IDENTIFICATION

-is a phenomenon resulting from the sudden release of stored energy in the Earth’s crust which creates
seismic waves.

-broad-banded vibratory ground motions, resulting from a number of causes including tectonic ground
motions, volcanism, and man-made explosions

-represent one of the largest potential sources of casualties and damage for inhabited areas due to a
natural hazard.

-Throughout history, they have destroyed countless cities and villages around the world and caused the
death of thousands of people.

-one of the most powerful forces to which civil structures will be subjected, and designing structures to
resist these forces represents an economic burden.

ENUMERATION

1. In general, an earthquake can damage a structure in three different ways:

2. GROUND FAILURE TYPES (5)