TITLE:TO STUDY THE WORKING OF HYDRAULIC RAM

Objective:
 To know about the working principle and application of hydraulic ram
 To find out the efficiency of hydraulic ram

Apparatus required:
 Hydraulic Ram arrangement setup

Theory:
Hydraulic Ram is a device with which small quantities of water can be pumped to higher levels from the available
large quantity of water of low head. It works on the principle of water hammer.

It consists of valve box wherein low head water

flows. The box contains a waste valveV1 which
opens inward and a delivery valve V2 which
opens outwards. Both the valves V1 and V2 are
non-return valves that allow the flow only in one
direction. Valve V2 communicates with air vessel
which is connected to the delivery tank through
a delivery pipe.

It works on the principle of “water hammer”.

When a flowing liquid is suddenly brought to
rest, the change in momentum of liquid causes a
sudden rise in pressure. This rise in pressure is
utilized to raise a portion of a liquid to a higher
level.

The efficiency of hydraulic ram depends upon following:

1. Losses in the pipe.

2. Losses in valve box.
3. Ratios l/h and h/H.

Here according to D’Aubuisson’s efficiency = (q*H)/(Q*h)

Here Q= discharge from supply tank to valve box,

q= discharge from valve box to delivery tank,

h= height of water in supply tank above valve box

H= height of water in delivery tank above valve box.

Procedure:
 First water from a delivery tank is made flow through the pipe.
 Then waste height of water level at supply side and waste side were measured and then corresponding
time was also recorded.
  Procedure 1 & 2 were repeated.

Observation and calculation:

s.n q Q P1 (kg/cm2)

r1(cm) r2(cm) t(sec) R1-R2(cm) T(sec)

1 7.5 9 30 14.8 25 0.15

2 9 10.5 25 8 20
0.25

We know:

r= (r2-r1)/100 here r11=0.015 m & r12= 0.015 m

R=(R2-R1)/100 here R11=0.148 m & R22=0.08 m

Given A=0.1215 m2, Hg=1m H2O

hd=10*p m of H2O, now from table data: hd1= 1.5 m & hd2=2.5 m

Also,

q=(A*r)/t here q11=6.075*10-5 m3/s & q22=7.29*10-5 m3/s

Q=(A*R)/T here Q11=7.1928*10-4 m3/s & Q22=4.86*10-4 m3/s

We know efficiency (η)= (q*hd)/(Q*Hg)

= (q11 *hd1)/(Q11*Hg) =12.66 %

= (q22 *hd2)/(Q22*Hg) =37.5%

Average efficiency(ηave) =25.08%

Result:

Hence the efficiency of Hydraulic Ram is found to be: 25.08%

Conclusion:

Hence the working principle of hydraulic ram is observed.