays.

Moscow    Second markers  ms and  ms, minute markers  ms.
Russia    Call sign in morse m–m and m–m. DUT coded
(Russian system) between m–m and m–m.
JJY Continuous. Minute marker pulse s. . Call sign in morse

Otakadoya-yama   at m and m hourly.
Hagane-yama  
Japan
WWVH *    Continuous. Second markers  ms of · kHz tone, minute

Kauai, Kekaha    markers  ms of · kHz tone; hour markers  ms of
Hawaii    · kHz tone; no audio tone between m–m, m–m,
U.S.A.    m–m, m–m. Voice station identification at m & m.
WWV *   · Continuous. Second markers  ms of  kHz tone, minute

Fort Collins    markers  ms of  kHz tone, hour markers  ms of
Colorado    · kHz tone; no audio tone between m–m, m–m,
U.S.A.    m–m. Voice station identification at m and m.
  ·
WWVB *   Continuous. One pulse/second special binary time code.

Fort Collins Gives minutes, hours, days, DUT1, year, DST.
Colorado Identified by unique time code and a ◦ carrier phase shift
U.S.A. between m and m hourly.
CHU *    Continuous. Second markers  ms, minute markers

Ottawa     ms, hour markers s; silence at s.
Canada    Bilingual station identification and time announcement
of UTC between s–s.
LOL    Mon.-Fri. h–h local time. Second and minute

Buenos Aires markers  ms with either  kHz or  Hz tone.
Argentina Voice announcement of time (UTC−h).
* See note opposite.
HMNAO @ UKHO
LIST OF RADIO TIME SIGNALS 61
NOTES ON RADIO TIME SIGNALS
The list of radio time signals is restricted to the principal signals that are likely to be used
by land surveyors. The details of the transmissions are believed to be correct at March , but
the signals are liable to changes at short notice. An extended list of radio time signals is given
in The Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume ; this is published by the UK Hydrographic
Office (www.admiralty.co.uk) and is obtainable from the Agents for the sale of Admiralty Charts.
Details of amendments to the signals are given in Section VI of the Weekly Edition of Admiralty
Notices to Mariners (published as for the Admiralty List). The weekly notices are available at
https://www.admiralty.co.uk/maritime-safety-information/admiralty-notices-to-mariners.
The signals in the list are all based on the system of coordinated universal time (UTC) that
was introduced in  January . This system is derived from the international atomic time scale
(TAI), and differs from it only by an integral number of seconds, but step adjustments of  second
are made from time to time in order that UTC shall not differ from UT, which corresponds
to mean solar time on the meridian of Greenwich, by more than · seconds. Any such step
adjustments are normally made at the last UTC second of December  and June , but may
be made at the end of any other month if this is necessary in order to maintain compatibility
with UT. The signals indicated (*) are coded by emphasising some seconds markers to give
DUT, the predicted value of UT − UTC rounded to a precision of · seconds. If the seconds
markers from s to ns are emphasised, the difference is + n × · seconds; if the seconds markers
from s to ( + m)s are emphasised, the difference is − m × · seconds (n and m are always
less than or equal to ). The appropriate seconds markers may be emphasised by lengthening,
doubling, splitting or tone modulation of the normal seconds markers. In reducing observations it
is possible either to apply corrections to all the times to reduce them to UT (e.g. by incorporating
them with the corrections to the chronometer) or to apply corrections to the deduced positions.
The correction in longitude in seconds of arc, measured positively to the east, is equal to minus
fifteen times the difference UT − UTC in seconds of time. Provisional values in seconds (s)
of the differences UT − UTC and TAI − UTC, are given in the weekly International Earth
Rotation Service (IERS) Bulletin A, obtainable from National Earth Orientation Service, US
Naval Observatory, Washington DC  − , United States of America. The Internet
address is http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/earth-orientation.
In all cases the commencement of each minute and second marker indicates the timing
reference point. In the case of JJY a lengthened additional marker gives previous notice that the
next second is the minute marker.
Warning: The “-pips” time-signals broadcast in the World Service of the BBC are not
intended for precise use. Digital radio broadcasts are subject to delays between s to s. Analogue
radio broadcasts are accurate to the second. In direct transmissions from the UK the start of the
long final pip will normally be received within s.  of UTC, but signals from relay stations abroad
may be subject to additional delays of s. .
HMNAO @ UKHO
62 REFRACTION TABLES
MEAN REFRACTION, ro
Alt. r Alt. r Alt. r Alt. r Alt. r Alt. r Alt. r
◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0
  00   00   00   00   00   00   00
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
      
             
   
       
In critical cases ascend.
Refraction = r × f, where r is the mean refraction and f is the correcting factor on pages 63, 64.
HMNAO @ UKHO
REFRACTION TABLES 63
HMNAO @ UKHO
64 REFRACTION TABLES
HMNAO @ UKHO
NATURAL SECANTS 65
HMNAO @ UKHO
66 TABLE FOR CONVERSION
HMNAO @ UKHO
TABLE FOR CONVERSION 67
HMNAO @ UKHO
68 TABLE FOR CIRCUM-MERIDIAN OBSERVATIONS
HMNAO @ UKHO
CONVERSION OF TIME TO ARC 69
h h h h h h s.  s.  s.  s.  s. 
m ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 s 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
The left-hand portion of the table gives the arc equivalent of each minute of time less than
h; for larger intervals note that h = ◦ ; h = ◦ ; h = ◦ . The right-hand portion gives
the equivalent of seconds, and fifths of seconds, of time.
HMNAO @ UKHO
70 INTERPOLATION TABLE FOR R
MUTUAL CONVERSION OF INTERVALS OF SOLAR AND SIDEREAL TIME
solar sidereal solar sidereal solar sidereal solar sidereal
∆R ∆R ∆R ∆R
h h h h h h h h
m s m s m s m s m s m s m s m s
 · s  ·  · s  ·  · s  ·  · s  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·
Add ∆R to solar time interval (left-hand argument) to obtain sidereal time interval.
Subtract ∆R from sidereal time interval (right-hand argument) to obtain solar time interval.
HMNAO @ UKHO
INTERPOLATION TABLE FOR R 71
∆R ∆R ∆R ∆R
h h h h h h h h
 · s  ·  · s  ·  · s  ·  · s  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
·
 ·  ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
72 INTERPOLATION TABLE FOR R
∆R ∆R ∆R ∆R
h h h h h h h h
 · s  ·  · s  ·  · s  ·  · s  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
· · · ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
·
 ·  ·
HMNAO @ UKHO
INTERPOLATION TABLE FOR SUN 73
Time Tabular six-hourly difference
diff.                        
h m
                         
                        
                        
                        
                        
                         
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                         
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                         
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                         
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                         
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                         
INTERPOLATION TABLE FOR STARS

Day
of Monthly difference
month                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
HMNAO @ UKHO
74 POLYNOMIAL COEFFICIENTS FOR R AND SUN, 2019
As an alternative to the main tabulations of R and Sun on pages –, monthly sets of polynomial
coefficients are given on the opposite page. The coefficients have been included to enable users
who possess small programmable electronic calculators to evaluate R and Sun directly without
recourse to interpolation tables.
Formulae for the evaluation of the polynomials are given beneath the tabulations. The polynomial
series for Dec and E may be evaluated efficiently by using the second expression in which the
interpolating factor x is used as a constant multiplier and the formation of the separate powers of
x is avoided; the algorithm may be written as
bn+1 = bn x + a4−n, for n =  to 
where b1 = a4 and b5 = required value. Particular care must be taken to ensure that the coefficients
are entered with the correct signs; check sums are provided for checking that the coefficients have
been entered correctly.
Example for  January d h m s.  UT.
x = · / = · 
R = +h.   + h.   x = h.   = h m s
Dec E
b1 − ·  b2 − ·  b1 − ·  b2 + · 
b3 + ·  b4 + ·  b3 + ·  b4 − · 
b5 − ·  = S ◦ 0 00 b5 + ·  = h m s
SD = +◦.   − ◦.   x = ◦.   = 0 00
Parallax. If the full accuracy of the polynomial coefficients is to be used then it is necessary to
correct the observed altitude of the Sun for parallax by adding 00.  cos (altitude).
Accuracy of the Polynomial Method. Estimates of the standard error and the maximum error that
can arise using the polynomials are given below.
R Dec E SD
Standard error s.  00.  s.  00. 
Maximum error s.  00.  s.  00. 
The error distribution is approximately Gaussian over a long period of time, but errors on a given
day for a particular quantity are likely to be systematic. If the values from the polynomials are
rounded before use to 00 for Dec and SD and s.  for R and E, then additional rounding errors are
introduced, and the maximum possible errors are increased to 00.  for Dec, 00.  for SD, and s. 
for R and s.  for E.
Conversion of GST to UT. For planning purposes it may be useful to find the approximate values
of UT corresponding to given values of GST on a particular day d. The series for R may be
used. First calculate GST at h UT on the day concerned from a0 + (d/)a1.
Then
UT = (GST − GST at h UT) × · 
since a mean value of the rate of increase of GST with UT may be used.
For example, suppose we wish to find the UT corresponding to h m s GST on 
January .
GST at h UT on  January  = h.  
(or the value h m s.  may be taken directly from the main tabulation on page ). Hence
UT = (h.   − h.  ) × ·  = h.   = h m s
where h has been added to GST to make the term in parentheses positive.
HMNAO @ UKHO
POLYNOMIAL COEFFICIENTS FOR R AND SUN, 2019 75
R R R R
h h h h
a0 Jan. + · Apr. + · July + · Oct. + ·
a1 + · + · + · + ·
a0 Feb. + · May + · Aug. + · Nov. + ·
a1 + · + · + · + ·
a0 Mar. + · June + · Sept. + · Dec. + ·
a1 + · + · + · + ·
Dec E Dec E Dec E
◦ h ◦ h ◦ h
a0 Jan. − · + · May + · + · Sept. + · + ·
a1 + · − · + · + · − · + ·
a2 + · + · − · − · − · + ·
a3 − · + · − · − · + · − ·
a4 − · − · + · + · + · + ·
Check sum− · + · + · + · − · + ·
a0 Feb. − · + · June + · + · Oct. − · + ·
a1 + · − · + · − · − · + ·
a2 + · + · − · − · + · − ·
a3 − · + · − · + · + · − ·
a4 + · − · + · + · + · + ·
Check sum− · + · + · + · − · + ·
a0 Mar. − · + · July + · + · Nov. − · + ·
a1 + · + · − · − · − · + ·
a2 + · + · − · + · + · − ·
a3 − · − · + · + · + · − ·
a4 + · − · + · − · − · + ·
Check sum+ · + · + · + · − · + ·
a0 Apr. + · + · Aug. + · + · Dec. − · + ·
a1 + · + · − · + · − · − ·
a2 − · − · − · + · + · − ·
a3 − · − · + · − · + · + ·
a4 + · + · + · − · − · + ·
Check sum+ · + · + · + · − · + ·
SUN’S SEMI-DIAMETER (SD)
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
a0 Jan. + · Apr. + · July + · Oct. + ·
a1 − · − · + · + ·
a0 Feb. + · May + · Aug. + · Nov. + ·
a1 − · − · + · + ·
a0 Mar. + · June + · Sept. + · Dec. + ·
a1 − · − · + · + ·
The interpolating factor x = d/, where d is the sum of the day of the month and the decimal
of the day in UT.
R and SD are computed from a0 + a1x where a0, a1 are given in the table.
Dec and E are computed from the polynomial:
a0 + a1x + a2x2 + a3x3 + a4x4 ≡ (((a4x + a3)x + a2)x + a1)x + a0
The coefficients for each month are valid for  ≤ x ≤ . To obtain full accuracy x should be
calculated to seven decimal places.
HMNAO @ UKHO
76 STAR CHARTS
NORTHERN STARS
6
ORION 10o ν ξ
HO
ON U
SI 4
γ
8 RS
C EN γ
α ζ η μ OF
AS δ ε TAU
RUS
δ
RI
G
HT β κ
ε
GE M CA
HT
G
INI NC
30o
RI
ER
IC
AS
IP T
η
OF
δ α
CE
ι
CL ES
β
θ
RS
E AD α
NS
EI AURIGA EC
U
PL η LI
IO
ζ
HO
PT
N
α β ι IC
S ε ε
EU LY
RS
10
NX
2
PE
50o
IE
AR
δ
α
ε
δ
α
β
UM
α
LIS
γ
DA ι
UL
β
α AR
γ
1
OP β
NG
ES
L
η
ME
TR β
IA
CA
PISC
γ
γ
LEO
α
LEO
θ
MIN
β
70o
μ
β
OR
ζ
EIA
θ
URS
MAJO
δ
δ
SIOP
ψ
β
ANDROMEDA
A
δ
γ
α
CAS
R
γ
β
α
12
0
ICI
PEGASUS
δ
SA
VENAT
OR
UR
β
IN
ε
M
δ
CANES
α
β
LAC
ES
β
α
γ
β
ENIC
α
ERT
α
β
CE
BER
A
η
70o
PH
GO ε
δ ζ
EU
A
η ι
COM
S
VIR
ζ
DRACO
α
γ
η
CY γ β β S
G
TE
N γ
O
α
δ 50o
BO
S ε
14
22
ε δ
ζ
ε
ULES R.
HERC η BO
α . β
C OR ζ
DE π α
LP
HI ζ
α NU γ β LYRA
S β ε
β
γ SA 30o
ε GIT
β β NS
TA
β μ γ R PE
δ SE
γ
20
16
AQ
UIL ζ α
A S
α IU CHU
OPH
MAGNITUDE 10o VARIABLE STARS
1.5 and brighter 18 A fixed magnitude
2.5 and brighter to 1.5 has been adopted for
3.5 and brighter to 2.5 each variable star.
Fainter than 3.5
Untabulated stars
EQUATORIAL STARS (RA 12 h to 24 h )
24 22 20 18 16 14 12 o
β 30
North
North
α β CYGNUS ε β COMA
β μ α
δ COR. BOR. BERENICES
o PEGASUS HERCULES β
20 1
DELPHINUS γ
SAGITTA
β
γ BOOTES α η 20o
α β
α α
γ β ζ α ζ
o ζ ε γ ε
10 ε α 10o
DECLINATION
DECLINATION
PISCES κ ο
α α
β
γ δ β δ
EQUULEUS SERPENS SERPENS
o α VIRGO
0 EC θ
0o
LIP η OPHIUCHUS δ ζ γ
TIC β λ β
AQUILA ε
α β
o ε ν
10 AQUARIUS
α2 SCUTUM
κ α 10o
ζ IC
ι β ξ γ α2 IPT CORVUS
δ δ SAGITTARIUS η ECL δ γ
o γ β
20 ζ
π
LIBRA γ 20o
CAPRICORNUS SCORPIUS δ
α σ β ε
South
σ
South
PISCIS σ λ π
o AUSTRINUS α τ θ τ π HYDRA
30 φ 30o
24 22 20 ζ δ 18 16 14 12
HOURS OF RIGHT ASCENSION
HMNAO @ UKHO
STAR CHARTS 77
SOUTHERN STARS
6
10o
HO
ON γ
α β α μ U R
N 8 δ 4
C
β 53 O
MAJOR
CANIS M ε δ R
A ο
2 γ LEPUS γ ε
G
H δ ε ER
ζ
H
G
ID
ξ η 30o AN
A
α US
ρ
η
δ
O
C
β
N
π
α
UR
S COLUM
S PPI MB A
XI PU
ON
HO
ν α τ3
PY
γ α σ HO α
FO
RO
50o LO
RN
ζ G
10
IUM
2
A
α
X
τ β
ζ
λ
θ
γ
DOR α
A PICTOR
PICTO ADO
RIN
μ
CA
α β
ε
RA
α
LA
A
CET
AN α
η
RE
ν
TLI
β
VE
HYD
TIC
US
UL
S 70o UM
α
N
LA
γ
α
R
VO
CRATE
γ
δ
β
MENSA
M
α
α
β
0
β
α
ON
HY
405
γ
SCULPTOR
PHOENI
LE
D RU
AE
θ
α
S
AM
β
λ
X
CH
12
0
σ β
δ
δ
NA
α
α βM
ε
β
CORVUS
γ
TUCA
OCTANS
γ
CRU
γ
α
β
US
CEN
α
X
AP
C
US β
δ
A
TAU
β
TR
I. A
ε
S
γ
GRU
α
US
α
δ1
R
T.
70o
β
US
S
β
INU
δ
ι
β
α
CI β
γ
STR
ν
RC
μ
VO
β
IN
S
PA
AU
ζ US
R IU
α
CIS
ι AQUA
α β
η
θ
ζ
VIR
PIS
α S
π
γ2 β DU
GO
δ IN
κ
NO ARA
γ
LU
PU RM
A α 50o 1
δ
S β
OPIUM
ζ
14
22
TELESC
γ
σ α
S
C NA
RN
U
CORO α
O
.
IC
LI AUST
β
PR
BR
α
2
CA
A
S CO G
RPIU ζ
S
C β
β γ θ 30o φ σ
τ
PT
ε
OPH
EC L α
2
IUCH π
US
16 η SAGIT
TARIU
S
20
ζ
SERPENS
MAGN TUDE 10o VAR ABLE TAR
18 A m
U
EQUATOR AL STARS RA 0 o 12
N
M M
M
N
C
C
DECL NAT ON
DECL NAT ON
C M
C
M
S
S
HOURS OF R GHT ASCENS ON
HMNAO @ UKHO
c Br sh Crown Copyr gh 2018
78 INDEX TO PLACES OF STARS
This index gives the number by which each star is distinguished in the list of apparent places
on pages -.
The five northern circumpolar stars are indicated by NP, the five southern by SP. Apparent
places of these ten stars (for every ten days) are tabulated on pages -.
The numbers of some of the brighter stars that are known by their proper names are as
follows:
Proper Proper Proper
Name Number Name Number Name Number
Achernar  Canopus  Pollux 
Aldebaran  Capella  Procyon 
Algol  Castor  Regulus 
Altair  Deneb  Rigel 
Antares  Denebola  Sirius 
Arcturus  Dubhe  Spica 
Bellatrix  Fomalhaut  Vega 
Betelgeuse  Polaris NP
Name No. Name No. Name No. Name No. Name No. Name No.
Andromedae Aquarii Aurigae Cancri Capricorni Cassiopeiae
α  θ  α  α  ι   
β  ι  β  β  ψ 
Centauri
γ  λ  δ  δ  ω  α 
δ  τ   ι  β 
Carinae
ζ  φ  ζ  α  γ 
ι    η  Canis Majoris
α  β  δ 
κ    θ   
λ  ι  β 
γ  θ  ζ 
µ  Aquilae κ  ι  η 
ν  α  ν  δ 
 υ  θ 
o  β 
ζ  χ  ι 
υ  γ  Bootis
η  ω  κ 
  δ  α 
θ  I  λ 
 β 
κ  a  µ 
Antliae ζ  γ 
o2  l  ν 
α  η  δ 
σ  u  ξ2 
θ  
ω  BS   π 
Apodis λ  ζ 
BS   σ 
α  η 
Canis Minoris BS   ψ 
β  Arae θ 
α  BS   d 
γ  α  λ 
β  BS   v 
δ1  β  µ 
 
η  γ  ρ 
Canum Venat. Cassiopeiae
α  BS  
R  δ  α  BS  
1  Camelopardalis β  β 
α  γ  BS  
Aquarii ζ 
α  η  β  Capricorni δ  Cephei
β  θ  BS   α2   α 
γ  BS   β  ζ  β 
δ  Arietis BS   γ  η  γ 
 α  BS   δ  κ  δ 
ζ  β  BS   ζ    ζ 
η    BS   θ    η 
HMNAO @ UKHO
INDEX TO PLACES OF STARS 79
Cephei Coronae Aust. Doradus Fornacis Hydrae Leporis
θ  α  α  α  α  η 
ι  β  Geminorum γ  λ 
κ  Coronae Bor. γ  α  δ  µ 
µ  α  β  
Draconis
β  Librae
ν  α  γ  ζ 
γ  α2 
π  β  δ  θ 
 β 
BS  NP γ   ι 
θ  γ 
BS   δ  ζ  λ 
σ 
BS    η  µ 
Corvi τ 
BS   ζ  θ  ν 
β  υ 
BS  NP η  ι  ξ 
γ 
BS  NP θ  κ  π  Lupi
δ 
BS   ι  λ  BS   α 

κ  µ  β 
Ceti Hydri
α  Crateris λ  ν  γ 
α 
β  α  ξ  ξ  δ 
β 
γ  γ  χ  ρ  
γ 
δ  δ    υ  ζ 
δ 
ζ      η 

η  Crucis   Gruis θ 
ν 
θ 
α  BS   α  κ1 
ι 
β  BS   β  Indi φ1 
γ  γ  α  χ 
µ  Equulei
δ  δ1 β 
ξ2  α  
Lyncis
 
o  Eridani Lacertae α 
π  α  ζ  α   
Cygni
τ  β  ι   
α  Leonis
υ  β  γ  Herculis α   
γ  δ  α  β  BS  
Chamaeleontis
α  δ   β  γ1 
η  γ  Lyrae
β   δ  α 
γ  ζ  θ  δ  
ι   β 
δ2  η  ζ  γ 
 ι  κ  ζ  η 
λ  η  θ 
ζ  κ  θ  κ 
θ  ν  µ  θ  µ 
ν  ι  R 
κ  ξ  o 
o1  o1  λ  ρ  Mensae
Circini
π2  τ3  µ  σ  α 
α 
ρ  τ5  ξ 
β  Monocerotis
σ  τ6  o  Leonis Min.
β  α 
Columbae
τ  υ2  π 
α    δ 
υ  υ4  σ 
β  
  φ  τ  Leporis
γ  χ  φ  α 
  Muscae
δ      β  α 
     γ  β 
Delphini
η  α      δ  γ 
Comae Ber. β  BS   Horologii  δ 
β   BS   α  ζ  ι1 
HMNAO @ UKHO
80 INDEX TO PLACES OF STARS
Muscae Pavonis Pictoris Sagittarii Tauri Ursae Majoris
λ  α  α  θ1  γ  χ 
Normae β  β  ι  δ  ψ 
γ2  γ  γ  λ    
Octantis δ  µ  ζ  Ursae Minoris
Piscis Aust.
α   ξ2  η  α NP
α 
β  ζ  o  θ2  β 
β  γ 
δ  η  π  λ 
 δ NP
 λ  ρ  µ 
ι  
ζ SP ξ  σ  ν 
θ  Piscium τ  ξ  ζ 
Pegasi η 
ι SP α  φ  o 
α 
ν  γ  τ   
β  Scorpii
σ SP     
γ  α 
τ SP η    Velorum
 β 
θ    γ2 
χ SP ζ  δ 
ι    δ 
Ophiuchi η  
ω  κ 
α  θ  ζ2  Telescopii λ 
β  ι  Puppis η  α 
µ 
γ  λ  ζ  θ 
Trianguli o 
δ  µ  ν  ι1  α  φ 
 π  ξ  κ  β  ψ 
ζ    π  λ  γ  N 
η  ρ  µ1 
Persei Triang. Aust. BS  
θ  σ  µ2 
α  α  BS  
ι  τ  π 
β  β  BS  
κ  I  σ 
γ  γ  BS  
λ  c  τ 
δ  δ  BS  
ν  BS   υ 
  BS  
σ  BS   G 
ζ  Virginis
  N  Tucanae
α 
  η  Pyxidis α 
θ  α  Sculptoris β 
  γ 
ι  γ  α  γ 
  ζ 
λ  β  δ 
Orionis Reticuli Ursae Majoris 
µ  Scuti
α  α  α  ζ 
ν  α 
β  β  β  η 
ξ  β 
γ  δ  γ  θ 
o  Serpentis
δ  δ  ι 
ρ  Sagittae α 
  κ 
τ  β  β 
ζ1  ζ  µ 
φ  γ  γ 
η  η  ν 
  δ  δ 
ι  θ  o 
κ   ι 
Phoenicis Sagittarii τ 
λ  α  α  η  κ   
ν  β  β1  κ  λ  Volantis
π3  γ  γ  µ  µ  α 
π4  δ  δ  ξ  ν  β 
π5    Tauri ξ  γ2 
σ  κ  ζ  α  o  δ 
τ  ψ  η  β  υ  ζ 
HMNAO @ UKHO
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The Star Almanac for Land Surveyors

Her Majesty’s Almanac Office

About e-SA Bookmarks Page Finder Stars by Constellations

ABOUT the e-SA 2019

H. M. Nautical Almanac Office

HM Nautical Almanac Office — http://astro.ukho.gov.uk

c Crown Copyright 2018

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TABLES & CHARTS

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Star Nos. Coordinate Brighter and Daylight (d) Stars

1– 50 RA Dec Name Number Name Number Name Number

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e-SA Cover About e-SA Bookmarks Page Finder Continued . . .

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FOR THE YEAR 2019

UNITED KINGDOM HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE

This publication is protected by international copyright law.

Interpolation Table for R, mutual conversion of intervals of solar

United Kingdom Hydrographic Office,

The main features of the Almanac are the tabulation of:

(d) extended refraction and other auxiliary tables.

TIME AND HOUR ANGLE

GHA Sun = UT + E ()

GHA Aries = UT + R ()

and is Greenwich (apparent) sidereal time (GST).

GHA Star = GHA Aries − RA Star = GST − RA Star ()

whence the formula for the GHA of a star is

GHA Star = UT + R − RA Star ()

Longitude = LMT − UT = LHA − GHA = LST − GST ()

where the sign convention east longitude is positive is used. Similarly,

LMT = UT + longitude (east); UT = LMT − longitude (east) ()

LST = R + UT + longitude (east) ()

Apparent Places of Stars (Pages –)

GST = RA − longitude (east)

UT = RA − R − longitude (east)

Polaris Table (Pages –)

These quantities are based on the following formulae;

Table for Circum-Meridian Observations (Page )

Interpolation Table for R (Pages –)

longitude E ◦ 0 , latitude N ◦ 0

GHA   · Dec S  ·

GST = GHA Aries   ·   ·

GHA = GHA Aries − RA   ·   ·

Mag. · · · · ·

DCF77 ·  Continuous.

RWM    Continuous except between h–h on some Wednesdays.

JJY Continuous. Minute marker pulse s. . Call sign in morse

WWVH *    Continuous. Second markers  ms of · kHz tone, minute

WWV *   · Continuous. Second markers  ms of  kHz tone, minute

WWVB *   Continuous. One pulse/second special binary time code.

CHU *    Continuous. Second markers  ms, minute markers

LOL    Mon.-Fri. h–h local time. Second and minute

* See note opposite.

INTERPOLATION TABLE FOR STARS

SD = +◦.   − ◦.   x = ◦.   = 0 00

HOURS OF R GHT ASCENS ON

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