RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA

DR= 25 °F

OUTSIDE CONDITION
SUMMER
A Dry Bulb Temperature to= 113 °F ti=
B Wet Bulb Temperature 66 °F
C Relative Humidity
D Humidity Ratio 21 grains/lb

WINTER
A Dry Bulb Temperature 41 °F

2.EXTERNAL COOLING LOADS

Q=UxAxCLTD

2.1 Transmission of Heat Gain - Exposed Roof

qsr= Ur x Ar x CLTDrc, Eqn (1)
qsr= Sensible heat gain due to exposed roof, BTU/hr
Ar = Net are of roof, ft² (see Exhibit E, Page E)
Ur = Overall coefficient of heat transfer for roofs, BTU/hr-ft²-°F
CLTDrc= CLTDt+(78-ti)+(tom-85) Eqn(2)
= Cooling Load Temperature Difference for roofs,corrected
where:
CLTDt= Cooling load temperature difference for roofs
ti = Actual inside design dy bulb temperature
78= Indoor design temperature for CLTD correction tables, °F
85= Outdoor design temperature for CLTD correction tables, °F
tom= Mean design dry bulb temperature, °F
= to-(DR/2) Eqn(3)
where:
to= Outside design dry bulb temperature, °F
DR= Daily Range(Mean), °F

tom= to-(DR/2) SUBSTITUTING TO Eqn(3)

= 113°F-(25/2)°F
= 100.5 °F
External Load-Exposed Roof: from ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.5 Thermal Properties and Codenumber of Layers for W
ROOF OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEEFICIENT (Ur)
NO MATERIAL TYPE THICKNESS, t

1 Outside Surface Film (moving air) -

2 Terazzo Tiles 25 mm.
3 Mortar Bed 20 mm.
4 Sheet Membrane (neglected) -
5 Light Weight Concrete Screed 50 mm.
(Variable thickness 50 mm. Min. to as per Slope
6 Heavy Weight Conc. Block 300 mm.
7 Inside Surface Film ( Still Air) -
TOTAL RESISTANCE, RT
Ur = 1/RT

ROOF TYPE: Roof with Suspended Ceiling and with Total Resistance of 4.480 hr-ft² °F/Btu may classified as
Roof Number 5 ( from ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.4 Roof Classification for Use with Table 8.2A) See Appendix A, page
CLTDt= 68 °F, Considering Roof Number 5 ( from ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.2A Cooling Load Temperature Di

Calculating for Corrected Cooling Load Temperature Differrence for Roofs

CLTDrc= CLTDt+(78-ti)+(tom-85) Eqn(2)
= 68 + (78-75)+(100.5-85)
= 86.5 °F

qsr= Ur x Ar x CLTDrc, Eqn (1)

CALCULATION TABLE -1
Sensible Heat gain For Exposed Roofs
qsr = Ur x Ar x CLTDrc- Eqn.1
PACU Net Area (Ar) U CLTDrc qsr
Factor
ZONE ROOM NAME ft2 Btu/hr.ft2.oF oF Btu/hr
1 Office Area 14,170.92 0.223 86.5 273,349.96
2 IT Room 96.84 0.223 86.5 1,868.00
Elevator Lobby 1 290.52 0.223 86.5 5,603.99
3
Elevator Lobby 2 204.44 0.223 86.5 3,943.55
Total Sensible Heat Gain Through Exposed Roofs 284,765.49

2.2 Transmission of Heat Gain - Exposed Wall

qsw= Uw x Aw x CLTDwc, Eqn (4)
 qsw= Sensible heat gain due to exposed wall, BTU/hr
Ar = Net are of wall, ft² (see Exhibit E, Page E)
Ur = Overall coefficient of heat transfer for walls, BTU/hr-ft²-°F
CLTDwc= CLTDt+(78-ti)+(tom-85) Eqn(5)
= Cooling Load Temperature Difference for wall,corrected
where:
CLTDt= Cooling Load Temperature Difference for wall,corrected
ti = Actual inside design dy bulb temperature
78= Indoor design temperature for CLTD correction tables, °F
85= Outdoor design temperature for CLTD correction tables, °F
tom= Mean design dry bulb temperature, °F
= to-(DR/2) Eqn(3)
where:
to= Outside design dry bulb temperature, °F
DR= Daily Range(Mean), °F

WALL OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEEFICIENT (Ur)

NO MATERIAL TYPE THICKNESS, t
1 Outside Surface Film (moving air) -
2 Aluminum Cladding -
3 Cement Plaster 20 mm.
4 Concrete Block 200 mm.
5 Cement Plaster 20 mm.
6 Gypsum Board 30 mm.
7 Inside Surface Film ( Still Air) -
TOTAL RESISTANCE, RT
Ur = 1/RT

( from ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.5 Thrmal Properties and Code number Layers for Wall and Roof (see Appendix A, p

WALL TYPE: Walls and Principal material Code and Secondary wall gypsum board with the Total Resistance of 5.01 ft2hr F may
Wall Number 10 (form ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.6A Wall Types, Mass Located Inside Insulation, for Use with Table 8
CLTDt = for Wall No.10 at 1600 H (from ASHRAE GRP 2ndEdition Table 8.3A Cooling Load Temperature Difference
for Calculating Cooling Load from Sunlit Walls – 24 °N Latitude, July) (see Appendix A, page A.8

Direction N E S W
CLTDт 16 34 14 17

Applying the value from Eqn. (3),

tom = 100.5 °F
Substituting the above value to Eqn. (5):
CLTDwc= CLTDt +(78 – ti) + (tom – 85) – Eqn. (5)
CLTDwc= 16 + (78 – 75) + (100.5- 85)
= 34.5 °F (Facing North Direction)
CLTDwc= 34 + (78 – 75) + (100.5- 85)
= 52.5 °F (Facing East Direction)
CLTDwc= 14 + (78 – 75) + (100.5- 85)
= 32.5 °F (Facing South Direction)
CLTDwc= 17 + (78 – 75) + (100.5- 85)
= 35.5 °F (Facing West Direction)

Calculating for Sensible heat gain for exposed walls,

qsw= Uw x Aw x CLTDwc

qsw = U(Btu/hr-ft²-°F) x A(ft²) x CLTDwc(°F) = Btu/hr – Eqn. (4)

where:
CLTDwc= CLTD wall corrected (As calculated above)
CALCULATION TABLE -2
Sensible Heat Gain For Exposed Walls
qsw = Uw x Aw x CLTDwc - Eqn.4

Wall Net Area U

PACU
Facing (Aw) Factor
ZONE ROOM NAME ft2 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
1 Office Area N 659 0.2
E 22 0.2
S 659 0.2
W 258 0.2
2 IT Room W 119 0.2
Elevator Lobby 1 - - -
3
Elevator Lobby 2 - - -
Total Sensible Heat Gain For Exposed Walls

2.3 External Load - Exposed Glass

Transmission Heat Gain for Glass
Heat transmitted and conducted through glass walls, windows and doors is one of
the principal sources of the building cooling load. The heat is conducted through
glass in much the same manner as that heat conducted for walls.
Calculating the heat conducted through glass is shown below:

qsgc= Ug x Ag x (CLTDgc) - Eqn. 6

where:
qsgc= Sensible heat gain due to glasses by conduction, Btu/hr
Ag= Net area of glass normal to heat flow
Ug= Overall coefficient of heat transfer for glasses, BTU/hr-ft2-F
= 0.67 BTU/hr-ft2-F ( Solar Transmittance for 1/2"clear Glass) Table 8.10 (See Appendix A, page A.9)
CLTDgc= CLTDc+(78-ti)+(tom-85) - Eqn. (7)
where:
CLTDc= Cooling load temperature difference for conduction through glass tabulated
(ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.7 Conduction through Glass and Doors, based on solar time of 1600H)
see Appendix A, page A.10
= 14 °F
tom= Applying the value from Eqn. (3),
CLTDgc= CLTDc+(78-ti)+(tom-85) - Eqn. (7)
= 32.5 °F

Calculating for Sensible heat gain for glass,

qsgc=Ug x Ag x CLTDgc, – Eqn. (6)
qsgc= U(Btu/hr-ft²-°F) x A(ft²) x CLTDgc(°F) = Btu/hr

CALCULATION TABLE-3
Sensible Heat Gain For Glass
qsgc = Ug x Ag x CLTDgc – Eqn 6
Wall Net Area U
PACU
Facing (Ag) Factor
ZONE ROOM NAME ft2 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
1 Office Area N 988 0.67
E 33 0.67
S 988 0.67
W 387 0.67
2 IT Room - - -
3 Elevator Lobby 1 - - -
4 Elevator Lobby 2 - - -
Total Sensible (Transmission Heat Gain for the glass) Heat Gain For Exposed Walls

2.4 External Load – Solar Heat Gain for Glass

Solar Heat Gain for Glass
Solar heat is produced by the sun and is transmitted to earth by radiation. Radiant heat is similar, in many ways to light. Both ca
The amount of radiant heat energy passing through glass walls (curtain wall) or window can be controlled by installing venetian

In an effort to reduce the number of tables, the CLTD/CLF method discussed in the 1989 Handbook of Fundamentals and its pr
in conjunction with maximum Solar Heat Gain Factors (SHGF) to predict solar cooling loads. Solar cooling loads obtained with t
of solar cooling load profiles dueto different latitudes, months and other factors. In order to more closely approximate cooling
fenestration, a new term Solar Cooling Load (SCL) is introduced.

The cooling load per square foot of unshaded fenestration due to solar radiation transmitted through and absorbed by the glas

Solar Heat Gain for Glass

qgs= Agx SC x SCL - Eqn. (8)
where:
qgs= Agx SC x SCL - Solar heat gain through glass, Btu/hr
Ag= Net area of glass, ft² (see exhibit E, page E.2)
SC= Shading Coefficient, dimensionless Tables 8.10 (see Appendix A, page A.9)
0.59 Roller Shade,Opaque, Dark
Solar Glass Zone Type: Zone C
(For wall type no. 10, with ceiling and vinyl floor, Concrete block partition
and full inside shade) (From ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.8A, Zone
Types for use with SCL and CLF Tables, (see Appendix A, page A.17)
SCL = Solar Cooling Load, Btu/hr-ft² (ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition, Table 8.9A,
Solar Cooling Load for Sunlit Glass; 24° North Latitude; July; based on solar
time of 1600 Hr) (see Appendix A, page A.11)

Direction N E S W
SCL 36 42 29 152

Calculating for Solar heat gain for glass,

qgs= Agx SC x SCL Eqn. (8)
qgs= A (ft2) x SC x SCL (Btu/hr-ft²)= Btu/hr
Substituting the values to Calculate Table - 4 using Eqn. (8):

CALCULATION TABLE-4
Solar Heat Gain for Glass
qsg = Asg x SCsg x SCLsg -Eqn.8

Wall Net Area Shading SCL

PACU
Facing (Agw) Coefficient Btu/hr.ft2.oF
ZONE ROOM NAME ft2 SC
1 Office Area N 988 0.59 36
E 33 0.59 42
S 988 0.59 29
W 387 0.59 152
2 IT Room - - - -
3 Elevator Lobby 1 - - - -
Elevator Lobby 2 - - - -
Total Solar Heat Gain for Glass
2.5 External Load- PartitionWalls

Transmission Heat Gain for Partition Wall

Whenever a conditioned space is adjacent to a space with a different temperature, transfer of heat through the sep
qsp = Up x Ap x TDp - Eqn.(9)
where:
qsp = Sensible heat gain due to wall exposed to vented enclosed space, Btu/hr
Up = Overall coefficient of heat transfer for partitions, Btu/hr-ft²-°F
Ap = Net area of partition, ft² (see Exhibit E, page E.3)
TDp= Design temperature difference across the partition, °F
TDp = ts – ti - Eqn. (10)
where:
ts= Unconditioned adjacent space temp. (Assumed value)
= 88 °F
ti= Conditioned room temperature
= 75 °F
Substituting above values to Eqn. (10)
TDp = 88 °F – 75 °F
= 13 °F (for Adjacent Unconditioned space)

PARTITION WALL OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEEFICIENT (Ur)

NO MATERIAL TYPE THICKNESS, t THERMAL RESISTANCE
1 Inside Surface Film ( Still Air) - 0.69
2 Cement Plaster 20 mm 0.15
4 Lightweight Concrete Block 200 mm. 2.00
5 Cement Plaster 20 mm. 0.15
7 Inside Surface Film ( Still Air) - 0.69
TOTAL RESISTANCE, RT 3.68
Ur = 1/RT 0.272

(from ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.5 Thermal Properties and Code number of Layers for Wall and Roof)
(see Appendix A, page A.12)
Calculating for Sensible heat gain for partition walls,
qsp= Up x Ap x TDp
qsp= U (Btu/hr-ft²-°F) x A(ft²) x TDp(°F) = Btu/hr– Eqn. (9)
Substituting the values to Calculate Table - 5 using Eqn. (9):
(Next Page)

CALCULATION TABLE -5
Sensible Heat Gain For Partition Floor
qsp = Up x Ap x TDp – Eqn. 9
Net Area U-VALUE (Up) TDp qspf
PACU
(Ap)
ZONE ROOM NAME ft2 Btu/hr.ft2.°F °F Btu/hr
1 Office Area 1275 0.272 13 4,508.61
2 IT Room 200 0.272 13 707.68
Elevator Lobby 1 665 0.272 13 2,351.33
3
Elevator Lobby 2 454 0.272 13 1,605.98
Total Sensible Heat Gain through Partition 9,173.60

3. Internal Loads
Internal Heat Gains
The component of the space cooling load is the heat that originates within the space. Typical sources of internal heat gain are p
lights, cooking processes and other heat-generating equipment, such as motors, appliances and office equipment.

The people inside the space contribute both sensible and latent heat. Lighting contributes only sensible heat to the space
,heat and latent heat (as in the case for a coffee maker). Infiltration generally contributes both sensible and latent heat to the s
while equipment in the space may contribute only sensible heat (as in the case for a computer) or both sensible

3.1 Internal Load – Lightings

Heat Gain due to Internal Lights
The primary source of heat from lighting comes from the light emitting elements, or lamps, although significant additional
heat may be generated from associated components in the light fixtures housing such as lamps.
The Cooling Load due to lighting in a particular zone is calculated as follows:
qsl = 3.41 x Watts x Fu x Fs x CLF – Eqn. (11)

where:
qsl= Cooling Load due to lighting, Btu/hr
3.41= Conversion factor, Btu/hr-W
Watts = Total wattage of lighting fixture, watts
Since there is no lighting fixture given during this design stage, it was assumed that lighting load is equal to 2watt
Fu= Use factor, fraction of Watts in use
=1
Fs = Special allowance factor (Ballast factor in the case of fluorescent and metal halide fixtures)
= 1.2 (Recommended value for general applications)
CLF = Cooling load factor, (equal to “1” since cooling system operates when lights are ON)
Calculating for heat gain due to internal lightings,
qsl= 3.41 x Watts x Fu x Fs x CLF – Eqn. (11)
qsl= 3.41(Btu/hr-W) x Watts x Fu x Fs = Btu/hr

Substituting the values to Calculate Table - 6 using Eqn. (11)

CALCULATION TABLE -6
Heat Gain due to Internal Lightings
qsl = 3.41 x Watts x Fu x Fs x CLF – Eqn 11
Net Lighting
PACU Area (A) Watts/Ft2 Btu/hr-W Power,Watts
ZONE ROOM ft2
1 Office Area 14,170.92 2 3.41 28,341.84
2 IT Room 96.84 2 3.41 193.68
Elevator Lobby 1 290.52 2 3.41 581.04
3
Elevator Lobby 2 204.44 2 3.41 408.88
Total Heat Gain due to Internal Lightings

3.2 Internal Load – People

Sensible Heat Gain due to People

qspe= qspe’ x NP x CLF – Eqn. (12)
where:
qspe= Sensible heat gain due to people, Btu/hr
qspe’= Sensible heat gain per person, Btu/hr-person
= 250 Btu/hr-person (From ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition
Table 5.2 Rates of Heat Gain from Occupants of conditioned
Spaces), (see Appendix A, page A.13)
Degree of Activities: Moderately active office work Sensible
heat gain per person, : 250 Btu/hr
NP= Number of people in space (Table 10.2) (see Appendix A, page A.14)
= (A/1000)*Est Max. Occupancy
= 7 persons/1000 ft² for office areas
= 60 persons/1000 ft² for IT Room
= 30 persons/1000 ft² for lobby areas
CLF= Cooling load factor
= 1 (equals to “1” since cooling system does not operate 24 hours a day)
Calculating for sensible heat gain due to people,
qspe= qspe’ x NP x Fd x CLF - Eqn (12)
qspe= qspe’ x NP (Btu/hr) x Fd x CLF= Btu/hr
Fd=
Substituting the values to Calculate Table - 7 using Eqn. (12)

CALCULATION TABLE -7
Sensible Heat Gain Of People
qspe = qspe’ x NP x CLF – Eqn 12
Net Area Number of Heat Gain CLF
PACU
(A) People Per Person
ZONE ROOM NAME ft2 (NP) BTU/hr
1 Office Area 14,170.92 99 250 1
2 IT Room 96.84 6 250 1
Elevator Lobby 1 290.52 9 250 1
3
Elevator Lobby 2 204.44 6 250 1
Total Sensible Heat Gain Of People

Latent Heat Gain due to People (cont’d)

NP= Number of people in space (Table 10.2) (see Appendix A, page A.14)
= 7 persons/1000 ft² for office areas
= 60 persons/1000 ft² for IT Room
= 30 persons/1000 ft² for lobby areas
CLF= Cooling Load factor
= 1 (equals to “1” since cooling system does not operate 24 hours aday)
Calculating for latent heat gain due to people,
qspe= qspe’ x NP x CLF – Eqn. (13)
qspe= qspe’ x NP (Btu/hr)x CLF= Btu/hr
Substituting the values to Calculate Table - 8 using Eqn. (13)

CALCULATION TABLE -8
Latent Heat Gain Of People
qlpe = qlpe’ x NP x CLF – Eqn 13
Nmber Heat Gain
PACU Net Area people Per Person CLF
(A) (NP) BTU/hr
ZONE ROOM NAME ft2
1 Office Area 14,170.92 99 200 1
2 IT Room 96.84 6 200 1
Elevator Lobby 1 290.52 9 200 1
3
Elevator Lobby 2 204.44 6 200 1
Total Latent Heat Gain Of People

3.3 Internal Load – Equipment

Heat Gain due to Appliances and Equipment

qse = 3.41 x Eqpt. Watts x CLF – Eqn. (14)
where:
qse= Sensible heat gain due to equipment, Btu/hr
3.41 = Conversion factor, Btu/hr-W
Eqpt. Watts = Recommended rate of heat gain for eqpt./watts. Since there are no appliances, equipment load given durin
 the design stage, it was assumed that appliances, equipment load are equal to 1 watt/ft2 except for
Offices which is ranging between (0.5-2.0watts/ft2)
so use: 2.0 and for IT Room used (45 watts/ft2) respectively.
CLF = Cooling load factor
= 1 (equals to “1” since cooling system does not operate 24 hours a day)

Calculating for Sensible heat gain due to Appliances/equipment,

qse= 3.41 x Eqpt. Watts x CLF – Eqn. (14)
qse = 3.41(Btu/hr-W) x Eqpt. Watts x CLF = Btu/hr
Substituting the values to Calculate Table - 9 using Eqn. (14)

CALCULATION TABLE-9
Sensible Heat Gain due to Appliances and Equipment
qse = 3.41 x Eqpt. Watts x CLF – Eqn 14

PACU Net Area Watts/Ft2 Btu/hr/ Watts Eqpt.

(A)
ZONE ROOM NAME Ft2 Watts
1 Office Area 14,170.92 2 3.41 28,341.84
2 IT Room 96.84 45 3.41 4,357.80
Elevator Lobby 1 290.52 - - -
3
Elevator Lobby 2 204.44 - - -
Total Heat Gain due to equipments

4.Infiltration and Ventilation Loads

Air leaking into a space is called infiltration. During the cooling season, when air more humid than the indoor air. Ou
air is often used to dilute or remove contaminants from the indoor air. The intentional introduction of outdoor air in
through the use of the building’s HVAC system, is called ventilation. This outdoor air must often be cooled and deh
before it can be delivered to the space, creating an additional load on the air-conditioning equipment. ASHRAE Sta
Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, prescribes the quantity of outdoor air required per person (or per un
to provide adequate ventilation for various types of spaces.
4.1 Infiltration Load
Sensible Heat Gain due to Infiltration
Applying the Air Change Method (ACH), the equation used to estimate the sensible heat gain from infiltration is:
qsi = 1.08 x Airflow x TDi - Eqn. (15)
where:
qsi= Sensible heat gain due to infiltration, Btu/hr
1.08 Product of density and specific heat of air at standard conditions (69 °F dry air at sea level)
= 0.075 lb/ft³ x 0.24 Btu/lb-°F x 60 min/hr
= 1.08 Btu-min/hr-ft³-°F
Density of air = 0.075 lb/ft³
Specific heat of air at constant pressure = 0.24 Btu/lb-°F
Conversion factor : 60 min per hour
Airflow = Quantity of air infiltrating the space, ft³/min
Airflow = ACH x Space Volume ÷ 60 - Eqn. (16)
where:
ACH = Air changes per hour
= 0.3 (TRANE Cooling & Heating Load Estimation, TRG- RC002-EN, Table 9 – Estimates of Infiltration Airflow
(see Appendix A, page A.15)
Space Volume = Area of space x Height
TDi= Design outdoor dry-bulb temperature minus the design indoor dry-bulb temperature, °F
= (to – ti)
= 113 °F - 75 °F
= 38 °F
Applying the value from Eqn. (16),
Then, Calculating for Sensible heat gain due to infiltration,
qsi = 1.08 x Aiflow x TDi
qsi = 1.08 (Btu-min/hr-ft³-°F) x Airflow (ft³/min) x TDi(°F) = Btu/hr - Eqn. (15)
Substituting the values to Calculate Table10 using Eqn. 15

CALCULATION TABLE -10

Sensible Heat Gain for Infiltration
qsi = 1.08 x Airflow x TDi - Eqn. 15
Factor
PACU
(Btu-min / hr-ft3-ºF) Airflow TDi qsi
ZONE ROOM NAME (ft3/min) (ºF) Btu/hr
1 Office Area 1.08 697.21 38 28,613.47
2 IT Room 1.08 4.76 38 195.54
Elevator Lobby 1 1.08 14.29 38 586.61
3
Elevator Lobby 2 1.08 10.06 38 412.8
Total Sensible Heat Gain for Infiltration 29,808

Latent Heat Gain due to Infiltration

Using the Air Change Method (ACH), the equation used to estimate the latent heat gain from infiltration is:
qli = 0.7 x Airflow x Δwi - Eqn. (17)
where:
qli = Latent heat gain due to infiltration, Btu/hr
= 0.7 Latent heat factor
Product of density and Latent heat of water vapor of air at standard conditions (69 °F dry air at sea level)
= 0.075 lb/ft³ x 1,076 Btu/lb x 60 min/hr ÷ 7000 grains/lb
= 0.7 Btu-min-lb/hr-ft³-gr
Density of air = 0.075 lb/ft³
Latent heat of water vapour = 1,076 Btu/lb
Conversion factors: 60 min per hour

Airflow = Quantity of air infiltrating the space, ft³/min(Follow the same formula of Eqn. 16 and apply the correspond
Airflow = ACH x Space Volume ÷ 60 - Eqn. (16)
ΔWi = Dgrains of water/lb of dry air
= (Wo - Wi) = 21 – 65
= 44 grains of water/lb of dry air (Using Psychometric Chart to determine the
 humidity ratio for both outdoor and indoor conditions)
Outside Design Temperatures: (Summer)
Dry Bulb Temperature = 113°F
Wet Bulb Temperature = 66°F
Inside Design Temperatures: (Summer)
Dry Bulb = 75°F
Relative Humidity= 50%
The result will be:
Wo = 21 grains of water/lb of dry air
Wi = 65 grains of water/lb of dry air
Applying the value from Eqn. (16) and the corresponding Difference of humidity ratios,
Then, Calculating for Latent heat gain due to infiltration,
qli= 0.7 x Airflow x Δwi, -Eqn. (17)
qli= 0.7(Btu-min-lb/hr-ft³-gr) x Airflow(ft³/min) x ΔWi(grains/lb) = Btu/hr
Substituting the values to Calculate Table 11 using Eqn. (17):

CALCULATION TABLE -11

Latent Heat Gain for Infiltration
qli = 0.7 x Airflow x ΔWi - Eqn. 17
Factor
PACU (Btu-min-lb / hr-ft3-gr) Airflow ΔWi
ZONE ROOM NAME (ft3/min) (grains/lb))
1 Office Area 0.7 697.21 44
2 IT Room 0.7 4.76 44
Elevator Lobby 1 0.7 14.29 44
3
Elevator Lobby 2 0.7 10.06 44
Total Latent Heat Gain for Infiltration

4.2 Ventilation Load

Sensible Heat Gain due to Ventilation
The sensible heat gain from ventilation is calculated using the same equation as for infiltration:
qsv = 1.08 x Airflow x TDv - Eqn. (18)
where:
qsv = Sensible heat gain due to ventilation, Btu/hr
1.08 =Product of at sea level)
= 0.075 lb/ft³ x 0.24 Btu/lb-°F x 60 min/hr
= 1.08 Btu-min/hr-ft³-°F
Density of air = 0.075 lb/ft³
Specific heat of air at constant pressure = 0.24 Btu/lb-°F
Conversion factor : 60 min per hour
Airflow = ventilation airflow, ft³/min (Table 10.2- Outdoor Air Requirements for Ventilation
Commercial Facilities (Offices, Stores, Shops, Hotels, Sport Facilities) GRP 158 2nd
Edition (see Appendix A, page A.14)
Office Space= 7 persons/1,000 ft² ; 20 cfm/person
IT Room = 60 persons/1,000 ft²; 15cfm/person
 Lobby Areas= 30 persons/1,000 ft²; 20 cfm/person
Whereas, for
TDv = (to – ti)
= Design outdoor dry-bulb temperature minus the Design indoor dry-bulb temperature, °F
= 113 °F - 75 °F
= 38 °F
Calculating for Sensible heat gain due to ventilation,
qsv = 1.08 x Aiflow x TDv
qsv = 1.08 (Btu-min/hr-ft³-°F) x Airflow (ft³/min) x TDv(°F) = Btu/hr - Eqn. (18)
Substituting the values to Calculate Table 12 using Eqn. (18):

CALCULATION TABLE -12

Sensible Heat Gain for Ventilation
qsv = 1.08 x Airflow x TDv - Eqn. 18
Factor
PACU Area(ft2) No. of Person cfm / person (Btu-min / hr-ft3-ºF)
ZONE ROOM NAME
1 Office Area 14,170.92 99 20 1.08
2 IT Room 96.84 6 20 1.08
Elevator Lobby 1 290.52 9 15 1.08
3
Elevator Lobby 2 204.44 6 15 1.08
Total Sensible Heat Gain for Ventillation

Latent Heat Gain due to Ventilation

The latent heat gain from ventilation is calculated using the same equation as for infiltration:
qlv = 0.7 x Airflow x ΔWv - Eqn. (19)
where:
qlv = Latent heat gain due to ventilation, Btu/hr
0.7 = Latent heat factor, Btu-min-lb/hr-ft³-gr
Airflow=ventilation airflow, ft³/min (GRP 158 2nd Edition, Outdoor Air Requirements for Ventilation)
= (Same values As Sensible heat due to ventilation)
ΔWv= Design outdoor air humidity ratio minus the Design
indoor air humidity ratio, grains of water/lb of dry air
= (Wo - Wi)
= 21 – 65
= 44 grains of water/lb of dry air

Calculating for Sensible heat gain due to ventilation,

qlv = 0.7 x Airflow x ΔWv - Eqn. (19)
qlv= 0.7 (Btu-min-lb/hr-ft³-gr) x Airflow(ft³/min) x ΔWi(grains/lb) = Btu/hr
Substituting the values to Calculate Table 13 using Eqn. (19)

CALCULATION TABLE -13

Latent Heat Gain for Ventilation
qlv = 0.7 x Airflow x ΔWv - Eqn. 19
 Area No. of Factor
PACU (ft2) Person cfm / person (Btu-min/hr-ft3-ºF)
ZONE ROOM NAME
1 Office Area 14,170.92 99 20 0.7
2 IT Room 96.84 6 20 0.7
Elevator Lobby 1 290.52 9 15 0.7
3
Elevator Lobby 2 204.44 6 15 0.7
Total Latent Heat Gain for Ventillation

5. Miscellaneous Load
Miscellaneous Heat Gains
Other sources of heat gain within the HVAC System are fan, driven by an electric motor, and located in conditioned airstream,
it adds heat to the air. The author justifiably introduces a safety factor of 3 % to the total coil cooling load of this project to
compensate fans and ducts heat gains.

6. Summary of Cooling Loads

CALCULATION TABLE –A
Summary of Cooling Loads, Btu/hr
Sensible Heat
Item No. Load Description Loads (Btu/Hr) Loads (Btu/Hr)
1 Conduction through Roofs 284,765
2 Conduction through Walls 11,736
3 Conduction through Glass 52,169
4 Solar Radiation through Glass 73,435
5 Conduction through Partitions 9,174
6 Heat Gain for Lights 120,818
7 Heat Gain for People 30,000
8 Heat Gain for Equipment 111,506
9 Heat Gain for Infiltration 29,808
Total Space Cooling Loads

10 Ventilation 95,418
Total Coil Cooling Loads
Safety Factor and Miscellaneous (3%)
Grand Total Coil Cooling Loads

PACU-01 Conduction Heat Solar I

Heat
Ref. Table 1 2 3 4 5 6
Zone Room Name Roofs Walls Glass Part. Glass Lights
 (qsr) (qsw) (qsgc) (qsp) (qsg) (qsl)
1 Office Area 273,350 10,888 52,169 4,509 73,435 115,975
2 IT Room 1,868 848 708 793
Elevator Lobby 1 5,604 2,351 2,378
3
Elevator Lobby 2 3,944 1,606 1,673

8. Sensible Heat Ratio (SHR)

The term sensible heat ratio refers to the ratio obtained from dividing the room sensible heat gain by the total heat gain (sensib
SHR = ________Sensible Heat Gain_______ - Eqn. (20)
Sensible Heat Gain + Latent Heat Gain

Substituting the values for each Zone to Calculate Table C Eqn. 20:

CALCULATION TABLE -C
Sensible Heat Ratio
Sensible Heat Latent Heat Total Cooling
Load (Btu/Hr) Load (Btu/Hr) Loads (Btu/Hr)
with Safety with Safety with Safety SENSIBLE
PACU Factor 3% Factor 3% Factor HEAT RATIO
ZONE ROOM NAME
1 Office Area 784,442 105,326 889,768 0.88
2 IT Room 26,468 5,194 31,662 0.84
Elevator Lobby 1 19,271 6,590 25,861 0.75
3
Elevator Lobby 2 13,214 4,410 17,624 0.75

9. Supply Airflow
To determine the supply airflow, the following equation must be used:
Supply Airflow = Sensible Heat Gain n
1.08 x (Indoor Air DB – Supply Air DB) - Eqn. (21)
where: Supply Airflow = The total quantity of air required to offset the space sensible heat gain, cfm
1.08 = Product of air density and specific heat at standard condition, Btu-min/hr-ft³-°F
Indoor Air DB = Design space dry-bulb temperature, °F = 75 °F
Supply Air DB = Supply air dry-bulb temperature, °F = Tc + Tf
Where : Tc = Coil Leaving Temp = 55 °F (Normal)
Tf = Temp. rise across draw-thru fan
= 2.2 °F (from table D.3 Air Temp. Rise Due to Fans, of ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition. Assume Fan static Pressur
= Supply Air Temperature = 55 + 2.2 = 57.2°F
Indoor Air DB - Supply Air DB = 75 – 57.2 = 17.8 °F
Substituting the values for each Zone to Calculate Table D - Eqn. (21)

CALCULATION TABLE -C
Supply Airflow, cfm
Supply Airflow= Sensible Heat Gain/ 1.08 x (Indoor Air db- Supply Air db)
 Sensible Indoor Supply Temp. Diff Supply
PACU Heat Load Factor air DB Air DB (ΔT) °F Airflow
ZONE ROOM NAME Btu/hr cfm
1 Office Area 784,442 1.08 75 57.2 17.8 40,805.34
2 IT Room 26,468 1.08 75 57.2 17.8 1,376.80
Elevator Lobby 1 19,271 1.08 75 57.2 17.8 1,002.46
3
Elevator Lobby 2 13,214 1.08 75 57.2 17.8 687.37
Total Sen. Ht. Load 843,395 Total Supply Airflow 43,871.96

10. Load Summary Schedule

DESCRIPTION UNIT UNIT DESIGNATION UNIT DESIGNATION

PACU-1 PACU-2
Office Area, IT Room, Office Area
Area Served Elevator Lobby 1 , Elevator Lobby 2
Cooling Load
Total Sensible Load Btu/Hr 421,698 421,698
Total Latent Load Btu/Hr 60,760 60,760
Total Ventilation Load Btu/Hr 83,514 83,514
Misc. & S. F. (3%) Btu/Hr 14,052 14,052
Grand Total Load Btu/Hr 482,458 482,458
TR 40.2 40.2
Air Flow
Total S.A cfm 21,936 21,936
Total R.A cfm 20,774 20,774
Total F.A cfm 1,163 1,163
Design Temperature
Outdoor DB ⁰F 113 113
Outdoor WB ⁰F 66 66
Indoor DB ⁰F 75 75
Indoor RH % 50 50

11. Cooling Coil Load Calculation

Cooling Coil Load Calculation

PACU-1 & 2 Cooling Coil Load Calculation Solving for Mixed Air Properties from:
 TOTAL COOLING COIL LOAD:
QCC= m (h3-h4) m1h1 + m2h2 = m3h3
Where:
m = 60 x cfm/ v4 m1t1 + m2t2 = m3t3
= 60 x 21,936 cfm
14.16702 cu. Ft. / lb m1w1+ m2w2 = m3w3
= 92,903.09 lb/hr
h4 at pt. 4 = 23.6156 Btu/lb Solving for m1:

m1 = 60 x cfm1/v1

= 60 x 1,163 cfm
15.62363 cu. Ft./lb

= 4,466.31 lb/hr

Solving for h3:

h3 = (m1h1 + m2h2)
m3
= (4,466.31 lb/hr x 31.5535 Btu/lb) + (84,644.31 lb/hr x 28.8799 Btu/lb)
89,110.62 lb/hr
= 29.0139 Btu/lb
Solving for Qcc: Total Cooling Coil Load
Qcc = m (h3-h4)
= 92,903.09 lb/hr (29.0139 – 23.6156) Btu/lb
= 501,518.75 Btu/hr or
= 41.79 Tons of Refrigeration
INSIDE CONDITION

75 °F 23.89 °C
62.5 °F 16.94 °C
50 %
65 grains/lb

72 °F 22.22 °C
Codenumber of Layers for Wall and Roof (see Appendix A, page A.3)
or Calculating Cooling Load from Flat Roofs- 24°Nlatitude, Julay
THERMAL CODE NO.
RESISTANCE
0.33 A0
0.08
0.06
0.00
0.76

2.56 C20
0.69 E0
4.48 hr-ft² °F/Btu
0.22 Btu/hr-f² °F

e 8.2A) See Appendix A, page A.4

Cooling Load Temperature Difference) see Table 8.2A (refer Appendix A, page A.5)
 THERMAL RESISTANCE CODE NO.
0.33 A0
0.61
0.15 E1
1.96 C18
0.15 E1
1.12
0.69 E0
5.01 hr-ft2 °F/Btu
0.2 Btu/hr-ft2 F

and Roof (see Appendix A, page A.6)

esistance of 5.01 ft2hr F may classify as

nsulation, for Use with Table 8.3A(See Appendix A, page 7)
perature Difference

CLTDwc qsw

oF Btu/hr
34.5 4,544
52.5 230
32.5 4,280
35.5 1,834
35.5 848
-
-
11,736
x A, page A.9)

n solar time of 1600H)

CLTDgc qsgc

oF Btu/hr
32.5 21,508.65
32.5 716.95
32.5 21,508.65
32.5 8,434.76
- -
- -
- -
52,169

n many ways to light. Both can pass through transparent materials such as glass.
ntrolled by installing venetian blinds, curtains or drapes.

ok of Fundamentals and its previous editions used Cooling Load Factors (CLFs)
cooling loads obtained with this method do not recognize the significant variation
e closely approximate cooling loads due to solar radiation transmitted through

ugh and absorbed by the glass is determined by:

qgs

Btu/hr
20,980.19
815.9
16,900.71
34,738.44
-
-
-
73,435.24
 nsfer of heat through the separating section must be considered. The heat transfer rate is given by:

CODE NO.
E0
E1
C7
E1
E0
hr-ft2 °F/Btu
Btu/hr-ft2 F

Wall and Roof)

ces of internal heat gain are people,
ffice equipment.

nsible heat to the space

sible and latent heat to the space.
r both sensible

ugh significant additional

ighting load is equal to 2watts/ft2.

Fu Fs CLF qsl
Btu/hr
1 1.2 1 115,974.81
1 1.2 1 792.54
1 1.2 1 2,377.62
1 1.2 1 1,673.14
120,818.10
 qlp

Btu/hr
24,750.00
1,500.00
2,250.00
1,500.00
30,000.00

qlp

Btu/hr
19,800.00
1,200.00
1,800.00
1,200.00
24,000

, equipment load given during

 1 watt/ft2 except for

CLF qse

Btu/hr
1 96,645.67
1 14,860.10
- -
- -
111,505.77

humid than the indoor air. Outdoor

introduction of outdoor air into a space,
must often be cooled and dehumidified
ning equipment. ASHRAE Standard 62,
quired per person (or per unit area)

at gain from infiltration is:

69 °F dry air at sea level)

timates of Infiltration Airflow);

(69 °F dry air at sea level)

16 and apply the corresponding values)

 qli
Btu/hr
21,474.05
146.75
440.24
309.8
22,371
 Airflow
u-min / hr-ft3-ºF) TDv qsv
(ft3/min) (ºF) (Btu/hr)
1980 38 81,259.20
120 38 4,924.80
135 38 5,540.40
90 38 3,693.60
95,418

r Ventilation)
 Airflow ΔWv qlv
(ft3/min) (grains/ (Btu/hr)
lb)
1980 44 60,984.00
120 44 3,696.00
135 44 4,158.00
90 44 2,772.00
71,610.00

ed in conditioned airstream,
ing load of this project to

Latent Heat Total Cooling

Loads (Btu/Hr) Loads (Btu/hr)
- 284,765
- 11,736
- 52,169
- 73,435
- 9,174
- 120,818
24,000 54,000
- 111,506
22,371 52,179
769,783

71,610 167,028
936,811
28,104
964,915

Internal Load Ventilation Total Safety

Load Load Factor
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
People People Eqpt. Infilt. Infilt. Vent Vent Total -3%
 (qs) (qlpe) (qse) (qs) (qli) (qs) (qlv) (Btu/Hr)
24,750 19,800 96646.00 28,613 21,474 81,259 60,984 863,852 25,916
1,500 1,200 14860.00 196 147 4,925 3,696 30,739 922
2,250 1,800 587 440 5,540 4,158 25,108 753
1,500 1,200 413 310 3,694 2,772 17,111 513

by the total heat gain (sensible plus latent) and is defined as follows:

on. Assume Fan static Pressure of 4” and Fan and motor Combined efficiency of 65%) (see Appendix A, page A.16)
1 psi = 27.7076 in.of water
1 psi = 6895 Pa
1 psi = 2.03602 inch of mercury
1 Bar = 14.5038 psi
1 Bar = 100 kPa
 40805.3

DESIGNATION

vator Lobby 2
Grand Total
Load

Btu/hr
889,768
31,662
25,861
17,624

964,915