[Date] [Document title]

[Document subtitle]

Maher Fattouh
MICROSOFT (C)
Experiment Aim:

1. The study effect pressure distribution along nozzle by using mercury

manometer to measure the head pressure (P) along down surface
nozzle, the distance between point and other point (25 mm)

2. Compare result with theoretical result

Experiment theory :

Following ( ( 188umptions are taken under consideration during

modeling the present Case study :

1 , Nozzle is chocked .

2 , The pressure during nozzle is beggar , this due tovelocity of

supersonic .

3 . One dimension , .

4 . Isentropic process
K+1/2(K-1)

Where:-

A =Cross-section area (m2)

K= Specific heat ratio (Cp/Cv).

M= Mach Number.

Po= pressure (special in supersonic Nozzle).

P= pressure (special in supersonic Nozzle)

*= the critical stat, (Mach Number ) Calculeted:

Experimental
1. ∆h = h-ho = 10.2- 2.9 = 7.3 cm
=1- = 0.903
0.903
0.38

2. ∆h = h-ho = 16.5 - 2.9 = 13.6 cm

=1- = 0.821
0.821
0.54

3. ∆h = h-ho = 23.3- 2.9 =20.4 cm

=1- = 0.7315
0.7315
0.68

4. ∆h = h-ho = 35.4- 2.9 = 32.5 cm

=1- = 0.572
0.572
0.93
5. ∆h = h-ho = 43.2- 2.9 = 40.3 cm
=1- = 0.469
0.469
1.10

6. ∆h = h-ho = 58.2- 2.9 = 55.3 cm

=1- = 0.272
0.272
1.50

7. ∆h = h-ho = 61.5 - 2.9 = 58.6 cm

=1- = 0.228
0.228
1.62

8. ∆h = h-ho = 62.2- 2.9 = 59.3 cm

=1- = 0.2197
0.2197
1.65

9. ∆h = h-ho = 63.8- 2.9 = 60.9 cm

=1- = 0.1986
0.1986
1.71
10. ∆h = h-ho = 63.4 - 2.9 = 60.5 cm
=1- = 0.2039
0.2039
1.70

11. ∆h = h-ho =56.4 - 2.9 = 53.5 cm

=1- = 0.296
0.296
1.44

12. ∆h = h-ho = 61.6- 2.9 = 58.7 cm

=1- = 0.2276
0.2276
1.62

13. ∆h = h-ho = 59.6 - 2.9 = 56.7 cm

=1- = 0.2539
0.2539
1.55
 m m M
X ho(c ) ∆h(c ) P/Po ex
p.
0 .
10.2 7.3 0.903 3
8
50 16.5 13. 6 0.821 0
.
5
4
0 4 0
10 23.3 20. 0.7315 .
6
8
15 0 35.4 32. 5 0.572 0
.
9
3
0 3 1
20 43.2 40. 0.469 .
1
0
25 0 58.2 55. 3 0.272 1
.
5
0
0 6 1
30 61.5 58. .
6
2
35 0 62.2 59. 3 1
.
6
5
 0 9 1
40 63.8 60. 0.1986 .
7
1
45 0 63.4 60. 5 0.2039 1
.
7
0
0 5 1
50 56..4 53. 0.296 .
4
4
55 0 61.6 58. 7 0.2276 1
.
6
2
0 7 1
60 59.6 56. 0.2539 .
5
5

Theory :-
S = 152 – ( YU + YL )
Find the s along nozzle and represented value minimum (S) in
throat this name (S min.)

S*=59.2

Y
X(mm) Yu L
 10.
0 10.7 7
25 24.4 20.
7
2
50 37.5 5
75 47.1 24.
5
25.
100 58.2 5
125 66.2 25.
5
25.
150 67.7 5
175 63.4 25.
5
25.
200 59 5
225 55.2 25.
5
25.
250 50.2 5
275 45 25.
5
25.
300 40.1 5
325 37 25.
5
25.
350 35 5
375 33.5 25.
5
25.
400 31.3 5
425 30.3 25.
5
25.
450 29.3 5
475 28.4 25.
5
25.
500 28.5 5
525 28 25.
5
25.
550 27 5
575 25.4 25.
5
25.
600 25.4 5
1. S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (10.7+10.7)  S = 130.6
 2.206

Since

From table (B.2) at 2.206

Mth = 0.27

2. S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (24.4+20.7)  S = 106.9

1.805

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.805

Mth = 0.34

3. S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (37.5+25)  S = 89.5

1.511

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.511

Mth = 0.43

4. S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (47.1+24.5)  S = 80.4

 1.358

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.358

Mth = 0.49

5. S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (58.2+25.5)  S = 68.3

1.153

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.153

Mth = 0.63

6. S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (66.2+25.5)  S = 60.3

1.0185

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.0185

Mth = 0.86

7. S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (67.7+25.5)  S = 58.8

 0.9932

Since

From table (B.2) at 0.9932

Mth = 1

8. S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (63.4+25.5)  S = 63.1

1.065

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.065

Mth = 1.29

9. S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (59+25.5)  S = 67.5

1.1402

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.1402

Mth = 1.45

10.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (55.2+25.5)  S = 71.3

 1.204

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.204

Mth = 1.54

11.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (50.2+25.5)  S = 76.3

1.2888

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.2888

Mth = 1.65

12.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (45+25.5)  S = 81.5

1.3766

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.3766

Mth = 1.74

13.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (40.1+25.5)  S = 86.4

 1.4594

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.4594

Mth = 1.81

14.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (37+25.5)  S = 89.5

1.511

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.511

Mth = 1.87

15.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (35+25.5)  S = 91.5

1.5456

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.5456

 Mth = 1.89

16.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (33.5+25.5)  S = 93

1.5709

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.5709

Mth = 1.92

17.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (31.3+25.5)  S = 95.2

1.608

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.608

Mth = 1.94

18.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (30.3+25.5)  S = 96.2

 1.625

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.625

Mth = 1.95

19.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (29.3+25.5)  S = 97.2

1.641

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.641

Mth = 1.97

20.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (28.4+25.5)  S = 98.1

1.655

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.655

 1.657

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.657

Mth = 1.98

21.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (28.5+25.5)  S = 98

Mth = 1.983

22.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (28+25.5)  S = 98.5

1.6638

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.6638

Mth = 1.985

23.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (27+25.5)  S = 99.5

 1.6807

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.6807

Mth = 1.995

24.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (25.4+25.5)  S = 101.1

1.7077

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.7077

Mth = 2.01
 Yu
25.S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (25.4+25.5)  S = 101.1
1.7077

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.7077

Mth = 2.01
X(mm) Yu YL S(mm) S/S* M P/PO
0 10.7 10.7 130.9 2.206 0.27 0.9506
25 24.4 20.7 106.9 1.805 0.34 0.9231
50 37.5 25 89.5 1.511 0.43 0.8806
75 47.1 24.5 80.4 1.358 0.49 0.8486
100 58.2 25.5 68.3 1.153 0.63 0.7654
125 66.2 25.5 60.3 1.0185 0.86 0.6170
150 67.7 25.5 58.8 0.9932 1 0.5282
175 63.4 25.5 63.1 1.065 1.29 0.3658
200 59 25.5 67.5 1.1402 1.45 0.2927
225 55.2 25.5 71.3 1.204 1.54 0.2570
250 50.2 25.5 76.3 1.2888 1.65 0.2183
275 45 25.5 81.5 1.3766 1.74 0.1907
300 40.1 25.5 86.4 1.4594 1.81 0.1714
325 37 25.5 89.5 1.511 1.87 0.1563
350 35 25.5 91.5 1.5456 1.89 0.1515
375 33.5 25.5 93 1.5709 1.92 0.1447
400 31.3 25.5 95.2 1.608 1.94 0.1402
425 30.3 25.5 96.2 1.625 1.95 0.1381
450 29.3 25.5 97.2 1.641 1.97 0.1339
475 28.4 25.5 98.1 1.657 1.98 0.13184
500 28.5 25.5 98 1.655 1.983 0.13182
525 28 25.5 98.5 1.6638 1.985 0.129817
550 27 25.5 99.5 1.6807 1.995 0.129805
575 25.4 25.5 101.1 1.7077 2.01 0.12583
600 25.4 25.5 101.1 1.7077 2.01 0.12583
25. S = 152 – (YU+YL) = 152 – (25.4+25.5)  S = 101.1
1.7077

Since

From table (B.2) at 1.7077

Mth = 2.01

Discussion:-

1- What is the condition inside Nozzle.

Solution:

converging-diverging nozzle, perhaps the most important and

basic piece of engineering hardware associated with propulsion
and the high speed flow of gases. This device was invented by Carl
de Laval toward the end of the l9th century and is thus often
referred to as the 'de Laval' nozzle. This applet is intended to help
students of compressible aerodynamics visualize the flow through
this type of nozzle at a range of conditions.
2- Illustrate the back pressure Pb on the flow inside nozzle?

Solution:

The back pressure is a single value of pressure typically represent that

at the exit of a flow device in your case the dact

There are many ways to make the gas in the dact to flow ,and one of
them is to lower the pressure at the exit .for constant area duct the
smaller the back pressure .the faster the fluid will flow in the duct and
such observation is no longer applied if compressibility effects
dominating.

3-The effect of back pressure Pb on the mass flow rate?

Solution:

4-Draw the relation between the (Mexp, Mth) and X Solution:

 2.5

1.5

1 exp
tho
0.5

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

x(mm)

5- Draw the relation between the (P/Pth,P/pex) and X.

Solution:

6- Compare the result that you have found from experimental

and theoretical value and suggest about develop system
Solution: