DIVINE KNOWLEDGE:

BUDDHIST MATHEMATICS ACCORDING TO ANTOINE MOSTAERT’S

MANUAL OF MONGOLIAN ASTROLOGY AND DIVINATION

Brian Gregory Baumann

Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School

in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree
Doctor of Philosophy
in the Department of Central Eurasian Studies,
Indiana University
October 2005
 UMI Number: 3200372

Copyright 2005 by
Baumann, Brian Gregory

All rights reserved.

UMI Microform 3200372

Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company.
All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against
unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code.

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 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

______________________________
György Kara, Ph.D.

______________________________
Christopher P. Atwood, Ph.D.
Doctoral
Committee

______________________________
Christopher Beckwith, Ph.D.

______________________________
Elliot Sperling, Ph.D.

______________________________
October 5, Stephen Bokenkamp, Ph.D.
2005

ii
 © 2005
Brian Gregory Baumann
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

iii
in memory of Jacob and Frances Geritz

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This dissertation has been in the making in various incarnations for some eight years

over which time I have seen our daughter, Laura, grow into a kind and lovely girl and the

birth of our son, David, who delights us with his sweet and joyful heart, and so for all the

precious times that have come along the way, it is a pleasure now to be able to acknowledge

some of the people who have helped me realize the fruition of my work here. First of all I

would like to thank my teachers and in particular the members of my committee, Christopher

Atwood, Christopher Beckwith, Stephen Bokenkamp, György Kara, and Elliot Sperling, for

their assistance.

Special gratitude goes to Professors Atwood and Kara, with whom I had the majority

of my classes here at IU and who gave so much of their time and energy to help me. It was

Professor Atwood who proposed that I take on this work. He made a preliminary reading of

the text with me in a private summer session and suffered the numerous drafts of the

introduction. His comments helped greatly in refining my explication and analysis of the

text. It was Professor Kara, my advisor, who, having helped me with every draft to improve

the transcription, translation, and introduction, ploughed through this unruly dissertation in

its entirety, including the word and subject indices and glossary. His vast knowledge made

this dissertation possible, and his wisdom, good humor, and great kindness inspired me to

see it through. These two exceptional teachers are uncommonly dedicated to their work,

their students, and the greater good, and I am fortunate to know them.

v
 I would also like to thank Michael Beard at the University of North Dakota for his

correspondence concerning the first principles of mathematics; Michael Walter for reading

an early draft of the introduction and offering valuable comments; Ron Sela for his advice

and assistance; and John Krueger for his help in locating the original manuscript and

donating a copy of Mostaert’s facsimile, the Manual of Mongolian Astrology and Divination,

for my use.

Thanks are due as well to April Younger, who has cheerfully helped me with the

administrative steps along the way; Susie Drost, who has looked after me in ways too

numerous to mention; Ruth Meserve, who offered her advice and assistance the first day I

came to Goodbody Hall and has continued to help me ever since; and Jennifer Liu, who

encouraged me.

Finally, I thank the members of my family for their support and faith in me over the

years, especially my parents in North Dakota, my brothers, the families of my aunt Joanne,

my uncle Gordon, my cousin Suzanne, and my mother and father-in-law in Inner Mongolia.

Most of all I thank Tana, whose self-sacrifice, fortitude, and love sustained us through the

hardships brought on by my too unworldly ways.

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 PREFACE

This dissertation has seven main parts: 1) an introduction 2) bibliographical

references 3) transcription; 4) translation; 5) glossary; 6) subject index; and 7) a word index.

The bibliographical references, being most in need of use with the introduction, follow that

section to save readers from having to travel all the way to the end. In the translation, to

reduce some of the repetition between the various sections of the dissertation and to facilitate

reading for those already familiar with Mongolian Buddhist texts, relatively few footnotes

are given. Rather, when it comes to noteworthy terms, the Mongolian form is given in

parentheses and may be looked up in the glossary which follows. For its own part the

glossary in most cases gives only a brief description of terms, which often are more

thoroughly discussed in the introduction. It is in the glossary, however, and not the

introduction where emphasis is placed on listing equivalents in Sanskrit, Tibetan, Chinese

and other languages. While much of the bulk of the dissertation comes from the

reorganization of the glossary terms according to subject and though many of these subjects

are discussed in some detail in the introduction, the subject index is justified by a number of

important lists (in particular the omen protases) and overall gives a unique perspective on the

text and its genre. The word index, modeled after those of L. Ligeti (a la Monuments

préclassiques), organizes the basic Mongolian word forms alphabetically according to their

morphology. Occasionally in so doing the alphabetical order between a basic word form and

the derivation of another is disrupted. Also, included as a derivation of the basic word forms

is the attributive -tu/-tü form which could just as well have been listed separately.

vii
 Transcription of Mongolian is according to the philological system of Antoine

Mostaert as found in the “Index des mots du mongol écrit et du mongol ancien” to his

Dictionnaire ordos. As a supplement to this system, an underline is used to indicate various

divergences from classical Mongolian orthography. In these cases the written form in the

text is transliterated as is. Transcription of Tibetan is generally in accordance with Wylie’s

system (1959), though in some instances follows that of the source from which it was taken.

Sanskrit forms follow the source from which they were taken and due to the author’s

unfamiliarity with the language, should not be relied upon for citation. Chinese terms are

given in pinyin with Wade-Giles transcription frequently included for ease of reference.

viii
 ABSTRACT

Brian Gregory Baumann

DIVINE KNOWLEDGE:
BUDDHIST MATHEMATICS ACCORDING TO ANTOINE MOSTAERT’S
MANUAL OF MONGOLIAN ASTROLOGY AND DIVINATION

In 1969 Antoine Mostaert published, together with a detailed introduction, the

facsimile of a manuscript from Ordos, Inner Mongolia. For the richness of its language and

the fullness of its content, this manuscript is one of the best specimens of its genre known

to date. The genre, described inclusively by Mostaert as “astrology and divination” for the

Mongolian term to(-a “mathematics,” is anomalous, obsolete for modern English speakers,

yet one of the most pervasive among the collections of Mongolian writing, and a sticking

point for Western scholars, many of whom, as Cicero in De Divinatione, wonder at its reason

for being. Hence, the aim of this dissertation is to elaborate on Mostaert’s earlier study by

offering a transcription and translation of the text, a critical introduction that sheds light on

the function of this kind of literature in Mongolian Buddhist culture, and a glossary and word

and subject indices.

The thesis of the introduction argues that in order to understand the genre’s reason

for being, one must understand its empirical basis in nature. This empirical basis is found

in the problem of time, common to calendar makers everywhere. Two interpretations exist

for the remainders to calendrical computations: one, the means for measuring are not suitably

ix
refined, implying an optimistic assumption in a logical universe; two, computation fails

because nature itself lacks uniformity, implying a nihilistic assumption in a chaotic universe.

History shows that Greek astrology, guided by faith in absolute time, set off on a

deterministic course culminating in the Enlightenment. History shows too that Buddhist

dharma is based on the opposing point of view, that the distinction between instant and

duration is the one true thing in nature. These two antagonistic (not arbitrary) perceptions

influence the rhetoric of science and our understanding of the primary aspects of traditional

mathematics, healing, ritual, magic, and so on.

________________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgments ...............................................................................................................v

Preface .................................................................................................................................vii

Abstract ..............................................................................................................................viii

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................xi

List of Tables ......................................................................................................................xii

Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................xv

I. Introduction ....................................................................................................................1

Overview ...............................................................................................................................1

Influences ............................................................................................................................43

Theory .................................................................................................................................62

Practice ...............................................................................................................................115

II. Bibliographical References ........................................................................................320

III. Transcription .............................................................................................................361

IV. Translation .................................................................................................................542

V. Glossary .......................................................................................................................681

VI. Subject Vocabulary ..................................................................................................1028

VII. Word Index ..............................................................................................................1473

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 LIST OF TABLES

I.1 Topic Headings ...............................................................................................................11

I.2 Tables of the Manual ......................................................................................................23

I.3 References/Sources ........................................................................................................27

IV.1 The Elements/Maqabud ..............................................................................................124

IV.2 The Five Colors ..........................................................................................................125

IV.3 The Eight Trigrams .....................................................................................................126

IV.4 A Survey of Twelve Omens ........................................................................................130

IV.5 Magical Treatments/Formulae ....................................................................................147

IV.6 The Twelve Stages of Dependent Origination/Šitün Barildaqui ................................159

IV.7 Symbols of the Times of Various Spirits ....................................................................160

IV.8 Star Spirits ..................................................................................................................174

IV.9 Patterns of the Spirits of the Times and Places ...........................................................186

IV.9a Patterns of the Spirits of the Calendar Months (8r-19r) ...............................186

IV.9a.1 Their Positions According to the Eight Directions ........................187

IV.9a.2 The Positions of Šitügen Eke According to the Twelve Animal

Zodiac .........................................................................................................187

IV.9a.3 The Days of the Spirits According to the Twelve Animals ...........187

IV.9b Where the Do(šin Baling Dwell ..................................................................188

IV.9c The Empty Moon ..........................................................................................188

IV.9d Table of the Heavens for the Day To Set Out on a Journey During Any

Month.......................................................................................................................189

xii
 IV.9e Fortunate Way For A Bride To Set Off On Her Journey ..............................191

IV.9f Way of Affliction For A Bride To Set Off On Her Journey ..........................191

IV.9g Yellow Dust ..................................................................................................192

IV.9h Red Dust .......................................................................................................193

IV.10 The Horoscope ..........................................................................................................195

IV.11 The Wandering Stars ................................................................................................200

IV.12 The Twenty-eight Nakshatra: Linguistic Forms and Junction Star ..........................204

IV.13 The Twenty-Eight Nakshatra: Epithet, Figure, Direction, Element, Number of

Stars....................................................................................................................................207

IV.14 Other Nakshatra classifications ................................................................................213

IV.15 Correspondences of the Asterism Systems: the Manual, Indian, Uygur, Chinese and

Other Mongolian Sources ...................................................................................................219

IV.16 Table of Nakshatra Figures in Manual, Indian and Chinese Sources .......................223

IV.17 The Twenty-eight Nakshatra ....................................................................................225

IV.18 The Four Sky Animals ..............................................................................................256

IV.19 The Twelve Signs of the Zodiac ...............................................................................257

IV.20 The Twelve Animals .................................................................................................262

IV.21 The Eight Directions .................................................................................................263

IV.22 The Ten Heavenly Stems ..........................................................................................268

IV.23 Dual Combinations of the Ten Heavenly Stems .......................................................269

IV.24 Sexagenary Cycle ......................................................................................................269

IV.25 Hours of Light and Darkness ....................................................................................272

xiii
IV.26 The Seven Day Week ...............................................................................................276

IV.27 The Seven, Eight and Nine Day Weeks ....................................................................277

IV.28 The Twelve Lords/Arban Qoyar E¯en ......................................................................279

IV.29 The Large and Small Months ....................................................................................280

IV.30 The Months ...............................................................................................................282

IV.31 The Ancient Mongolian Months ...............................................................................286

IV.32 The Twelve Hours ....................................................................................................296

IV.33 The Three Kalpa .......................................................................................................297

IV.34 Time Reckoning Systems .........................................................................................298

IV.34a System A .....................................................................................................298

IV.34b System B .....................................................................................................299

IV.34c System C .....................................................................................................301

IV.35 The Four Seasons ......................................................................................................306

IV.36 The Signs of the Seasons ..........................................................................................306

IV.37 The Kinds of Bride ...................................................................................................317

xiv
 ABBREVIATIONS

AA. Acta Asiatic: Bulletin of the Institute of Eastern Culture.

AOH. Acta Orientalia, Budapest, Magyar Tudomanyos Akadémia.

AM. Asia Major.

AR. Asiatic Researches.

AUD. Ana(aqu uqa(an-u dörben ündüsü [the four bases of medical knowledge],

[Kökeqota]: Öbör Mong(ol-un Arad-un Keblel-ün Qoriy-a, 1978.

BSOAS. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies.

BTD. Sárközi, Alice, A Buddhist terminological dictionary: the Mongolian

Mahâvyutpatti, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz, 1995.

CAJ. Central Asiatic Journal.

Das. Das, Sarat Chandra, Tibetan-English Dictionary with Sanskrit Synonyms,

Alipore: West Bengal Government Press, 1960. (Reprint)

DBT. Dictionary of Buddhist Terms and Concepts, Tokyo: Nichiren Shoshu

International Center, 1983.

DO. Mostaert, Antoine, Dictionnaire ordos, New York: Johnson Reprint Corp.,

1968.

EB. Encyclopedia Britannica.

ET II. Sa(ang Secen, Erdeni-yin Tobci (‘Precious Summary’) II. Word-Index to the

Urga Text, prepared by I. de Rachewiltz and J. R. Krueger, Canberra:

Australian National University, 1991.

HJAS. Harvard Journal of Asian Studies.

xv
IM. Information Mongolia, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1990.

JA. Journal Asiatique.

JAOS. Journal of the American Oriental Society.

Jäschke Jäschke, H. A., A Tibetan-English Dictionary, London: Routledge & Paul,

1949 [reprint].

JRAS. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.

JSYS. Journal of Sung Yuan Studies.

KOT. Raghu Vira and Lokesh Chandra, eds., Kâlacakra-tantra and other texts,

New Delhi, 1966.

Lessing Lessing, F., ed., Mongolian-English Dictionary, Bloomington: The Mongolia

Society, 1982.

MAT. Altangerel, D., Orchin tsagiin Mongol-Angli toli, Ulaanbaatar, 1998.

Mathews Mathews, R. H., Mathew’s Chinese-English Dictionary, revised, American

ed., Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000.

MCB. Melanges Chinois et Bouddhiques.

MMAD. Mostaert, Antoine, Manual of Mongolian Astrology and Divination,

Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1969.

Mong. Mongolian

MS. Monumenta Serica: Journal of Oriental Studies of the Catholic University

of Peking.

MSD. Raghu Vira, Mongolian-Sanskrit dictionary, New Delhi, 1959 reprint.

xvi
MW. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press,

1899/1960.

ODT. de Nebesky-Wojkowitz, R., Oracles and demons of Tibet, Gratz, 1975.

Pentaglot Tamura Jitsuzo, et al., transl., Wu t’i ch’ing wen chien, Kyoto, 1966.

S. Sanskrit

SE I. Bawden, C. R., "The Supernatural Element in Sickness and Death According

to Mongol Tradition" Part I, Asia Major VIII, pp. 215-257.

SE II. Bawden, C. R., "The Supernatural Element in Sickness and Death According

to Mongol Tradition" Part II, Asia Major IX, pp. 153-178.

Soothill. Soothill, W. E. and Lewis Hodous, A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist terms:

With Sanskrit and English equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index, Richmond:

Curzon Press, 1995.

TEDP. Gyurme Dorje, comm. and transl., Tibetan elemental divination paintings

illuminated manuscripts from The White Beryl of Sangs-rgyas rGya-mtsho

[the Vaidûrya dkar-po] with the Moonbeams treatise of Lo-chen Dharmaúrî,

London, 2001.

Tib. Tibetan

TP. T’oung Pao.

TPS. Tucci, Giuseppe, Tibetan Painted Scrolls, 2 vols., Kyoto: Rinsen Book Co.,

Ltd., 1980/1949.

TU. Èeden, et. al., analyst, Tngri-yin Udq-a, <Kökeqota>, Öbör Mong(ol-un

Sinjilekü Uqa(an Teknik Mergejil-ün Keblel-ün Qoriy-a, 1990.

xvii
Uy. Uygur

ZAS. Zentralasiatischestudieren.

ZDMG. Zeitschrift der Deutsche Morgenlandische Gesellschaft.

xviii
 INTRODUCTION

I. Overview

The manuscript presented herein was once owned by a Tang(ud Mongol named

Sangwar, who, while working as a petty official, practiced divination for the local people of

Boro Balgasun, a village located in Ordos, Inner Mongolia, the high plateau region of sparse

grasslands, sand dunes and salt flats lying within the bend of the Yellow River, bordered to

the south by the remnants of the Great Wall.1 After his death, said to have been some time

during the First World War, his son, around 1918 or 1919, offered to sell the manuscript to

Rev. Antoine Mostaert, who paid a sum of seven silver taels and included it among others

in his large collection.2 Mostaert, Superior of the Belgian Scheut mission on the outskirts

of Boro Balgasun, had come to Inner Mongolia from Belgium in 1906 and would stay until

1925. Upon completion of his term, he relocated in Beijing, where he wrote and published

a number of outstanding works for the field of Mongolian studies. Among these are Folklore

ordos and, in 1941, his excellent reference of Mongolian language, the Dictionnaire ordos.3

1
Sangwar was a Mongol of the Tang(ud clan. For more on the ethnography of the
region, cf. Mostaert, "Matériaux ethnogaphique relatifs aux Mongols Ordos" and for
reference to the Tang(ud clan, cf. Ordosica, Les noms de clan chez les Mongols Ordos, p.
45.
2
Rev. Mostaert's Mongolian manuscripts eventually found their way into numerous
collections; however, one catalogue given specifically to the manuscripts collected by the
Scheut priests, most of them collected by Mostaert, himself, is W. Heissig's "The Mongol
Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Belgian Scheut Mission” CAJ 3 (1957): 161-189.
3
For a bibliography of Mostaert's early works see Monumenta Serica 1945.

1
INTRODUCTION

With the Communist takeover imminent, Mostaert left Beijing in November, 1948, arriving

in the United States in February, 1949. He moved to "Missionhurst" in Arlington, VA,

where among his works he published articles explicating passages of Mong(ol-un Ni'uèa

Tobèa'an (The Secret History of the Mongols) and the Mongolian letters found in the Vatican

library.4 In 1969, some fifty years after receiving it, he published a facsimile of Sangwar’s

manuscript together with an extensive introduction as Manual of Mongolian Astrology and

Divination, Part Four in the Scripta Mongolica Series of the Harvard-Yenching Institute.

The original manuscript is in Rome, in the archives of the headquarters of the CICM

(Scheut).5 As Mostaert describes in his very thorough and excellent introduction to the text,

the manuscript is anonymous, with neither title nor colophon. The paper is thick and solid.

Its dimensions are 45.5 x 17 cm. There are 61 folios. The general period of the text is the

19th century. This, Mostaert points out, is indicated clearly by its paleography. Specifically,

the use of the Manchu dot, or tongki was characteristic of the time (MMAD 1-2). The text

is written in two distinct hands, the second, less elegant hand, beginning on folio 55 recto

with the discussion of the descent of the black dog of heaven (tngri-yin qara noqai).

Orthography

4
For brief descriptions of Mostaert's career cf. R. Rupen, "Antoine Mostaert, CICM
and Comparative Mongolian Folklore," CAJ 1 (1955): 2-8 and N. Poppe, "Antoine Mostaert,
CICM" CAJ 15 (1971): 164-169.
5
This information comes to me from Igor de Rachewiltz by way of a note on my
behalf from John Krueger.

2
INTRODUCTION

The orthography is close to classical Mongolian but with some peculiarities. There

is the use of the Manchu dot or tongki, as mentioned. In the manual the tongki is often used

to designate the front-vowel quality of a word. This is especially true in cases when aleph,

e, follows shin, s, as in sedkil, segül, küsel, etc. It is also occasionally used to distinguish

voiced consonants, such as d and g, from unvoiced consonants, t and k, phonemes not

differentiated in classical Mongolian orthography. The use of the Manchu tongki to mark

voiced g from unvoiced k is found specifically, though sporadically, in the rendering of

foreign words, such as gi, Chinese zhi/chih “to uphold, protect,” the 6th of the Twelve lords

of the day (arban qoyar e¯en). In this it functions merely as a transcription symbol.

Other transcription symbols include a modified beth, the downward bending yod, to

mark either the labial-dental spirant v in Sanskrit words such as vajra (Mong. vaèir) or the

bilabial spirant w in Chinese words such as taiwang/t’ai-wang (Mong. dayiwang). Ayushi

Gushi’s galig k, a bow with a slanted pin, is used to mark a foreign unaspirated velar stop g,

as in gara( (S. graha “planet”); the straight pin version of galik k is found in only one

instance, i.e., to transcribe Tibetan phyag btsol lab (Mong. kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab])

“to prostrate oneself.” The tsaddi modified with an off shooting down-turned stroke marks

various foreign affricates, as in the lunar mansion, Jayitari (S. Citrâ), the trigram jen (Ch.

zhen/chen), and jii, the Tibetan letter zi. The tsaddi modified with an upward stroke, is used

in one instance, to render Tibetan z in g’zangdang (Tib. gza’ bdun) “planet.” Finally, to mark

an aspirated labial plosive p, as in Chinese ping, the bow of the Mongolian character b is

indented.

3
INTRODUCTION

In front vowel words in which the vowel of the first syllable is written only with a

single aleph, e, a rounded vowel in the second syllable is marked with a superfluous yod

following vaw, as in the word emün-e “south.” To mark an initial y another Manchu

innovation, the upturned yod, is used. The benefit of this symbol is lost occasionally,

however, in that in initial consonants it is used indiscriminately with ¯. For example, ¯il,

“year” is often written as yile (2v, passim). This Manchu innovation is not found in

Mongolian orthography prior to the 19th century and in the case of this term its use is not

justified by the spoken language. Also in the way of ambiguity, word final -ng consonants

are often compressed to the point where the grapheme denoting -n- is indiscernible;

diphthongs -ayi- and -eyi- as in sayin and teyin, are written with the middle yod, known as

silbi “shin”, reduced to the shorter aleph grapheme known as sidün “tooth” in Mongolian,

and -yu and -¯u suffixes are basically identical; context often indicates which form is which,

though in some cases the reading seems arbitrary.

As for the writing of grammatical forms, case endings are treated in a variety of ways.

Sometimes they are written separately from the stem, as is common in classical Mongolian

orthography, other times they are joined. The genitive -yin form following vowels is

occasionally substituted with -u/ü, e.g. buliyan qula(ai-u [=yin] üiles (deeds of robbery and

stealing) and qong keriy-e-ü [=yin] soddu (the quill feather of a raven). Also the genitive

is often omitted before post-positions, e.g. dalai deger-e [=dalay-yin deger-e] “on the

ocean.” As for the accusative case -yi and -i endings are often confused, the -yi ending

sometimes following a word-final consonant, as in üiles-yi written for üiles-i “the deeds” or

4
INTRODUCTION

the -i ending following a word-final vowel, as in bey-e-i written for bey-e-yi “the body.”

Sometimes the accusative is used instead of the genitive, as in the example, dayisun-i

[=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi ¯irubasu (if one inscribes the name of the enemy). Also, it is clear,

especially from the formulaic and repetitive lists of omens in the text, that usages of the

accusative form marking a definite object of a transitive verb and the indefinite zero form are

often arbitrary: for example, the phrase, “one will find a superior [re-] birth,” is given both

as degedü töröl-<y>i oluyu (29r) and degedü töröl oluyu (30r); in the omen conditions

found in the text, the phrase “if one makes an offering to Buddha” is written either as burqan

takibasu or burqan-i takibasu, and so on. Four forms of the dative locative are found: 1. -

dur/dür, -tur/tür; 2. du/dü, tu/tü; 3. -da/de, -ta/te and 4. -a/e. Of these, -dur/dür and -du/dü

are used almost exclusively over -tur/tür, tu/tü forms even following the consonants (, b, s,

d, g, and r, which normally take -tur/tür, -tu/tü, e.g., üiles-dür for üiles-tür; this is common

for attributive forms as well, e.g., ¯ir(ulang-du instead of ¯ir(ulang-tu. An exception to this

is in cases when the dative suffix starts a new line; here -tur/tür is used even following

vowels or the consonants n, ng, l, and m. In the ablative case, pre-classical -èa/èe is

occasionally used instead of -aèa/eèe, in which cases it is joined to the preceding word, e.g.,

(a¯arèa. The comitative forms -lu(-a/lüge are almost always given as -lu(-a regardless of

vowel harmony, e.g., tegün-lu(-a [=tegün-lüge], edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge], etc. Sometimes

the colloquial word formation suffix -tai/tei is found, e.g., ala( noqai-tai . . . kümün (a

person with a spotted dog).

5
INTRODUCTION

Use of the standard classical Mongolian diacritics is inconsistent. In some instances

the double dots to the left side of the ligature marking an unaspirated velar stop, (, as in (al,

“fire” are given; sometimes not. Similarly, the double dots to the right of the ligature

marking an alveo-palatal spirant, š, are used irregularly, not only in marking š before vowels

other than i, standard practice for distinguishing š from s, but before i as well, though here

it is superfluous.

Variable spellings are numerous. This is to be expected in the renderings of foreign

terms, frequent in astrological descriptions, especially from Sanskrit and Chinese, and from

Tibetan as well (see “Foreign Transcriptions” in the Subject Vocabulary). For instance, the

6th heavenly stem of the Chinese calendar matrix, Chinese ji/chi, is given in the text variously

as ¯i, yii, gi, and gii. However, Mongolian words are often written in variable ways as well.

These variations are worth noting as they frequently illuminate specific aspects of Mongolian

language: first, words are sometimes altered to clarify ambiguities of the Mongolian script,

e.g., quda “the heads of two families related by marriage” is sometimes written quda, with

a single lamed, d, but also as qudda to distinguish it from qota, “city, fortress, citadel;”

second, variable written forms tend to stem from changes in Mongolian language over time

away from the archaic pronunciation reflected in classical Mongolian orthography. Included

in these are dialectal variations, both locally and historically – going back to the eastern and

western dialects of Middle Mongolian. In this regard, variable spellings reflect: 1. the rise

of long vowels and diphthongs in Mongolian language, e.g., the classical form u(u- “to

drink,” pronounced simply as uu, is written variously in forms that mix classical orthography

6
INTRODUCTION

and modern pronunciation, u(uu-/uu(u-; ša(a¯a(ai/ša¯a(ai, classical ša(a¯a(ai “magpie”

and ügegüregülegèi/ügeyiregülügèi “the one that impoverishes” are further examples of this

trend; 2. assimilation, e.g., keregül and keregür, “quarrel, dispute.” 3. i and e alteration,

especially in proximity to the consonants b, r, l and the affricates è and ¯; for example

èeèeg/èièig “flower,” èerig/èereg/èireg/èirig “soldier,” beèig/bièig “writing,” beligtü/biligtu

“wisely,” debil/debel “robe,” tüle-/tüli- “to burn,” uèira-/uèara- “to meet, occasion,” šin-

e/šini “new,” möèe/möèi “limb [a unit of time],” qurièa/quraèi/quraèa- “to ardently desire”

and so on. 4. alternation of a/e and o/ö/u/ü, e.g.: qal¯an/qal¯un “blaze on the forehead (esp.

of horses),” ¯ol(a-/¯ol(o- “to meet,” mordo-/morda- “to mount a horse,” to(aèin/to(oèin

“mathematician,” tegülder/tegüldür “full, perfect.”

Also, a few words are written following Ordos pronunciation. For example, the term

qadquldubasu “upon doing battle,” is given in the text as (adquldubasu. Similarly there is

(alqala- for qalqala- “to shield,” and (okimui for qokimai, “withering.” These reflect the

change of strong consonants at the beginning of words to weak consonants under the

influence of strong or voiceless consonants at the beginning of the following syllable.6

Another example of Ordos pronunciation is okin for ökin, “daughter, virgin, maiden.”

Pre-classical and archaic elements are common in a number of forms: 1. terms and

concepts, e.g., ma(ui for ma(u “bad”; beri bo(tala- “to put the bo(to cap on a bride, i.e. to

marry her off; to become engaged,” an obsolete marriage custom; 2. grammatical forms: a)

6
Cf. Mostaert’s description of the Ordos dialect in Anthropos and N. Poppe,
Introduction to Mongolian Comparative Studies, pp. 20-21.

7
INTRODUCTION

dative-locative -a/e, common throughout the text, found rather frequently in classical

Mongolian texts but more so in pre-classical Mongolian, and -da/de/-ta/te, e.g., bügüdede

sayin (38r); b) ablative -èa/èe, e.g., qola (a¯arèa ¯oèid irekü (visitors will come from a far

away land [57r]); c) the abundance of plural forms; d) the plural form, -d, of the noun of

perfect suffix -(san, a more bookish than especially preclassical form, is found in the passage

do(olang ¯eremdeg a(sad (a¯ar “the place where the lame and cripple stay” (24r); e) the

present tense marker -m is found in the phrase darasun idegen uèaram “one will happen to

find wine and food” (50r); f) -(daqui/gdeküi, a mild imperative, e.g., edür qono(

tasura(san-i uqa(daqui “one should understand extracalation” (3v), and 3. transcription of

Chinese terms reflects a Middle Chinese pronunciation borrowed into Mongolian from both

Uygur and Tibetan sources. An example of this is found in the preservation of Chinese final

-m in the terms šim for Chinese ren, the 9th heavenly stem, attested in Uygur (see Table

IV.22) and kam, Chinese kan/k’an, one of the eight trigrams, attested in Tibetan (see Table

IV.3). This preservation of Chinese final -m coupled with the loss of other Chinese final

consonants -p, -t, and -k (compare Uygur forms of the ten heavenly stems, Table IV.22)

indicates late Middle Chinese from around the time of the Mongol Empire (Pulleyblank

1971: 138).

Contents

8
INTRODUCTION

Given that a “Part Four” is explicit in the text, the manuscript appears to be

composed in five segments. This likely follows a numerological prescription as sources such

as the Kâlacakra are also so divided (KOT 18). First of these is an epistemology. It begins

with an invocation to Mañjuúrî, the patron of astrologers and all that pertains to knowledge.

In his iconography Mañjuúrî holds a book in one hand and a sword in the other (Waddell

1978: 12, passim). Subjects mentioned include the relationship of the genre to the tradition

at large, Buddhism, key sources in the transmission of the teaching, and various methods for

reckoning time. In providing the theoretical foundation upon which the remainder of the text

is based, this section is qualitatively different from the rest of the text. In Mongolian the

dichotomy between theory and practice falls under the rubric of ar(-a bilig, “skillful means

and wisdom” (S. upâya-prajña), the two qualities possessed by the Buddha and symbolized

by the sword and book in the iconography of Mañjuúrî. These complementary forces are also

known as yin and yang, the male and female principals of the Chinese. Though individually

static, through their union lies accomplishment.

The second part is a calendar. It gives both a written description of the quality of

each month together with a matrix of 30 days. Days are given by a) a number, b) an

indication of the horoscope (ascendant, full, weak, or declining), c) a nakshatra (M.

na(šidar, one of the 28 Indian asterisms) d) a term from the Buddhist Twelve Stages of

Dependent Origination, e) a direction, and f) a drawn symbol; g) sometimes the unknown

term yilig appears as well. This section begins with a table that gives the months and hours

in sixty unit cycles over five years and five days respectively according to the Uygur tradition

9
INTRODUCTION

used during the Mongol Empire. It ends with a key to the meaning of the various drawn

symbols. For example, the image of the èindamani or wish-fulfilling jewel indicates a day

in which one finds good fortune. The image of a razor (M. tong(ori() indicates the day the

fierce deity, Mahâkâla, descends. This section is 12 folios.

The third part concerns the celestial influences. It begins with a table that lists each

of the twenty-eight Hindu nakshatra asterisms or lunar mansions, its element among the four

elements, earth, air, fire or water, its planet, sun, moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, or

Saturn, and then the element of each of these seven planets (M. (ara(; S. graha).7 The

reason for these correspondences of stars and planets with their respective elements is to

forecast the good and bad auspices of their coincidences. This table is then followed by

individual descriptions of each of the seven planets and then a similar description of each of

the twenty-eight Hindu nakshatra or asterisms. In these descriptions each planet and star is

associated with one of the five elements: wood, earth, fire, water and metal, showing an

abrupt juxtaposition of two different astrological systems, the former of Indian, the latter of

Chinese origin. The quality of each influence is given together with various good or bad

auspices. It is ten folios.

Part Four concerns the day. There are two cycles of twelve days. One is of the

famous twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac. The other is a more obscure cycle known as

the Twelve Lords (M. arban qoyar e¯in). Various auspices are given for each day. For

7
For the Mongolian term, see Lessing, 387 under gra(; for the Sanskrit, see MW,
372.

10
INTRODUCTION

example, "On the Day of the dragon, if one preaches the dharma, it is good." The section

begins with an interesting astrological sub-genre attributed to Indian astrology, a tale or

dialogue between a ruler and the goddess Vima, daughter of heaven. In their dialogue the

ruler interrogates the goddess about the order of the universe, and the goddess answers. This

section altogether is six folios.

The fifth part is a long section is of approximately one-hundred eight topics. These

concern good or bad occasions for various activities and the times when certain supernatural

influences descend. This section is 24 folios. The topic headings are as follows:

I.1 Topic Headings

# BASA NIGEN EKETÜ ITEMS

1. basa nigen eketü qota bal(asun A good day to build a citadel
bariqu sayin edür kemebesü 37r
2. süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin A good day to build a monastery or home
edür kemebesü 37r

3. süm-e keyid ba nom burqan A good day to bless a monastery,

šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin
edür kemebesü 37v
4. basa süm-e keyid ba subur(-a
burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui
rabnas keyiküi sayin edür
kemebesü 37v
5. na(šidar-un sayin inu 37v
6. basa gara( odun-u sayin inu 38r
scripture, or Buddha image
Also, as for a good day to bless a temple
or monastery, stupa, burqan or scripture,
or to make a consecration [for these
things]
As for a good nakshatra
Also as for a good planet

11
INTRODUCTION
7. basa nigen eketü saran-lu(-a edür
qamtudu(san-iyar naiman
ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an inu 38r
8. basa nigen eketü Mahašuvari tngri
kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman
ayima(-ud<-ud> terigüten-iyer
küriyelegül¯ü qamu( amitan-u
nasun to(olan tengse¯ü èi(ulqui-
dur inu 38r
9. basa nigen eketü naiman ayima(-
un-ud [=ayima(-ud-un] qariqui
inu 39r
10. basa nigen eketü sara-lu(-a edür
qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un
èi(ulqu edür kemebesü 39r
11. luus-un qad-un qariqui edür anu
39v
12. basa nigen eketü saran-lu(-a edür
qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un
ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling
do(šin inu 39v
13. basa sarayin qo(osun anu 40r
14. basa nigen eketü baling do(šin
qami(-a sa(uqu 41r
15. basa nigen eketü ¯il kiged sar-a
edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u
bièisügei 41r
16. basa nigen ekitü arban qoyar
sarayin qara inu 41r
17. ede qara saras-un dörben terigün
sarayin terigün-i qara dörben
dumdadu sarayin niru(u-[y]i qara.
dörben eèüs sarayin segül-i qara
bui 41r
12
Another item, as for the congregation of
the eight classes according to the
conjunction of day and month
Another item, concerning Maheúvara and
Amitâbha's convention with the heads of
the eight classes reckoning and probing
the lives of all living beings
Another item, concerning the return of
the eight classes
Another item, as for a day when the
dragon kings will convene according to
the conjunction of day and month
As for the day the dragon kings return
Another item, as for the servant, baling
do(šin, seeking food for the planets by
the conjunction of day and month
Also, As for the empty month
Where baling do(šin dwells
Another item, let me write to distinguish
the black times of a year, month, or day
Another item, as for the black times of
the twelve months
Of these black months, the head of the
four first months is black; the back of the
four middle months is black; and the tail
of the four final months is black
INTRODUCTION
18. basa nigen ekitü öèüken edür
kemebesü 41v
19. basa nigen eketü yeke qara edür
kemebesü 41v
20. basa nigen eketü ügeyiregülügèi
qara edür kemebesü 41v
21. basa èa(-un qara inu 42r
22. basa nigen eketü qara šingpüng-ün
yabudal kemebesü 42r
23. basa nigen eketü èa( kiged
(ayila(daqu üiles anu qara
šingpüng güiküi anu 42r
24. basa nigen eketü ginggang
kemebesü 42v
25. basa nigen eketü tngri šilmus
(adqulduqui edür kemebesü 43r
26. basa nigen eketü ebdegèi qara
qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in
güiküi edür kemebesü 43v
27. basa nigen eketü (uyirinèi-yin (ar
qo(osun qariqu edür kemebesü
43v
28. basa nigen eketü gara(-ud-un
do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v
29. basa nigen eketü. (a¯ar-un e¯in
noqai ideši eriküi edür kemebesü
44r
30. basa nigen eketü. edür-lu(-a
[=edür-lüge] odun qamtudu(san-
iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi
bièisügei 44r
13
Another item, as for a small day
Another item, as for a great black day
Anther item, as for an impoverishing
black day
Also As for the black hours
Another item, as for the affairs of the
black šingpüng
Another item, concerning the hours and
deeds to be avoided pertaining to the
running of the black šingpüng
Another item, as for the ginggang (Tib.
kingkang)
Another item, as for the day the gods and
demons battle
Another item, as for a day when the lords
of the earth who wield an annihilating
black sickle run
Another item, as for a day on which a
mendicant returns empty-handed
Another item, as for [a day when] the
fearsome ones of the planets look for
food
Another item, as for a day when the dog
of the lord of the earth looks for food
Another item, let me write the good and
bad [auspices] for the occasions brought
forth by the union of days and stars
INTRODUCTION
31 basa nigen eketü. edür-lu(-a
[=edür-lüge] qamtuddu(san-iyar
tüleküy-yin uèaral boluyu 44v
32. basa nigen eketü. odun na(šidar
qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an
rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v
33. basa nigen eketü odun na(šidar
qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an öl¯i
qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui
44v
34. basa nigen eketü. odun na(šidar
qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u
uèaral bolumui 45r
35. basa nigen eketü odun na(šidar
qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-
iyar bolumui 45r
36. basa nigen eketü. odun na(šidar
qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un
dolo(an edür bolumui 45r
37. basa nigen eketü šim[n]us-un
ila(u(san dolo(an edür inu 45r
38. basa nigen eketü. odun na(šidar
qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben
maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral
Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar
¯okiyasu(ai 45r-45v
39. basa nigen eketü odun ¯il
qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u
uèiral-<y>i il(a¯u bièisügei 46r
40. basa nigen eketü na(šidar-lu(-a
arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin
ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü anu 46v
41. Maqagala ba(uqu edür anu 46v
14
Another item, there will be occasions for
burning according to the conjunction of
days [and stars]
Another item, there will be an occasion
for the seven ambrosia according to the
conjunction of the stars and nakshatra
Another item, there will be an occasion
for the seven blessings according to the
conjunction of the stars and nakshatra
Another item, there will be a bad
occasion to die according the conjunction
of these stars and nakshatra
Another item, there will be an occasion
for burning according to the conjunction
of these stars and nakshatra
Another item, there will be seven days of
demons according to the conjunction of
these stars and nakshatra
Another item, as for the seven days in
which to conquer šimnus demons
Another item, let the good and bad
occasions of the four elements, according
to the conjunction of stars and nakshatra,
be in keeping with the custom of the
Kâlacakra
Another item, let me write to distinguish
the good and bad coincidences according
to the conjunction of star and year
Another item, as for understanding the
good and bad distinctions [resulting
from] the conjunction of the nakshatra
with the twelve years
As for the day Mahâkâla descends
INTRODUCTION
42. Okin tngri ba(uqu edür kemebesü
46v
43. basa nigen eketü arban qoyar
sarayin èo(tu edür kemebesü 47r
44. basa nigen eketü arban qoyar
sarayin Yang Gung-¯ii kemekü
arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u edür-
<y>i ü¯ekü anu 47r
45. basa nigen eketü aliba sarayin ülü
sedükü edür kemebesü 47v
46. basa nigen eketü arban qoyar
sarayin modun gokimoi kemebesü
48r
47. basa ula(an ša¯a(ai kemekü ma(u
edür inu 48r
48. basa nigen eketü ¯il sar-a
qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un
sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u bièisügei [. .
.] tngri-ner (aši(udaqu edür bui
48r
49. basa [. . .] èidköd (aši(udaqu edür
48r-48v
50. basa mör (arqu edürün sayin
kemebesü 48v
51. basa dörben terigün sarayin Morin
Takiy-a edür ma(u. dörben dumda
sarayin Baras Mo(ai edür ma(u.
dörben eèüs sarayin Qulu(an-a
Üker edür ma(u. Mo(ai edür yerü
ma(u (urban kürdün-dür
ü¯egdeküi 48v
52. basa èireg mordaqu edür
kemebesü 48v
15
As for a day the Goddess (Lhamo)
descends
Another item, as for the glorious days of
the twelve months
Another item, as for knowing the bad day
which was told of by the sages [such as]
Yang Gungyi
Another item, as for the day of any
particular month on which one should
not make plans
Another item, as for the withering day of
the twelve months
Also, as for the bad day known as the
Red Magpie
Another item, let me write in order to
distinguish the good and bad
coincidences according to the
conjunction of the year and month
Also, [. . .] these days are days for èidköd
demons to grieve
Also, as for a good day to set out on a
journey
Also, the Horse and Ram days of the four
initial months are bad. The Tiger and
Snake days of the four middle months
are bad. And the Rat and Ox days of the
four final months are bad. The Snake
day is generally bad. One should consult
the three tables
Also, as for a day to mount a military
campaign
INTRODUCTION
53. basa dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui
edür-ün sayin inu 48v
54. ger-ün qo(osun anu 48v
55. 1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin
11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13
jindamuni. 4 sarayin 11 jindamuni
5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6
sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin
7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27
jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni.
10 sarayin 2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin
17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban
tabun jindamuni 50r
56. qara sarayin ¯asal anu 50v
57. ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun
kemebesü 51r
58. nigen eketü ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg
kemebesü 52r
59. beri-yin dörben šilmus kemebesü
dayiwang tayiqu šitügen eke. lii
külil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i
keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52r
60. basa beri ba(ul(aqu ba okin
bo(tolaqu sayin edür kemebesü
53r
a) yeke sarayin
b) öèüken sarayin
c) öšiyerkü qara edür ginggang
šingpüng güiküi edür ma(u 53r
16
Also, as for a good day to do battle with
an enemy
As for the empty domicile
The 13th of the 1st month is a cintâmani.
The 11th of the 2nd month is a
cintâmani. The 13th of the 3rd month is
a cintâmani. The 11th of the 4th month
is a cintâmani. The 3rd of the 5th month
is a cintâmani. The 1st of the 6th month
is a cintâmani. The 7th of the 7th month
is a cintâmani. The 27th of the 8th
month is a cintâmani. The 22nd of the
9th month is a cintâmani. The 2nd of the
10th month is a cintâmani. The 17th of
the 11th month is a cintâmani. The
fifteenth of the 12th month is a cintâmani
As for a treatment during a black month
As for a good star to bring a bride into
one's household
Another item, as for the direction in
which the bride should be made to
descend
As for a bride's four šimnus demons, it is
necessary to try to consult these, the
Empress Dayiwang, Reliance Mother,
the trigram Li, and the dog of heaven
Also, as for a good day to bring a bride
into one's household or marry off a
daughter
For a large month
For a small month
The malevolent black days, and the days
the ginggang and šingpüng run are bad
INTRODUCTION
61. basa em-e abqu er-e kümün-ü
nasun ü¯egdeküi 53r
62. basa külil-dü ma(u. dayiwang
tayiqu qangpan qongpan šitügen-ü
eke šabšu kiged-ün ¯üg buu yabu.
tngri-yin noqai-yin aman-du buu
ög. köbegün-e ömèi ülü ögküi.
okin-dur in¯i ülü ögküi ma(u edür
inu 53r-53v
63. basa šin-e kümün-i ülü asaraqu ba
gerte ülü oro(ulqu edür kemebesü
53v
64. beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun
ba(uqu ¯üg kemebesü 53v
65. beri (al-du mörgügülkü èa(
kemebesü 53v
66. okin-u mör (arqu edür kemebesü
54r
67. beri mör (arqu ¯üg kemebesü 54r
17
Also, in order to take a wife, the age of
the husband should be known
Also, as for the bad day which is bad for
trigrams, when one should not go in the
direction of the Empress Dayiwang,
Queen Qangpan, the Reliance Mother,
Shabshu, nor give anything in the
direction of the mouth of the dog of
heaven, when one should not give an
inheritance to a son, nor a dowry to a
daughter
Also, as for a day when a concubine
should not be cared for nor allowed into
one’s home,
As for the direction the bride should face
when she dismounts [her horse]
As for the hour to have a bride to
prostrate herself before the fire
As for a day for a girl to set out on a
journey
As for a direction in which a bride
should set out on her journey
INTRODUCTION
68. lii-dür uèira(san beri-yi abubasu
(ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri
bui. ma(u. mo(ai morin ¯iltü beri-
dür ülem¯i ma(u. kun-dur
uèira(san beri bügüde sayin buyan
kešig bari(san beri bui sayin. dan-
dur ucira(san beri kümün-ü yasun
bari(san beri bui dumda sayin.
gen-dür uèira(san beri niru(un-
ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri bui
bügüdedü ma(u. kam-dur
uèira(san beri (ar-ta(an odèu(
bari(san bui bügüde-dü sayin. gin-
dür uèira(san beri oroi-ta(an
Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri
bugüde-dü toli bui jen-dür
uèira(san köl göq-a-bar tata(ci
beri bui yeke sayin. sön-dür
uèira(san beri (arta(an širbegel
bari(san bui. tegünü (artur nigen
širbegel bari(ul¯u ger tergen
arèi(ulbasu sayin. ¯asal ¯asan
¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu ibegel ögküi
abqui gara( odun ¯il saran edür
èa( kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg
bolai 54r-54v
69. er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü
anu 54v
18
If one takes a bride who comes under the
li trigram, she is a bride who holds a
sickle in her hand. It is bad. It is
especially bad for the bride with a Snake
or Horse year. The bride who comes
under kun is a bride who holds
everything good and fortunate. She is
good. The bride who comes under dui is
a bride who holds a human skeleton. She
is moderately good. The bride who
comes under gen is a bride who carries a
sack on her back. She is bad for
everything. The bride who comes under
kan is one who holds the hearth (odèu()
in her hands. She is good for everything.
The bride who comes under qian is a
bride who holds a Chinese sickle on her
forehead. She is a mirror to all things.
The one who comes under zhen is a bride
who pulls the leg with a hook. She is
very good. The bride who comes under
sun is one who holds a braid casing in
her hand. If one has her clean the house
and cart holding a braid casing in her
hand, it is good. One needs to try to
understand the planet, star, year, month,
day and hour in which the making of a
treatment suits or does not suit, in which
protection is given or received.
As for knowing the protection under
which a husband and wife are united
INTRODUCTION
70. qoyar qulu(an-a ¯iltü er-e em-e
bolbasu köbegün olan bolqu sayin.
qoyar üker ¯iltü uru( èuqa( bayan
sayin. qoyar baras ¯iltü uru( cögen
bayan sayin. qoyar taulai ¯iltü
köbegün olan bayan sayin. qoyar
luu ¯iltü uru( èögen ügegüü bui.
qoyar mo(ai ¯iltü köbegün olan
bayan sayin. qoyar morin ¯iltü
köbegün olan bayan sayin qoyar
qonin ¯iltü uru( olan bayan sayin.
qoyar beèin ¯iltü köbegün olan
bayan sayin. qoyar takiy-a ¯iltü
köbegün uru( èuqa( bolu(ad
keregürèi ma(u. qoyar noqai ¯iltü
köbegün èögen keregürèi ma(u.
qoyar (aqai ¯iltü köbegün olan
bayan sayin bui 54v
19
If two people with Rat years become
husband and wife, sons will be many. It
is good. For two Ox years, relatives by
marriage will be scarce and rich. It is
good. For two Tiger years relatives by
marriage will be few and rich. It is good.
For two Hare years sons will be many
and rich. It is good. For two Dragon
years relatives by marriage will be few
and poor. For two Snake years sons will
be many and rich. It is good. For two
Horse years sons will be many and rich.
It is good. For two Ram years relatives
by marriage will be numerous and rich.
It is good. For two Monkey years sons
will be numerous and rich. It is good.
For two Cock years sons and relatives by
marriage will be scarce and moreover
they will be quarrelsome. It is bad. For
two Dog years sons will be few and they
will be quarrelsome. it is bad. For two
Pig years sons will be many and rich. It
is good
INTRODUCTION
71. basa qulu(an-a ¯iltü okin-i taulai
¯iltüdü buu ög. üker ¯iltü okin-i luu
¯iltü-dü buu ög. baras ¯iltü okin-i
mo(ai ¯iltü-dü buu ög. taulai ¯iltü
okin-i morin ¯iltü-dü buu ög. luu
¯iltü okin-i qonin ¯iltü-dü buu ög.
mo(ai ¯iltü okin-i beèin ¯iltü-dü
buu ög. morin ¯iltü okin-i takiy-a
¯iltü-dü buu ög. qonin ¯iltü okin-i
noqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög. beèin ¯iltü
okin-i (aqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög. takiy-
a ¯iltü okin-i qulu(an-a ¯iltü-dü
buu ög. noqai ¯iltü-yi ükertü buu
ög. (aqai ¯iltü-yi baras ¯iltüdü buu
ög 54v
72. basa nigen eketü tngri (a¯ar-un on
sara edür èa( möèe. odun gara(
ede bügüde-yin e¯in inu tngri-yin
qara noqai ba(umu. ya(un-u tula
kemebesü 55r
73. ¯il-ün tayisui kemebesü 55v
74. basa tariyan tariqu sayin edür
kemebesü 55v
75. basa debel qubèasun eskeküi
edürün sayin 55v
76. basa debel eskeküi inu 55v
77. basa nigen-e eketü debel emüskü
sayin edür kemebesü 56r
78. basa em neyilegülküi sayin edür
kemebesü 56r
20
Also, do not give a daughter with a Rat
year to one with a Hare year. Do not
give a daughter with an Ox year to one
with a Dragon year. Do not give a
daughter with a Tiger year to one with a
Snake year. Do not give a daughter with
a Hare year to one with a Horse year. Do
not give a daughter with a Dragon year to
one with a Ram year. Do not give a
daughter with a Snake year to one with a
Monkey year. Do not give a daughter
with a Horse year to one with a Cock
year. Do not give a daughter with a Ram
year to one with a Dog year. Do not give
a daughter with a Monkey year to one
with a Pig year. Do not give a daughter
with a Cock year to one with a Rat year.
Do not give someone with a Dog year to
one with an Ox year. Do not give
someone with a Pig year to one with a
Tiger year.
Another item, as for why the black dog
of heaven, who is the heaven and earthly
master of the years, months, days, hours,
quarter-hours, stars, and planets, will
descend
As for the year [star], Tayisui
Also, as for a good day to plant a crop
Also, as for a good day to tailor a robe or
clothing
Also, as for tailoring a robe
Another item, as for a good day to wear a
robe
Also, as for a good day to mix medicine
INTRODUCTION

79. Taulai Takiy-a edür em ögkü-dür The Hare and Cock days are good for
sayin. Mo(ai ma(u. Mul odun ba giving medicine. The Snake is bad. The
dörben-e ma(u 56r Mûla star or the fourth is bad
80. basa bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba Also, as for a good day to teach writing
oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün and mathematics or to allow one to
sayin anu. 56v become a lama
81. basa abašig abqu edürün sayin. Also, as for the distinction of good and
ma(u il(al kemebesü 56v bad days to receive a consecration
82. ¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür em On the day the God of Suffering roams
ülü u(uuqu 56v about
83. basa aliba sarayin noqai-dur Also, a prohibition was preached against
ebedèin emleküy-[y]i èigerlegülün treating an illness on the Dog day of any
nomla¯uqui 56v month
84. Qulu(an-a edür 57r Rat day
85. Üker edür 57r Ox day
86. Baras edür 57r Tiger day
87. Taulai edür 57r Hare day
88. Luu edür 57v Dragon day
89. Mo(ai edür 57v Snake day
90. Morin edür 57v Horse day
91. Qonin edür 57v Ram day
92. Beèin edür 58r Monkey day
93. Takiy-a edür 58r Cock day
94. Noqai edür 58r Dog day
95. 'aqai edür 58r Pig day

21
INTRODUCTION
96. basa (a¯ar-un ba(atud-un tere ¯üg
èereg ba negüüdel buu od. okin
beri buu ög. buu ab. mör ba yasun
buu (ar(-a. aliba üiles egün-eèe
¯ayila(daqu bolai. Qulu(an-a
Üker 'aqai (urban ¯ilün (a¯ar-un
ba(atud umar-a. Baras Taulai Luu
(urban ¯il-ün (a¯ar-un ba(atud
doron-a. Mo(ai Morin Qonin ¯il
emün-e. Beèin Takiy-a Noqai ¯il
örön-e bui 58v
97. basa qo(osun qumq-a anu 58v
98. basa (a¯ar-un sünesü anu. 58v
99. basa biyoo kemebesü 58v
100. basa ed bara(daqu kešig ba(uraqu
edür anu 59v
101. basa yeke (arul(-a-u [=(arul(-a-
yin edür] anu 59v
102. tabun qalqala(èi ede kemebesü
60r
103. basa ¯ilün qo(osun anu. 60r
104. nigen sarayin Morin edür šara
quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 Üker. 4 Mori. 5
Mo(ai. 6 Üker. 7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai.
9 Üker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 Üker
60r
105 nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an
quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4
Takiy-a. 5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7
Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10
Takiy-a 11 Baras 12 Qulu(an-a
60r)
22
Also, as a soldier or nomad, do not go in
the direction of the Heroes of the Earth.
Do not give away or receive a daughter
or bride. Do not set out on a journey nor
take out bones. Any kind of act should
be avoided in these [directions]. During
the Rat, Ox, and Pig years the Heroes of
the Earth are in the north. During the
Tiger, Hare, and Dragon years the Heroes
of the Earth are in the east. During the
Snake, Horse, and Ram years they are in
the south. During the Monkey, Cock,
and Dog years they are in the west
Also, as for the Empty pitcher
Also, as for the Spirit of the Earth
Also, as for biao
Also, as for the days when possessions
run out and fortune diminishes
Also, as for a day of great loss
As for the five talismans
Also, as for the empty year
On the Horse day of the first month,
there will be yellow dust; 2nd, Snake;
3rd, Ox; 4th, Horse; 5th, Snake; 6th, Ox;
7th, Horse; 8th, Snake; 9th, Ox; 10th,
Horse; 11th, Snake; 12th, Ox.
On the Cock day of the first month there
will be red dust; 2nd, Tiger; 3rd, Rat;
4th, Cock; 5th, Tiger; 6th, Rat; 7th,
Cock; 8th, Tiger; 9th, Rat; 10th, Cock;
11th, Tiger; 12th, Rat
INTRODUCTION

106. basa nigen eketü suèuli [=saèuli] Another item, as for the day for the
saèuqu esü( [=esüg]¯ula(-un opening of the sprinkling aspersions of
negegemel edür anu. 60v mare's milk ceremony
107. basa nigen ¯üil odun erdem-<y>i Another item, when one counts the
to(olabasu 60v virtues of the asterisms
108. qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i As for classifying the twenty-eight
il(abasu 60v nakshatra
a) öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman there are eight nakshatra in which good
na(šidar bui 60v fortune resides
b) naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü As for personal nakshatra
60v
c) dörben ür-e tasura(san odun As for the four nakshatra which cut off
kemebesü 61r descendants
d) dörben tan odun kemebesü 61r As for the four tan nakshatra (indicating
significance for those of rank, to whom
tan is used as an honorific)
e) dörben belbesün odun kemebesü As for the four widow nakshatra
61r
f) qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i tabun As for classifying the twenty-eight
maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r nakshatra by means of the elements
g) na(šidar-a i¯a(ur obo(-iyar As for classifying the nakshatra by
il(abasu 61r means of their ancestry

Also, throughout the manual tables are given. These are listed here as follows:

I.2 Tables of the Manual

# KÜRDÜN TABLE

23
INTRODUCTION
1. arban qoyar sarayin öngge medekü
kürdün ene bui 7v
2. qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a
dolo(an gara( odun-i
tokiyaldu(ul¯u uèaral-un sayin
ma(u-[y]i üjekü kürdün ene bui
21r
3. baling do(šin qami(-a 40r-40v
4. dörben terigün sarayin mör (arqu
kürdün ene bui 49r
5. dörben dumdadu sarayin mör
(arqu kürdün ene bui 49r
6. dörben eèüs sarayin mör (arqu
kürdün ene bui 49r
7. aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i
tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün 49v
8. Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san
aliba sarayin mör(arqu edür-ün
sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün bui
49v
9. tabun dagini-yin mör (arqu edür-
<y>i ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi
49v
10. arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu
¯üg-ünsayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün
ene bui 50r
11. arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu
¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50r
12. arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin
ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v
24
Table to Know the Forms of the Twelve
Months
Here is the Table in which, by conjunction
of the twenty-eight lunar mansions with
the seven planet stars, the good and bad
auspices of their meeting will be seen
Where the baling do(šin dwells
This is the Table For Setting Out on a
Journey During the First Four Months
This is the Table for Setting Out on a
Journey During the Four Middle Months
This is the Table for Setting Out on a
Journey During the Four Final Months
See This Table of the Heavens for the Day
To Set Out on a Journey During Any
Month
This is the Table For Knowing the Good
and Bad Auspices Of the Days to Set Out
on a Journey During Any Month As it was
Preached by the Master, Nagarjuna
The Days For Setting Out on a Journey of
the Five D{âkinîs Are Seen in This Table
This is the Table to See the Good and Bad
Directions For Setting Out on a Journey
During the Twelve Days
The Table to See the Good Directions For
Setting Out On a Journey During the
Twelve Hours
Table to See the Good and Bad Auspices
of the Twelve Days and Hours
INTRODUCTION
13. dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu
¯üg-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü
kürdün 50v
14. nigen ¯üil okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-
yi ü¯ekü kürdün bui egüni sayitur
tokiyaldu(ul¯u medegdeküi 51r
15. yeke sara bögesü kürgen-eèe ¯öb
to(ala. ba(-a sara bögesü
ba(uray-aèa buru(u to(ola.
(olomta ba(urai nutu( qa(al(-a
sayin bui 51v
16. sara yeke bögesü (olomta-aèa ¯öb
to(ola sara ba(-a bögesü nutu(-
aèa buru(u to(ola. (olomta ger
nutu( mör ede sayin bui 51v
17. sara yeke bögesü kürgen-eèe ¯öb
to(olan. sara ba(-a bögesü okin-
aèa buru(u to(ola nutu( ger
(olomta degüü ede sayin bui 51v
18. sara yeke bögesü er-e-eèe ¯öb
to(ola sara ba(-a bögesü em-e-eèe
buru(u to(ola 51v
19. beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un
uèaral ene bui 52r
20. ¯il-ün öngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi
ü¯ikü kürdün ene bui 52r
25
Table to See the Good and Bad Directions
For Setting Off on a Journey During the
Seven Gara( Stars
One item, here is the table to know the
month in which to marry off a daughter.
One should understand this and rectify it
well
If it is a great month count clockwise from
son-in-law. If it is a small month count
counterclockwise from foundation.
Hearth, foundation, place of residence, and
door are good
If it is a great month count in the right
direction from hearth. If it is a small
month count in the wrong direction from
place of residence. These are good:
hearth, home, place of residence, and path
If it is a great month count in the right
direction from son-in-law. If it is a small
month count in the wrong direction from
daughter. These are good: place of
residence, home, hearth, and younger
sibling
If the month is great, count in the right
direction from man. If the month is small,
count in the wrong direction from woman
Here are the Conjunctions of Stars and
Nakshatra For Not-Taking a Bride
This is the Table to See When to Take a
Bride According to the Nature of the Years
INTRODUCTION
21. tngri-yin noqai-yin kürdün egüni
sara yeke bögesü kü¯ügün-eèe ¯öb
to(ola. sara ba(-a bögesü buru(u
to(ola. kü¯ügün-dür dumda sayin.
nidün-dür ür-e sadun delgereged
ülem¯i ¯ir(alang-du bolumui
aman-dur ür-e ügei bolu(ad üge
da(un bolqu qo(olai-dur qadam
eke-de ma(u. ¯irüken-e mašida
¯ir(aqu. ni(uèa-dur ür-e ügei
bolqu. borbin-dur okin-da(an
qarši. segül-dür köbegün olan
bolqu. küisün-e ürgül¯ide ¯okistai
¯ir(aqu. tašiyan-dur ¯okis-tu bolqu.
niru(un-dur ür-e tasuraqu. dalun-
dur maši sayin bolumui 52v
22. er-e sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola
em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u.
aman-tur üge da(un uèaram.
eregün-dür dumda sayin.
enggelegür sayin. qan-dur maši
sayin. kebili-dür köbegün olan.
köl-dür ma(u. segül-tür okin olan.
nira(un-dur ür-e tasuram ge¯ige-
dür meküs dumda. èiken-dür èiken
terigün ülü tegüsüm. qabar-tur qar-
a mör-dü bolunam. nidün-dür
nidün metü qoyar sayiqan köbegün
törömüi 52v
23. ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu
52v
26
This is the table of the Dog of Heaven. If
the month is great count in the right
direction from neck. If the month is small
count in the wrong direction. On the neck
it is moderately good. On the eyes
descendants and relations having greatly
flourished one will be abundantly happy.
On the mouth, having been no
descendants, there will be quarreling. On
the throat it is bad for the mother-in-law.
On the heart one will be extremely happy.
On the genitals there will be no
descendants. On the achilles tendon there
will be obstacles for one's own daughter.
One the tail sons will be many. On the
navel one will be continuously and
agreeably happy. On the hip it will be
agreeable. On the back descendants will
be cut off. On the scapula it will be
extremely good
In a masculine month count in the right
direction from mouth. In a feminine
month count in the wrong direction from
tail. On the mouth one will meet with a
quarrel. On the jaw it is moderately good.
The breast is good. On the thigh is
extremely good. On the belly sons will be
many. On the leg it is bad. On the tail
daughters will be many. On the back
descendants will be cut off. On the nape of
the neck it is mediocre [meküs dumda].
On the ears the ears and head are not
perfect. On the nose one will encounter a
black journey. On the eyes two beautiful
sons who are like the eyes will be born
These are the years of the girl. They
should be rectified.
INTRODUCTION

24. na(šidar-un ner-e//na(šidar-<y>i Names of the Nakshatra//These are the

e¯ilekü-yin ner-e ene
bui//qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai
59r
25. qa(aèiltu dörben edür anu//qabur
namurun qu(us¯un ebülün tüil-ün
edür bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i
èigerle 59r
26. na(šidar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a
bui düri ba maqabud ene bui 59v
27. küèün kürgen sögödkü kürdün ene
bui 60r
names of those [stars] which indicate the
nakshatra//The head of their protective
animal
As for the four days which separate//These
are the days of the middle of spring and
fall [the equinoxes] and the end of summer
and winter [the solstices]. Abstain from
any kind of good deed.
Nakshatra names, number of stars, figure
and element
This is the table in which the powerful son-
in-law kneels down

Provenance

As is obvious from the description of the nakshatra and planets, the manual does not

follow any one particular astrological system consistently throughout. While in general it

either combines or simply juxtaposes both Indian and Chinese systems, these are derived

from a wide range of sources. Citations given in the manual are to the following:

I.3 References/Sources

1. Abidarm-a – [S. Abhidharma; Tib. chos mngon Mong. ayima( saba (Lessing, 1159)];

name of the third section of the Buddhist basic scriptures, constituting a systematization of

the Buddhist scriptures (2v).

27
INTRODUCTION

2. Altan gerel – the Suvarnaprabhâsa-sûtra; Altan gerel ungši 42v.

3. arvis tarni – [S. vidyâ d}h~ran§]; sacred spell; magic spell (25v [Lessing, 1161; MSD,

35;]).

4. Ayuši-yin nom – the dharma of Ayushi; Aparimitâyurjñânasûtra (45v [MSD, 45;

Pozdneyev 1978: 636; Ligeti 1944: 91-92]).

5. Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün – ?the tantra of Vajrad}~kin§.

6. Bandida Šinq-a Sari – [=Bandida Sim}ha Sali] ?personal name, quoted (1v).

7. Èa(-un kürdün – [S. kâlacakra]; wheel of time; this is the Kâlacakratantra, the main

source of Tibetan mathematics and time reckoning (1v, 2r, 3r, 3r, 11r, 45r).

8. Dülb-a – [Tib. dul-ba]; the Vinaya section of the Kanjur (3v [see Pozdneyev 1978: 677]).

9. Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün – the Úri-cakrasamvara-tantarâja (2v [cf. Ligeti 1944: 19;

KOT, 13]).

10. ®irüken tarni – the Heart d}h~rani (25v [cf. Pozdneyev, 427, 616]).

11. Keriy-e-yin ündüsün – the Crow Tantra (56v).

12. Lii du ting sang – ?a Chinese astrological text (2v).

13. Manjušari-[yin] ündüsün – The Mañjuúrîmûlatantra (2r).

14. Maq-a maya[-yin] ündüsün – The Mahâmâyatantra-nâma (1v [Newman 1987: 402]).

15. Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin sudur – Mûlamadhyamakakârikâ (3r).

16. Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur The heart of the sun sutra; S. Sûryagarbhasûtra (2v [cf.

MSD, 310; Ligeti (1944): 272; Mongolian Kanjur, vol. 82, folio 125v-313v, p. 250-626]).

28
INTRODUCTION

17. Ükügsed-ün nom ?the book of the dead (60v). The reference is likely to a funerary

text. See the term ükügsed, a plural form of ükügsen (that which has died), in the Altan Saba

(Golden vessel [Krueger 1965: 232, passim; Sárközi 1989: 320]).

Of these references, those stated in the manual’s introduction as sources for its

composition are:

1. The Chinese sutra, ?Lii-du ting sang. Although the reference is unknown to this author,

it is cited as the source designating the Maghâ month as the Tiger month, the first month of

spring. As this came with the reconciliation of the Chinese and Tibetan calendars carried out

by ‘Phags-pa lama under Qubilai in 1268, this text is no earlier than the 13th century.

2. Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur (The heart of the sun sutra [2v]). The manual states that the

nakshatra were composed “by integrating that which is in keeping with the custom of the

Chinese astrologers together with the Naran-u jirüken neretü sudur, which was preached by

the Buddha”(2v). The original Sanskrit text, the Sûryagarbhasûtra, which belongs to the

cycle of Mahâsam}nip~ta sutras, was translated into Chinese in the middle of the 6th century

CE (Nattier 1992: 171-172). The Mongolian translation is found in the Mongol Kanjur, vol.

82, no. 1014, 125v-313v (Ligeti, 1944: 272). The treatment of the nakshatra covers pages

509 to 547. Here much is similar to that found in the manual, but nothing exactly the same.

For instance there is an interrogative section or dialogue which includes a certain tngri-yin

ökin (Kanjur, vol. 82, p. 509); The interlocutor in the corresponding section in the manual

29
INTRODUCTION

is also tngri-yin okin, Vima (32v). The nature of the heavens described in these accounts is

considerably different, however, as are the qualities of the nakshatra, the various clans

(obo() listed, and the assignation of the nakshatra in the calendar. For instance in the Heart

of the Sun Sutra the nakshatra of the first day of the last month of autumn is Rokini (Kanjur,

vol. 82, p. 547). In the manual neither of three monthly systems give Rokini as the first day

of autumn (15v, 16v, 17v).

3. Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün. This source was used to compose the system of Dependent

Origination (šitün barildaqu) according to the custom created by Nâgârjuna (2v); and the

celebration of New Year on the sixteenth day of the Mr}gaÑir~ month at the time of the

winter solstice (3r).

4. Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün. New Year is also celebrated at this time in the tantra of

Vajrad}~kin§ (3r).

5. Èa(-un kürdün. According to the Kâlacakra New Year is celebrated in the Citrâ month,

the middle of spring (3r). This source is also cited for one of the ways to insert an intercalary

month and for designating the length of the months, either 29 or 30 days (3r-3v).

6. Dülb-a. The Vinaya section of the Kanjur is cited regarding a second intercalary system

and the measurement of time by clepsydra (3v).

7. The tenets of Nâgârjuna are cited for the method of cutting days out of the calendar (3v-

4r).

30
INTRODUCTION

Although it is not always easy to correlate the source information with that which is

found in the manual, because its language is highly specialized and repetitive with various

omen conditions recurring under new circumstances, successive stars, planets and so on, one

can see signs of the text being stitched together from different sources in changes of both

vocabulary and customs. The introduction cites both Indian and Chinese methods of marking

the New Year, measuring time and so on (1v-7r). The calendrical section which follows next

is based on Chinese methods. The calendar matrix, i.e., the tables of years and hours, are

based on the Chinese system of ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly branches, modified

according to the Uygur system (7v). As for the almanac in part two, though showing a mix

of Chinese, Indian and perhaps even Uygur elements, the manual itself states that it was

composed according to Chinese custom (2v). This is clear in that the first day of the week,

which elsewhere in the manual begins according to Indian tradition on Sunday, here begins

on Saturday, a Chinese method in which the beginning of the Tiger, Horse, and Dog months

begin under the influence of Saturn (2v, 8r-19v). As mentioned, the table listing the Indian

nakshatra and the planets according to their respective elements uses the four element system

commonly found in Indian sources (21r-21v). The descriptions of the planets and nakshatra

that follow, however, use the Chinese system of five elements (21v-32r). In the interrogative

section of the text, one finds a number of specifically Indian terms, sadhu “good,” galab

“kalpa,” gara( (S. graha) “planet,” and so on. Then, with the beginning of part four (34r)

and the description of the Chinese systems, the twelve animals and the twelve lords, comes

new terminology, previously not found in the text, e.g.: iro-a “omen,” šilige “splinter,”

31
INTRODUCTION

bošu( “prophecy,” nutu( “native land,” as well as new omen conditions, such as (a¯ar

köndebesü “if one disturbs the ground” and aman aldabasu “if one takes an oath.” The

manual itself states the years, eight classes (naiman ayima(), lords of land and water ((a¯ar

usun-u e¯id), when they assemble and disperse, where they reside and so forth, were all

composed according to the custom of the Chinese astrologers (2v). The most striking change

in terminology comes after the mention of The Crow tantra (Mong. Keriy-e-yin ündüsün) in

folio 56 verso. Here appear a number of new auspices found frequently in Chinese sources,

e.g., keriy-e kegübesü “if a crow caws,” keriy-e ba ša(a¯a(ai: kegübesü “if a crow or magpie

calls,” noqai kegübesü “if a dog barks,” qulu(an-a qa¯abasu “if a mouse bites,” debel

tülebesü “if one burns a robe,” üsün kir(abasu “if one cuts one’s hair,” kimusu ta(aribasu

“if one trims one’s fingernails,” nayitabasu “if one sneezes,” ¯oèid irekü “visitors will come.”

The closing section of the text is also notable for both its distinctive terminology and the

addition of a fifth and final classification of the nakshatra (60v-61v).

From this description of the manual’s disparate features, one is apt to consider the

text not as a representative work in the genre but as the anomalous composite of an editor.

However, while the text is certainly composite, it is by no means unusual. In comparing the

manual with other sources in this genre one finds that archaic elements, variant spellings,

grammatical forms, multiple methods and opposing traditions are not incidental, but

common. For instance, concerning the presence of preclassical forms, G. Kara in his article

“Zu den mittelmongoliscen Kalenderausdrücken” notes that while it is not astonishing that

many terms in the later calendars differ from the older ones because the earlier tradition of

32
INTRODUCTION

Sino-Mongolian calendars was broken with the fall of the Yuan dynasty, it is remarkable that

in the divinatory part of the official imperial calendars one finds the fortunate or unfortunate

days also include old phrases, which coincide with Middle Mongolian (Kara 1984: 349-350).

Regarding multiplicity of methods, one finds them even in the most important sources of

Tibeto-Mongolian mathematics, the Kâlacakra tantra and the Vaidûrya dKar-po “The White

Beryl” written 1683-1685 by Sang rgyas rGya-mtsho (1653-1705). In the latter, for instance,

one finds nakshatra systems of both 27 and 28 asterisms, an eight day week as well as the

seven day week, forms of the duodenary animal cycle that begin either with the rat or tiger,

and so on (TEDP passim). And as for the juxtaposition of Indian and Chinese methods, this

is expressly stated in sources on Tibetan mathematics to be an integral part of the genre, in

which the “white” mathematics of India versus the “black” mathematics of China represent

a form of yin and yang (Cornu 1997: 21-23).

With this caveat the unique qualities of the manual may be examined. Extraordinary

in many ways, first, it is lengthy, intact, very legible, and holds a wealth of mathematical

terms and concepts. Second, and perhaps most important, the existence of an introduction,

rare indeed for this genre, helps to explain how calendrical systems, practical divination

methods, magic, medicine, ritual practices and the like belong within the greater Buddhist

tradition. As such, the manual is not merely a source for various calendrical systems or

divination methods as one finds isolated here and there, but an excellent source of the genre.

Often referred to as “astrology,” in its day the discipline was known not only as “astrology”

but also as “astronomy” and “mathematics,” the latter being perhaps the best translation of

33
INTRODUCTION

the Mongolian appellation, to(-a, which literally means “number.” Now obsolete, this

genre, though seldom if ever studied as a whole, holds great significance for the history and

philosophy of science. Third, although the writing of the text is late, the technology used in

the manual is quite different from and more archaic than that of the Vaidûrya dKar-po

“White Beryl”, a much more elaborate, distinctly Tibetan work, which became the main

source for subsequent mathematical works among the dGe-lugs-pa and remains so today.

Finally, the manual contains a number of distinctly Uygur systems, the presence of which

require some explanation considering that the great majority of works in this genre are

translated either from Tibetan or Chinese (Ligeti 1933: 60).

While the breadth of Uygur influences in the manual will be discussed later, one

example of the Uygur system which helps shed light on the origin of the manual is found in

the sexagenary cycle used in the matrix of the calendar. In the Chinese system from which

the Uygur form derives, abstract Chinese terms define ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly

branches, the combination of which yields sixty terms. In place of the twelve earthly

branches it is common to substitute the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac, rat, hare, tiger,

etc. The Uygur variation on this system comprised combining a transcription of the Chinese

terms of the ten stems with a translation of the terms of the animal cycle, e.g. bing-baras

sara “the bing-tiger month.” This form is attested both in Uygur texts and in the Mongolian

fragments from Turfan (Rachmati 1972: 301, passim; Franke 1964: 33). It was used in the

calendar of the Mongol empire (Cleaves 1951: 56, passim).

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INTRODUCTION

Two important factors underlie the resurgence of this calendar around the 17th

century. The first is that the Mongolian calendar never actually disappeared after the fall of

the Yuan but lived on through the Ming, when it was only superficially altered, and into the

Qing. Throughout the Qing approximately 60 different calendars were used, some only

briefly.8 One of the longest employed was the Mongolian calendar, known as the Èa(-un

medege-yin ¯iruqai, composed by Wang Xun and Guo Shoujing during the Yuan dynasty.

Its name was changed during the Ming time to Qotala yeke ¯iruqai (Ch. datongli) but the

contents were the same. As the most advanced calendar of its day, it was used in China for

over 300 years (TU 3). Besides the calendrical constants, the model for the yearly calendar

distributed throughout the country was set during the Yuan. In particular, it was at some

point during the Yuan dynasty that the day selection tables of popular almanacs, comprised

of the good and bad times for various activities, became a regular and integral part of the

official calendar (Smith, Richard J., 1992: 6; Polo, vol. 1, 1929: 449n). Among the Mongols

the Sino-Uygur calendrical conventions of the imperial Mongolian calendar survived in a

number of late 16th-early 17th century chronicles such as the Altan Tobèi (Bawden 1955: 129;

cf. Elverskog 2005: 166), the Erdeni Tunumal (Elverskog 2003: 155), and the Erdeni-yin

Tobèi (ET II, passim).

8
The appropriate Mongolian term for the calendar was èa(-un dürim-ün ¯iruqai (Ch.
shixianli); however, it was commonly referred to as huangli; and then after 1911 this
traditional calendar was referred to as bilig-ün ularil to distinguish it from the newly adopted
Gregorian calendar (TU 3).

35
INTRODUCTION

The main reason for the resurgence of the Mongolian calendar in the 17th century is

that around this time the Manchu Qing government repealed a longstanding prohibition

against the study or composition of almanacs, a prohibition which had been strictly enforced

during the Ming (TU 4; TEDP 16-17, note 19). In this liberalization the Manchu rulers drew

a sharp distinction between the official calendar and almanacs (Smith, Richard J., 1992: 19).

Whereas almanacs (Ch. tongshu) were subject to few formal restraints (Richard J. Smith,

1992: 19), official Qing calendars were regulated very strictly. The official calendar, known

in Chinese first as shixian li and then after 1736, because of an imperial taboo, as shixian

shu, was published yearly and translated into different languages (Smith, Richard, 1992: 7;

Franke 1964: 8). The Mongolian calendar was made at the Imperial Board of Astronomy in

Beijing where professional Mongolian mathematicians such as Sh. Ming(atu (1685-1770)

did not merely translate it from Chinese but adapted it into the Mongolian tradition and sent

it out via Mongol functionaries (Mönkh-Ochir 2000: 80-82; Porter 1980: 61-76). The

Tibetan calendar, made in Lhasa, differed from that of the Qing, but held special status and

was permitted (Laufer 1913: 591; Smith, Richard, 1991: 75).9 Unauthorized versions of the

official calendar, that is, those that did not carry an official red seal, were considered private

and therefore illegal (Smith, Richard, 1991: 74). The penalty for making illegal copies was

9
Under the Thirteenth Dalai Lama (1895-1933) a new medical college called sMan-
rsis-khang (House of medicine and astronomy) was built in Lhasa by mKhyen-rab Nor-bu
at bsTan-rgyas-glin near the gTsug-lag-khang. The college produced the first official
calendar and sent it every year all over the country. Before there had only been private
calendars (Rechung 1973: 23).

36
INTRODUCTION

severe. The title page to the astronomical tables of F. Verbiest (Mong. Orèilang-un ma(ad

to(a) published in 1680 states that anyone who copies the text is to be put to death by

beheading, while the one who catches and chains the guilty is to be rewarded 50 pieces of

silver (Heissig 1971: 183-184).

Liberalization of the almanac gave rise to a host of new works, many of which

included the terms, divination methods and calendrical systems of the old Mongolian

calendar. This influx of handbooks on divination and astrology is evident from a survey of

the catalogues of the various collections of Mongolian manuscripts held throughout the

world. Of these, W. Heissig’s catalogue of the collection of the Royal Library of

Copenhagen is especially helpful in explicating something of the manual’s origins. MONG.

511 of that collection is another version of the manual (Heissig 1971: 178-180). From the

excellent description of the text by Heissig, assisted by Charles R. Bawden, it is clear that

Mostaert’s manual and this are almost identical, going so far as to include the same variable

spellings. For instance in their prognostication for Sunday (Mong. Naran odun), both use

the same dialectal variations, mordo-/morda-, as follows, “èireg mordobasu naran ur(uqui

èa(-tur morda” (if one sets out on a military campaign, set out at sunrise [21v]). The

difference between the two is that MONG 511 is not an Ordos text, and so, whereas in

Mostaert’s manual one finds typical Ordos forms such as okin “maiden,” and (adquldu- “to

do battle,” here one finds the standard classical Mongolian forms ökin and qadquldu (32r,

35v). Bawden, who examined this particular text for Heissig, does not mention the

37
INTRODUCTION

orthography of MONG 511 nor has this author seen the manuscript but surmises that, like

Mostaert’s, it too is relatively late.10

These two texts are similar, with sections verbatim, others nearly so to another

manuscript in the Copenhagen collection, MONG 326 (Heissig 1971: 185-187). The text is

incomplete. In comparison with Mostaert’s manual it is missing a number of sections

including the introduction, the matrix of the sexagenary cycle, and the twelve lords. It

contains material not found in Mostaert such as two small sections of the teachings of

Padmasambhava and a section on the “five oxen” (Mong. tabun üker), which apparently refer

to five nations, the Tangut, Tibetans, Indians, Muslims, and Chinese (Heissig 1971: 187).

Also it is out of order. In MONG 326 the twelve animal cycle of days comes after a section

on the symbols and before the seven day week. In Mostaert the twelve animal cycle of days

comes later in the section of twelve days. Some of the series of items (basa nigen ekitü)

come between the description of the planets and nakshatra and the benediction praising the

completion of that section. For this reason it appears as if the editor of MONG 326 has

rearranged the order to some extent. The majority of the text, however, is the same as

Mostaert’s manual both in terms of sequence and content. MONG 326 begins with the

almanac. It contains sections on the seven stars, i.e., the sun, moon and the five planets.

This is followed by the twenty-eight nakshatra; the interrogative section between a ruler and

queen Vima (written in MONG 326 as Bima); and a number of the various items, such as the

10
According to Charles Bawden, it is possible that MONG 511 is simply a photocopy
of Mostaert’s manuscript. If so, the variances cited above, ökin versus okin, etc., must be due
to conventions of transcription (2002: 31).

38
INTRODUCTION

section on the black dog of heaven (tngri-yin qara noqai). All are virtually the same as those

found in Mostaert, with only slight orthographical or grammatical differences. The

description of the twelve animal cycle of days and the meanings of the various symbols

differs between the two texts. It is not an Ordos text. Notable for its absence in MONG 326

are the Uygur elements of the old Mongolian calendar which are found in Mostaert’s manual

and MONG 511. Notable for its presence is a fragmentary text title, ®ula neretü litu buyu

(Heissig 1971: 185). The term litu (Tib. lo tho “calendar, almanac”) indicates that MONG

326 was translated from Tibetan. In Plate 5 of his catalogue, Heissig provides three

photographs of this text (Heissig 1971: xxxvii). From these it is clear that the manuscript

is old, likely 17th century. The orthography indicates this as well.

Besides the Qing liberalization of the almanac and the period of MONG 326, another

17th century point of origin is found in the manual’s composite designation of the month.

Here each month is named according to five distinct traditions, Indian, the Chinese peasant

calendar, the Chinese astronomical calendar, Tibetan and Mongolian, an example of which

is as follows:

According to the Kâlacakrists of India this is the Maghâ month, the final
month of winter. For the peasants it is the middle month of spring. For the
mathematicians of China it is the first month of spring. In Tibet it is the
Tiger month. In Mongolia it is the first month (8r).

This custom of identifying the month in composite fashion according to the designation of

the season is stated by Johan Elverskog to be a 17th century phenomenon, likely begun during

the Qing, and not found in earlier Yuan time sources (Elverskog 2005: 161). The same

manner of designating the months is found in MONG 326 (Heissig 1971: 185) and a 17th

39
INTRODUCTION

century text in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Mong. 33 (Ligeti 1933: 62; Bese 1972:

149-173; Kara 2000: 64, #33).

From this it is possible to reach a general understanding of the manual’s setting. It

appears to be a 19th century copy into Ordos dialect of another relatively late Mongolian text

in standard classical Mongolian, perhaps MONG 511. These texts are based on a 17th

century text, likely in Mongolian, similar to, but not the same as MONG 326. If that 17th

century source was Mongolian, it was, for the most part at least, translated from a Tibetan

source, perhaps from the same source as MONG 326, i.e., the ®ula neretü litu. These Tibetan

sources in turn were based primarily on Chinese traditions. As can be seen from the

comparison of the twelve animal cycle of days in the manual and MONG 326, Mongolian

mathematicians were not simply translating Chinese or Tibetan sources into Mongolian, but

incorporating these sources into uniquely Mongolian texts. As can be seen from the diversity

of variant spellings of Mongolian terms and the intermixing of preclassical and classical

forms within individual segments of the manual, this uniquely Mongolian composition went

beyond simply cutting and pasting whole sections of other texts. Rather, these Mongolian

texts appear to have been sewn together omen by omen. It is possible that the Uygur

elements of the Yuan period Mongolian calendar were preserved separately from Middle

Mongolian sources.

Though these were not necessarily kept in Ordos, this region, home of the Chinggis

Khan Cult, preserves the traditions of that era well. This is attested in the extensive

collections of sources from the area gathered by the likes of Mostaert and the other Jesuits

40
INTRODUCTION

at Boro Balgasun. In his study of the Uygur-Mongolian calendar of the Mongol Empire, L.

Bazin, citing Mostaert’s Dictionaire ordos, points out the remnants of that system in the

popular calendar of Ordos. Some of the examples he notes are first, the designation of the

month according to the season, e.g., the first month of summer, with the solstices and

equinoxes falling, since the adoption of the Chinese custom during the Mongol Empire, in

the middle of the middle month of the season; second, the use of indigenous names of the

months, e.g. qu¯ir sara for the second month; and third, the Uygur method of denoting the

sexagenary cycle, e.g., gi taulai, etc. (Bazin 1991: 389, 393, 395, 400).

While written out in the 19th century, the manual does not follow the main source of

dGel-ug-pa mathematics, the Vaidûrya dKar-po (1683-1685). For one thing, the Vaidûrya

dKar-po deals largely with elemental divination, whereas the emphasis in the manual is on

the omens. The Vaidûrya dKar-po gives divinations of the natal horoscope not found in the

manual (TEDP 140). There are shared subjects in both texts, military, matrimony, and death,

but distinct phraseology (e.g. different types of bride), and distinct methods. The Vaidûrya

dKar-po uses pebble divination, which is not even mentioned in the manual. While trigrams

are used in the manual and the magic square is mentioned, their role is limited at best,

whereas the Vaidûrya dKar-po use of these is extensive and elaborate. In terms of celestial

spirits and demons, there is some shared terminology, but much more that is different. For

instance, the four seasonal constellations, the White Tiger, and so on, are not found in the

Vaidûrya dKar-po, instead, one finds the White Snowlion, and so on. Further, different

technologies are primary in each. In the Vaidûrya dKar-po the eight day week is favored

41
INTRODUCTION

over the seven day week (TEDP 53, 108). There are different systematizations of the

nakshatra (TEDP 53, 110). The Vaidûrya dKar-po also has a different calendar: It gives the

Tiger month as the first month of spring coinciding with the full moon in Mr}gaÑiras. In the

manual the Tiger month is, according to the Kâlacakrists of India, the Maghâ month, the

final month of winter.

Another important source for comparison with the manual are various editions of the

Eldeb keregtü qaš qa(urèa( neretü bièig (The multi-faceted jade box), also from the 19th

century but originated in Mongolian in the 17th century. One of the main editions, translated

in 1895 by Goošige, ¯alan of Alashan banner, is from the Chinese Xuan ze guang yu xia ji

by way of a Tibetan translation of the text made by the Da Bla-ma of Buyan Ündüsülügèi

monastery in 1839 (Poppe et al. 1964: 179-180; Heissig 1971: 166). The Chinese text, said

to be based on Tang sources, was originally translated in 1686 by Lama-yin Gegen

Lubsangdan¯in¯anèan in Ikh Khuree, present day Ulaanbaatar (Mönkh-Ochir 2000: 90).

After its re-translation in the 19th century it became very popular throughout Inner Mongolia

(Heissig 1961: 69, #97; Heissig 1971: 166-170, #234; 170, #127; 171, #275 and #279).

These various editions of The Jade Box do not correspond with each other, but again, show

the reworking of earlier sources into distinct composite texts (Heissig 1971: 170-171).

Though sharing a number of similarities with the manual, they feature different methods,

such as coin divination, physiognomy, weather divination, different star spirits, omens and

so on, from the great pool of Chinese divination practices.

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INTRODUCTION

II. Influences

The one uniquely Mongolian method in the manual involves the Mongolian

designation of the months. This designation, known in Tibetan as hor-zla (the Mongolian

month), is part of a synchronization of the Tibetan and Chinese calendars carried out under

Qubilai Khan by ‘Phags-pa lama in 1268 (Schuh 1973: 5-7). In this reconciliation the epoch

was established according to Chinese tradition as the first month of the Wood Mouse Year,

1264. With this the first year of the Tibetan sexagenary cycle (rab-‘yung) fell on the fourth

year of the Chinese cycle (Berzin 1987: 23). New Year was also fixed according to Chinese

custom at the beginning of the Maghâ month, roughly corresponding to February, a month

and a half, approximately 45 days, from the vernal equinox, instead of at the Citrâ month,

as is followed in India. However, the name of the month according to the twelve animals

would retain its order. Hence instead of the Rat, the first month of the year became the Tiger

(Schuh 1973: 5).

Otherwise the manual is comprised exclusively of foreign elements. The Mongols’

syncretistic approach goes beyond mere ad hoc borrowing. It was a known tradition

throughout Eurasia and an especially common feature not only of Mongolian mathematics

but that of the Uygur, Turks, and Tibetans as well. The philosophy is also known among

their Indian and Chinese counterparts, who, nonetheless, tended to modify foreign influences

into their own systems. Because of this syncretistic approach, the uniquely Mongolian aspect

within the greater tradition of Buddhist mathematics appears subtle, but even so, does exist

43
INTRODUCTION

and should not be overlooked. Examples of Mongolian adaptations of the Buddhist tradition

as seen in the works of Mongolian mathematicians such as Sumba Khamba Išibal¯ur (1704-

1788) have been highlighted by present-day Mongolian historians of Mongolian mathematics

such as L. Terbish and D. Mönkh-Ochir (Mönkh-Ochir 2000: 83-84). Still, Mongolian

mathematicians neither created mythical origins for Mongolian mathematics nor significantly

altered the mathematical heritage in order to "nationalize" it. Their main emphasis was the

translation of texts into Mongolian. As such Mongolian historians give special consideration

to those such as Zaya Pandita Namkhaijamtsu (1599-1662) and Janggiya Khutugtu

Rolbidorji (1727-1786) whose contributions to Mongolian mathematics were primarily in

the way of translation (Mönkh-Ochir 2000: 79, 86-7).

While this truly catholic tradition shows deference to the universal, it comes at some

expense, for it almost totally effaces the institution of Mongolian mathematics. One sees the

cost of syncretism in the case of the Scythian Sakas who ruled the intersection of the Silk

Road during the first century AD. They are a people whose history is lost not necessarily due

to lack of evidence, but due to the fact that what evidence there is tells nothing about them

(Frye, Richard 1996: 134). In his article “Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran,” David

Pingree comments that, as opposed to the Indians, the Iranian Sasanids did very little to alter

the Greek and Babylonian works they received, except to translate them. It is the tenor of

his article that this lack of originality discredits the Sasanids, while the Indian innovations

are commendable (Pingree 1963: 229). In the case of the Mongols, often and roundly

criticized for their role as destroyers of science and learning, their syncretistic approach to

44
INTRODUCTION

mathematics has meant that their role in the promotion of science and learning has all too

often gone unnoticed (Schafer 1977: 10). This is most unfortunate, for that role is significant

and came at pivotal time in world history.

As the Mongols established the Yuan dynasty and extended their empire throughout

Asia, they changed imperial calendars in every nation under their reign. As we have seen,

‘Phags-pa lama, on behalf of Qubilai Khan, convinced the Buddhist hierarchy to adopt the

beginning of the Maghâ moon as the New Year. With the establishment of the Mongol

dynasty in Baghdad in 1258, the Ilkhan, Hülegü, restructured the social order by replacing

the Muslim hijrî calendar for purposes of civil administration with their own, though the hijrî

calendar continued to be used alongside of it as the religious calendar. Under the new

Chinese-based system the day started at midnight, whereas the Muslim day starts at sunset.

Instead of celebrating the New Year at the time of the vernal equinox, which was the

traditional custom of the Persians, Turks, and Arabs, under Hülegü it was celebrated

approximately six weeks before the spring equinox in keeping with the Chinese New Year,

in which the beginning of the year is marked astronomically by the arrival of the sun at 15

degrees Aquarius. The start of the Chinese lunar month is also calculated. Unlike the

Islamic lunar month, it does not depend on the actual sighting of the new moon and so varied

somewhat from the Islamic lunar month (Melville 1994: 83-93). In China, on the other hand,

the Mongols established a Muslim Astronomy Bureau (Huihui sitian jian) and, along side

that of the Chinese, used an Arabic calendar, first presented to Qubilai khan by Jâmal al-Dîn

45
INTRODUCTION

in 1267, completed by Guo Shoujing in the spring of 1280 and promulgated the following

year (Rybatzki 2003: 260; Ho 1993: 285-286; Smith, Richard, 1991: 44; Giles 1962: 387).

In terms of divination one of the most important advisors to both Chinggis Khan and

Ögedei, the Khitan mathematician Yelü Chucai (1189-1243) advocated syncretism as an

express philosophy (de Rachewiltz 1962: 195). Marco Polo notes that in the capital city of

Khanbaliq or Dadu, present day Beijing, some 5,000 astrologers, Nestorian, Arab, and

Chinese, are provided for by the Khan to practice divination according to their own traditions

(Polo 1929: 446-448). During the Yuan dynasty while few fundamental changes took place

in the theory or practice of divination, Tang-Song techniques of fate calculation, geomancy

and physiogomy, Daoist prayers and rituals, Buddhist incantations and spells, and the

activities of shamans were incorporated into the calendar (Yuanshi, juan 52-55; Palmer 1986:

20; Smith, Richard, 1991: 44).

In terms of astronomy, because mathematics was highly esteemed by the Mongolian

nobility in Persia, Hülegü and his lords patronized it to a degree which tended to bring

Persian mathematics in line with Eastern standards. For the Mongol Khans in Persia, an

inherent conflict between astrology and the Muslim religion did not hinder the development

of Islam's scientific institution. For the sake of a knowledge which would yield them the

advantage of superior predictions, Hülegü and his successors gave extraordinary attention

to the empirical investigation of the heavens (Sayil 1960: 189-223). Indeed Roger Bacon

attributed their success as world conquerors to their devotion to mathematics (Sayil 1960:

367-368).

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INTRODUCTION

In doing so, the Mongol Khans took advantage of technologies in Persia to construct

more elaborate observatories and better astronomical equipment. In Inner Asia Mongke

Khan and later his successor Qubilai, taken by the same aim, invited Muslim astronomers

to bring equipment and build observatories in Mongolia and China. In 1276 two sets of

seven instruments came to China from Persia, one for the capital Daidu and the other for

Pingyangfu (Palmer 1986: 20-22). In the Yuanshi there is a brief description of the

instruments. There it says they were sent (by Hülegü or his successor) to Qubilai through

one of the astronomers at the Marâgha observatory, Jamaluding (Jamâl al-Dîn), in person

(Johnson, M. C., 1940; Hartner 1950). As for the observatories, after his brother, Mongke,

asked him to send his best astrologer, Nasir al-Dîn Tûsî, to Qaraqorum to build an

observatory there, Hülegü instead set Tûsî to work building the famous Marâgha

Observatory. Eventually, Mongke and later Qubilai were able to bring Moslem astrologers

east. No observatory was built in Qaraqorum, but an observatory was finished in Peking in

1276 by Guo Shoujing (Needham 1959: 294-390).

Hülegü, on the other hand, invited Chinese astronomers to Persia to teach Chinese

methods. The results of this mutual influence are not obvious, perhaps because astronomical

methods in China and Persia were distinct or perhaps because the two systems were used

independently.11 However, while these systems were not changed in either region,

11
For the analysis of explicit texts and the various methods of calculation used by
astrologers under the Mongol reign, whether Islamic, Chinese, or Indian, cf. the works of E.
S. Kennedy. In Astronomy and Astrology in the Medieval Islamic World two articles directly
connected to the question methods are "The Tables from an Arabic Astronomical Handbook
for the Mongol Viceroy of Tibet," XIII (Co-authored by Jan Hogendijk) and "Eclipse

47
INTRODUCTION

astronomical equipment nonetheless improved (especially in China), and the institution

(especially in Persia) was revitalized (Sayil 1960: 232-236).

Thus, Islamic mathematics, following the 13th and 14th centuries, began to influence

Western institutions (Ragep, vol. 1, 1993: 55-58). This influence had a profound impact on

the ascent of European science and universities (Sayil 1960: 390-400). In particular, Islamic

equipment and observations influenced European astrologers such as Tycho Brahe and

Copernicus (Sayil 1960: 371). Indeed the calculations of the Polish astrologer, Copernicus,

in De Revolutionibus show a remarkable similarity to those of a mathematician from

Damascus, Ibn al Shâtir (1304-1375/6 [Sayil 1960: 384; Saliba 1994: 289-305]). Although

the heliocentric universe of the Copernican system is innovative,12 whether the influence of

one to the other was direct or coincidental, Copernicus certainly benefitted in some way from

Islamic astronomy and thus, by extension, the Mongols’ patronage.13

Though not touted in academic circles as one of the great mathematical traditions of

the world, the importance of Mongolian mathematics for world history is felt in another way

Predictions in Arabic Astronomical Tables Prepared for the Mongol Viceroy of Tibet," XIV.
12
Although the heliocentric theory is innovative in relation to the Mâragha school, it
was not unknown in the history of science. Heliocentrism was proposed in antiquity by the
Pythagoreans and Aristarchus. The idea was known in the Middle Ages and in the Latin
West. Cf. Barker and Ariew (2-5).
13
Swerdlow and Neugebauer in Mathematical Astronomy in ... De Revolutionibus, say
that "the question . . . is not whether, but when, where and in what form [Copernicus] learned
of the Maragha theory” (47). Important to note is G. Rosiñska’s refutation of this claim
(1974: 239-243). For the importance of Copernicus’ discovery for Western civilization, cf.
Galileo Galilei.

48
INTRODUCTION

as well. The reward of syncretism, which, in deference to universal and timeless tradition,

comes at the cost of national effacement, is that it preserves a storehouse of technology

reflecting great antiquity and diversity.

Tibetan

As for foreign elements in the manual, from a Mongolian point of view, and in the

case of this manual, it is a foreign system which appears to be the mundane institution

governing time. As it often appears to serve this institutional function, that system tends to

be known by an institutional term, “Buddhism” (or in Mongolian a term such as Burqan-u

šašin “the religion of Buddha”). Thus, it can be said that the manual is a Buddhist text.

Ultimately, however, in what are universal/irrational systems, as there is no such thing as a

specifically Mongolian institution, there is also no such thing as Buddhism. That which

distinguishes an institution is not a philosophy, but place in time and space. In the manual

this orientation is apparent in the term qara kitad-un to(-a (the mathematics of Black China),

a pleonastic rendering of the Tibetan term nag-rtsis (black astrology). “Black” refers to the

Tibetan place name for China, rGya nag (black plain). It is opposed by Tibetan dkar-rtsis

(white astrology), referring to the astrology of India, rGya dkar (white plain).

This Tibetan orientation is reflected twofold in the name of the month. As

mentioned, the reason the calendar begins with the Tiger and not the Rat month goes back

to ‘Phags-pa lama’s synchronization of the Tibetan and Chinese calendars during the Mongol

49
INTRODUCTION

Empire. Furthermore, although the months are named according to five different traditions,

Indian, Chinese Peasant, Chinese Mathematical, Tibetan and Mongolian, the preferred

system of the names of the month is not the Mongolian ordinal system, although it is used

almost as frequently, but the Tibetan system of the twelve animals.

Uygur

While the text is a Buddhist sutra, the Chinggisid Mongols of the 13th century did

not receive Buddhist mathematics directly from Tibet, but rather through the intermediate

influence of the Uygurs, who settled in the Tarim basin in AD 835 after being driven from

their homeland on the Orhon River by the Kirghiz people of the Upper Yenisei (Bazin 1991:

228). In their cities of Qocho or Qara Qoja, Uygur mathematicians had access to both Indian,

Iranian, and Tibetan Buddhist works, Chinese mathematical texts, as well as Manichean,

Nestorian Christian writings, and other sources. From this wealth of influence, Uygur

astrologers developed systems of their own from the synthesis of these foreign elements.

Exactly when the Mongols adopted the Uygur system is not verified. The first use

of the Uygur dating system in the Secret History of the Mongols, the exact date of which,

itself, is uncertain,14 is the Cock year, 1201 A.D. (Cleaves 1984: 68; de Rachewiltz 1972:

61, line 3913). The occasion is the coronation of Chinggis Khan's sworn brother and arch-

14
The Secret History of the Mongols gives its year as the year of the Rat, and from that
it has been deduced that it was perhaps written in 1228, 1240 or 1252.

50
INTRODUCTION

rival, Jamuqa, as Gür Khan over tribes which were about to strike out against Chinggis Khan.

This means that even if this date does mark an early adaptation of the Uygur system, exactly

when the Chinggisid Mongols adopted the Uygur chronology remains unclear. Charles

Melville in an article on the influence of "The Chinese-Uygur Animal Calendar in Persian

Historiography of the Mongol Period," notes that for administrative purposes the Mongols

began to use the Uygur calendar at the latest by 1215 with their conquest of northern China.

(Melville 1994: 84; Bazin 1991: 399). These new systems would in turn influence Chinese

and Tibetan astrology and, through transmission by the Mongols, eventually almost every

nation in Asia (Bazin 1991: 229).

When the Turfan documents were discovered between the years 1902 and 1914 by

the various "Turfan Expeditions" organized by the Berlin Museum of Ethnology and later by

the Prussian Academy of Science, astrological texts in various languages were among the

most common works found (Cerensodnom and Taube 1993: 7). Consequently, scholars paid

them special attention in numerous publications. The Uygur fragments have been dealt with

by Rachmati and Eberhard in Turfantexte. The Mongolian fragments have been studied by

many scholars including Haenisch, Franke, Kara, and Tserensodnom and Taube. In these

works one sees clearly the affinity in method and terminology between this manual and those

from the Turfan area.

Besides loan words, which are common in the manual, Uygur influence comes in two

main areas, the calendar and the nakshatra. As previously described, the terms of the

sexagenary cycle, as with the forms of the “Twelve lords” (arban qoyar e¯in), follow the

51
INTRODUCTION

Uygur method in their borrowing from Chinese (Rachmati 1972: #4, p. 301; #11, p. 308).

The designation of the month by ordinal numbers, contained within two native terms for the

first and last months respectively was borrowed by the Mongols and became known in

Tibetan sources as hor-zla (The Mongolian month). Also in the calendar, the designation of

the first ten days of the month as new (Mong. šine; Uy. yangï) and the last ten days as old is

based on the Uygur system (Rachmati 1972: 291). As for the nakshatra, the Mongolian

forms of the Hindu nakshatra reflect the Uygur borrowing of the terms either from Tocharian

or Sogdian. Moreover, the correspondence of nakshatra is close to Uygur and Indian

systems, while later Mongolian sources more clearly aligned with Chinese.

Chinese

Empirical Chinese mathematics was distinct from the Greek, Indian and Buddhist

methods. The Chinese, it seems, addressed the problem of the calendar in a way that was

precisely opposite of their neighbors to the west. Needham, citing de Saussure, notes that

"while Greek astrology was ecliptic, angular, true, and annual, Chinese astrology was

equatorial, horary, mean and diurnal." To this list, Needham adds "Moreover, Greek

astrology was geometrical, Chinese astrology was arithmetical-algebraical” (Needham 1959:

229). These differences stem from the basic problem of simultaneously observing the stars

and sun in making a calendar. Presumably there are only two methods for ascertaining this

relation. These are known as contiguity and opposability (Needham 1959: 229). Contiguity

52
INTRODUCTION

was the method of the Greeks and the ancient Egyptians before them. It involved observing

heliacal risings and settings along the ecliptic and required no knowledge of the pole,

meridian or celestial equator. The Chinese system, on the other hand, derived from the use

of a gnomon, placed in the ground, from which one could determine the celestial pole and

meridian. Due to this difference while the Greeks focused on the stars along the ecliptic,

Chinese astrologers focused on the stars which never set below the horizon, the circumpolar

stars, in order to discern the position of the sun, moon, planets, and other stars at any given

time. (Needham 1989: 2).

Chinese mathematical sources began coming to Tibet in the 7th and 8th cent. AD.

The first of these is said to have come under the reign of Srong-btsan sgam-po, whose

Chinese queen, Wenzheng (whose marriage was in 641 A.D.), brought with her various texts.

After a period of decline, Chinese related mathematical influence came again beginning in

the 10th century, but this time via Central Asia through the intermediary influence of the

Uygurs (Cornu 1997: 21-23).

In his article “An Introduction to Tibetan Astronomy and Astrology,” A. Berzin

emphasizes that Chinese astrology primarily influenced the divinatory aspect of the calendar,

by providing further sets of variables to increase the possibilities of doing divination (Berzin

1987: 21-23). However, apart from divination, Chinese methods influenced the Tibetan

calendar in other ways as well. As Dieter Schuh says in his study of the history of Tibetan

calendar reckoning, Zur Geschichte der tibetischen Kalenderechnung, during the reign of

Qubilai Khan, through the influence of 'Phags-pa lama, Buddhist calendars conformed with

53
INTRODUCTION

the Chinese system in terms of both the beginning of the year, as well as the number of the

year (Schuh 1973: 6). Under the new system, the month, in the form already examined, is

referred to in Tibetan as the hor-zla (the month of the Mongols [Schuh 1973: 6]).

In the manual, in addition to the sexagenary cycle, one finds the Twenty-Four Joints

and Breaths (M. tngri (ajar-un qorin dörben a(ur èa(), Chinese New Year according to the

lunar cycle and a Chinese method for fixing an intercalary month. Additional Chinese

systems are a) the 100-Unit time reckoning system, b) the 12 Double-Hour System c) two

different 12 day cycles, one given by the twelve animals of the Chinese Zodiac, the other

known as the Twelve Lords (M. Arban qoyar e¯en), d) the five elements, e) the five colors)

and f) the eight trigrams (naiman külil), that is, the eight trigrams of the Yijing. Chinese

methods also influence the days of the calendar, the composition of the nakshatra and the

prognostications derived from the combination of the nakshatra and the “stars.”

Another important Chinese influence are the omens, which may have originated in

ancient Mesopotamia and entered China first with traders along the Silk Road and then

eventually via Buddhism exported from India into Central Asia. During the Warring States

period (453-221 BC) these auspices begin to appear in Chinese sources in the form of rishu

(day-books [Smith, Richard 1991: 23]). They circulated widely among elite and commoners

alike and became extremely popular. This popularity produced a strong demand for this kind

of omen astrology in China, and set off market forces which produced new competing works,

promoted mass production, piracy and so on. The trade in these works became so profuse

that it prompted the government to impose restrictive measures to protect against rebellion.

54
INTRODUCTION

The emperors of the Tang dynasty, for example, forbade possession of astrological texts,

oracular works or astrologically-oriented almanacs (Smith, Richard, 1992: 4-5).

However almanacs (rili) that predicted auspicious and inauspicious activities

continued to flourish. Sometimes the non-Imperial almanacs were known as xiaoli (small

calendars) to distinguish them from the more elaborate and expensive calendars of the State,

the dali (great calendars). With the invention of printing during the Tang dynasty,

entrepreneurs even began to pirate the State calendar, forcing the government itself to

compete for its market share by publishing special editions of the calendar in hopes of

preempting the dealers. During the Song dynasty as printing and literacy expanded, popular

almanacs of all kinds proliferated when it became fashionable among the affluent to sponsor

the publication of new almanacs (Smith, R. J., 1992: 4-5). After the Mongols came to power

and established the Yuan dynasty, the eminent mathematician, Guo Shoujing (c. 1290),

gathered almanacs containing official and unofficial beliefs, and produced the first attempt

at an overall system for almanacs. In the process the celestial omens, which had heretofore

been found only in the almanacs, were incorporated into the Chinese imperial calendar. With

Guo's publication of his Compendium of Systems, the Shoushi li yi jing (Explanations and

manual of the Shoushi [works and days] calendar), the pattern of the almanac was set:

calendar, divination, advice, tales, charts, and geomancy (feng-shui [Yuanshi, juan 52-55;

Polo 1929: 449, n. 1; Palmer 1986: 20; Smith, Richard, 1991: 44]). And although Confucian

scholars such as Xie Yingfang (c. 1350), argued against these almanacs as superstitious, they

became extremely popular. Not only did these omens and divinatory elements remain

55
INTRODUCTION

throughout the Yuan, but they were included with the Imperial Calendars of the Ming and

Qing as well and can be found today in the almanacs published in Taiwan (Palmer 1984: 20-

21).

Indian

Indian astrology provides the primary foundation for Tibetan Buddhist mathematics.15

Its main source for Tibetan Buddhism, often cited in the manual, is the Kâlacakra Tantra

(The Wheel of Time; T. Dus kyi hkhor lo; M. Èa(-un kürdün). The Kâlacakra originated

outside of India and was introduced there in the early decades of the 11th century CE

(Newman 2004: 410). It is said to be one of the last Sanskrit works written in Central Asia,

where Indian civilization was in close contact with Zoroastrian, Manichean, Christian, and

Islamic traditions, and it contains a wealth of foreign or syncretistic influences. It came first

to India (together with its commentary, the Vimalaprabhâ, written by Padma dKar po) and

subsequently entered Tibet in 1026 A.D. together with the Tibetan translation done by

Somanatha of Kashmir (Raghu Vira and Lokesh Chandra 1966: 6; Hoffman 1969: 53). By

legend the Kâlacakra originated in a place called Shambhala, which is told in the

Vimalaprabha to be located on a latitude north of Tibet, Khotan, China, and north of the Sita

15
For a detailed exposition of Indian astrology cf. Burgess's translation and
commentary on the Sûrya-Siddhânta. For the influence of Indian culture on Tibet in general
cf. Lopez and Lopez 1997. Specifically, for the influence of Indian astrology on Tibetan
astrology cf. Cornu 1997: 24-32.

56
INTRODUCTION

River (Sopa, Geshe Lhundub, Roger Jackson and John Newman 1985: 84). Concerning the

original date of the Kâlacakra-tantra, Dieter Schuh states that in its present form the

Kâlacakra-tantra could not have originated before 1026 A.D. but was based on a text from

around 806 A.D. (Schuh 1973: 20). With the introduction of the Kâlacakra in Tibet, the

epoch for Tibetan time reckoning was established in 1027 A.D. (Staël-Holstein 1935-6: 277;

Schuh 1973: 3-4).

According to Schuh, the use of some Kâlacakra methods but not others in early

Buddhist sources shows that a complete assimilation of the system had not taken place by

as late as the beginning of the 13th century (Schuh 1973: 5). As a result, noteworthy teachers

of the Kâlacakra system – 'Phags-pa lama being one – were still introducing the system later.

According to the Blue Annals, the two great teachers of the Kâlacakra-tantra in Tibet were

Bu-ston and Dol-po-pa. Bu-ston (1290- ) in particular devoted five volumes on Tantrism to

the Kâlacakra and Vimalaprabha (Raghu Vira and Lokesh Chandra 1966: 11).

The Kâlacakra-tantra embodies a three-fold system in its composition. The tantra

is divided into three parts. The first part, the External Kâlacakra, deals with the world and

external phenomenon. The Inner Kâlacakra deals with internal phenomenon, namely, the

subtle composition of the body of the yogi. The third part, the Alternative Kâlacakra,

pertains to gnosis, which is given as the transcendent aspect of the tantra (Cornu 1997: 25-

26; Newman 1987: 114; Berzin 1987: 17). In practical terms the system is propagated by a

number of texts which contain basic knowledge upon which subsequent texts can expand and

develop knowledge. These primary texts are the root tantras (M. ündüsün-ü gesigün). In

57
INTRODUCTION

them two systems of mathematical calculations developed under the rubric of "External

Kâlacakra." From the Mula Tantra came the siddhanta or full tenet system of calculations

(T. grub-rtsis). Although this was the more exact of the two systems, it was lost together

with the root tantra, so that only fragments of the system survived in later commentaries such

as the Vimalaprabha (The Stainless Light Sutra). The other system of calculations is a precis

system known as the kha-ra-na (S. kha-ra-na “boundary, limit, margin, edge” [MW, 623;

Sárközi 1995: 305, #4366]). It comes from a later text, the Laghu-tantra (Abbreviated

Kâlacakra-tantra). As an abbreviated system, it is also less accurate than the siddhanta

system in terms of the daily motion constant for the sun.16 Eventually, Buddhist astrology

and calendar reckoning came to fulfillment through a synthesis of these two systems in the

form of Tibetan grub-rtsis astrology in the period between the 15th and 17th centuries

(Schuh 1973: 21).

In its introduction, the manual cites numerous terms from the Kâlacakra system,

including the three kinds of mathematics (M. (urban to(-a) and the three kinds of day (M.

qono(-un (urban jüil). It cites the philosophy of Nâgârjuna as a primary source and notes

16
The positions of the planets are calculated in terms of daily motion constants, but
over 60 year cycles (rab-byung) at the beginning of which a leftover position (rtsis-lhag) of
where a planet was at the end of the cycle must be taken into consideration. Cf. Berzin, p.
18, 20. For the terms of the rab-byung cycle, so named for the first year in the cycle, cf.
Everding.

58
INTRODUCTION

two root tantras in particular, the Mahâmâyâtantra-nâma17 and the Cakrasamvara-tantra,

which had an honored place in Tsong-kha-pa's curriculum (Raghu Vira 1966: 13.).

The manual also contains a number of Western elements which entered Buddhism

through India. There is a) the seven day week, as it is used in the West today, b) the four

elements, air, fire, earth, and water, which are commonly associated with Aristotle, but first

appeared in Greek sources in the works of Empedocles, c) the horoscope (i.e., the terms of

the ascendant), and d) the Western zodiac of the Chaldeans.

While ancient Greek and Mesopotamian sources are largely the basis of Indian

astrology and thus Buddhist astrology in turn, elements of distinctly Indian influence are also

numerous. Of these are systems of units of time, such as the mahâyuga, the kalpa, and so

on (Pingree 1963: 238-240). Within these enormous units are more practical units such as

the muhurta, which is equal to 48 minutes. The muhurta is given in the Mongolian manual

as qubi (one measure). Indian systems also give different units of time for different realms.

In the manual, for instance, there are units of time for human beings and another set for the

gods. Another apparently distinctive Indian element in the manual is the interrogative

section in which the ruler asks the goddess, Vima, daughter of heaven, questions about the

celestial order of the universe and Vima replies.

17
For further reference to this work cf. Newman 1987: 402. See also Lopez where
Mahâmâya is defined as "The Great Creative Illusion" (1997: 179). Cf. also Burgess's idea
that giving knowledge to a demon shows foreign influence and then his speculation that
Mâya in the Sûrya Siddhânta refers to Ptolemy, himself (1859: 147).

59
INTRODUCTION

Besides the nakshatra, the manual is similar to the oldest Buddhist systems in other

ways. Both give the 19 year cycle, whether through Babylonian or Chinese influence, for

determining the intercalary month (Mukhopadhyaya 1954: 104). The names of the months

in relation to the seasons follow the same order (Mukhopadhyaya 1954: 53) and most

significantly, both give many of the same omens or auspices (Mukhopadhyaya 1954: 110).

This last feature is especially important because as the prevalence of omens or auspices is

a distinctive feature of the manual, it is also a distinctive feature of the most ancient Buddhist

astrology. Indeed, David Pingree writes that "Buddhist astrology in general can be

characterized at its infancy as a ‘nakshatra’ astrology, combining the Indian nakshatra with

Babylonian omens” (Pingree 1963: 230).

With the discovery of Mesopotamian astrological and divination tablets in the mid-

nineteenth century, scholars have been able to find antecedents for the traditional Greek

sources, out of which the astrology of Western civilization developed. For years, while

scholars have wondered at the pervasiveness of these ultimately arbitrary astrological terms,

the days of the week and the signs of the zodiac, the horoscope, and so on, with only Greek

and Roman sources and a few passages in the Bible to go on, they had virtually no means to

link these coincidences and ultimately discover their origin (Thompson 1900: xiii.) This

was until a great repository of astrological inscriptions were found in the ruins of the library

at Nineveh, which at the middle of the 19th century, when the discovery was made, had been

buried over 2000 years. The discovery of the cuneiform tablets was made between 1845 and

60
INTRODUCTION

1847 when Sir Henry Layard excavated sites at old Nineveh. The cuneiform inscriptions

subsequently went to the British Museum in London (Naylor 1967: 11-12).

With these inscriptions scholars such as O. Neugebaur, D. Pingree, Francesca

Rochberg, and Ulla Koch-Westenholz have been able to reconstruct Mesopotamian

astrological systems. They have since begun to integrate the systems preserved in other

repositories throughout Asia. Especially valuable are the Babylonian inscriptions given to

the library at Nineveh by the Assyrian king, Assurbanipal, 668-626 B.C. Among these

inscriptions is a series of astrological works entitled Enûma Anu Enlil containing 70 tablets

with over 7,000 thousand celestial omens covering an extensive period of ancient

Mesopotamian history. David Pingree in From Astral Omens to Astrology From Babylon to

Bîkâner believes that these omens were probably being observed in late Sumerian times, late

3rd millennium B.C., and that a small number of tablets are indeed from the Old Babylonian

Period, from the first half of the 2nd millennium B.C. (Pingree 1997: 12). In his article

"Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran" he argues that after Darius the Great conquered

the Indus valley in 513 B.C. intellectual correspondence between East and West began,

bringing to an end a period of isolation. During the period between 500-230 B.C., Indian

astronomy was introduced to Babylonian methods for the first time. With this infusion of

foreign influence Indian astrology went from simple calendars based on 27 or 28 nakshatra

to a unique and complex system which includes the yuga system and the concept of great

cycles of time such as the mahâyuga, the kalpa, and so on. Buddhists, he points out, adopted

a form of this new Indian synthesis with its combination of 28 nakshatra and Babylonian

61
INTRODUCTION

omens (Pingree 1963: 230). These omens were extracted for the most part from two large

compendia of Babylonian omen literature, the Summa alu and the previously mentioned

Emûna Anu Enlil. As for their dissemination, Pingree writes:

It is clear that in the 5th and early 4th centuries B.C. much of the
Mesopotamian omen literature, perhaps from Aramaic versions, was
translated into an Indian language and these translations, though altered to fit
the Indian intellectual tradition, form the basis of the rich Sanskrit and Prakrit
literatures on terrestrial and celestial omens. (Pingree 1997: 33)

Buddhists, he points out, early in their history distinguished themselves by attacking the

Brahmans for their use of omens. In the Brahmajalasutta, for example, the Buddha recites

omens verbatim from the Summa alu and Emûna Anu Enlil, as examples of immorality

(Pingree 1997: 32-33). However, by the time of the Úardulakarnavadâna sutra (perhaps 1st

cent. A.D.), although castigation of the Brahmans is as fervent as ever, the omens have been

embraced. Furthermore, Pingree shows that Buddhists spread their “nakshatra astrology”

into Iran and Central Asia to the cities of Khotan and Khocho from whence it made its way

to China (Pingree 1963: 233; 1978: 613-631).18

III. Theory

The Genre

18
In “Measuring Time in Mesopotamia and ancient India” Harry Falk challenges
many of David Pingree’s assertions about the influence of Mesopotamian mathematics on
India. Regarding omen literature specifically, he suggests that Babylonian influence might
have come later, after the time of Alexander, but also that augury may well have been
indigenous to India (2000: 108-109).

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INTRODUCTION

The Mongolian term for the genre, given by Mostaert as “astrology and divination”

is to(-a. As a verbal stem, to(a- means “to count, reckon” and as a noun commonly means

“number, amount” (Lessing, 813). As found in the phrase, Manjušari bodisung inu Qara

Kitad-un orun-dur to(-a terigüten-i üjegülegèi buyu "The bodhisattva Mañjuúrî is the one

who teaches to(-a in the lands of the Chinese," it refers to a discipline or branch of

knowledge, to(an-u uqa(an, translated literally as "the science of numbers, mathematics.”

The term is equivalent to Tibetan rtsis-kyi rig-gnas, in which rig-gnas stands for

“knowledge, science or learning,” while rtsis, in a predicative function means “to calculate,

to compute,” otherwise means “counting, numbering, numeration,” and in the form rtsis-pa

means “mathematician” (Jäschke, 439-440).

This genre is not to be confused with modern mathematics, which is a specific

narrowly defined field within a greater scientific tradition, “Modern Science,” that has clearly

rejected the tradition from whence it originated. The tradition Modern Science has rejected

is a tradition to which Buddhist mathematics belongs, a tradition of mathematics that was

once common throughout Eurasia. Modern Science’s rendering obsolete the traditional

concept of “mathematics,” not only makes the translation of the Mongolian/Buddhist genre

difficult, but also has effectively erased the traditional notion of “mathematics” from the

history of Western civilization. This erasure is so complete, one is hard-pressed to find a

single history of traditional mathematics written by a modern author. Many modern studies

which profess to be histories of mathematics are, rather, merely compendia of the works of

63
INTRODUCTION

famous mathematicians (Miller, G. A. 1921: 5-12). In his book, The Story of Mathematics,

Richard Mankiewicz writes:

Mathematics has been a collective activity of a relatively small number of

unusually talented individuals who have cut across spatial and temporal
boundaries as if they did not exist and together created one of the wonders of
the world (Mankiewicz 2000: 1).

While the study of the achievements of outstanding mathematicians is certainly worthy in

its own right, to present it as the history of mathematics utterly distorts the subject.

Mathematics, on the contrary, was a collective activity of a relatively large number of people,

whose talent for conceiving better methods of mensuration or the lack thereof was irrelevant

to the mundane task at hand, which for at least two millennia was predominately divination.

A proper history of mathematics, rather, would be a study of the rhetoric of knowledge,

focusing on the way in which mathematics creates order from chaos; its relationship to

government, foremost, then individuals; its relationship to religion; its relationship to itself,

that is, the interplay between its physical and metaphysical modes, the way in which it is

divided into disciplines, specialization; and its relationship to apotropaic medicine, ritual,

and magic – for these are some of its fundamental aspects.

As for translating Mongolian to(-a, while the literal translation, “mathematics,” is

archaic, “astrology and divination,” – used by Mostaert (as a way of naming a monograph

on an anonymous text in this untranslatable genre) and the current Library of Congress

subject heading as well – is not a suitable rendering either in that it fails to capture the aspect

of the genre given to physical science, in particular, to astronomy and calendar reckoning.

While “astrology” was once indeed a proper synonym for “mathematics,” with the advent of

64
INTRODUCTION

Modern Science, the meaning of “astrology” also changed, so that in the West there is a

strong tendency to see a mutually exclusive relationship between astrology and astronomy,

based on a distinction between methods of divination versus the methods of physical science.

Prior to the Enlightenment era in Europe, there was no absolute distinction between astrology

and astronomy. All three terms, “mathematics,” “astrology” and “astronomy,” would have

been proper translations for Mongolian to(-a. Now, none of them is.

Another literal rendering of to(-a is “numerology.” However, this word’s too limited

denotation precludes it. Others have translated Buddhist mathematics as “reckoning,

computation, calculation.” This option not only avoids the confusion inherent in the terms

“mathematics, astrology, astronomy,” there is also a Latin cognate, computus “reckoning,

computation” coined, perhaps, to avoid the same dilemma. However, the term is not well-

known in English nor outside mediaeval rhetoric (Tester 1987: 126-7). While such

renderings avoid confusion with the Western genres, this is unfortunate, in that they deny the

shared tradition with Western mathematics, presenting Buddhist mathematics as if it were

an exotic indigenous tradition, when, given the erasure of pre-Enlightenment mathematics

from Western history, it is precisely the relationship between them that makes the subject so

important.

What then is Buddhist mathematics, and how is it related to pre-modern Western

mathematics and the mathematic traditions of Eurasia? To begin, Buddhist mathematics is

similar in meaning to the tradition of Greek mathematics in that both use a term which

literally means “number, computation,” to stand for a general concept “knowledge, learning,

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science.” What is quite possibly the underlying reason for this is found in the Greek term

máthçma (Gr. :V20:"), which originally meant "science" or "something learned,"19 and

then came to be associated with “numbers” through the influence of Pythagorean philosophy

which holds that all knowledge is ultimately derived from numbers (Smith, David, 1923:

74). In this “number” is a metonym for comprehending the otherwise boundless, amorphous

concept, “knowledge.” Still, the term is more complex in that not only did máthçma imply

this dichotomy between the general concept “knowledge” and the specific concept “number,

computation,” it also held a dichotomy between metaphysical and physical aspects, of which,

the metaphysical was predominant in that its primary functions were apotropaic medicine,

ritual, and magic (Burkert 1972: 42-43, n. 76, 211; Kingsley 1995: 327). Thus, the term

máthçma comprises a double duality or a three-way antagonism, fourfold aspects:

“knowledge” versus “number” on the one hand; metaphysics versus physics on the other.

Given this instability, it was inevitable for the Greeks that the notion of máthçma

“mathematics” should change over time from the friction between these opposing aspects of

an ultimately boundless subject and the pull of specialization. Earlier than other fields,

geometry and astrology became domains of specialists (Burkert 1972: 426). Along with the

appearance of the Greek Academy, the word mathçmata came to stand for “fields of study,”

while mathçmatikç was restricted to the science of numerical calculation or mathematics

proper. This mathçmatikç was not comparable to modern mathematics, but to the

19
The ultimate source of "mathematics" was the Greek verb mantháneim "to learn,"
which came from the same Indo-European base (*men-, *mon-, *mn- "think") as produced
"memory" and "mind." Cf. "mathematics," Dictionary of Word Origins (Ayto 1991: 341).

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mathematics found in the Buddhist system and in the manual. It was also known as

astrologia, the science of the heavens, which like máthçma, was at once a metaphysical

subject, the physical science of the movements of the celestial bodies and a metonym for

“knowledge” in that, just as all knowledge can be understood to derive from numbers, so too

all knowledge can be understood as deriving from the stars. These new usages of

terminology were not consistently followed by Greek authors, however, until the time of the

Old Academy in the 4th century BC. In general Plato uses máthçma in its original, broader

sense, as “knowledge” or “learning” (Burkert 1972: 422).

In Latin astronomus is synonymous with mathematicus (Tester 1987: 179-80). This

is clear from one of the final and most complete works on the subject in the ancient world,

the Mathesis of Julius Firmicus, written in the 4th century AD from a synthesis of late

Hellenistic, Egyptian and Syrian sources. Its ideology draws from the Platonic and Stoic

traditions, in particular, the notion of sympathy between all parts of the universe, linking the

stars and mankind in strict moral determinism (Firmicus Maternus 1975: 1-4). Its subject

is what a modern critic would consider astrology, that is, the science of the heavens. To the

author this was a most noble philosophy, but to others, even by the 11th century, the period

in which the oldest manuscripts of the Mathesis are found, it was deemed but superstition.

By the twelfth century AD, a distinction had been established between mathçsis with

a long ç in the middle, and mathsis with the accent on the first syllable and a short , a

distinction which may also have been valid in the fourth century (Tester, 1987: 134).

According to John of Salisbury in Chapter 18, Book II of his Policraticus, “good mathesis”

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which is pronounced with a short middle syllable, is that which “nature induces, reason

proves and practical utility approves.” “Bad mathesis,” pronounced with a long middle

syllable – as in Firmicus’ work – was vain superstition (Tester,1987: 134).

As for the terms astrology and astronomy, while either could be used in relation to

the other to distinguish opposing aspects of the greater subject at any time in antiquity, one

of the first writers to differentiate absolutely the two words astronomia and astrologia was

Isidore of Seville in the 7th century AD (Tester 1987: 19). Isidore defines astronomia as

dealing with the “turning of the heavens, and the risings, settings and motions of the stars,

and why they are called what they are,” and then contrasts what he calls physical astrology,

which deals with “the course of the sun and moon, or the fixed seasons of the stars” from

superstitious astrology pursued by mathematici, such as Firmicus, “who prophesy by the stars

and who distribute the twelve heavenly signs among the parts of the soul and body and

attempt to foretell the births and characters of men from the courses of the stars”

(Etymologiae, III.27; cf. Tester 1987: 19). Given their etymologies, this is the logical way

to differentiate the terms. The nomos of astronomia refers to law or custom; the logos of

astrologia means “reason, account” and thus leads to essentially the opposite distinction we

now make (Tester 1987: 124).

Other medieval authors, who came after Isidore, either followed Isidore or produced

different, sometimes quite contrary, definitions. The Spanish philosopher and great

disseminator of Arabic philosophy and science, Gundissalinus (c1110-c1190), who, in his

most influential work, De divisione philosophiae, drew heavily from Isidore of Seville,

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reverses this distinction between astronomia and astrologia (Tester 1987: 148). Robert

Kilwardby, the anti-Thomist Dominican Archbishop of Canterbury, who in his De ortu

scientiarum written about 1250 took a position against astrological determinism, accepts the

Isidorean division of astrologia in his rejecting judicial astrology as superstitious, while

accepting natural astrology, which deals with the effects of the stars on health, the weather

and so on. He quotes Gundissalinus on the same division, and then realizes that he has

misquoted, since Gundissalinus used the names in the opposite way and so adds the

following clarification: “it should be noted that although what we have said is different

[from] the proper way of taking ‘astronimia’ and ‘astrologia,’ yet sometimes the name of

the one is used for the other, just as happens with scientia and sapientia, which are properly

different, but sometimes one is used for the other” (Tester 1987: 180). Roger Bacon, who,

in contrast to Robert Kilwardby, accepted astrology, uses the terms astronomia and

astrologia much in the way of Gundissalinus. He defines astronomia as “practical

astrologia,” while also referring to: “the true mathematici, which is what we are here calling

astronomi and astrologi, because they are so called indifferently by Ptolemy and Avicenna

and many others” (Tester 1987: 180).

Regarding the practitioners of mathematics, the mathematicians, a separate discussion

is necessary, because, as the notion of mathematics changed over time, so did the notion of

the mathematician, but, given the conflicting aspects involved, these changes were not

necessary in step with each other. In the passage of Roger Bacon, cited above, mathematici

(mathematician) is synonymous with astronomi (astronomer) and astrologi (astrologer).

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That is, a mathematician was one who practiced both or either of the opposing aspects of the

study of the heavens, its physics and its metaphysics. Of these it was the metaphysical aspect

that was predominant, and so when one encounters the term “mathematician” in the

literature, unless otherwise demonstrated, one might think primarily of a diviner, one who

practices divination. Still, the nuances of the term are important. In antiquity there is a

distinction made between mathematici and acusmatici, though it is drawn sharply in the

sources, exactly what the distinction entails is rather unclear. Mathematici are said to be

superior to acusmatici in a hierarchy not well established (Burkert 1972: 194). Even in the

ancient sources the term mathematici is taken to mean a Pythagorean or a follower of

Pythagoras. While this link between Pythagoras and mathematics is justified, the

Pythagorean school evolved over time, such that the common notion of Pythagoreans as

specialists in numerical calculation and empirical science is misleading when applied to the

notion of the mathematici. From early on mathematici are primarily advocates of

astronomical theories, and these had more to do with the metaphysics of divination and ritual

practice than the subject of modern astronomy. As Charles Burkert says in Lore and Science

in Ancient Pythagoreanism, “Greek mathematikoi “mathematicians” were not

mathematicians in the modern sense at all, but astrologers and ritualists” (Burkert 1972: 42-

43, n. 76). These Pythagorean mathematicians, who clearly understood their subject in terms

of medicine and therapeutics, are, he says, “to be more associated with shamans, miracle

workers, healers, ascetics and philosophers, than modern mathematicians or scientists”

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(Burkert 1972: 211; Kingsley 1995: 327). Mathematicians in the Middle Ages are

comparable to the magi of yore. Isidore of Seville writes:

Astrologi are so called because they make predictions from the stars;
genethliaci are named because they consider the dates of birth, for they draw
up the births (geneses) of men round the twelve signs of the heavens and
attempt to predict the characters of those born . . . . these are commonly
called mathematici . . . but these same interpreters of the stars were at first
called magi, like those in the Gospel who announced the birth of Christ; after
they were known only by the other name, mathematici. (Isidore of Seville,
‘On Magi’, Etymologiae, Book VIII, Chp. 9: 22-27; cf. Tester, 1987: 125)

Kepler (1571-1630), thought of commonly as an astronomer, was not really an astronomer

at all nor a modern mathematician, but another example of the mathematici. He studied

astrologia at Tübingen University and practiced astrology to support himself while he taught

at Graz. The aim of his work was to reveal through his mathematics a coherent, harmonious

world (Tester 1987: 233-5).

While it is generally wrong to conceive of the mathematici as modern

mathematicians, it is too simple to conceive of them merely as diviners or as astrologers or

astronomers. Indeed, at times mathematici and astrologi were differentiated, as at the

Council of Laodicaea in 364 or 367 (Tester 1987: 55). This differentiation comes at a time

when the Catholic Church was busy with the work of eliminating external access to the

divine. During this process, while the good or evil of astrology was debated, the inherent

evil in magic and magicians was widely held, and the mathematici often fell in with the

latter, as in 357 when Constantius counted as undesirable the mathematici, magi and other

diviners; and in 425 when Theodosius and Valentinian banished them (Tester 1987: 95).

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The “fields of study” of the Greek Academy comprised the “Seven Liberal Arts” (Gr.

X8gbhgD"4 JXP<"4; L. artes liberales). By the sixth century these were divided into two

groups: the trivium: grammar, rhetoric and dialectic; and the quadrivium: arithmetic,

geometry, music and astronomy (Tester 1987: 101; Burkert 1972:1-2). The division

represented the separation of grades of difficulty, and stages of instruction, a knowledge of

grammar, rhetoric and dialectic being necessary for the study of the other four (Tester 1987:

101-2). Grammar meant Latin grammar; rhetoric, the study of figures of speech, forms of

oratory, metrics and literary devices; and dialectic meant Aristotelian logic (Tester 1987:

102). As for the quadrivium, it was little studied either in antiquity or in the early Middle

Ages, but it was held in theory to be necessary for the proper understanding of the Scriptures.

Arithmetic was not concerned with calculation but with numbers. Geometry literally meant

“earth-measurement” and included both the mathematical geometry of Euclid as well as

“geography,” the description of the earth and its lands. Music did not concern the practice

of the art but theories of the harmony of the spheres. As for Astronomy – astronomia or

astrologia – though both names are used with little if any discrimination, in the earlier times

more emphasis was placed on the metaphysical aspect of the subject, while prior to the 12th

century the content is essentially the empirical study of the heavens, what we would call

astronomy (Tester 1987: 102-104). Though these seven liberal arts would eventually become

the ideal or theoretical curriculum of medieval universities, this was not a curriculum ever

studied as a whole by anyone, and other classifications of mathematics were numerous

(Tester 1987: 103-104). One such classification of mathematics, noticed by Etienne

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Montucla in his Histoire des mathematiques, vol. 4, was found in 16-18th century Europe

to comprise astronomy, theoretical and practical mechanics, optics and navigation (Huang

and Zurcher 1995: 177). This classification, similar to those found in Arab sources of the

10th and 11th centuries, clearly shows Arab influence, without which “Modern Science” could

not have developed, as mediaeval European interest in mathematics emerged from the

Muslim lands, Spain, and Sicily (Tester 1987: 149). At first, scholars drew from the old

Latin sources of Boëthius, Martianus Capella, Cassiodorus, and Isidore of Seville but

gradually began to include the original works of the polymaths of Islam during the late

eleventh and the twelfth centuries (Tester 1987: 149).

It was the Arabs who were the keepers of the cultural heritage of the ancient Greeks.

Not only did they preserve the great works of Hellenistic polymaths the likes of Aristotle,

Aristoxenus, Euclid, Nicomachus, Ptolemy, and others, they translated these works into

Arabic, and so had ready access to the wealth of Greek knowledge at a time when Western

Europe had nothing by these Greek writers themselves except what could be gleaned from

the aforementioned Latin sources (Farmer 1932: 562-564). Great Arab scholars such as Al-

Fârâbi (L. Alpharabius, d. 950), Ibn Sînâ (L. Avicenna, d. 1037), and Ibn Rushd (L.

Averroes, 1126-98) took full advantage of these Greek works, mastered them, and then went

on to write original works in the sciences. These were translated into Latin and became the

text-books of the schools of Western Europe (Farmer 1932: 562-564).20

20
Some of the most outstanding of these treatises were by Al-Farabi (L. Alpharabius,
d. 950), 1. Ihsâ’ al-‘ulûm (De scientiis); 2. [title unknown] (De ortu scientiarum); by Ibn
Sînâ (L. Avicenna, d. 1037), 1. Fî’l-nafs (De anima); 2. Fî taqâsîm al-hikma (De divisione

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In Arabic the genre evolved during the early centuries of Islamic science much as it

did in Europe. The term hay’a means astronomy in a general sense, but it has a more

specialized meaning as “mathematical cosmology.” In the 10th century al-nujûm (science of

the stars) was used by Al-Fârâbi and others to include mathematical astronomy and astrology

(Ragep, vol. 1, 1993: 24; Saliba 1994: 66). The Ikhwân al-Safâ, a tenth century group of

scholars based in Basra, used the term cilm al-hay’a (the science of hay’a) to designate a

certain branch of astronomy specifically identified with “knowledge” (macrifa) of the

arrangement of the orbs, their configuration (hay’a) and the configuration of the earth. For

Ibn Sînâ cilm al-hay’a replaced cilm al-nujûm as the general term for the discipline.

Furthermore, the divinatory aspect of the genre, the astrological mode, was no longer

considered part of the genre (Ragep, vol. 1, 1993: 24-34).

Given the influence of Greek culture on the Arab world, it is not surprising that the

four subjects of the Arab academy would be the same as the Greek quadrivium or mathesis,

i.e., arithmetic, geometry, music, and astrology (Farmer 1925: 61). However, for practical

purposes, Arab theorists made classifications of their own. In his work, Ihsa’ al-‘ulum (de

scientiis [Classification of the sciences]), which was well-known in Europe, Al-Fârâbi (L.

Alpharabius, d. 950) classified mathematics (Ar. ta‘âlîm) as 1. Arithmetic (‘adad); 2.

Geometry (handasa); 3. Optics (manâzir); 4. Astrology (nujûm); 5. Music (mûsîqâ); 6.

Statics (athqâl); and 7. Mechanics (hiyal). In this mathematics was part of a greater sixfold

scientiarum); and by Ibn Rushd (L. Averroes, 1126-98), Sharh fî’l-nafs li’ Aristûtâlis
(Commentarius in Aristotelis de anima [Farmer 1932: 561-562]).

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classification of the sciences: 1. Grammar (lisân); 2. Logic (mantiq); 3. Mathematics

(ta‘âlîm); 4. Natural Science (tabî’î); 5. Divinity (ilahî); and 6. Theology (kalâm [Farmer

1932: 564-568]). The Ikhwân al-Safâ’ classified mathematics as: arithmetic, geometry,

astrology, geography, music, and proportion; in the Mafâtîh al-‘ulû of Abû ‘Abdallâh al-

Khwârizmî (d. c. 1000) the plan is: arithmetic, geometry, astrology, geography, music,

mechanics and chemistry (Farmer 1932: 564-568). To fit these more refined classifications

of mathematics, fields of specialization were quite narrow in Islam, even in its early

centuries. Titles given to mathematicians and astronomers include the terms riyâdî

(mathematician); hâsib (calculator); muhandis and handasî (engineer and geometrician

[representing the two aspects of earth-measurement]) and ‘adadî (arithmetician); falakî

(astronomer); munajjim (astrologer), râsid (observer) and usturlâbî (astrolab/instrument

designer [Sayili 1960: 251]).

In China, although the influence between the scientific traditions of the Greeks and

Chinese is much more difficult to trace, the term shu “mathematics” (Mathews 5865) is

nonetheless similar to those of the Greeks, Arabs and mediaeval Europeans in its association

with the study of the heavens and its broad range of meanings. The term shu (Mathews

5865) refers to “numbers, mathematics, counting.” The discipline or branch of learning,

shushu (Mathew 5865, 5889) later known as shuxue/shu-hsüeh (Mathews 5865.c.4), referred

to what we now call mathematics, natural philosophy, numerology, divination, astronomy,

astrology, fengshui and music (Ho 2003: 2). A related term, li (Mathews 3930), as a verb

means “to calculate” and as a noun means “the calendar.” Calendrical science is lishu (Ho

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2003: 12). During the Han dynasty (206 BC – AD 220), mathematics belonged to the six arts

of a gentleman, propriety and rites (li), music (yue), archery (she), charioteering or

horsemanship (yu), writing or calligraphy (shu), and mathematics (shu [Ho 2000: 55]). In

the way of specialization, during the Sui (581-618) and T’ang (618-907) dynasties a

government agency, the Office of Mathematics (suanguan/suan-kuan), was founded

specifically for training students in the practical matters requiring knowledge of

mathematical calculation, problems of irrigation, taxes, trade, and so on. However, great

Chinese mathematicians such as Yixing (683-727), Shen Gua (1031-1095), Qin Jiushao (fl.

1247) and Guo Shoujing (1231-1316) did not come from here. Rather, they were trained and

worked at a much more important office of the Chinese government, the Bureau of

Astronomy, the name and organization of which varied somewhat from dynasty to dynasty,

but which was consistently responsible for astronomical observations, the making of the

calendar, divination and the coordination of the times for appropriate ritual practice

(Libbrecht 1973: 5; Ho 1969: 137-157; 2000: 55, 82).

Returning now to the question of the genre in Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism,

mathematics (Mong. to(an-u uqa(an “the science of numbers”; Tib. rtsis-kyi rig-gnas “the

science of numbers”; S. jyotirvidyâ, “astronomy,”) is considered minor in the classification

of Buddhist sciences as follows: The five major sciences: 1. (Sanskrit) grammar; 2. medicine;

3. logic; 4. art or craftsmanship; 5. metaphysics. The five minor sciences are: 1.

mathematics; 2. poetics; 3. prosody; 4. synonymics and 5. drama (TEDP, 15; Mönkh-Ochir,

2000: 87). Under mathematics falls arithmetic, astronomy, calendar reckoning, astrology and

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divination (Schuh 1973: 12). Furthermore, it is said to belong to the realm of relative or

conventional reality (Mong. ina(ungki ünen; Tib. kun rdzob bden pa; S. samvr}ti-satya) as

contrasted to ultimate reality or supreme truth (Mong. ünemleküi ünen; Tib. don dam pa; S.

paramârtha). This is born out in the legend of the origin of mathematics in which, having

been unable to teach the ultimate truth in China, Buddha instructed Mañjuúrî to awaken

people’s minds by means of mathematics (Cornu 1997: 39). The manual also makes this

point, as follows:

While those whom the aggregate of doctrines on supreme truth frees from
conceptualization do not strive in conceptualization to be counted as
individuals, those who do not yet understand . . . need conventional truth .
. . . Thus, Buddha, the Bodhisattvas, the god Mañjuúri . . . have taught . . .
mathematics and the benefits of reckoning. (1v)

This relegation of mathematics with common knowledge under the rubric

“conventional” does not mean, however, that the focus of Buddhist mathematics is practical,

logical computation. On the contrary, mathematics, as has been seen, though comprised of

opposing aspects, physical and metaphysical, is ultimately unconventional in its methods,

language and objectives. The contradiction is explained by the concept of “non-duality” in

the Middle Way position of the Madhyamaka Buddhist school. As described by Liu in

Madhyamaka Thought in China, knowledge is said to be "non-dual" in that to merely render

a concept into binary opposites is bound to be tentative. This is clear in the term

“mathematics” which in its opposing aspects comprises three distinct concepts, metaphysics,

physics and both metaphysics and physics. For this reason the Middle Way distinguishes

between two truths, supreme and mundane, but understands concepts in terms of "three

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INTRODUCTION

forms of two truths” (Liu 1994: 39-52). In this analysis of knowledge in terms of “three

forms of two truths,” while in conventional terms mathematics contains both physical and

metaphysical aspects, in ultimate terms it is metaphysical. However, political and

philosophical reasons dictated that the scientific conception of knowledge, derived

empirically from the study of nature, should not be the “supreme truth.” As Liu describes,

after Buddhist teachers had minimized the significance of Prajñâpâramitâ and Madhyamaka

or Middle Way schools in the late 5th century A.D., philosophers in the middle of the 6th

century AD were able to re-assimilate the important teachings of these schools by

transcending the parameters of mathematical metaphysics (Liu 1994: 82). They did so by

assigning "three forms of two truths" to that which was said to belong to the mundane realm,

when it had previously been associated with Supreme truth. This created an absolute

metaphysic of 1. Emptiness, 2. Non-duality of "existence" and "emptiness," 3. Neither

"duality" nor "non-duality," and 4. Non-difference of the three forms of two truths" out of

that which belongs to "Supreme Truth” (Liu 1994: 151). In this way, Buddhist "four forms

of two truths" created a metaphysical realm that was beyond the binary coupling of physics

and metaphysics, or beyond the physical realm altogether and in so doing superceded

mathematics.

Nonetheless, even though mathematics is but a minor subject in the classification of

Buddhist sciences and at once removed from the doctrine of supreme truth, its influence is

inescapable. Ultimately, the perception of the nature of the universe, derived from the

empirical study of the heavens, fell under the domain of mathematics. Thus, mathematics

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determined Buddhist philosophy. Numerology shaped the abstract concepts of Buddhist

dharma, e.g., the four noble truths, the seven jewels of royal power, the twelve stages of

dependent origination, and so on. The almanac, determining of good and bad results, fixing

the circumstances of weddings, and a host of activities had direct influence over the lives of

common people. In modern times when Buddhism was all but annihilated in Mongolia, it

was services such as the drawing of natal horoscopes, the almanac, and ritual healing which

remained indispensable. In the late 19th century the missionaries Huc and Gabet recount their

meeting with two Mongols who, having had two horses stolen, ask them to draw their

horoscope, assuming that this was a function of all clergy (1928: 25-27). In the Middle Ages

their fellow priest, Odoric of Pordenone, makes a similar observation when he notes that

upon falling ill one goes to an astrologer or lama “for ‘tis the same” (Yule 1967: 174-175).

In these ways mathematics has maintained its role in Buddhism as arbiter of divine

knowledge.

The influence of mathematics is inescapable in both Christianity and Islam as well,

even though the role of mathematics was much more severely restricted. This was especially

so in Christianity, where by the 8th century mathematical texts were all but eliminated from

libraries (Barton 1994: 70-80). This would begin to change in the 11th and 12th centuries at

least in part due to contact with Islam. Here mathematics, through the influence of Greek

culture, played a more prominent role, but even so, though perhaps more deterministic in

outlook than the Christian church, Islamic monotheism left no room for stellar fatalism, and

the arguments of al-Fârâbî (d.950), Ibn Sînâ (d. 1037) and others against mathematics

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followed very closely with those of Christian theologians such as St. Augustine (Tester,

1987: 151, 157). But in these traditions as well the power of mathematics was irrevocable.

Copernicus’ notion of a solar system was greater than all the worldly power of the Catholic

church to quell it.

If knowledge is power, that which controls time and space holds ultimate authority.

As it was mathematics that controlled time and space, it posed an inherent threat to

government, religion or any other establishment. Thus, in the early 20th century, when

Heisenberg and Bohr were making their case for the uncertainty principle at a conference in

Belgium, Einstein, realizing its rhetorical implications, rejected the principle not on empirical

grounds but as an attempt to destroy determinism (Denis 1996: 153-164). Since 1967 atomic

clocks have redefined time away from the movements of the planets, such that one second

is now known as the duration of 9,192,631,770±20 particular oscillations within a cesium

133 atom. However, that second, sixty to the minute, is derived ultimately from an ancient

Mesopotamian system based on the movements of Jupiter and Saturn (Macey 1989 20).

To sum up, Buddhist mathematics in its relation to pre-modern Western mathematics

and the mathematical traditions of Eurasia is similar to those previously described not only

in name, but in that it entails a much wider scope than modern mathematics, is intrinsically

linked to astrology, comprises both metaphysical and physical aspects, of which it is the

metaphysical that is predominant, and in metaphysics is linked to apotropaic medicine, ritual,

and magic. It brings order from chaos through the creation of the conventions of time, and

so not only plays a vital role in government, but in a restricted sense remains the dominant

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discourse in the determination of reality – in spite of changing classifications and conflicts

inherent in its own contradictory nature and then, historically, with religion. What is more,

the relationship between Buddhist mathematics and the other aforementioned traditions, as

has be seen in the discussion of the manual’s influences, was not only one of natural affinity,

but of shared knowledge.

The natural affinity between Buddhist mathematics and the other scientific traditions

of Eurasia should not be overlooked, for in the contradiction implicit in the concept of

Buddhist mathematics, Greek máthçma, and the others, we see a universal quality of the

language of knowledge, repressed in the rhetoric of Modern Science, which abhors

contradiction, and that is, as the Buddhist discussion of the three forms of two truths

demonstrates, the notion of knowledge is inherently tentative and unstable, as is the order it

creates. In this the evolution of terms of knowledge: mathematics, astrology, astronomy, and

science is not due solely to progress, but simply out of an endless begetting of terms,

whereby the one begets two, the two beget three, and the three beget a myriad of terms all

in the struggle to preserve the foundation of knowledge against a rhetorical vortex pulling

it back to chaos.

First principles

The erasure of mathematics from the history of Western civilization has left it broken

into pieces that are studied individually but which, taken out of proper context, are not well

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understood. Astrology is often portrayed as passing fancy, a prelude to science. The Golden

Bough of James Frazer and Lynn Thorndike’s History of Magic and Experimental Science

are painstakingly gathered treasure troves of the various aspects, facets, and nuances of

magic, but though these authors clearly knew magic when they encountered it, they never

define it. What is far worse has been the treatment of ritual. In the early days of

anthropology, at the turn of the twentieth century, the language of ritual was discussed in

terms of evolution, not only of science, but of the species and now tends to be discussed in

what are referred to as “emic” terms, that is, to culturally specific categories, without the

“etic” emphasis on universals.21

This is most unfortunate for in avoiding universals, scholars will never know

mathematics. O. Neugebauer, as skeptical as any scholar of attempts to reach “synthesis”

and convinced that specialization is the only basis of sound knowledge, wrote that even so,

“in the study of astrology, ancient mathematics one is compelled to the universal, synthetic,

by the nature of the thing itself”(Neugebauer 1968: vii). As it is the specific function of

mathematics to form order from chaos, mathematics faces the void – so that philosophers

who perceive no inherent or “objective” reality, don’t have to. Whether the void is

ultimately real or merely imaginary is another issue, but, in terms of phenomenon, the void

is the one true quality of nature. It is commonly referred to as primordial chaos, for there has

always been an order set against it. However, just because order exists, does not mean that

21
For the evolutionary theory, see the works of Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, in particular, How
Natives Think, 1985. Some “emic” theorists are F. Boaz, Husserl, L. Wittgenstein, and M.
Heidegger.

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INTRODUCTION

the void goes away forever. The void surrounds us always. Though within the womb of

culture we are shielded from the void and so it appears not to exist, step outside that

protective fold and there it is. When the storm is on the ocean and the ship is sinking, all

distinction between air and water is lost. When you are drowning you can not see fish.

When you are lost in the forest there are no birds or trees or rocks, all is one and

undifferentiated. This is the void. This is what mathematics must tame.

For mathematics, as for any individual, the only way to do so is by arbitrarily fixing

a point – any point will do. By fixing an arbitrary point one perceives an endless array of

distinct points. But there is no rationality. Rationality comes by conceiving of a universal.

In this, the movement of the sun from point to point, sunrise, sunset, sunrise, sunset, is

universal. The full moon is universal. The movements of the planets and the stars are

universal. By these successive points the parameters of a rational universe come into focus,

a time and space continuum in three dimensions.

In this transformation from one and undifferentiated to multiplicity and order, it is

the arbitrary term that is crucial, for without some arbitrary action on the part of the observer,

there is no knowledge. All remains chaos. Yet, all is not arbitrary, for through the arbitrary

one finds objective reality, the universals which lead to rationality. Hence, it is the arbitrary

term that links order and chaos inextricably, symbiotically. And so, through language,

society, culture and so on, arbitrary elements are passed from one to another and from

generation to generation. These are essential to forming the matrix of rational order into

which we are born. In the light of the rationality afforded by the matrix around him, the

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INTRODUCTION

philosopher looks at his world and seeing only the arbitrary terms, says there are no

universals. To the extent that we share conceptions in common with others, he says that we

can be said to have merely reached an agreement as to the nature of the phenomenal world.

But he does not see that without universals, the very rationality by which he repudiates

universals could not exist and that what we share with others everywhere is, if not universals,

then the void.

To understand Buddhist mathematics, not only is an absolute standard necessary, but

manifest in the nature of mathematics, itself. The way to understand Buddhist mathematics

is through the problem of reckoning time, the making of the calendar. Whether this is the

absolute standard for understanding every knowledge system everywhere and always is

debatable, though it is intuitive that this might be so. However, when it comes to Buddhist

mathematics and the mathematical traditions of Eurasia, this problem and its influence on

rhetoric is shared. We see it in the writings of sages who tell us outright that the creation of

order from chaos comes through time (Sivin 1976: 514). But we see it most certainly in that

perfect knowledge, the ability of prediction and retrodiction, is represented in mathematics

as the product of the perfection of time, that is, knowledge of the positions of bodies in

conjunction.

Calendrical science consists of reckoning three naturally reoccurring cycles, the day,

month (about 29.5 days) and year (about 365.25 days or 12.3 months). As these are

incommensurate with each other the problem of the calendar maker is to find a multiple in

days (the shortest natural cycle and hence the prime unit of measure) of both the month and

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INTRODUCTION

the year. As Libbrecht explains in his monograph on Chinese mathematics, “if a day has

duration D, month duration L, and year duration Y, the general problem is as follows:

suppose that at a certain moment there have passed a total amount of days plus a remainder

(r1), a total amount of months plus a remainder (r2), a total amount of years plus a remainder

(r3); there is to be found a certain moment when r1 = r2 = r3 = 0”(Libbrecht 1973: 368). The

problem is exacerbated by the fact that the remainders can not be determined precisely by any

absolute measure. The measure of time by the gnomon, a stick planted in the ground,

measures the movement of the sun’s shadow back and forth along the span, marked by

equally spaced intervals, hours. These units are variable, meaning there is no place or season

at which the shadow lengths occur at equal intervals of time as measured by a water-clock

or clepsydra, which is derived from making a bowl of such size that given a hole in the

bottom it will fill with water in the period approximating the mean average of all the hour

units along the gnomon over the course of a year (Fleet 1915: 213-215; Stone 1981: 182;

Neugebauer 1947: 37-43). When measured by the gnomon the hour is defined by the

occasion or moment the shadow reaches the mark. When measured by the clepsydra the hour

is defined by the duration it takes to fill the bowl. Because these two measurements are

apparently incommensurate, the gnomon, commonly used to measure time during the day,

is said to define a “true or apparent” representation of time, whereas a clock, commonly used

to measure time during the night, defines a “mean or abstract” representation (Falk 2000:

109). While time appears in nature to exist from the conjunction of opposing bodies in

succession, that interval, as a unit of time, is incommensurate with any unit given by a system

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INTRODUCTION

in which time is absolute. Thus, when it comes to determining the position of one celestial

body in relation to another, for instance, the sun and the moon, one cannot find a time

constant which would forever show the relationship between the opposing bodies in terms

of their position. Rather the apparent position of the two leaves not only a remainder in

terms of time measured by a clock, but a remainder that is apparently irrational, that is,

regresses to infinity. The question mathematicians face is which of these two ways of

measuring time is ultimate, that is, reflects the ultimate state of nature? Are the apparently

irrational remainders due to the grossness of their instruments or is this simply the way of

nature, itself, and the precision of their measurements irrelevant?

Those who believe that the universe is ultimately determinate hold that the problem

can be solved if the method of computation is sufficiently refined. All that is needed is the

perfect clock. To them the ultimate method of measuring time is in terms of duration. For

them time means duration. Those who believe that the universe is ultimately indeterminate,

take the measure of time according to the gnomon as ultimate. To them time is ultimately

instantaneous.

From this fundamental perception of the nature of the universe, everything follows.

If the remainders are not ultimately irrational, then the universe is rational. It is finite, with

width and breadth, beginning and end, all of which may be objectively measured. It is

logical, that is, there are not two incommensurate ways of telling time at the same time, but

only one, absolute time, duration. The instant is but an atomic unit of duration. The universe

is mechanical, that is, it functions according laws of physics, which can be known. The

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system which holds this view of the nature of the universe can be said to be optimistic, in

that at the end of the pursuit of knowledge will come a perfect state of harmony with nature,

utopia. Such a system is progress-minded, and dead set against tradition, the arbitrary terms

passed down from generation to generation out of ignorance of the laws of nature. The void,

to the optimist, is but imaginary. There is no such thing as chance. There is no such thing

as free will. There is only perfect moral order.

If the remainders are ultimately irrational, then the universe is ultimately irrational.

It is infinite, that is, it cannot be known by finite measure. It is contradictory, not logical, that

is, at any given time every one thing may be known dually, in two opposing, incommensurate

ways. How one sees, in terms of the instant or in terms of duration, is merely subjective.

Time is relative, interdependent with space and the point of view of the observer. The instant

is literally metaphysical, that is, beyond measure or the laws of physics. The system which

holds this view of the nature of the universe can be said to be nihilistic, in that at the end of

the pursuit of knowledge comes no fulfillment to one’s quest. Such a system is stasis-

oriented, tradition-minded. The void is real. Causation is paradoxical, but ultimately

random. Chance presupposes free will.

It should be noted, these merely logical, empirical implications have a limited utility

in understanding the intellectual history of any people, let alone their political history.

Institutions and philosophies are more complex. A philosophy derived from the problem of

time meets numerous obstacles which reveal its limitations. For instance, in order to be true

to the notion of a rational universe, the philosopher would have to deny the existence of the

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INTRODUCTION

circle, for pi is an irrational number. This, in fact, is easy to do as all geometric figures, the

point, line, plane and so on, are imaginary, ideal, not found in nature. However, in doing so

the philosopher is forced to say the earth is flat. As it is, the concept of pi does not stem

directly from the problem of time. It stems from number theory. The subject at hand has

two/three names, astrology/astronomy, which imply a basis in time and the stars, and

mathematics, which implies a basis in number. The great Khwarizmian polymath, Al-Bîrûni

(c. 973-1048), who in his travels in India met with the notion that the instant is infinite,

duration finite, quoted a Greek notion that limitation applies to the instant, not duration, for

a thing which can be numbered is finite, while duration is infinite (Sachau 1971: 319). For

Al-Bîrûni the basis is again number, not the empirical study of the movements of celestial

bodies according to a gnomon versus a clock, and so he derives a completely contradictory

notion of infinity. Logic for logic’s sake yields only such oppositions. We can know

everything, or we can know nothing. If reality is somewhere in between, it is completely

lost. Indeed these nihilistic and deterministic arguments are precisely that upon which

Buddha refused to give a definite opinion, the two extremes he warned monks to avoid (Liu

1994: 7-9). Nonetheless, even though the problem of time is limited to its logical utility, as

the key to the study of mathematics, it is a proper litmus for examining knowledge systems,

for the problem of time is empirical in nature, historically relevant, and so may be used,

indeed must be used, as the best possible standard by which to study the scientific traditions

of different peoples.

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INTRODUCTION

Structure of the Manual

Indeterminancy

As for the structure of the manual, it makes reference to the point of view by which

it was composed as follows:

If one were to say that the tenets found in edicts, those of Nagarjuna and of
the other supreme sages are different from [what is taught here], it is because
it was taught in the sutras that in times of calamity the sun and moon will lose
their way [among the stars], but the weather of the years, months and quarter
hours will agree (4r).

This statement overtly refers to the distinction between sidereal and tropical points of view.

From a sidereal perspective, due to the precession of the equinoxes, the sun and moon lose

their way from time to time, but even so from a tropical perspective, the seasons remain the

same. It is in essence a statement of deterministic chaos. However, underlying this in reply

to the question “why do these systems vary?” is the view that the cause of the discrepancy

between calculation and nature is due to nature and not the calculations. In this, the manual

expresses the point of view that the ultimate nature of the universe is indeterminate.

This point of view is common not only in Buddhist sources, but in Chinese

mathematics as well. When asked why the sages cannot discover computational constants

precise enough to be used forever, the famous Han dynasty mathematician, Jia Kui, in AD

92 explains, “the Celestial Way being irregular, lacking uniformity, there are bound to be

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remainders. These remainders will have their own disparities, which cannot be made

uniform” (Sivin1986: 157-158).

This is in contrast to the deterministic point of view as given in Ptolemy’s

Tetrabiblos:

The more observant farmers and herdsmen, indeed, conjecture, from the
winds prevailing at the time of impregnation and of the sowing of the seed,
the quality of what will result. . . . Things that are not of so general a nature,
however, are comprehended by those who have by necessity become used to
making observations, as, for instance, sailors know the special signs of storms
and winds that arise periodically by reason of the aspects of the moon and
fixed stars to the sun. Yet because they cannot in their ignorance accurately
know the times and places of these phenomena, nor the periodic movements
of the planets . . . . it happens that they often err. If, then, a man knows
accurately the movements of all the stars, the sun, and the moon, so that
neither the place nor the time of any of their configurations escapes his notice
. . . . what is to prevent him from being able to tell on each given occasion the
characteristics of the air . . . . Why can he not, too, with respect to an
individual man, perceive the general quality of his temperament from the
ambient at the time of his birth . . . ? (Ptolemy 1980: 10-12)

Time

In keeping with the notion of an indeterminate universe, in the manual time tends to

be represented in its “true or apparent” aspect, that is, known by a gnomon or sun dial, not

a clock, such that events tend to be defined by the instant or moment of their occurrence and

not their duration. The prominence of this point of view is well-documented in Buddhist

sources, which, maintain that it is the instantaneous quality of time – not duration – that

indicates the ultimate nature of the universe. Indeed, to Buddhists the instantaneousness of

being is the ultimately real thing; the only thing in the universe which is a non-construction,

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a non-fiction, the real basis of all constructions (Stcherbatsky 1958: 79-114, esp., 106). This

is in contrast to the prominence of the concept of absolute time in Western civilization prior

to the works of people such as Einstein, Bohr and Heisenberg. In A Brief History of Time

Stephen Hawking notes this as follows:

Both Aristotle and Newton believed in absolute time. That is, they believed
that one could unambiguously measure the interval of time between two
events, and that this time would be the same whoever measured it, provided
they used a good clock. Time was completely separate from and independent
of space. (18)

In the manual reference to the day, month, year, units of time, and so on, is given in

terms of uèiral (occasion), tokiyaldul (coincidence) and interval (¯a(ur-a), as in the passage,

"In the interval [of the second month] the hawk will mate” (9r). The measure of time is

according to a stick, the gnomon, referred to in the manual as dolo(an qubi-tu modun (stick

with seven portions). The term for the instant is gšan, a Sanskrit term, kshana, which comes

to the Mongols via Uygur (Lessing 388). It is defined in the manual as, "the time it takes an

arrow shot by a marksman to pierce a leaf" (5r). The term is used in connection with another

term, the da(un "sound," which is defined as “the sound which is emitted by the act of the

arrow piercing the leaf. It is equal to the length of the act itself” (5r). There is a difference

in the two terms in that the latter is associated with duration, while the former remains

unqualified. Whether these two terms are given in this was to represent the distinction

between instant and duration is not explicit, but likely. The issue remains uncertain in that

various sects within Buddhism argued whether the empirical reality of the instant was valid

or not and about how it should be expressed. In the Abhidharmakoúa, for instance, a realistic

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or pluralistic work of the early Abhidharmika school, the instant is defined only in terms of

duration. It is “the limit of time” and quantified as follows: “According to the

Abhidharmikas, there are sixty-five instants in the time that it takes a healthy man to snap

his fingers” (Vasubandhu, v. 2, 1988: 474). Even so, in Abhidharma Buddhist philosophy

as well as in later “absolutist” systems, the Madhyamika and those which stem from it, the

kshana is said to be understood as both a measure of time, “the brief moment,” on the one

hand and as the “moment without duration” on the other. This moment without duration is

described by Braj Sinha as “the ideal condition of freedom or transcendence.”22 The

Mongols of Ordos around the time this manual appears to have been written followed the

tradition of the Gomang School of the ’Bras-spungs monastery, founded by Jam-yang-zhad-

pa (1648-1722).23 If a definitive answer to this question can be reached, perhaps it is in the

tenets of this tradition.

Reckoning of time by water clock, usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui (counting the days by

water [i.e., a water clock]) is referred to tangentially in the manual as one of numerous ways

of making an intercalary month (3v). Also, time is conceived of as cyclical rather than the

linear conception of the Greeks. The system, based on the Chinese sexagenary cycle

comprised of ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly branches, often used to count years, and

22
For a discussion of the kshana for the Abhidharmika school see Braj M. Sinha, p.
3. For references to the term in Buddhist schools in general, see Stcherbatsky pp. 108-110
and Kloetzli, pp. 137-155.
23
Stcherbatsky states “All Mongolia follows the tradition of the Gomang School“
(57).

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days, months, in the manual counts months and hours. Hypothetically, these cycles nest, ever

increasing, ever decreasing, all the way up, and down, to infinity.24

Finally, time is relative. The manual states that whereas the interval between the

breaths of an ignorant commoner is four seconds, for the gods, the interval is 360 times

longer or 24 minutes. This follows an Indian custom in which the “time of the gods” is 360

times longer than that of man; thus one sidereal year is a day and a night to the gods (Burgess

1859: 152; Stone 1981: 52-53). Relative time and especially “time of the gods” is

commonplace in antiquity. For the Hindus the “day of Brahma” equals 1,000 yogas or four

eons (Macey 1989: 43). Psalm 90 in the Bible reads, “For a thousand years in [God’s] sight

are but as yesterday when it is past, or as a watch in the night.” St. Augustine, following a

Jewish tradition, took this passage out of context, applied it to the creation story in Genesis

in which the world is created in seven days to reckon the world was not more than 6,000

years old, by his reckoning, 5611 years from creation to the taking of Rome by the Goths.25

It should be noted that in China, where mathematics is very ancient and diverse, not

everyone agreed with the idea of astronomical indeterminancy (Sivin1986: 157-158). Nor

in Buddhism. Realists raised an objection that if the point-instant cannot be known by

physical means, it must be nothing but a construction in thought, a mere name without any

24
Concerning the Chinese system, Schipper and Wang state that in Chinese thought
the universe is apprehended as an infinity of nesting time cycles which may be manipulated
as though they were interchangeable (1986: 185; cf. also Sivin 1986: 152).
25
Another example is James Ussher’s 17th century retrodiction of genesis to 9:00 a.m.,
October 23, 4004 BC (Macey 1989: 48-50).

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INTRODUCTION

corresponding reality. The orthodox response to this was that the mathematical point-instant

is real since it is established in science. The astronomer makes it the basis of all his

computations (Stcherbatsky 1958: 106). Likewise in the West and in Islam not all agreed

that time is absolute. In his theory of relativity, published at the beginning of the 20th

century, Albert Einstein used experiments to demonstrate the “true or apparent” nature of

time. Shortly thereafter, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle disproved the basis of Western

determinism.

Nonetheless, time is regarded by modern physicists and the ancient sages alike as the

basis for the most influential and deep-seeded ideas in society (Sivin 1976: 514). As a

dominant discourse, the absolute distinction between the perception of time as instant and

time as duration lives on in the languages and cultures of peoples. In English the word

“time,” depending on context, can be used to refer either to time as instant or time as

duration. This conflation of meanings occurs as well in the case of the Mongolian word for

time, èa(. However, in context “time” cannot mean both “instant” and “duration” at the

same time, but must stand for one or the other. In English if one says, “I have no time,” the

meaning is that one is very busy. In modern Khalkha Mongolian the phrase yamar ch tsag

baikhgui (I have no time), means that one is not busy. This is because whereas in English

“time” is perceived ultimately in terms of duration, in Mongolian èa(, implies an occasion

or instant. The literal meaning of Mongolian èa( is “hour,” and so another translation of the

phrase above would be “the hour (to do something else) is not yet upon me.” In Mongolian

leisure is defined instead by space, èilöge.

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In another example, if one were to ask the age of a Mongolian person, one would find

that the Mongolian person is a year older than a person from the West born on the same date.

To ask a Mongol why this is so, the common answer is that a certain kei ¯il “air or empty

year” passes before one is born – because the child spends almost one year in the womb.

This, however, likely refers to the ten month lunar year, which was associated with the term

of pregnancy not only in Middle Mongolian sources (Rybatzki 2003: 260), but also in

Chinese culture as well,26 for nine months does not make a solar year, nor approximate one

closely. Rather, the varying ways of counting, either from the moment of the child’s birth,

or from the first anniversary of the child’s birth, reflect the perception of the ultimate nature

of time as instant or duration, for if one counts age in terms of the instant or occasion, the

moment of the child’s birth is the first year. It is common practice to mark the child’s birth

with a nativity showing the positions of the planets at the time of birth. If one counts age in

terms of duration, the child’s first year is her first anniversary. It is common practice to

indicate the time of the child’s birth by the time on a clock. This difference is sometimes

described as inclusive versus exclusive and ultimately arbitrary. However, knowing that the

two approaches are incommensurate with corresponding rhetorical implications that follow,

clearly it is not arbitrary.

Space

26
The Greco-Roman calendar also had ten lunar months, associated with the period
of human gestation (Macey 1989: 29).

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While time in the manual is “true or apparent,” position is abstract, derived through

numerical sequencing in the following ways: 1) according to the twelve animals of the

Chinese zodiac (see table IV.19). Here the deity Šitügen eke is said to reside “in the Cock

place,” during the first month of the year, “the Ox place” during the second month, and so

on (see table IV.8a.2). 2) Relative position. The twenty-eight Hindu nakshatra are divided

such that seven are said to be in the east, seven in the south, and so on. These are arranged

according to their relative position in the sky. It does not account for their movement across

the sky over the course of the year. Nor does it account for the precession of the equinoxes.

Rather, their orientation is fixed in a traditional way beginning with Kerteg (S. Kr}ttik~), the

Pleiades, in ascendent in the east at the time of the vernal equinox. This arrangement would

have been correct at about 2300 B.C. but not possible after 1800 B.C. 3) Pattern. The

position of the stars and planets, themselves metaphysical beings more than celestial bodies,

is determined by pattern. For instance, Tayisui (Ch. Taisui), the Chinese year star, Jupiter,

is described as moving in a consistent pattern over the course of a year, but at an inconsistent

interval from month to month. Beginning in the south, it remains for three months, then

moves clockwise to the west, where it remains for three months; then it moves on to the

north, and spends the final three months of the year in the east. This is not the way a celestial

body moves. Indeed Tayisui is not so much a celestial body as it is a demon or spirit.

Chinese Taisui, the year star, as yin, a counterpart to the planet Jupiter, yang, is said to have

originated in the Warring States period (475-221 BC) when mathematicians, noticing the

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irregularities of the movement of Jupiter, sometimes progressing, sometimes stationary and

sometimes retrograding, invented an imaginary Counter-Jupiter to move uniformly in the

opposite direction from east to west. At that time the stations of Jupiter were used in the

calendar to denote the year, but because of its uniformity, it was convenient to use the

position of Counter-Jupiter for this purpose instead. Due to the precession of the equinoxes

and the sidereal period of Jupiter being 11.86 instead of the perfect 12 years, as the true

Jupiter cycle would fall out of harmony with Counter-Jupiter, every 84.7 years or so, it would

be said that Counter-Jupiter by-passed a station. In this the movement of Counter-Jupiter,

as opposed to true Jupiter was perfect in its abstraction. Eventually, after Jupiter-stations

were no longer used in the making of the calendar, the movement of Counter-Jupiter (still

found in Chinese almanacs even today), being an imaginary planet, bore no relation to the

movement of planet Jupiter whatsoever. Its position became a mere pattern, an occult

doppelgänger (Ch. xuanxiang/hsüan hsiang [Ho 2003: 32-33; Major 1993: 41; Schafer 1977:

3]).27

These abstract representations of position belie the common view that astrologers

used the empirical positions of the planets to discern the fate of human beings.28 In fact, in

27
About this time, a Pythagorean mathematician in Greece, Philolaus of Tarentum (c.
480-400 BC), in order to make the number of heavenly bodies conform to the perfect number
ten, invented a “counter-earth.” In his scheme the sun, moon, earth, five planets, the sphere
of stars and “counter-earth” all revolved around a central fire. The “central fire” and
“counter-earth” were hidden, he explained because the face of the earth inhabited by men
was always turned away from them (Ho 2000: 6).
28
Tester, for instance, defines astrology as “the interpretation and prognostication of
events on earth, and of men’s characters and dispositions from the measurement and plotting

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general, it is just the opposite. Astrologers use an abstract, non-empirical determination of

the planets' position to perform divination. Besides Buddhist mathematics, this is found,

though not uniformly, in Chinese, Indian, Turkish and Old Babylonian mathematics as well.29

It was Stoic philosophers in the 3rd century B.C. who, from a deterministic point of

view by which such contradictory methods of prediction were seen as false, adopted a new

system of astrology in which they would attempt to use the actual positions of the planets to

make predictions.30 What seems to have spurred the Greeks to this notion were advances in

computational mathematics, in particular, geometry. Not only did geometry give them

greater ability to compute position, its requisite for proof validated the notion of a logical

universe. In squaring the circle, doubling the cube, and so on, mathematical logic and

of the movements and relative positions of the heavenly bodies, of the stars and planets,
including among the latter the sun and moon” (Tester 1987: 11).
29
In Chinese mathematics, where there is great diversity in systems, there was a
considerable effort to incorporate true positions of celestial bodies into the predictions of
“chance” events. The common practice for divination was “motion prevails over color, color
over position, holding position over lack of position; color over absence of color” (Schafer
1977: 64). However, in practice it was the abstract qualities of bodies, their element, color,
direction and so on, that were used to make predictions (Sivin 1969: 3-4; Shigeru 1966: 446-
449). In ancient Mesopotamia, omina, predictions do not depend on celestial observation at
all. Moreover, prediction is conceived of as qualitatively different from empirical work.
While astrologers’ predictions might have been ridiculed, no evidence shows Mesopotamian
scholars ever tried to verify the results of the predictions with experiments (Koch-
Westenholz 1995: 13-21; Rochberg-Halton 1988: 4).

30
What is usually meant when speaking of the movement of the stars is their diurnal
motions, plotting where they are day by day. Mathematical ability for the observation of the
proper motions of the celestial bodies was not discovered until the time of Edmund Halley
(18th century [Neugebauer, vol. 1, 1975: 1-4; Bobrovnikoff 1990: x]).

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deductive proof go beyond what is perceptible. This carried Greek geometry far beyond its

predecessors (Burkert 1972: 423). By Plato’s time geometric mathematics was already so

developed, it had begun to threaten nihilism as the dominant discourse in mathematics

(Burkert 1972: 427).

The astrological system developed by the Greeks in which the actual positions of the

planets are taken into account is known today in technical terms as genethlialogical

astrology.31 Commonly the system is known as the “horoscope” (though the term

"horoscope" is a misnomer as the term actually refers to the ascendant). It is the form of

astrology commonly practiced in the West today. In his Tetrabiblos, the most famous Stoic

astrologer, Ptolemy, makes clear the distinction between this new mathematics and that of

indeterminate systems, as follows:

"What can be properly comprehended we shall investigate, not by means of

numbers (where no account of causes can be given) but through the proper
observing of the configurations of the stars with relation to their houses."
(Tester 1987: 65)

This passage, though perhaps some 1600 years older, rejects the very qualities which

characterize the manual.32 What this passage means is that, considering it actually possible

to determine one’s fate according to the position of the planets, we no longer make up those

31
Genethlialogical astrology probably came to the Greeks from the Chaldeans.
Tradition has it Berosus brought it in the 4th century B.C. Cf. Tester, p. 16. For the
Babylonians the empirical position of the planets was not used in their celestial divination.
The planets were given as malefic or benefic. Cf. Rochberg, p. 10.
32
Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos was known in China from the Tang period (Schafer 1977:
11).

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positions artificially through divination, but empirically, through observation and

computation.

In the astrology of the Stoics the positions of the stars could not yet be determined

such that they would render perfect knowledge (nor have they ever been so determined). For

this reason the new system was by no means understood to be perfect. Ptolemy, himself,

notes this in Tetrabiblos (Ptolemy 1980: 3-19). Thus, in practice genethlialogical astrology

reverts back to divination, pure and simple. However in rhetoric, this had at least two

important implications. First, it denied free will. Second, it rejected the inherent

contradiction between the metaphysical and physical modes of mathematics, and thus,

opened the methods of divining mathematicians to a scrutiny they could not bear, verification

through experiment. If the universe is ultimately determinate and the function of the

astrologer is to give accurate predictions, then the idea of "perfect" predictions implies

improvement of the astrologer's methods. Thus, a common claim of astrologers in a

deterministic system was that, although what they were attempting was possible, their

methods simply were not yet perfected. For this reason they would tend to abandon old

methods in favor of new ones (Geneva 1995: xvi). Ironically, Ptolemy wrote the passage

cited above in his Tetrabiblos, which is more astrology-oriented in its subject matter than

his other, more famous work, the astronomy-minded Almagest. While keeping these two

works distinct is sometimes attributed to Ptolemy's good sense, the distinction is also in

keeping with an established tradition throughout the ancient world of separating the two

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astrological modes, empirical and non-empirical, a tradition his new approach doomed to end

in Western civilization.

To be sure, the practice of divination according to the true positions of celestial

bodies is known in both Chinese mathematics and the star calculation system (Tib. skar-rtsis)

of Buddhist mathematics, which derives from the deterministic system of the Greeks (TEDP,

415; Cornu 1997: 127). Thus, one might assume that the reason the manual uses abstract

representation and not the empirical positions of the ephemeridae in making predictions is

simply due to an author’s ignorance of the ability to empirically calculate those positions.

However, there are other factors to consider. The abstract representation of position found

in the manual is commonplace in Buddhist divination manuals. The celestial bodies are

perceived not as physical entities but as metaphysical, occult, or supernatural. Moreover, if

one does not maintain that the universe is deterministic nor time absolute as is typically the

case in Buddhism, then there is no reason to believe that the positions of the ephemeridae can

be perfectly determined such that the fate of man might ever be known (Cornu 1997: 45-46).

Most importantly, stellar determinism denies freewill. These factors indicate that the abstract

representation of position is likely intentional and inherent to the rhetoric of the system.

Physics and Metaphysics

Although the manual tends to be a metaphysical representation of the universe, it also

describes physical processes. For example, it describes the motion of the sun throughout the

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course of a year, noting the solstices and the equinoxes and commensurate changes in the

amount of daylight and darkness from month to month. It notes changes in the weather and

biological processes such as the season certain plants bloom, the time fish mate, when birds

migrate, the month the tiger bears its young.

In so doing, it takes what in Buddhism is known as a “non-dual” approach to the

question of the interrelationship between the physical and metaphysical realms. Given two

incommensurate ways of seeing the universe, in terms of the metaphysical instant and in

terms of physical duration, every one thing can be known in two opposing ways. However,

assuming that the remainders are due to the nature of the universe and not computation, then

it is the metaphysical aspect that predominates. In this duality is conceived of differently

from an indeterminate point of view than from the deterministic point of view. For the

determinist, things are either one or another, male or female, positive or negative. From an

indeterminate point of view, as born out by the concepts of yin and yang, things are both

positive and negative at the same time. That aspect of the thing which is positive is both

positive and negative. That which is positive of that which is positive has both positive and

negative aspects and so on to infinity, such that every one thing is, in a sense, a universe

within a universe. It is only the condition at a given time, the occasion, which determines

which of the binaries is valid.

One implication of this difference in the perception of duality is reflected in the

conception of specialization and the branches of knowledge. In an indeterminate system, the

institution of mathematics divides into two branches, one representing the metaphysical

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aspect of the universe, the other representing the physical aspect. However, these two

branches are not distinct, but, rather, interrelate, so that both the system and its two branches

are each a microcosm of the universe. Their scope ranges a continuum from chaos to order.

Thus, if each branch is a microcosm of the whole, each branch has both a physical and

metaphysical aspect, so that one branch can only be distinguished from another, as physical

or metaphysical, by a tendency or bent to that extreme. Ultimately, however, as it is the

metaphysical representation of time that is perceived to reveal the true nature of the universe,

the rhetoric of mathematics is metaphysical.

When it comes to specialization this “non-dual” organization of mathematics takes

on an unusual appearance. As such, knowledge associated with the system tends to be an

unconventional knowledge distinct from common knowledge.33 Because of this distinction

there is a tendency to confuse the common knowledge of a people with the knowledge given

in their scientific literature, as if the scientific literature represents the pinnacle of the

people's learning. Thus it is assumed the people must have been extremely ignorant of the

physical world. Consequently, we are continually amazed to find archeological evidence that

ancient peoples actually knew the physical world well in terms of vital processes, chemical

interactions, mechanical functions, and so on. This is because knowledge of this kind was

conventional and need have nothing to do with mathematics, which, even in empirical

33
In making the distinction between knowledge and transcendent knowledge or “non-
knowledge” Buddhist texts refer to knowledge as that which belongs to an “ignorant
commoner” (M. bertegèin köbegün). See Liu 1994: 39-52.

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studies, dealt with unconventional subjects, such as the positions of the planets and lists of

stars.34

Thus, while it is the physical realm and its challenges that require specialization, as

the branches of knowledge are ultimately metaphysical and represented as such, in this

metaphysical aspect, there is no apparent difference between the branches of knowledge. In

this way divination is the basis for every specialist. In the same way, genres dovetail into one

another. The study of the stars interrelates with the study of medicine, for the stars are gods

and demons (gods dovetail with demons), and gods and demons cause illness. Medicine and

magic dovetail, for illness is caused and cured by magic. Magic dovetails with ritual, and

so on.

Contradiction

What divides metaphysics from physics is contradiction pure and simple. In the

manual contradiction is implicit in numerous ways. In one example, the twenty-eight

nakshatra are systematized five different ways according to their element. The elements

themselves are both the five elements predominant in Chinese mathematics and the four

elements predominant in Indian and Western mathematics. Each systematization is different.

Throughout the manual, there is no one express technology for any problem. There are

34
As Sivin says, “linking alchemy with chemistry only causes confusion. The aim of
the effort was not knowledge but transcendence. The chemical discoveries themselves were
by-products” (Sivin 1986:154).

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various ways to calculate the day, the week, the month, the intercalary month, the New Year

and so on. By offering multiple, contradictory technologies, the manual offers no semblance

of a physical order, which by its very nature, would appear logical and imperfect. Secondly,

contradiction is inherent in the way predictions are made within the framework of time. As

every event can be defined by any term across the spectrum of temporal units, while the day

might be auspicious, the month or hour might not be, and so on. What is more, in the

following passage the manual gives an explicit example of how physics are transformed to

metaphysics:

In general, when making any of these calculations, one needs to know

unerringly which day to drop. Knowing this, one should examine the star and
the lunar mansions throughout one's lifetime with one's eyes. Thus, one must
also know the moon, how it conforms to the nakshatra, when it is new, when
it waxes full and when it wanes. When one knows this, one needs to know
the number of the moon. Also, if one is confused and uncertain about a
certain star or nakshatra, or does not know these things because clouds have
covered the sky, then the way to learn these things is as follows: Having
risen early the following day, upon washing one's hands and face, putting on
a new robe and adopting a pious frame of mind, if one goes out in the
direction one desires, the sign will be: if that day is the Wood star (Thursday)
one will meet a magician or a physician, or, if not, one will meet a man on a
bay horse. If it is the Sun star (Sunday) one will meet an older man or a
woman who is riding a white horse wearing a white robe and leading a white
dog. . . (4r-4v)

Logic

While in a determinate system, logic rules above all, in an indeterminate universe

logic has a limited function. The rhetoric of mathematics as a whole aims at universal

harmony, not logical consistency (Smith, Richard 1991: 51). By definition the metaphysical

realm, as it appears in nature, is not logical, and so, in representing the universe as it appears

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in nature, the rhetoric of mathematics intentionally breaks the law of contradiction, the

excluded middle term. Paradoxically, this is the consistent way to represent an illogical

universe.

This paradox has befuddled scholars accustomed to the rhetoric of Western science,

which rejects such contradiction. For the anthropologist Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, the most

incredible aspect of primitive culture was the frequency with which one found the law of

contradiction broken in “primitive” ritual and what would otherwise be considered science.

This led him to conclude that the science of these peoples is rooted in an "archaic" or "pre-

logical" type of thinking (Levy-Bruhl 1985: 78). While Lévy-Bruhl is correct in highlighting

the breaking of the law of contradiction as significant in ritual and non-Western science, his

conclusion was based on a false premise. The ideology of Social Darwinism formulated by,

among others, Herbert Spencer, which Levy-Bruhl had come to accept, derived from a

Newtonian universe ruled by logic and absolute time (Levy-Bruhl 1985: xiii). Not only is

this view of the universe not necessarily shared by other peoples, in Levy-Bruhl’s own day

it was challenged by Einstein and rejected by Heisenberg and Bohr.

Because the world is not perfect, logical nor rational, contradiction exists for any

people. However, the suppression of the great contradictions, as in that between physics and

metaphysics, science and religion, creates subtle inconsistencies of its own. Ironically,

assuming that Buddhist mathematics represents an illogical universe and that Modern

Science represents a universe that is logical, the rhetoric of Western science is in ways less

consistent in holding to the principles of its point of view than is Buddhist mathematics.

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This is in part because, as strict determinism denies freewill, the loss of freewill being more

objectionable than contradiction, it has to be ameliorated by rationales that have no empirical

basis. For instance, though strict determinism maintains that sufficient knowledge of the

positions of the planets will allow firm predictions of the fate of human beings, to lessen the

blow of fatalism, a common conception of Western astrology, quoted by Francis Bacon was

“the stars incline, they do not compel” (Tester 1987: 2). In this way the heavy burden for

scientific proof forces the rhetoric of determinism away from strict logic to mere empirical

generalization. Thus, because no stellar fatalism is commonly perceived, it is generally held

that the stars have no influence. This may be true, but in Buddhist mathematics one finds

adherence to the first principles of science just the same. Logic demands that, assuming time

is the basis by which all knowledge derives, the ability to reckon the positions of the planets

perfectly is prerequisite to predicting and retrodicting the causal chain, including the fate of

human beings. If we do not have that ability, then there is no causal chain. We can know

nothing. Any other position is illogical. This was true four thousand years ago, and it is still

true today, even though the universe appears so much bigger and our knowledge of it is so

much better than it was when traditional mathematics was the dominant discourse.

While Levy-Bruhl’s theory was keen but wrongheaded, other theories about non-

Western science often lack perspicuity. Jung, for example, writes in Synchronicity, “For the

primitive mind . . . . there is no such thing as chance. No accident, no illness, no death is .

. . . attributable to ‘natural’ causes. Everything is somehow due to magical influence” (Jung

1973: 85). Here Jung, on the one hand, seeing a logical universe, fails to recognize the

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paradoxical nature of causation and so takes the rhetoric of non-Western science too literally.

On the other hand, inconsistent in the rhetoric of a logical universe, he wrongly assumes that

“for the primitive mind . . . . there is no such thing as chance.” Rather, it is for the “modern

mind” that is, the logical, deterministic mind, which discounts magical influence, that there

is no such thing as chance. Claude Levi-Strauss makes a similar error when he writes

“magical thought is . . . distinguished from science not by ignorance of determinism but by

imperious uncompromising demand for it, which can be regarded as unreasonable” (Levi-

Strauss 1966: 10-11). In assuming that the rhetoric of non-Western science postulates a

complete and all-embracing determinism that Modern Science does not, Levi-Strauss looks

at foreign science ideally but Modern Science only in a vulgar way. To compare both on an

equal footing he would have to acknowledge the imperious determinism of Modern Science.

For this he would not need to think merely in abstraction. The rhetoric of strict determinism

courses through the veins of Western civilization, from antiquity to the present day. The

Stoic, Chrysippus, wrote "no particular event, not even the smallest, can take place otherwise

than in accordance with universal Nature and its logos" (Plutarch SVF 2. 937). In a famous

letter to Napolean, the French mathematician and philosopher, Pierre Simon de Laplace

wrote that he had no need for the hypothesis of a deity. For him Newton’s laws of motion

and gravitation were sufficient to determine all phenomena, thereby eliminating the need for

God as well as the role of chance and free will (Leon 1999: 163-164; Sarton 1941: 309-312).

In discussing the significance of the decoding of the human genome, the molecular biologist,

David Baltimore, calls free will “a wonderful illusion” (2003). If Levi-Strauss had paid

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Western civilization and Modern Science their due, he would have seen what Ptolemy saw:

that when it comes to determinism, the methods of Western mathematics are rational, the

methods of non-Western mathematics are irrational, and as such, the determinism of non-

Western mathematics is not determinism at all, but merely a pseudo-determinism of a

distinctly metaphysical realm. What both the theories Jung and Levi-Strauss fail to recognize

is the inherent role of contradiction in the rhetoric of an indeterminate universe.

What we see in Buddhist mathematics, rather than the “archaic” or “prelogical” is a

rhetoric of binary logic, simple yin/yang, where from an ultimate tai ji, the supreme pole or

supreme ultimate, comes yin and yang. Within yin is yin/yang. Within yang is yin/yang.

Within each of these, the same, and so on to infinity, whereby between every yin and yang

is simple contradiction (Ho 2003: 34; 2000: 34-35). In this binary, ultimately metaphysical

system, the rhetoric of strict determinism is the rhetoric of divination. This gives rise to

another paradox: while the rhetoric of a perfectly logical universe is a rhetoric of flux,

constant change and progress, the rhetoric of an uncertain universe appears perfect, eternal,

and timeless.

Esoteric Language

This paradoxical rhetoric is sustainable only by secret. From the point of view of an

indeterminate universe it is clear that esoteric language needs be to secure order over chaos.

Because arbitrary terms and myth are necessary for a comprehensive scientific rhetoric, there

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must be an elite to make the myths that others accept on faith. Once we know difference

between ends and means, we are no longer free to confuse them and so the means of perfect

knowledge must be kept from the non-initiated. This basic need for an elite is pervasive in

the mathematical tradition (Kingsley 1995: 344; Geneva 1995: 18; Shigeru 1966: 444);

however, the development of specific forms of arcanum is a different matter and belongs

especially to the Indian tantric tradition. According to O. Neugebauer the language of Greek

and Babylonian mathematics is clear. The introduction of “secret astrology” comes in the

Indian tradition (1951: 137-138). Tantras are written in specific kind of “intentional

language” (S. sandh~bh~s}~; Tib. dgongs pa’i skad), that is, a form of enigmatic speech that

holds a secret meaning (Newman 1987: 38-40; Bharati 1961: 261-262; Lopez 1995: 41-42).

According to Edward Conze, the concept that words have both an obvious and hidden

meaning came largely as a yogâcârin concept on sandh~bh~s}~ around AD 300 (1975: 25-26).

John Newman, who has worked extensively on the Kâlacakratantra and related texts, notes

that a given passage can have both an exoteric and esoteric meaning and cites six alternatives

for tantric speech: intentional/unintentional; literal/non-literal; and provisional/definitive

(Newman 1987: 38-40). This sandh~bh~s}~ form, however, is only one of numerous other

kinds of esoteric language found in tantric texts. A. Bharati, who in his article “Intentional

Language in the Tantras” discusses the different ways in which the sandh~bh~s}~ tradition has

been interpreted by scholars and poses the question of its ultimate purpose, notes as well that

though sandh~bh~s}~ is a language of light and darkness whereby some passages are

understandable others not, it always appears to describe something. This distinct from the

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appearance and objective of mantra, which does not designate anything in nature and sets

out as its purpose to bring about change (1961: 261-262). Both of these types of esoteric

language are distinct from kinds of latent meaning found in the language of divination.

In its divination mode the language of the manual is nonsense. That is to say the

predictions the manual appears to make have no basis in sense, but rather are derived through

various methods of divination. Consider the following example: “On Tuesday . . . . if a

possession or animal is missing, nine people stole it . . . . They came from the west and

brought it to a house which faces west" (22v). While in isolation this appears to be a

prediction of the future, when taken in full context one finds that the phrase “if a possession

or animal is missing” is a common omen protasis, which reoccurs throughout the text, not

only under the stars of the days of the week, but under the nakshatra constellations as well.

This particular omen condition, is found not only in this text, but rather is ubiquitous in

Eurasian mathematics, found in Buddhist, Chinese, Indian, Turkish, and even in Old

Babylonian texts. As for the number of people who stole the possessions or animals and the

direction in which they took them, these, along with color schemes and kinds of people are

common tropes found in divination formulae. If one examines the condition, “if a possession

or animal is missing” from planet to planet and star to star, one finds the sympathetic

associations described above. For instance, on Monday, the day of the moon, one of the

thieves has a pockmarked face (22v), on Wednesday, the day of the Water star, Mercury, the

missing things may be found at the waterside, on Friday, the day of the Gold star, Venus, the

thieves are yellow, they took the stolen goods to a place with yellow soil, and so on.

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However, just as there is consistency in the manual’s overall representation of an

apparently illogical universe, there is meaning within the divination mode as well, a meaning

inside the numbers. In the manual’s divination mode, meaning is expressed in terms of

complementary relations which represent nature’s duality: the rational and irrational,

physical and metaphysical, small and big, male and female, etc.; the logic of the elements;

the meaning of numbers: four, as in the four elements, which may take its origin in the four

seasons; five, as in the five elements, which may take its origin in the five planets known in

antiquity, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, and so on. As will be seen, there is

meaning behind the omens. Meaning is also expressed in terms of pattern, the patterns

behind the movements of supernatural beings.

Problems of Interpretation

That the logos of the text should be in the numbers and not in the literal language

poses a problem of interpretation. How far can one go in ascribing intention, true

significance to the internal structure of the text? It has been stated that the manual is

composed in five parts. That this follows a numerological prescription is quite likely.

However, the number of topics listed in the manual, being over one hundred, with some

manipulation might be counted as the auspicious number, one hundred eight. Is this the

correct way to count or simply reading into the text? It has been stated that the manual’s

anonymity creates the effect of perfection and timelessness, but is this its purpose? Certainly

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anonymity is not unique to this manual specifically. It is commonly found in mathematical

texts. But this does not answer the question. Are mistakes and omissions, breaks in pattern

intentional or merely scribal error? A number of examples illustrate the problem: The star

spirit Qo(osun qumq-a (Empty pitcher) follows a strict pattern from month to month over

the course of the year. However, in the description of the Second month, no reference to

Qo(osun qumq-a is given. According to its pattern, in that month it would logically reside

in the North. Similarly, the star spirit Janggün (The General) breaks pattern in the Eighth

month by jumping to the East, when logically it should remain in the West. The nakshatra

are classified five different times according to their element, sometimes according to the four

elements predominant in India and the West and sometimes according to the five elements

predominant in China. Two of these classifications are identical, excepting one nakshatra,

Tanista (S. Dhanis}t}h~), which in one classification has the element water (21r) and in the

other, the element earth (45v). Logically, its element in should be earth, for to assign it the

element water leaves eight water nakshatra and only six earth nakshatra. As a final

example, on the twenty-first day of the Fourth month, a nakshatra is omitted from the

calendar. Logically it should be Širvan (S. Ðravan}a). Though intentional variation of pattern

is a common trope in mathematics (one that is in keeping with a universe that does not

function in a perfectly logical way), this does not guarantee a correct reading. Likely, except

for the final example, the omission of Širvan, the breaks in pattern described above are all

intentional, in that their variation depends on more than just the omission of a single term

(commonly attributable to scribal error). However, this criterion is far from foolproof, and

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the assessment less than certain. Finally, while focus on the latent workings of the text

reveal the patterns by which the gods and demons move, it does not explain how these

patterns are generated. What is the reason Tayisui moves one way, Janggün another, and so

on?

Judgment

While not to defend the esoteric rhetoric of the manual against the charge of humbug,

for humbug it clearly is, to humbug is not its primary reason for being. Esoteric language is

rooted in representing the unconventional language of the metaphysical realm, the world

beyond the pale of physical representation, the world of “true or apparent” time.

Furthermore, the inherent deception involved in the conflation of physical and metaphysical

realms is not solely negative, for it hides the arbitrary terms that point back to primordial

chaos, and so protects the established order, the government, which, all things being equal,

is for the common good.

This, however, is by no means special praise. Another term that defines the genre of

this manual is “occult,” a term associated in the West with pure evil. This association is so

strong, the meaning of “the occult” has been largely forgotten beyond its superficial aspects,

ghosts, demons and spirits, witches, magic and the like. What the occult means in essence

is the system of knowledge based on the one hand on “true or apparent” time, in which

demons, magic, ritual, and so on are scientific terms for the empirical qualities of the instant,

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and on the other hand based on “mean or abstract” space, where the counterparts of bodies

move in eternal, perfect patterns. The rhetoric of this system, besides being perfect, is

known, not only by outsiders, but by initiates as well, to be static, amoral, contradictory and

superstitious. It is not for no reason that this system was repudiated and step by step

eliminated from the morality and determinism based systems of Western civilization.

Nonetheless, Buddhist mathematics is by no means outmoded by Modern Science.35

It is based squarely on that which is true or apparent in nature and as such will remain viable

until the coming of Utopia. Einstein’s theory of relativity and Heisenberg’s uncertainty

principle make it relevant. To play devil’s advocate one could argue that if the concept of

an uncertain universe were fully accepted in Western civilization, the gravity of logic (which

often does more harm than good) would pull the rhetoric of Western scientific discourse into

a form that resembles that of Buddhist mathematics or the Pythagorean mathematics of the

ancient Greeks.

IV. Practice

Metaphysics

35
This is contrary to the idea of Lynn Thorndike in her article “The True Place of
Astrology in the History of Science.” Here Thorndike states correctly that prior to Newton’s
law of gravitation, nature was held to be governed and directed by the movement of the
heavens and celestial bodies (1955: 273-274). Her error is to attribute as the basis for this
a cosmology unique to the European tradition and not the problem of time, common to
calendar makers everywhere. Indeed the problem of time in measuring the position and
momentum of the celestial bodies was key to Newton’s own understanding of nature.

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The discussion of the manual’s practical methods is organized according to the

distinction between physics and metaphysics. It begins with the latter, as the metaphysical

aspect of the manual tends to be predominate, and ends with a discussion of marriage, for

that is a prominent mundane utility the manual served. As for its metaphysical methods,

though subjects are very much interrelated and difficult to classify, the main topics are clear

nonetheless and will be dealt with in the following order: divination, medicine, magic, ritual,

and supernatural beings.

Divination

Divination, like "mathematics," is a term pertaining to knowledge. The root of the

word, deus (god) or divus, indicates the source of the seeker's information. If science is

about the prediction of events, from a deterministic point of view, every event is inevitable.

As chance can neither be defined nor understood, science is held to be about causes not

chance (Prigogine 1997: 4-5). Hence, Cicero in De Divinatione argues that since divination

has no application to what is perceived by the senses nor a place within the domain of

science or art, philosophy, dialectic or politics, thus, there is no use for it. In doing so, he

takes on what he considers the Stoic definition of divination as “the foreknowledge and

foretelling of things that happen by chance” (Cicero 1979: 220). This, however, is a

misstatement of the Stoic argument, for in Stoic determinism chance ought not exist. The

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rationale for divination, on the other hand, is from the point of view of indeterminancy. Here

every event is random. There is no such thing as causation. Thus, if causation does not

exist, something arbitrary is required in order to act. Divination is simply a way to act when

options seem arbitrary.

While divination as a means of knowledge is universal, the forms of divination are

not. Though a particular method might arise independently in one place or another, it also

happens that traditions of divination methods are passed from generation to generation and

culture to culture. Some of the earliest attested examples of divination are found inscribed

on bones and tortoise shells in China and on cuneiform tablets in Mesopotamia.36

Two ways to classify divination methods according to a psychological point of view

are: a) autoscopic or direct, which simply depends on some change in the consciousness of

the practitioner; b) heteroscopic or indirect, in which the diviner looks beyond himself for

guidance. Examples of autoscopic divination include methods based on sensory perceptions

such as gazing into a crystal or listening to a shell, motor automatisms, such as in the use of

a divining rod, or mental impressions derived from activities such as looking at the palm of

a hand or at cards. For heteroscopic divination the process depends on inference from

external facts. Examples of heteroscopic divination include sortilege "the casting of lots,"

36
For works on these early sources in China, see K. C. Chang 1980: 31-43 and Lowe
1994, passim. For the Mesopotamian sources see Starr and Jeyes. See also O.R. Gurney's
article on Babylonian and Hittite divination in Lowe and Blacker. For a discourse in
antiquity on the value of divination in society or the lack thereof, see Cicero, On Divination.
For bird divination among the Tibetans, see. Laufer, 1914. For Mongolian divination
methods, see Ochirbat's Merge, Tölgö. See also, Pallas, v. 2, 1980: 307-340, Ligeti 1930:
passim, and Bawden 1958: 1-44.

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such as dice or the tarsus bones of sheep; haruspication "the inspection of entrails;

scapulomancy "divination by shoulder-blade;" and so on. While the practitioner must

actively perform these methods, there are also passive types of divination, such as taking an

omen from the weather or from the behavior or cries of birds ("Divination," EB 1911: 332-

333).

The manual’s binary system, illogically, considers both causation and chance. The

manual includes causal relationships derived from empirical observation. For instance, in

the calendar it says, “[During the fourth month] the orchid flower (èakirma(-un èièig)

blooms . . . [and] the cuckoo bird will sound (11r).” But in keeping with its metaphysical

modality, its metier are chance occurrences, as in the following, “If one builds a home, five

people will die (43r).” These are derived, as befitting the logic of the system, through

divination. However, the manual is not perfectly logical in its representation in that its

methods are not entirely random. As will be seen, the metaphysical realm is made to appear

moral and good.

Divination in the manual is expressed in four interrelated forms: 1. complementary

relations, yin/yang; 2. rational methods, such as the systems of elements, trigrams and color

schemes, the results of which are derived through logic and appear random against the matrix

of the calendar; 3. irrational methods, including auguromancy, the results of which take on

a statistical significance, and magical formulae/medical treatments; and 4. patterns in the

matrix of the calendar, either orderly or random. These fall under two main classifications

in the Tibeto-Buddhist scheme: 1. Chinese or Black astrology (Tib. nag-rtsis), distinguished

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principally by the system of elemental divination (Tib. ‘byung-rtsis), based on the

relationships formed between the five elements (TEDP, 11, 414; Cornu 1997: 21-23; Mönkh-

Ochir 2000: 16) and 2. Indian or White astrology (Tib. dkar-rstis), distinguished principally

by the system of the astrology of the stars (Tib. skar-rtsis [TEDP, 11, 415; Cornu 1997: 23-

25; Mönkh-Ochir 2000: 16]).

Yin/Yang

Although the manual does not mention expressly the Chinese terms yin/yang, nor the

Mongolian/Buddhist equivalent of the concept ar(-a bilig (yin/yang or “skillful means and

wisdom,” the two qualities possessed by the Buddha [S. upâya-prajñâ]), complementary

relations are pervasive throughout the text.37 A few types of contrariety will suffice to

demonstrate this: 1. male/female, e.g., in the designation of the months, a month with 30

days is male, a month with no more than 29 days is female. 2. clockwise/counterclockwise,

e.g., “If the month is male, count clockwise (¯öb) from the mouth [of the Black Dog of

Heaven]; if the month is female, count counterclockwise (buru(u) from the tail (52v). 3.

up/down, e.g. the sign of a fortunate day is a wish-fulfilling jewel that faces upward; the sign

of the day of death is a wish-fulfilling jewel that faces downward (20r). Other oppositions

include: 1. sun/moon; 2. white/black; 3. rich/poor; 4. Indian/Chinese. The manual seems to

indicate that every aspect contains its opposite at the same time, as follows: “The bride

37
For a discussion of Mongolian ar(-a bilig, see Mönkh-Ochir 2000: 104-117.

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should be made to descend in the man's female [yin] direction” (52r). There is also an

implicit opposition in the construction of the manual, empirical vs unempirical, rational vs

irrational, Chinese vs Indian methods.

Though the concept yin/yang in China is well known, a few aspects are worth

mentioning. First according to the famous Chinese classic, the Yijing, yin/yang begins from

an ultimate tai ji, the supreme pole or supreme ultimate. Second, the opposition yin/yang

implies regress to infinity. Every yin contains yin/yang; the yang of every yin contains

yin/yang (Ho 2003: 34; 2000: 34-35). Thus the fundamental idea is not merely dualism, but

one thing in dual form (liwu lingti [Richard Smith, 1991: 52]). Third, the concept yin/yang

is inextricably linked with the five elements (wuxing [Smith, R. 1991: 23; Sun 1997: 107;

Ho 2003: 13-15]). Finally, compared to the asterisms, xiu, the four seasonal animals, xiang,

and the sexagenary cycle, the technology of the yin/yang and wuxing is relatively late.

Scholars tend to agree that it is not found in China prior to the Warring States period, around

the 3rd century BC (Smith 1991: 23; Major 1993: 29-30; Sun 1997: 104).

Less well known is that a comparable system is to be found in the Western

Pythagorean tradition. For thinkers such as Heraclitus (6th century BC), the universe is one.

Its unity is observable in a logos or formula of structure. That logos is contrariety. The

secret of the universe is to recognize the existence of interacting opposites and the fact of

conflict (Philip 1966: 46). Thus the logos of nature includes both logos, a position certainly

arrived at by reasoned argument, and mythos, the conveyor of ideas beyond logical

demonstration (Kingsley 1995: 80). In this the primary opposition is limit vs the unlimited

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(Philip 1966: 52). The “elements” of the numbers are, according to Pythagorean doctrine the

“even” and the “odd.” The odd stands for limit, the even, for unlimited. In this primeval

cosmic opposition “limit” is positive; conceived as masculine; the unlimited is feminine”

(Burkert 1972:32-33).

The Elements

Even though divination is ultimately illogical or unempirical, as every yin term

contains a yin/yang dualism within, divination contains both a rational or logical aspect as

well as an irrational or illogical aspect. The epitome of rationality in an indeterminate

universe are the elements. It is a fundamental error in the analysis of the rhetoric of these

elements to maintain, as many have, that the theory of the four elements marks a belief in a

rational universe, and that that idea is what sets Western civilization apart from others

(Tester 1987: 59). Elements are first of all not a uniquely Western idea, but most

importantly, they do not indicate a belief in a rational universe at all. They imply just the

opposite in that they are an artificial or sham superimposition of order upon a universe that

is otherwise apparently irrational, dual, not uniform. Mythology aside, what pre-modern

systems of elements are in essence is a homogenous division of the universe into mutually

exclusive parts. The number of terms though based on numerological theory is otherwise

arbitrary. The individual terms themselves, though necessarily exclusive, are subjective.

Once in place, there is nothing that does not belong to one of them and so the otherwise

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irrational universe is made rational. From the point of view of a deterministic universe on

the other hand, while the irrational is considered to be wholly negative and unacceptable in

proper scientific discourse, so too is classification based on arbitrary terms. As such pre-

modern systems of elements are diametrically opposed to the modern concept of the elements

which is said to date from the time of Robert Boyle (1661) and came to fruition in 1869 with

Mendeléyev’s periodic table (Parsons 1956: 347; Pauling, 1956: 517). Here irreducible

elements are derived from comprehensive, empirical examination. This modern

conceptualization of elements does indeed set Western civilization apart. Paradoxically,

however, given the true or apparent nature of the universe, this modern system of elements,

derived from the point of view of an ultimately rational universe, is not in fact rational at all,

for the number of elements themselves has never been perfectly determined due to the

mutability of atoms, man-made creation of new elements in nuclear reactions, and the

occasional discovery of new elements in space.

In the manual as the elements define everything, the results of any coincidence are

fixed in a logical way according to the elemental properties of the various terms as follows:

if two earths coincide it is an occasion for accomplishing magic . . . . , etc.

If two waters coincide, it is a rasiyan occasion and by means of an occasion
for a rasiyan, life will flourish . . . . etc. If two fires coincide, it is an
occasion for spreading . . . . etc. If two airs coincide . . . . etc. If water and
earth coincide . . . . etc., etc. [45v-46r]

The logic of the divination mode extends to the stars and planets such that each has its own

distinct quality which thus affects the course of events, as follows:

As for Úirvan nakshatra, it is the nakshatra of villages and crossroads. Thus,

if one causes others to gather, builds on the land, travels, attacks with cavalry,

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brings a bride into one's household, performs the ceremony for the gods,
crushes the eliy-e [demons] of the little ones, meets an enemy, performs
meritorious rites for the dead, or gathers the straw of crops, it is good. (30v)

The Mongolian term for the “elements” is maqabud (S. mahâ-bhûtâni; Tib. ‘byung

ba). Their arbitrary quality is easily seen in that the manual gives two different sets: 1. the

four elements (dörben maqabud): široi (earth); kei (air); (al (fire) and usun (water);

predominant in Indian astrology; and 2. the five elements (M. tabun maqabud ; Ch. wu

xing): široi (earth); modun (wood); (al (fire); usun (water) and altan/temür (gold/iron)

predominant in Chinese astrology. As is the case with the lunar constellations, though a

common origin is unknown, there appears to be some interrelationship between these two

systems. The four elements, often attributed to Aristotle (Physics 192; cf. Tester 1987: 59-

60), first appear in Western culture in the works of Empedocles (Kingsley 1995: 1; Longrigg,

1976: 420-9; 1985: 93-115). The idea is not necessarily Greek, but may have derived in the

East in one form or another, been adapted by the Greeks, and then made its way back to the

East (Kingsley 1995: 6-10). As early as the 4th century BC, a fifth element surfaced in the

Hellenic world when aether, the form and meaning of which had changed over time from

“vapor” to “air” as we now know it was reinvented by the Stoics as “celestial fire” (Kingsley

1995: 13-17; Tester 1987: 59).38 These five Pythagorean elements were: 1. ether; 2. air; 3.

fire; 4. water; 5. earth. In China the five elements, fire, water, earth, wood and metal, are

held to have originated during the Warring States Period, 3rd century BC (Sun and

38
Compare Greek aether with Hebrew hevel “vapor”, translated as “vanity” in
Ecclesiastes; Ch. qi/ch’i (Mathews 554); Mong. a(ur.

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Kistemaker 1997: 104; Smith, Richard 1991: 23). In India, along with the four Aristotelian

elements that came with the introduction of Greek mathematics, there is also found the

Pythagorean system of five elements: earth, water, fire, wind, and space (MW, 798; Berzin

1987: 18). Common to all systems of elements is their function of bringing order out of chaos

and their association with duality. In ancient Greece the Pythagoreans incorporated their

five elements with an ancient doctrine of opposites: one-many, limited-unlimited, odd-even,

male-female, and so on (Tester, 1987: 59). In China the concept of five elements is

inextricably linked with yin/yang (Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 104). In this, their close

affinity to the Hellenic counterparts suggests Greek influence, not only in terms of the

elements themselves, but the comprehensive system of duality, elements, and the harmony

of the spheres which extended to the conceptualizations of music, medicine and other

subjects as well. Beyond this basic structure, however, there is little similarity in its

application of to suggest the kind of discernable Greek influence found in, for instance, the

Tibetan medical tradition that came by way of India (Ho 2000: 15).39

IV.1 The Elements/Maqabud

Four Elements Five Elements

široi earth široi earth

39
For a more detailed comparison of Pythagorean and Chinese systems, see Burkert
1972: 471-472.

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usun water usun water

(al fire (al fire
kei air modun wood
altan/temür metal

Colors

Color divination is not as prominent a feature in the manual as it is in the Vaidurya

dkar-po and other sources. A five color scheme of blue, red, white, black, and yellow, does

exist, however, in the section that deals with military campaigns (20r-24v). This is the

Chinese color scheme of the five palaces in which blue represents the palace of the Blue

Dragon of the east and spring; red, the palace of the Red Bird of the south and summer;

white, the White Tiger; black, the Black Turtle, and yellow, the central palace of the

emperor, Huangdi (Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 113-123).40

IV.2 The Five Colors

Manual English
1. köke blue

40
The Indian five color scheme found in the Kâlacakra is yellow (šir-a), blue (köke),
green (no(o(an), red (ula(an), and white (èa(an [KOT 273]).

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2. ula(an red
3. èa(an white
4. qara black
5. šir-a yellow

The Trigrams

In the manual the term külil, “bundle, bunch; tie, knot,” refers to the eight trigrams

of the Yijing (Ch. bagua/pa-kua; Tib. spar-kha brgyad), which come to Mongolian from

Chinese via Tibetan. As with the colors, the trigrams are used less frequently in the manual

than in other sources such as the Vaidurya dkar-po. In the manual its function is limited to

the subject of brides and marriage.41

IV.3 The Eight Trigrams

Manual Tibetan Chinese English Trigram

kun khon kun/k’un maternal earth
(Mathews 3684)

41
For more on the trigrams, see the Yijing, passim., TEDP, passim., Williams 1996:
149; Pozdneyev 1978: 534-542; Waddell 1978: 394; Cornu 1997: 107; Ho 2003: 34-35.

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gen khen gen/ken limit

(Mathews, 3327)
kam kham kan/k’an pit
(Mathews 3245)
sön zon sun (Mathews gentle
5550)
jen zin zhen/chen quake/thunder
(Mathews 315)
lii li li (Mathews separate
3902)
dan dva dui/tui exchange
(Mathews, 6560)
gin gin qian/ch’ien paternal heaven
(Mathews, 3233)

The Omens

Irrational divination is represented in the manual by omens, by far the most prevalent

feature in the text. Omens are given either as iro-a "omen" or sayin ma(u ür-e the "good and

bad results." In sources on omen literature, omens are described as formally being composed

of two elements: a given condition or protasis, which is then followed by an apodosis or a

result. For example, the first nakshatra, Kr}ttik~ (M. Kerteg), is given in the manual as

having the following auspices:

In the Kr}ttik~ nakshatra if one offers sacrifice to a burqan (Buddha), beckons

fortune, gives alms, erects a temple, hermitage or stupa, performs the rites of
the fearsome ones, teaches knowledge, preaches the dharma, repairs a new
building or fortress, acquires debt, receives an animal sacrifice from another,
or pacifies one's beloved, it is good. . . . (25r)

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As previously mentioned, the omens belong to a genre of mathematics that has its origins in

ancient Mesopotamia from whence it entered India where it was paired with the nakshatra

and spread to various nations throughout Eurasia.

While the omen conditions in the manual were clearly adapted to suit local customs,

as preserving the old seems to be an important aspect of Mongolian Buddhist mathematics,

omen conditions similar to those found in the manual are also found not only in early

Buddhist sources, but in the very ancient Mesopotamian sources as well, for instance, omens

concerning earthquakes, the death of a king, setting out on a journey, the cutting of hair and

fingernails, plague, illness, business, war, death, fertility, enemies, loss of cattle, famine, and

banditry (Koch-Westenholz 1995: 89, 105-106, 180-182, passim). When it comes to these

omen conditions, the manual and other Mongolian sources tend to preserve archaic elements

in their lexical forms as well. In the manual many of the auspices follow the pre-classical

form. For example, the phrase “to take a bride” is given in the manual as beri bo(tol-, a

reference to marriage according to an old custom of placing a specific hat, the bo(to, on the

bride. The modern form, as G. Kara notes, is beri ab- “to take a bride” (Kara 1984: 349-

350).

There are two distinct kinds of results or apodoses. Abstract results complete the

condition with an either/or association, hence the term, good and bad results. In the various

almanacs there are three common ways to show whether a particular auspice is favorable or

unfavorable. In the manual one finds all three. The most common is sayin/ma(u. The form

found most frequently in preclassical sources is ¯oqiqu/ülü ¯oqiqu (Franke 1964: passim;

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Cerensodnom and Taube 1993: 214, 221, passim). The third form is bolumui/ülü bolumui

(60r). There are also omens which end in a concrete result. For example, "In the Kr}ttik~

nakshatra . . . . if there is an earthquake, there will be a drought."

What makes omens an irrational method of divination is that as opposed to the

homogenous, finite representation of a universal found in divination’s use of elements, the

omen protases comprise a sample of various events taken from an infinite array of

possibilities, which, as heterogenous terms, regress to infinity. In this their composition is

akin to the bridal custom of wearing something old, something new, something borrowed and

something blue. These four elements, similar to the elements earth, air, fire and water,

comprise a universal set in four terms. What makes the former irrational is the implied

ellipses, a regress to infinity.

The function of omens is complex. Though individually the omens function as

pseudo-predictions, when considered collectively in conjunction with the planets and

nakshatra, they take on a new dimension. To demonstrate this, the phrase "if there is an

earthquake" occurs 28 times in the manual and each occurrence coincides with one of the 28

nakshatra. As such while the nakshatra establish a mathematical universe, the omen

protases or conditions, universal parameters, the apodoses or results of the various conditions

define the constitution or state of the universe both qualitatively and statistically.42 Overall,

the auspices show that the earthquake is a negative influence (14 bad to 1 good result). In

42
The mathematical creation of a universal set does not depend a zodiac. See the
Uygur Irk Bitig, for instance, where the universal set is given by the 64 possibilities of four
and three (Hamilton 1975: 7).

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the same way, the results of what must be considered good have a statistically positive

outcome. For example, the phrase burqan takibasu (if one offers sacrifice to Buddha) is

usually followed by a good result (11 good to 3 bad). For certain actions the results are

mixed (e.g. for debel eskebesü/edkebesü [if one tailors a robe] there are 12 good to 11 bad

results). Thus, through a wide sample of possible conditions, the omens reflect the point of

view of a universal man or the state of the nation. This latent function of auguromancy

explains not only a critical facet of the role mathematics played in government and society,

but also what made this literature so important and popular throughout Eurasia.43

To see what kind of state is represented in the manual, whether it is pro-business, pro-

agriculture or what have you, what one need do is survey the relevant omen results. For a

list of the omen conditions found in the manual, see the Subject Vocabulary index. Below

is a survey of twelve of the more common omens in the manual:

IV.4 A Survey of Twelve Omens

1. if one brings a bride into one’s household (beri ba(ul(abasu) Abstract results: 12

good/positive to 8 bad/negative. Concrete results: she will die or divorce (40r); two people

43
It is noteworthy as an example of the pervasiveness of this literature that augury was
also considered an intrinsic part of the constitution of the government of the Roman Empire
(Cicero 1979: 216). For a further discussion of omen literature in Tibet, cf. Hummel (1963);
for Manichaean omen literature at Turfan, cf. Reck (1997: 7-23); for an example of omen
literature among the Arabs, cf. Young (1982: 261-278). Another important aspect of this
kind of omen literature is that its original purpose was for state affairs, not personal (Ho
1966: 21; Shigeru 1966: 444).

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will die (41r); descendants will be cut off (41v); re-used possessions and chattels will have

to satisfy one hundred lives (47v); she will die on the 100th day (60r).

2. if one makes an offering to a Buddha (burqan takibasu) Abstract results: 20

good/positive to 4 bad/negative. Concrete results: it will be distinctive (26v); the harm will

be immediate (34r).

3. if there is an earthquake ((a¯ar ködelbesü) Abstract results: 1 good/positive to 2

bad/negative. Concrete results: there will be a drought (25r); there will be a natural disaster

(25v); rain will fall (26r); bad for crops (26v); bad for people (27r, 28r)); there is the danger

of bitter suffering for that nation (27r); a leader of the nation will die (27v); there will be a

great wind (27v); one won’t be able to walk (28r); bad for craftsmen (28v); bad for

goldsmiths (28v); grain will be plentiful (29r); a mountain will be annihilated (29v); water

will evaporate; it will be bad for everything else (30r); it will be bad for infant children and

tea merchants (30r); [living beings] will be completely fortunate and happy (30v); it will be

bad for a great many commoners and lamas (30v); bad for those who know the treatises

(30v); bad for animals (31r); bad for those animals which are giving birth (31r); water will

become abundant and living beings will die in the water (31v); bad for those who belong to

the caste of the wretched (31v); those who possess skillful means and wisdom will be

annihilated in their own intermediary state (31v); gods and demons will become few (32r);

bad for all mice (32r).

4. if one disturbs the ground ((a¯ar köndebesü) Abstract results: 2 good/positive to 14

bad/negative. Concrete results: become poor (42r); no harm (58r).

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5. if one tailors a robe (debel ed'kebesü) Abstract results: 17 good/positive to 26

bad/negative. Concrete results: it will burn in a fire (25r); it will be distinctive (26v); one

will wear it on his dying day; it is bad (27v); the lord of the house will die; it is bad (35r).

6. if a son is born (köbegün töröbesü) Abstract results: 3 good/positive to 1

bad/negative. Concrete results: difficult to feed him (22v); good for any kind of deed,

whether coming or going (23v); he will be intelligent and wise (23v-24r); there will be six

[sons] (25r); he will be splendid [25v] and love knowledge and matters of the sacred doctrine

(25v); he will become a splendid hero, perfectly happy (25v); he will be very fortunate;

having been foolish, he will become rich (26r); he will be very fortunate, possess little

wisdom, and his wealth and animals will be abundant (26v); he will become equal to a

Cakravartan king (26v); he will have great fortune (27r); having become learned in elocution,

he will be a scholar, perfectly happy (27v); he will have a very stingy nature; his life will be

short (27v); fully will he keep his vows, and he will be born into a high birth (28r); he will

be spoiled (28r); he will love to amuse himself with exorbitant lascivious folly (28v); having

had many enemies, he will contract an illness (28v); he will vanquish his enemies (29r); he

will fully keep his vows and be perfectly happy in the dharma (29r); his life will be short

(29v); his father will die (29v); having become rich, he will be an alms-giver and love the

sacred doctrine (30r); he will be very wise and help living beings (30r); his merit will be

perfect (30v); he will not get along with his wife and die of suffocation (30v); he will be

stupid and fated to die in the water (31r); he will be possessive and small-minded, without

great wisdom or passion (31r); he will be ignorant and become a thief (31v); he will be

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without illness and live a long life (32r); he will like to kill and slaughter; his character will

be bad; later he will go to hell (32r); it will be bad [for him] later (40r); he will live in

suffering and lament his troubles saying, "woe is me” (47v); his physical appearance having

become handsome and his speech elegant, he will have a ready intellect, many ideas, and be

skeptical; he will live eighty years (61r); he will not speak falsely (61r); he will have a ready

intellect, elegant speech, even thoughts, and he will be well known for his good name (61v);

he will have a severe and fearsome character (61v); he will have a lying, forgetful, bad

character (61v); he will have a straightforward character, and, having become a craftsman,

he will live sixty years, (61v); having suffered in his youth, he will be happy in his old age,

(61v).

7. if one cuts one’s hair (üsün kir(abasu) Concrete results: become rich; it’s good (57r,

58r); meritorious advantage will be great (57r); ada and todqor demons will appear (57r);

it will turn white (57r); there will be a quarrel among a great many people (57v); there will

be illness and plague (57v); there will be harm to the eyes (57v); sons and grandchildren will

flourish (57v); one will accomplish one's intended act (58r); there will be an argument (58r);

one will find animals (58r).

8. if one travels (¯i(ulèilabasu) Abstract results: 13 good/positive to 1 bad/negative.

Concrete results: without profit (25v); affairs will proceed slowly (35r); people will die

(60r).

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9. if one gives away a daughter (okin ögbesü) Abstract results: 7 good/positive to 10

bad/negative. Concrete results: her life will be short (24r); a son, dear to one’s heart, will

die (41v-42r).

10. if a daughter is born (okin töröbesü) Concrete results: it will be distinctive (23r);

relatives by marriage will be scarce (25r); possessions and animals will increase (25v); she

will be wonderfully intelligent and loving (26r); the rulers of the dragons who effect the

senses will possess her (26v); she will be a thief or have a great many means and tricks (28r);

she will be ignorant and become a thief (31v).

11. if one does business (qudaldu keyibesü) Abstract results: 21 good/positive to 4

bad/negative. Concrete results: without profit (34r).

12. if one plants a crop (tariyan taribasu) Abstract results: 7 good/positive to 7

bad/negative. Concrete results: bad for the deeds of those who are older (30r); oxen will die

(34r); it will dry up (47v).

The general state of the nation, however, is easy to judge. Approximately 220 omen

results are “bad” compared to approximately 360 “good” results. What’s more, as it is

common in the manual to list far more conditions with a singularly “good” result than with

a “bad” result, it is clear that the general state of the nation is by far better than worse. That

the nation generally be good is common in omen texts. In the Irq Bitig, for instance, one

finds that 33 omens are described as "good" 5 as "very good", 17 as "bad" and 2 are "very

bad", for a 2:1 ratio (Clauson 1961: 219). In the Babylonian omen series, the Enuma Anu

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Enlil, omens inherently produce results in a ratio of 2:1. This is because when two good

signs coincide, they produce a good result, when a bad sign coincides with a good sign the

result is negative, but when two bad signs coincide, the result is good (Koch-Westenholz

1995: 11). However, in the mathematical chapters in the Chinese Jin shu, the official history

of the Jin dynasty (265-420) written by Fang Hsüan-ling (578-648), the results are just the

opposite with twice as many bad omens as good ones (Ho 1966: 21).

In this artificial prescription of “good and evil” the omens appear to have a moral

imperative. Vilhelm Thomsen, who made the first English translation of the Irq Bitig, noted

this moral quality, when, in regards to its meaning and purpose, he described the Turkish

book of omens as “a kind of moralizing reader” (Thomsen 1912: 192-193). This, however,

is a fundamental error, for omina are in essence amoral. They mark a time for any purpose

under heaven, whether for good or ill, as in the Hebrew Book of Ecclesiastes. For instance,

under Udaribalguni nakshatra it is a good time to kill or slaughter (28r); certain days are

good for sinful deeds and bad for meritorious deeds (45r), and so on. Morality, on the other

hand, belongs to the realm of logic and rationality, and, as such, like the elements, it is

derived from an arbitrary term and homogenous or logical division into constituent parts, as

in the various sets of commandments commonly found throughout Eurasia – like the Hebrew

Ten Commandments, there are Ten Commandments in Buddhism as well (Waddell 1978:

134). Al-Bîrûni notes that in India the Hindu keep Nine Commandments (Sachau 1971: 74).

Medicine

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The salient function of divination in the manual is not to predict but to heal. It has

been observed that while the field of medicine has been around for millennia, the ability to

cure has only existed since the Enlightenment in Europe, raising the question what was it

doctors had been doing all those centuries prior? The answer is divination. In the pre-

Modern world, medicine was inextricably linked with mathematics. This relationship is clear

from the Latin term for the field, iatromathematica, used throughout the Middle Ages in

Europe (Tester 1987: 95, 222). It is too strong to suggest that pre-Modern medicine did not

cure. Scholars of ancient Greek medicine often point out that the Hippocratic schools

developed empirical methods of diagnosis and treatment of illness (Tester 1987: 218).

Unfortunately, they often attribute these empirical methods to uniquely Greek inventions not

found elsewhere in the ancient world, as S. J. Tester does when he says that “in Babylonia

medicine was magical. The Greeks were the first to develop scientific medicine” (1987: 24).

However, if one turns to Babylonian medicine one finds again that it is not so simple. In

ancient Mesopotamia, although medicine was predominately associated with purely magical

rituals, there were also empirical methods. Cuneiform tables show Babylonians had a deep

knowledge of medicinal herbs and minerals. Found among their ruins are textbooks with

antidotes for poisons, including snake and scorpion bites, and treatments for various ailments

afflicting the eyes, teeth, head, intestines, and so on. These methods were used in

conjunction with magical incantations to treat both physical and metaphysical aspects of

illness (Langdon 1956: 860).

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To explain the link between mathematics and medicine scholars cite the concept of

the body as a microcosm of the universe. The notion of macro and microcosm is found

among the Greek Pythagoreans (Burkert 1972: 41), the Arabs, in the tantric ritual practices

in India (Subbarayappa 1989: 26; Lopez 1995: 41-2), with the Turks (Esin 1989: 113-124),

and in China (Sivin 1986: 152, 164). The concept of medicine and therapy goes beyond the

self to the concept of the government as microcosm. This is seen especially in China where

the celestial pole corresponds with the emperor, around whom the state revolved (Needham

1959: 2).

As a part of the mathematical tradition, medicine shares many of the same

commonalities across Eurasia. Given by a dual, ultimately uncertain universe medicine had

both physical and metaphysical aspects, of which it was the metaphysical that predominated.

In the metaphysical mode medicine regards no empirical cause. Demons, as in Babylonian

medicine, for instance, are the source of affliction (Langdon 1956: 806). It distinguishes no

illness. Treatments, as in Greek medicine, are universal, that is, apotropaic or sympathetic

(Barton 1994: 185-191). It recognizes no speciality. Everything is therapeutic. For

Pythagoreans as well as Madhyamika Buddhists, the role of logic in philosophy is ultimately

incidental. Polemic is intended to be therapeutic (Kingsley 1995: 327; Liu 1994: 35). So too

is music.

This metaphysical mode, in keeping with its basis in divination, has both rational and

irrational methods. Of specific import to medicine is the system of the humors, which is

similar to the system of elements in that both are a rational division of the universe into

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INTRODUCTION

homogenous constituent parts. They were used in conjunction with the elements in

diagnosing and treating illness. This does not, however, make the system an empirical

method of diagnosis, as is sometimes assumed. As the logic of the elements is, when it

comes to the unempirical realm, a pseudo-logic, sympathetic and correlative, so too is that

of the humors. In Arab mathematics, for instance, each note of a musical scale had a

therapeutic affect according to the elements (tubû’) and humors (tabâ‘i) They are either hot-

dry and exciting to the blood, cold-dry, hot-moist, or cold-moist (Smith 1843: 207). In the

same way the strings of the lute correspond to the four humors such that the highest string,

the zîr, corresponds to yellow bile, the mathnâ to blood, the mathlath to phlegm, and the

lowest, the bamm, to black bile” (Farmer 1928: 516; 1932: 903; 1944: 180). Across the

spectrum of medical practice, this rational, elemental diagnostic system allows not only un-

empirical apotropaics but empirical diagnoses as well. In between is much ambiguity. This

is seen in the description of medicinal plants and herbs in Tibetan medicine. Here medicinal

plants and herbs are said to originate from the five Pythagorean elements which come to

Tibet via Indian Buddhism, earth, water, air and sky. Herbs and plants having the nature of

earth are in quality heavy, strong, smooth, oily, soft and moist and have no pungent smell.

They oil, moisten and smooth the system and combat bile diseases brought on by excessive

bile (Rechung 1973: 64).

To assert that Greek medicine was not the first to invent empirical methods of

diagnosis and treatment is not to denigrate the importance of that tradition. As S. J. Tester

demonstrates, after the Pythagoreans “canonized” the concept of “opposites” – one-many,

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INTRODUCTION

limited-unlimited, odd-even, male-female, and so on – Zeno of Elea (495-430 BC) took two

pairs of these opposites, hot and cold, and wet and dry, and made all else from them. Next,

Aristotle (384-322 BC) married the two doctrines and made his four “simple bodies” fire,

air, water and earth, from, in turn, the hot and the dry, the hot and the wet, the cold and the

wet, and the cold and the dry. Then the Stoics simplified the system to fire – hot, air – cold,

water – wet, and earth – dry. This synthesis of the elements, the qualities, and the opposites

became pervasive in late Classical mathematics (Tester, 1987: 59-60). These notions of

harmony and balance between the opposing and elemental aspects of man’s nature dominated

Greek medical thinking. In the late fifth century BC the Hippocratic treatise “On the Nature

of Man” discusses the life cycle in relation to the four seasons, the four opposites, and the

four humors, blood, phlegm, choler (yellow bile), and melancholy (black bile). Blood is

warm and moist and associated with spring and childhood; yellow bile is warm and dry and

goes with summer and youth; black bile is cold and dry and goes with autumn, and phlegm

is cold and wet like winter and old age (Tester 1987: 61). This was extensively elaborated

upon in the medical system of Galen (AD 129-c. 200), which together with Ptolemaic

physics and the musical concept of the harmony of the spheres made Greek mathematics an

intellectual force to be reckoned with and very influential throughout Eurasia, especially

among the Arabs and in India from whence it comes to the Tibetans and Mongols via

Buddhism (Beckwith 1979: 297-313; Tester 1987: 50-51; Rechung 1973: 14-5).

As with mathematics in general the main influence of Mongolian medicine is Tibetan

via Buddhism. That system contains Indian and Western systems on the one hand and

139
INTRODUCTION

Chinese practices on the other. There is also much indigenous knowledge gathered in the

various Mongolian compendia (IM, 305). One of the best sources of Mongolian medicine

is the Ana(aqu uqa(an-u dörben ündüsü [the four principles of medical knowledge], a

translation of the Tibetan medical classic rGyud-bzhi (the four foundations), that circulated

in Kökenuur, Gansu and neighboring regions of Inner Mongolia during the late 17th century

after the establishment of the Qing dynasty (AUD 2).44 This medical textbook describes a

complex and elaborate system that is distinctly classificatory in nature. The four bases of

medicine referred to in the title are: 1. summary (tobèi), 2. theory (onol), 3. medicinal

treatment (emèilege), and 4. investigative treatment (šin¯ilel ¯asal) – referring to the

examination of patients’ pulse and veins (AUD 1). Besides these there are the eight branches

of medicine (naiman gešigün), eleven topics (arban nigen oron), and so on. These break

down into further classifications, such as the three methods of diagnosis, looking, touching,

and asking questions (AUD 20), the four methods of healing, diet, activity, medicine, and

treatment (AUD 22-24), the eight kinds of medicines (126-143), and so on. There are two

distinct types of classification, concrete and abstract, of which the latter is by far

predominate. Included among the various abstract classifications are the five elements

(tabun maqabud) – not the Chinese system, but the Pythagorean elements which came to

Tibet via India: 1. earth (široi), 2. water (usu), 3. fire ((al), 4. air (kei) and 5. sky (o(tar(ui

44
It has been edited by members of the research center at the Inner Mongolian
Autonomous Regional Hospital who for some reason removed the distinctly mantric
elements. For the Chinese system, which is largely separate from the Indo-Tibetan system
in the Tibetan rGyud-bzhi, see Ho and Lisowski (1997) and especially Harper (1998).

140
INTRODUCTION

[AUD 120; cf. also Rechung 1973: 64]); the opposites, hot/cold, dry/moist and the three

humors (maqabud): 1. air (kei), 2. bile (šir-a), and 3. bad(an [Tib. bad kan] “phlegm” (AUD

63). Each of these has certain properties associated with them. For instance people of the

humor air have crooked spines, are thin, with a bluish complexion, and so on (AUD 62; cf.

Rechung 1973: 46). In diagnosis these abstract elemental aspects interact in logical ways.

But because the elements are abstract, logic may lead one towards or away from an empirical

diagnosis. It is this type of classification which makes the efficacy of the system so difficult

to determine. Moreover, though the system is very complex, one is nonetheless working

with a finite set of possibilities, which severely limits the means for diagnosing the

seemingly endless symptoms of illness. The Tibetan rGyud-bzhi, for instance, states that

there are 404 kinds of illness of which 101 are caused by imbalance of humors (Rechung

1973 : 53). These are most likely numerological terms (the Mongolian text states that

illnesses are innumerable [AUD 93]), but it illustrates that the system is logical and rational,

even though it is derived from the point of view of an ultimately irrational universe.45

45
This is to be contrasted with Modern medicine, where, based on the notion of a
rational universe, the medical system, in treating every illness, symptom and person
individually, is ultimately irrational to the extent that there is apparently no end to the
possible variables. This, one may well argue, is what gives Modern medicine its superiority
over traditional medicine when it comes to treating the ailments of the body. Ailments of
the mind, however, are another question. In classifying the unconscious into abstract
constituent parts, Modern psychology treats the mind as traditional medicine treats the body,
in an abstract, logical, rational way. Psychology’s projection of an ideal norm around which
all fall mentally ill does not treat individual needs of individual patients at a given time, but,
rather, continually creates new disorders which tend to make the mind less healthy (cf.
Kutchins, Herb and Stuart A. Kirk).

141
INTRODUCTION

In the manual medicine (em) is generally associated with the metaphysical realm.

Medicines – as well as poisons (qoor-a) – are gathered (em èu(la(ul-/èungla(ul), ground

(em nidü-), mixed (em neyilegül-/qoor-a neyilegül-), and drunk (em u(uu-). Various kinds

of illness (ebedèin) mentioned include wounds (šarq-a), splinters (šilige), sores (yar-a),

plagues or epidemics (taqul) and a general condition of mental or physical suffering (eneleküi

¯obalang). Demons such as the ada are the causes of illness. To fall sick is to be touched

by an illness (ebedèin kürtebesü) or to be touched by ada demons (ada-du kürte-), to

encounter these demons (ada-du uèara-), or to be bedeviled by them (ada adala-). To

recover is ebedèin edege-. General terms for treating an illness include emle-, the

denominal verb form of em “medicine,” ana(a-, the transitive/causative form of the verbal

stem ana- “to get well,” and ¯asa-, which apart from its medical usage means “to put in

order, fix, repair” and is used in the pleonastic form ¯asal ¯asa- “to prepare a treatment.”

Specific forms of treatment include the application of a compress or poultice (¯ingle-) and

cauterizing by means of a moxa or poultice (tögen-e tögene-). An example of a strictly

metaphysical method mentioned in the text is a white treatment (èa(an ¯asal), which, as

opposed to a motely treatment (ala( ¯asal) that consists of spells and charms, consists of the

reciting of texts (Bawden 1962: 166-167). In ritual illness is magically expelled through

paper dolls (sada(-a) or ransom figures (¯oli(/¯oliy-a) usually made of dough (Cf. Heissig

1986). Talismans known as the five protectors (tabun qalqala(èi) are used to ward off

illness. These include: 1. the quill feather of a raven (qong keriy-e-ü [=yin] soddu); 2. the

shell of a turtle (yasutu menekei-yin kürmeli); 3. the spine of a porcupine (so( ¯ariyan-u

142
INTRODUCTION

örgesün); 4. the horn of an antelope (orong(u-yin eber [cf. Rechung 1973: 71]); 5. the tusk

of a wild boar (bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a). An example of treatment found in the manual

is as follows:

As for a treatment during a black month, tie nine kinds of wood, the great
black tail of a bull, a bow, a white qada(, as well as things made from
vermillion, sugar, soldering metal and so forth to the pole of a standard, and
having driven it into the ground, make the smell of burnt white butter and the
fat of a bull, and then stick [the standard] into the ground in the contrary
Monkey direction of the Tiger year on the seventh day of the first month. In
this manner, given any day, stick it [in the ground] in that month's contrary
direction. It will be good. (50v)

This mathematical formula is simultaneously ritual, magic and medicine. Note too that, as

medicine, it treats every possible illness and belongs to every kind of specialist, the physician

(emèi/otaèi), mathematician (to(aèin), astrologer (mathematician), (¯iruqayici literally, “the

one who makes the drawing”), the magician (tarnièi), and teacher (ba(si). Beyond the

manual there are a host of other terms for the various specialists. There is the ü¯emerèi

(seer), ¯öngèi (diviner), sin¯igeèi (fortuneteller, literally, ‘the one who examines’), and so on.

Charles Bawden, in numerous works but especially in his two articles "The

Supernatural Element in Sickness and Dying, Part I and Part II," surveys a number of medical

texts and discusses at length their problematic nature for the interpreter. He notes that

diagnosis has no basis in observation; conditions are understood by arbitrary standards (SE

I, 221); that disease has no effective physical cause, the idea of cause and effect connected

by a logical, observable relationship simply being absent though pseudo-causes are adduced

(SE I, 234); that there is a lack of distinction between sickness and other conditions;

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INTRODUCTION

metaphysical methods such as spells are recommended not only in handbooks of magic, but

also in serious medical works, which contain prescriptions and also charms for all sorts of

conditions; that the conditions treated this way are intangible, that is, to hasten recovery, to

protect from sickness or danger (SE II, 161); and that various genres, medical, magical and

astrological, all dovetail into one (SE II, 161-164).

Though he astutely recognizes all the qualities of the genre, Bawden neither

understands Mongolian medical practices in terms of Eurasian mathematics nor recognizes

that mathematics, though it comes to the Mongols through Buddhism and so is adapted by

Buddhism, is nonetheless a distinct tradition of its own, with terms and concepts incongruent

with Buddhist teaching. This discord between Buddhist teaching and mathematics has been

noted by Sa-skya pandita, Kun-dga’-rgyal-mthsan (1182-1251), the fifth of the grand lamas

of Sa-skya monastery and the reputed author of one of the great classics of Tibeto-Mongolian

literature, the Subhâsitaratnanidhi (Treasury of Aphoristic Jewels), who maintained that

mathematics, together with medicine, are profane sciences containing nothing Buddhistic at

all, an opinion shared by the famous historiographer, Bu-ston Rin-poche (1290-1364

[Stcherbatsky 1958: 46]). Hence Bawden makes the mistake of attributing the wildly

irrational, magical methods found in medical texts with a native naive folk religion, which

he states lives side by side with formal medicine even after the introduction of a sophisticated

science and culture (SE I, 217). Rather, irrational, magical methods live side by side within

the same tradition, a tradition given by a true or apparent, dual, indeterministic understanding

of nature.

144
INTRODUCTION

Magic

The therapeutic mode is magic. From a deterministic point of view, because magic

is inherently associated with that which creates supernatural transformation, since this is

impossible, the basic premise of magic is deemed false. Magic is thus understood as mere

conjuring, common tricks or deceptions. As deception is seen as wholly negative, the

denotation of magic becomes negative also. For this reason, in post-Christian, pre-

Enlightenment Europe proponents of astrology such as William Lilly often went out of their

way to disassociate esteemed astrology from base magic (Geneva 1995: 10; Barton 1994:

191-197). In an indeterminate system, however, as the supernatural is merely the true or

apparent aspect of reality, the metaphysical realm that is beyond the pale of absolute time,

magic and mathematics are inextricably linked. In the manual “magic" is rendered in

different forms. Two terms derived ultimately from Sanskrit are 1) ridi with qubil(an from

Sanskrit rddhi meaning “supernatural transformation” (MW, 226; Edgerton, 151) and 2) šidi

from Sanskrit siddhi “perfection” (MW, 1216; Soothill, 237), which is also rendered in the

manual in Mongolian translation by various forms of the verbal stem bütü- meaning "to

accomplish” from Sanskrit sidh (Lessing, 698; MW, 1215; Egyed 1984: 5).46 These

46
There are eight classical divisions of “siddhi” in Buddhism: 1) Siddhi which makes
it possible to change any external to another form needed by the contemplator; 2) siddhi of
longevity; 3) siddhi producing a special beverage that yields immortality; 4) siddhi endowing
perspicacity in finding treasure; 5) siddhi making it possible to enter and pass time in the
abodes of the deities; 6) siddhi making it possible to transmute everything into gold; 7)

145
INTRODUCTION

renderings help clarify the meaning of “magic” which has been lost in Western civilization47

in that while there appears to be nothing inherently supernatural in the terms

“transformation” or “accomplishment,” when one realizes that implicit in this context is the

quality of the instant over duration, a new understanding emerges. Magic is “instantaneous

transformation” or “instantaneous accomplishment.” Furthermore, when one realizes that

in this context as the difference between natural and supernatural is merely subjective, a

matter of perception, one sees that a common practice of the magician is simply to influence

the perception of another so as to make transformation or accomplishment appear

instantaneous. In other words the magician simply hides the logical processes of the physical

realm and in so doing transcends it to reveal nature as it appears in a moment’s time, one and

undifferentiated. Hence magic is often characterized by ingenious contraptions that have no

logical purpose. In this way, even a common deception contains a transcendent aspect. One

knows whether one is being tricked by magic or witnessing a supernatural transformation the

way one knows everything else in an indeterminate system, subjectively and in the moment.48

siddhi making it possible to turn earth to gold; 8) siddhi making it possible to acquire the
precious cintâmani which satisfies all wishes (RRS 652; Egyed 1984: 7-8).
47
For a discussion of the definition of magic in Western civilization, see Thorndike,
v. 1, 1923: 4-6.
48
See, for example, the story of "The Taming of the Six Heretics" in the Sutra of the
Wise and Foolish. In the story both Buddha and Mâra are skilled in magic. In the difference
between the two, one being good, the other evil, the reader perceives a difference between
the Buddha's magic and that of Mâra. However, one only get this sense from the perception
that one is good the other evil. Otherwise, there is no clear distinction between the Buddha's
transformations and Mâra's magic (Frye, S., 1981: 48-63). Thus it is said that there are two
kinds of supernatural powers (siddhi), lower, psychic powers and higher forms of magic

146
INTRODUCTION

An exhaustive survey of magical treatments and formulae in the manual are given

below:49

IV.5 Magical Treatments/Formulae

Naran odun Sunday

èerig mordobasu naran ur(uqui èa(-tur
morda. èereg-ün noyan ula(an debel
emüsèü ¯igerde morin unu¯u ula(an kegeri
bari¯u. ula(an èimeg-iyer èime¯ü su¯ali-
yu(an taki¯u dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan-u
ner-e bièi¯ü yama(an-u eber-dü dürü¯ü
dayisun-i esergü ireküi-tür. qan tayiši
tüšimed yosu(ar odèu dolo(anta
qa[š]k[i]rèu usun saèu(ad (adquldubasu
dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu. (21v-22r).
Saran odun
If one sets out on a campaign, depart at
sunrise. If one wears the commander of
the army's red robe, rides a chestnut horse,
holds a red standard, adorns oneself with
red ornaments, offers sacrifice to one's
own spirit protector, writes down the
name of the commander of the enemy
army and fills the horn of a goat with it,
then, when the enemy comes against one,
proceeding in accordance with the rules of
the Emperor, the Grand Master, and the
dignitaries, shouting seven times, and
having sprinkled water, when one engages
in battle, one will crush the enemy
immediately.
Monday

which result from continuous spiritual training (Poppe 1967: 84). When magic is perceived
to be mere conjuring or slight of hand there is often another term. In Mongolian this term
is usually given as ilbi (<Uy. yelvi). For more elaborate discussions of magic, cf. "magic"
in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1911 and 1998 and also Mauss 1972: 18-24. These sources
point out theories of magic as either objective or subjective; they note the distinction between
magic as a supernatural accomplishment and as mundane conjuring; and they also discuss
magic in terms of ritual and healing, which is the context for magic in the manual.
49
See also Harper’s treatment of magical recipes (1998: 148-183).

147
INTRODUCTION
èerig mordobasu taulai qoni (aqai ¯ilten
qara morin unu¯u qara kegeri bariju qara
èimeg-iyer èime¯ü dayisun-u èereg-ün
noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bièi¯ü (al-dur tüleged
isün adqu široi isün aya(-a usun-iyar
sönöge¯ü daru(ad suu ¯ali-yu(an takiju
örön-e ¯üg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu.
dayisun esergü irebesü tabun kümün qad-
un èimeg-iyer èime¯ü miq-a-yi mungna¯u
saèu(ad (adquldubasu dayisun-i daruyu
(22r).
'al odun
bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu
tere daruyu (22v).
Usun odun
èerig mordobasu edür düli morda. debel
quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i èime¯ü qara
morin unu¯u qara kiiri bari¯u dayisun-u
noyan-u ner-e-yi ¯iru¯u (aqay-yin tolo(ai-
dur dürü¯ü usun-dur daru(ad örön-e ¯üg
èereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu.
dayisun-i eser’gü ireküi-dür šara-nu(ud-
iyar èime¯ü šara kiiri bari¯u köl morin
unu¯u ¯ol(oldubasu dayisun-i daruyu
(23r).
Modun odun
148
If one sets out on a campaign, if one who
is born in the Hare, Ram, or Pig years
rides a black horse, holds a black
standard, adorns oneself with black
ornaments, writes down the name of the
commander of the enemy army, and,
having set it on fire, extinguishes it with
nine handfuls of dirt and nine cups of
water, and then if one offers sacrifice to
one's own spirit protector and leads in a
westerly direction, one will crush the
enemy. When the enemy comes against
one, if five men adorn themselves with
the ornaments of the sovereign, and one
cuts away pieces of meat and scatters
them [as an offering], then when one
engages in battle, one will crush the
enemy.
Tuesday
Whoever sets off first for the battlefield
will crush the enemy.
Wednesday
If one sets out on a campaign, depart at
noon. If one adorns oneself with a black
robe, a black cuirass, and black weapons,
rides a black horse, holds a black
standard, draws the name of the
commander of the enemy, fills the head of
a pig with it, and presses it into the water,
and then leads one's soldiers in a westerly
direction, one will crush the enemy. As
the enemy approaches, if one meets them
adorned with yellow things, holding a
yellow standard, and riding a fallow horse
(köl morin), one will crush the enemy.
Thursday
INTRODUCTION
èereg mordobasu erte mana(ar morda.
qubèad köke-ber èime¯ü köke morin
unu¯u köke kegiri bari¯u suu ¯ali-yu(an
taki¯u dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-
yi bièi¯ü dolo(an alqu (a¯ar-a isün
doboèa( široi door-a daru(ad emün-e ¯üg
uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu dayisun
eser’gü ireküi- dür qubèad èimeg-iyen
èa(an-iyar èimejü èa(an keg[i]ri bari¯u
qa[š]kiru(ad tabun quya(-du kümün-iyer
uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu (23v).
Altan odun
èereg mordobasu söni düli-yin urida
morda. beèin takiy-a ¯ilten èa(an-nu(ud-
iyar èime¯ü öèügüken ari(un köbegün-
iyer suu ¯ali-yu(an taki¯u dayisun-u èereg-
ün noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur bièi¯ü
yabuqu mör-dür talbi¯u ¯egün köl-iyer
dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu
dayisun eser’gü iriküi-dür [=ireküi-dür]
nigen kümün üsün-iyen ¯ayidèu qayinu(-
dur unu¯u boskil saèu¯u uduridbasu
dayisun-i daruyu (24r).
Široi odun
149
If one sets off on a campaign, depart early
the next day. If one adorns oneself in blue
clothes, rides a blue horse, holds a blue
standard, offers sacrifice to one's own
spirit protector, writes down the name of
the commander of the enemy army,
presses it down under nine heaps of earth
at a spot seven paces away, and then leads
in a southerly direction, one will crush the
enemy. As the enemy approaches, if one
adorns oneself with white clothes and
ornaments, holds a white standard, shouts,
and then leads five people who have a
breast plate, one will crush the enemy.
Friday
If one sets out on a campaign, depart
before midnight. If those born in the
Monkey or Cock years adorn themselves
in their white things, if one offers one's
own small pure boy as sacrifice to one's
spirit protector, writes the name of the
commander of the enemy army on a
woodblock, places it on the path one will
proceed, and steps on it seven times with
the left foot, one will crush the enemy.
As the enemy approaches, if one man ties
his hair on the crown of his head, rides a
qainug, sprinkles a ?boskil, and leads
[one's soldiers], one will crush the enemy.
Saturday
INTRODUCTION
èereg mordobasu sarad [=širad]-nu(ud-
iyar èime¯ü qong(ur morin unu¯u šara
kegeri bari¯u suu ¯ali-yu(an taki¯u
dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan-u ner-e-[y]i
bièi¯ü usun-dur urusqa¯u edür düli umara
doron-a èereg uduridbasu dayisun-i
daruyu dayisun esergü ireküi-dür köke
èirai-du kümün-i qara keb-iyer manglai
uriya¯u qara morin unu¯u modun möèir-
iyer dokin (adquldubasu dayisun-i daruyu
(24v).
Qara šingpüng güiküi anu
egüni (alqalaqu ar(-a kemebesü
yama(an-u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin]
manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü tegüni isün ¯iruqai
ene metü ¯iruyu tere ¯üg qandu(ulbasu
qamu( ma(u üiles ¯ayilaqu buyu.
uèara(san bögesü Altan gerel ungši 42v.
Qara sarayin ¯asal anu
qara sarayin ¯asal anu. isün ¯uil modu.
buq-a-yin yeke qara segul. numu èa(an
qada( kiged šingqun. šiker qangla(ur
terigüten. tu(-un išin-du uya¯u qadqu(ad
èa(an tosun ba. buq-a-yin ögekün
kengšigül keyi¯ü. Qubi sarayin dolo(an
šinide Baras ¯ilün qarši beèin ¯üg qadqu.
tegünèilen ali edür bögesü tere sarayin
qarši ¯üg qadqu sayin bui 50v.
150
When setting out on a campaign, if one
adorns oneself with one's yellow things,
rides a fallow horse, holds a yellow
standard, makes sacrifice to one's own
spirit protector, writes down the name of
the commander of the enemy army, sets it
adrift in water, and leads one's soldiers to
the northeast, one will crush the enemy.
As the enemy approaches, if a man with a
blue face wraps his forehead with black
silk, rides a black horse, and signals with
his wooden branch when he goes into
battle, he will crush the enemy.
The running of the Black šingpüng
As for a way to shield them off, if one ties
a mirror to the forehead of a goat, and on
it, draws a matrix with nine [squares], like
this [ ], then, in the direction one faces
[the goat], all bad deeds will be avoided.
If one encounters them, read the Golden
Light.
Treatment for a black month
As for a treatment during a black month,
tie nine kinds of wood, the great black tail
of a bull, a bow, a white qada(, as well as
things made from vermillion, sugar,
soldering metal and so forth to the pole of
a standard, and having driven it into the
ground, make a burnt smell (kengsigül) of
white butter and bull’s lard, and then stick
[the standard] into the ground in the
contrary Monkey direction of the Tiger
year on the seventh day of the first month.
In this manner, given any day, stick it [in
the ground] in that month's contrary
direction. It will be good.
INTRODUCTION

Ritual

If magic is the therapeutic mode, ritual is its means. In the manual the concept

“ritual” is rendered by a pleonastic figura etymologica (the likes of which are common in

Mongolian language) as üile üiled- (to do a deed, produce work, or bring about a result).

This is a very ordinary phrase; however, to understand the concept one must again

understand its context. The essential difference between the work of ritual and mundane

work is that ritual belongs to the instant in time and hence the metaphysical realm, with the

properties thereof, irrationality, illogicality, subjectivity, and chance. In this, ritual pertains

to the true or apparent perception of causation, the paradox of which is stated by Karl Popper

as follows:

Common sense inclines, on the one hand, to assert that every event is caused
by some preceding events, so that every event can be explained or predicted
. . . . On the other hand common sense attributes to mature and sane persons
. . . . the ability to choose freely between alternative possibilities of acting."
(Popper 1982: xix)

In other words, ritual reflects the awesome power of freewill to influence the causal chain.

While logical methods produce logical effects, the irrational methods of ritual produce an

effect which cannot be reached through logical means or produce an effect in a metaphysical

way. Understood as such, ritual has nothing whatsoever to do with “belief” in god, unknown

forces, or “belief” in anything. Rather, the context is purely scientific and so long as the

appearance or perception of chance exists, ritual needs be for accomplishing certain tasks.50

50
Schipper and Wang argue that Taoist ritual can be seen as a metaphorical pursuit
of science. The Taoist term for ritual is ke “measure;” science is ke xue “the study of

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Each ritual act ripples through the causal chain. And because the ritual act is

irrational, its effect in a way is predictable. While an intended act may have unintended

consequences, the consequence of ritual can only be as it is intended to be. In a subjective

world, where perception is everything, the rhetoric of ritual has great power for good or ill,

and is used to cause substantial effects in the physical realm. In the manual these effects are

often in the way of apotropaics, i.e., averting evil, curing illness and black magic, cursing and

repelling curses, and include other familiar forms of magic as well, for instance, weather

magic, causing hail to fall (möndür oro(ul- [32r]), and rainmaking (¯adala-[32r]).51 Largely,

however, ritual is used in the way promoting good over evil, as in the various forms of

blessings.

Though the forms of ritual practice can and at times must be used to accomplish

certain ends in the material world, perhaps the ultimate function of ritual is transcendence,

to transform the perception of multiplicity, order and duration to one, undifferentiated and

eternal. The time of ritual is “true or apparent,” i.e., instantaneous. When the manual says

that the ritual is to take place at midnight (söni düli) that means it is to take place at the

precise moment when today is not today, nor tomorrow tomorrow, but when all time is one

and undifferentiated. It is the same when the ritual is to take place at dawn or noon or at the

measure” (Schipper 1986: 185).

51
For the pervasiveness of weather magic in Inner Asia, see David Utz’s “A Sogdian
Thaumaturgical Text from Dunhuang and the Origins of Inner Asian Weather Magic” (1998:
101-121).

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full moon, the new moon, the summer solstice, the autumnal equinox or whenever (Chabros

1992: 11, 21-22; Schipper 1986: 197).

The preeminence of metaphysics over physics elevates the importance of ritual in

society over mundane affairs. This distinction between sacred and mundane is born out in

the manual as follows, “The deeds of making a blessing are not the same as worldly deeds”

(qutu( oroši(ulqu üiles yertinèü-yin üiles-dür adali busu bolai [38r]). This affects the

representation of all the various fields of knowledge and human endeavor. There were laws

in government, but the primary manifestation of government was ritual. Geography was

religious and metaphysical. It goes without saying that there should have been a

conventional political geography. The problem is finding it in the sources (Wylie, Turrell

1965: 17-26). This emphasis on ritual over mundane practice is found in sources on

medicine, architecture, in military records, sources on music, in history, literature and so on.

In this way ritual permeates every aspect of existence. In the manual there are

numerous kinds of ritual forms, implements and the like associated specifically with

Buddhism, but ritual practice, implements, etc. are taken from everyday life as well. For

instance, the phrase a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbi- “to release a stallion, bull camel or bull”

refers to a common practice in animal husbandry. However, when the breeding males are

selected from a herd there is a special rite performed over them as well. This is confirmed

in the sky, where the constellation tngri-yin qoriyan (Ch. tianjiu/t’ien-chiu [Mathews 6361,

1201]), the heavenly corral, is an asterism composed of ten stars in the form of a circle to the

north of the 14th Chinese asterism bi/pi, Mongolian Udaribadaribad, the culmination of

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which at the end of winter indicated the time of the year when horses foal and various related

rituals (Schlegel 1967: 309-315; cf. also Birtalan 2003: 34-62).

In the earthy ritual practices of its people, Mongolia offers some of the most fertile

ground in the world for the study of ritual. Here Buddhist practice comes in direct contact

with that “other” world, shamanism and what we perceive as the most primordial aspects of

human culture. In Mongolia, Buddhism coexisted and vied for dominance with shamanism

during the Mongol Empire and then again during the second revival of Buddhism beginning

in the sixteenth century. Pertaining to the later time sources show their conflict entailed

Buddhist aggression against shamans and their ong(od, that is, the felt dolls which held the

spirits of their ancestors (Atwood 1996: 130). During these not necessarily so peaceful times

ritual practices were intermixed. Even so, there has been a strong tendency among scholars

to take the ritual forms out of context and lump them under “shamanism” or “popular

religion,” even against obvious textual evidence that certain sources of ritual practice, indeed

the vast majority, are expressly Buddhist compositions. Christopher Atwood has pointed out

that, in assuming all ritual practice was “shamanic,” scholars associated it with “not so much

a particular religious tradition with a particular formation in time and space, but more a

universal stage of religion . . .” (Atwood, 1996: 113). Here the forms of ritual, which ought

normally be understand as reflecting different conventions, are treated unduly as universals.

The same occurs when the forms of ritual are treated as archetypes, which C. G. Jung claims

to have originated in humanity’s pre-logical collective unconscious. The obverse to this is

found when ritual’s reason for being, which, in the metaphysical realm of the instant, should

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be understood as universal, is treated in an evolutionary or culturally relative way as arbitrary

and conventional.

Besides these tendencies, a reason for scholars to understand Buddhist ritual forms

as shamanistic might be that the rituals in question contain terms and concepts familiar in the

study of shamanism but not found in Buddhist philosophy. For instance, Buddhism

consistently teaches the non-existence of the soul, yet in the manual and Buddhist ritual

generally, the soul (sünesün), which in Buddhism belongs to the conventional realm, is

commonplace.52 This general confusion stems from the fact that in its distinction between

ultimate and provisional truth, Buddhist rhetoric is contradictory. However, in its heavy

emphasis on magic and demons, ritual practice in the manual reflects the specific influence

of Indian tantric Buddhism, which, itself, is not related so much to Buddhist philosophy as

it is to Buddhist mathematics, which as already discussed, ties into the tradition of

mathematics that was shared across Eurasia (Lopez 1995: 41-43, passim; Stone 1981: 18-24).

When it comes to the ritual aspect of mathematics, tracing origins is not easy.53

Sometimes antecedents can be discerned through numerology, cosmology, in the stars to

which a ritual is timed, color schemes, latent patterns, the use of characteristic implements,

and other various forms of textual evidence. Still, it is often difficult to establish the

52
In his article “Calling the Soul: A Mongolian Litany” Charles Bawden associates
the common Buddhist practice of summoning the soul (sünesün ¯alaqu) with shamanism.
For other studies of this type of ritual practice, see Lessing (1976) and Chiodo (1996: 153ff).

53
For an excellent study of how a specific ritual practice changes over time, see Sela
(2004).

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direction of influence. Scholars of ancient Greek culture are tempted to attribute the fire cult

and even Plato’s notion of the soul to Central Asian shamanism (Burkert 1972: passim;

Kingsley 1995: passim). However, given the influence of tantric ritual on shamanism, and

the influence of Greek mathematics upon India, perhaps the direction of influence is the other

way around. Still, one should not take the influence of Buddhist ritual in Inner Asia to

suggest, as De Santillana does in Hamlet’s Mill, that shamanism derives from Buddhism.

De Santillana writes:

The world conception of Ural-Altaic shamanism has been successfully traced

back to India (under Hinduistic and Buddhistic aspects including Tibetan
Lamaism and Bon-po) as well as Iran. When reading Radloff’s many
volumes one finds insufficiently disguised Bodhisattvas at every corner
(Manjirae = Manjusri, Maider = Maitreya, etc.).” (De Santillana, 123)

There is no disguise here. These are simply Mongolian forms of Sanskrit terms. The

assimilation of Buddhist terms into shamanism is an historical phenomenon, one which does

not define shamanism in the time of the Mongol Empire, nor comprehensively define it from

the 16th century to the present.

This points to a second major problem of the historical method, its reliance on textual

evidence. It only stands to reason that the great wealth of cuneiform texts should entice one

to posit origins in ancient Mesopotamia. However, this allure can be a kind of mirage that

deceives one into thinking that all knowledge sprung from the fertile crescent (Miller, Roy

Andrew 1988: 1). This is not necessarily the case however, for universal knowledge, that is,

knowledge of what is simple and natural, can originate anywhere. Even so, while the ignis

fatuus of ancient Mesopotamia as the ultimate source of learning can be dispelled

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temporarily by new evidence, it is the very nature of academic work, in particular the study

of traditional mathematics and ancient knowledge systems, that it will always reappear over

another question. Using the fire cult as an example, forms of fire ritual are common in

Mongolia prior to the coming of Buddhism, in early Buddhism, throughout Eurasia and in

ancient Mesopotamia as well (Atwood 2004: 178-179; Langdon 1956: 859). Is it possible

to trace influence all the back to Mesopotamia, and, if not, should we assume fire offerings

originate there anyway?

This leads to a further problem, are certain things such as fire particularly amenable

to ritual? How does one study or comprehend such a thing? What about the soul? Is it

universal? These kinds of questions have their place, but ultimately, as the language and

forms of ritual reflect the conventions of different mathematical (knowledge) systems, these

questions should not preclude nor precede a comparative, historical approach that proceeds

in small steps.

In the ritual forms found in the manual native Mongolian terms with antecedents in

shamanism, such as the ong(od cited above, are found together with what is predominantly

a mix of Hindu tantric ritual and Chinese ritual forms that have been incorporated into the

Tibetan Buddhist tradition. This comes to the Mongols early on via Uigur Turks, elements

of whose own ritual culture, are also found, and then later, directly from Tibet. Besides these

antecedents, there are also Pythagorean elements from the Greeks and Mesopotamian

influences as well.

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A remaining problem is that just because a ritual practice belongs to one tradition,

does not mean that it cannot be borrowed by another. What is essential to remember is that

ritual can and at times must be seen in terms of science, knowledge systems, not religion.

In other words, religion or metaphysics must be seen not as independent of, but, rather,

interdependent with science. If a Christian begins to pay homage to the Buddha we perceive

he is no longer Christian, but Buddhist. If he begins practicing Buddhist rituals, he is

Buddhist. At the same time, though in the way of ordering chaos we borrow Babylonian

hours based on Babylonian gods the likes of Marduk, Jupiter, we do not perceive ourselves

to be followers of Marduk. People borrow Christian chronology, based on the life of Jesus

of Nazareth, but this does not make them all Christian. These, however, are merely

conventional perceptions. To take the opposing point of view, while on the one hand it is

possible for one to follow both Jesus and Buddha, on the other hand anyone who accepts

Christian chronology, follows Jesus Christ. For our borrowing of the Babylonian hours, our

daily practice makes us worshipers of Marduk. Thus if one simply changes one’s perception

of ritual from its conventional to its universal aspect, there is no reason for precluding the

existence of one knowledge system based on the borrowing of the ritual practices of another.

In this way there is no reason why, in the way of causing magical effects, shamans can not

borrow Buddhist ritual forms and still be shamans.

If an apotropaic ritual can treats every possible illness and belong to every specialist.,

why could it not belong to the shaman as well? If it did, this would not mean that there is

no difference between a shaman and a Buddhist for, if the Mongolian people nonetheless

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understand a difference between mathematicians, astrologers, magicians and physicians, why

wouldn’t they understand a difference between a shaman as well? Such is the apparent

reality. In his travels through Mongolia in the 1890s, the Russian scholar Pozdneyev noted:

about twenty Mongol shamans live in [Urga, present day Ulaanbaatar],

although they, properly, may be considered shamanists . . . . all the Urga
shamans are at the same time Buddhists . . . . [here] shamanism exists, not as
any kind of religion, but as soothsaying or fortune telling . . . .” (Pozdneyev
1971: 87)

Though it is important to remember that mathematics is a unique tradition of its own

and as such often incongruent with Buddhist teaching, as the relegation of mathematics to

the conventional realm makes clear, the manual is ultimately a Buddhist text. Its language

reflects Buddhist law and culture. Especially extensive in the manual are the forms of ritual

practice, for these largely comprise the omen conditions. For the terminology of Buddhist

law and ritual, see the Subject Vocabulary. Of this terminology, incorporated in the calendar

are the Twelve Stages of Dependent Origination, given in the manual in a colloquial form,

šitün barildaqui, instead of the standard šitün barildul(-a. Here the various stages of

dependent origination are paired with the twelve animal cycle. This indicates their order

(which varies in some sources). Also, as the forms differ slightly in sources, the list

compiled by Lessing (under sityn barildul(-a) is given for comparison (Lessing, 1183). See

also Pozdneyev’s excellent description (1978: 127-133). For the Tibetan context see Cornu

(1997: 41-46).

IV.6 The Twelve Stages of Dependent Origination/Šitün Barildaqui

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Manual Lessing Tibetan Sanskrit English Animal

Translation
mungqa( mungqa( ma-rig-pa avidyâ ignorance tiger
üiledküi quran ’du-byed samskâra activity hare
üildeküi
medeküi teyin rnam-par vijnâna consciousness dragon
medeküi shes-pa
ner-e öngge/ ner-e öngge ming-dang- nâmarûpa name and snake
öngge ni(ur gzugs form

¯ir(u(an törön skye-mched sadâyatana six senses horse

orod tügeküi drug
kürteküi kürteküi reg-pa sparsa contact ram
sereküi sereküi tshor-ba vedanâ sensation monkey
qurièaqui quraèaqui sred-pa tr}s}n~} desire cock
abqui èiqula abqui len-pa upâdâna accepting dog
bolqui sansar srid-pa bhava becoming pig
töröküi töröl skye-ba cyuti birth rat
ötelküi ötelküi rgad-shi jarâmarana old age and ox
üküküi ükükü death

The manual also refers to a number of ritual implements and symbols. Those drawn

in the calendar and in the sections of the text that correspond with the them are listed below:

IV.7 Symbols of the Times of Various Spirits

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1. rug (debisker)

a) variegated rug (ala( debisker)

The symbol of the day when gods and demons battle is a variegated

rug (20v, 43r).

b) square black rug (dörbel¯in qara debisker)

The symbol of day when the violent [spirits] of the planets (gara() search

for food is a square black rug (20v, 44r).

2. square (dörbel¯in)

a) three-eyed square ((urban nidütü dörbel¯in)

The symbol of the day when the dog of the earth looks for food is a

three-eyed square (20v, 44r).

3. drop (dusul)

a) two black drops (qoyar qara dusul)

The symbol of the day when the ginggang run is two black drops (20v, 43r)

b) one red drop (nigen ula(an dusul)

The symbol of the day when the baling do(šin run is one red drop (20v).

The symbol of the day when the servants of the gara(, the

baling do(šin, seek food [for their lords] is one red drop (40r).

c) one black drop (nigen qara dusul)

The symbol of the lesser black day is one black drop (20v, 41v).

d) three black drops ((urban qara dusul)

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The symbol of the empty day is three black drops (20v).

The symbol of the days when the good and bad auspices are seen by the

conjunction of the nakshatra with the twelve years is three black

drops (46v).

e) variegated drop (ala( dusul)

The symbol of the day when mendicants return empty-handed is a

variegated drop (20v, 43v).

4. jewel (erdeni)

The symbol of the day of holy water (rašiyan) is the jewel (20r).

a) upward facing jewel (degegši qandu(san erdeni)

The symbol of the seven occasions for ambrosia is the upward facing

jewel (44v).

b) downward facing jewel (doro(ši qandu(san erdini)

The symbol of the day to die is a downward facing jewel (20r).

5. wish-fulfilling jewel (jindamuni)

a) upward facing wish-fulfilling jewel (ögede qandu(san jindamuni)

The symbol of the day in which happiness abides is an upward facing

wish-fulfilling jewel (20r).

The symbol of the seven occasions when happiness abides is a

wish-fulfilling jewel that faces upward (44v).

b) downward facing wish-fulfilling jewel (doro(ši qandu(san jindamuni)

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The inauspicious symbol of an occasion for death is a wish-fulfilling

jewel that faces downward (45r).

c) black wish-fulfilling jewel (qara jindamuni)

The symbol of a sinful day is a black wish-fulfilling jewel (20r, 45r).

4. lance ((adusun/(adasun)

a) downward facing lance (doro(ši qandu(san (adusun)

The symbol of the day when the eight classes (naiman ayima() assemble

is a downward facing lance (20r, 39r).

b) upward facing lance (ögede qandu(san (adusun)

The symbol of the day when the eight classes (naiman ayima() return

is an upward facing lance (20r, 39r).

5. triangle ((urbal¯in)

a) red triangle ((urbal¯in ula(an)

The symbol of the impoverishing day is a red triangle (20v).

b) black triangle ((urbal¯in qara)

The symbol of a great black day is a black triangle (20v).

6. skull cup (gabala)

The symbol of the day when Okin tngri descends is a skull cup (20r, 47r).

7. cross (solbi(san ¯iruqai)

a) variegated cross (solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai)

The symbol of the day when not to inter a corpse is a two-colored cross (20r).

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b) black cross (solbi(san qara ¯iruqai)

The symbol of the day for burning is the black cross (20v, 20v, 44r).

8. blue lake (köke na(ur)

The symbol of the day when the Naga kings assemble is a blue

lake (20r, 39v).

9. sun (nara)

a) red sun (ula(an nara)

The symbol of the day when the Naga kings return is a red sun (20r, 39v).

b) black sun (qara nara)

The symbol of the day when šimnus demons are vanquished is the

black sun (20r, 45r).

10. eye (nidün)

a) variegated eye (ala( nidün)

The symbol of the day when Bati bata runs is a variegated eye (20v).

11. sickle (qada(ur)

The symbol of the day of annihilation is a sickle (20v).

a) black cycle (qara qada(ur)

The symbol of the day when run the destructive lords of the earth is a

black sickle (43v).

12. pitcher (qumq-a)

The symbol of the glorious day is the pitcher (20r, 47r).

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13. moon (sar-a)

a) yellow moon (šara sar-a)

1) upward facing yellow moon (ögede qandu(san šara sar-a)

The symbol of the day when the Powers (erketen) congregate is

the upward facing yellow moon (20r).

2) downward facing yellow moon (doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a)

The symbol of the day when the Powers return is the downward

facing yellow moon (20r).

b) downward facing black moon (doro(ši qandu(san qara sara)

The symbol of the day when the dog of heaven looks for food is the

downward facing black moon (20v).

14. stupa (subur(-a)

a) downward facing stupa (doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a)

The symbol of the day of the šimnus demons is the downward facing

stupa (20r, 45r).

15. razor (tong(ori()

The symbol of the day when Mahâkâla descends is a razor (20r, 47r).

16. letter (üsüg)

a) black [Tibetan] letter ki (qara ging üsüg)

The symbol of the day when the ginggang look for food is a black

letter, "king" (20v).

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b) black [Tibetan] letter tshe (qara jva üsüg)

The symbol of the ferocious day is the black letter, "tshe" (20r).

c) black [Tibetan] letter zi (qara jii/ji üsüg)

The symbol of the day when the (black) šingpüng54 run is the black letter,

"zi" (20v, 42v).

d) [Tibetan] letter sa (sa üsüg)

1) red [Tibetan] letter sa (ula(an sa üsüg)

The symbol of the day when the Lords of the Earth congregate is

the red letter, "sa" (20r).

2) black [Tibetan] letter sa (qara sa üsüg)

The symbol of the day when the Lords of the Earth return is

the black letter, "sa" (20r).

e) red [Tibetan] letter a (ula(an aa üsüg)

The symbol of the day when the sages55 speak is the red letter, ")A" (20r).

The symbol of the bad day which foretold by sages [such as] Yang

Gungyi is a red letter, “‘a” (47v).

17. vajra (vaèir)

The symbol of the day when the eight classes congregate is a

vajra (20r, 38r).

54
For Singpüng, Tib. Zin p'ung, a kind of genius loci, cf. Waddell 1978: 458.
55
arši; Tib. drang srong; S. rshi. Cf. Lessing, p. 1161.

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a) half vajra (¯arimdu( vaèir)

The symbol of the day when the eight classes return is a

half-vajra (20r, 38r).

Supernatural Beings

According to the rhetoric of absolute time and strict determinism, god does not exist.

This notion gained prominence in Western civilization during the scientific revolution

inspired largely by the physics of Isaac Newton (Leon 1999: 163-183), but its antecedents

reach back to antiquity. Plato notes in the Laws, that in the days of Anaxagoras (500-?428

BC), it was commonly held that astrology (that is, the determinism of mathematics) led to

atheism (Burkert 1972: 325). Under this rhetoric god is commonly spoken of in terms of

“belief or unbelief.” However, under the rhetoric of “true or apparent” time and

indeterminancy, the question of god is not one of belief or disbelief, but of perception. God

is empirically real, experienced commonly in everyday life in innumerable facets. That the

void is god is a self-evident truth. The first cause is god a priori, induced logically from the

apparent chain of causation in nature. As al-Bîrûni notes, Hindus speak of god as a point,

referring to that to which the qualities of bodies do not apply (Sachau 1971: 32). Though a

point has no quantity, no length, width nor thickness, it is by means of the point that order

is derived from chaos. The point is paradoxical. As Zeno of Elea notes, if the world were

logical, Achilles could not pass a tortoise if the tortoise had a head start because even if

Achilles runs ten times faster, when he reaches the point the tortoise was, the tortoise would

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be ahead. Paradox, arising from the irrationality of an infinite universe, is a form of god.

If one were to stand between the tracks of a cart as they extend across an expansive plain, one

could see god on the horizon, for that point is infinite. Infinity is a word for god. That which

breaks the law of contradiction is god, the beginning and the end, unity and multiplicity at

once. The ineffable is god. Although Albert Einstein did not believe in chance, chance

appears to exist in nature; chance is a form of god; and so on, and so on. From this point of

view, mathematics is the subject most near and dear to god.56

Demons also have a basis in science. Inextricably linked with causation, demons, as

the agents of change, represent the influence of random chance in daily life. Demons create

obstacles which hinder mundane progress or fate (SE II 153; Krueger 1965: 250). However,

while generally their role is negative, demons are known to affect positive change as well.

It is only that the status quo is generally seen as good, that demons are generally seen as evil.

In the manual are a host of metaphysical beings. Foremost among them is Mañjuúri

(Manjušari), the Celestial Architect and patron of mathematics, who holds the book of

wisdom and wields the sword of knowledge (Waddell 1978: 355-356; Cornu 1997: 39;

Getty 1988: 109-113). Other well-known deities of the Buddhist pantheon include Amitâbha

(Amindiu-a), the fourth dhyâni-Buddha and the ethereal form of Úâkyamuni (Getty 1988: 37-

39); the dharmapâlas Lha-mo (Okin tngri), the girl god (RRS, 430-432; Waddell 1978: 334,

364; ODT, 23), Yama (Erlig; Ükülün e¯en), ruler of hell, god of death, comparable to Pluto

(Getty 1988: 152-153), and Mahâkâla (Maqagala/ Mahagala) "The Great Black One”

56
This was Plato’s view (Burkert 1972: 325).

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proclaimed tutelary deity of Mongolia from the time of Altan Khan in the sixteenth century

(ODT, 38-67; Getty 1988: 160-162); and the wife of Siva, Uma (Clarke 1965: 177).57 Lesser

gods and demons commonly found in Buddhist sources going back to India are the asura

(asuri), a class of demi-gods, enemies of the gods in Hindu mythology, comparable to the

titans in Greek mythology (Lessing, 1161; Waddell 1978: 81-82); râksasa

(ra(šas/ra(šis/ra(èis), ogres, demons associated with the Yeaks, a Dravidian people from

the south of India (Hackin 1963: 214-215; ODT, 14, passim); and the yaksha (ya(šas/yaa(š-

a), a class of demigods, guardians of riches attendants of the god of wealth (Bisman-Kubera),

sometimes described as evil (Lessing, 1172; ODT, 663; Waddell 1978: 84; Cornu 1997:

252).

In addition to these, heaven and the celestial bodies have a metaphysical aspect. The

Mongolian term for god is tngri (heaven); the nakshatra are divided into clans, the eminently

accommodating clan (maši ¯okilan obo(), the eminently just clan (maši tübšin obo(), the

vacillating restless clan (urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(), and so on; they bestow various destinies

as in the eight fortunate nakshatra (öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar), and assume

various forms, such as the carnivorous elephant (miqaèi ¯a(an). The planets (gara() are

known as “seizers” in Indian astrology because they lay hold of the fates of men with their

supernatural influence (Burgess 1859: 275). For the most part that influence is harmful. The

planets are known to be violent (do(šin gara() and go about destroying life in search of food

(ideši eriküi). Among the five planets, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, as Jupiter

57
For a full list of the supernatural beings in the text see the Subject Vocabulary.

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plays a special role in the calendrical systems of both India and China, it takes on special

supernatural manifestations accordingly. In the Chinese calendrical system, the position of

Jupiter denoted the year and so was known as the year star Taisui (¯il-ün Tayisui), but as that

position became an abstraction, Taisui became a doppelgänger, the yin counterpart to the

planet Jupiter, and a star god that presides over the year (compare Indra). Similarly in Indian

astronomy are two imaginary planets, Râhu and Ketu, the moon’s ascending and descending

nodes respectively. They are demons who devour the sun or moon at eclipses. Râhu in

particular has a detailed assortment of attributes and forms, one of which is the Tibetan king

kang (ginggang), a terrifying deity (DO, 548; ODT, 147). All together these comprise

various forms of a week either seven, eight, or nine days long. As such they are the rulers

of their time.

Also in the way of mastering time, there is a twelve day cycle of Chinese origin

known in Mongolian as the twelve lords (arban qoyar e¯in). These each have specific

powers as the one that masters (e¯ilegèi), the one that purifies (aril(a(èi), the one that fills

(dügürügèi), etc. The times themselves are supernatural. There are black times when the

day, month, year, and hours (¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un qara) manifest roaming demons.

Numerous kinds of demons are found in the manual. The ada demons are borrowed

from Uygur in which the term has the primary meaning “danger” (Clauson 1972: 40). They

manifest in different ways in different sources. Nebesky-Wojkowitz associates the ada with

Tibetan chung sri, a type of demon which attacks children (ODT, 539). Charles Bawden

believes the term is more commonly connected with Tibetan gdon, demons which also prey

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on children but have other aims as well (SE I, 234, n. 58). Sometimes these demons afflict

children in particular (öèügüked-ün ada). Other times they simply bring illness (ebedèin

ada) or harm and trouble (qoor ada). The ada demons are often combined with todqor

demons, which also act independently on occasion. These again come from Uygur and have

the primary meaning “obstacle, hindrance.” The Mongolian term for “obstacle, hindrance”

(qarši) is another form of demon (Lessing, 940).

The eliy-e demons are described by C.R. Bawden as "an evil hostile spirit in the form

of a bird, goblin, devil," Tib. 'gon po. Tib. 'gon po, he notes, is equivalent in the pentaglot

dictionary to Mo. kölèin, Manchu ekèin, "an ugly demon.” "Eliy-e," is given here he says,

"as a terrifying demon . . . . mentioned as the agent of disease or death without any

indications that would serve to define its nature more exactly." However, the pentaglot

dictionary gives for eliy-e Tib. bya 'dre, which Jäschke translates as "a winged diabolical

creature, harpy" (SE I, 243-245). To this description it should be added that one meaning for

eliy-e is as a hawk-like bird, another is a kind of demon. In the pre-classical language initial

h- distinguished bird (heliy-e) from demon (Golden 2000: 198A6, 186C20, 200A25). In the

manual these demons also sometimes attack children (öèügüked-ün eliy-e).

The šimnu demons originally come to the Mongols through Uygur šmnu from

Sogdian (Christian) šimnû, meaning “demon, evil spirit.” In Buddhism the term šimnu is

commonly associated with “The Evil One, The Tempter” Tibetan Bdud; Sanskrit Mâra

(Lessing, 710, 1183; Ligeti 1974: 393-395). Pozdneyev describes them as follows: simnus,

or silmu(s), T. bdud, from S. úama, tranquility, and nâúa, destruction. These are spirits which

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entangle one in a web of passion and try to involve them in sins to shake their faith. They

are instigators of sensual enjoyment, rulers of the sam}s~ra, adversaries of nirvana. There are

four kinds (dörben šimnus-ud): those of heaven which instigate lasciviousness; those of the

body which bring ignorance; those of the spirit which cause anger; and those of the king of

death which promote avarice (RRS, 645). Besides these there are black šimnu demons (qara

šimnus), šimnus that hunt (görögeèin šimnus), and those that fight with gods (tngri šim[n]us

(adqulduqu).

Other kinds of demons include the albin/alban which sometimes ensnare victims in

their devil’s net (albin salm-a) or manifest themselves as bandits (albin-u degeremeèi); and

the èidker, pl. èidköd, which occasionally disturb corpses (üküger-ün èidköd) or those who

are beloved (engküri èidköd); the wolf (èinu-a), i.e., the lubin or werewolf, serves as minion

to the planets (gara(-ud-un èinu-a) or to Erlig khan, the lord of the underworld (erlig-ün

èinu-a); also belonging to the Lord of Death are the modun erlig (wooden erlig [ODT 82; SE

I, 238, n. 70]); the luus-un qad (dragon kings) are the minions of the Nâgas (Waddell 1978:

345, n. 1; ODT, 32); the five senses (erketen) bedevil one at times; and so on.

Demons descend (ba(uqu) into reality and run (güyükü) their course, wreaking havoc

and injury.58 When something sets them in motion (udusq-a [DO, 723a; MMAD, 14, note

28]), they set out in search for food (ideši eri-) and bedevil (adala-). To become intimate

with demons is to be possessed (nököèi- [Lessing, 593]). To be touched by a demon is to fall

ill (ada-du kürte-). They must be crushed (daru-) or suppressed (daru(ul-), or if not then

58
For the place of residence of the spirits cf. Rachmati 1972: #19.

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pacified (nomo(adqa-) or expelled (ülde-). To influence their running, terms for preventing

or inviting them deal with geometric forms associated with travel and passage, such as lines

and circles. One finds rituals given to stopping up a hole through which demons may enter

the body, or rituals involving the cutting of a rope through which demons might pass

(Sárközi 1985; 39-44; 1989: 321). For the same reason, days for cutting one's hair and

fingernails are regulated. Conversely, once demons have taken possession of the body and

are said to be running, they are expelled through a substitute (M. joli( or joliy-a), which is

then burned, buried in the ground or thrown away (RRS, 559-561, 591-594; Sárközi 1989:

316-322).

The means of pacifying and expelling demons can become demonic or supernatural

as well. Such is the case for the baling do(šin (Tib. gtor ma; S. bali), a food offering to

deities, usually made of dough kneaded into various (often pyramidal) shapes (Lessing, 80;

RRS, 426-428); ¯oliy-a mör (ransom path), the road on which the ransom figure is to be cast;

cf. the "yas" road (Waddell 1978: 458); and modun gokimoi (withering wood), which is

wood decorated with cloth and expelled as a ransom figure (SE II, 173, n. 78).

As with perceived ritual and medical practices such as “calling the soul” and

expelling illness through a substitute, there is a tendency among scholars to associate demons

with native Mongolian folk religion or shamanism and not with Buddhism (SE I 234, n. 58;

ODT 539). However, the context for the vast majority of texts is Buddhist tantra, in which

demons play an active role. The Mongolian version of the Pañcaraksâ, for instance, a

primary object of which is to suppress all negative influences in the world, cites a wide

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assortment of demons including ada, todqar, tüidker, èidkör, and šimnu, all of which

translate forms that go back to Sanskrit (Aalto 1961: passim).

Demons not only haunt people and objects, but places as well. Among the spirits of

places are the šingpüng/šingbüng [Tib. Zin p'ung (Waddell 1978: 458)] and the lords of land

and water ((a¯ar usun-u e¯id S. bhûmipati; Tib. sa-bdag). These are said to be infinite in

number (TEDP, 120, 419; Waddell 1978: 371-372; RRS, 522).

Oft counted among these lords of the earth are deities which actually have their

origins in the heavens. For instance the blue dragon (köke luu) refers to the Blue Dragon of

spring, which together with the White Tiger of autumn (èa(an baras) , the Red Bird of

summer (ula(an ša¯a(ai) and the Black Tortoise of winter (qara yasutu menekei) make up

the four Chinese sky animals (Needham 1959: 242; Sun and Kistmaker 1997: 113-119); the

foot of the blue dragon (köke luu-yin köl) refers to the third Chinese lunar mansion (Ch. di/ti

(Mathews 6187) “foundation”), which lies at the end of the eastern spring palace, comprising

four stars (Schlegel 1967: 102); and so on. A list of the star spirits found in the manual

(excluding those related to the planets and nakshatra) follows:

IV.8 Star Spirits

1. altan ordo the golden celestial palace (Doré, v. 6, p. 11, v. 9, p. 21), 49r.

2. amatu sön-e ?milk at the mouth; given as another name for Burvabadaribad (S.

Purvabhâdrapada), 34r; also known as yeke amatu sön-e, 33v.

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3. èa(an baras the White Tiger of autumn, which, together with the Red Bird of summer,

the Blue Dragon of spring (köke luu), and the Black Tortoise of winter (qara yasutu menekei)

make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf. Stall 1984: passim; Needham 1959: 242; Sun and

Kistmaker 1997: 113-119), 41r, 49r, 49r, 49r.

4. èa(an baras-un köl the leg of the white tiger, i.e., the base of the western constellation

of autumn, the White Tiger, 49r.

5. èa(an baras-un niru(un the back of the white tiger tiger, i.e., the heart or middle of

the western constellation of autumn, the White Tiger, 49r.

6. èa(an baras-un terigün the head of the white tiger, i.e., the head of the western

constellation of autumn, the White Tiger, 49r.

7. èuèa( [Tib. chu-tshags]; 1. sieve; 2. watering pot (Jäschke, 158; TEDP, 129-132), 49v

8. dada qan [Ch. tianhuang dadi/t’ien-huang ta-di]; Emperor Dada; a Chinese asterism

comprising one star, Polaris, the North Pole; known as the central palace of heaven and ruler

of the sky (Schlegel 1967: 523; Staal 1984: 126; Allred 2002: 117); the pole star is

commonly referred to in Mongolian as Altan (adasu “the golden spike” (TU, 896), 49v.

9. dayang [Ch. dayang/ta-yang]; while Chinese taiyang refers to the sun, the reference here

is likely to an asterism, dayang, so named because it marks the path of the sun (Schlegel,

1967: 113, 818-819, nn. 365-369); see also the Mongolian star naran (TU, 903), 49v.

10. dayiwang tayiqu [Ch. daiwang; Ch. taihou (Mathews, 6020.a.10)]; mother and father

of the emperor; as one of the four demons of a bride, context suggests that this pair belong

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as one (52r); compare the celestial emperor (tianwang) and the heavenly empress (tianhou

[Schlegel 1967: 100, 149, 164]), 53r.

11. degüreng sang ?full treasury; there are numerous Chinese asterisms related to

granaries (cf. Schlegel 1967: 117, 337, 381), 49r.

12. doto(adu ordo internal palace; the northern circumpolar stars; in China, India and

ancient Mesopotamia the sky is divided into three divisions, outer, middle, and inner, the

middle being the stars of the ecliptic, outer, the stars south of the ecliptic; and inner, the

northern and circumpolar stars (Needham, v. 3, 1959: 242-243, 255-257); a binary division

of the sky is also found, in which the “inner palace” refers to the stars beyond the twenty-

eight lunar mansions (Ch. xiu); this again indicates the northern circumpolar stars (Allred,

2002: 12; Needham, v. 3, 1959: 242-243); the inner palace is also represented by specific

constellations, the six stars of gouzhen (angular arranger, in Ursa Minor, Camelopardalis, and

Cepheus), nine stars of wei (the tail, the 6th xiu) and four stars of ji (the basket, the 7th xiu

[Ho 1966: 67, 97-98]), 49r.

13. (a¯ar-un egüüde [Tib. sa-sgo]; the earthly gate; a celestial passageway, counterpart

to the heavenly gate (tngri-yin egüüde); in the manual the earthly gate refers to the nakshatra

Barani (S. Bharan}§ [33r]); through these gateways spirits pass, often bringing negative

influence (TEDP, 86; ODT, 285-298; Krueger 1976: 207, 234, 253, 272; Sárközi 1989: 320;

Dollfus 1994), 33r.

14. (a¯ar-un noqai the dog of the earth; mundane or earthly counterpart to the Dog of

Heaven (tngri-yin noqai), 20v.

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15. janggün/sanggün [Ch. jiangjun/chiang-chün, “the general” (Mathews 656.h.13)] “ike

jangjun tenggeri” (Pentagot dictionary, 17445, p. 998); the Chinese asterism

tiandajiangjun/t’ien-ta-chiang-chün (the great celestial general), (, < and another star in

Andromeda and *, ,, ( and another star in Triangulum; ( Andromeda represented the Great

celestial general (Schlegel 1967: 339; Staal 1984: 55; Allen 1963: 416; Ho 1966: 89); Tib.

tsan-kun, (TEDP, 122-126), 8r, 9v, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

16. ¯il-ün Tayisui [Ch. taisui jinian (Ho 2003: 32-33); Tib. lo-skar che-ba]; see under

tayisui, 55v.

17. ¯obalang-un tngri [Ch. huo “calamity; misfortune; judgements from heaven,”

(Mathews 2399); Tib. pung lha]; god of suffering; “ike jobalanggun tenggeri” (Pentaglot,

17450, p. 998), 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 56v.

18. köke luu [Ch. canglong/ ts’ang-lung (Mathews 6714, 4258)]; the Blue Dragon of

spring, which together with the White Tiger of autumn (èa(an baras) , the Red Bird of

summer (ula(an ša¯a(ai) and the Black Tortoise of winter (qara yasutu menekei) make up

the four Chinese sky animals (cf. Stall 1984: passim.; Needham, 1959: 242; and Sun and

Kistmaker 1997: 113-119), 49r, 49r.

19. köke luu-yin köl the foot of the blue dragon; refers to the third Chinese lunar

mansion (Ch. di/ti (Mathews 6187) “foundation”); it lies at the end of the eastern spring

palace, the Blue Dragon, comprising four stars (Schlegel 1967: 102), 49r.

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20. köke luu-yin niru(un the back of the blue dragon; refers to the second Chinese lunar

mansion (Ch. gang/kang [Mathews 3273] “throat”); it lies in the midst of the eastern spring

palace, the Blue Dragon, and comprises four stars (Schlegel 1967: 93), 49r.

21. köke luu-yin terigün the head of the blue dragon; refers to the first Chinese lunar

mansion (Ch. jiao/chiao [Mathews 1174] “horn”); it lies at the head of the eastern spring

palace, the Blue Dragon, comprising two stars, " and . Virgo, (Schlegel 1967: 87), 49r.

22. luu-yin qutu( dragon’s bliss; this likely refers to the Chinese asterism tianfu/t’ien-fu

(Mathews 6359, 1978) “celestial bliss” comprising two stars, perhaps 3 Scorpii and 8

Librae; the association with the dragon lies in that it is located in the palace of the Blue

Dragon of Spring (Ho 1966: 83), 49r.

23. qangpan qongpan Queen Qangpan (TEDP, 122), 53r.

24. qara yasutu meneki the black-shelled turtle; refers to the Black Tortoise of winter,

which, together with the Blue Dragon of spring (köke luu), the White Tiger of autumn (èa(an

baras), and the Red Bird of summer (ula(an ša¯a(ai), make up the four Chinese sky

animals, (cf. Stall 1984: passim.; Needham 1959: 242; Sun and Kistmaker 1997: 113-119),

49r.

25. qo(osun qumq-a empty pitcher, 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r,

58v.

26. sang quriyang(ui treasure collection; perhaps this refers to the Chinese constellation

gulou/ku-lou (Mathews 3496, 4143), “the treasury,” comprising ten stars in the lower center

of Virgo (Schlegel 1967: 136), 49r.

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27. sarayin (al fire of the moon; perhaps this is associated with what is given in the

Indian Sûrya Siddhânta as "malignant aspects of the sun and moon" (Burgess 1959: 379-

383); these malignant aspects are said to result in "consuming fire" and at these moments the

time is "forbidden for all works” (ülü sedükü); see "fiery lunar days"in Cornu (1997: 212),

9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

28. sarayin qo(osun [Ch. yuekong]; moon void; an imaginary celestial spirit (cf. Ho

2003: 122-123), 40r.

29. süèing ?(49v).

30. süng [Ch. song/sung (Mathews 5565)]; an asterism comprising one star; it represents

the state of Sung, situated to the east of the modern province of Hunan; Schlegel gives it as

0 Serpens (1967: 537); Staal gives it as 0 Ophiuchi (1984: 135); (cf. also TU, 899), 49v.

31. tayisui [Ch. taisui/t’ai-sui (Mathews 6020.a 22)]; Jupiter; the "Great Year" star in

Chinese astrology; yin counterpart to the planet Jupiter; a star god that presides over the year;

cf. Smith, Chinese Astrology (1992: 6, 11); compare the Hindu god, Indra, 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r,

12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; 55v.

32. tngri-yin ayul ?heavenly danger, 49r.

33. tngri-yin èi(ta(-a the celestial rope; this asterism is Èista (S. Jyes}t}h~), comprising

three stars that form an almost straight line (Burgess 1859: 337), 33v, 34r.

34. tngri-yin egüde(n)/egüüde [Tib. gnam-sgo; Ch. tianmen/t’ien-men]; the heavenly

gate; a constellation comprising two stars in Virgo; it marks the arrival of the vernal equinox

(Schlegel 1967: 488); according to the Vaidûrya dKar-po, it is through the heavenly gate that

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people are exposed to avalanches, lightning bolts, stroke and epilepsy; these calamities are

remedied by ritual thread crosses; the term also refers to the smoke-hole of a Mongolian tent

(TEDP, 86, note 92; ODT, 369-397; Doré, v. 6, 1966: 36; Ho, 1966: 91; Camman 1963: 20;

Sárközi 1989: 320), 33r, 33r, 49r, 49v, 59r.

35. tngri-yin erdeni [Ch. tian bao/t’ien pao]; the heavenly jewel (Doré, v. 6, p. 11), 49r.

36. tngri-yin (al fire of heaven; in Chinese sources the celestial fire is Antares, also

known as anti-Ares, peer of Mars (Schafer 1977: 117), 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r,13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r.

37. tngri-yin mör [tianjie/t’ian-chieh]; the heavenly way; perhaps the first star of the

Northern Dipper (Allred 2002: 65); perhaps an asterism comprising two stars between the

Pleiades and Hyades; this asterism is said to guard barriers, passes, and the frontier of the

empire (Schlegel 1967: 372-373), 49r.

38. tngri-yin (qara) noqai [Ch. tiangou/t’ien-gou; Tib. gnam-khyi]; the dog of heaven;

a demonic star spirit; it is used synonymously with tngri-yin qara noqai (the black dog of

heaven [55r, 55v]); this refers to the Chinese constellation tiangou/t’ien-kou, comprising

seven stars, including ( and h of Canis Major (Schlegel 1967: 433-434; TU, 916; Staal 1984:

152-153); the constellation is thus related to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout

Eurasia; it likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the dog or jackal (see under

èögebüri), (Allen, 1963: 120-134), 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55r, 55v.

39. tngri-yin okin the daughter of heaven [=Vima], 32v.

40. tngri-yin ordo the heavenly palace, 49r.

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41. tngri-yin qo(olai ?the throat of heaven, (49v).

42. tngri-yin qoriyan [Ch. tianjiu/t’ien-chiu (Mathews 6361, 1201)]; the heavenly corral;

an asterism composed of ten stars in the form of a circle to the north of the 14th Chinese

asterism bi/pi, Mongolian Udaribadaribad; the culmination of this asterism at the end of

winter indicated the time of the year when horses foal and various related rituals, (Schlegel,

1967: 309-315; Staal, 1984: 98-99; TU, 1991: 910), 49r.

43. tngri-yin qula(ai ?the heavenly thief, 49r.

44. tngri-yin sang heavenly treasure; a constellation comprising six stars under Ašuvani

[= 16th Chinese lunar mansion, lou (TU, 912)], 49r.

45. tngri-yin següder ?the shadow of heaven, 49v.

46. ula(an ša¯a(ai [Ch. zhuque/ chu-ch’üeh “red bird” (Mathews 1346.17)]; red magpie;

refers to the Red Bird of summer, which together with the Blue Dragon (köke luu), the White

Tiger (èa(a(an bars) and the Black Tortoise (qara yasutu menekei) make up the four

Chinese sky animals (Stall 1984: passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistmaker

1997: 113-119), 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 48r, 49r.

47. üker-ün üsün the hair of the ox; a celestial palace; a star spirit; perhaps this refers to

the Chinese asterism niu, the ox, the constellation marking the winter solstice, (Schlegel,

1967: 492), 49r.

48. vimading ?(49v).

49. yeke tngri great god (cf. Waddell, 372, n. 2), 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r.

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Of these star spirits one that has an especially extensive demonology in both

Mongolian and Tibetan sources is the dog of heaven (tngri-yin noqai; Tib. gnam-khyi). Also

known as the black dog of heaven (tngri-yin qara noqai), in the manual a section given to

its descent describes seven parts of the dog’s body, the left and right ribs, head, mouth, spine,

tail and belly (55r). This refers to the Chinese constellation tiangou/t’ien-kou, comprising

seven stars, including ( and h of Canis Major (Schlegel 1967: 433-434; TU 1990: 916; Staal

1984: 152-153). This constellation likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the Dog

Star, and belongs to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout Eurasia (Allen 1963: 120-

134; TEDP, 212; ODT, 295-296; Doré, v. 1, 1966: 27, 60).

Almost all of the star spirits found in the manual are identifiable in Chinese sources.

This is true for the star spirits in the Vaidurya dkar-po (TEDP, passim) and in the Uygur

Turfan texts as well (Rachmati 1972: #14, pp. 310-312). In the manual some of these are

given in transcription of the Chinese, as in Mongolian dayang for Chinese dayang/ta-yang.

and süng for Chinese song/sung. Other terms translate the Chinese as in the case of

Mongolian tngri-yin egüden for Chinese tianmen/t’ien-men “the heavenly gate” and tngri-yin

mör for Chinese tianjie/t’ian-chieh “the heavenly way.” Sometimes the Mongolian form is

a transcription of Tibetan as in èuèa( for Tibetan chu-tshags, a sieve or watering pot

(Jäschke, 158; TEDP, 129-132). Other times both Mongolian and Tibetan forms transcribe

Chinese as in Mongolian janggün/sanggün, Tibetan tsan-kun for Chinese jiangjun/chiang-

chün, the Chinese asterism tiandajiangjun/ t’ien-ta-chiang-chün “the great celestial general.”

Of those star spirits still to be identified most share vague similarities with Chinese

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asterisms (see Uncertain Terms in the Subject Vocabulary). For instance, Mongolian üker-ün

üsün (hair of the ox) is reminiscent of Chinese niu, the ox, a constellation marking the winter

solstice (Schlegel 1967: 492). However, a question remains whether all the star spirits must

necessarily have their antecedents in Chinese? As an example, the Mongolian qo(osun

qumq-a (empty pitcher), though almost certainly a celestial influence of some kind, seems

to refer to an occult form or doppelgänger (qo(osun) of Aquarius the Pitcher (qumq-a), but

perhaps it refers instead to Chinese tianchi/t’ien-ch’i (Mathews 6361, 549), which is another

name for the 18th Chinese asterim, mao, the Pleiades (Schlegel 1967: 353). Charles Bawden

in W. Heissig's catalogue of the Copenhagen collection describes an illustration of qo(osun

qumq-a this way:

A diagram with four vases disposed around a central yin-yang figure; around
each vase are three of the twelve animal-cycle names. Explanations follow.
. . . Top headings are the twelve animal-cycle names. Side headings are
forty-two names of days and other occurrences. Within the table are given
numbers, names from the animal-cycle, colours, directions, etc. etc. In the
following folios the various occurrences are elucidated. (Heissig and
Bawden, 1971: 173, Mong. 375)

The terms described here, yin/yang and the twelve animals, indicate a Chinese system, but

this does not necessarily preclude the sign of the zodiac, Aquarius the pitcher. This leads to

another question. Do all the supernatural influences mentioned in the calendar (see Table

IV.9a) either directly or indirectly refer to star spirits? Clearly some do, such as Taisui,

Janggün, etc., but what about others such as Amin-u saki(ulsun, Ülü sedükü, and so on?

One unidentified celestial influence likely of Indian origin is Vima. This term is

found in the interrogative section of the text, based on the Indian system. Not to be confused

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with the kinds of star spirits that refer to celestial palaces and gates used in divination, Vima

is a queen, the daughter of heaven (tngri-yin okin), who answers questions about the nature

of the universe.

Other spiritual influences abound. The term ong(od [pl. of ong(on] is a Mongolian

word with a wide range of meanings. It can be a spirit inhabiting a material object, genie,

guardian spirit, tutelary deity; spirit of a deceased person, ghost; tomb of a saint or an

imminent person, family tomb; shamanist ancestral idol; or naturally white hair (Lessing,

614; SE II, 168-173). In the manual the ong(od are propitiatory and receive offerings as

would a Buddha (burqan) or god (tngri). They are treated like other Buddhist objects of

veneration, that is, they are enlivened with a core essence or heart (ong(od-un dotor-a (ool

¯irüken oro(ul- [36v]). Other protective influences include saki(ulsun and suu ¯ali,

protective animals (qalqalaqu amitan) and talismans (qalqala(èi). Beyond these there are

heroes (ba(atud), the six heretics (¯ir(u(an teryinar), she-devils (ekener; Tib. ma-mo),

monsters (mang(us), living gods (qubil(an), consorts (gdanm-a), souls (sünesün), the eight

classes of supernatural beings (naiman ayima(), and so on. Many assemble (èi(ul-) and

gather around (küriyelegül-) at their given times and places, where they indulge themselves

(taši(ura-) in the celebration of the feast of Râhula (Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

èinggeldümüi).

As these “supernatural beings” are not logically distinct from each other, but run

together or dovetail, the flux between definition and classification together with the fact that

there are a number of various types of demons, demigods, and godlings, makes a careful

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analysis of demonology in Buddhism an exceedingly arduous and complex task, one which

inevitably offers no escape from their labyrinth.59

Though it is possible to describe the supernatural beings in the manual in a myriad

of ways, a few specific representations seem most relevant. These spirits are agents of

healing and sickness. They are the revealers of opposites, an unexcluded middle term, that

is both one and its opposite at the same time. The stars, planets, celestial palaces and gates

are represented either exclusively as spirits or as spirits and physical bodies both (Ho 2003:

9-10; Meister 1954: 1-5). That the stars manifest god is not a conventional idea, but inherent

in their function as the bases of time, space, the universal and hence rational order.

Pattern

Another facet of the supernatural in the manual is pattern. Spirits exhibit patterns

which are consistent, hence predictable, and so, as the lords of the times and places, they

drive the wheels of causation that determine fate. In the various tables below a wide, though

not exhaustive, survey of the patterns found in the manual are given. The first three tables

are derived from plotting the positions or times of the spirits mentioned in the calendrical

part of the manual (8r-19v). These patterns taken as whole show an matrix of forms. Jupiter

or Tayisui remains in the south for three months, then moves clockwise to the west, where

it remains for three months; then it moves on to the north, and spends the final three months

59
For a more careful description of demonology in Buddhism, Nebesky-Wojkowitz
and Waddell, together with Pozdneyev, are excellent sources with which to begin.

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INTRODUCTION

of the year in the east. Yeke tngri "Great God" or "Great Heaven,” like Tayisui, moves

clockwise throughout the year. It does so three times faster than Tayisui at a consistent

interval through the four directions over the course of the year. ®obalang-un tngri “God of

Suffering” reflects a contrary point of view. It begins in the south, as does Yeke tngri, and

moves at the same rate, but it in the opposite direction, counter-clockwise. Perhaps this

contrary motion accounts for the negative harsh quality of its influence, for, in a similar way,

Ükülün e¯in “Lord of Death,” also distinctly negative, moves counterclockwise, from one

position to the next. Other influences move clockwise, but they do not move in the same rate

from month to month, so that their pattern has a non-radial symmetry. For instance, ®oliy-a

mör "Ransom Path" moves in a variegated pattern which gives an intricate sense of

symmetry. Ula(an ša¯a(ai "Red Magpie” moves in only three directions, in a triangular

pattern. Another influence, Amin saki(ulsun "Life Protector" seems to have a chaotic

pattern. The positions or times of some of these spirits are repeated later in the text (47v-

48r). In the cases of Gokimoi/Modun gokimoi and Ülü sedükü, the patterns are the same. In

the case of Ula(an ša¯a(ai, the pattern is different.

In the three tables of the “Patterns of the Spirits of the Calendar Months” months are

indicated by their number, 1-12. Throughout these tables the abbreviations of the twelve

animals are according to the Mongolian forms bar = baras “tiger,” tau = taulai “hare,” etc.

IV.9 Patterns of the Spirits of the Times and Places

IV.9a Patterns of the Spirits of the Calendar Months (8r-19r)

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INTRODUCTION

IV.9a.1 Their Positions According to the Eight Directions

South SW West NW North NE East SE

amin-u 3, 8, 7 4 2, 6, 1, 5, 9
saki(ulsun 11, 10
12
¯oliy-a mör 5, 9 1 2, 6, 3, 7, 4 8, 12
10 11
yeke tngri 2, 6, 3, 7, 4, 8, 1, 5,
10 11 12 9
qo(osun qumq-a 4, 8, 1, 5, [2], 6, 3, 7,
12 9 10 11
tayisui 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10,
3 6 9 11,
12
janggün 4, 5, 7, 10, 1, 2,
6 [8], 9 11, 3,
12 <8>

IV.9a.2 The Positions of Šitügen Eke According to the Twelve Animal Zodiac

Bar Tau Luu Mo Mor Qon Be Tak Noq 'a Qul Ük

šitügen 4 9 11 3 5 8 12 1 6 7 10 2
eke

IV.9a.3 The Days of the Spirits According to the Twelve Animals

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Spirit/Day Bar Tau Luu Mo Mor Qon Be Tak No 'a Qu Ük

(okimui 9 5 1 12 8 4 11 7 3 10 6 2
¯obalan 2, 1, 4, 3,
g-un 6, 5, 9 8, 7,
tngri 10 12 11
tngri-yin 2, 3, 7, 4, 1,
(al 6, 11 8, 5, 9
19 12
ülü 10 8 6 1 11 9 4 2 12 7 5 3
sedükü
ula(an 1, 2, 3,
ša¯a(ai 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9,
10 11 12
modun 1 5 9 2 8 12 3 7 11 4 6 10
erlig
ükülün 4, 8, 3, 7, 2, 1,
e¯en 12 11 6, 5, 9
10
(a¯ar-un 9 [8] 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10
(al
sarayin 4 3 2 [1] 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5
(al

IV.9b Where the do(šin baling dwell

[For its pattern see the table 40r-40v]

IV.9c The Empty Moon (40r)

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INTRODUCTION

Bar Tau Luu Mo Mor Qon Beè Tak Noq 'aq Qul Ük
1st X
mo.
2nd X
3rd X
4th X
5th X
6th X
7th X
8th X
9th X
10th X
11th X
12th X

IV.9d Table of the Heavens for the Day To Set Out on a Journey During Any Month

Day The The The The The The The The

Gate of Dog's Shadow Nose Dog's Dog's Treasury Throat
Heave Snout of of the Head Back of of
n is is bad Heaven Dog is is good is bad Heaven Heave
good is good good is good n is
bad
1 X
2 X
3 X
4 X

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INTRODUCTION

5 X
6 X
7 X
8
9 X
10 X
11 X
12 X
13 X
14 X
15 X
16 X
17 X
18 X
19 X
20 X
21 X
22 X
23 X
24 X
25 X
26 X
27 X
28 X
29 X

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30 X

IV.9e Fortunate Way For A Bride To Set Off On Her Journey (54r)

East South West North Intermediate

directions
Rat X
Ox X
Tiger X
Hare X
Dragon X
Snake X
Horse X
Ram X
Monkey X
Cock X
Dog X
Pig X

IV.9f Way of Affliction For A Bride To Set Off On Her Journey (54r)

East South West North Intermediate

directions
Rat X
Ox X

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Tiger X
Hare X
Dragon X
Snake X
Horse X
Ram X
Monkey
Cock
Dog X
Pig X

IV.9g Yellow Dust (60r)

Bar Tau Luu Mo Mor Qon Beè Tak Noq 'aq Qul Ük
1st X
mo.
2nd X
3rd X
4th X
5th X
6th X
7th X
8th X
9th X
10th X

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11th X
12th X

IV.9h Red Dust (60r)

Bar Tau Luu Mo Mor Qon Beè Tak Noq 'aq Qul Ük
1st X
mo.
2nd X
3rd X
4th X
5th X
6th X
7th X
8th X
9th X
10th X
11th X
12th X

Physics

To examine individually the physical applications employed in the manual, these are

divided into the following categories, astronomy and uranography, orientation, time

reckoning, and the seasons.

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INTRODUCTION

Astronomy and Uranography

As for astronomy and uranography, the following technologies are included in the

manual:

Horoscope

Though commonly taken for the “nativity” or birth story, which is derived from it,

the term horoscope (L. horoscopus) refers to the ascendent, the point of the ecliptic rising

above the horizon, and the subsequent divisions of the ecliptic into houses (L. loci; Mong.

ger). In the ancient world, for the early Egyptians, Babylonians and Greeks, the sun and stars

were seen as strong and young in the east, rising to their greatest power in the mid–heaven,

i.e., the point where the meridian cuts the ecliptic, and declining into old age and weakness

in the west. In this way the divisions of the ecliptic were related to the cycle of human life

– hence the nativity genre now dubbed “horoscope” (Ptolemy 1980: 2; Tester 1987: 24-25;

Rochberg 1998: 2).60 While the Mongolian terms do not correspond exactly with the four

quadrants of the Western horoscope, it is possible to assume their order based on their

association with the cycle of life. Although the terms in the manual refer to the movement

of the planets along the ecliptic, they were not derived from empirical observation, but

through divination. The terms are as follows:

60
Western horoscope divination, i.e., the nativity, which supplanted or even
superseded Mesopotamian juridical astrology, arrived in China during the Tang dynasty
(Schafer 1977: 61). It is prominent in the Vaidûrya dKar-po but not found in the manual.

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IV.10 The Horoscope

Mongolian English
1. tegüs full; perfect; i.e., ascendent
2. küèün tegüs powerful and full; referring to the point of
mid-heaven
3. ba(uram declining
4. meküs weak, i.e., when a celestial body moves
into the western sky
5. ebderekü disintegrating

From the most basic division of the ecliptic into four quadrants, other schemes were

derived in antiquity (most prominent being those of eight and twelve loci [Tester,1987: 25-

27]). With these came various classifications of the stages of life. Classifying life into

stages then took on a life of its own, that is, became a part of philosophy and esoteric

schools. In De die natale (the natal day [AD 238]), the Roman critic, Censorinus, describes

the “Five Stages of Varro,” “Seven Stages of Hippocrates,” “Ten Stages of Solon,” and the

“Twelve Stages of Staseas” (Censorinus 1900: 11). Common in the Renaissance were

“Seven Stages of Man:” infancy, childhood, schoolboy, lover, young manhood, manhood,

old age (Tester 1987: 86). It is in this context that one might appreciate the Buddhist

“Twelve Stages of Dependent Origination” (S. pratîtyasamutpâda/nidâna; Tib. rten-‘brel;

Mong. šitün barildul(-a). Similarly, the four times (dörben èa() referred to in the manual,

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the kalpa of formation, continuance, decline and disintegration derive from the horoscope

as well (DBT,118).

The Stars

With the naked eye people can see approximately 3000 stars (Sun 1997: 1). As was

common in the ancient world, in the manual the term odu(n) describes both the fixed stars

as well as the sun, moon and planets. The phrase odun ba na(šidar-un uèaral (the occasion

of the stars and nakshatra) refers to the coincidences of the wandering stars among the Indian

nakshatra asterisms. It is through such conjunctions that prognostications are foretold. In

so doing the stars are assigned elements. The stars also have characteristics beyond the

elements. For instance, there are stars which make a poor man wealthy, a wealthy man poor,

multiply sheep one hundred fold and so on (33r). The stars are divided into three divisions:

those which circle the summit of the sacred Mt. Sumeru (Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar

to(ori(èi odun), those which circle the middle (dumda büküi-yi to(orin yabu(èi odun), and

those which circle its base (a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(èi odun [32v]). This threefold

division of the sky, here of Indian origin, is also found in both ancient Mesopotamia and

China. The middle belt are the stars of the ecliptic; the stars circling the summit or Mt.

Sumeru are the circumpolar stars; and the stars at the base of the mountain refer to the stars

outside or south of the ecliptic (Koch-Westenholz 1995: 24; Needham, v. 3, 1959: 242-243,

255-257).

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INTRODUCTION

Sun, Moon and The Wandering Stars

While in the ancient world no essential difference was perceived between stars and

planets – the term “star” commonly referring to both – an apparent difference was known

(Kennedy 1966; Jones, C. W. 1935-6). The stars were known as “the fixed stars” (Mong.

ašida-yin odun) that is, those stars that don’t lose their relational appearance to each other.

The planets were known as “wandering stars” (yabuqui odun [32v]) because they do not

move steadily along the zodiac as do the sun and moon but at irregular intervals that seem

to slow down in their courses, remain stationary and move westwards. There are two distinct

groups of planets, 1). the inferior or inner planets, Mercury and Venus, whose orbits around

the sun are inside that of Earth, so they can only be seen within a certain distance

(elongation) from the sun and are only visible in the evening after sunset or in the morning

before sunrise; 2) the superior or outer planets, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, whose orbits are

outside that of Earth and so can be viewed in opposition to the sun. Visible all night, they

move east along the zodiac as do the sun and moon but in an irregular way. The Indian

treatise Sûryasiddhânta lists eight kinds of motions of the planets: retrograde, somewhat

retrograde, transverse, slow, very slow, even, very swift, and swift (Burgess 1859: 194).

There are two terms for these “wandering stars” in the manual (and the sun and moon

as well), a Mongolian term, odun, “star, planet,” and gara( from Sankskrit graha, known

as “seizers” in Indian astrology because they “lay hold of the fates of men with their

supernatural influence” (Burgess 1859: 275). The two terms are interchangeable and refer

either to a celestial body, a day of the week, a deity or all three at once.

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There a number of classifications of the planets. The term tabun gara( (five planets)

refers to the five planets known to the ancient world, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and

Saturn. The dolo(an gara(/odun (seven planets) are the aforementioned five planets

together with the sun and moon. These seven “stars” comprise the seven day week. In the

Kâlacakra and Vaidurya dkar-po systems an eight day week is standard. The manual,

though not incorporating this system of eight days a week, mentions the eighth wandering

star which completes it, Sanskrit Râhu, given in the manual as Luuq-a odun, from the

Chinese transcription of the term, Luohou (45v). Râhu designates the moon's ascending

node. It is a mythological planet and belongs to the monster in the heavens, which by the

ancient Hindus and others was believed to occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by

attempting to devour them (Burgess 1859: 194). These eight planets plus Ketu, the moon's

descending node, deified in a similar way, complete the isün gara( (nine planets), a system

originated in ancient Hindu astrology (Stone 1981: 25-36). Indian Râhu and Ketu have an

antecedent in Babylonian Tiamat, the dragon, that stretched across the heavens, her head and

her tail on the equator at opposite ends of a diameter (Tester 1987: 121).

Apart from these classifications, the planets are systematized in at least two different

ways, by element according to Chinese and Indian traditions. In the table of nakshatra,

planets and their elements (21r-21v), there are seven planets given, each of which takes one

of the four elements. This is in keeping with Indian custom. Immediately following, in the

section discussing the seven planets individually (21v-24v), the Chinese five elements are

used. Later, the nakshatra and planets are classified according to their elements once again

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INTRODUCTION

(45r-45v). The classification is almost entirely the same as the first (21r-21v), except that

in regards to the planets, instead of seven, the eighth planet, Luuq-q odun, is included. The

manual states that this classification is according to the Kâlacakra system (45r).

When it comes to the sun and moon, the manual describes the basic aspects of their

cycles. The moon, of which more will be mentioned in the discussion of the month, is said

to wax (sara degürküi) and wane (sara bara(daqui). The new moon is also mentioned

(šineleküi sara). The sun is said to progress to the north and to the south (nara emüneši

odqui ba. umar-a ¯üg odqui), that is, move along the celestial equator from solstice to

solstice over the course of the tropical year. Numerous terms are used to describe the

solstices, but three main concepts define it. Nara ba(uqu (the falling of the sun) refers to

the sun’s declination at the time of the solstice; nara bayiqu (the stopping of the sun) refers

to the time when the sun stops its progress; and nara urbaqui (the sun turns back) refers to

the time when it changes direction and begins to return. As three distinct phases mark a

single phenomenon, when it comes to cutting days out of the calendar in order to rectify lunar

and solar cycles, two days may be dropped at the time of each solstice (nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu

tende qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui) [3r]). Another Mongolian term used to describe

the solstice is tüil (apogee, limit). Chinese terms are also found: düng¯i (Ch. dong zhi), the

winter solstice; and šaji (Ch. xia zhi), the summer solstice. The Mongolian term for the

equinox is qu(us. Chinese terms include: èün ¯un (Ch. chunzhong) the middle of spring,

i.e., the vernal equinox; and teng šiu ¯un (Ch. dengqiuzhong) the middle of autumn, i.e., the

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autumnal equinox. There are two terms for sunrise nara mandu- and nara ur(u-. Sunset is

nara šingge-.

IV.11 The Wandering Stars

Name English Celestial Regent Element Day of the

Body four/five Week
Naran odun Sun-star Sun planet of the gods fire/fire Sunday
(tngri)
Saran odun Moon- Moon planet of the water/ Monday
star nether rulers of the water
nâgas (door-a
luus-un qad)
'al odun Fire-star Mars planet of the titans fire/fire Tuesday
(asuri-nar)
Usun odun Water- Mercury planet of the ruler water/ Wednesday
star of the yâksas water
(yaa(š-a-un
[=yaa(š-a-yin]
qa(an)
Modun Wood- Jupiter planet of the soft air/wood Thursday
odun star kalpavrksa tree
(¯ögelen
galbaranjan
modun)
Altan odun Gold/ Venus planet of the earth/ Friday
Metal- blessed jewel king metal
star (kešig erdeni
qa(an)
Široi odun Earth- Saturn the planet of the earth/ Saturday
star Lords of all the earth
middle lands
(dumdadu bükü
(a¯ar-un e¯in)

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INTRODUCTION

Luuq-a mytho- air/ –

odun logical
Râhu, the
moon’s
ascending
node and
eclipse
demon

The Twenty-eight Nakshatra

Mongolian na(šidar, via Uygur and Tocharian, derives from Sanskrit nakshatra.

Often translated “lunar mansion” for the affinity of their number with the lunar cycle, as their

functions in Indian sources and elsewhere bear no particular relationship to the moon (nor

apparently does the etymology of the term), the most appropriate translation is simply

“asterism” (Burgess 1859: 351). In the manual there are twenty-eight nakshatra beginning

with Kerteg (S. Kr}ttik~), the Pleiades. The arrangement is noteworthy for its variance with

nakshatra systems found in other sources, such as the Kâlacakratantra and the Vaidûrya

dkar-po, the two main sources of classical Tibeto-Mongolian mathematics, and modern

almanacs. The differences in nakshatra systems has its roots in India, where the nakshatra

developed in variegated systems of 27 or 28 asterisms. In early Vedic period sources the

nakshatra were 27 in number. The list of 28 is given for the first time at the beginning of

the last millennium BC in the Atharvaveda and various Brâhmanas, when Abhijit, the star

Vega in Lyra, was added (only to be subsequently dropped in Hindu systems [Pingree 1963:

230]). The individual names of the nakshatra refer to a principal star (yogatârâ) among what

is in most cases a group of stars. The actual nakshatra asterisms are of variable lengths

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along the celestial equator. Eventually, however, their position was rationalized to 27 units

of 13020'. This may have happened around 600 B.C., for the Vedanga Jyautisa refers to

nakshatra divisions in the sky and not to the nakshatra stars (Krupp 1991: 208). This

rationalization of the nakshatra became known as the “equal space” system. Another form

of rationalization were the “unequal space” systems developed by famous Hindu astrologers

of antiquity, Garga and Brahmagupta (Stone 1981: 185).

The first in the series, defined by the position of the sun at the time of the spring

equinox, was traditionally Kr}ttik~, the Pleiades. However, because of the earth's precession,

the arrangement would have been correct at about 2300 BC but not possible after 1800 BC.61

By the beginning of the Christian Era, the equinox fell under Aúvini. Eventually, through

Greek influence, Hindu astrology began to reflect the change in manuals that give Aúvini as

the first nakshatra and Kr}ttik~ as the third (Clerke 1911: 996a). Still, systems beginning

with Kr}ttik~ (such as that found in the Ashtottari dasa) were maintained and even preferred

to others in deference to ancient Vedic tradition, especially when it came to ritual practice

(Stone 1981: 206; Richmond 1956: 77-78).

61
The precession of the equinoxes is thought to have been discovered in 343 BC in
Mesopotamia by the Babylonian, Kidinnu, director of the mathematical school at Sippra (Ho
1982: 22; Archibald 1936: 64-65). Among the Greeks its reputed discoverer was Hipparchus
(d. after 127 BC). In China the precession of the equinoxes was known by the 4th century AD
(Schafer 1977: 12).

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Today, what in Tibetan is known as the 27 rgyu-skar is the Buddhist division of the

28 nakshatra into 27 equal units of 13°20' beginning with Aúvini (Cornu 1997: 130-9).62

Rather than dividing the sky into 27 equal portions according to the daily average motion of

the moon and then allotting the remainder, 4°15', to Abhijit, as Brahmagupta had done (7th

century CE), the Buddhist reconfiguration is accomplished by including Abhijit with the 21st

nakshatra, Ðravan}a. The modern Mongolian system follows the Tibetan method (Terbish

2001: 26, 28).

Thus, in using the actual 28 nakshatra asterisms beginning with Kr}ttik~, Mostaert’s

manual, which, itself is not old, employs a technology that is in keeping with Hindu ritual

texts and pre-dates classical Buddhist grub-rtsis astronomy of the 15-17th century (Schuh,

1973: 21). The manual, itself, verifies this in indicating how the nakshatra were composed:

na(šidar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un to(oèin-u

yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai (“the nakshatra were composed by integrating that

which is in keeping with the custom of the Chinese astrologers together with the Naran-u

jirüken neretü sudur (Heart of the sun sutra; S. Sûryagarbhasûtra), which was preached by

the Buddha” [MMAD, 2v]). As for the Naran-u ¯irüken, it is found in the Mongol Kanjur,

vol. 82, no. 1014, 125v-313v (Ligeti, 1944: 272). The Sanskrit Sûryagarbhasûtra, which

belongs to the cycle of Mahâsam}nip~ta sutras, was translated into Chinese in the middle

of the 6th century CE (Nattier 1992: 171-172).

62
In the Tibetan system of reckoning each skar-ma is divided into 60 degrees and each
degree into 60 minutes; thus there are 1620 degrees in the zodiac (27 x 60 [Berzin 1987:
19]).

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In the nakshatra terms a key is given as to how Indian stars filled the Mongolian

sky. Their lexical forms clearly indicate that they were borrowed from the Uygur, which in

turn reflect the Uygur’s own borrowing of the terms either from Tocharian or Sogdian. A

guide to determining which is as follows: If Sanskrit final -a is dropped, as is the case in the

majority of terms, it came to Uygur via Tocharian; if final -a turns to -i, as is the case in

Sanskrit Citrâ, Mongolian Jayitari, the term came to Uygur from Sogdian. An additional

alteration of the final consonant occurs in the case of Mongolian Ašli(. Here Sanskrit

AÑleša came to Uygur via Tocharian as Ašliš. However, because they used the final gamma

with two dots on the right side of the ligature to note a final š, with the diacritics often

omitted, the final consonant was confused for a gamma, (, rendering Ašli(. In the table

below, the linguistic forms of the nakshatra in the manual, Uygur and Sanskrit are compared.

The Uygur forms are taken from Rachmati (1972: 299-301). For reference in the sky, their

junction star is provided as well:

IV.12 The Twenty-eight Nakshatra: Linguistic Forms and Junction Star

Manual Uygur Sanskrit Junction star

Kerteg Kirdik Kr}ttik~ Pleiades
Rôkini, Rokini Urukini, Uru(uni Rohin}§ Aldebaran
Margišar Mrgašir Mr}gaÑir~ 8 Orionis
Ardar Ardir Ârdrâ " Orionis
(Betelgeuse)

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Burnavasu Punarvasu Punarvasû $ Geminorum

(Pollux)
Bus, Pus Puš, Pus, Bus Pus}ya 5 Cancri
Asli( Ašliš }Ñles}a " Hydrae
Mig Mag Maghâ " Leonis (Regulus)
Burvabalguni Purvapalguni Purva-Phâlgunî * Leonis (Zosma)
Udaribalguni Utrapalguni Uttara-Phâlgunî $ Leonis
(Denebola)
Qasta Xasta Hasta * Corvi (Algorab)
Jayitari, Jayitar Èaidir Citrâ " Virginis (Spica)
Suvadi/Suvad'i Suvadi Svâtî " Boötis (Arcturus)
Suša(, Šuša( Sušak, Višak Viúâkhâ " Librae
Anurad Anurad Anurâdhâ * Scorpii (Iridis)
Èista Èišt Jyes}t}h~ " Scorpii (Antares)
Mul Mul Mûla 8 Scorpii (Schaula)
Burvasad Purvašadi, Purvašat Purvâsadhâ * Sagittarii
Udarisad Utrašadi, Uttarâsadhâ F Sagittarii
U(t/d)arašat (Pelagus)
Abiji Abièi Abiji " Lyra (Vega)
Širvang, Širvan Širavan Ðravan}a " Aquilae (Altair)
Tanista, Tanis Daniš, Daništa Dhanis}t}h~ $ Delphinium
Sadabis Satabiš Satabhisak 8 Aquarii
Burvabadaribad Purvabadaribat Purvabhâdrapada " Pagasi (Markab)
Udaribadaribad Utrabadrabat Uttarabhâdrapada ( Pegasi & "
Andromeda
Rivadi/Rivad'i Iravadi, Rivadi Revati . Piscum

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INTRODUCTION

Ašivani, Ašuvani Ašvini Aúvini $ Arietis

(Scheratan)
Barani Barani Bharan}§ 35 Arietis

In the manual the nakshatra, either by their element or other specific characteristics,

are used in their conjunctions with the wandering stars and the like for divination. In a

similar way, they comprise the universal parameter for the statistical definition of the

universe or state of the nation according to the omina. In addition the nakshatra are found

in the calendar as one of several ways of naming the day. In India the months are named for

twelve nakshatra. This custom is included in the manual along with other names of the

months and referred to as the custom of the Kâlacakrists of India. In two specific sections,

25r-32r and 59v, the nakshatra are described with widely varying figures, numbers of stars

and epithets. Throughout the manual, they are classified by the elements five different times:

1. 21r-21v; 2. 25r-32r; 3. 45v; 4. 59v; 5. 61r. Of these the first and third classifications are

almost identical. Both divide the nakshatra into four elements, but in the first classification

the nakshatra Tanista (S. Dhanis}t}h~) has the element water (giving eight water nakshatra

and only six earth nakshatra) (21r) and in the other, the element earth (45v). The later

classification is according to the Kâlacakra. The second classification divides the nakshatra

into four groups of seven according to the four directions beginning with Kr}ttik~ in the east.

The earliest source for this distribution seems to be in the Gargasamhitâ, perhaps 1st century

BC (Pingree 1978, vol. 2: 389, 394; Stone 1981: 88). This orientation differs from that

typically found in Chinese sources, where the first nakshatra of the east is Citrâ (Spica) with

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INTRODUCTION

Kr}ttik~ (Pleiades) in the west (Soothill 22). However, rather than the four elements one

would expect, the nakshatra are classified according to four of the five elements: in the east,

wood; south, fire; in the west, gold/metal; and in the north, water. The fifth classification

is into five groups according to the full five elements. The table below gives the nakshatra

according to their epithet, figure, direction, element and number of stars. Names of the

months are in bold, so too are classifications according to the five elements. Other

classifications of the nakshatra found in the manual follow.

IV.13 The Twenty-Eight Nakshatra: Epithet, Figure, Direction,

Element, Number of Stars

Name (Names Epithet Figure Direction Element Number

of the twelve (four/ of stars
months in bold) five)
Kerteg the nakshatra razor for east fire/ six/six
known as the city shaving wood/
on the verge of hair/ razor fire/fire/
entering a nine- for wood
eyed iron net, the shaving
majestic one/ hair
Constellation of the
gate of the god who
does battle
Rôkini, Rokini the nakshatra of wheel of a east earth/ five/
the spirit of the cart/ cart wood/ seven
Rakshasa/ earth/
Constellation earth/
which makes a rich wood
person poor

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INTRODUCTION

Margišar the nakshatra in antelope east air/ three/

which gods, head/ wood/ three
humans and antelope air/air/
demons, all three, head wood
are gathered/
Constellation of
uniform gentle
appearance
Ardar the nakshatra saw/two east earth/ nine/two
which was flowers wood/
calculated in the earth/
astrology of Biqar water/
monastery/ wood
Constellation of the
demons by which a
thing is lost in the
water
Burnavasu the nakshatra in legs of a east air/ three/
which one is cut off tripod/ wood/ eight
from one's ridge-pole air/ air/
relatives; this is the of a house wood
nakshatra in which
the traveller sets
out on a journey/
Constellation
which makes the
way of the traveller
difficult
Bus, Pus the nakshatra of scissors/ east fire/ three/
the orphan boy who turtle wood/ three
seizes all of the fire/ fire/
great middle lands/ wood
Constellation of the
lord of solitary and
orphaned people

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INTRODUCTION

Asli( the nakshatra in snake east water/ six/five

which the three head/ wood/
thieves deliberate/ snake water/
Constellation head water/
which [makes] a earth
line to the
northwest
Mig the nakshatra in snout/ south fire/ fire/ six/six
which one is horse fire/ fire/
entangled in the fire
devil's (albin
demons') net/
Constellation of the
albin [demon]
bandits
Burvabalguni the nakshatra rat/tree south fire/ fire/ two/two
which is like the fire/ fire/
throat of the fire
rakshasa; known as
the predator's spirit
nakshatra; called
the howling red
jackal/
Constellation of all
those who cry out
Udaribalguni the nakshatra of sword/ south air/ fire/ two/two
the tngri (gods); chair air/ air/
known as the fire
nakshatra in which
the good fortune of
a feast is disrupted/
Constellation of the
corpse-like black
messenger

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INTRODUCTION

Qasta the nakshatra of hand/ south air/ fire/ five/five

that which goes hand air/ air/
fast. This is called fire
the nakshatra in
which Erlig's
wolves run/
Constellation in
which wood is
encircled by
flaming fire.
Jayitari, – /Constellation of saber/ south air/ fire/ one/one
Jayitar the vastness of a lotus air/ air/
stag's antlers fire
Suvad'i turns one person wish- south air/ fire/ four/four
into one hundred. fulfilling air/ air/
This is known as jewel/ fire
the nakshatra in wish-
which the rakshasa fulfilling
were flayed in the jewel
land of the gods/
Constellation in
which to
accomplish
something
Suša(, Šuša( the nakshatra of mountain/ south fire/ fire/ four/four
the foreign goat head fire/ fire/
Chinese. This is earth
known as the
nakshatra by which
ada and todqor
(demons)
congregate/
Constellation in
which to build a
treasury

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INTRODUCTION

Anurad the nakshatra in elephant west earth/ six/five

which a widowed head/ metal/
woman seizes all elephant earth/
the lands/ head earth/
Constellation in metal
which one woman
crushes nine men
Èista the nakshatra of antelope west earth/ three/
the simnus. This is king/ metal/ three
known as the holes of a earth/
nakshatra in which corpse earth/
the fearsome ones [eyes and metal
are satisfied/ nose]
Constellation
which makes the
line of the gods
Mul the nakshatra of antelope west water/ three/
the albin (demons). king’s metal/ three
This is known as hair/ mane water/
the nakshatra in of a lion water/
which one wears a metal
breast plate/
Constellation in
which a king is
born and dies
Burvasad the nakshatra of tail/stupa west water/ four/four
the powerful ones/ metal/
Prosperous water/
constellation water/
possessing the metal
seven good
fortunes
Udarisad the nakshatra for elephant/p west earth/ five/four
becoming a jewel incers metal/
of the ministers of earth/
state/ Constellation earth/
of the square metal
bushel

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INTRODUCTION

Abiji the nakshatra of jewel west earth/ four/

the gods; the horse/ metal/ three
nakshatra of death/ elephant earth/
Constellation of the head earth/
singing orphan metal
Širvang, Širvan the nakshatra of elephant west water/ three/
villages and head/ metal/ three
crossroads/ bellows water/
Constellation of earth/
those who in earth
vanquishing are
crushed
Tanista, Tanis – / Constellation of vajra/bird north water/ four/four
the simnus water/
[demons] who hunt earth/
water/
water
Sadabis – / Constellation of everlastin north water/ two/two
all meat-eaters g flower/ water/
flowers water/
earth/
water
Burvabadaribad – / Constellation of cart/tree north fire/ two/one
the great Sun-a water/
fire/ fire/
water
Udaribadaribad – / Constellation of picket north water/ two/two
the meat-eating post/trees water/
elephant water/
water/
water
Rivad'i the old woman's boat/boat north water/ thirty-
spirit nakshatra/ water/ two
Constellation water/ thirty-
which cuts off water/ two
descendants water

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INTRODUCTION

Ašivani, – / Constellation of horse north air/ three/

Ašuvani one person who head/hors water/ three
crushes the enemy e head air/ air/
[menacing] the water
frontier
Barani – / Constellation of lotus/knif north fire/ three/
the eliy-e [demons] e water/ three
who seize people fire/ fire/
earth

IV.14 Other Nakshatra classifications

1. The eight fortunate nakshatra (öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar [60v])

a. in the east

1. Margišar

2. Bus

b. in the south

3. Mig

4. Suvadi

c. in the west

5. Burvasad

6. Udarisad

d. in the north

7. Udaribadaribad

8. Ašivani qoyar

2. The eight personal nakshatra (naiman öber-ün odun [60v])

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INTRODUCTION

a. in the east

1. Ardar

2. Burnavasu

b. in the south

3. Qasta

4. Jayitari

c. in the west

5. Anurad

6. Tanisa

d. in the north

7. Sadabis

8. Burvabadaribad

3. The four nakshatra in which descendants are cut off (dörben ür-e tasura(san odun [60v])

1. Asli(

2. Šuša(

3. Abaji

4. Barani

4. The four ?tan nakshatra [?indicating significance for those of rank, to whom tan is used

as an honorific; or perhaps more likely for tana “pearl,” the four pearl stars] (dörben tan

odun [61r])

1. Rokini

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INTRODUCTION

2. Udaribalguni

3. Mul

4. Rivad'i

5. The four widow stars (dörben belbesün odun [61r])

1. Kerteg

2. Èista

3. Burvabalguni

4. Širvan

6. The Seven clans (61r-61v)

1. The four-wheels clan (dörben kürdün obo()

1. Bus

2. Qastan

3. Abaji

4. Ašivani

2. The unshakeable clan (èingbatu obo()

1. Rokini

2. Udaribalguni

3. Burvasad

4. Udaribadaribad

3. The eminently accommodating clan (maši ¯okilan obo()

1. Margašar

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INTRODUCTION

2. Asli(

3. Jayitari

4. Anurad

5. Rivad'i

4. The severe and fearsome clan (qata(uu do(šin obo()

1. Ardar

2. Burvabalguni

3. Èista

4. Mul

5. The vacillating restless clan (urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo()

1. Burnavasu

2. Suvad'i

3. Širvan

4. Tanis

5. Sadabis

6. The eminently just clan (maši tübšin obo()

1. Mig

2. Burvasad

3. Burvabadaribad

4. Barani

7. The firm but gentle clan (èing böged ¯ögelen obo()

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INTRODUCTION

1. Kerteg

2. Šuša(

Star systems similar to the nakshatra exist among the Chinese and Arabs. Whereas

scholars are now fairly certain the Arab system, known as al-manâzil, was based primarily

on that of the Hindus (Clerke 1911: 997a; Pingree 1963: 229f), the relationship between the

nakshatra and the Chinese system, known as the xiu, is still uncertain. The Indian nakshatra

are part of ancient Indian astrology. They are mentioned in the Rg Veda, but there their

meaning may be more general. By 1,000-800 B.C. the system was undoubtedly in place

(Krupp 1991: 208). The names of 25 xiu show up in oracle-bone inscriptions from the Shang

dynasty (1766-1122 BC). However, the full system of 28 terms is found intact only in 433

BC (Sun 1997: 19). In the early comparative studies of these three systems, a rousing debate

over their origins or ultimate origin was waged by the likes of the French physicist J-B. Biot,

who argued for a Chinese origin; M. Müller and E. Burgess, who argued that as for the

nakshatra, they are of Indian origin; and W. Whitney and Weber, who argued that all three

systems likely derived from Mesopotamia (Whitney 1866: 1-94, 382-398; Burgess 1866:

309-334).63 In recent years the idea of an ultimate Mesopotamian origin was carried on by

Joseph Needham, although David Pingree points out, no parallel cuneiform tablet has yet

been found (Pingree 1963: 229; cf. also Falk 2000: 107-108). Nonetheless, in ancient

63
The first attested appearance of the nakshatra in China is in AD 230 with the
translation of the Mâtanga-sûtra into Chinese (Ho 2000: 83).

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INTRODUCTION

Mesopotamia there was a system of seventeen constellations, described as “Gods standing

in the path of the moon,” which also began with the Pleiades in ascendent at the time of the

vernal equinox (Koch-Westenholz 1995: 132; Falk 2000: 107-108).

The two nakshatra systems given in the manual, as mentioned, are combinations of

both the Indian and Chinese systems. As for Indian nakshatra systems, after an uneven first

attempt by William Jones (Jones 1799: 289-305), these are described in H. T. Colbrooke’s

article, “On the Indian and Arabian Divisions of the Zodiack,” Asiatic Researches 9 (1809):

322-376. In making his study Colebrooke synthesizes a number of sources, including: the

Ratnamâlâ of Srîpati; Sûryasiddhânta; Sirômani; Grahalâghava; Muhûrta Chintâmani;

Abharana; as well as works by Vasishtha and Sacalya. Of these Srîpati’s Ratnamâlâ is the

best source for the figures of the asterisms, as well as for their number (Colebrooke 1809:

325). This is the main source for Jones, Colebrooke and Burgess’ later studies as well. In

his translation and explication of the Sûryasiddhânta, E. Burgess supplements Colebrooke’s

work with Al-Biruni’s explication of the Khan}d}a-Kat}aka, a treatise or a chapter of a treatise

by Brahmagupta, the works of whom Colebrooke did not have available (Burgess 1859: 325-

355; cf. also Sachau 1971: 84-5). An extension of the sphere of the Indian nakshatra is

found in the Uygur system given in G. R. Rachmati's Türkische Turfan-Texte VII (Rachmati

1972: 299-301). The Chinese xiu are described in G. Schlegel’s Uranographie chinois of

1875. Schlegel uses the Tian yuan lili quanshu (Complete treatise on Calendars) by Xu Fa,

1682, to give a complete survey of Chinese star names and correlate them with their Western

equivalents. Schlegel’s study has been followed closely with minor corrections by J. Staal.

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INTRODUCTION

Western correspondences of the constellations also can be found in Mathews’ dictionary

(Mathews, 1177). For the nakshatra stars in Tibetan sources there is W. Petri’s synoptic

study of the Tibetan, Uygur and Hindu systems (Petri 1966: 83-90). Two sources of the

nakshatra in other Mongolian sources are 1) Kowaleski's Dictionnaire Mongol-Russe-

Français, which references the 'urban ¯üil üge qadamal ü¯eküi-dür kilbar bol(a(san bièig

(Polyglot easy reference guide) for some of the nakshatra (Kowalewski 1941: passim), and

2) Tngri-yin udq-a, a translation of the Chinese system into Mongolian (and Tibetan) made

between 1711 and 1712 and carved in 1715 (TU, 1).

In the table of correspondences below (A) and (B) refer to the two nakshatra systems

found in the manual; (K) = Kowalewski’s dictionary; (T) = Tngri-yin udq-a; (kh) = the

Khan}d}a-Kat}aka. Following Burgess’ table of correspondences, under the column “Indian

and Chinese” the criteria for correspondence is less exacting than otherwise. The respective

asterisms share some of the same stars, though not necessarily all, nor the same number of

stars (Burgess 1859: 344). When correspondence is merely general, the number is in

parentheses. Parentheses are not used when correspondence is more or less exact. Petri’s

results are not included in this study because in no case do Tibetan discrepancies with Indian

sources correspond to the discrepancies in the manual.

IV.15 Correspondences of the Asterism Systems:

the Manual, Indian, Uygur, Chinese and Other Mongolian Sources

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INTRODUCTION

M ongolian M anual M anual M anual M anual Indian Indian Chinese and

Name and and and and Other and and Other
Indian Uygur Chinese M ongolian Chinese Uygur M ongolian
Sources Sources

Kerteg 1 1 -- -- (1) 1 1
Rôkini 2 2 -- -- (2) 2 2
Margišar 3 3 1 -- 3 3 --
Ardar -- -- -- 1 (B/K) -- 4 --
Burnavasu -- -- 2 (B) 2 (B) -- 5 3
Bus 4 4 -- -- (4) 6 4
Asli( 5 5 -- -- (5) 7 5
Mig 6 6 -- -- -- 8 6
Burva- 7 7 -- 3 -- 9 7 (T)
balguni (A,B/K)
Udari- 8 8 -- -- -- 10 8
balguni
Qasta 9 9 -- 4 (6) -- --
(A,B/T)
Jayitari 10 10 -- 5 (7) 11 9 (T)
(A,B/K)
Suvad'i -- -- 3 6 (8) 12 10
Šuša( 11 – 4 7 9 13 11
Anurad ? ?11 -- -- 10 14 12
Èista 12 12 5 8 11 15 13
Mul -- -- -- -- 12 ? 14
Burvasad 13 13 6 9 13 16 15
(A,B/
kh)
Udarisad 14 14 -- -- (14) 17 16
(B/kh) (kh)

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INTRODUCTION

Abiji 15 (B) 15 (B) -- -- -- 18 17

Širvang 16 16 -- -- -- 19 18
Tanista 17 17 -- -- -- 20 19
Sadabis -- -- -- -- -- -- 20 (T)
Burva- 18 (A) 18 (A) 7 (A) 10 (A) 15 21 21
badaribad
Udari- 19 19 8 11 16 22 22
badaribad
Rivad'i 20 ? -- -- ? ? 23
Ašivani 21 20 9 12 17 23 24
Barani 22 21 -- ? ?18 24 25

What this table shows is that while the manual does not correspond perfectly with any

of the sources given here, it is much more closely aligned with the Indian and Uygur systems

than those of the Chinese. There is also little correlation between the manual and the other

Mongolian sources, although there is more correspondence with the nakstatra given in

Kowaleski's Dictionnaire Mongol-Russe-Français (Kowalewski 1844: passim) than with

those found in Tngri-yin udq-a, which very consistently follow the Chinese (as is obvious

from comparison with Schlegel [Tngri-yin udq-a, 1990: 895-919]). In two instances the

manual does not correspond to any other source, Mul and Sadabis. In five cases system A

in the manual does not correspond with any other: Ardar, Burnavasu, Mul, Abiji, Sadabid.

In three cases system B does not correspond with any other: Mul, Sadabis, Burvabadaribad.

In three instances, Ardar, Mul, Sadabis, neither system in the manual conforms to the Indian,

Uygur, or Chinese. In system B Ardar corresponds with Kowalewski’s source, but no other,

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INTRODUCTION

either Indian or Chinese. In only one case does the manual (system B) correspond with the

Chinese, when the Chinese does not correspond with the Indian, Burnavasu. Sadabis in

Kowalewski corresponds with the Uygur.

As for the general study of these asterism systems, the table shows four important

phenomena. First, the correspondence between Indian and Chinese systems is rather high;

second, the Indian system is more variable or fluid than the Chinese; third, intermingling of

both Indian and Chinese systems is common; and four, the study reveals a gradual

assimilation of Chinese stars into the Indian system. Šuša( in early Hindu sources has two

stars. Later sources give the same four stars as the 3rd Chinese asterism, Di. The manual also

has four stars and expressly notes the asterism is of foreign Chinese origin (29r). The Uygur

system retains the two stars of the earlier Hindu sources. With Ašivani, the manual, Uygur,

and later Indian sources all conform to the 16th Chinese asterism Lou comprising three stars,

", $, ( Aries, while early Hindu sources give two stars, a number given in the etymology of

the nakshatra, Aúvinî “the two horsemen.”

As for star-lore, the nakshatra epithets or regents bear no relationship with those of

the Indian and Chinese systems. There is some correspondence, however, between the

figures given in the manual and those of the Indian or the Chinese systems. This

correspondence is much closer to the Indian systems than the Chinese. For the Indian

sources, see Burgess (1858: 327-344) and Colebrooke (1809: 330-346). For the Chinese

sources, see Mathews (passim) and Schafer (1977: 76-77, 81).

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INTRODUCTION

IV.16 Table of Nakshatra Figures in Manual, Indian and Chinese Sources

Nakshatra Manual Indian Sources Chinese

Kerteg razor razor setting sun/mane
Rôkini cart wain, i.e., a large hand-net/net
cart
Margišar antelope’s head antelope’s head mouth/beak
Ardar saw/two flowers gem supreme
commander/triaster
Burnavasu tripod/ridgepole of a house well
house
Bus scissors/turtle ?arrow disembodied spirit
(mane or ghost)
Asli( snake’s head sarpâs (serpents) willow
Mig snout/horse house/lion’s mane and asterism
heart
Burvabalguni rat/tree couch or bedstead net/spread
Udaribalguni sword/chair couch or bedstead wing
Qasta hand hand carriage/axle tree
Jayitari sword/lotus pear or lamp horn
Suvad'i wish fulfilling name means “sword”; neck/gullet
jewel figured as coral bead,
gem or pearl
Šuša( mountain/goat’s gateway foundation/base
head
Anurad elephant’s head ?a row of oblations house/chamber
Èista antelope king/holes ring, earring or heart
of a corpse pendant

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INTRODUCTION

Mul hairs of the head of lion’s tail tail

the antelope
king/lion’s mane
Burvasad tail/stupa bed, couch or basket/winnower
elephant’s tusk
Udarisad elephant/basket bed, couch or peck/dipper
elephant’s tusk
Abiji jewel horse/head of triangle ox
an elephant
Širvan elephant three footsteps of virgin/woman
head/bellows Vishnu or triangle
Tanista vajra/bird ?drum or tabor empty/barrens
Sadabis everlasting cluster of stars figured summit/roof
flower/flower by a circle
Burvabadaribad cart/tree couch or bed, a Janus- house
faced figure, or twins
Udaribadaribad picketpost/tree couch or bed, a Janus- wall
faced figure, or twins
Rivad'i boat drum or tabor pace/straddler
Ašivani horse’s head horse’s head reaper
Barani lotus/knife yoni or pudendum grain guard/
muliebre stomach

The table shows five more or less exact correspondences and eight near correspondences

between the manual and Indian systems. In addition to these there are other correspondences,

as well. The least ambiguous of these is that in system B the manual gives a basket as the

figure of Udarisad. This corresponds in figure and number of stars to the 7th Chinese

asterism, ji “the basket,” which goes with the preceding nakshatra, Burvasad. As the figures

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INTRODUCTION

of these two asterisms form a pair, their figure is more or less arbitrary, and so, in this respect

the correspondence with the Chinese can be said to be exact.

A description of each nakshatra is as follows:

IV.17 The Twenty-eight Nakshatra

Kerteg [S. kr}ttik~]; the Pleiades; 1st of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the final month of

winter in the Kâlacakra (17r); first of the stars (33r); the good gate (33r); the gate of heaven

(33r); the cord of west and east (34r); a good day for building a temple, hermitage or house

(37r); planting a crop (55v); mixing medicine (56r); when it coincides with Monday, it is a

time to die (45r); when it coincides with Sunday, it is one of the seven days of demons (45r);

when it coincides with Wednesday it is one of the seven days in which to conquer šimnus

demons (45r); it is a bad day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off a daughter

(53r); the head of its protective animal is the monkey’s (59r); one of the meritorious

asterisms; good for performing pious and meritorious acts (60v); on of the four widow stars

(61r); it belongs to the firm and soft clan (61v); its orientation is east; of the four elements,

its element is fire (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is water (25r, 61r); in one

system it is known as the city on the verge of entering a nine-eyed iron net, the majestic one;

its figure is a razor; and its number of stars is six; in another system it is known as the gate

of the god who goes to battle; its figure is again a razor; and its number of stars again is six;

in the Uygur Turfan texts its comprised of six stars, the Pleiades, the brightest of which is

0 Tauri (Rachmati 1972: 299); in Indian sources the regent of the asterism is Agni, the god

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INTRODUCTION

of fire; it is also composed of six stars and figured as a razor (Burgess 1859: 328-329); it

corresponds to the 18th Chinese asterism, mao (Mathews 4370), comprising seven stars, the

Pleiades (Schlegel 1967: 351); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Kirtig,

the seven stars of Pleiades (Kowalewski 1941: 2553); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Kirtig; seven

stars (TU, 912).

Rôkini/Rokini [S. rohin}§ “ruddy”]; 2nd of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the one that makes

one oxen one hundred (33v); makes a rich man poor (33v); it is a good day for a ruler to take

the throne or a noble to receive a title (37r); building a temple or dwelling (37r); blessing a

temple, scripture or Buddha image (37v); bringing a bride into one’s household (51r);

planting a crop (55v); tailoring a robe or clothing (55v); under it one will vanquish others

(37v); when it coincides with Saturday, it is one of seven fortunate occasions of the

nakshatra and wandering stars (45r); if one takes a bride when it coincides with Thursday

or Saturday, the bride will bring danger (52r); when it coincides with Friday, the bride will

not suit (52r); it is a bad day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off a daughter

(53r); it is one of the fortunate stars (kešig-ün odun), 60v); the head of its protective animal

is the dog’s (59r); it is one of the four tan stars (61r); it belongs to the unshakeable (èingbatu)

clan (61r); its orientation is east; of the four elements, its element is earth (21r, 45v, 59v);

of the five elements, its element is wood (25v, 61r); in one system it is known as the

nakshatra of the spirit of the Rakshasa; its figure is the wheel of a cart; its number of stars

is five; in another system it is known as the asterism which makes a rich person poor; its

figure is a cart; and its number of stars is seven; in the Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised of

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five stars, g *,(,h, " Tauri (Rachmati 1972: 299); in Indian sources its divinity is Prajâpati,

“the lord of created beings,”; it contains five stars; its figure is usually a wain, i.e., a large

cart; in some it is a temple; it also is comprised of g *,(,h, " Tauri (Burgess 1859: 329);

it corresponds to the 19th Chinese asterism, bi/pi, the “hand-net”(Mathews 5120), comprising

eight stars at the head of Taurus, namely, Hyades (Schlegel 1967: 365-366); as for other

Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Rokini, a lunar station in Taurus (Kowalewski

1941: 2662); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Rôkini, eight stars (TU, 913).

Margišar [S. mr}gaÑir~ha “antelope’s head”]; 3rd of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the first

month of winter in the Kâlacakra (18r); according to the customs of the tantra of Vajrad}~kin§

and Cakrasambara the New Year is celebrated on the sixteenth day of the Margišar month,

on the day of the winter solstice (3r); it is known as a very great nakshatra (25v); the one that

makes a ruler lose his descendants (33v); if it coincides with Thursday, it is a bad occasion

bringing death (45r); when it coincides with Thursday, it is one of seven days of the šimnus

demons (45r); if it coincides with a Ram day, it is bad (46v); it is a good day for setting out

on a journey (48v); doing battle with an enemy (48v); bringing a bride into one’s household

(51r, 53r); planting a crop (55v); mixing medicine (56r); teaching writing or mathematics or

becoming a monk (56v); it is one of the virtuous stars (60v); it belongs to the eminently

accommodating clan (61r); in it the peace will last (37v); the head of its protective animal

is the fox’s (59r); its orientation is east; of the four elements, its element is air (21r, 45v,

59v); of the five elements, its element is wood (25v, 61r); in one system it is known as the

nakshatra in which gods, humans and demons, all three, are gathered; its figure is an

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antelope head and its number of stars is three; in another system is known as the nakshatra

of uniform and gentle appearance; its figure is again the antelope head and its number of stars

is three; in the Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised of three stars, 8,n1,n2 Orionis; in Indian

sources its divinity is Soma, the moon; it also contains three stars, 8,n1,n2 Orionis (Burgess

1859: 329-330); it corresponds to the 20th Chinese asterism, zui/tsui (Mathews 6856), “the

mouth,” comprising three stars forming a triangle, 8,n1,n2 Orionis (Schlegel 1967: 391);

Tngri-yin udq-a gives Margšir, seven stars (TU, 914).

Ardar [S. ârdrâ “moist”]; 4th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; it is a good day for blessing

a monastery, scripture or Buddha image (37v); mounting a military campaign (48v); doing

battle with an enemy (48v); in it good fortune increases well (37v); when it coincides with

Tuesday, it is an occasion for burning (45r); when it coincides with Wednesday, it is one of

the seven days of the šimnus demons (45r); if it coincides with the Ram day, the omen is bad

(46v); it is bad day for bringing a bride into one’s household or marrying off a daughter

(53r); for putting on a robe (56r); it is one of the stars of travelers; travelers should not depart

(60v); it belongs to the severe and fearsome clan (61v); the head of its protective animal is

the cow’s (59r); its orientation is east; of the four elements its element is either earth (21r,

45v) or water (59v); of the five elements, its element is wood (26r, 61r); in one system it is

the nakshatra which was calculated in the astrology of ?Biqar monastery; its figure is a saw;

its number of stars is nine; in another system it is known as the nakshatra of the demons by

which a thing is lost in the water; its figure is two flowers; its number of stars is two; in the

Uygur Turfan texts it is given as one star, " Orionis (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources

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its regent is Rudra, the storm-god; it is figured like a gem; and comprises one star, " Orionis

(Burgess 1859: 330); it corresponds to the 21st Chinese asterism, shen (Mathews 6685.h) “the

august,”comprising seven stars, ., ,, *, " Betelgeuse, ( Bellatrix, P and $ of Orion (Schlegel

1967: 392); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Ardir, N, P of Orion

(Kowalewski 1941: 161); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Ardii, three stars (TU, 914).

Burnavasu [S. punarvasu < punar “again;” vasu “good”]; 5th of the twenty-eight nakshatra;

the one that brings about the kalpa of air (33r); causes a master the let go in the interval of

seizing demons (33v); when it coincides with Thursday it is one of the seven days in which

to conquer šimnus demons ( 45r); it is a good day for setting out on a journey (48v);

mounting a military campaign (48v); bringing a bride into one’s household (53r); planting

a crop (55v); tailoring a robe or clothing (55v); putting in a robe (56r); teaching writing or

mathematics or allowing one to become a monk (56v); the head of its protective animal is

the pig’s (59r); one of the asterisms of good fortune (60v); on of the personal nakshatra

(60v); it belongs to the vacillating and restless clan (61v); its orientation is east; of the four

elements, its element is air (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is wood (26r,

61r); in one system it is known as the nakshatra in which one is cut off from one's relatives;

this is the nakshatra in which the traveler sets out on a journey; its figure is the legs of a

tripod; its number of stars is three; in another system it is the nakshatra which makes the way

of the traveler difficult; its figure is the ridgepole of a house; and its number of stars is eight;

in the Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised of two stars, $, " Geminorum (Rachmati 1972:

300); in Indian sources its regent is Aditi, the mother of the Âdityas; it usually comprises two

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stars, $, " Geminorum, sometimes four stars; in the latter case, it is figured as a house

(Burgess 1859: 330-331); it corresponds to the 22nd Chinese asterism, jing/ching (Mathews

1143), “the well,” comprising eight stars, 8, ., *, ,, >, (, <, : Gemini (Schlegel 1967: 404);

as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Burnavasu, , , ., 0, 8, :, <, >, h of

Gemini (Kowalewski 1941: 1219); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Burnavašu, eight stars (TU, 915).

Bus/Pus [S. pus}ya < push “nourish, thrive”]; 6th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the

celebration of the Bodhisattva Mañjuúri's birth is the day when the thirteenth, the Tiger day,

together with Thursday coincide with the Pus}ya nakshatra (2v); the middle month of winter

in the Kâlacakra (19r); it is a good day to bless a temple, scripture, or Buddha image (37v);

setting out on a journey (48v); mounting a military campaign (48v); bringing a bride into

one’s household (51r); bringing a bride into one’s household (53r); tailoring a robe or

clothing (55v); mixing medicine (56r); teaching writing or mathematics or allowing one to

become a monk (56v); receiving a consecration (56v); when it coincides with Friday it is one

of the seven days of the šimnus demons (45r); if one takes a bride when it coincides with

Friday, the bride will bring danger (52r); the head of its protective animal is the goat’s (59r);

one of eight nakshatra in which good fortune resides (60v); it is one of the nakshatra for

performing magic (bütügekü-yin odun); it is good for the deeds of the recipients [of a magical

rite] (60v); it belongs to the four-wheels clan (61r); its orientation is east; of the four

elements, its element is fire (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is wood (27r,

61r); in one system it is known as the nakshatra of the orphan boy who seizes all of the great

middle lands; its figure is a scissors; its number of stars is three; in another system it is the

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nakshatra of the lord of solitary and orphaned people; its figure is the turtle; and its number

of stars is three; in the Uygur Turfan texts its three stars are *, (, h Cancri (Rachmati 1972:

300); in Indian sources its divinity is Brhaspati, the priest and teacher of the gods; it usually

comprises three stars, *, (, h Cancri; in the Khan}d}a-Kat}aka it has but one star (Burgess

1859: 331); it corresponds to the 23rd Chinese asterism, gui/kuei (Mathews 3634),

“disembodied spirit, mane,” comprising four stars, (, *, 0, 2 (Schlegel 1967: 435); as for

other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Bus sara, the 12th month (Kowalewski 1941:

1168); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Bus, four stars (TU, 916).

Asli(/As’li( [S. âúlesâ “the one that entwines; embraces”]; 7th of the twenty-eight

nakshatra; the one that multiplies sheep one hundred fold (33v); it is a bad day for mounting

a miliary campaign (48v); a good day for receiving a consecration (56v); one of the traveler’s

stars; travelers should not depart (60v); one the four stars in which descendants are cut off

(61r); belongs to the eminently accommodating clan (61r); the head of its protective animal

is the snake’s (59r); its orientation is east; of the four elements, its element is water (21r, 45v,

59v); of the five elements, its element is either wood (27r) or earth (61r); in one system it is

known as the nakshatra in which the three thieves deliberate; its figure is a snake’s head; and

its number of stars is six; in another system it is the nakshatra which [makes] a line to the

northwest; its figure is again a snake’s head; but its number of stars is five; in the Uygur

Turfan texts its diagram shows six stars, but only five are named, g, *, F, 0, k Hydrae

(Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources it is ruled by the sarpâs, serpents; their

configuration is represented by a wheel; the number of stars is stated as five by all authorities

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INTRODUCTION

except the Khan}d}a-Kat}aka, which gives six; the five stars are again 0,F, *, g, k Hydrae

(Burgess 1859: 332); it corresponds to the 24th Chinese asterism, liu “the willow” (Mathews

4097), comprising eight stars, *, F, 0, D, ,, ., T, h Hydra (Schlegel 1967: 441); as for other

Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Aslis, *, ,, ., 0, 2, k, F, T of Hydra (Kowalewski

1941: 57); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Aslis, eight stars (TU, 916).

Mig [S. maghâ “mighty”]; 8th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; according to the Chinese

sutra, Lii-du ting sang, it conforms with the Tiger month, the first month of spring (2v);

according to the Kâlacakrists of India it is the final month of winter (8r); the one that allows

a crippled person to climb a rock (33v); the auspicious great elephant (34r); it is a good day

for building a citadel (37r); building a temple or home (37r); doing battle with an enemy

(48v); planting a crop (55v); when it coincides with Sunday, it is an occasion for burning

(45r); when it coincides with Tuesday, it is one of the seven days of the šimnus demons (45r);

if one takes a bride when it coincides with Friday, she will divorce (52r); it is generally a

good day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off a daughter (53r); it is a bad day

to put on a robe (56r); teaching writing or mathematics or allowing one to become a monk

(56v); the head of its protective animal is the snake’s (59r); it is one of the asterisms of

enemies (60v); one of the stars in the south in which good fortune resides (60v); it belongs

to the eminently just clan (61v); its orientation is south; of either the four or five elements,

its element is fire (21r, 27v, 45v, 59v, 61r); in one system it is the nakshatra in which one

is entangled in the devil's (albin demons') net; its figure is a snout and its number of stars is

six; in another system it is the nakshatra of the albin [demon] bandits; its figure is a horse

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and its number of stars again is six; in the Uygur Turfan texts its diagram shows seven stars,

but six are named, ", 0, (, ., :, g Leonis (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources its regent

are the pitaras, fathers or manes of the departed; it is figured as a house; whereas other

Indian sources usually give five stars, the Khan}d}a-Kat}aka gives six; the five stars are “The

Sickle,” ", 0, ., :, g Leonis (Burgess 1859: 332-333); it corresponds to the 25th Chinese

asterism, xing/hsing “the constellation” (Mathews 2772), comprising seven stars in the shape

of a hook to the southeast of the constellation Leo (Schlegel 1967: 448); Tngri-yin udq-a

gives Mig, seven stars (TU, 917).

Burvabalguni [S. pûrvâphalgunî < pûrvâ “former”; phalgunî “a kind of fig tree”]; 9th of

the twenty-eight nakshatra; causes order to be disrupted at a feast (33v); it is a good day for

building a citadel (37r); building a temple or home (37r); doing battle with an enemy (48v);

bringing a bride into one’s household (51r); if one takes a bride when it coincides with

Sunday, the bride will not suit (52r); the head of its protective animal is the peacock’s (59r);

one of the nakshatra of death (60v); one of the four widow nakshtatra (61r); belongs to the

severe and fearsome clan (61v); its orientation is south; of both the four and five elements,

its element is fire (21r, 27v, 45v, 59v, 61r); in one system it is known as the nakshatra which

is like the throat of the rakshasa; known as the predator's spirit nakshatra; called the howling

red jackal; its figure is a rat and its number of stars is two; in another system it is known as

the nakshatra of all those who cry out; its figure is a tree; its number of stars is two; in the

Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised of two stars, *, h Leonis (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian

sources a couch or bedstead is given for the figure of this or its complementary nakshatra,

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Uttaraphalgunî; it is comprised of two stars, *, h Leonis; the corresponding Arab asterism

is called az-Zubrah, “the mane” i.e., of the Lion (Burgess 1859: 333-334); it corresponds to

the 26th Chinese asterism, zhang/chang (Mathews 195), “the net,” comprising six stars, L,

8, N, :, P, < Hydra (Schlegel 1967: 463); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists

it as Burvabalguni, the 11th constellation comprised of two stars, one of which is * of Leo)

(Kowalewski 1941: 1224); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Burvapalguni, six stars (TU, 917).

Udaribalguni/Udarabalguni [S. uttaraphalgunî “the latter phalgunî”]; 10th of the twenty-

eight nakshatra; the first month of spring in the Kâlacakra (9r); it is a good day for building

a citadel (37r); a ruler to take the throne or a noble to receive a title (37r); building a temple

or home (37r); blessing a temple, scripture or Buddha image (37v); mounting a military

campaign (48v); teaching writing or mathematics or allowing one to become a monk (56v);in

this a blessing becomes great (37v); if it coincides with the Dog day it is bad (46v); it is

generally a good day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off a daughter (53r); it

is one of the enemy stars (60v); its one of the four tan stars (61r); it belongs to the

unshakeable clan (61r); the head of its protective animal is the bear’s (59r); its orientation

is south; of the four elements, its element is air (21r, 45v, 59r); of the five elements, its

element is fire (28r, 61r); in one system it is known as the nakshatra of the gods (tngri-ner)

(27v); the nakshatra in which the good fortune of a feast is disrupted; its figure is a sword

and its number of stars is two; in another system it is known as the nakshatra of the corpse-

like black messenger; its figure is a chair and its number of stars again is two; in the Uygur

Turfan texts its diagram shows six stars, but only two are stated, $, 93 Leonis (Rachmati

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1972: 300); in Indian sources a couch or bedstead is given for the figure; it is comprised of

two stars, again, $, 93 Leonis (Burgess 1859: 333-334) it corresponds to the 27th Chinese

asterism, yi/i (Mathews 3051), “wing,” comprising twenty-two stars in Crater and Hydra

(Schlegel 1967: 466-467); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as

Udaribalguni, the 12th constellation; contains all of the stars of the Vase (Aquarius) [sic] and

11 others in Hydra (Kowalewski 1941: 383); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Udaripalguni, twenty-

two stars (TU, 918).

Qasta [S. hasta “hand”]; 11th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the one that causes a lowly

commoner to enter the ranks of ministers (33v); Queen Vim-a (34r); if it coincides with

Sunday it is one of the seven holy water occasions (44v); if it coincides with Sunday it is one

of the seven fortunate occasions (44v); if it coincides with Saturday it is bad occasion that

brings death (45r); if it coincides with a Dog day it is bad (46v); it is a good day for setting

out on a journey (48v); mounting a military campaign (48v); tailoring a robe or clothing

(55v); mixing medicine (56r); it is a bad day to bring a bride into one's household or marry

off a daughter (53r); one of six nakshatra good for receiving a consecration (56v); one of the

erlig stars (60v); one of the eight personal stars (60v); it belongs to the four-wheels clan

(61r); the head of its protective animal is the snake’s (59r); its orientation is south; of the four

elements, its element is air (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is fire (28r, 61r);

in one system it is known as the nakshatra of that which goes fast. This is called the

nakshatra in which Erlig's wolves run; its figure is a hand and its number of stars is five; in

another system, it is the nakshatra in which wood is encircled by flaming fire; its figure again

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is a hand and its number of stars, five; in the Uygur Turfan texts it comprises one star *

Corvi (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources its regent is Savitar, the sun; it is figured as

a hand and contains five stars, *, (, g, ", $ Corvi (Burgess 1859: 334); it corresponds to the

28th Chinese asterism, zhen/chen “the carriage” (Mathews 307), comprising four central stars

$, *, (, , Corvus and two others " and 0 Corvus (Schlegel 1967: 477-478); as for other

Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Qasta “hand; horn;” a lunar constellation; $, (,

* Corbeau (Kowalewski 1941: 767); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Qasta, five stars (TU, 918).

Jayitari/Èayitari/Jayitar [S. citrâ “brilliant”]; 12th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the

middle month of spring in the Kâlacakra (10r); the middle month of spring in the Kâlacakra

is made the first month of the year (3r); the one that brings about the kalpa of water (33r);

the meat-eating elephant (34r); it is a bad day for building a temple or home (37v); if one

takes a bride, if it coincides with Saturday, the bride will divorce (52r); it is a good day for

planting a crop (55v); tailoring a robe or clothing (55v); mixing medicine (56r); the head of

its protective animal is the tiger’s (59r); one of the meritorious stars (60v); it belongs to the

eminently accommodating clan (61r); its orientation is south; of the four elements, its

element is air (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is fire (28r, 61r); in one

system its figure is a saber; this attribute, however, more likely belongs to the following

nakshatra, Suvadi (S. svâti “sword”); its number of stars is one; in another system it is

known as the nakshatra of the vastness of a stag's antlers; its figure is a lotus and its number

of stars is one; in the Uygur Turfan texts its comprised of one star, " Virginis (Spica)

(Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources its divinity is Tvashtar, “the shaper, artificer;” it is

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INTRODUCTION

figured as a pearl or as a lamp; its one star again is " Virginis (Spica) (Burgess 1859: 334);

it corresponds to the 1st Chinese asterism, jiao/chiao “horn” (Mathews 1174), comprising

two stars, " and . Virgo (Schlegel 1967: 87-89); as for other Mongolian sources,

Kowalewski lists it as Èayitar-a odun, the 14th lunar asterism; where one finds the star " at

the center of Virgo (Kowalewski 1941: 2076); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Jidra, two stars (TU,

900).

Suvadi/Suvad’i [S. svâti “sword”]; 13th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the one that

multiplies one man one hundred fold (33v); it is a bad day for building a temple or home

(37v); when it coincides with Saturday it is one the seven days for conquering the šimnus

demons (45r); it is a good day for bringing a bride into one’s household (51r); planting a crop

(55v); tailoring a robe or clothing (56r); mixing medicine (56r); teaching writing or

mathematics or allowing one to become a monk (56v); it is generally a good day to bring a

bride into one's household or marry off a daughter (53r); it is one of the stars for

accomplishing [magic]; it is good for the recipient [of magical rites] (60v); it is one of the

fortunate nakshatra in the south (60v); it belongs to the vacillating restless clan (61v);

the head of its protective animal is the stag’s (59r); its orientation is south; of the four

elements, its element is air (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is fire (28v, 61r);

in one system it is known as the nakshatra that turns one person into one hundred. This is

known as the nakshatra in which the rakshasa were flayed in the land of the gods; its figure

is a wish-fulfilling jewel (cintâmani); its number of stars is four; in another system it is the

nakshatra in which to accomplish something, i.e., to do magic; its figure again is the wish-

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INTRODUCTION

fulfilling jewel (cintâmani) and its number is four; in the Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised

of one star " Bootis (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources it comprises a single star, "

Bootis, and is figured as a coral bead, gem, or pearl (Burgess 1859: 335); it corresponds to

the 2nd Chinese asterism, kang/k’ang (> gang/kang “neck, i.e., the neck of the Blue Dragon”

(Mathews 3273)), comprising four stars, 4, 6, 8, : Virgo (Schlegel 1967: 93-96); as for other

Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Suvadi, 4, P, 8, < of Virgo (Kowalewski 1941:

1419); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Suvadi, four stars (TU, 901).

Šuša(/Suša( [S. viúâkhâ “having spreading branches”]; 14th of the twenty-eight

nakshatra; it is the final month of spring in the Kâlacakra (11r); it is known as the nakshatra

of the foreign Chinese (29r); it is a bad day for building a temple or home (37v); when it

coincides with Wednesday it is one of seven occasions for holy water (44v); when it

coincides with Monday it is an occasion for burning (45r); if one takes a bride when it

coincides with Wednesday, the bride will bring danger (52r); it is good for bringing a bride

into one’s household (53r); it is a good day for tailoring a robe or clothing (55v); putting on

a robe (56r); teaching writing or mathematics or allowing one to become a monk (56v); it is

one of six nakshatra good for receiving a consecration (56v); one of the enemy stars (60v);

it belongs to the firm but gentle clan (61v); the head of its protective animal is the tiger’s

(59r); its orientation is south; of the four elements, its element is fire (21r, 45v, 59v); of the

five elements, its element is either fire (29r) or earth (61r); in one system it is known as the

nakshatra by which ada and todqor (demons) congregate; its figure is a mountain and its

number is four; in another system it is the nakshatra in which to build a treasury; its figure

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is a goat’s head and its number is four; in the Uygur Turfan texts it comprises two stars, 4 and

( Librae (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources it comes under the regency of Indra and

Agni; early sources, including the Khan}d}a-Kat}aka, give two stars. Later authorities give four

stars: (, $, ", 4 Librae, figured as a gateway (Burgess 1859: 335); it corresponds to the 3rd

Chinese asterism, di/ti “foundation” (Mathews 6187), comprising four stars, ", $, (, 4 Libre

(Schlegel 1967: 102); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Šuša(, ", $, (,

4 of Libra (Kowalewski 1941: 1540); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Šuša(, four stars (TU, 902).

Anurad [S. anurâdhâ “success”]; the 15th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; Anurad day (8v,

9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v); on the 24th day (of the Tiger

month) by its coincidence with Monday, the good and bad auspices of the hours will be

foretold (8r); the one that brings sight to the blind (33v); the six sickle stars (34r); the one

that causes a woman to see the face of nine men (34r); in it supreme magic is found (38r);

when it coincides with Monday, there will be an occasion for one of the seven ambrosia

(44v); when it coincides with Wednesday there is an occasion for one of the seven blessings

(44v); when it coincides with Sunday it is a bad occasion that brings death (45r); it is a good

day for setting out on a journey (48v); it is a bad day for mounting a military campaign (48v);

it is a good day for doing battle with an enemy (48v); if one takes a bride when it coincides

with Monday or Tuesday, the bride will not suit (52r); it is a bad day for bringing a bride into

one’s household (53r); it is a good day for planting a crop (55v); tailoring a robe or clothing

(55v); putting on a robe (56r); teaching writing or mathematics or allowing one to become

a monk (56v); the head of its protective animal is the ?bear’s (geresengeri) (59r); it is one

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of the meritorious nakshatra (60v); one of the personal nakshatra (60v); it belongs to the

eminently accommodating clan (61r); its orientation is west; of the four elements, its element

is earth (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is metal (29r, 61r); in one system

it is known as the nakshatra in which a widowed woman seizes all the lands; its figure is an

elephant’s head and its number of stars is six; in another system it is the nakshatra in which

one woman crushes nine men; its figure is again an elephant’s head, but its number of stars

is five; in the Uygur Turfan texts its diagram shows five stars, but only three are named, *,

$, B Scorpionis (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources its divinity is Mitra, “friend,” one

of the Âdityas; according to the Úakalya, it is composed of three stars; all other sources give

four stars; it is figured as a bali or vali, “?a row of oblations”; the three stars are as those in

the Uygur text above; the four stars are $,*, B, k Scorpionis (Burgess 1859: 337); it

corresponds to the 4th Chinese asterism, fang “house” (Mathews 1806), comprising four stars,

$, *, B, D Scorpio (Schlegel 1967: 113); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists

it as Anarad/Anurad, the 17th nakshatra, $, *, B, k of Scorpio (Kowalewski 1941: 11); Tngri-

yin udq-a gives Anurad, four stars (TU, 903).

Èista [S. jyes}t}h~ “oldest”]; 16th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the Èista day (8v, 9v, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v); the first month of summer in the

Kâlacakra (12r); the celestial rope (èi(ta(-a) (34r); it is a good day for blessing a temple,

scripture or Buddha image (37v); fighting with an enemy (48v); bringing a bride into one’s

household (53r); teaching writing or mathematics or allowing one to become a monk (56v);

it is one of the good nakshatra (37v); it is one of six stars for receiving a consecration (56v);

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it is one of the traveler stars; travelers should not depart (60v); it is one of the four widow

stars (61r); it belongs to the severe and fearsome clan (61v); the head of its protective animal

is the monkey’s (59r); its orientation is west; of the four elements, its element is earth (21r,

45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is metal (29v, 61r); in one system it is known as

the nakshatra of the simnus. This is known as the nakshatra in which the fearsome ones are

satisfied; its figure is the antelope king and its number of stars is three; in another system it

is the nakshatra which makes the line of the gods; its figure is the holes of a corpse, i.e., the

eyes and nose; its number of stars again is three; in the Uygur Turfan texts it comprises three

stars, ", F, J Scorpionis (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources its regent is Indra, god of

the clear sky; it contains three stars and is figured as a ring or earring, perhaps a pendant

earring as its three stars form nearly a straight line (Burgess 1859: 337); it corresponds to the

5th Chinese asterism, xin/hsin “heart” (Mathews 2735), comprising three stars, Antares and

F, J Scorpio (Schlegel 1967: 138-151); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it

as Èista, the 5th Indian month (Kowalewski 1941: 2154); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Jista, three

stars (TU, 903).

Mul [S. mûla “root”]; 17th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; Mul day (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v); nakshatra of the albin demons (29v); the one that

makes a poor man rich (33v); the one that cuts off descendants (34r); it is a good day for

blessing a temple, scripture or Buddha image (37v); setting out on a journey (48v); doing

battle with an enemy (48v); bringing a bride into one’s household (51r); in this one edicts are

made known (37v); when it coincides with Wednesday it is an occasion for burning (45r);

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when it coincides with Sunday, it is one of seven days for conquering the šimnus demons

(45r); if one takes a bride when it coincides with Wednesday, the bride will not suit (52r);

it is generally a good day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off a daughter (53r);

it is a bad day for mixing medicine (56r); the head of its protective animal is the peacock’s

(59r); one of the death stars; it is bad for everything (60v); one of the four tan stars (61r); it

belongs to the severe and fearsome clan (61r); its orientation is west; of the four elements,

its element is water (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is metal (30r, 61r); in

one system it is the nakshatra in which one wears a breast plate; its figure is the hairs of the

antelope king’s head and its number of stars is three; in another system it is the nakshatra

in which a king is born and dies; its figure is a lion’s mane and its number of stars again is

three; in the Uygur Turfan texts its diagram shows an indefinite number of stars, 8 etc.

Scorpionis (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources its presiding divinity is nirrti,

“calamity,” regent of the southwestern quarter; it is configured as a lion’s tail; most sources

give nine stars, some eleven, others two (Burgess 1859: 337); it corresponds to the 6th

Chinese asterism, wei “tail” (Mathews 7109), comprising nine stars, ,, :, ., 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, <

Scorpio (Schlegel 1967: 153); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Mul,

,, ., 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, :, < of Scorpio (Kowalewski 1941: 2042); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Mul, nine

stars (TU, 903).

Burvasad [S. pãrv~s}~d}h~ < pûrva “former”; as}~d}h~ “unsubdued”]; 18th of the twenty-eight

nakshatra; Burvasad day (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v); the

one that causes profit to be found in stone (33v); the one that destroys good fortune (34r); it

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is a good day for building a citadel (37r); building a temple or home (37v); blessing a temple,

scripture, or Buddha image (37v); doing battle with an enemy (48v); planting a crop (55v);

teaching writing or mathematics or allowing a one to become a monk (56v); a good

nakshatra (37v); on this one sons and grandchildren will be many (38r); when it coincides

with Saturday it is an occasion for burning (45r); when it coincides with Friday it is an

occasion for conquering the šimnus demons (45r); when it coincides with the Ox day, the

omen is bad (46v); if one takes a bride when it coincides with Saturday, the bride will not

suit (52r); it is bad for bringing a bride into one’s household (53r); the head of its protective

animal is the lion’s (59r); one of the nakshatra of good fortune (60v); one of the nakshatra

in the south in which good fortune resides (60v); it belongs to the unshakeable clan (61r);

belongs to the eminently just clan (61v); its orientation is west; of the four elements, its

element is water (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is metal (30r, 61r); in one

system it is the nakshatra of the powerful ones; its figure is a tail and its number of stars is

four; in another system it is known as the prosperous nakshatra possessing the seven good

fortunes; its figure is a stupa and its number of stars again is four; in the Uygur Turfan texts

its diagram shows four stars, but one is named, * Sagittarius (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian

sources its divinity is âpas, the waters; it usually has two stars, together with two in its

complementary nakshatra Uttar~s~d}h~ there are four; the Khan}d}a-Kat}aka gives four, (2, *,

g, 0 Sagittarius; it is usually configured together with Uttar~s~d}h~ as a bed or couch or the

one as a bed and the other as an elephant’s tusk (Burgess 1859: 338-339); it corresponds to

the 7th Chinese asterism, ji/chi “the basket” (Mathews 402), comprising four stars, (, *, ,,

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$ Sagittarius (Schlegel 1967: 161); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as

Burvasad, the 20th lunar asterism; (, *, ,, 0 of Sagittarius (Kowalewski 1941: 1224); Tngri-

yin udq-a gives Burvasad, four stars (TU, 903).

Udarisad/Udarasad [S. uttar~s~d}h~ “the latter as~d}h~]; 19th of the twenty-eight

nakshatra; Udarisad day (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v); the seal

with seven banners (34r); it is a good day for a ruler to take the throne, or a noble to receive

a title (37r); building a temple or home (37v); blessing a temple, scripture, or Buddha image

(37v); setting out on a journey (48v); mounting a military campaign (48v); bringing a bride

into the household (51r); planting a crop (55v); tailoring a robe or clothing (55v); putting on

a new robe (56r); teaching writing or mathematics or allowing one to become a monk (56v);

in this sons and grandchildren abound (38r); if it coincides with the Ox day it is bad (46v);

bringing a bride into the household (53r); the head of its protective animal is the yellow

bear’s (59r); it is one of the stars of accomplishing [magic]; it is good for the recipient [of

magical rites] (60v); it is one of the nakshatra in the west in which good fortune resides

(60v); its orientation is west; of the four elements, its element is earth (21r, 45v, 59v); of the

five elements, its element is metal (30v, 61r); in one system it is known as the nakshatra for

becoming a jewel of the ministers of state; its figure is an elephant and its number of stars

is five; in another system it is the nakshatra of the square basket; its figure is a basket; its

number of stars if four; this description corresponds to the 7th Chinese asterism, ji/chi

(Mathews 402), “the basket” which commonly corresponds to Pãrv~s}~d}h~ (see above under

Burvasad); in the Uygur Turfan texts its diagram shows four stars, but one is named, k

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Sagittarius (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources its divinity is viúve devâs “the collective

gods;” it usually has two stars, together with two in its complementary nakshatra Pãrv~s}~d}h~

there are four; the Khan}d}a-Kat}aka gives four, n, F, J, . Sagittarius; it is usually configured

together with Pãrv~s}~d}h~ as a bed or couch or the one as a bed and the other as an elephant’s

tusk (Burgess 1859: 338-339); it corresponds to the 8th Chinese asterism, dou/tou “peck”

(Mathews, 6472), comprising six stars, :, 8, N, F, J, . Sagittarius (Schlegel 1967: 172-173);

as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Udarasad, the 21st constellation, .,

8, :, F, J, N of Sagittarius (Kowalewski 1941: 383); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Udarisad, six

stars (TU, 904).

Abiji/Abaji [S. abijit “conquering”]; the 20th nakshatra; the final month of summer in the

Kâlacakra (14r); the nakshatra of the gods (tngri-ner-ün na(šidar bui 30v); it is the

nakshatra of death (30v); the nakshatra which causes officials to fall from their rank

(tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ur(ulu(èi Abaji buyu 33v); the nakshatra that causes one thief to

see nine kings (nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi Abiji buyu 34r); when the

Abiji day falls on a Monday, it is one of seven days for conquering the šimnus demons

(šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür inu [. . . ] Saran odun Abaji qoyar 45r); of the four

elements, its element is earth (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements its element is metal (31r,

61r); it is a good day for setting off on a journey (48v); a good day for bringing a bride into

one’s household (51r); a good day for planting crops (55v); a good day for putting on a new

robe (56r); it is the star of the erlig (60v); its orientation is west; one of four stars that cut

off descendants (dörben ür-e tasura(san odun 61r); one of four nakshatra in the four wheels

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clan (dörben kürdün obo( 61r); the constellation of the singing orphan (da(ulaèi önöèin

odun 59r); the head of its protective animal is the stag’s (59r); in one system the appearance

of its four stars is like the jewel horse (30v); in another its three stars are like the head of an

elephant (59v); in Indian sources it usually has three stars, ", g, . Lyrae, shaped in a triangle,

as is found in a Uygur Turfan text as well (Burgess 1859: 339; Rachmati 1972: 300); its

regent is Brahma (Burgess 1859: 339); this corresponds to the 9th Chinese asterism, niu “ox”

(Mathews 4737), comprising six stars, ", $, >, @, B, D Capricorn (Schlegel 1967: 181); as for

other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Abiši/Abiji, ", $, >, B, k of Capricorn

(Kowalewski 1941: 43); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Abiji, six stars (TU, 905).

Širvan/Širvang/Širavan [S. Ñravan}a “hearing, ear”]; 21st of the twenty-eight nakshatra;

it is a good day for blessing a temple, scripture or Buddha image (37v); making a

consecration of a temple, stupa, or scripture (37v); setting out on a journey (48v); planting

a crop (55v); wearing a robe (56r); it is a bad day for teach writing or mathematics or

allowing one to become a lama (56v); its coincidence with Monday is one of seven blessed

coincidences of the nakshatra and the wandering stars (44v); it is the star of death (60v); one

of the four widow stars (61r); it belongs to the “vacillating and restless” clan (urba¯u ülü

tübšidkü obo() (61v); its orientation is west; of the four elements, its element is either water

(21r, 45v) or earth (59v); of the five elements, its element is either metal (30v) or earth (61r);

the head of its protective animal is the horse’s (59r); in the first systematization it is known

as the nakshatra of villages and crossroads (30v); its figure is an elephant head; and its

number of stars is three; in the second systematization it is the asterism of those who in

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vanquishing are themselves crushed (59r); its figure is a bellows and its number of stars

again is three (59v); in the Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised of three stars, ", $, ( Aquilae

(Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources it comprises the same three stars; its regent is

Vishnu and its figure is either the three footsteps by which Vishnu strode through heaven or

a trident (Burgess 1859: 340); it corresponds to the 10th Chinese asterism, nü “virgin”

(Mathews 4776), comprising four stars, ,, :, <, 9 Aquarius (Mathews, 1931: 1177); as for

other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Siravang, the 7th month, in which the moon

is full in the constellation Aquila (Kowalewski 1941: 1522); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Širavan,

four stars (TU, 906).

Tanista/Tanis/Tanisa [S. dhanis}t}h~ “the most wealthy”]; 22nd of the twenty-eight

nakshatra; it is the nakshatra that causes profit to be found while seizing human bones (33v);

the one that causes tears to fall from the faces of queens (34r); together with Jupiter it is an

occasion for burning (45r); in conjunction with Saturday it is one of the seven days of the

šimnus demons (45r); it is a good day for setting out on a journey (48v); setting out on a

military campaign (48v); wearing a new robe (56v); and mixing medicine (56r); if one takes

a bride when it falls on Sunday, the bride will divorce; when it falls on Monday, the bride

will bring danger; when it falls on Thursday, the bride will not be suitable (52r); it is a bad

day for giving away a daughter (53r); it is one of traveler stars; travelers should not depart

(60v); it is one of the personal stars (öber-ün odun) (60v); it belongs to the vacillating and

restless clan (urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo() (61v); the head of its protective animal is the yellow

bird’s (59r); its orientation is north; of the four elements, its element is either water (21r,

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59v) or earth (45v); of the five elements, its element is water (31r, 61r); in the first system

its figure is a vajra and its number of stars is four (31r); in the second system it is the

asterism of the predatory simnus [demons] (59r); its figure is a bird and its number of stars

is four (59v); in the Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised of four stars, $, ", (, * Delphini

(Rachmati 1972: 300); In Indian sources it usually comprises the same four stars; the

Khan}d}a-Kat}aka and Çâkalya give five; its regents are a class of deities known as the vasus

“bright, good” (Burgess 1859: 340-341); it corresponds to the 11th Chinese asterism, xu/hsü

“empty” (Mathews 2821), comprising two stars, $ Aquarius and " Equuleus (Schlegel 1967:

214); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Tanis/Danista/Danis, the 24th

lunar mansion; ", $, (, * Dauphin (Kowalewski 1941: 1560); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Danista,

two stars (TU, 907).

Sadabis [S. úatabhisaj “having one hundred physicians”]; 23rd of the twenty-eight

nakshatra; it is a good day for building a citadel (37r); a ruler to take the throne or a noble

receive a title (37r); for setting out on a military campaign (48v); when it falls on a Tuesday,

this is a bad occasion that brings death (45r); it is generally a good day to bring a bride into

one's household or marry off a daughter (53r); it is one of the stars of fortune (kešig-ün

odun); one should not distribute possessions or livestock (61v); it is one of the eight personal

stars (61r); it belongs to the vacillating and restless clan (urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo() (61v);

the head of its protective animal is the mule’s (59r); its orientation is north; of the four

elements, its element is either water (21r, 45v) or earth (59v); of the five elements, its

element is water (31r, 61r); in one system its figure is the “everlasting flower” (ürgülji seèig)

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and its number of stars is two; in another system it is known as the asterism of all meat-eaters

(59r); its figure is flowers and its number of stars is two (59v); in the Uygur Turfan texts it

is comprised of five stars, the principal of which is 8 Aquari; in Indian sources this nakshatra

is said to be composed of 100 stars of which the brightest is 8 Aquari; the regent of the

asterism is Varuna, chief of the Âdityas, but later the god of water (Burgess 1859: 341); it

corresponds to the 12th Chinese asterism, wei (Mathews 7056), the “summit,” three stars, "

Aquarius and ,, 2 Pegasus (Schlegel 1967: 233); as for other Mongolian sources,

Kowalewski lists it as Sadabis, the 25th lunar constellation containing five stars found amidst

those of " of Aquarius and ,, 2 of Pegasis (Kowalewski 1941: 1306); Tngri-yin udq-a gives

Sadabis, three stars (TU, 908).

Burvabadaribad/Burvabadaripad [S. pûrvâbhâdrapadâ < pûrvâ “the former,” bhadra

“beautiful, happy” pada “foot”]; 24th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the first month of winter

in the Kâlacakra (15r); it is the star that makes one mare one hundred (33v); the asterism of

amatu sön-e, one should not mount a cavalry charge (34r); it is a good day for blessing a

temple, monastery, scripture, or Buddha image (37v); setting out on a journey (48v); bringing

a bride into one’s household (51r); tailoring a robe or clothing (55v); and mixing medicine

(56r); when it falls on a Tuesday it is one of the seven days for conquering the šimnus

demons (45r); if it coincides with a Dragon day, the omen is bad (46v); it is one of the

asterisms of Erlig khan (60v); one of the personal asterisms (61r); it belongs to the eminently

just clan (61v); its orientation is north; of the four elements, its element is fire (21r, 45v,

59v); of the five elements, its element is water (31r, 61r); in one system its figure is a cart;

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its number of stars is two; in another system it is known as the asterism of the great Sun-a;

its figure is a tree; and its number of stars is one; in the Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised

of ", $ Pegasi; in Indian sources it comprises the same two stars; its figure is either a couch

or bed, a Janus-faced figure, or twins; its regent is a mythological “one-footed goat;” the

regent of the next asterism, Uttara-bhâdrapadâ, is the mythological “bottom-snake”

(Burgess 1859: 341-343); in the manual the head of its protective animal is the snake’s (59r);

it corresponds to the 13th Chinese asterism shi/shih “house” (Mathews 5820), comprising two

stars, " and $ Pegasus (Schlegel 1967: 275); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski

lists it as Burvabadaribad, the first of two lunar constellations Bhâdrapadâ, comprised of

" and $ Pegasis (Kowalewski 1941: 1224); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Burvabadarabad, two

stars (TU, 909).

Udaribadaribad/Udaribadaripad [S. uttarabhâdrapadâ < uttara “the latter,” bhadra

“beautiful, happy” pada “foot”]; 25th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; it is the asterism that

causes the wolf’s claws to protract (33v); it is a good day for building a citadel (37r);

building a temple or home (37v); setting out on a journey (48v); mounting a military

campaign (48v); doing battle with an enemy (48v); bringing a bride into one’s household

(51r); planting a crop (55v); tailoring a robe or clothing (55v); mixing medicine (56r); in this

nakshatra a blessing becomes great (38r); if it coincides with the Dragon day, the omen is bad

(46v); if the day for taking a bride is to be when it coincides with Monday, the bride will get

divorced (52r); it is generally a good day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off

a daughter (53r); the head of its protective animal is the mule’s (59r); it is one of the

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asterisms of erlig (60v); it is one of two fortunate asterisms in the north (60v); it belongs to

the unshakeable clan (èingbatu obo(), 61r; its orientation is north; of either the four or five

elements, its element is water (21v, 31v, 45v, 59v, 61r); in one system its figure is a picket

post; its number of stars is two; in another system it is known as the asterism of the meat-

eating elephant; its figure is tree; it number of stars is two; in the Uygur Turfan texts it is

comprised of two stars, ( Pegasi, " Andromedae (Rachmati 1972: 301); in Indian sources

it comprises the same two stars; its figure is either a couch or bed, a Janus-faced figure, or

twins; its regent is a mythological “bottom-snake” (Burgess 1859: 341-343); it corresponds

to the 14th Chinese asterism bi/pi “wall, cliff” (Mathews 5113), comprising two stars, (

Pegasus and " Andromeda (Schlegel 1967: 302-302); as for other Mongolian sources,

Kowalewski lists it as Udaribadaribad, the 26th constellation; two stars: " of Andromeda and

( of Pegasis (Kowalewski 1941: 383); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Udaribadirabad, two stars (TU,

910).

Rivadi/Rivad’i [S. revatî “wealthy, abundant”]; 26th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; it is

the nakshatra that causes a handful of grain to fill one hundred silos (33v); the one that

causes the bird’s nest to be burned in a conflagration (33v); it is a good day for building a

temple or home (37v); and mixing medicne (56r); it is one of the nakshatra for performing

magic (bütügekü-yin odun); it is good for the deeds of those who receive [a magical rite]

(60v); one of the four tan stars (61r); belongs to the eminently accommodating clan (maši

¯okilan obo() (61r); the head of its protective animal is the horse’s (59r); its orientation is

north; of either the four or five elements, its element is water (21v, 31v, 45v, 59v, 61r); in

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one system it is known as the old woman's spirit nakshatra; its figure is a boat; and its

number of stars is thirty-two; in another system it is known as the nakshatra that cuts of

descendants; again its figure is a boat; and its number of stars is thirty-two; in the Uygur

Turfan texts its one star is . Piscium; in Indian sources it is said to contain thirty-two stars,

the junction star being . Piscium; its regent is Pûshan, “the prosperer,” one of the Âdityas;

it figure is a drum or tabor (Burgess 1859: 343); it corresponds to the 15th Chinese asterism

kui/k’uei “pace” (Mathews 3643), comprising sixteen stars, 0, ., 4, ,, *, B, <, :, $

Andromeda and F, J, L, <, N, P, R Pisces (Schlegel 1967: 316-317); as for other Mongolian

sources, Kowalewski lists it as Rivadi, $, *, 0, ., :, <, B, 4 of Andromeda, <, F, N?, R, and

five others of Pisces (Kowalewski 1941: 2661); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Rivadi, sixteen stars

(TU, 910).

Ašivani/Ašuvani [S. aúvinî “the two horsemen”]; the 27th nakshatra; the middle month of

winter in the Kâlacakra (16r); when it coincides with Tuesday, it is one of seven occasions

for a blessing of holy water (44v); when it coincides with Tuesday it is one of seven

occasions for finding good fortune (44v); when it coincides with Wednesday and Friday, it

is a bad occasion bringing death (45r); it is a good day for setting out on a journey (48v);

mounting a military campaign (48v); bringing a bride into one’s household (51r); wearing

a new robe (56r); receiving a consecration (56v); if one takes a bride when it coincides with

Tuesday, there will be a divorce (52r); it is one of the enemy stars (dayisun-u odun) (60v);

one of two stars in the north where good fortune resides (60v); it belongs to the four wheels

clan (dörben kürdün obo() (61r); the head of its protective animal is the ram’s (59r); its

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INTRODUCTION

orientation is north; of the four elements, its element is air (21v, 45v, 59v); of the five

elements, its element is water (32r, 61r); in one system its figure is a horse head; its number

of stars is three; in another system it is known as the nakshatra of the lone person who

crushes the enemy [menacing] the frontier; its figure again is the horse head; and the number

of stars again is three; in the Uygur Turfan texts its three stars are $, (, ", Arietis (Rachmati

1972: 301); in Indian sources the “two horsemen” are the Aúvins, mythological people of

ancient Hindu mythology, nearly corresponding to Castor and Pollox of the Greeks; they are

the divinities of the asterism; as in the manual, the asterism is figured as a horse’s head; as

a group of two stars it is composed of $ and ( Arietis; as a group of three it comprises $, (,

", Arietis (Burgess 1859: 327); it corresponds to the 16th Chinese asterism lou/lou (Mathews

4136), “reaper, harvester,” comprising three stars ", $, ( Aries (Schlegel 1967: 331); as for

other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Asuvani/Asavani, the first constellation of

the Indian zodiac; ", $, ( of the Ram (Kowalewski 1941: 55); Tngri-yin udq-a gives

Ašuvani, three stars (TU, 911).

Barani [S. bharan}§ < bhar “carry”]; the 28th nakshatra; it is the bade gate (33r); the

mundane or earthly gate (33r); the one that brings about the kalpa of fire (33r); the one that

erases or lessens bad enterprises or bad deeds (33v); when it coincides with Monday it is one

of the seven days of demons (45r); if one takes a bride when it coincides with Tuesday, the

bride will bring danger (52r); when it coincides with Wednesday, there will be a divorce

(52r); it is a bad day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off a daughter (53r);

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INTRODUCTION

the head of its protective animal is the ox’s (59r); it is one of the asterisms of death; bad for

all things (60v); one of the four nakshatra that cut off descendants (61r); it belongs to the

eminently just clan (61v); its orientation is north; of the four elements, its element is fire

(21v, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is either water (32r) or earth (61r); in one

system its figure is a lotus; its number of stars is three; in another system it is known as the

nakshatra of the eliy-e [demons] who seize people; its figure is a knife (or sharp instrument);

its number of stars is also three; in the Uygur Turfan texts its three stars are 35, 39, 41 Arietis

(Rachmati 1972: 301); in Indian sources its ruler is Yama, ruler of the world of departed

spirits; it is figured as the yoni or pudendum muliebre; its three stars are also 35, 39, 41

Arietis (Burgess 1859: 328); it corresponds to the 17th Chinese asterism wei (Mathews 7075)

“the grain guard,” comprising three stars, a, b, c Musca Borealis (Schlegel 1967: 341); as for

other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Barani, the 2nd lunar asterism containing

three stars; *, ., J Aries (Kowalewski 1941: 1092); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Barani three stars

(TU, 912).

The Four Sky Animals

Among the tables of the good and bad times to set out on a journey, the table for the

final four months mentions the Red Magpie, White Tiger, Black Turtle and the Blue Dragon

(49r). In addition to these references, special attention is given to the movements of the Red

Magpie in the calendar each month. These four animals comprise the four seasonal palaces

of the 28 xiu in Chinese mathematics: 1. Spring Palace of the Azure Dragon of the East; 2.

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INTRODUCTION

Summer Palace of the Red Bird of the South; 3. Autumn Palace of the White Tiger of the

West; 4. Winter Palace of the Black Warrior of the North, which is figured as a turtle (Sun

1997: 117). As for their antiquity, J. Needham posits the scheme existed around the time of

the ruler Wuding (1339-1281 BC [Needham 1959: 242]). Sun and Kistemaker argue that

around the Han time the xiu were divided into four quarters and related to the four compass

directions with four animal images, the xiang (Sun 1997: 113). Gaubil, Biot, and de

Saussure considered them much older. A. Gaubil dates the scheme to 2155-2796 BC (the

time of Yao Di (2300 BC)) (Sun, 1997: 16). Others such as Iijima Tadoa conclude that it

originated much later (400 BC) through Middle Eastern influence (Sun 1997: 16). Sun and

Kristemaker, in calculating the right Ascensions of the four xiu constellations within these

palaces that marked the vernal equinox, niao, summer solstice, huo, autumnal equinox, xu,

and the winter solstice, mao, find that at the year 2400 BC the values fit the cardinal points

rather well, suggesting a first use of these cardinal asterisms about 2300 BC . With an

uncertainty of plus or minus 250 years, this includes reign of Sargon in Akkad and Yao Di

(Sun 1997: 17-18). Sun and Kistemaker also show that a tomb excavated near Puyang,

Henan, contains images representing the Dragon and the Tiger. The age of the tomb is 3000

BC (Sun 1997: 116). It is worth noting that in ancient Mesopotamia on a stele of

Nebuchadnezzar I, from the 12th century BC, are four animals marking the seasons, one of

which, the winter Turtle corresponds with the Chinese. These are: Bull – Spring; Scorpion

– Autumn; Turtle – Winter; Lamp – Summer (Lindsay 1971: 53).

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INTRODUCTION

IV.18 The Four Sky Animals

Manual English Chinese English Season Orientation

Köke luu Blue Dragon Canglong/ Azure spring east

Ts’ang-lung Dragon
(Mathews 6714,
4258)
Ula(an Red Magpie Zhuque/ Chu- Red bird summer south
ša¯a(ai ch’üeh (Mathews
1346.17)
Èa(an White Tiger Baihu/ White autumn west
baras Pai-hu (Mathews Tiger
2161.52)
Qara Black Turtle Xuanwu /Hsüan- The Black winter north
yasutu wu (Mathews Warrior
meneki 2881, 7195)

The Zodiac

The zodiac is an imaginary zone of the heavens within which lie the paths of the sun

and the moon and the wandering stars. It is bounded by two circles of equal distance from

the ecliptic, about eighteen degrees apart; and it is divided into twelve signs and marked by

twelve constellations (Clerke, 1911: 993a). In the description of each month, the manual

gives the sign of the zodiac in the manner of the first month as follows: “Because the sun has

entered the house of Aquarius the pitcher, on the earth wine will taste good (nara Qumqan-u

ger-dür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu bolumui [8r]). These twelve signs,

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INTRODUCTION

along with the corresponding term in Uygur, Sanskrit, Modern Khalkha, and English, are

given in the table below:

IV.19 The Twelve Signs of the Zodiac64

Manual Uygur Sanskrit Modern Babylonian English

(Translation) Khalkha
Mongolian
Qumqan Kumba Kumbha Khumkh Gu (the Aquarius
(Pitcher) (Pitcher) great one) the Water
Bearer
Ji(asun (Fish) Mina Mîna Dzagas Kun, Kun- Pisces the
(Fish) meš, Zib- Fishes
me (the
tails)
Qonin Miš Mesa Khonin Hun, Lu Aries the
(Sheep) (Ram) (hireling) Ram
Üker (Cattle) Vriš Vr}isha Ükher Gu-an (bull Taurus the
(Bull) of heaven), Bull
Múl-múl
(the stars)
Qamtudqui Maidun Mithuna Khamtadgakh Maš-maš Gemini the
(Union) (Couple) (the great Twins
twins)
Gargada Karkad Karkat}a Melkhii Alla (crab) Cancer the
(Crab) (Crab) Crab
Arsalan Sinx-a Sim}ha Arslan A, Ur-a Leo the
(Lion) (Lion) (lion) Lion

64
For the Uygur terms see Rachmati 1972: 299; for the Babylonian terms see
Rochberg 1998: 29.

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INTRODUCTION

Okin (Virgin) Kany-a Kanyâ Okhin Absin Virgo the

(Virgin) (furrow) Virgin
Èinglegüür Tuly-a Tulâ Jinglüür Rín (the Libra the
(Scale) (Scale) scales) Balance
Tiler Vrèik Vr}iÑcika Khilents Gír-tab Scorpio the
(Scorpion) (Scorpio) (scorpion) Scorpion
Numun Tanu Dhanus Nom Pa Sagittarius
(Bow) (Bow) the Archer
Matar (Sea- Makara Makara Matar Máš (Goat- Capricorn
monster) (Sea- fish) the Goat
monster)

In the manual the order of the signs follows the Chinese mathematical calendar in which the

vernal equinox falls in the middle of the second sign, Ji(asun (Pisces). In ancient

Mesopotamia the vernal equinox fell on the first point of Aries the Ram. In the manual the

term for the “house” of the zodiac is ger, whereas in modern Khalkha the form is ord

“palace.” Thus, as the manual gives Qumqan-u ger for the first sign, modern Khalkha has

Khumkhyn ord (Terbish 1997: 4). The fifth sign, Qamtudquy-yin ger, is noteworthy in that

it shows a specific Indian influence. In the West, as in the original Babylonian, the term

refers to twins. Here, due to the ambiguity of Sanskrit mithuna, which can mean twins, but

more generally refers to a pair, especially male and female and the sexual act, the reference

is to the union of man and woman (MW 816-817; Jones 1799: 292). This was carried over

in the Chinese translation of the term (Ho 2003: 71) and is witnessed in the manual in the

monthly sign as follows, “Because the sun has entered Gemini, a lustful mind will be born

in all living beings of the world” (naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula. yirtinèü-yin

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INTRODUCTION

qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi [12r]). The tenth sign, Tiler-ün ger, is sometimes

also given in Mongolian sources as ®ögey-yin ger (Bese 1972: 158) but more commonly as

Kilinèetü-yin ger “Scorpio” (see, for instance, Khilentsiin ger in the almanacs published by

Dechinchoinkhor monastery and Terbish; cf. also kilinèe in the Kâlacakra [KOT 68]). The

eleventh sign, Numun-u ger, again shows a variation from the Western conception of the sign

in that here the sign is designated only by the stars of the bow (Jones, William 1799: 292).

This too is found in the first translation of the term into Chinese (Ho 2003: 71). Finally, the

sixth and twelfth signs again betray the Indian origins of the signs of the zodiac in Mongolia.

The term gargada in the sign of Cancer is S. karkat}a “crab.” The more commonly found

Mongolian term for “crab” sometimes found instead is naimal¯i from the stem naiman

"eight" referring to the crabs eight claws.65 However, this sign of the zodiac is now

commonly referred to as Meneki-yin ger (the frog [see, for instance, Melkhiin ger in the

modern Mongolian almanacs of Dechinchoinkhor monastery and Terbish]). The term matar

in the twelfth sign, Matar-un ger, is from Sanskrit makara “sea monster, crocodile.” The

difference between this and the Western form, the Goat, again shows the ultimate origin of

these twelve signs in ancient Mesopotamia, where there was a constellation of a mythological

creature, suhur.máš (the goat-fish [Koch-Westenholz 1995: 164]). The Greeks, in borrowing

the Babylonian zodiac created a mythological goat that Westerners know as Capricorn.

Hindus, however, in borrowing the zodiac, went the other way and created a mythological

fish or sea-monster (S. makara, Mong. matar [Schlegel 1967: 664]).

65
For a Mongolian system with Naimal¯i-yin ger see Èa(èi 1993: 75.

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INTRODUCTION

According to O. Neugebauer, the time of the invention of the zodiac is most likely

around 450 BC. It appears for the first time in 419 BC, although the constellations by which

the signs are named are much older (Neugebaur 1951, 97-98). It replaced the earlier series

of seventeen constellations in the “path of the moon.” Though first used in Babylonian time

reckoning, the zodiac soon came to play an important role in astrology and astro-magic, for

it led to the rise of nativities, also known as “the horoscope” (Koch-Westenholz 1995:163).

This marks the beginning of the trend towards a focus on the individual in mathematics. In

part stimulated by more precise computations, this trend came at a time when the political

role of diviners in government was weakened under the Persian Achaemenids (Barton 1994:

94). The oldest Babylonian text yet known that refers to “signs” of the zodiac, not the

constellations, is a horoscope from 410 BC (See Neugebauer 1968: 187; Burkert 1972: 334).

It is said that the twelve signs of the zodiac were introduced to Greece by Cleostratus of

Tenedos, a pupil of Anaximander (Burkert 1972: 333). Yano Michio shows that they were

first introduced into China in the Xiu yaojing, an early work of tantric Buddhism in China,

translated into Chinese in AD 759 and then again 764 (Ho 2003: 69-71; Needham 1959: 258;

Schafer 1977: 10).

The Twelve Animals

Long before the arrival of the Western zodiac, the Chinese had a zodiacal system of

their own. Though often mistaken for a distortion of the Western zodiac, it is completely

unique (Needham, 1959: 258). Based on the cycle of Jupiter, the twelve Jupiter stations

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INTRODUCTION

ci/tz’u (Mathews 6980) divide the ecliptic unequally, according to the xiu asterisms and the

four animal palaces, xiang, in a retrograde direction, i.e., against the course of the sun

(Needham, 1959: 258). At some point in time (perhaps the 6th century BC), this duodenary

division became associated with the famous cycle of animals, rat, ox, tiger, etc. The origin

of this animal cycle has been greatly debated. Some, such as Edouard Chavannes believed

the Chinese borrowed the cycle from the Turks (Chavannes 1906: 51-122). Others believed

that the cycle is essentially Chinese. Among these, L. de Saussure argued that the animal

cycle went from the four celestial animals, the dragon, bird, tiger and turtle, to six, eight and

then twelve terms (de Saussure 1967: 309-402). That the animal cycle came to the Turks

from China was demonstrated by Paul Pelliot who deciphered texts showing the gradual

assimilation of the Chinese calendrical system as Turkish peoples established relations with

China (Pelliot 1928: 26, 201).

This view is supported by Turcologists such as Louis Bazin who show that the

calendrical knowledge of the Turks of Central Asia derived from Chinese culture (Needham,

1959: 406; Bazin, 1991: 120-122). Bazin argues that during the Han dynasty, around the

beginning of the Christian era, the cycle of the twelve animals becomes the popular substitute

for the abstract Chinese astrological cycle of the twelve branches, zhi/chih ([Mathews 937]

Bazin, 1991: 122). Because New Year was celebrated at different times, at the winter solstice

among the Chinese and at the vernal equinox among the Turks, rectifying the two systems

was a problem for them in adopting the official Chinese calendar. So the Turks only

followed the Chinese usage concerning the beginning and end of the four seasons. (They

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INTRODUCTION

also took the intercalary system, 13th month, to justify solar and lunar means of reckoning

[Bazin 1991:120]). In the manual the twelve animal cycle is found in the sexagenary

calendar matrix together with a transcription of the ten abstract Chinese celestial stems and

in place of the abstract Chinese earthly branches (7v), a custom common among the Uygurs

(Rachmati 1972: #4, 301). The animal cycle is also used to denote the year, month, day, hour

and orientation. In the calendar, the twelve animals are paired with the twelve stages of

dependent origination (šitün barildaqui). Though the Chinese animal cycle starts with the

rat, in the manual the cycle begins with the third animal in the series, the tiger. This came

about during the Mongol Empire when ‘Phags-pa lama under Qubilai khan synchronized the

Chinese and Tibetan calendars (Schuh 1973: 5-8). However, the day, in keeping with

Chinese custom, begins in the midst of the Rat hour. Also, in the manual’s section on

marriage, the cycle of years begins with the Rat, revealing an older Chinese technology

included in the text (53r).

IV.20 The Twelve Animals

Mongolian Chinese English

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INTRODUCTION

1. Bars 3. Hu (Mathews 2161) Tiger

2. Taulai 4. Tu/T’u (Mathews 6534) Hare
3. Luu 5. Long/Lung (Mathews 4258) Dragon
4. Mo(ai 6. She/Shê (Mathews 5698) Snake
5. Morin 7. Ma (Mathews 4310) Horse
6. Qonin 8. Yang (Mathews 7247) Ram
7. Beèin 9. Hou (Mathews 2139) Monkey
8. Takiy-a 10. Ji/Chi (Mathews 428) Cock
9. Noqai 11. Gou/Kou (Mathews 3413) Dog
10. 'aqai 12. Ju/Chu (Mathews 1357) Pig
11. Qulu(ana 1. Shu (Mathews 5871) Rat
12. Üker 2. Niu (Mathews 4737) Ox

Orientation

While sets of five and ten directions (¯üg) are common in Mongolian sources, the

manual offers two schemes different from these.66 The first, of eight, gives the cardinal and

intermediate (¯obkis) directions, as is common in English, except that the way of naming the

intermediate directions is inverse in Mongolian to that of English. “Northeast” is written

“east north” in Mongolian (doron-a umar-a), and so on. The manual often mixes these

forms. The other scheme is of twelve directions, according to the twelve animals, in which

the first animal, the tiger (baras) corresponds to the east.

IV.21 The Eight Directions

66
Five and ten direction schemes are common in Chinese sources. A ten direction
system is also common in Indian Buddhist sources. For instance, the Kâlacakra has both
eight and ten direction systems (KOT 93, 181); cf. also Poppe (1967: 21, 68).

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INTRODUCTION

Manual English
1. doron-a/dörön-e/dorona east
2. doron-a umara/umara doron-a northeast
3. umar-a/umara north
4. örön-e umar-a northwest
5. örön-e west
6. örön-e emün-e/emün-e örön-e southwest
7. emün-e south
8. doron-a emün-e southeast

Time Reckoning

Sexagenary Cycle

The chronology in the manual is based on a sexagenary cycle invented in China

centuries ago. The abstract characters of the cycle are among the most common on the

oracle-bones of the 2nd millennium BC. In the Shang period they were used strictly as a day

count. Only during the Han dynasty in the first century BC were they used to count the years

as well (Needham 1959: 396). This Chinese cycle, which has been widely adopted in Inner

Asia, is comparable to the Indian sixty year cycle. Both are based on the motion of Jupiter.

The Chinese system is attested in Tibetan sources from the 9th century, prior to the coming

of the Indian system, which was introduced with the Kâlacakratantra. The two have co-

existed in Tibet, though with the Yuan period calendar realignment the Indian rab-byung

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INTRODUCTION

cycle begins three years after the start of the Chinese cycle, that is, with the Fire-female-hare

year instead of the Wood-male-rat (Uray 1984: 341-345).

The Chinese system is comprised of two sets of binary terms, the ten heavenly stems

and the twelve earthly branches, the etymologies of which have been lost over time

(Needham 1959: 396). Assigning the first stem to the first branch, the second stem to the

second branch and so on, the cycle completes itself in sixty years and begins again after the

first terms in each series coincide once more, the heavenly stems repeating six times, the

earthly branches, five times. In another manner of speaking, the sexagenary cycle is

generated within the matrix of ten stems and twelve branches. The 60 terms of the cycle fall

within 120 matrix terms. This greater dimension to the matrix, creates ambiguities for the

shaping of its meaning. First of all, in each decade of the sexagenary cycle there are always

two signs of the twelve branches that remain unused. These two signs are termed “orphan”

(Schipper 1986: 201). More importantly, given the terms of the cycle (six sets of the ten

heavenly stems and five sets of the twelve earthly branches), a factor of two remains. Given

this factor of two, one sees that the terms of the matrix can be defined in two different ways,

either in terms of the ten heavenly stems or in terms of the twelve earthly branches. If one

were to mark them accordingly, one would find that the matrix appears differently whether

one counts five cycles of twelve or six cycles of ten. As such opposing traditions read the

matrix differently, emphasizing different numerologies.

While the names of the years as given by the abstract terms of the ten heavenly stems

and 12 earthly branches give no indication of the meaning of the matrix, examining the

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INTRODUCTION

contents of Chinese almanacs and other sources, especially the names of the years in various

traditions based on the Chinese system, reveal how the matrix is to be understood. This is

because these traditions often express the binary cycle in three terms instead of only two.

The year 1997, for example, is given in Mongolian almanacs as the Ula(a(èin üker ¯il

(Female-red-ox year) of the 17th 60 year cycle. In this year the term “ox” is from the Chinese

zodiac so often used instead of the twelve earthly branches. “Red” reflects the ten heavenly

stems. However, the system gives only five colors, red, yellow, white, black and blue – not

ten. Thus, in this system the years follow a sequence such that two “red” years are followed

by two “yellow” years, and so on. Of these pairs, one “red” year, is distinguished from

another by gender (Everding 1982: 475-477; Poucha 1962: 192-204). Thus, in this scheme

the mathematics of the matrix reveal three terms, twelve, five and two – instead of twelve

and ten or ten, six and two. In this scheme the dual combinations includes every other stem:

1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, etc. While this scheme is very common (see the “dual

combinations” in Mathews, 1176), dual combinations of the ten stems can be formed by

uniting every fifth stem as well, i.e., 1 and 6, 2 and 7, 3 and 8, etc. This latter method is

found in the manual. Hypothetically, the same could be done from the opposing perspective

with the twelve branches also.

In the manual chronology is represented in terms of 60 months. The title to the

chronological table reads, arban qoyar sarayin öngge medekü kürdün ene bui (this is the

table by which one knows the appearance of the twelve months). These 60 months fall under

year headings, five of them, comprised of dual combinations of the ten heavenly stems in

266
INTRODUCTION

which the combination is every fifth. The first year is ja jii (Ch. jia ji, the first and sixth

stems), the second year is yi geng (Ch. yi geng, the second and seventh stems), and so on.

The names of the months are given in terms of the Chinese ten heavenly stems and the

twelve animals. The first month given is Bing-baras sara (the Ping-tiger month). In this one

does not find the exact equivalents of the traditional Chinese terms, ding zhou, wu yin, and

so on; nor exactly equivalents for the Tibetan variations of those terms, “fire ox,” “earth

tiger,” and so on, but rather a combination of the two methods, ding ox, wu tiger, and so on.

This method was an Uygur variation of the Chinese system, adopted by the Mongols during

the imperial period into the Mongolian calendar (Kennedy 1964: 435; Rachmati 1972: #4,

p. 301; Cleaves 1951: 56). It epitomizes the nature of Uygur astrological influence, which

was to synthesize disparate traditions, especially those of India and China. As such, this

method is distinct from numerous other variations on the sexagenary cycle employed during

the Qing, a list of which follows:

Uygur stem-animal
Mongol (gender-) color-animal
Tibetan element-animal
Chinese stem-branch and/or reign number
Tibeto-Qing element-animal and reign number
(Elverskog 2005: 161).

In traditional Chinese reckoning, the terms ping and tiger represent the third heavenly stem

and earthly branch respectively. They are given here first according to the calendar

realignment during the Mongol Empire when ‘Phags-pa lama under Qubilai khan

synchronized the Chinese and Tibetan calendars (Schuh 1973: 5-8). In the same table, 60

267
INTRODUCTION

hours fall under the headings of five days, which take the same forms as the years. However,

as for the 60 hours, instead of beginning with the third terms of the heavenly stems and

branches, as do the 60 months, they begin with the fourth terms of the respective cycles,

making the first term ding taulai èa( (7v).

IV.22 The Ten Heavenly Stems

# MANUAL UIGUR CHINESE

1. ¯a kap jia/chia (Mathews 610)
2. ii ir yi/i (Mathews 3017)
3. bing pi/pii/ping bing/ping (Mathews 5284)
4. ding ti/ting ding/ting (Mathews 6381)
5. uu uu/bu/buu wu (Mathews 7197)
6. ¯i/yii/gi/gii ki ji/chi (Mathews 429)
7. geng/ging kï/king geng/keng (Mathews, 3339)
8. šin/šing sin xin/hsin (Mathews 2739)
9. šim šim/äžim/žim ren/jen (Mathews 3100)
10. güi küi gui/kuei (Mathews 3628)

In this table the variant Uygur terms, gathered from among the Turfan texts, show an ongoing

relationship with Chinese. The Uygur term for the first heavenly stem, kap, Ch. jia, retains

a Middle Chinese final -p. The -r in the Uygur term for the second stem, ir, Ch. yi,

transcribes Middle Chinese final -t. Of the variant forms for the third stem, pi transcribes an

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INTRODUCTION

earlier Middle Chinese pronunciation than does ping (Bazin 1991: 351; Rachmati 1972:

passim). This nasalization of the vowels took place in late Middle Chinese and can be seen

in the variant Uygur forms for the 4th and 7th stems as well. The Mongolian term for the 9th

heavenly stem, šim (< Uy. šim), retains Middle Chinese final -m. Final -p and -t, however,

are absent in the 1st and 2nd stems. This indicates a late Middle Chinese assimilation of the

Chinese system (via Uygur) since by the time of the Mongol Empire final -p, -t, and -k had

disappeared in northern Chinese (Pulleyblank 1971: 138). The dual combinations of the ten

heavenly stems is given below:

IV.23 Dual Combinations of the Ten Heavenly Stems (7v)

1. ¯a and 6. ¯i/yii/gi/gii
2. ii and 7. geng/ging
3. bing and 8. šin/šing
4. ding and 9. šim
5. uu and 10. güi

The complete sexagenary cycle is as follows:

IV.24 Sexagenary Cycle

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jia yi bing ding wu ji geng xin ren gui

tiger 1 13 25 37 49
rabbit 2 14 26 38 50
dragon 51 3 15 27 39
snake 52 4 16 28 40
horse 41 53 5 17 29
ram 42 54 6 18 30
monkey 31 43 55 7 19
cock 32 44 56 8 20
dog 21 33 45 57 9
pig 22 34 46 58 10
rat 11 23 35 47 59
ox 12 24 36 48 60

The Calendar

The sexagenary cycle, described above, does not depend on the solar or lunar cycles,

but conforms to an approximation of those cycles, a year of 360 days, 12 months in a year,

and a month of 30 days. These terms form the matrix of a calendar (8r-19v). Because no

certain method is given for fixing the solar and lunar cycles and the New Year, the manual

contains no calendar per se.67

67
For a discussion of the various calendrical systems used by the Mongols during the
late 19 and early 20th centuries see Appendix E of Christopher Atwood’s Young Mongols
th

and Vigilantes in Inner Mongolia’s Interregnum Decades, 1911-1931. Here Atwood

mentions the various Tibetan calendars described in detail by D. Schuh (1973: 133-137), the
Chinese lunar calendar which is well known, and points out a uniquely Mongolian calendar

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INTRODUCTION

The Days

The day is the smallest unit of natural time. The Mongolian term qono( refers

specifically to the nychthemeron, a day and its night or a full day, while edür, as in English,

though sometimes referring to the full day, is especially used for the period of daylight. The

term for night is söni. As in the West today, in the manual the day begins at midnight (söni

düli [6v]). It begins in the midst of the Rat hour, which in keeping with Chinese tradition,

is twice as long as the Western hour, making 12 hours in a day instead of 24. The first half

of the Rat hour belongs to the preceding day, the last half belongs to the coming day (6v).

When the sun has not yet risen, if one does not recognize the face of someone at a distance

of ten yards and one foot, it is in the outer limits of the night. If one recognizes the face it

is in the outer limits of the day. When the sun sets, if one recognizes the face of someone

at a distance of ten yards and one foot, it is in the outer limits of the day. If one does not

recognize the face, it is in the outer limits of the night (6v). The manual, as is common in

Indian and Tibetan mathematics, distinguishes three kinds of day (qono(-un (urban ¯üil),

reflecting three incommensurate cycles in nature: 1. the zodiac or sidereal day (Tib. khyim-

zhag), the time it takes the sun to progress one out of 360 degrees of the zodiac or the

movement of the sun across the celestial meridian; there are 360 such days in a year; this is

the longest type of day; 2. the doin, the solar or natural day (Tib. nyin-zhag), the period from

dawn to dawn; there are 365 such days per year; 3. the date or lunar day (Tib. tshes-zhag),

the period of time it takes the moon to travel one-thirtieth the distance between new moon

of the Khalkha (Atwood 2002: 1067-1070).

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INTRODUCTION

positions in each successive sign of the zodiac; there are 375 lunar days in a year; this is the

shortest type of day (Berzin 1987: 20-21; Schuh 1973: 84). As for the natural or solar day,

in the calendar, the manual shows the variations in lengths of day and night over the course

of the year (8r-19v):

IV.25 Hours of Light and Darkness

Month Hours of Daylight Hours of Darkness

(Mong.) qubi (Eng.) hours (Mong.) qubi (Eng.) hours
Tiger 26 10 hr. 24 min. 34 13 hr. 36 min.
Hare 28 11 hr. 12 min. 32 12 hr. 48 min.
Dragon 30 12 30 12
Horse 32 12 hr. 48 min. 28 11 hr. 12 min.
Snake 34 13 hr. 36 min. 26 10 hr. 24 min.
Ram 36 14 hr. 24 min. 24 9 hr. 36 min.
Monkey 34 13 hr. 36 min. 26 10 hr. 24 min.
Cock 32 12 hr. 48 min. 28 11 hr. 12 min.
Dog 30 12 30 12
Pig 28 11 hr. 12 min. 32 12 hr. 48 min.
Rat 26 10 hr. 24 min. 34 13 hr. 36 min.
Ox 24 9 hr. 36 min. 36 14 hr. 24 min.

The Week

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INTRODUCTION

Besides the number of the day of the month, one through thirty, there are seven other

daily cycles given in the manual: 1. the seven day week; 2. eight day week; 3. nine day week

or nine graha; 4. 28 nakshatra; 5. twelve animals; 6. twelve stages of dependent origination;

7. twelve lords of the day. Of these the primary reckoning system is the seven day week.

Today referred to in Mongolian as the dolo(an qono( (seven days), in the manual it is

referred to in the traditional way as dolo(an gara(/dolo(an odun (the seven stars). These

are, of course, the sun and moon, and the five planets known to the ancient world: Saturn,

Jupiter, Venus, Mars, and Mercury. The seven day week originated in ancient Mesopotamia,

and is found in the creation story in the Bible (Genesis 1-2 [Thompson, v. 2, 1900: xxiii]).

However, the form of the seven day week that has come down to us is not Babylonian, but

a Greek creation, which synthesizes the traditions of ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. This

is clear from the study of their order, which is in descending order according to their sidereal

rotation, the underlying assumption for this order being that the longer one of them takes to

go through the heavens, the farther it is from earth. Their order is from farthest to nearest:

Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon. Taking these in this order, every hour

of the day is then given a “ruler.” The ruler of the first hour of the first day is Saturn, the

ruler of the second hour of the first day is Jupiter and so on for twenty-four hours. Then the

first hour of the next day goes to the Sun; so Sunday, and so on, giving us the names of the

days of the week (Tester 1987: 4). It is Greek in origin because its basis is the arrangement

of celestial bodies according to their distance from earth and it supposes a division of the day

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INTRODUCTION

into 24 hours, a form of reckoning not Babylonian but ultimately of Egyptian origin

(Neugebaur 1951: 162-163).

One finds the same order in India, except that the designation of the first hour of the

first day of the week is given to the sun, Sunday, as the sun is lord of all planets (Burgess

1859: 175-176). In Europe Sunday became the first day of the week when Christians adapted

the Mithraist’s festival of the “Birth of the Unconquered Sun” (natalais solis invicti). This

festival was celebrated on December 25 as the day the sun’s light begins to increase after the

winter solstice. It was inaugurated by the Emperor Aurelian in AD 274. Christians, in

associating the “birth of the sun” with the birth of Christ, began to celebrate Christmas on

December 25, AD 336 and made December 25 the first day of the Church year and Sunday

the first day of the week (Macey 1989: 26). For the Jews the week begins on Saturday. In

China, the absence of the seven day week from almanacs has led some to believe that the

planetary week was not known prior to the coming of Jesuits in the 16th century

(Bobrovnikoff 1984: 24). E. G. Richards, in his monograph on the history of calendars,

states that the planetary week was first used in 1207 (Richards 1998: 165). However, as he

does not cite his source, given the multiplicity of systems in China, the context is unknown.

Nonetheless, even though the planetary week was not incorporated into the Xia calendar (the

primary calendrical system of China from 104 BC during the Han dynasty until the

promulgation of the Gregorian calendar in 1912), it was not unknown (Wilkinson 1998:

190). The seven day week is attested in the Muslim calendar (Mong. qotong ¯iruqai) found

in China in the department for Muslim astrology (Ch. Hui hui ke) established during the

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INTRODUCTION

Mongol empire („a(…i 1993: 78). From the Sui-Tang period at least, the planetary week

(Ch. qiyao/ch’i-yao “seven luminaries” [Mathews, #7305; Soothill and Hodous, 12])

according to the Indian system was known in China through Buddhist sources. The Indian

planetary week (Ch. qiyao/ch’i-yao “seven luminaries” [Mathews, #7305; Soothill and

Hodous, 12]) first appeared in China in AD 230 with the translation of the Mâtanga-sûtra

into Chinese (Ho 2000: 83). Prior to this time the planetary week according to the original

system beginning with Saturday, had also been known from Iranian culture, Persia and

Sogdia, via Central Asia (Needham 1959: 204-205; Schafer 1977: 10-11). The earliest

references to “seven luminary” systems are in the Hou Hanshu, i.e., before AD 210

(Needham, 1959: 205). As for the Turks of Central Asia, certainly by the middle of the 8th

century AD the seven day week – in numerous forms that reflected the diversity of that

region – was being used in their calendars together with the twelve year animal cycle of

Chinese origin. Among the Uygurs the Chinese system was most common (Bazin 1991: 124,

251; Golden 1995: 363-375; Gyarmati 1995; Rybatzki 2003: 263).

In the manual’s calendar, following Chinese custom, Saturday (Široi odun) is the first

day of the week (8v-19v), but in the description of the seven planets (21v-24v) and

throughout the section of various items (37r-61v) Sunday (Naran odun), following Indian

custom, is given first. The manual mentions the two customs in discussing the birthday of

the Bodhisattva Mañjuúri, when it says, “if one counts according to the custom of beginning

with the Earth star on the first day of the month, then, the celebration of the Bodhisattva

Mañjuúri's birth is the day when the thirteenth, the Tiger day, coincides with the Wood star”

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INTRODUCTION

(2r). In Mongolia (and throughout Asia) naming schemes for the days of the week abound.

A common method is to list the days by their number (nowadays typically beginning with

Monday as the first day of the week). Also found is the use of Tibetan and Sanskrit terms

for the days of the week (Ligeti 1972: 371-375). The manual, however, consistently uses the

Mongolian translations of the Chinese names for the wandering stars, which was the Uygur

practice as well (Gyarmati 1995).

IV.26 The Seven Day Week

Manual Chinese Mongolo- Sanskrit Mongolo- Tibetan English

Sanskrit Tibetan
Naran odun Ri/Jih Adiya Âditya Nima Nyi ma Sunday

Saran odun Yue Sumiya Soma Daba Zla ba Monday

'al odun Huoxing/ Anggira ( Angâraka M i(mar Mig dmar Tuesday

Huo-hsing

Usun odun Shuixing/ Bod Budha Lha (ba Lhag pa W ednesday

Shui-hsing

Modun Muxing/ Bragasbadi Brhaspati Pürbü Phur bu Thursday

odun Mu-hsing

Altan odun Jinxing/ Šugra Úukra Ba (asang/Ba Pa sangs Friday

Chin- sang
hsing

Široi odun Tuxing/ Sanièar Úanaiúcara Bimba Spen pa Saturday

T’u-hsing

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INTRODUCTION

The eight day week is comprised of the seven days previously mentioned plus Râhu,

given in the manual as Luuq-a, via Chinese transcription, Luohou. The eight day week is

common in both the Kâlacakra and Vaidurya dkar-po systems. The manual mentions that

the source here is the Kâlacakra (45v).

The term nine days or nine planets (isün gara() is mentioned in the text, though the

individual terms are not given. This system refers to the original sun, moon and the five

wandering stars, plus the two lunar nodes, the previously mentioned Râhu, and the

descending node, Ketü (32v).

IV.27 The Seven, Eight and Nine Day Weeks

Seven Day Eight Day Nine Day English

Week Week Week
Planet Day of the
Week
Naran odun Naran odun Naran odun Sun Sunday
Saran odun Saran odun Saran odun Moon Monday
'al odun 'al odun 'al odun Mars Tuesday
Usun odun Usun odun Usun odun Mercury Wednesday
Modun odun Modun odun Modun odun Jupiter Thursday
Altan odun Altan odun Altan odun Venus Friday
Široi odun Široi odun Široi odun Saturn Saturday
Luuq-a odun Luuq-a odun Râhu: the moon’s
ascending node

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INTRODUCTION

[Ketü odun] Ketu: the moon’s

descending node

The twelve animals are found in the calendar together with the twelve stages of dependent

origination (šitün barildaqui [8v-19v]). For the Twelve Animals see above under Zodiac.

For the Twelve Stages of Dependent Origination/Šitün Barildaqui, see above under Ritual.

The Twelve Lords

The twelve lords of the day (arban qoyar e¯en) is a cycle of twelve days of Chinese

origin, commonly found in Mongolian sources (see, for example, MONG. 156, 128, 282 and

511 (Heissig 1971: 182.). It belongs to an ancient astrological system, known as jianchu

(after the first two terms in the cycle) that dates to at least the Western Han (Allred 2002: 65,

n. 136). The term “lord of the day” (Mong. edür-ün e¯en) refers to the day of the week in

Chinese as well as in Greek and Sanskrit (Burgess 1859: 175-176). Chinese qizheng/ch’i-

cheng “seven rulers of the times and seasons” (Mathews 7305.16) is also used in reference

to the seven day week. As with the seven planets that comprise the days of the week, the

twelve lords of the day are deified, and, as such, are listed in the Manchu pentaglot dictionary

under the Manchu heading “Enduri i hacin” (kinds of deities [Pentaglot, 997]). The manual

gives a transcription of the Chinese terms: jan, èuu, man, bing, ding, gi [=ji], pô, üi, èeng,

šiu, ke, bi; their Mongolian translation: ejilegèi, aril(a(èi, dügürügèi, tübsidkegèi, to(ta(èi,

saki(èi, ebdegèi, tüšigèi [=tügšigèi], bütügèi, quriya(èi, negegèi, qa(a(èi, and then the

combination of the two: ¯an e¯ilegèi edür, etc. This combination is similar in form to that

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INTRODUCTION

of the calendar terms ¯a baras sara, etc. (7v), and, as with the calendar terms, this synthesis

of Chinese and Mongolian forms is also found in the Uygur Turfan documents. Four of the

twelve lords of the day return in the manual under the topic “a good day to set out on a

journey” (mör (arqu edürün sayin [48v]).68

IV.28 The Twelve Lords/Arban Qoyar E¯en

Manual Uygur Chinese English

¯an e¯ilegèi kin turmaq jian/chien The One Who
(Mathews 853)] Dominates
èuu aril(a(èi [èuu . . . .] qu/ch’u (Mathews The One Who
1391) Eradicates
man dügürügèi [ma]n tolmaq man (Mathews The One Who Fills
4326)
ping tübšidkegèi pi tüz qoy(u ping/p’ing The One Who
(Mathews 5303) Levels
ding to(ta(èi [ti] ornanmaq ding/ting (Mathews The One Who
6393) Stabilizes
gi saki(èi èip t[ut]maq zhi/chih (Mathews The One Who
996) Guards
pô ebdegèi pa buzulmaq Ch. po/p’o The One Who
(Mathews 5344) Destroys
üi tü[g]šigèi kuu alp yol wei (Mathews The One Who
7056) Trembles

68
See MMAD, 21, n. 61; Pentaglot, 17428-17440, pp. 997-998. For these twelve lords
in Uygur sources, cf. Rachmati 1972: #11, p. 308 and Bazin 1991: 287-288.

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INTRODUCTION

èeng bütügèi q[. .]ïma(u ol cheng/ch’eng The One Who

(Mathews 379) Accomplishes
šiu quryiya(èi šiu qoy(u shou (Mathews The One Who
5837) Assembles
ke negegèi [q]ai aèïlmaq kai/k’ai (Mathews The One Who
3204) Opens
bi qa(a(èi [pii . . . . lm [. . .] bi/pi (Mathews The One Who
5092) Closes

The Month

As might be expected in a luni-solar calendric system, the manual pays special

attention to the reckoning of the cycle of the moon with that of the sun in the making of the

calendar. The sixty term cycle of the ten heavenly stems and the twelve animals, usually

expressed in years and days, is given in the manual in terms of months and hours. Months

are comprised of either thirty days or of no more than twenty-nine days. A number of

different terms are used to designate this: the former are variously referred to as yeke sara

(great month) and er-e sara (masculine month), while the latter are ba(-a sara (small

month), öèüken sar-a (small month), em-e sara (feminine month), and okin sara (maiden

month). Large and small months alternate. Of the small months, for some it is the thirtieth

day that is missing. For others it is the fifteenth day. This too alternates, as follows (3v):

IV.29 The Large and Small Months

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INTRODUCTION

# Large Month Small Month

Minus Thirtieth Minus Fifteenth
1. Tiger
2. Hare
3. Dragon
4. Snake
5. Horse
6. Ram
7. Monkey
8. Cock
9. Dog
10. Pig
11. Rat
12. Ox

The first ten days of the month are referred to as šin-e (new), while the final ten days of the

month are qa(uèin (cf. also Rybatzki 2003: 270-271; Kara 1994: 201). The first month of

a particular season is referred to either as terigün sara or ekin sara. In the calendar the

second month ends on Tuesday, 'al odun, but then instead of Wednesday, Usun odun, the

third month begins again on Tuesday, 'al odun (8v and 9v). It is the same for the sixth and

seventh months; again the sixth month ends on Tuesday, while the seventh month begins on

Tuesday (13v and 14v), and so on for the tenth and eleventh months (17v and 18v). This

gives a distinct four month pattern such that every fifth month begins on Saturday, Siroi

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INTRODUCTION

odun. The manual mentions in the introduction that this is a Chinese custom, “[The

calendar] was composed according to the Chinese custom of beginning the Tiger, Horse and

Dog months on a Saturday” (Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi terigüten

Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai), 2v.

In the calendar months are given in three different ways, according to 1. the season,

e.g., the First Month of Spring; 2. the twelve animals, e.g., the Tiger Month; and 3. the

Mongolian system, which contains two systems: a) season and animal terms; and b) ordinal

numbers. Furthermore, each month is given according to five different mathematical

systems: 1. Indian Kâlacakra; 2. Chinese Peasant; 3. Chinese Mathematical; 4. Tibetan; 5.

Mongolian. This is represented in the manual as follows:

According to the Kâlacakrists of India it is the Burvabadaribad month, the

First Month of Autumn. For the peasants it is the Final Month of Autumn.
For the astrologers of black China it is the Middle Month of Autumn. In
Tibet it is the Rooster Month. In Mongolia it is the Eighth Month. (15r)

The custom of identifying the month in composite fashion according to the designation of

the season in different customs began during the Qing (Elverskog 2005: 161).69 The forms

given in the manual are as follows:

IV.30 The Months

69
For other examples of this type of designation of the month see Ligeti 1933: 62;
Bese 1972: 149-173.

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INTRODUCTION

Kâlacakra Peasant Black Chinese Tibetan Mongolian

Mathematics
Ebül-ün eèüs Qabur-un Qabur-un Baras sara Qubi sara/
Mig sara (Mig, dumdadu sara terigün sara (Tiger month) Nigen sara
the final month (the middle (the first (the first
of winter) month of month of month)
spring) spring)

Qabur-un Qabur-un eèüs Qabur-un Taulai sara Qoyar sara

terigün sara (the final dumdadu sara (Hare month) (the second
Udaribalguni month of (the middle month)
sara spring) month of
(Udaribalguni, spring)
the first month
of spring)

Qabur-un ®un-u terigün Qabur-un eèüs Luu sara 'urban sara

dumdadu sara (the first sara (the final (Dragon (The third
Jayitari month of month of month) month)
sara (Jayitari, summer) spring)
the middle
month of
spring)
Qabur-un eèüs ®un-u dumdadu ®un-u terigün Mo(ai sar-a Dörben sar-a
Šuša( sara sara (the sara (the first (Snake month) (the fourth
(Šuša(, the middle month month of month)
final month of of summer) summer)
spring)
®un-u terigün ®un-u eèüs ®un-u dumdadu Morin sara Tabun sara
Èista sar-a sara (the final sara (the (Horse month) (the fifth
(Èista, the first month of middle month month)
month of summer) of summer)
summer)

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INTRODUCTION

®un-u dumdadu Namur-un ®un-u eèüs Qonin sara ®ir(u(an sara

[Burvasad] terigün sara sara (the final (Ram month) (the sixth
sar-a (the first month of month)
([Burvasad], month of summer)
the middle autumn)
month of
summer)
®un-u eèüs Namur-un Namur-un Beèin sar-a Dolo(an sar-a
Abiji sara dumdadu sara terigün sara (Monkey (the seventh
(Abiji, the final (the middle (the first month) month)
month of month of month of
summer) autumn) autumn)
Namur-un Namur-un eèüs Namur-un Takiy-a sara Naiman sara
terigün sara (the final dumdadu sara (Cock month) (the eighth
Burvabadari- month of (the middle month)
bad sara autumn) month of
(Burvabadari- autumn)
bad, the first
month of
autumn)
Namur-un Ebül-ün Namur-un eèüs Noqai sara Isün sara (the
dumdadu terigün sara sara (the final (Dog month) ninth month)
Ašivani sara (the first month of
(Ašivani, the month of autumn)
middle month winter)
of autumn)
Namur-un eèüs Ebül-ün Ebül-ün 'aqai sar-a [Arban sara]
Kerteg dumdadu sara terigün sara (Pig month) (the tenth
sar-a (Kerteg, (the middle (the first month)
the final month month of month of
of autumn) winter) winter)
Ebül-ün Ebül-ün eèüs Ebül-ün Qulu(an-a Arban nigen
terigün sara (the final dumdadu sara sar-a (Rat sar-a (the
Margišar month of (the middle month) eleventh
sar-a winter) month of month)
(Margišar, the winter)
first month of
winter)

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INTRODUCTION

Ebül-ün Qabur-un Ebül-ün eèüs Üker sar-a (Ox Kögeler-ün

dumdadu terigün sara sara (the final month) sara/Arban
Bus sar-a (Bus, (the first month of qoyar sara
the middle month of winter) (The twelfth
month of spring) month)
winter)

The Mongolian names within this greater designation are interesting in and of

themselves. They too show a synthesis of elements. From the second through the eleventh

months of the yearly series, the names of the Mongolian months are ordinal numbers, Second

month, Third month, etc. This is a common designation for the months. It is used by the

Chinese and among peoples of Central Asia. It was also used by the Babylonians in

Mesopotamia. However, the first and last months of the year have distinctly Mongolian

names, qubi sara and kögeler sara respectively. The independent designation of the 1st and

12th months is in Uygur also (Kara 1979: 194). This designation of the month according to

ordinal numbers was introduced into Buddhist systems by 'Phags-pa lama, Qubilai's advisor

in 1268 (Schuh 1973: 6-7). Interestingly, the early Greco-Roman calendar had ten lunar

months designated by ordinal numbers. The first two months were originally not included

in the calendar. The earliest Roman year, that of Romulus, had ten lunar months,

associated with the period of human gestation just as is found in Chinese and Middle

Mongolian sources (Macey 1989: 29; Rybatzki 2003: 260), so it is quite likely that the

ordinal month numbers in the Mongolian calendar mark the lunar cycle within the solar

year. The only technology in the manual that can be said to be of Mongolian origin, this

system of ordinal numbers is known in Tibetan as hor-zla (the Mongolian month). As the

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INTRODUCTION

Tibetan term hor refers to both Mongols and Uygurs, the meaning of hor-zla is often

confused. This is exacerbated by the fact that the Mongolian system is borrowed directly

from the Uygur. Nonetheless, the origin of the term hor-zla comes specifically at this time.

This designation of the month was used throughout the Mongol Empire (Melville 1994: 84).

As for the names of the first and last months, these terms derive from a unique

Mongolian series, which Mostaert cites in full from the 9th series of the Long wei bi shu,

found in the Yi shih ji yu (chap. IV, f. 19) from the time of the Ming dynasty (Mostaert 1937:

131-132, n. 2). They are included in this study for the sake of further disseminating this

arcane series:

IV.31 The Ancient Mongolian Months

Mongolian English
1. qubi sara portion or destiny moon
2. qu¯ir sara soda moon
3. ögel¯in sara hoopoe moon
4. kökei/ kökege/ köküge sara cuckoo moon
5. ularu sara snowcock moon
6. ?ü¯ürü sara ?crow moon
7. (uran sara roebuck moon
8. bu(u sara stag moon
9. quèa sara ram moon
10. ? ?
11. itelgü sara falcon moon

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INTRODUCTION

12. kögeler sara ?

Apart from qubi and kögeler sara other terms from this list are included separately in either

the ordinal number or twelve animal systems. The term for the second, qu¯ir sara, is found

in the popular Ordos calendar and in the birch bark collections from Xarbuxyn Balgas (Bazin

1991: 393; Choido 2000: 212). The seventh month, (uran sara, is mentioned in The Secret

History of the Mongols (Supplement II, II f. 58 recto). Cerensodnom and Taube refer to the

Secret History reference as well in Die Mongolica der Berliner Turfansammlung (1993:

147); however, here they refer to it as quran sara (rain moon). As for the twelfth month,

Louis Bazin gives an etymology of kögeler sara as the Month of Mating. However, G. Kara

states that this etymology (< Old Turkish kögler, plur., to kög) has phonetic difficulties (Kara

1979: 194, note 23).70

Intercalary month

Because the cycles of the sun and moon are incommensurate, an intercalary method

is necessary in order to maintain the integrity of both. In terms of the solar cycle, the

calendar must consistently represent the seasons, that is the equinoxes and solstices. These

70
Cf. also Kara 1994: 201-206; 1973: 94-96; Ligeti 1933: 45, where this series of
terms is cited for the first time; the term sara in Kara’s study of the Zhiyuan Yiyu (1990:
321); and Rybatzki’s discussion of the names of the months in Middle Mongolian (2003:
263-266). For the series given here, cf. Mostaert’s Textes oraux ordos (1937: 131-132, note
2).

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INTRODUCTION

must fall in the middle of the middle month of the season, the vernal equinox coming in the

middle of the Dragon month, the summer solstice in the Ram month, the autumnal equinox

in the Dog month, and the winter solstice in the Ox month. In terms of the lunar cycle, the

calendar must consistently represent the new moon (at the beginning of each month) and the

full moon (in the middle of the month). In this because it is the lunar cycle with

approximately 354 days per lunar year that falls behind the solar cycle, approximately 365

days per year, the preferred method was to insert an intercalary month (saban sara).71 In

China the model for doing this was according to the observation that 235 synodic months

correspond to 19 solar years. Thus, as one lunar month lasts just over 29.5 days, in order not

to lose the integrity of the day, the lunar year is made up of and five to seven months of 30

days, and five to seven months of 29 days. This gives 354 days on average although some

years have 7 small months and 5 big months, and so on. Each lunar year, therefore, falls

short of the solar year by 10, 11, or 12 days. After three years of falling short, there are

enough of these extra days to make another full month. It is inserted after the month which

corresponds with the number of the year. Thus, over the nineteen year period, seven years

have an intercalary month (Palmer 1986: 64-66; Cullen 1996: 22-23). This nineteen year

cycle was already known and used in Babylonian calendars beginning in the 5th Cent. B.C.

In Western astronomy it is known as the Metonic cycle, after Meton, who tried,

71
The form saban is not a common term for the intercalary month, which is usually
expressed by the attribute ilegüü “extra.” In preclassical sources the form šün < Uy. šün <
Ch. run “extra” is also attested (Rybatzki 2003: 260-261; Kara 1994: 201).

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unsuccessfully, to introduce it into Greek calendar reckoning.72 In the classical Tibetan

system, the observation is that 67 synodic months correspond to 65 solar months, and so over

the course of 65 solar years 24 synodic months are intercalary (Schuh 1973: 4-5).

While these are general parameters for understanding the intercalary month, the

precise method of intercalation involves other factors, which make the system complex and

ultimately subjective or arbitrary, but without which the efficacy of predictions are lost. As

the manual says, “If one . . . continues to count without knowing which days to drop or the

intercalary month, then the good and bad results will not be accomplished” (4r). These

factors pertain to the days which are cut from the calendar (qono( tasura-) and the method

of inserting the intercalary month (saban sara-yi oriši(ulqui ar(-a).

In the manual a number of different intercalary methods are mentioned. One method

attributed to the Kâlacakra and Nâgârjuna is that in a year of twelve months, while six

masculine months have 30 days, six feminine months have no more than twenty-nine days.

Thus, six days are dropped. Then, at the respective solstices, two days are dropped. Adding

these together makes ten days cut from the calendar each year. In three years they will make

an intercalary month (3r).

Also in the Kâlacakra, the method concerning the custom of dropping six days is

further refined according to the tenets of the Abhidharma (Mong. abidarma; Tib. chos

72
Cf. Neugebauer 1951: 7. Neugebauer explains that up to 480 B.C. intercalations
of lunar calendars show no regularity. The 19 year seven intercalary cycle not only settled
the problem, but also seems to be an important step preceding later astrological methods.
In this period (c. 450 B.C.) probably falls the invention of the zodiac (Neugebauer 1951: 97).

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INTRODUCTION

mngon pa),73 which states that of those months with no more that 29 days, days should be

dropped alternately from the end of the month, the 30th, and from the middle of the month,

the 15th (3r-3v).

Another intercalary method is cited for those who uphold the custom of Vinaya

disciplinary regulations of the lamas and the general tenets for counting the days by

clepsydra. According to that system there will be an intercalary month after the lustrum

(tabun ¯üil), that is, after five solar years of 366 days. In this time the sun and moon have

completed a nearly whole number of sidereal revolutions, the former 5, the latter 67. Over

that period they have come into conjunction 62 times, for which reason a lustrum comprises

62 synodic months, each reckoned at 29 16/31 solar days but artificially divided into 30 lunar

days (Vogel 1964: 232-233).74

Returning to the previously stated method, regarding the six months in which days

are dropped, in the tenets of Nâgârjuna these days are dropped according to a sign which

indicates whether a day be dropped from the last part of the month instead of from the first.

That sign is as follows, “if by looking with one eye, the external lunar mansion of this day

73
Name of the third section of the Buddhist basic scriptures, constituting a
systematization of Buddhist doctrine. Cf. Lessing, 1159.
74
D. Schuh states that the Vinaya calendar had a 32½ month intercalary period that
was used for internal church affairs, so perhaps the translation of “lustrum” for tabun ¯üil
incorrect. The Vinaya calendar is used for internal church matters in modern times in Se-ra,
whereas in dGa’-ldun and ‘Bras-spungs only skar-rtsis calendar is used. There is no
evidence that such calendars were used to record dates of historical events (Schuh 1973: 8-
9);

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INTRODUCTION

has passed in front of the moon, it is the external nakshatra of the next day, and it is this day

which should be dropped” (3v).

As for dropping four days during the solstices, two days are dropped at each solstice

because (when there is no clear day to drop otherwise) the sun resides in the same place for

three days at each solstice, the day it declines (nara ba(uqu edür), the day the sun stops

(nara bayiqu edür) and the day it returns (nara urbaqu edür). Thus, as the nakshatra star

is the same each day, two days may be dropped (3v-4r). Nâgârjuna modified this by stating

that two days should be dropped at the vernal equinox in the Rat year, at the summer solstice

in the Hare year, at the autumnal equinox in the Horse year, and at the autumnal equinox in

the Cock year. Also, two days should be cut from the intercalary month as well (4r).

In summary the manual states that:

[I]f one studies these methods for counting [which days to drop] and tries to
bring them all under one system, one must be careful not to drop days in only
one direction. Some months one will drop a day from the initial fifteen days.
Other months one will drop a day from the latter fifteen days. (4r)

Another stipulation for an intercalary month is that, as there are thirty days in a

calendrical month, if there are two moons [in the period of a thirty day month] one will be

an intercalary month (5v).

A third intercalary method is as follows: Assuming that three hundred sixty-six days

make one year, then six days are left over. Also, if one calculates making the twelve months

into six big months and six small months, then six more days remain. This makes 12 days

per year, 36 days in three years. Thus, if one makes 30 of these days into an intercalary

month, six days will be left over. These remaining six days are joined with the 24 days of

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INTRODUCTION

the following two years to make another intercalary month. In this way intercalary months

fall alternately after three years and then after two years (6v).

Finally, as for the method to insert an intercalary month, the manual states that one

must count back 47 years, exclusive of the present year. If there is an intercalary month in

that year, the intercalary month of the present year should be inserted after the intercalary

month of that year. If there is no intercalary month in the 47th year, then one must judge as

follows: if there is no change of season in the latter fifteen days of the month in question,

then that month is an intercalary month. In this case the year begins with an intercalary

month. If, on the other hand, there is a change of season, then there is no intercalary month.

This is known as a “contrary year” (Mong. qarši ¯il [6v-7r]).

The Years

The year is defined according to Chinese tradition from winter solstice to winter

solstice according to the shadow length of a gnomon, which is at its longest at noon on the

winter solstice and disappears at noon on the summer solstice (6r). This is the tropical year

of 360 days. This gnomon measurement is known to have existed in antiquity not only in

China, but in India and Mesopotamia as well (Pingree 1998: 128b; Falk 2000: 108). The

period of the sidereal year, somewhat longer because of the effect of the earth’s precession,

is, as already mentioned, given at 366 days (6v). The lunar year of 354 days is referred to

as a “small year” (öèüken ¯il [33r]). An “obstacle” or “contrary” year (qarši ¯il) is defined

above in relation to the intercalary month. It is commonly found in Chinese almanacs

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signified in the picture on the cover which gives subtle indications of the characteristics of

the year to come (Smith, Richard1992: 20-21; DO, 297a). There are two designations for

the year, on and ¯il (Rybatzki 2003: 256-257). The term on marks a period of one year’s

duration.75 Contrast this with ¯il which marks the year by its moment of inception. Thus, in

terms of counting, whereas ¯il marks the sequence of time inclusively, on marks it

exclusively.

New Year

From the time of the Mongol Empire until the present day, the Mongols have

celebrated the coming of the New Year with a festival known as Èa(an sar-a (the white

month). Marco Polo describes the celebration at the court of Qubilai saying the Khaan and

all his subjects dress in the auspicious color white so that all may prosper in the coming year.

It was also customary to present the emperor with white horses and other gifts in the

fortunate number nine times nine or 81 (Polo, vol. 1, 1929: 390-393). In modern times, as

New Year’s day is reckoned somewhat differently in the Chinese and Mongolian calendars

the holiday tends to begin on separate days in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. Also its

practice in these places has been variously influenced by the governments (Atwood 2004:

584-587).

75
This term is likely related to Kitan po “season,” Jurchen pon/fon, Manchu fon “time,
season,” marks a period of one year’s duration (Kara 1994: 201).

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INTRODUCTION

In the manual “New Year” is referred to with a verbal stem, šinele- “to make new,

i.e., to celebrate the New Year” or more completely as ¯il ur(uqui-yin terigün-dür šinele- “to

celebrate the beginning of the coming year” (3r). The manual enumerates three different

occasions for celebrating New Year according to three different traditions, as follows:

As for designating the beginning of the New Year, in keeping with the
Kâlacakra, making the first of the year the Citrâ month, which comes in the
middle of spring, it will be celebrated when the leaves, which have since
fallen, begin to reappear. In keeping with the custom of the tantras of
Vajrad}~kin§ and Cakrasamvara it will be celebrated on the sixteenth day of
the Mr}gaÑir~ month when the winter sun descends. [And] it will be
celebrated after the Pus}ya month of the Chinese mathematicians has left this
land (China) and the dust has settled, making the Magh~ month the first
month of spring. (3r)

Of these three systems the one favored in the manual, the first month listed in the calendar,

is the method of the Chinese. The name of the month is given in the manual as follows:

According to the Kâlacakrists of India this is the Maghâ month, the final
month of winter. For the peasants it is the middle month of spring. For the
mathematicians of black China it is the first month of spring. In Tibet it is
the Tiger month. In Mongolia it is known as the first month. (8r)

This came about under Qubilai khan through his Imperial Preceptor, ‘Phags-pa lama, who

established the first month of the Wood Mouse Year, 1264, as the epoch. However, while

New Year was fixed at the beginning of the Maghâ month instead of at the Citrâ as is

followed in India, the name of the month according to the twelve animals would retain its

order. Hence instead of the Rat, the first month of the year became the Tiger (Schuh 1973:

5).

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INTRODUCTION

The Hours

The Mongolian term èa( refers both to “hour” and “time” in their dovetailing senses

as instant and duration. The term, (urban èa( “the three times,” means the past, present, and

future (Lessing, 369). In the phrase naran ur(uqui èa( (the hour of sunrise) èa( refers to

time as instant or occasion. As a unit of time measurement èa( indicates duration when the

method is a clock, the instant when the method is the gnomon. When measured by a gnomon

or sundial, the hour is variable. As there is no season, place or time of day when its duration

is the same, the hour as measured by a gnomon is totally incommensurate with the hour as

measured by a clock. Today it is common to conceive of the hour in terms of duration, but

in the manual, as in the ancient world in general, the hour was understood as variable.76 In

the manual there are twelve hours (èa() in a day. This is based on Chinese tradition, the 12

Double-Hour System in which the day was reckoned from midnight to midnight, that is, half

way through the first double-hour which begins at 11:00 p.m. (Wilkinson, 213). The first

extant enumeration of the 12 periods of the day is found in two popular almanacs dating from

about 217 B.C. The almanacs were used for determining the lucky and unlucky times for

various actions (Wilkinson, 213). The twelve hour day is found much earlier in ancient

Mesopotamia (Thompson 1900: xix; Neugebauer 1951: 81; Rochberg 1998: 35-38). The

twenty-four hour day, as is common in the West, is said to have been an invention of the

76
In Chaucer’s time, for instance, the hour was still conceived as variable (Macey
1989: xi).

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INTRODUCTION

Egyptians (Neugebauer 1951: 162-163). In the calendar matrix described above, the day

begins with the Ding-taulai (Ding-hare) hour (7v). Otherwise, the day begins in the Rat hour

with midnight (söni düli) falling in the very middle of the period, in keeping with the

Chinese custom (6v). Vogel, in his article on Tibetan chronology states incorrectly that in

Tibetan reckoning the hours proceed from the Rat hour 0-2 a.m., 2-4 a.m., etc. (Vogel 1964:

231). Rather, hours are reckoned in Tibet as they are in China (TEDP 89).

IV.32 The Twelve Hours

Manual Name Hour

Qulu(an-a èa( Rat hour 11 p.m. – 1 a.m.
Üker èa( Ox hour 1 a.m. – 3 a.m.
Baras èa( Tiger hour 3 a.m. – 5 a.m.
Taulai èa( Hare hour 5 a.m. – 7 a.m.
Luu èa( Dragon hour 7 a.m. – 9 a.m.
Mo(ai èa( Snake hour 9 a.m. – 11 a.m.
Morin èa( Horse hour 11 a.m. – 1 p.m.
Qonin èa( Ram hour 1 p.m. – 3 p.m.
Beèin èa( Monkey hour 3 p.m. – 5 p.m.
Takiy-a èa( Cock hour 5 p.m. – 7 p.m.
Noqai èa( Dog hour 7 p.m. – 9 p.m.
'aqai èa( Pig hour 9 p.m. – 11 p.m.

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INTRODUCTION

The Kalpa

The kalpa is well known to be of Indian origin. Lesser known, however, is its affinity

with the numerology of ancient Mesopotamia. In Indian mathematics the kalpa equals

4,320,000,000 years. In this it comprises 1000 “great ages” (mayâyuga) each of 4,320,000

years. Each mayâyuga contains four smaller yuga in ratios to each other of 4:3, 3:2 and 2:1.

The last yuga, the kaliyuga, is 1/10 mayâyuga or 432,000 years. This is a Babylonian

number, the span of time given to the Babylonian kingdom before the Great Flood (Pingree

1963: 238-240). This number, 432,000 years, is made up of 10,800(4); 10,800 equals

108(100); 108 is a common numerological term.77

Two classifications of the kalpa or eon (Mong. galab) are mentioned in the manual.

In the interrogative section in which the celestial maiden, Vima, describes the cosmos, three

kalpa are mentioned. These are the kalpa of the past, present and future, but named by three

of the four elements, the kalpa of fire ((al-un galab), kalpa of water (usun-u galab), and the

kalpa of air (key-yin galab) (33r). The second reference to the kalpa comes in the term, “the

four times” (dörben èa(), these refer to the four kalpas, kalpa of formation, continuance,

decline and disintegration (DBT 118). These, as the twelve sitün barildaqui, are derived

from the horoscope (38v, 59v).

IV.33 The Three Kalpa

77
While David Pingree concludes this to be a distinctly Mesopotamian influence on
India, Harry Falk accuses him of not being aware of the impact of sexagesimal counting in
Indian thought (2000: 110, n. 2).

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INTRODUCTION

Manual English
1. (al-un galab the kalpa of fire
2. usun(-u) galab the kalpa of water
3. key-yin galab the kalpa of air

Units of Time Measurement

Three systems of time measurement are given in the manual. Two are of Indian

origin, the other is Chinese.

IV.34 Time Reckoning Systems

IV.34a System A

This division is based on an Indian system, the ordinary Puranic division of the day (Burgess

1859: 149). Here the principle unit is the muhûrta (Mong. qubi). This unit is shown by H.

Jacobi to be based on a natural phenomenon (1920: 248). Assuming a month of 30 days, the

subdivision of the day into 30 parts, each 48 minutes long marks the time the moon loses

each day to the rising or setting time of the sun until both unite again after one month. As

H. Falk shows, “The difference in muhûrtas expressed in cardinal numbers defines the day

of the month in ordinal numbers. Vice versa, the date of the day allows [one] to judge at

what time the moon will rise or set” (Falk 2000: 113).

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INTRODUCTION

basa èa(-un il(al-<y>i medesügei
kemebesü nigen gšan-aèa ekile¯ü edür
söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u to(alaqui inu eng
terigün gšan kiged nige da(un kemekü
qoyar ¯üil buyu. eng terigün gšan
kemebesü mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san
sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi
buyu. tegün-lu(-a [=tegün-lüge] nigen
da(un (arqui inu saèu(u-yin] tula. nigen
da(un (arumui. tegüber ¯iran da(un
nigen möèe. (uèin möèi nigen qubi (uèin
qubi nigen qono(. (uèin qono( nigen sar-
a. arban qoyar sar-a nigen ¯il. tegün-eèe
qolidqa¯u üligsen-i [=ülegsen-i] saban
sara bolumui (5r)
1 gšan = the time of an arrow shot by a
marksman to pierce a leaf = 1 da(un
60 da(un = 1 möèe
30 möèe = 1 qubi
30 qubi = qono(
30 qono( = 1 sar-a
12 sar-a = ¯il
Also, if one would like to know how to
count the variations of time, then there are
two items, known as the very first
moment (ksana) and the single sound
(da(un), by which to reckon [time]
beginning from a single moment (ksana),
and making the day, night, month and
year. As for the very first moment
(ksana), it equals the time it takes an
arrow that is shot by a marksman [to
pierce] a leaf. Because the sound that is
emitted with this is equal to the length of
the act itself, one sound (da(un) is made.
Thus, sixty da(un equal one möèe
(branch); thirty möèe equal one qubi
(share); thirty qubi equal one day; thirty
days equal one month; and twelve months
equal one year. What remains after
joining these [units of time] becomes the
intercalary month.
gšan = the time of an arrow shot by a
marksman to pierce a leaf = 1 da(un.
da(un =1.6 seconds
möèe = 1.6 minutes or 96 seconds (S.
kalâ)
qubi = 48 minutes (S. muhûrta)
qono( = 24 hours
sar-a = 1 month
¯il = 1 year

IV.34b System B

System B is derived from an Indian system commonly used in Indian astronomical texts. It

is different from the ordinary Puranic division of the day (Burgess 1859: 149). In this system

Hindu astronomers reckon mean time from mean sunrise on the principal meridian which

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passes through an imaginary spot on the Equator called Lanka and the city of Ujjain. The

divisions of the day are as follows:

1 day or doin = 60 ghat}ikas (24 hours);

1 ghat}ika = 60 palas (24 minutes)

1 pala = 60 vipalas (24 seconds)

1 vipala = 60 vipratipalas, etc.

In other words: 2 ½ ghat}ikas = 1 hour; 2 ½ palas = 1 minute; 2 ½ vipalas = 1 second

(Richmond 1956: 82-83). The ghat}ika is also known as the nadî and the dan}d}a; the pala is

also known as the vinâdî and the nâlikâ (Burgess 1859: 149). Here the pala, at 24 minutes

is half the period of the muhûrta because as the lunation consists of both the waxing and

waning of the moon and the day of both day and night, the muhûrta was divided into two

(Falk 2000: 113). This system is found in the Kâlacakara (KOT 67; Newman 1987: 519-

520). It is described in the manual is as follows:

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INTRODUCTION

basa dusul-iyar to(alaqui kemebesü Also, as for measuring by the dusul

bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin
¯a(uraki-yi to(ala¯u (urban ¯a(un ¯iran
bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui. tere
kemebesü tngri-nerün nigen amisqaqui-
lu(-a saèu(uu bolumui. qoyar amisqaqui
anu qubi bolumui. qubi to(alaqui-dur
¯ir(u(an amisqaquy-i nigen möèe ¯iran
möèi nigen qubi nigen qubi-dur nigen
dusul qoyar qubi nigen tedüiken
kememüi. ¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono(
bolumui. (uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a
bolumui (5r-5v)
360 bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin
¯a(uraki = 1 dusul = 1 tngri-nerün
amisqaqui
2 (tngri-nerün) amisqaqui = 1 (tedüiken)
qubi
6 (bertegèin arad-un) amisqaqui = 1 möèe
60 möèi = 1 qubi
1 qubi = 1 dusul
2 qubi = 1 tedüiken (qubi)
60 qubi = qono(
30 qono( = 1 sar-a
(drop), if one counts the interval between
the breaths of an ignorant commoner,
three hundred sixty of these [5v] make a
dusul. This is equal to a single breath of
the gods. Two breaths equal one qubi.
When counting a qubi, it is said that in
one möèe there are six breaths; there are
sixty möèe in one qubi; in one qubi there
is one dusul – two qubi is as much as one
of the common [qubi]. Sixty qubi make
one day; thirty days make one month. If
there are two moons [in the period of a
thirty day month] one will be an
intercalary month.
bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin
¯a(uraki (the duration of the breath of an
ignorant commoner) = 4 seconds (S.
prâna);
tngri-nerün amisqaqui (the breath of the
gods) = 24 minutes;
möèe = 24 seconds (S. vinâdî);
dusul = 24 minutes;
(tedüiken) qubi = 48 minutes;
qubi = 24 minutes (S. nâdî);
qono( = 24 hours;
sar-a = 30 days.

IV.34c System C

This is the Chinese baike system (Mong. ¯a(un möèe), based on the clepsydra (Wilkinson

1998: 203-205). By the time of the manual, this system was no longer in use in China. The

government abandoned the 100-ke system in 1670 in favor of the Western 24-hour system

introduced into China by Matteo Ricci (1552-1610 [Wilkinson 1998: 222]).

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INTRODUCTION

basa nigen qono(-i ¯a(un möèi bol(an
to(alaquy-yin yosun inu nigen edür qoyar
söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu. egüni arban
qoyar èa(tur qubiya¯u amui. nigen èa(tur
naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu
bui. arban qubi bolbasu nigen möèi bui.
arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui.
tegüber tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben a(ur
èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r
1 qono( = 100 möèi
100 möèi = 12 èa(
1 èa( = 8 möèe, 4 qubi, 3 adqu
10 qubi = 1 möèi
10 adqu = 1 qubi
Also, as for the system of calculating by
making the day one hundred möèe, in one
day and two nights there are one hundred
möèe. These are divided into twelve
hours. In one hour there are eight möèe,
four qubi and three adqu (handful). Ten
qubi make one möèe. Ten adqu make one
qubi. By this means, the twenty-four
breaths and joints of the sky and land are
divided up.
adqu = 8.64 seconds
qubi = 86.4 seconds
möèi = 14 minutes 24 seconds (Ch. ke/k’e
(Mathews 3322.b)
èa( = 2 hours
qono( = 24 hours

For a comparison of the Tibetan terminology, see the passages below, one from Rechung

Rinpoche Jampal Kunzang’s book on Tibetan medicine and another from C. Vogel’s study

of Tibetan chronology:

The smallest conceivable division of time is the 120th part of one moment or
skad-chig-ma (time required for the sound of snapping one’s fingers); sixty
such skad-chig-ma or moments make one thang; thirty thang make one yud-
tsam (a small portion of time stated to vary from eight seconds to one and a
half minutes); thirty yud-tsam make a day and a night, or one nyin-shag (if
one nyin-shag equals twenty-four hours, then one yud-tsam equals forty-eight
minutes, and one thang is one minute and thirty-six seconds, and one skad-
chig-ma is one and three-fifths of a second); thirty nyin-shag make one month
or zla-ba; two zla-ba make a season, and six seasons make a year. (Rechung
1973: 56)

The day is comprised of twelve double-hours; 0-2 am = midnight, mouse

hour, etc. [11pm -1am = midnight, mouse hour, etc.]; one double hour falls
into five water-clock hours (chu-tsod) of 24 minutes, one water-clock hour
is divided into 60 water-clock minutes of 24 seconds, one water-clock minute

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is divided into 60 breaths (dbugs) of 24 thirds, and one breath into 60

particles of 24 fourths; or, the smallest unit of time is called either a moment,
a twinkle, or a snap of the fingers. (Vogel 1964: 225-238)

Finally, worth comparing are the units of time of ancient Mesopotamia, as follows:

1 gar = 4 seconds

60 gar = 1 uš (4 minutes)

20 uš = 1 mana (80 minutes (1 1/3 hours))

30 uš = 1 bçru (2 hours)

12 bçru = 1 day

(Rochberg 1998: 38). The DANNA (bçru) double hour( = 30 UŠ or 120 minutes) were, of

course, seasonal hours, twelve divisions of the day whose number remain fixed but whose

lengths depend on the time of the year and on geographical latitude (Neugebauer 1951: 81;

Rochberg 1998: 6).

The Seasons

Seasons are indicative of yearly climate. As climate varies from place to place, they

are conventional. In ancient Egypt there were three seasons of four months: 1. Inundation,

2. Emergence, 3. Dryness. The celestial phenomenon upon which they are based was the

rising of the star, Sirius, the sign of the flooding of the Nile (Neugebauer 1975: 559). In

India, the monsoon governs the seasons. The Vedanga Jyotisha gives six seasons, each two

months long, associated with cold, heat, spring, autumn and the monsoon (Stone 1981: 13;

Brennand 1896: 68). These have been adopted in Tibet as well, although the climate there

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is much different (Rechung 1973: 55). In China, in keeping with the cosmology of the five

elements, a fifth season is derived from adding the last month of summer to the traditional

four seasons (Sun 1997: 104). However, seasons are not merely weather terms. The four

seasons, as we know them and as they are known in China, Tibet, India and throughout the

world, are no sham, but true or apparent and defined by four points, the summer and winter

solstices and the vernal and autumnal equinoxes, marking the sun’s path along the celestial

equator over the course of the year, the corresponding length of day and night, and the

fluctuation of the climate. Through this relationship between the weather on the earth and

the position of the sun, the seasons, both in the West and in the East, became an integral part

of the voluminous concept of the “harmony of the spheres,” under the rubric of which,

weather was linked to the notes of the musical scale, elements, colors, directions and so on,

and became of special significance in medicine.78 The fundamental need the seasons serve,

however, is agricultural. The rising of Sirius, sign of the season of inundation, marked the

time of planting in ancient Egypt (Neugebauer 1951: 82). For the ancient Babylonians there

were two seasons, planting and harvesting (Richards 1998: 147). The Chinese solar calendar

is known as the peasant calendar. Devised for agriculture, it divides the tropical year into

twenty-four seasons, the joints and breaths (ershisi jieqi). The cycle begins when the sun

enters Aquarius (M. Qumqan-u ger), around the end of January or the beginning of February.

78
Compare, for instance, the first seven chapters of the Hippocratic treatise “On the
Nature of Man” with Rechung Rinpoche Jampal Kunzang’s translation of the biography of
the Elder gYu-thog Yon-tan mGon-po, court physician of King Khri-srong-lde-bstan (8th
century AD [Rechung, 1973: 55-56]).

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INTRODUCTION

The next term falls when the sun enters the fifteenth degree of the zodiac sign, and so on

throughout the year. These twenty-four terms bear names which predict the conditions of the

season and the times of sunrise and sunset. Lichun (M. lii èun), The Beginning of Spring,

starts at 7:01 a.m. and ends at 6:14 p.m. Yüshui (M. yuu sui), Constant Rain, starts at 6:53

a.m., ends at 6:22 p.m., and so on. Because of the climate it describes, it is believed to have

been developed in northern China, the ancient homeland of the Han people (Palmer 1986:

64-66).

In China and other parts of the ancient world, in Egypt and Mesopotamia, a simple

vertical pole, the gnomon, was used to determine the seasons of the year according to the

length of the shadow that it cast (Sayili 1960: 346). From ancient times in both China and

Mesopotamia, the seasons were also known according to the sidereal division of the

nighttime sky into four quadrants. In ancient Babylon these were: 1. the Bull of spring; 2.

the Lamp of summer; 3. the Scorpion of autumn; and 4. the Turtle of winter (Lindsay 1971:

53). In China: 1. the Blue Dragon of spring; 2. the Red Bird of Summer; 3. the White Tiger

of autumn; and the Black Turtle of winter (Needham 1959: 242; Sun and Kistmaker

1997:113-119). The distinction between tropical and sidereal seasons is significant in that

due to the precession of the earth, over time the rising of a star, for example, Sirius, will no

longer correspond to its season on earth, that is, the flooding of the Nile. However, although,

the tropical year varies from year to year by twenty minutes or so due to the effect of

nutation, the wobbling of the earth upon its axis, and weather patterns change over time, the

seasons are nonetheless intrinsically linked with the solar year. This is likely the distinction

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INTRODUCTION

made in the manual’s passage, “the sun and moon will lose their way in times of calamity,

but the weather of the years, months and quarter hours will agree (èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara

mör tögerekü kiged ¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui [4v]). The manual incorporates the

Chinese twenty-four joints and breaths as qorin dörben a(ur èa( but names only two

specific terms, the first and second, li èun (Ch. lichun/li-ch’un) “the beginning of spring” and

yuu sui (Ch. yushui) “constant rain,” respectively.79 Rather, it is the four seasons (dörben

èa(-un a(ur), listed as follows, that are found in the calendar (cf. also Rybatzki 2003: 258-

260):

IV.35 The Four Seasons

Manual English
1. qabur spring
2. ¯un summer
3. namur autumn
4. ebül winter

Also in the calendar are descriptions of the seasons in keeping with the twelve

monthly signs of the zodiac. These twelve signs of the seasons are as follows:

IV.36 The Signs of the Seasons (8r-19r)

79
For the entire series, see Wilkinson 1998: 185; Palmer 1986: 66.

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INTRODUCTION

MONGOLIAN ENGLISH
Month Sign Month Sign
Baras baras ¯ul¯a(alamui Tiger the tiger brings forth young
Taulai modun bügüde Hare hares notice all the buds on the
¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai trees, eat their fill, then mate.
mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad
qošiyalamui
Luu a(ur oroqui-dur luu Dragon when the pneuma [of a change
dong(oddumui of weather] arrives the dragon
will sound.
Mo(ai mo(ai arisun-iyan nüken- Snake the snake leaves its skin inside
dür orkimui a hole
Morin morin qulan terigüten Horse the horse, onager and so on
tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün will fatten-up and fill out their
güièimüi 12r. appearance and color.
Qonin qonin èaddu(ad tar(u Ram sheep are satiated and grow
güièi¯u fat.
Beèin modun cim[e]g beèin inu Monkey the monkey, ornament of the
¯imis ide¯ü èiddu(ad. trees, having eaten its fill of
¯ul¯a(an-iyan te¯igemüi fruit, feeds its young.
Takiy-a qamu( šiba(un tariyan Cock all birds eat their fill of grain
¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui and fruit.
Noqai noqai quraèi¯u [=qurièa¯u] Dog dogs are in heat and mate.
qošiyalamui
'aqai (aqai nasu to(alan Pig pigs mature and bring forth
¯ul¯a(alamui young.
Qulu(an-a tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken- Rat the marmot and the rat will
eèe ülü (arumui not leave their holes.
Üker üker-ün bey-e qala(un bol¯u Ox the body of the ox becomes
ebesün èidtala idemüi hot, and it eats its fill of grass.

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INTRODUCTION

Comparative Mathematics

In summarizing the manual’s technology, one thing that stands out is its blatant

indifference to change. A time-line demonstrates this well:

19th century

The anonymous manual is written out.

1715

Tngri-yin udq-a, the astronomical system based on Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) is

carved in Mongolian language. After this time Mongolian star systems tend to align

around that of the Chinese. The manual, however, retains the older star system

similar to that of the Uygurs and Hindus.

1683-1685

The Vaidûrya dKar-po “White Beryl” is written by Sang rgyas rGya-mtsho (1653-

1705). This becomes the main source for Tibeto-Mongolian mathematics. Though

it shares some similarities with the manual, these are relatively few. What is

common between them likely comes through earlier sources.

1670

Though the Chinese government abandons the 100-ke system in favor of the Western

24-hour system introduced into China by Matteo Ricci (1552-1610), this system is

found in the manual (Wilkinson 1998: 222).

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INTRODUCTION

17th century

The Qing begins to identify the months in composite fashion by the designation of

the season according to different customs (Elverskog 2005: 161). This method is

found in the manual.

15-17th century AD

Buddhist reconfiguration of the nakshatra is accomplished by including Abhijit with

the 21st nakshatra, Ðravan}a. The modern Mongolian system follows the Tibetan

method (Terbish 2001: 26, 28). The manual’s star system does not.

1268

Under Qubilai Khan ‘Phags-pa lama reconciles the Tibetan and Chinese calendrical

systems. The manual’s technology reflects this change in the name for the month

(Tib. hor-zla) and in the order of the duodenary animal cycle, which subsequently

begins with the tiger (Mong. baras). When it comes to marriage customs, however,

the manual maintains the older Chinese way, beginning with the rat (Mong.

qulu(an).

1202

An almanac (T.II Y.29) shows that the Uygurs at Qocho are using a number of

systems very similar to those found in the manual. These include the 28 nakshatra

beginning with Kr}ttik~, the terms for the sexagenary cycle, and the twelve lords of

the day (Rachmati 1972: passim).

5-11th century CE

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INTRODUCTION

Indian astronomical systems develop from Greek influence beginning with works

such as the Sûryasiddhânta some time in the 5th century and culminating with the

Kâlacakra.in the 11th century. The nakshatra system in the manual does not follow

the “unequal space” systems developed by famous Hindu astrologers, Brahmagupta

(7th century CE) and Garga (?1st century BC [Stone 1981: 88, 185]) nor the system

of 27 nakshatra found in the Kâlacakra (Raghu Vira and Lokesh Chandra 1966: 38v

[p. 80]). Some time during this period comes the assimilation of the 3rd and 16th

Chinese asterisms, Di and Lou, into the Indian constellations Viúâkhâ and Aúvinî,

respectively.

8th century CE

Tantric Buddhism develops in China bringing with it Greek and Babylonian

mathematical systems including the signs of the zodiac (Ho: 2003: 69-82).

6th century CE

The Sanskrit Sûryagarbhasûtra, cited as a source for the composition of the

nakshatra in the manual, is translated into Chinese (Nattier 1992: 171-172).

4th century CE

The precession of equinoxes is known in both China and India. In India by the

beginning of the Christian era, as the vernal equinox fell under Aúvini, eventually,

through Greek influence Hindu astrology began to reflect the change in manuals that

give Aúvini as the first nakshatra and Kr}ttik~ as the third (Clerke 1911: 996a). The

310
INTRODUCTION

system used in the manual, however, gives the long obsolete configuration beginning

with Kr}ttik~.

2nd century CE

In his Tetrabiblos Ptolemy repudiates the practice of using numerology to derive the

positions of the stars in favor of empirical observation. Some 1600 years later, in the

manual position is still derived from numbers.

1st century CE

After repudiating omina as superstitious, Buddhists synthesize the Indian nakshatra

with omen literature from Mesopotamia. This “nakshatra astrology” similar in

essence to that found in the manual is exported into Iran and Central Asia from

whence it eventually reaches China (Pingree 1963: 233).

3rd century BC

The five elements, earth, fire, wood, metal and water, are attested in China during the

Warring States Period (Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 104; Smith, Richard 1991: 23).

4th century BC

The five Pythagorean elements, ether, air, fire, water, and earth, are attested in Greek

sources (Kingsley 1995: 13-17; Tester 1987: 59).

5th century BC

According to O. Neugebauer, the time of the invention of the zodiac is most likely

around 450 BC. It appears for the first time in 419 BC, although the constellations

by which the signs are named are much older (Neugebaur 1951, 97-98).

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INTRODUCTION

6th century BC

Perhaps during this period the twelve Jupiter stations (Ch. ci) become associated with

the famous cycle of animals, rat, ox, tiger, etc. (Needham, 1959: 258).

1st millennium BC

The list of 28 nakshatra is given for the first time in the Atharvaveda and various

Brâhmanas, when Abhijit, the star Vega in Lyra, is added (only to be subsequently

dropped in Hindu systems [Pingree 1963: 230]). This is the number of asterisms in

the manual.

2nd millennium BC

The chronology in the manual is based on a sexagenary cycle invented in China in

the 2nd millennium BC. In the Shang period the terms of the cycle are used strictly

as a day count. Only during the Han dynasty in the first century BC are they used to

count the years as well (Needham 1959: 396).

2300 to 1800 BC

In the manual the first nakshatra, defined by the position of the sun at the time of the

spring equinox, is Kr}ttik~, the Pleiades. However, because of the earth's precession,

the arrangement would have been correct only during this period. Concerning the

Chinese asterisms, Sun and Kristemaker, in calculating the right Ascensions of the

four xiu constellations that marked the vernal equinox, niao, summer solstice, huo,

autumnal equinox, xu, and the winter solstice, mao, find that at the year 2400 BC the

values fit the cardinal points rather well, suggesting a first use of these cardinal

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INTRODUCTION

asterisms about 2300 BC . With an uncertainty of plus or minus 250 years, this

includes reign of Sargon in Akkad and Yao Di (Sun 1997: 17-18). Sun and

Kistemaker also show that a tomb excavated near Puyang, Henan, contains images

representing the Dragon and the Tiger. The age of the tomb is 3000 BC (Sun 1997:

116).

To draw out some of the main strands of influence and shared conventions seen in

the study of the manual’s technology, in India common units of time along with the great

cycles ending in the kalpa were derived from those in Mesopotamia. The zodiac was

borrowed in India from Mesopotamia. This is apparently distinct from Greek influence, for

the Greeks also borrowed the zodiac but translated it differently. There is Greek influence

in the days of the week and in the four elements. In the five elements Indian mathematics

shares similarity with the Pythagorean tradition. Indian mathematics also shares similarity

with Chinese mathematics in regards to the twenty-eight asterisms. While eight out of 28

are roughly similar, ten are almost exactly the same. The comparative study of different

asterism systems shows Chinese influence on the Indian nakshatra. The 19 year intercalary

cycle is found in ancient Mesopotamia, Greece, India and China.

As for the question of the relationship between Mesopotamian culture and Chinese

mathematics, it has been a part of a longstanding argument among Sinologists over the

antiquity of Chinese astronomy, and what, if any, influence foreign sources have had. In a

monograph on Chinese mathematics, Li, Qi and Shu, Ho Peng Yoke succinctly summarizes

313
INTRODUCTION

the ideas of some of the most influential scholars on the subject over the past 150 years or

so. He states that based on the mathematical information in the Shijing (Historical Classics),

scholars such as Gaubil, J. B. Biot and de Saussure were of the opinon that celestial

observations were being made in China by about 2300 BC. Schlegel devotes a section of his

uranography of Chinese asterisms to arguing for a prehistoric origin around 16,000 BC.

Shinjo Shinzo also held the view that Chinese astronomy was indigenous. While Henri

Maspero agreed that Chinese mathematics was indigenous, he thought that it did not arise

in China until the 6th or 5th century BC. On the other hand Iijima Tadao believed Chinese

mathematics came from the Greeks or Babylonians. Joseph Needham believed in

Babylonian influence (Ho 2001: 116-117). Edward Schafer in Pacing the Void speculates

that native Chinese mathematics was probably modified by Babylonian methods by at least

the 6th century BC (Schafer 1977: 10).

Without unduly emphasizing the case for Mesopotamian influence – as such

questions are best left to those with first hand knowledge – some salient aspects of

Mesopotamian culture are worth noting. As with Chinese mathematics, the Mesopotamian

tradition emphasized the lunar cycle over the solar in contrast to the ancient Egyptians. They

emphasized omina over morality in contrast to the Hebrews. They emphasized “true or

apparent” time as measured by a gnomon over “absolute” or clock time. In both Chinese and

Mesopotamian traditions one finds base ten and base 60 number systems and the intercalary

cycle of 19 years. In very ancient times both have systems of four seasonal constellations,

one of which, the constellation for winter and the north, is signified by the turtle. Dragons

314
INTRODUCTION

are common in Mesopotamia, China, and throughout Eurasia. In early Chinese omen

literature of the Han dynasty, one finds the twelve hour day, common also in ancient

Mesopotamia. David Pingree demonstrates that omen literature, transmitted via India and

Buddhism through Central Asia, is also of Mesopotamian origin.

Also through Buddhist influence came the Chaldean zodiac, the four elements, and

the seven day week, although in a form originated by the Greeks. Tangentially, the Chinese

share similarity with the Pythagorean tradition in the cosmology of opposing forces and five

homogenous elements. Not only are three of the elements the same, this cosmology

manifested in highly similar conceptions of the harmony of the spheres, macrocosm and

microcosm, and associations with medicine and music.

As for links between Mesopotamia and Central Asia, in addition to what has been

mentioned already, months are named according to their number in Mesopotamia, among the

Chinese, Turks and eventually among the Mongols. New Year was celebrated at the vernal

equinox in ancient Mesopotamia and among the Turks and Mongols.

These are only some of the similarities between Eurasian mathematical traditions,

found merely in the study of Mostaert’s manual.

Marriage

As birth, death and marriage were generally the three most popular subjects for

divination practice, while the Vaidûrya dKar-po pays special attention to each, the manual

deals little with death, even less with birth, offering virtually nothing for a person’s nativity,

315
INTRODUCTION

but, though not rivaling the coverage of the Vaidûrya dKar-po, it does provide an extensive

treatment of marriage. This technology, though likely not taken from the Vaidûrya dKar-po

itself, reflects an antecedent in Chinese marriage practice, perhaps coming to the Mongols

via Tibetan.80 In the section of the manual dealing with marriage, the twelve year animal

cycle begins not with the Tiger as is found elsewhere in the manual but with the Rat year.

This shows that the source is older than the Yuan calendar reconciliation in 1268 (54v).

Chinese influence is also found in the general procedure for marriage, the significance of the

eight trigrams and in the various kinds of brides (54r-54v).

As may be gleaned from the information in the manual, the basic progression of the

nuptial rite begins with the girl’s engagement, signified by the placing of a special hat, the

bo(to, upon her head. When the day of marriage arrives, she is adorned in a special robe,

placed upon a horse and led to the home of her groom, where she is greeted, helped to

dismount, brought over the threshold into the home. There, after she is given something to

eat and her face washed, she prostrates herself before the fire in the hearth.

In order for a marriage to be fortunate, a great many factors must be taken into

account. A divination is performed to find under which of the eight trigrams the bride will

fall. This is the only situation in the manual, where the eight trigrams, so prevalent

throughout the Vaidûrya dKar-po, come into play. The bride who comes under the li

trigram, for instance, is a bride who holds a sickle in her hand. It is bad. It is especially bad

80
For a brief description of Chinese marriage customs see Doré, Henry, Researches
into Chinese Superstitions, vol. 1, pp. 29-40.

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INTRODUCTION

if she is born either in the Snake or Horse years (54r-54v). The years of the bride and groom

must be suitable. For instance, if the man and woman are both born in the Rat year, it is

good, for they will have many sons, but a girl born in the Rat year should not be given to a

man born in the year of the Hare, etc (54v). The right day to become engaged and to be

married must be determined (53v). Age is an important factor. If a man born in the Rat year

takes a bride who is either fifteen, twenty-seven or thirty years old, it is bad, etc. (53r). The

year of the girl and the year of her guardian (ibegel) must also be suitable, as should the day

she sets out on her way, the color of her robe, the color of the horse she rides, the direction

she should take when she sets out on her way, the direction she should face when she

dismounts, the hour at which she prostrates herself before the fire of the hearth, and so on.

Other considerations include certain occasions of the day and the nakshatra under which one

should not take a bride (52r)and the four demons of a bride (beri-yin dörben šilmus [52r]).

Significant people in the marriage ceremony, other than the bride and groom and the

astrologer, are the matchmaker or go-between (¯i(uèi), the guardian of the bride (ibegel), the

one who delivers her (kürgegèi), the one leads her (kötelügèi), the one who greets her

(u(tu(èi), the one who supports the trivet (tul(-a tulu(èi), the one who starts the fire ((al

tülegèi), the one who washes the bride’s face (ni(ur ugiya(èi), the one who has her enter the

household (gerte oro (ulu(èi), and the one who offers her food (idegen idegülügèi). As for

the bride herself, the various kinds of bride are listed below:

IV.37 The Kinds of Bride

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INTRODUCTION

1. the bride who brings danger (ayul bolqu beri [52r]).

2. bride who holds good fortune (buyan kešig bari(san beri [54r]).

3. bride who comes under the dui trigram (dan-dur ucira(san beri [54r]).

4. a superior bride, i.e., descendants and animals will flourish; it is good (degedü beri [52r]).

5. a fair bride, i.e., one who give birth to a daughter (dumda beri [52r]).

6. a poor bride, i.e., descendants will be few (eèüs beri [52r]).

7. bride who holds a sickle in her hand ((ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri [54r]).

8. bride who holds a braid casing in her hand ((arta(an širbegel bari(san beri [54v]).

9. bride who holds a hearth in her hands ((ar-ta(an odèu( bari(san beri [54r]).

10. bride who comes under the gen trigram (gen-dür uèira(san beri [54r]).

11. bride who comes under the qian trigram (gin-dür uèira(san beri [54r]).

12. bride who comes under the zhen trigram (jen-dür uèira(san beri [54v]).

13. bride who comes under the kan trigram (kam-dur uèira(san beri [54r]).

14. bride who pulls the leg with a hook (köl göq-a-bar tata(ci beri [54v]).

15. bride who comes under the kun trigram (kun-dur uèira(san beri [54r]).

16. bride who holds a human skeleton (kümün-ü yasun bari(san beri [54r]).

17. bride who comes under the li trigram (lii-dür uèira(san beri [54r]).

18. bride who carries a sack on her back (niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri [54r]).

19. bride who holds a Chinese sickle on the top of her head (oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur

bari(san beri [54r]).

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INTRODUCTION

20. bride who separates (qa(aèiqu beri [52r, 52r]).

21. bride who comes under the sun trigram (sön-dür uèira(san beri [54v]).

22. bride who will die (ükükü beri [52r]).

23. bride who does not suit (ülü ¯okiqu beri [52r]).

A survey of the studies on marriage customs shows that practices differed greatly not

only in Ordos but throughout Mongolia. In none of these studies does the marriage rite

follow exactly what is found in the manual. However, though some customs, such as the

placing of the bo(to hat upon the bride’s head, were obsolete in Ordos by the 19th century

(when the manual was written out) and early 20th century (when it was used by Sangwar) and

for the most part throughout Mongolia during this period, both the general procedure of the

ceremony and variations on specific practices, such as the bride’s bowing before the fire,

were still extant.81 What is more, the manual was almost certainly used by Sangwar for

determining the suitability of the bride and groom, the time and place of the ceremony, and

so on.82

81
Concerning the bo(to hat, which was worn by Mongolian women during the time
of the Mongol Empire, though its style, tall, thin shaped, with a feather on top, was by the
Qing time obsolete, the adornment of a hat to signify marriage was still a common practice.
Also the term bo(tala- “to put the bo(to cap on a woman, i.e. to marry her off; to become
engaged” is attested not only in the manual but in Khorchin weddings as well (Pao 1964: 52).

82
This is the case for the Vaidûrya dKar-po as well. For descriptions of the nuptial
rites throughout Mongolia and in Tibet and China see Pozdneyev 1978: 564-574; Doré, vol.
1, 1966: 29-40; Kler 1935: 165-190; Serruys, Paul, 1944: 73-154; Mostaert 1956: 270-278;
Pao 1964: 29ff; Serruys, Henry, 1974: 247-331; 1975: 275-360; Hangin 1975: 41ff.;

319
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Tucci, Giuseppe, The Religions of Tibet, Samuel, Geoffrey, transl. from German and Italian,

Berkeley, University of California Press, 1970.

Tumbaa, Kh., translit., Mongol emiin jor [Mongolian medical prescriptions], Ulaanbaatar,

Ulsyn Khevleliin Gazar, 1990.

Turetzky, Philip, Time, London: Routledge, 1998.

Uray, Géza, “The Earliest Evidence of the use of the Chinese sexagenary cycle in Tibetan,”

Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, vol. 2, 1984: 341-360.

Van der Kuijp, Leonard, “The Kâlacakra and the patronage of Tibetan Buddhism by the

Mongol Imperial Family,” Central Eurasian Studies Lectures 4, Bloomington:

Indiana University, 2004.

Van Hecken, Joseph, “Antoine Mostaert C.I.C.M. (1881-1971),” Neue Zeitschrift für

Missionswissenschaft, vol. 2, Beckenried, 1972: 30-94, 185-199.

Vasubandhu, Abhidharmakoúabhâsyam, transl., Louis de La Vallée Poussin, transl. Leo M.

Pruden, Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 1988.

358
REFERENCES

Veith, I., Classical Internal Medicine of the Yellow Emperor, Berkeley, 1966.

Vogel, Claus, “On Bu-ston’s view of the eight parts of Indian medicine,” Indo-Iranian

Journal, 6 (1963): 290-5.

Vogel, Claus, "On Tibetan Chronology," CAJ 9 (1964): 224-238.

Vogel, Claus, “A note on Chronology,” CAJ 9 (1964): 312.

Vreeland, H. H., Mongol Community and Kinship Structures, New Haven, 1967.

Waddell, L. Austine, Buddhism & Lamaism of Tibet, New Delhi: Gaurav Publishing House,

1978. (Reprint)

Waley, Arthur, The Way and Its Power: A Study of the TAO TE CHING and Its Place in

History, Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1942.

Wayman, Alex, “Buddhist tantric medicine theory on behalf of oneself and others,” Kailash

1/2 (1973): 153-158.

Wayman, Alex, “Aspects of Hindu and Buddhist Tantra,” The Tibet Journal 1/3 (1976): 32-

44.

Westcott, W. Wynn, Numbers: Their Occult Power and Mystic Virtue, Being a Résumé of

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Wilhelm, Hellmut, and Wilhelm, Richard, Understanding the I Ching: The Lectures on the

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Wilkinson, Endymion, Chinese History, a Manual, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1998.

359
Williams, C.A.S, Chinese symbolism and art motifs, Rutland: Charles E. Tuttle Co.,

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Wong, E., The Shambala Guide to Taoism, Boston: Shambala, 1997.

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Yelü Chucai, Xi zheng gengwu yuanli [Yuan Dynasty calendar of the gengwu year (1210)

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Semitic Studies 27:2 (1982), 261-278.

Yule, Henry, Cathay and the way thither: being a collection of medieval notices of China,

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Yuanshi, Song Lian, et al., ed., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1976.

Zürcher, E., The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in

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360
 TRANSCRIPTION

[1v]

degedü¯ medekü-yin nigülesküi usun bari(èid-aèa

sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad

degedü amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(èid

blam-a Manjušari-dur mörgümüi. ünemleküy-yin

qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san-i

uqa(sad bodgalis-dur to(alaqui terigüten

tu(urbil-dur kièiyeküi busu bögetele. (urban

èa(-un uqa(-a edüi bodgalis-dur ina(u[n]ki

terigüten šitün barildaqui üiles keregtü kemen

burqan bodisü[n]g-nar Èa(-un kürdün ba.

Jagr-a sambur-a terigüten kiged Maq-a mayai

Manjušari-aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-

nu(ud-tur nom'la(san ba yirtinèü-deki ¯öng

bilig olu(san Manjušari tngri kiged

arši ba to(-a kiged to(an-u aè'i ür-e-yi

a(ui yeke delgerenggüi ü¯igülbe [=ü¯egülbe]. tabun

oron-i uqa(san bandida Šingq-a sari

ügüler-ün. (anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar

arilu(sad ta kièiyel tu(urbil kereglegdekü

361
TRANSCRIPTION

busu bögesü ber (urban èa(-i uqa(-a inaru

¯ir(alang-<y>i küsebesü egüni kièiyegdeküi kemen

nomla(san-u tulada. (ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa

(urban to(-a kiged-<y>i ari(un takin-a yamparèilan

uqa(ulqui anu. ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen

[2r]

burqan-u nomla(san sudur dand’ris kiged ilang(uy-a

Èa(-un kürdün-dür tabun gara( kiged qamtudquy-yin

¯ir(u(an qubi-dur šitü¯ü ündüsün-ü gešigün-i

nigülesküi gara( ba edür-ün ilegüü duta(uu odun

na(šidar-un kürdün qono(-un (urban ¯üil il(al

terigüten-i medegdekü-yin šitügen teyin böged

arilu(san-u to(-a inu busu sudur-ud-tur

nomla¯uqui. ende amitan-u itegel burqan-u

qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g inü qara Kitad-un

oron-dur to(-a terigüten-i ü¯egülügèi buyu.

Manjušari-yin Kitad-un oron buyu. Enedk[e]g-eèe

orèi(ulu(san Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris-dur

nomlar-un qara Kitad-un to(-a böged tere dotoraèa

(aru(san šastir-tur bertegèin köbegün üiles

362
TRANSCRIPTION

üiledkü bögesü. šineleküi sara alimad inu Kitad-un

šastir-aèa uqa(daqui keme¯üküi. tere ya(un-u tula

kemebesü Kitad-tur qaburun terigün sarayin arbun

tabun-a Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü. tegün-ü

tula Mig sara ebesün-ü ündüsün kökemüi kemegsen ba

Kitad to(alaqui šastir-tur qaburun terigün

sarayin arban (urban-a Baras edür-<y>i kölgelen

ködelge¯ü Modun odun-iyar uduridu(ad. Bus

na(šidar-tu törö¯ügüi. kemen nomla(san-i tayilbasu

Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u nigen

šinede Široi odun-iyar ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar

to(olabasu arban (urban Baras edür Modun

[2v]

odun-lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür

Manjušari bodisü[n]g törögsen bolai. basa Kitad-un

Lii du ting sang neretü sudur-dur Mig sara-yi

qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u šinelekü bolai. tegün-ü

tulada. qutu(tu Manjušari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un

to(oèin-u yosu(ar qaburun terigün Baras sara-yi

Qubi sara bol(a¯u šinelegsen-eèe ekilen to(ola¯u

363
TRANSCRIPTION

arban qoyar sarayin to(-a kiged odun ba na(šidar-un

uèaral naiman ayima( terigüten-ü èi(ulqui qariqui ba.

abqu gegeküy-yin il(al ba. Enedk[e]g-ün yosu(ar arban

qoyar šitün barildaqui to(-a basa edür söni-yin

èa( möèi-yin qubi terigüten-i yirtinèü-tekin-ü

¯obalang-i aril(a¯u amu(ulang ¯ir(alang-i törögülkü-yin

tulada. ari(un gegen-e ¯iruqai-dur tegši ¯okiyabai.

ende nara urbaqui odun terigüten-i Enedk[e]g-ün yosu(ar

ar(-a uqaqui busu bögesü ba Baras Morin Noqai

sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi terigüten Kitad-un

to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai. na(šidar anu burqan-u

nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai.

arban qoyar šitün barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin

ündüsün-eèe Nagajun-a-yin ¯okiya(san yosu(ar ¯okiyabai.

¯il kiged naiman ayima( terigüten (a¯ar usun-u e¯id ba

èi(ulqui qariqui ba. qami(-a sa(uqui terigüten-i

Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai. tegün-ü tula

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqa¯u narin-a ü¯egdeküi buyu.

[3r]

364
TRANSCRIPTION

basa ¯il ur(uquy-yin terigün-dür šinelekü inu Èa(-un

kürdün-dür qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi

¯il-ün terigün bol(a¯u qa(uèin nabèi una(ad

šin-e nabèi èuquyiqui-dur šinelemüi. Ba’jar dagini-yin

ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar

sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür

šinelemüi. Kitad-un to(oèin-u Bus sar-a (a¯ar-un ene

oron ulari(ad to(osun bari¯u Mig sar-a-yi qaburun

terigün sar-a bol(a¯u šinelemüi. yerü Suša( sar-a

terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-un neres-

iyer nereyidkü inu nigen tokiyaldu(san-u tulada.

ene yosu(ar ü¯egdekü. basa to(an-u yosun-

dur qono( tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-<y>i medekü

kereg. tere qono( tasuraqui inu ene ¯il-dür arban

qoyar sara bui. ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui.

¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono(

ügei bui. tegüber ¯ir(u(an qono( tasuramui. nara

emüneši odqui ba. umar-a ¯üg odqui-dur nara

ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende qošiyad qošiyad qono(

tasuramui. tegüni qolidqabasu (urban ¯il-dür nigen

saban sar-a bolumui. Nagajun-a ba(ši terigüten

365
TRANSCRIPTION

merged Èa(-un kürdün terigüten sudur-tur nomla¯uqui.

tegün-dür basa ¯ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu inu

degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun terigün Baras

sar-a-dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e. Taulai sara-dur

(uèin qono(ügey-yin tula-da qorin isün bitegüü

[3v]

bolumui. basa Luu sara-dur (uèin qono( bui

bögetel-e. Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun ügey-yin

tula arban dörben inu arban tabun bolumui. basa

Morin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e Qonin

sara-dur (uèin qono(ügey-yin tulada. uriduèilan

buyu. basa Beèin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e

Takiy-a sara-dur arban tabunügey-yin tulada. uriduèilan

buyu. basa Noqai sara-dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e

'aqai sara-dur (uèinügey-yin tulada. uriduèilan buyu

basa Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e

Üker sara-dur arban tabunügey-yin tulada buyu kemen

ügülemüi. basa Dülb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(èin kiged

usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal inu tabun

¯üil bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui. kememüi.

366
TRANSCRIPTION

Nagajuna-yin ta(alal inu qono( tasura(san ¯ir(u(an

sar-a-yi šin-e-dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu qa(uèin-dur

tasuraqu tegünü belge inu nigen nidün-iyer ü¯ebesü

ene edür-ün (ada(adu na(šidar inu sar-a-u urida

önggereged mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(šidar inu

tasuraqu bolbasu tere edür qono( tasura(san-i

uqa(daqui. tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i

il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi. basa nara emüneši odqui ba.

umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( tasuraqui anu

ilede qono( tasuraqu busu bögetel-e nara oron-

ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui. tegüni

qošiyad qošiyad qono(-un odun na(šidar-<y>i

[4r]

to(alaqu ügey-yin tulada. qono( tasuramui kememüi.

saban sara-yi adalidqabasu Qulu(an-a ¯il-dür

qaburun dumdadu sara qoyar. Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u

dumdadu sar-a qoyar. Morin ¯il-dür namurun dumdadu

sara qoyar. Takiy-a ¯il-dür ebülün dumdadu

sara qoyar. tede basa saban sara-dur odun na(šidar

ü¯eküi bui bögesü mön tere sara-yi qoyar ta

367
TRANSCRIPTION

ü¯egdeküi buyu. teyin ese ü¯ebesü qono( tasura(san

kiged saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu

sayin ma(u aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü. kemen

Nagajuna ba(ši nomlaba. saban sara-yi adalidqabasu

basa eden-i sudulju bügüde-yin to(alal nigen yosutu

bol(an ü¯ebesü qono( tasuraqui nigen ¯üg-iyer

ülü bol(an kièiyen ü¯egdeküi. ¯arim sar-a-dur

urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui. ¯arim

sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui.

tegüber sara degürküi bara(daquy-yi medegdeküi. öber

öber nidün-iyer na(šidar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-

duquy-yi sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi basa egüni ¯arli(

nom kiged Nagajuna terigüten degedü merged-ün

ta(alal inu busu buyu kemebesü. èöb-ün èa(tur

nara sara mör tögerekü kiged ¯il sara möèi-yin

a(ur ¯okiramui kemen sudur-tur nomla(san-u

tulada bolai. (urban ¯il-dür nigen saban sar-a

bolqu anu olan sudur-un ta(alal inu nigen

bolu(san bolai. yerü ede to(-a to(alaqui inu

[4v]

368
TRANSCRIPTION

endegürelügegüy-e qono( tasura(san-i medeküi

kereg. tegüni medeküi-dür nidün-iyen odun na(šidar-i

nasuda šin¯ileküi kereg tegün-dür basa sar-a-yi ali

na(šidar inu ekilekü degürkü ba. bara(daqui

medekü kereg. tegüni medeküi-dür sar-a-yin to(-a

medeküi kereg buyu. basa tende aliba odun na(šidar-<y>i

endegüre¯ü ese medebesü ba. o(tar(uy-yi egülen

bürkü¯ü odun na(šidar-i ülü medekü bögesü

tegüni medeküi ar(-a inu mana(ar erte bosu(ad

(ar ni(ur-iyan ugiya¯u šin-e debel emüsèü

süsüg sedkil egüske¯ü aliba ta(alaqui ¯üg

(ada(ši odbasu belge inu tere edür Modun

odun bögesü tarnièi kümün ba. emèi otaèi

kümün ba. ese bögesü keger-e moritu kümün-dür

¯ol(oqu. Naran odun bögesü aq-a yeke kümün ba

èa(an mori unu(san ba èa(an debel emüsügsen ba

èa(an noqai kötelügsen ba egeèi kümün-dür

¯ol(oqu. 'al odun bögesü ¯egerde qal¯an

morin unu(san ba. bombo kümün ba ula(an debeltü

kümün ba ese bögesü degerem qula(ayièi ba

keregür bara(ur-tur ¯ol(oqu. Široi odun

369
TRANSCRIPTION

bögesü toyin kümün ba qong(or morin unu(san ba

qonin ada(ula(san ba èai èina(san ba

qoyar yaba(an üker unu(sun ba. ese bögesü

ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge ba nidün-dü gem-dü

kümün-dü ¯ol(aqui. Altan odun bögesü

[5r]

noyan kümün ba nigültü kümün ba. dooridu ma(u

kümün ba. ese bögesü köke boro mori unu(san

ba. qudalduèin-lu(-a ¯ol(aqu. Sara odun bögesü

bombo kümün ba qara kümün ba. ese bögesü qara

morin unu(san ba. usu egürügsen kümün-lüge

¯ol(aqu. Usun odun bögesü üker unu(san ba.

qara morin unu(san. ba menekii metü qara kümün ba

ese bögesü qara ya(um-a bari(san em-e kümün-dür

¯ol(aqu. ede belges-lu(-a [=belges-lüge] tokiyaldu(ul¯u

edür-ün odun-i medekü bolai. edür-ün odu-yi

medebesü na(šidar-<y>i tegüber medekü bolai.

basa èa(-un il(al-<y>i medesügei kemebesü nigen

gšan-aèa ekile¯ü edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u

to(alaqui inu eng terigün gšan kiged nige

370
TRANSCRIPTION

da(un kemekü qoyar ¯üil buyu. eng terigün gšan

kemebesü mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-

iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu.

tegün-lu(-a [=tegün-lüge] nigen da(un (arqui inu saèu(u-yin

tula. nigen da(un (arumui. tegüber ¯iran

da(un nigen möèe. (uèin möèi nigen qubi

(uèin qubi nigen qono(. (uèin qono(

nigen sar-a. arban qoyar sar-a nigen ¯il. tegün-

eèe qolidqa¯u üligsen-i [=ülegsen-i] saban sara

bolumui. basa dusul-iyar to(alaqui kemebesü

bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki-yi

to(ala¯u (urban ¯a(un ¯iran bol(abasu nigen

[5v]

dusul bolumui. tere kemebesü tngri-nerün

nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a saèu(uu bolumui.

qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui. qubi

to(alaqui-dur ¯ir(u(an amisqaquy-i nigen

möèe ¯iran möèi nigen qubi nigen qubi-dur

nigen dusul qoyar qubi nigen tedüiken kememüi.

¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui.

371
TRANSCRIPTION

(uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui.

qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui

ebülün dumdadu sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-aèa

ekilen to(ala¯u ¯ir(u(an sar-a böged ¯ir(u(an

qono( bolbasu nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg

urba¯u nara urba(san-aèa (urban sar-a bolu(ad

edür söni saèu(uu bolumui. edür arban tabun

tedüiken qubi. söni arban tabun tedüiken

qubi. edür söni-yin a(ur inu ¯ir(u(an

tedüiken qubi bolumui. edür söni qoyar-<y>i

ulam ne¯iged ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü ba.

ba(uraqu-bar edür söni inu urtu ba oqor

bolumui. tegüber urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu

inu möèi-ber qubiya¯u qubi bol(an edür

¯ir(u(an èa( söni ¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u

urbalügegüy-e to(ala(daqui. nara emüneši

odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu

nigen ¯il bolumui. basa nigen ¯üil dolo(an qubi-du

modun-iyar èa(-<y>i iledte medeküi inu.

[6r]

372
TRANSCRIPTION

nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara

bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an qubitu

modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu

¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui. tegün-eèe ni¯iged ni¯iged

gertür yegüdkü edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi

següder (arumui. tende-eèe nara umar-a ¯üg

odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür

düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui.

tegünèe ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkeküi-dür ni¯iged

ni¯iged qubi següder neme¯ü ¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür

kürbesü nigen ¯il bolumui. tegüber qoyar deb-dür edür

söni saèu(uu bolu(san tere èa(-tur qoyar deb-dür

edür söni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui. qabur namarun

a(ur basa tegünèilen bolumui. dolo(an qubi-du modun-

iyar èa(-<y>i medegdeküi tegüsbe.

basa nigen qono(-i ¯a(un möèi bol(an to(alaquy-yin

yosun inu nigen edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu.

egüni arban qoyar èa(tur qubiya¯u amui. nigen èa(tur

naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui. arban

qubi bolbasu nigen möèi bui. arban adqu bolbasu nigen

373
TRANSCRIPTION

qubi bui. tegüber tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben a(ur

èa(-i quriya¯u amui. basa düng¯i bolbasu ebülün

nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe qoyin-a edür ulam urtudumui.

èün ¯un bolbasu Qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng šiu

¯un bolbasu Naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer

[6v]

bayiqu šaji bolbasu ¯un-u nara bayiqu egün-eèe qoyin-a [šöni]

ulam urtuddumui. basa Qulu(an-a èa(-un uridu dörben

möèe mön edür-dür (ada(adu bui. qoyitu dörben möèi

mana(ar-un edür-dü (ada(adu bui. nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e

arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge ese

tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui. tanibasu edür-dür

(ada(adu bui. nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e

(a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui.

ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui. basa kedber

merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesügei kemebesü

egüni narin-a ü¯egdeküi. (urban ¯a(un ¯iran ¯ir(u(an

edür-i nigen on bol(a¯u bui bülüge. edüged-ün nigen

on (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bol(a¯u to(alabasu

¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi. basa arban qoyar sar-a-yi

374
TRANSCRIPTION

¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u to(alabasu

basa ¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi. (urban on-dur (uèin

¯ir(u(an edür bolumui. (uèin edür-<y>i inü nigen

saban sara bol(abasu ¯ir(u(an edür inu ülemui.

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür-dü uridu

üligsen [=ülegsen] ¯ir(u(an edür-<y>i nigedbesü nigen

saban sara bolumui. saban sara-yi oroši(ulqui

ar(-a kemebesü önggeregsen döèin dolo(an-u on-u

aliba sara saban bögesü tere sara edüge irekü on-u

saban sarayin qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui. döèin dolo(an

on-du saban ügei bögesü uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i tegši

ü¯egdeküi. aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur

[7r]

ügei bögesü tere saban sara bolumui. ene

saban ekilegsen ¯il tokiyaldumui. sabanügey-

eèe bolbasu qarši ¯il tokiyaldumui. önggeregsen

isün on-u qa(uèin sarayin arban tabun edüge

ene on-u Qubi sarayin nigen šinide

tokiyaldumui. saras-un yeke öèüken-i irekü

bögesü mön egün-eèe eregdeküi.

375
TRANSCRIPTION

ene on ¯uu [=yuu] sui. qoyitu on

li èun. tegün-dür ba ¯a ¯i

kemekü-eèe ali ¯il tus bolbasu

ülü yegüdken Qulu(an-a-aèa

terigülen ali ¯il bögesü

qoyitu qoyar ¯il qaburun

ekin bolumui.

[7v]

¯a yii [=¯i] yile ii geng yile bing šin yile ding šim yile uu güi yile
bing baras uu baras ging baras šim baras ¯a baras
sara sara sara sara sara
ding taulai gii taulai šin taulai güi taulai ii taulai
sara sara sara sara sara
uu luu ging luu šim luu ¯a luu bing luu
sara sara sara sara sara
gi mo(ai šin mo(ai güi mo(ai ii mo(ai ding mo(ai
sara sara sara sara sara
ging morin šim morin ¯a morin bing morin uu morin
sara sara sara sara sara
šin qonin güi qonin ii qonin ding qonin gii qonin
sara sara sara sara sara
šim beèin ¯a beèin bing beèin uu beèin ging beèin
sara sara sara sara sara
güi takiy-a ii takiy-a ding takiy-a gi takiy-a šin takiy-a
sara sara sara sara sara

376
TRANSCRIPTION

¯a noqai bing noqai uu noqai ging noqai šim noqai

sara sara sara sara sara
ii (aqai ding (aqai gi (aqai šin (aqai güi (aqai
sara sara sara sara sara
bing qulu(an-a uu qulu(an-a ging qulu(an-a šim qulu(an-a ¯a qulu(an-a
sara sara sara sara sara
ding üker gi üker šin üker güi üker ii üker
sara sara sara sara sara
arban qoyar sarayin öngge medekü kürdün ene bui.

¯a gi [=¯i] edür ii geng edür bing šin edür ding šim edür uu güi edür
ding taulai gi taulai šin taulai güi taulai ii taulai
èa( èa( èa( èa( èa(
uu luu ging luu šim luu ¯a luu bing luu
èa( èa( èa( èa( èa(
gi mo(ai šin mo(ai güi mo(ai ii mo(ai ding mo(ai
èa( èa( èa( èa( èa(
ging morin šim morin ¯a morin bing morin uu morin
èa( èa( èa( èa( èa(
šin qonin güi qonin ii qonin ding qonin gi qonin
èa( èa( èa( èa( èa(
šim beèin ¯a beèin bing beèin uu beèin ging beèin
èa( èa( èa( èa( èa(
güi takiy-a ii takiy-a ding takiy-a gi takiy-a šin takiy-a
èa( èa( èa( èa( èa(
¯a noqai bing noqai uu noqai ging noqai šim noqai
èa( èa( èa( èa( èa(
ii (aqai ding (aqai gii (aqai šin (aqai güi (aqai
èa( èa( èa( èa( èa(
bing qulu(an-a uu qulu(an-a ging qulu(an-a šim qulu(an-a ¯a qulu(an-a
èa( èa( èa( èa( èa(

377
TRANSCRIPTION

ding üker gi üker šin üker güi üker ii üker

èa( èa( èa( èa( èa(
uu baras ging baras šim baras ¯a baras bing baras
èa( èa( èa( èa( èa(

[8r]

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün eèüs Mig sara.

tariyaèin-dur qaburun dumdadu sara. qara Kitad-un

to(aèin-dur qaburun terigün sara. Töbed-dür Baras

sara. Mong(ol-tur Qubi sara kememü. Baras sara mön-ü

tula belge inu baras ¯ul¯a(alamui. o(tar(ui-dur Mig

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü. (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u

a(ur öèüken oromui. ¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-a

dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi. ene sara kemebesü

burqan šim[n]us kiged ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u

yeke riddi qubil(an ü¯egülügsen buyan-tu sara bolai.

nara Qumqan-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-

teki darasun amtatu bolumui. edür qorin ¯ir(u(an

qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi. arban tabun-a luus-un

qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui. usun-u dotor-a

¯i(asun güimüi. salkin-u èa( ekilemüi. qong keriy-e

egür-iyen ¯asamui. qorin dörben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad

tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemüi.

378
TRANSCRIPTION

amin saki(ulsun doron-a emün-e. ¯oliy-a mör örön-e

yeke tngri doron-a. šitügen eke Takiy-a (a¯ar-a

qo(osun qumq-a örön-e bui. Qubi sara oron-a

sa(ubasu èola ögbesü qutu( oroši(ulbasu

takil ögbesü sayin. tayisui emün-e. janggün doron-a

Luu edür (okimui. Mo(ai edür ¯obalang-un tngri yabumui.

Qulu(an-a edür tngri-yin (al. Mo(ai edür ülü sedükü ula(an ša¯a(ai.

Baras modun erlig. Üker ükülün e¯en Noqai (a¯ar-un (al.

[8v]

nigen šin-e Široi odun
küèün tegüs Tanista baras
mungqa( yilig doron-a
qoyar šin-e Naran küèün
tegüs Sadabis taulai
üiledküi yilig emün-e
(urban šin-e Saran odun
ba(uram Burvabadaribad
luu medeküi yilig doron-a
dörben šin-e 'al odun
meküs Udaribadaribad
mo(ai öngge ni(ur yilig
doron-a.
tabun šin-e Usun odun
ba(uram Rivad’i morin
¯ir(u(an orod umar-a.
arban nigen 'al odun
meküs Ardar qulu(an-a
töröküi doron-a
arban qoyar Usun odun
ba(uram Burnavasu üker
ötelküi üküküi emün-e
arban (urban Modun odun
ebderekü Bus baras
mungqa( umar-a
arban dörben Altan odun
tegüs Asli( taulai üiledküi
doron-a
arban tabun Široi odun
tegüs Mig luu medeküi
umar-a
qorin nigen Altan odun
tegüs Suša( noqai abqui
umar-a
qorin qoyar Široi odun
tegüs Anurad (aqai bolqui
emün-e
qorin (urban Naran odun
meküs Èista qulu(an-a
töröküi umar-a
qorin dörben Saran odun
ba(uram Mul üker ötelküi
üküküi örön-e
qorin tabun 'al odun
meküs Burvasad baras
mungqa( doron-a

379
TRANSCRIPTION

¯ir(u(an šin-e Modun
odun ebderekü Ašivani
qonin kürteküi emün-e
dolo(an šin-e Altan odun
tegüs Barani beèin sereküi
umar-a
naiman šin-e Široi odun
tegüs Kerteg takiy-a
qurièaqui umar-a
isün šin-e Naran odun
meküs Rôkini noqai abqui
doron-a
arban šin-e Saran odun
ba(uram Margišar (aqai
bolqui doron-a
arban ¯ir(u(an Naran odun qorin ¯ir(u(an Usun
meküs Burvabalguni ba(uram Udarisad taulai
mo(ai ner-e öngge örön-e üiledküi emün-e
arban dolo(an Saran odun qorin dolo(an Modun
ba(uram Udaribalguni odun ebderekü Abiji luu
morin ¯ir(u(an orod medeküi umar-a doron-a
doron-a
arban naiman 'al odun qorin naiman Altan odun
meküs Qasta qonin tegüs Širvang mo(ai ner-e
kürteküi emün-e öngge umar-a
arban isün Usun odun qorin isün Široi odun tegüs
ba(uram Jayitari beèin Tanista morin jir(u(an
sereküi umar-a doron-a orod örön-e
qorin-a Modun odun (uèin-a Naran odun meküs
ebderekü Suvadi takiy-a Sadabis qonin kürteküi
qurièaqui emün-e örön-e.

[9r]

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür qaburun terigün Udaribalguni

sara. tariyaèin-dur qaburun eèüs sara. qara Kitad-un

to(aèin-dur qaburun dumdadu sara. Töbed-dür Taulai

sara. Mong(ol-dur Qoyar sara. Taulai sara mön-ü tula

belge inu modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü

ide¯ü èaddu(ad qošiyalamui o(tar(ui-tur

Udaribalguni na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü (a¯ar-tur

dula(an-u a(ur oromui. (a¯ar usun èöm gesümüi

380
TRANSCRIPTION

¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] eliy-e šiba(un qošiyalamui. qong keriy-e ugiyaqui

èisun oromui. naran ®i(asun-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula

usun-dur qamu( ¯i(asun güimüi. edür qorin naiman qubi

söni (uèin qoyar qubi. qorin nigen-e ür-e tariyan-u

sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemüi. amin-u saki(ulsun doron-a.

¯oli(-a mör örön-e umar-a. yeke tngri emün-e.

qo(osun qumqa šitügen-ü eke Üker (a¯ar-a

qoyar sarada qudaldu keyibesü èerig mordobasu

busud-i ar(adabasu sayin. tayisui emün-e

Janggün doron-a Üker edür (okimui. Baras edür

¯obalang-un tngri yabumui. Taulai edür tngri-yin (al.

Takiy-a edür ülü sedükü. Takiy-a edür ula(an

ša¯a(ai. Mo(ai modun erlig. noqai ükülün e¯in.

Takiy-a (a¯ar-un (al. Luu sarayin (al.

[9v]

nigen šin-e Saran odun
tegüs Burvabadaribad
beèin sereküi yilig emün-e
qoyar šin-e 'al odun
ba(uram Udaribadaribad
takiy-a quraèaqui yilig
doron-a
arban nigen Modun odun qorin nigen Naran odun
tegüs Bus morin ¯ir(u(an Èista luu medeküi doron-a
orod örön-e
arban qoyar Altan odun qorin qoyar Saran odun
meküs Asli( qonin tegüs Mul mo(ai ner-e
kürteküi örön-e. öngge örön-e umar-a

381
TRANSCRIPTION
(urban šin-e Usun odun
tegüs Rivadi noqai abqui
jilig
doron-a
dörben šin-e Modun odun
tegüs Ašivani (aqai bolqui
yilig örön-e
tabun šin-e Altan odun
meküs Barani qulu(an-a
töröküi örön-e
¯ir(u(an šin-e Široi odun
ebderekü Kerteg üker
ötelküi üküküi örön-e
dolo(an šin-e Naran odun
ba(uram Rôkini baras
mungqa( doron-a
naiman šin-e Saran odun
tegüs Margišar taulai
üiledküi
doron-a
isün šin-e 'al odun
ba(uram Ardar luu
medeküi emün-e
arban šin-e Usun odun
tegüs Burnavasu mo(ai
ner-e öngge örön-e
[10r]
Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür qaburun dumdadu Jayitari
sara. tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u terigün sara. qara Kitad-un
arban (urban Široi odun qorin (urban 'al odun
ebderekü Mig beèin serküi ba(uram Burvasad morin
doron-a ¯ir(u(an orod örön-e
arban dörben Naran odun qorin dörben Usun odun
ba(uram Burvabalguni tegüs Udarisad qonin
takiy-a qurièaqui emün-e kürteküi umara.
arban tabun Saran odun qorin tabun Modun odun
tegüs Udaribalguni noqai tegüs Abiji beèin sereküi
abqui umar-a emün-e
arban ¯ir(u(an 'al odun qorin ¯ir(u(an Altan odun
ba(uram Qasta (aqai meküs Širvan takiy-a
bolqui. umar-a qurièaqui örön-e
arban dolo(an usun [odun] qorin dolo(an Široi odun
meküs Jayitari qulu(an-a ebderekü Tanista noqai
töröküi emün-e. abqui emün-e
arban naiman Modun odun qorin naiman Naran odun
tegüs Suvadi üker ötelküi ba(uram Sadabis (aqai
üküküi örön-e bolqui umar-a
arban isün Altan odun qorin isün Saran odun
meküs Šuša( baras tegüs Burvabadaribad
mungqa( doron-a. qulu(an-a töröküi doron-a
qorin-a Široi odun ebderkü (uèin-a 'al odun ba(uram
Anurad taulai üiledküi Udaribadaribad üker
örön-e ötelküi üküküi doron-a
emün-e
382
TRANSCRIPTION

to(aèin-dur qaburun eèüs sara. Töbed-dür Luu sara.

Mong(ol-tur 'urban sara. Luu sara mön-ü tula.

belge inu a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui.

o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü

(a¯ar-dur dula(an-u tegši oromui. ¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a]

qamu( šiba(ud iremüi. ene sara-yi Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür

¯il-ün terigün bol(an šinelemüi. arbun tabun-a Èa(-un kürdün-ü

abišig talbi(san sayin èa( bui. nara Qonin-u gertür oro(san-u

tula Qonin èa(-iyar qura(alamui. edür söni qubi saèu(u

bolumui. tariyan-u köröngge (a¯ar oroba kememüi. arban isün-e

buuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemüi. amin-u saki(ulsun örön-e

emün-e. ¯oliy-a mör doron-a umar-a. yeke tngri örön-e.

qo(osun qumq-a doron-a. šitügen-ü eke Mo(ai (a¯ar-a. (urban

sarada tariyan tariyalabasu quda anda bolbasu (al mandal

tülebesü qudaldubasu sayin bui. tayisui emün-e Janggün

doron-a. noqai edür (okimui. 'aqai edür ¯obalang-un

tngri yabumui. Morin edür tngri-yin (al ba(umui

Üker edür ülü sedükü. Üker edür ula(an ša¯a(ai.

Beèin modun erlig. Qoni. ükülün e¯in. Beèin (a¯arun

(al Taulai sarayin (al.

383
TRANSCRIPTION

[10v]

nigen šin-e 'al odun tegüs arban nigen Altan odun
Ašivani baras mungqa( ba(uram Burvabalguni
örön-e qulu(an-a töröküi örön-e
emün-e
qoyar šin-e Usun odun arban qoyar Široi odun
ebderekü Barani taulai meküs Udaribalguni üker
üiledküi. örön-e umar-a ötelküi üküküi umara
(urban šin-e Modun odun arban (urban Naran odun
meküs Kerteg luu örön-e tegüs Qasta baras
umar-a mungqa( emün-e
dörben šin-e Altan odun arban dörben Saran odun
ba(uram Rôkini mo(ai ebderekü Jayitari taulai
ner-e öngge umara üiledküi umara
tabun šin-e Široi odun arban tabun 'al odun tegüs
tegüs Margišar morin Suvadi luu medeküi
¯ir(u(an orod emün-e doron-a
¯ir(u(an šin-e Naran odun arban ¯ir(u(an Usun odun
tegüs Ardar qonin kürteküi ebderekü Šuša( mo(ai
umar-a doron-a ner-e öngge doron-a
dolo(an šin-e Saran odun arban dolo(an Modun
tegüs Burnavasu beèin odun tegüs Anurad morin
s(e)reküi ¯ir(u(an orod örön-e
örön-e umara umara.
naiman šin-e 'al odun arban naiman Altan odun
tegüs Bus takiy-a ba(uram qonin Èista
quraèaqui örön-e umara kürteküi umara
isün šin-e Usun odun arban isün Široi odun tegüs
ebderekü Asli( noqai Mul beèin sereküi doron-a
abqui umara doron-a emün-e
qorin nigen Saran odun
ebderekü Udarisad noqai
abqui emün-e
qorin qoyar 'al odun tegüs
Abiji (aqai bolqui umara
doron-a
qorin (urban Usun odun
ebderekü Širvan qulu(an-a
töröküi doron-a emün-e
ene erdeni busu
qorin dörben Modun odun
meküs Tanista üker ötelküi
üküküi doron-a
qorin tabun Altan odun
ba(uram Sadabis baras
mungqa( örön-e
qorin ¯ir(u(an Široi odun
tegüs Burvabadaribad
taulai üiledküi umara
qorin dolo(an Naran odun
tegüs Udaribadaribad luu
medeküi örön-e
qorin naiman Saran odun
tegüs Rivadi mo(ai ner-e
öngge emün-e
qorin isün 'al odun tegüs
Ašivani morin ¯ir(u(an
orod emün-e

384
TRANSCRIPTION

arban šin-e Modun odun qorin-a Naran odun tegüs (uèin-a Usun odun
küèün tegüs Mig (aqai Burvasad takiy-a quraèaqui ebderekü Barani qonin
bolqui umara umara kürteküi örön-e

[11r]

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdün-dür qaburun eèüs Šuša( sara.

tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a. qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur

¯un-u terigün sar-a Töbed-dür Mo(ai sar-a Mong(ol-dur.

Dörben sar-a. Mo(ai sara mön-ü tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nüken-dür

orkimui. o(tar(ui-dur Šuša( na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü.

(a¯ar-tur èakirma(-un èièig delgeremüi. ¯a(ur-a kökeg[e]

šiba(un dong(oddumui. ene sarada tu(ulu(san burqan-u

qutu(-i olu(san sayin èa( bui. nara Üker-ün ger-dür

oro(san-u tula üker qurièaqui sar-a bui. edür (uèin

qoyar qubi. söni qorin naiman qubi qorin isün-e

üsken qur-a oromui. öèüken ¯i(asun qošiyalamui. dolo(an

šinede qur-a ese orobasu ula(an salkin bolumui. amin-u

saki(ulsun örön-e umar-a. ¯oliy-a mör doron-a. yeke

tngri umar-a. qo(osun qumq-a emün-e. šitügen-ü eke Baras

(a¯ar-a. Dörben sarada erdem sur(abasu em neyilegülbesü

bišil(abasu abišig abubasu sayin bui. tayisui

385
TRANSCRIPTION

örön-e. Janggün emün-e. Qonin edür (okimui. Beèin

edür ¯obalang tngri yabumui. Takiy-a edür tngri-yin

(al ba(umui. Beèin edür ülü sedükü. Mo(ai

edür ula(an ša¯a(ai. bui 'aqai modun erlig.

Luu ükülün e¯in. Qoni (a¯ar-un (al Baras sarayin

(al

[11v]

nigen šin-e Modun odun arban nigen Naran odun qorin nigen Usun odun
küèün tegüs Kerteg beèin tegüs Qasta morin meküs [Širvan] šara luu
sereküi umara ¯ir(u(an orod örön-e medeküi emün-e örön-e
umara
qoyar šin-e Altan odun arban qoyar Saran odun qorin qoyar Modun odun
ebderekü Rôkini takiy-a meküs Jayitari qonin tegüs Tanis mo(ai ner-e
quraèaqui doron-a kürteküi emün-e öngge doron-a emün-e
(urban šin-e Široi odun arban (urban 'al odun qorin (urban Altan odun
ba(uram Margišar noqai tegüs Suvadi beèin sereküi ebderekü Sadabis morin
abqui emün-e doron-a ¯ir(u(an orod emün-e
örön-e
dörben šin-e Naran odun arban dörben Usun odun qorin dörben Široi odun
tegüs Ardar (aqai bolqui meküs Šuša( takiy-a ba(uram Burvabadaribad
doron-a quraèaqui örön-e qonin kürteküi emün-e
tabun šin-e Saran odun arban tabun Modun odun qorin tabun Naran odun
meküs Burnavasu tegüs Anurad noqai abqui tegüs Udaribadaribad beèin
qulu(an-a töröküi emün-e örön-e sereküi umar-a
¯ir(u(an šin-e 'al odun arban ¯ir(u(an Altan odun qorin ¯ir(u(an Saran odun
tegüs Bus üker ötelküi ebderekü Èista (aqai tegüs Rivad’i takiy-a
üküküi örön-e bolqui doron-a quraèaqui umar-a doron-a

386
TRANSCRIPTION

dolo(an šin-e Usun odun
meküs Asli( baras
mungqa( örön-e emün-e
naiman šin-e Modun odun
tegüs Mig taulai üiledküi
emün-e
isün šin-e Altan odun
ebderekü Burvabalguni luu
medeküi umar-a
arban šin-e Široi odun
ba(uram Udaribalguni
mo(ai ner-e öngge
örön-e emün-e.
arban dolo(an Široi odun
ba(uram Mul qulu(an-a
töröküi örön-e umara
arban naiman Naran odun
tegüs Burvasad üker
ötelküi üküküi örön-e
emün-e
arban isün Saran odun
meküs Udarisad baras
mungqa( umara
qorin-a 'al odun tegüs
Abiji taulai üiledküi umara
qorin dolo(an 'al odun
tegüs Ašivani noqai abqui
örön-e umara
qorin naiman Usun odun
meküs Barani (aqai bolqui
umar-a doron-a
qorin isün Modun odun
tegüs Kerteg qulu(an-a
töröküi örön-e
(uèin-a Altan odun
ebderekü Rôkini üker
ötelküi üküküi doron-a

[12r]

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u terigün Èista sar-a

tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u eèüs sara. qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur

¯un-u dumdadu sar-a Mong(ol Tabun sara. Töbed-dür Morin

sara. Morin sara mön-ü tula. belge inu morin qulan

terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün güièimüi. o(tar(ui-dur

Èista na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü. (a¯ar-tur qamu(

nabèi ündüsün ur(umui. ¯a(ur-a salbarun ¯ul¯a(an

degde¯ü nisümüi. bu(u-yin eber ur(umui. naran

Qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula. yirtinèü-yin

qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi. edür (uèin

dörben qubi. söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi. tariyaèin-u

387
TRANSCRIPTION

ebesü tegüküi èa(. šinein dolo(an qorin isün-e qur-a

ese orobasu (ang bolqu ¯un-u naran bayiqu èa( bui.

amin saki(ulsun doron-a emün-e. ¯oliy-a mör örön-e

emün-e. qo(osun qumqa örön-e. yeke tngri doron-a

šitügen-ü eke morin (a¯ar-a taban sara-dur kögerge

talbibasu ong(oèa oro(ulbasu tata(al usun

tatabasu erümel erübesü sayin bui. tayisui örön-e

Janggün emün-e. Taulai-dur (okimui. Mo(ai edür

¯obalang-un tngri yabumui. Qulu(an-a edür tngri-yin

(al ba(umui. Qulu(an-a edür ülü sedükü. Takiy-a

edür ula(an ša¯a(ai bui. Taulai modun erlig.

Üker ükülün e¯in. Mori (a¯arun (al. Üker sarayin

(al.

[12v]

nigen šin-e Široi odun
küèün tegüs Margišar baras
mungqa( yilig doron-a
qoyar šin-e Naran odun
meküs Ardar taulai
üiledküi emün-e
arban nigen 'al odun qorin nigen Altan odun
meküs Suvad’i qulu(an-a tegüs Sadabis noqai abqui
töröküi doron-a umara
arban qoyar Usun odun qorin qoyar Široi odun
ba(uram Šuša( üker tegüs Burvabadaribad
ötelküi üküküi (aqai bolqui doron-a
emün-e

388
TRANSCRIPTION

(urban šin-e Saran odun arban (urban Modun odun qorin (urban Naran odun
ba(uram Burnavasu luu ebderekü Anurad baras meküs Udaribadaribad
medeküi örön-e mungqa( umara qulu(an-a töröküi doron-a
dörben šin-e 'al odun arban dörben Altan odun qorin dörben Saran odun
tegüs Bus mo(ai ner-e Èista taulai üiledküi emün- ba(uram Rivadi üker
öngge emün-e e ötelküi üküküi örön-e
tabun šini Usun odun arban tabun Široi odun qorin tabun 'al odun
ba(uram Aslig morin tegüs Mul luu medeküi meküs Ašivani baras
¯ir(u(an orod örön-e mungqa( emün-e
emün-e
¯ir(u(an šin-e Modun arban ¯ir(u(an Naran odun qorin ¯ir(u(an Usun odun
odun ebderekü Mig qonin tegüs Burvasad mo(ai ner- ba(uram Barani taulai
kürteküi emün-e e öngge örön-e umar-a üiledküi emün-e
dolo(an šin-e Altan odun arban dolo(an Saran odun qorin dolo(an Modun
ba(uram Burvabalguni ba(uram Udarisad morin odun ebderekü Kerteg luu
beèin sereküi emün-e ¯ir(u(an orod umar-a medeküi umara doron-a
doron-a
naiman šin-e Široi odun arban naiman 'al odun qorin naiman Altan odun
tegüs Udaribalguni takiy-a meküs Abiji qonin tegüs Rôkini mo(ai ner-e
quraèaqui doron-a kürteküi emün-e öngge emün-e
isün šin-e Naran odun arban isün Usun odun qorin isün Široi odun tegüs
tegüs Qasta noqai abqui ba(uram Širvang beèin Margišar morin ¯ir(u(an
doron-a sereküi umara doron-a orod emün-e
arban šin-e Saran odun qorin-a Modun odun (uèin-a Naran odun tegüs
ba(uram Jayitari (aqai ebderekü Tanista takiy-a Ardar qonin kürteküi örön-
bolqui doron-a emün-e quraèaqui e umara
emün-e

[13r]

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a. tariyaèin-

tur namurun terigün sara. qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u

eèüs sara. Töbed-dür Qonin sara. Mong(ol-dur ®ir(u(an

389
TRANSCRIPTION

sara. Qonin sara mön-ü tula. belge inu qonin èaddu(ad

tar(u güièiyü o(tar(ui-dur Burvasad na(šidar-iyar

ör geyimü. (a¯ar-dur qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad

lungru neretü èièig delgeremüi. ¯a(ur-a kir(a(ul šiba(un

¯ul¯a(lamui. alim-a güilesü terigüten ¯imis ur(umui

üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi. egüni dörben

šini-eèe arban tabun kürtel-e ünen nom-un kürdün-i orèi(ulu(san

buyan-du sayin èa( bui. Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gertür naran oro(san-u

tula yirtinèü-dür meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui. edür

(uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi. söni qorin dörben qubi.

(urban šin-e qorin ¯ir(u(an qur-a ese orobasu tariyaèin-

dur ma(u. amin saki(ulsun doron-a. ¯oliy-a mör

örön-e umar-a. yeke tngri emün-e qo(osun qumq-a umar-a

šitügen-ü eke noqai (a¯ar-a. ¯ir(u(an sarada erkedür

oro(ulqui keèiyeküi üiles kiged abišig abubasu

sayin bui. tayisui örön-e Janggün emün-e. Qulu(an-a

edür (okimui. Baras edür ¯obalang-un tngri yabumui.

Taulai edür tngri-yin (al. Luu edür ülü sedükü

üker ula(an ša¯a(ai bui. Qulu(an-a modun erlig.

noqai ükülün e¯in. Mo(ai [(a¯ar-un] (al. Qulu(an-a sarayin (al.

390
TRANSCRIPTION

[13v]

nigen šin-e Saran odun arban nigen Modun odun qorin nigen Naran odun
tegüs Bus beèin sereküi tegüs Èista morin ¯ir(u(an ba(uram luu medeküi
yilig emün-e orod doron-a umar-a doron-a
qoyar šin-e 'al odun arban qoyar Altan odun qorin qoyar Saran odun
ba(uram Asli( takiy-a meküs Mul qonin kürteküi tegüs Ašivani mo(ai ner-e
quraèaqui örön-e emün-e öngge
örön-e
(urban šin-e Usun odun arban (urban Široi odun qorin (urban 'al odun
tegüs Mig noqai abqui ebderekü Burvasad beèin ba(uram Barani morin
doron-a sereküi doron-a ¯ir(u(an orod umara
doron-a
dörben šin-e Modun odun arban dörben Naran odun qorin dörben Usun odun
meküs Burvabalguni (aqai ba(uram Udarisad takiy-a tegüs Kerteg qonin
bolqui quraèaqui umara kürteküi umar-a
örön-e
tabun šin-e Altan odun arban tabun Saran odun qorin tabun Modun odun
meküs Udaribalguni tegüs Abiji noqai abqui tegüs Rôkini beèin sereküi
qulu(an-a töröküi örön-e doron-a emün-e
¯ir(u(an šin-e Široi odun arban ¯ir(u(an 'al odun qorin ¯ir(u(an Altan odun
ebderekü Qasta [üker] ba(uram Širvan (aqai meküs Margišar takiy-a
ötelküi üküküi bolqui umara qurièaqui umara
örön-e
dolo(an šin-e Naran odun arban dolo(an Usun odun qorin dolo(an Široi odun
ba(uram Jayitari baras tegüs Tanista qulu(an-a ebderekü Ardar noqai
mungqa( umar-a [töröküi] dörön-e [=doron- abqui emün-e
a] umara
naiman šin-e Saran odun arban naiman Modun odun qorin naiman Naran odun
tegüs Suvadi taulai tegüs Sadabis üker ötelküi ba(uram Burnavasu (aqai
üiledküi umar-a üküküi örön-e umara bolqui emün-e
isün šin-e 'al odun arban isün Altan odun qorin isün Saran odun
ba(uram Šuša( luu meküs Burvabadaribad tegüs Bus qulu(an-a
medeküi emün-e baras mungqa( umara töröküi doron-a

391
TRANSCRIPTION

arban šin-e Usun odun qorin-a Široi odun (uèin-a 'al odun ba(uram
tegüs Anurad mo(ai ner-e ebderekü Udaribadaribad Asli( üker ötelküi üküküi
öngge emün-e taulai üiledküi örön-e doron-a emün-e

[14r]

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u eèüs Abiji sara.

tariyaèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a. qara Kitad-un

to(aèin-dur namurun terigün sar-a Töbed-dür Beèin

sar-a. Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an sar-a. Beèin sara mön-ü tula

belge inu modun èim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü

èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan te¯igemüi. o(tar(ui-dur

Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü. (a¯ar-dur serigün

següder una(ad qulan una(an-iyan telèiyemüi. ¯a(ur-a

kökege<g> šiba(un emüneši qarimui. èarèa(-a qošiyalan

dong(oddumui. üsken qur-a-yin èa(. naran Arsalan-u

gertür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki arsalan quraèimui.

edür (uèin dörben qubi. söni qorin ¯ir(u(an

qubi. dörben šinede qur-a ese orobasu yeke

salkin bolqu. amin saki(ulsun örön-e. ¯oliy-a

mör doron-a umar-a. yeke tngri örön-e. qo(osun

qumq-a doron-a šitügen eke 'aqai (a¯ar-a. Dolo(an

sarada sayitar oroši(ulbasu usun-dur ong(oèa

392
TRANSCRIPTION

oro(ulbasu qudaldu keyibesü tariyan-u üile

üiledbesü sayin bui. tayisui umar-a Janggün örön-e

'aqai edür ¯obalang-un tngri yabumui. Takiy-a edür

(okimui. Morin edür tngri-yin (al. 'aqai edür

ülü sedükü Mo(ai edür ula(an ša¯a(ai bui.

Takiy-a modun erlig. Qoni ükülün e¯in. 'aqai

sarayin (al Luu (a¯ar-un (al

[14v]

nigen šin-e 'al odun tegüs
Mig baras mungqa( örön-e
qoyar šin-e Usun odun
ebderekü Burvabalguni
taulai üiledküi örön-e
(urban šin-e Modun odun
ebderekü Udaribalguni luu
medeküi örön-e
dörben šin-e Altan odun
ba(uram Qasta mo(ai ner-
e öngge umar-a
tabun šin-e Široi odun
tegüs Jayitari morin
¯ir(u(an orod emün-e
arban nigen Altan odun
ba(uram Burvasad
qulu(an-a töröküi emün-e
arban qoyar Široi odun
tegüs Udarisad üker ötelküi
üküküi doron-a
arban (urban Naran odun
tegüs Abiji baras mungqa(
emün-e
arban dörben Saran odun
ebderekü Širvan taulai
üiledküi umar-a
arban tabun 'al odun tegüs
Tanista luu medeküi emün-
e mungqa( örön-e
qorin nigen Saran odun
ebderekü Barani noqai
abqui emün-e
qorin qoyar 'al odun tegüs
Kerteg (aqai bolqui umar-
a
qorin (urban Usun odun
ebderekü Rôkini qulu(an-a
töröküi doron-a
qorin dörben Modun odun
meküs Margišar üker
ötelküi üküküi doron-a
qorin tabun Altan odun
ba(uram Ardar baras

393
TRANSCRIPTION

¯ir(u(an šin-e Naran odun
tegüs Suvadi qonin
kürteküi umar-a
dolo(an šin-e Saran odun
ebderekü Šuša( beèin
sereküi umar-a doron-a
naiman šin-e 'al odun
tegüs Anurad takiy-a
quraèaqui
doron-a
isün šin-e Usun odun
ebderekü Èista noqai abqui
örön-e
arban šin-e Modun odun
meküs Mul (aqai bolqui
emün-e
arban ¯ir(u(an Usun odun
ebderekü Sadabis mo(ai
ner-e öngge örön-e
arban dolo(an Modun
odun meküs
Burvabadaribad morin
¯ir(u(an orod umar-a
arban naiman Altan odun
ba(uram Udaribadaribad
qonin kürteküi umar-a
arban isün Široi odun tegüs
Rivadi beèin sereküi
emün-e
qorin-a Naran odun tegüs
Ašivani takiy-a quraèaqui
umar-a
qorin ¯ir(u(an Široi odun
tegüs Burnavasu taulai
üiledküi
örön-e
qorin dolo(an Naran odun
tegüs Bus luu medeküi
doron-a
qorin naiman Saran odun
ebderekü Asli( mo(ai ner-
e öngge umar-a
qorin isün 'al odun tegüs
Mig morin ¯ir(u(an orod
emün-e
(uèin-a Usun odun
ebderekü Burvabalguni
qonin kürteküi umara

[15r]

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun terigün Burvabadari-

bad sara tariyaèin-dur namurun eèüs sar-a. Kitad-un

to(aèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a. Töbed-dür Takiy-a sara

Mong(ol-dur Naiman sara. Takiy-a sara mön-ü tula belge

inu qamu( šiba(un tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui.

o(tar(ui-dur Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü

(a¯ar-dur ¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi. ¯a(ura

394
TRANSCRIPTION

ularu šiba(un qoršiyalamui. qarèa(ai šiba(un taulai

bari¯u tngri takiqu sar-a. qamu( tariyan tömösün

bol¯u qadumui. ene sarada naran Okin-u gertür oro(san-u

tula yirtinèü-deki<n> okid ü¯ügürkeküi èa( bui

edür (uèin qoyar qubi söni qorin naiman qubi.

šir(ol¯i terigüten amitan degde¯ü o(tar(ui-dur

(arumui. ¯ir(u(an šin-e qorin dörben-e qur-a ese

orobasu kümün-dür ebedèin bolu(ad yeke salkin bolqu.

amin saki(ulsun örön-e emün-e ¯oliy-a mör doron-a emün-e

yeke tngri umar-a. qo(osun qumq-a emün-e šitügen-ü

eke Qonin (a¯ar-a. Naiman sarada èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu

qudaldu odbasu quda anda bolbasu em-e kümün-e

tusa keyibesu ¯iru( ¯irubasu sayin bui. tayisui umara

Janggün doron-a Morin edür (okimui Beèin edür ¯obalang-un

tngri yabumui. Takiy-a edür tngri-yin (al. Taulai edür

ülü sedükü. Takiy-a edür ula(an ša¯a(ai bui

Mori modun erlig Luu ükülün e¯in. noqai sarayin (al

[15v]

395
TRANSCRIPTION

nigen šin-e Modun odun arban nigen Naran odun qorin nigen Usun odun
tegüs Udaribalguni beèin tegüs Abiji morin ¯ir(u(an meküs Rôkini luu medeküi
sereküi umar-a orod örön-e
örön-e
qoyar šin-e Altan odun arban qoyar Saran odun qorin qoyar Modun odun
ebderekü Qasta qonin meküs Širvan qonin tegüs Margišar mo(ai ner-
kürteküi umar-a kürteküi doron-a e öngge doron-a
(urban šin-e Široi odun arban (urban 'al odun qorin (urban Altan odun
ba(uram Jayitari noqai ebderekü Tanista beèin ebderekü Ardar morin
abqui doron-a sereküi ¯ir(u(an orod emün-e
dörben šin-e Naran odun arban dörben Usun odun qorin dörben Široi odun
tegüs Suvadi (aqai bolqui tegüs Sadabis takiy-a ba(uram Burnavasu qonin
doron-a quraèaqui kürteküi emüne
emün-e
tabun šin-e Saran odun arban tabun Modun odun qorin tabun Naran odun
meküs Šuša( qulu(an-a tegüs Burvabadaribad tegüs Bus beèin sereküi
töröküi örön-e noqai abqui doron-a umara
¯ir(u(an šin-e 'al odun arban ¯ir(u(an Altan odun qorin ¯ir(u(an Saran odun
tegüs Anurad üker ötelküi ebderekü Udaribadaribad meküs Asli( takiy-a
üküküi emün-e (aqai bolqui emün-e quraèaqui doron-a
dolo(an šin-e Usun odun arban dolo(an Široi odun qorin dolo(an 'al odun
meküs Èista baras ba(uram Rivadi qulu(an-a tegüs Mig noqai abqui
mungqa( örön-e emün-e töröküi örön-e örön-e
naiman šin-e Modun odun arban naiman Naran odun qorin naiman Usun odun
tegüs Mul taulai üiledküi tegüs Ašivani üker ötelküi meküs Burvabalguni (aqai
emün-e üküküi umar-a doron-a bolqui doron-a
isün šin-e Altan odun arban isün Saran odun qorin isün Modun odun
ebderekü Burvasad luu meküs Barani baras tegüs Udaribalguni
medeküi umar-a mungqa( örön-e qulu(an-a töröküi doron-a
arban šin-e Široi odun qorin-a 'al odun tegüs (uèin-a Altan odun
ba(uram Udarisad mo(ai Kerteg taulai üiledküi ebderekü Qasta üker
ner-e öngge umar-a doron-a ötelküi üküküi doron-a

396
TRANSCRIPTION

[16r]

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun dumdadu Ašivani sara

tariyaèin-dur ebülün terigün sara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur

namurun eèus sar-a Töbed-dür Noqai sara. Mong(ol-dur

Isün sara. Noqai sara mön-ü tula belge inu noqai

quraèi¯u [=qurièa¯u] qošiyalamui o(tar(ui-dur Ašivani na(šidar-

iyar ör geyimü. (a¯ar-dur èo( neretü ebesün èindaralamui

¯a(ur-a anggir (ala(un qarimui. küiten següder una¯u

ebesün qubaraqui [=qubiraqui] èa(. egüni arban tabun-a burqan tngri-eèe

ba(u(san buyan-du sayin èa( bui. naran Èinglegüür-ün

gertür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-deki dusul terigüten-i

èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi. edür söni qubi saèu(uu

bo[l]qu oroqui èa(. arban tabun-a qur-a ese orobasu

qur-a ügei bolqu. amin saki(ulsun doron-a emün-e. ¯oliy-a

mör örön-e emün-e. yeke tngri doron-a qo(osun qumq-a

örön-e šitügen-ü eke Taulai (a¯ar-a Isün sarada

öèügüken tusa bütügebesü èidqumal èidqubasu

mese keyibesü qooritu [=qooratu] üiles üiledküi-dür sayin bui

tayisui umar-a Janggün örön-e Baras edür (okimui

Mo(ai edür ¯obalang-un tngri yabumui. Qulu(an-a

397
TRANSCRIPTION

edür tngri-yin (al. Qonin edür ülü sedekü

Üker edür ula(an ša¯a(ai bui. Luu modun erlig.

Üker ükülün e¯in. Baras (a¯ar-un (al. Takiy-a

sarayin (al.

[16v]

nigen šin-e Široi odun arban nigen 'al odun qorin nigen Altan odun
tegüs Jayitari baras meküs Tanis qulu(an-a tegüs Ardar noqai abqui
mungqa( yilig doron-a töröküi doron-a umar-a
qoyar šin-e Naran odun arban qoyar Usun odun qorin qoyar Široi odun
meküs Suvadi taulai ba(uram Sadabis üker tegüs Burnavasu (aqai
üiledküi emün-e ötelküi üküküi doron-a bolqui örön-e emün-e
(urban šin-e Saran odun arban (urban Modun odun qorin (urban Naran odun
ba(uram Šuša( luu ebderekü Burvabadaribad meküs Bus qulu(an-a
medeküi örön-e emün-e baras [mungqa(] umar-a töröküi umar-a
doron-a
dörben šin-e 'al odun arban dörben Altan odun qorin dörben Saran odun
meküs Anurad mo(ai ner-e tegüs Udaribadaribad ba(uram [Asli(] üker
öngge emün-e taulai üiledküi emün-e ötelküi üküküi umar-a
tabun šin-e Usun odun arban tabun Široi odun qorin tabun 'al odun
ba(uram Èista morin tegüs Rivadi luu medeküi meküs Mig baras mungqa(
¯ir(u(an orod örön-e örön-e
emün-e umar-a
¯ir(u(an šin-e Modun arban ¯ir(u(an Naran odun qorin ¯ir(u(an Usun odun
odun ebderekü Mul qonin meküs Ašivani mo(ai ner- ba(uram Burvabalguni
kürteküi emün-e e öngge taulai üiledküi emün-e
örön-e

398
TRANSCRIPTION

dolo(an šin-e Altan odun
tegüs Burvasad beèin
sereküi umar-a
naiman šin-e Široi odun
tegüs Udarisad takiy-a
quraèaqui örön-e
isün šin-e Naran odun
meküs Abiji noqai abqui
doron-a
arban šin-e Saran odun
ba(uram Širvan (aqai
bolqui doron-a emün-e
arban dolo(an Saran odun
ba(uram Barani morin
¯ir(u(an orod doron-a
arban naiman 'al odun
meküs Kerteg qonin
kürteküi doron-a
arban isün Usun odun
ba(uram Rôkini beèin
sereküi umar-a
qorin-a Modun odun
ebderekü Margišar takiy-a
quraèaqui emün-e
qorin dolo(an [m]odun
odun ebderekü
Udaribalguni luu medeküi
doron-a
qorin naiman Altan odun
tegüs Qasta mo(ai ner-e
öngge emün-e
qorin isün Široi odun tegüs
Jayitari morin ¯ir(u(an
orod örön-e
(uèin-a Naran odun meküs
Suvadi qonin kürteküi
örön-e emün-e

[17r]

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun eèüs Kerteg

sar-a. tariyaèin-dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a. Kitad-un

to(aèin-dur ebülün terigün sar-a Töbed-dür

'aqai sar-a. mön-ü tula belge inu (aqai nasu

to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui. o(tar(ui-dur Kerteg na(šidar-

iyar ör geyimü. (a¯ar-tur qala(un-u a(ur

(aru(ad küiten-ü a(ur oromui ¯a(ur-a usun

šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u qa(dalamui. qamu( tariyan

tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( naran Tiler-ün

gertür oro(sun-u tula. yirtinèü-deki amitan-i

ala¯u kilinèe [=kelinèe] üiledküi èa(. edür qorin naiman qubi.

399
TRANSCRIPTION

söni (uèin qoyar qubi. yeke küiten-ü èa( bolumui.

nigen šinede èisun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu

tabun šin-e qorin ¯ir(u(an-a qur-a ese orobasu

qoyitu on-du qur-a èuqa( (ang bolqu. amin

saki(ulsun doron-a ¯oliy-a mör örön-e umar-a

yeke tngri emün-e. qo(osun qumq-a umar-a šitügen-ü

eke Qulu(an-a (a¯ar-a. arban sarada ¯a(an [=¯a(al] morin

qudaldubasu sayin bui. tayisui doron-a Janggün

umar-a. 'aqai edür (okimui Baras edür ¯obalang-un

tngri yabumui. Taulai edür tngri-yin (al. Baras

edür ülü sedükü. Mo(ai edür ula(an ša¯a(ai bui.

Üker modun erlig. noqai. ükülün e¯in. Üker

(a¯ar-un (al. Beèin sarayin (al.

[17v]

nigen šin-e Saran odun
tegüs Anurad beèin sereküi
emün-e
qoyar šin-e 'al odun
ba(urim Èista takiy-a
quraèaqui örön-e
arban nigen Modun odun qorin nigen Naran odun
tegüs Udaribadaribad ba(uram Asli( luu
morin ¯ir(u(an orod medeküi umara doron-a
emün-e
arban qoyar Altan odun qorin qoyar Saran odun
tegüs Rivadi qonin tegüs Mig mo(ai ner-e
kürteküi örön-e öngge umara

400
TRANSCRIPTION
(urban šin-e Usun odun
meküs Mul noqai abqui
emün-e
dörben šin-e Modun odun
tegüs Burvasad (aqai
bolqui örön-e
tabun šin-e Altan odun
meküs Udarisad qulu(an-a
töröküi doron-a
¯ir(u(an šin-e Široi odun
ebderekü Abiji üker
ötelküi üküküi örön-e
dolo(an šin-e Naran odun
ba(urim Širvan baras
mungqa( doron-a emün-e
naiman šin-e Saran odun
ba(uram Tanista Taulai
üiledküi umar-a
isün šin-e 'al odun
ba(uram Sadabis luu
medeküi emün-e
arban šin-e Usun odun
tegüs Burvabadaribad
mo(ai ner-e öngge emün-e
[18r]
Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün terigün Margišar
sar-a tariyaèin-dur ebülün eèüs sar-a. Kitad-un to(aèin-dur
ebülün dumdadu sar-a. Töbed-dür Qulu(an-a sar-a. Mong(ol-
arban (urban Široi odun
ebderekü Ašivani beèin
sereküi doron-a
arban dörben Naran odun
ba(uram Barani takiy-a
quraèaqui umara
arban tabun Saran odun
tegüs Kerteg noqai abqui
umara
arban ¯ir(u(an 'al odun
ba(urim Rôkini (aqai
bolqui umara
arban dolo(an Usun odun
tegüs Margišar qulu(an-a
töröküi emün-e
arban naiman Modun odun
tegüs Ardar üker ötelküi
üküküi
örön-e
arban isün Altan odun
ba(urim Burnavasu baras
mungqa( doron-a
qorin-a Široi odun
ebderekü Bus taulai
üiledküi örön-e
401
qorin (urban 'al odun
ba(uram Burvabalguni
morin ¯ir(u(an orod umara
doron-a
qorin dörben Usun odun
tegüs Udaribalguni qonin
kürteküi umara
qorin tabun Modun odun
tegüs Qasta beèin sereküi
emün-e
qorin ¯ir(u(an Altan odun
meküs Jayitari takiy-a
quraèaqui örön-e
qorin dolo(an Široi odun
ebderekü Suvadi noqai
abqui doron-a
qorin naiman Naran odun
ba(uram Šuša( (aqai
bolqui örön-e
qorin isün Saran odun
tegüs Anurad qulu(an-a
töröküi
doron-a
(uèin-a 'al odun ba(uram
Èista üker ötelküi üküküi
örön-e.
TRANSCRIPTION

tur Arban nigen sar-a. Qulu(an-a sara mön-ü tula belge inu

tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-eèe ülü (arumui. o(tar(ui-

tur Margišar na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü. (a¯ar-tur

¯egeren taki qošiyalamui. ¯a(ur-a salbar šiba(un öndegelemüi.

naran Numun-u gertür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-teki

numun qata(uu küèütü bolumui. edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi

söni (uèin dörben qubi. (a¯ar usun èöm amin nüke kürümüi

ebülün naran ba(uqu èa(. egüni qorin dolo(an-a saran-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u belgelemüi. amin saki(ulsun

örön-e emün-e. ¯oliy-a mör doron-a umar-a. yeke

tngri örön-e qo(osun qumq-a doron-a. šitügen-ü

eke Luu (a¯ar. arban nigen sarada ed mal (ada(ši

ögbesü. ¯arlig bièig tarqabasu amurling(ui

üiles keyibesü sayin bui. tayisui doron-a Janggün

umar-a Beèin edür (okimui. 'aqai edür ¯obalang-un

tngri yabumui. Morin edür tngri-yin (al. Morin edür

ülü sedükü. Takiy-a edür ula(an ša¯a(ai bui.

noqai modun erlig. Qoni. ükülün e¯in. Qulu(an-a

(a¯ar-un (al. Qoni sarayin (al.

[18v]

402
TRANSCRIPTION

nigen šin-e 'al odun tegüs arban nigen Altan odun
Mul baras mungqa( örön-e ba(uram Ašivani qulu(an-
a töröküi doron-a.
qoyar šin-e Usun odun arban qoyar Široi odun
ebderekü Burvasad taulai meküs Barani üker ötelküi
üiledküi örön-e üküküi umar-a
(urban šin-e Modun odun arban (urban Naran odun
meküs Udarisad luu tegüs Kerteg baras
medeküi örön-e. mungqa( emün-e
dörben šin-e Altan odun arban dörben Saran odun
ba(uram Abiji mo(ai ner- ebderekü Rôkini taulai
e öngge umar-a üiledküi umar-a.
tabun šin-e Široi odun arban tabun 'al odun
tegüs Širvan morin tegüs. Margišar luu
¯ir(u(an orod emün-e medeküi doron-a örön-e
¯ir(u(an šin-e Naran odun arban ¯ir(u(an Usun odun
tegüs Tanis qonin kürteküi ebderekü Ardar mo(ai ner-
umar-a. e öngge doron-a
dolo(an šin-e Saran odun arban dolo(an Modun
ebderekü Sadabis beèin odun tegüs Burnavasu
sereküi morin ¯ir(u(an orod örön-
e
naiman šin-e 'al odun arban naiman Altan odun
Burvabadaribad takiy-a ba(uram Bus qonin
quraèaqui doron-a kürteküi örön-e
isün šin-e Usun odun arban isün Široi odun tegüs
ebderekü Udaribadaribad Aslig beèin sereküi doron-
noqai abqui örön-e a emün-e
arban šin-e Modun odun qorin-a Naran odun tegüs
meküs Rivadi (aqai bolqui Mig takiy-a quraèaqui
doron-a umar-a
qorin nigen Saran odun
ebderekü Burvabalguni
noqai abqui emün-e
qorin qoyar 'al odun tegüs
Udaribalguni (aqai bolqui
umar-a
qorin (urban Usun odun
ebderekü Qasta qulu(an-a
töröküi doron-a
qorin dörben Modun odun
Jayitari üker ötelküi üküküi
doron-a
qorin tabun Altan odun
ba(uram Suvadi baras
mungqa( örön-e
qorin ¯ir(u(an Široi odun
tegüs Šuša( taulai üiledküi
örön-e
qorin dolo(an Naran odun
tegüs Anurad luu medeküi
emün-e
qorin naiman Saran odun
ebderekü Èista mo(ai ner-
e öngge umar-a
qorin isün 'al odun tegüs
Mul morin ¯ir(u(an orod
emün-e
(uèin-a Usun odun
ebderekü Burvasad qonin
kürteküi doron-a

[19r]

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün dumdadu

403
TRANSCRIPTION

Bus sar-a. tariyaèin-dur qaburun terigün sar-a. Kitad-un

to(aèin-dur ebülün eèüs sar-a. Töbed-dür Üker

sar-a. Mong(ol-dur Kögeler-ün sar-a. Üker sar-a

mön-ü tula. üker-ün bey-e qala(un bol¯u ebesün

èidtala idemüi. o(tar(ui-dur Bus na(šidar-iyar

ör geyimü. (a¯ar tal-a ödken èasun bolumui. ¯a(ura

qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui. takiy-a kegür¯igen-e

šiba(un öndegelemüi. naran Matar-un ger-dür oro(san-u

tula matar dalai deger-e (arumui. edür qorin dörben

qubi. söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi. arban dörben-e

èasu ese orobasu ebül dula(an bolqu. qorin

tabun-a sara-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u belge

ü¯imüi [=ü¯emüi]. amin saki(ulsun örön-e emün-e. ¯oliy-a

mör doron-a emün-e. yeke tngri umar-a. qo(osun

qumq-a emün-e. šitügen-ü eke Beèin (a¯ar-a.

Kögeler sarada usun-u üiles üiledbesü ¯am

¯asabasu busud-i ar(adabasu ma(u üiles üi-

ledbesü ¯ar(u qa(albasu sayin bui. tayisui

doron-a. senggün umar-a. Mo(ai edür (okimui.

Beèin edür ¯obalang-un tngri yabumui. Takiy-a edür

tngri-yin (al. noqai edür ülü sedükü. Üker

404
TRANSCRIPTION
edür ula(an ša¯a(ai bui. Qoni modun erlig. Luu
ükülün e¯in 'aqai (a¯ar-un (al. mori sarayin (al.
[19v]
nigen šin-e Modun odun
küèün tegüs Abiji beèin
sereküi
umar-a
qoyar šin-e Altan odun
ebderekü Širvan takiy-a
quraèaqui
doron-a
(urban šin-e Široi odun
ba(uram noqai abqui Tanis
emün-e
dörben šin-e Naran odun
tegüs Sadabis (aqai bolqui
doron-a
tabun šin-e Saran odun
meküs Burvabadaribad
qulu(an-a töröküi doron-a
¯ir(u(an šin-e 'al odun
tegüs Udaribadaribad üker
ötelküi üküküi emün-e
dolon šin-e Usun odun
meküs Rivadi baras
mungqa( örön-e emün-e
naiman šin-e Modun odun
tegüs Ašivani taulai
üiledküi emün-e.
arban nigen Naran odun qorin nigen Usun odun
tegüs Rôkini morin meküs Èayitari [=Jayitari]
¯ir(u(an orod doron-a luu medeküi örön-e.
arban qoyar Saran odun qorin qoyar Modun odun
meküs Margišar qonin tegüs Suvadi mo(ai ner-e
kürteküi doron-a öngge örön-e
arban (urban 'al odun qorin (urban Altan odun
tegüs Ardar beèin sereküi ebderekü Šuša( morin
örön-e ¯ir(u(an orod emün-e
arban dörben Usun odun qorin dörben Široi odun
meküs Burnavasu takiy-a ba(uram Anurad qonin
quraèaqui doron-a kürteküi emün-e
arban tabun Modun odun qorin tabun Naran odun
tegüs Bus noqai abqui tegüs Èista beèin sereküi
örön-e emün-e umar-a
arban ¯ir(u(an Altan odun qorin ¯ir(u(an Saran odun
ebderekü Asli( (aqai meküs Mul takiy-a
bolqui emün-e quraèaqui umar-a
arban dolo(an Široi odun qorin dolo(an 'al odun
ba(uram Mig qulu(an-a tegüs Burvasad noqai
töröküi örön-e abqui örön-e
arban naiman Naran odun qorin naiman Usun odun
tegüs Burva-balguni üker meküs Udarisad (aqai
ötelküi üküküi doron-a bolqui umar-a.
405
TRANSCRIPTION

isün šin-e Altan odun
ebderekü Barani luu
medeküi umara
arban šin-e Široi odun
ba(uram Kerteg mo(ai
ner-e öngge örön-e
arban isün Saran odun
meküs Udaribalguni baras
mungqa( örön-e.
qorin-a 'al odun tegüs
Qasta taulai üiledküi umar-
a.
qorin isün Modun odun
tegüs Abiji qulu(an-a
töröküi örön-e
(uèin-a Altan odun
ebderekü Širvan üker
ötelküi üküküi doron-a

[20r]

öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni bui.

rašiyan edür-ün belge erdini bui.

èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a bui.

naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adusun bui.

qariqu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san (adusun bui.

luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui.

qariqui edürün beleg inu ula(an nara bui

(a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui.

qariqui edürün belge inu qara sa üsüg bui.

ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui.

šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a

šim[n]us-i ila(u(san edürün belge inu qara nara bui

Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge inu tong(ori( bui

Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui

erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui.

qariqui edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a bui

406
TRANSCRIPTION

naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu vaèir bui

qariqui edürün belge inu ¯arimdu( vaèir bui.

arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg bui.

kelinèitü edürün belge inu qara èindamuni bui.

kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui.

do(šin edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui

[20v]

šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui

bati bata güikü edürün belge inu ala( nidün bui.

ginggang güikü edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui

baling do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul bui

öèüken qara edürün belge nigen qara dusul bui.

ügegürügülügèi edürün belge (urbal¯in ula(an bui.

yeke qara edürün belge inu (urbal¯in qara bui

tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui

qo(osun edürün belge (urban qara dusul bui

(uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui.

tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui

gara( ideši erikü edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker

tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge doro(ši qandu(san qara sara bui.

407
TRANSCRIPTION

ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg bui.

ebdegèi edürün belge inu qada(ur bui.

(a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in bui

tüleküi edürün belge anu solbi(san qara ¯iruqai ene ilegüüdebei

[21r]

qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u

uèaral-un sayin ma(u-[y]i üjekü kürdün ene bui.

Kerteg (al Nara (al

Rôkini široi Sara usu

Margišar kii 'al (al

Ardar široi Usu usu

Burnavasu kii Modun kii

Bus (al Altan široi

Asli( usu Široi široi

Mig (al Nara (al

Burvabalguni (al Sara usu

Udaribalguni kii 'al (al

Qasta kii Usu usu

Jayitari kii Modun kei.

Suvad'i kii Altan široi

408
TRANSCRIPTION

Suša( (al Široi široi

Anurad široi Nara (al

Èista široi Sara usu

Mul usu 'al (al

Burvasad usu Usu usu

Udarisad široi Modun kii

Abiji široi Altan široi

Širvang usu Široi široi

Tanista usu Nara (al

Sadabis usu Sara usu

Burvabadaribad (al 'al (al

[21v]

Udaribadaribad usu Usu usu

Rivad'i usu Modun kii

Ašivani kii Altan široi

Barani (al Široi široi

Naran odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara( kememü (al

èinar bui. Naran odun küèün tegüs-ün èa(-tur

qan oron-a sa(ubasu süm-e keyid baribasu

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TRANSCRIPTION

köbegün-e ger baribasu okin ögbesü burqan-i

takibasu köbegün töröbesü rabnas oroši(ulbasu

sudur-nu(ud bièibesü ¯i(ulèilabasu dayisun

darubasu abišig abubasu em èungla(ulbasu

ada(usun abubasu ür-e saèubasu (al takil

takibasu ada(usun sürüglebesü buyan üiledbesü

morin sur(abasu biy-e ugiyabasu ordo qarši

¯asabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(ulbasu sayin bui.

bulaši bulabasu öri ögbesü šini debel emüsbesü

ükügsed-dür buyan üiledbesü buyan kešig

ebderekü ma(u bui. èerig mordobasu naran

ur(uqui èa(-tur morda. èereg-ün noyan ula(an

debel emüsèü ¯igerde morin unu¯u ula(an

kegeri bari¯u. ula(an èimeg-iyer èime¯ü su¯ali-

yu(an taki¯u dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan-u ner-e bièi¯ü

yama(an-u eber-dü dürü¯ü dayisun-i esergü ireküi-

tür. qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu dolo(anta

qa[š]k[i]rèu usun saèu(ad (adquldubasu dayisun-i

[22r]

darui-dur daruyu.

Saran odun kemebesü door-a luus-un qad-un gara(

410
TRANSCRIPTION

büküy-yin tula usun-u èinar bui. Saran odun kücün

tegüs-ün èa(-tur tariyan saèubasu (al-un takil

takibasu biy-e ugiyabasu buyan ¯oli( ögbesü

dalal(-a dalalbasu köbegün töröbesü dungli

(ar(abasu sayin bui. qudaldu keyibesü mör (arbasu

ma(ui. luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü em èu(-

la(ulbasu šini gertür orobasu ba. baribasu

šin-e qa(al(-a baribasu beri ba(ul(abasu modun

taribasu suba( tatabasu èinadus-un dayisun-dur

odbasu dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu sayin. èerig

mordobasu taulai qoni (aqai ¯ilten qara morin

unu¯u qara kegeri bariju qara èimeg-iyer èime¯ü

dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bièi¯ü (al-dur tüleged

isün adqu široi isün aya(-a usun-iyar sönöge¯ü

daru(ad suu ¯ali-yu(an takiju örön-e ¯üg

uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu. dayisun esergü irebesü

tabun kümün qad-un èimeg-iyer èime¯ü miq-a-yi mungna¯u

saèu(ad (adquldubasu dayisun-i daruyu. ada(usun

¯ibqarabasu nökögesün debeltü köke èirai-du ba

nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün umara emün-e abèu odba.

èa(an seger<i>tü qara noqai-tai deged doorad

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TRANSCRIPTION

ügülegèi em-e kümün ba èa(an èila(u-tu bula( ba

modun-u èinadu ki¯a(ar-a ni(u¯u amui. nigen edür

ba. ese bögesü tabun edür-dür oldayu belbesün

[22v]

qatun kümün ¯i(a¯u öggümüi.

'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin

tula (al-un èinar bui. do(šin gara( kememüi. küèün

tegüs-ün èa(-tur burqan-u oron eribesü. ber'i ba(ul(abasu

ükügsen-dür buyan üiledbesü qariyal qari(ulbasu

küü sang negebesü eyetüldür-e èi(ulbasu öri

abubasu èereg-ün noyan sa(ul(abasu bal(asun

baribasu ¯arli(-un èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu ¯i(ulèilabasu

adusun abubasu ger ed'kebesü qota ¯asabasu

abalabasu sayin bui. bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu

tere daruyu. köbegün töröbesü te¯igeküy-e berke

morin dobtulbasu kümün ükübesü debel ed'kebesü

tögenebesü ¯inglebesü ma(u bui. tang(ari(-aèa

daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( kememüi. ed mal

¯ibqarabasu isün kümün qul[a](uyu isün gerte

ni(u¯u amu eliy-e da(a(san kümün ba. temürèi ba

band’i ba bombo teyimü nigen kümün sura( ügülemüi.

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TRANSCRIPTION

örön-e ¯üg-eèe ire¯ü örön-e qandu(san gerte

abèu odba ma(u aran-lu(-a uèirabasu olumui-¯-a

egüüden-dür ¯igerde morin öèim ula(an debeltü ba

ula(an (ajar bui-¯-a.

Usun odun kemebesü yaa(š-a-un [=yaa(š-a-yin] qa(an-u gara( büküy-yin

tula. usun èinar bui. Usun odun tegüs-ün èa(-dur

bièig to(-a sur(abasu öber-ün tusa bütügebesü

qudda anda bolbasu okin ber'i ögbesü aliba

burqan-i takibasu qurimlabasu (adquldu(an-i

[23r]

amurli(ulbasu buyan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü

una(an sur(abasu kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu ada(usun

ögbesü šin-e gertür orobasu qatun kümün-i

asarabasu bügüde-dür sayin. köbegün töröbesü

darasun iskebesü ma(u bui. okin bögesü il(ari bui.

èerig mordobasu edür düli morda. debel quya(

mese qara-nu(ud-i èime¯ü qara morin unu¯u

qara kiiri bari¯u dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e-yi ¯iru¯u

(aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dürü¯ü usun-dur daru(ad

örön-e ¯üg èereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu.

dayisun-i eser’gü ireküi-dür šara-nu(ud-iyar

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TRANSCRIPTION

èime¯ü šara kiiri bari¯u köl morin unu¯u

¯ol(oldubasu dayisun-i daruyu. ada(usun ba

ed ¯ibqarabasu qoyar kümün qula(uyu doron-a

¯üg abèu odba. tere qula(ayièi-dur nigen em-e

kümün oroldu¯u amu. qoyar ger buyu usun-u ki¯a(ar-a

ni(u¯u amui. dolo(an ba ese bögesü isün

qono(-tu oldayu ese oldabasu yerüde

ülü oldayu.

Modun odun kemebesü ¯ögelen galbaranjan modun-u

gara( büküy-yin tula modun èinar bui. Modun odun

küèün tegüs-ün èa(-tur tabèang baribasu saki(ulsun

üiledbesü. buyan üiledbesü burqan takibasu

nom nomlabasu mandal ¯irubasu. süme keyid

bariqu (a¯ar-<y>i beleglebesü èidker-nu(ud-i [=èidker-nügüd-i]

nomo(odqabasu biy-e ugiyabasu yal-a yangqa

[23v]

qa(albasu dorm-a a(urbasu (al-un takil takibasu

dayisun-i daruqu üiles üiledbesü širad kibesü

subur(-a bosqabasu (adasun qari(ulbasu busud-i

qari(ulbasu uqa(an sur(abasu qada (a¯ar-<y>i

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TRANSCRIPTION

uqubasu ed bütügebesü ¯ibqara(san-i eribesü

köbegün töröbesü aliba yabuqu sa(uqu üiles-dür

sayin. èereg mordobasu erte mana(ar morda. qubèad

köke-ber èime¯ü köke morin unu¯u köke kegiri bari¯u

suu ¯ali-yu(an taki¯u dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u

ner-e-yi bièi¯ü dolo(an alqu (a¯ar-a isün doboèa(

široi door-a daru(ad emün-e ¯üg uduridbasu

dayisun-i daruyu dayisun eser’gü ireküi-dür qubèad

èimeg-iyen èa(an-iyar èimejü èa(an keg[i]ri bari¯u

qa[š]kiru(ad tabun quya(-du kümün-iyer uduridbasu

dayisun-i daruyu ed ¯ibqarabasu er-e (a(èa kümün-ü

köbegün qula(u¯u amu. do(alang eremdeg kümün ba.

köke èirai-du kümün ba ger-ün egüüde umara ¯üg

qandu(san modun-u door-a ni(u¯u amu bandi

kümün abèu oldayu.

Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara(

büküy-yin tula temür-ün èinar bui basa key-yin

èinar kemegdeyü qota ¯asabasu kürgen sögödbesü

morin dobtulbasu darasun iskebesü ma(ui.

buyan üiledbesü bièig to(-a erdem uqa(an

sur(abasu ber'i ba(ul(abasu ger negübesü debel

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TRANSCRIPTION

eskebesü qurimlabasu sayin. köbegün töröbesü

[24r]

uqa(an beligtü [=biligtü] bolqu. okin ögbesü amin nasun

oqor bolqu. ma(ad degedüs-ün ¯erge-dür oroqu

maši sayin. èereg mordobasu söni düli-yin urida

morda. beèin takiy-a ¯ilten èa(an-nu(ud-iyar

èime¯ü öèügüken ari(un köbegün-iyer suu ¯ali-

yu(an taki¯u dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-yi

qabtasun-dur bièi¯ü yabuqu mör-dür talbi¯u

¯egün köl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu

dayisun eser’gü iriküi-dür [=ireküi-dür] nigen kümün üsün-iyen

¯ayidèu qayinu(-dur unu¯u boskil saèu¯u

uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu. ed ada(usun

¯ibqarabasu šara öèüken kümün qula(u¯u amui

tabun kümün ba tegün-lüge nigen band'i kümün oroldu¯u

qula(uyu örön-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur

šara široi-du (a¯ar-a ni(u¯u amu keger-e

oyir-a bui. oyir-a ¯üg eri oldayu. do(olang

yerimdeg [=¯erimdeg] a(sad (a¯ar-aèa (urban edür-e (arumui.

Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü

gara( büküy-yin tula. yeke erketü široy-yin èinar

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TRANSCRIPTION

buyu. Široi odun kücün tegüs-ün èa(-tu süm-e

keyid bosqabasu nom buyan üiledbesü qudaldu

keyibesü dalal(-a dalalbasu ed adu(usun

abubasu rabnas oroši(ulbasu šini ger

baribasu burqan takibasu qota ¯asabasu qutu(

oroši(ulbasu debel ed'kebesü burqan šitügen

šinidkebesü šin-e (a¯ar bariqu tariyan

[24v]

taribasu bügüdedür sayin. ¯arudasun qudaldubasu

önör dörben-dü kümün[-ü] yasun (ar(abasu èereg

mordobasu köbegün qurimlabasu sayin. ed mal

ada(usun ögbesü mör (arbasu ma(ui. èereg

mordobasu sarad [=širad]-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü qong(ur

morin unu¯u šara kegeri bari¯u suu ¯ali-

yu(an taki¯u dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan-u ner-e-[y]i

bièi¯ü usun-dur urusqa¯u edür düli umara

doron-a èereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu

dayisun esergü ireküi-dür köke èirai-du

kümün-i qara keb-iyer manglai uriya¯u qara

morin unu¯u modun möèir-iyer dokin (adquldubasu

417
TRANSCRIPTION

dayisun-i daruyu. ed mal ¯ibqarabasu qoyarba

dörben ba ba(ura(san bandi bombo qoyar-un

nigen köbegün oroldun qula(uyu. ese bögesü

qooridur [=qooradur] ükügsen kümün[-ü] köbegün qula(a¯u

amu. qo(osun (ool ba qo(osun bal(asun-dur

qara modun-u door-a ni(u¯u amu. örön-e ¯üg

eri. doron-a ¯üg qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur

¯i(abasu qong(or morin unu(san ala( noqai-

tai teyimü kümün qula(u¯u amu ülü oldayu

tere gara( tegüs inu sayin. meküs inu dumda

ebderekü ba(uram qoyar-du aliba üiles ülü

üiledkü. teyin-ber öni ülü oyilaqu tere

dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui

basa qorin naiman na(šidar-un yabudal eyin bui.

[25r]

Kerteg na(šidar-tur burqan takibasu dalal(-a

dalalbasu öglige ögbesu süm-e keyid ba

subur(-a bosqabasu do(šid-un üile üiledbesü

erdem sur(abasu nom nomlabasu šin-e ger ba

qota ¯asabasu öri abubasu busud-aèa (uyil'(-a

abubasu engküri-yi nomo(odqabasu köbegün

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TRANSCRIPTION

töröbesü ¯ir(u(an boluyu sayin bui. debel

eskebesü (al-dur tüleyü okin töröbesü uru(

èuqa(. kümün ükübesü ¯ir(u(an kümün üküyü mal

adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa( mör (arbasu a¯ar(-a

buura buq-a talbibasu. belbesün em-e abubasu

okin ögbesü ber'i abubasu morin qudaldubasu

qudaldu keyibesü qola ¯i(ulèilabasu ma(ui bui.

(a¯ar ködelbesü (ang bolqu. ed mal ¯ibqarabasu

doron-a emün-e ¯üg-eèe ¯ir(u(an kümün ire¯ü

qula(u¯u amui. belbesün em-e kümün ¯ar(ulan

¯i(a¯u öggümüi. isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur

oroqu bal(asun sür kemekü na(šidar bui. ¯ir(u(an

odun-u düri inu üsün düyilü(èi tong(ori(-dur

adali bui.

Rôkini na(šidar-tur šin-e debel abubasu dalal(-a

dalalbasu a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu ya(un ba

abubasu qong(or qal¯an morin qudaldubasu tusa

bui. èereg mordobasu qariyal qari(ulbasu

burqan-i takibasu bo(ol qudaldubasu debel

ed'kebesü sayin bui. köbegün töröbesü ü¯eskülentü

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TRANSCRIPTION

[25v]

bolu(ad erdem bilig kiged nom-un ¯üil-dür duratai buyu

üiles-dür mergen ölöng aburitu seèin ba(atur

dayisun-i daru(ad aliba-yi ila(u(èi tegüs öl¯eyitü

boluyu. okin töröbesü ed adu(usun nemeyü küü

sang-un ger baribasu tarni uribasu kümün-ü yasun

(ar(abasu ükügsed-dür buyan üiledbesü mör

(arbasu ¯i(ulèilabasu aši( ügei. degerem-e

odbasu ber'i ba(ul(abasu èi(ul(an èi(ul(abasu

keregür ba qoor qomsa bolqu (a¯ar ködelbesü

nara sara kirtübesü yeke ¯ud bolumui. ed mal

¯ibqarabasu doron-a ¯üg-ün kümün qula(uyu belbesün

em-e-dür qudaldu¯u amu. aqa degüü qoyar kümün

uèira¯u ¯i(a¯u öggümüi. ra(šas-un sünesün

na(šidar bui. tabun odun-u düri inu

tergen-ü kürdün metü bui.

Margišar na(šidar kemebesü a(ui yeke na(šidar bui.

egündür ¯irüken tarni uribasu ber'i ba(ul(abasu

šin-e ger-dür orobasu ¯ar(u qa(albasu tngri-yin

dalal(-a dalalbasu suu ¯ali-yu(an takibasu quda

anda bolbasu nom ungšibasu suba( tatabasu

420
TRANSCRIPTION

¯i(ulèilabasu bal(asun deledbesü ger ¯asabasu

debel ed'kebesü arvis tarni uribasu bo(ol

qudaldubasu namanèilabasu ner-e-dür ner-e öggübesü

qan oron-a sa(ubasu mal ada(usun qudaldubasu

mör (arbasu sayin bui. köbegün töröbesü

ü¯esküleng-tü ba(atur tegüs ¯ir(alang-du boluyu.

[26r]

okin töröbesü (ayiqamši( oyun-a ta(alal-du boluyu.

kümün ükübesü qoyar kümün üküyü. üküger-ün qan

ada adalamui. noyad-dur ma(u bui. ükügsed-dür

tüliši buu ög. mal adu(usun buu ög. ma(u. (a¯ar

ködelbesü qur-a oroyu. ed mal ¯ibqarabasu uru(

tasura(san kümün qula(u¯u amu. umara ¯üg-ün

band'i ba bombo kümün ¯i(a¯u öggümüi. tngri kümün

èidköd (urba(ula èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar bui

(urban odun-u düri inü görögesün-ü terigün metü bui.

Ardar na(šidar-tur burqan bütügebesü üiles üiledbesü

bièig to(-a em sur(abasu ür-e saèubasu èidköd-i

darubasu a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu buyan

üiledbesü burqan takibasu ger baribasu sayin bui.

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TRANSCRIPTION

altan mönggü qudaldubasu ber'i ba(ul(abasu èereg

mordobasu ma(u. köbegün töröbesü yeke kimor-du

bolqu boluyu. mungqa( bolu(ad bayan bolqu. mör

(arbasu debel ed'kebesü kümün ükübesü (a¯ar

ködelbesü ma(ui. ed ada(usun ¯ibqarabasu isün

kümün ba ¯ir(u(an kümün örön-e emün-e ¯üg aq-a

degüü qoyar terigülen qula(uyu bombo aq-a degüü

qoya(ula ¯i(a¯u öggümüi. Biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai-

tur to(alaqui na(šidar bui isün odun-u düri inu.

kirüge-metü bui.

Burnavasu na(šidar kemebesü uru( tasura(san

na(šidar kemeyü. egün-dür burqan-i takibasu subur(-a

bosqabasu bo(ol qudaldubasu dayisun-i daruqu

[26v]

üiles üiledbesü debel ed'kebesü nigen üile

qoyar bol(abasu il(ari bui. mal ada(usun abubasu

ür-e saèubasu dalal(-a dalalbasu mör (arbasu

sayin. köbegün töröbesü yeke kimor-du öèüken

beligtü [=biligtü] ed adu(usun elbeg bolqu. okin töröbesü

erketen-dür uèaraqu luus-un qad adalamui. qar-a

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TRANSCRIPTION

to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada adalamui. bey-e

ugiyabasu sayin. okin ögbesü èereg mordobasu

ber'i ba(ul(abasu šin-e gertür orobasu ma(u.

(a¯ar ködelbesü tariyan-dur ma(ui. ed ada(usun

¯iqarabasu emün-e ¯üg-ün tabun kümün qula(uyu.

¯ir(u(an edür-e oldamui. ¯i(ulèin kümün mör

(arqu na(šidar bui. (urban odun-u düri inu.

tul(-a-yin modun metü bui.

Bus na(šidar kemebesü tegüs öl¯eyitü na(šidar bui

egün-dür em u(uubasu nom bièibesü quvara(-i

takibasu širid-ün ger baribasu. abašig kiged

uduri(ulsun abubasu ner-e ögbesü burqan-i

bišil(abasu èereg mordobasu mör (arbasu

qudaldubasu saki(ulsan üiledbesü aliba burqan-u

èi(ul(an üiledbesü buyan ¯oli( ögbesü qariyal

qari(ulbasu abalabasu ger baribasu adu(usun quriyabasu

ber'i ba(ul(abasu quda anda bolbasu debel ed'kebesü

sayin bui. köbegün töröbesü JagŸarvadi qa(an-

lu(-a saèa(uu boluyu. ada(usun ögbesü

¯ar(u kiged ükügsen kümün-e tüliši ögbesü ma(ui.

423
TRANSCRIPTION

[27r]

(a¯ar ködelbesü kümün ma(u. adu(usun ¯ibqarabasu

doron-a ¯üg-ün dolo(an kümün qula(u¯u amu. dolo(an

edür-e oldayu. önöèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke

(a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar bui. (urban odun düri

inu kir(a(ul metü bui.

Asli( na(šidar-tur eliy-e üldebesü öèig

öèibesü öri ögbesü ¯i(ulèilabasu qonin abasu [=abubasu]

ür-e ügei kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu dayisun-u ner-e-yi

bièibesü sayin bui. debel edkebesü qudaldu keyibesü

sayin bui. öèügüked-ün eliy-e darubasu köbegün-ü

ömèi ögbesü ber'i ba(ul(abasu burqan-i

takibasu mör (arbasu ükügsen kümün-ü yasun

tüleküi-dür ötegüü ebügen emegen buu od ma(u bui

köbegün töröbesü yeke kimor-tu bolqu. toyin

bolbasu ša(šabad-iyan alda(ad nököd ülü

¯okildun qadquldu(ad šabinar üge-dür durala¯u

qoyar ¯aya(an-u üile-dür (abiy-a ügei bolumui.

(a¯ar ködelbesü nara sara ükübesü tere ulus-dur

(aši(un ¯obalang-dur ayul bolqu. ed adu(usun

¯ibqarabasu doron-a ¯üg öber-e obo(-tan dörben

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TRANSCRIPTION

kümün qula(u¯u amu. naiman edür-dü oldayu.

(ürban qula(ayièi ¯öbleldüküi na(šidar bui.

¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu mo(ay-yin terigün metü bui.

doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe.

Mig na(šidar kemebesü süke-dür adali bui.

dayisun-dur ¯ol(obasu èidköd-i darubasu

[27v]

dayisun-u qariyal qari(ulbasu dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal

abubasu öri abubasu erketen-i takibasu nom

ungšibasu irüger irügebesü morin šin¯ilebesü

sayin bui. köbegün töröbesü ügen-dür mergen bolu(ad

nomèi tegüs ¯ir(alang-du bolumui. mör (arbasu

öri ögbesü ber'i ba(ul(abasu èi(ul(an

èi(ul(abasu tariyan taribasu ma(u. debel ed'kebesü

ükükü edür emüskü ma(u bui. (a¯ar ködelbesü

ulus-un noyan ükükü. albin salm-a-bar küliküi na(šidar

bui. ¯ir(u(an odun düri inu qoši(u metü bui.

Burvabalguni na(šidar kemebesü ra(èis-un qo(olai

metü na(šidar kemeyü egündür ed adu(usun

abubasu nasun[-u tarni] uribasu burqan takibasu em

425
TRANSCRIPTION

èu[n]gla(ulbasu dorm-a a(urbasu dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi

¯irubasu darubasu sayin. debel ed'kebesü mör

(arbasu ber'i ba(ul(abasu üdebesü šimnus-un

qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui. köbegün töröbesü

qaram sedkil yeke amin oqor bolumui. (a¯ar

ködelbesü yeke kii ködelkü. ed adu(usun ¯ibqar-a-

basu isün kümün qula(uyu ünegen metü ma(u erin

abaèiqu baras metü kümün erebesü ber oluyu.

ariyatan-u sünesün na(šidar kemeyü ula(an ¯ögebüri

qaskarqu [=qaškirqu] kemeyü qoyar odun-u düri inu qulu(an-a

metü bui.

Udaribalguni na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün na(šidar

kemeyü. egün-dür burqan takibasu dalal(-a dalalbasu

[28r]

beri ba(ul(abasu saki(ulsun üiledbesü takil ba

abišig talbibasu alaqu nitulquy-yi üiledbesü

ger bayišing qota ¯asabasu ¯i(ulèilabasu

qudda anda bolulèibasu öri abubasu do(šid-un

üile kiged bügüde-dü sayin. em emlebesü tusa

ügei. mal ögbesü debel ed'kebesü ma(u. köbegün

426
TRANSCRIPTION

töröbesü ša(šabad tegüldür boluyu degedü töröl-

tür töröyü. (a¯ar ködelbesü ülü alèaqu

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu oyir-a bui. qurim dotor-a kešig

tasulqu na(šidar kemeyü qoyar odun-u düri inu

ildün metü bui.

Qasta na(šidar kemebesü qurdun yabu(èi na(šidar

kemeyü. egün-dür burqan takibasu dalal(-a dalalbasu

qudda anda bolulèibasu morin sur(abasu mör

(arbasu nasun bütügebesü dayisun-dur ¯ol(obasu

qarši-yi nomo(odqabasu engküri köbegün-i te¯igebesü

qudaldubasu buq-a talbibasu debel ed'kebesü

sayin. beri ba(ul(abasu ger bosqabasu iši

ü¯igülbesü ma(u. ed mal ¯ibqarabasu narin

bo(ol ma(u sedke¯ü kümün-dür (ar(a¯u ögbe

köbegün töröbesü erke okin töröbesü qula(ayièi

ba ar(-a ¯ali yeke-dü bui. (a¯ar ködelbesü

kümün-dür ma(u bui. erlig-ün èinu-a güikü na(šidar

kemeyü. tabun odun-u düri inu (ar metü bui.

Jayitari na(šidar-tur šim[n]us bütügebesü nasun[-u tarni]

uribasu dalal(-a dalalbasu erketen-i nomo(odqabasu

427
TRANSCRIPTION

[28v]

ger ed'kebesü ebedèin-ü kümün saki(ulsun üiledbesü

qurimlabasu öèügüked-ün eliy-e darubasu debel ed'kebesü

em èungla(ulbasu sayin bui. okin ögbesü beri

ba(ul(abasu burqan takibasu üker sur(abasu

ükügsed-ün yasun (ar(abasu tüliši ögbesü

bo(ol qudaldubasu ma(u bui. köbegün töröbesü

taèiyang(ui yeke na(adum èinggeldüküi-dür duratai

bolumui. (a¯ar ködelbesü urad-dur ma(u. ed mal

¯ibqarabasu doron-a ¯üg-ün (urban kümün qula(uyu

ülü oldayu. ükübesü erlig-üd-ün udusq-a bui

nigen odun-u düri inu bata metü bui.

Suvadi na(šidar kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi

na(šidar bui. egün-dür suu ¯ali-yu(an takibasu

dalal(-a dalalbasu tariyan taribasu burqan-i

takibasu egüdügsen isün tngri-yi uribasu

ya(un ba abubasu sarid [=šarid] deledbesü abišig abubasu

šin-e ger-dür orobasu bièig bièibesü èang

kengger'ge deledbesü šidar tatabasu šin-e debel

emüsbesü em èungla(ulbasu sayin bui. qurimlabasu

em-e abubasu kümün ükübesü mör (arbasu ma(u.

428
TRANSCRIPTION

köbegün töröbesü dayisun olan bolu(ad ebedèitü

bolumui. (a¯ar ködelbesü altaèin-a ma(u bui. degerükei

sedkilten ükümüi. ed mal ¯ibqarabasu önöèin

kümün qula(uyu darui oldayu. tngri-yin (a¯ar-a

ra(šis-un o(talda(san na(šidar kemeyü dörben

odun-u düri inu jindamuni metü bui.

[29r]

Šuša( na(šidar kemebesü (ada(adu Kitad-un

na(šidar bui. egün-dür ¯a(al morin sur(abasu

eliy-e-yi darubasu öri ögbesü debel ed'kebesü

beri abubasu u(tubasu dalal(-a dalalbasu

¯i(ulèilabasu quda anda bolulèibasu öl¯i

qutu( oroši(ulbasu qota ¯asabasu tariyan

taribasu mör (arbasu sayin bui. mal (ada(ši

(ar(abasu ükügsen kümün-dür tüliši ögbesü

ma(u. köbegün töröbesü dayisun-i daruyu kümün-e

ergügdekü seèin bolu(ad sedkil inu batu. ükübesü

degedü töröl-<y>i oluyu. (a¯ar ködelbesü tariyan

elbeg bolqu. ed mal ¯ibqarabasu ülü oldayu

ada todqor èi(ul'qu-yin na(šidar kemeyü dörben

429
TRANSCRIPTION

odun-u düri a(ula metü. emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un

dolo(an na(šidar anu tegüsbe.

Anurad na(šidar-tur mör (arbasu ¯i(ulèilabasu

ür-e saèubasu do(šid-un üile üiledbesü

dalal(-a abubasu saki(ulsun üiledbesü

dayisun-dur ¯ol(obasu burqan-i takibasu

¯oèid-i kündülebesü debel eskebesü dayisun-i

daruqu üiles-i üiledbesü sayin bui. ükügsen-

tür tüliši ögbesü okin ögbesü beri abubasu

qurimlabasu èerig mordobasu ma(ui. köbegün töröbesü

šagšabad tegülder nom-dur tegüs ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui.

(a¯ar ködelbesü sayin bui. ed adu(usun ¯ibqarabasu

umara ¯üg-ün dolo(an kümün qula(uyu dolo(an

[29v]

edür-dü oldayu belbesün em-e kümün bükü (a¯ar

bariqu na(šidar kemeyü. ¯ir(u(an odun-u

düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui.

Èista na(šidar kemebesü šim[n]us-un na(šidar bui

egün-dür dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu nasun[-u tarni] uribasu

qutu( oroši(ulbasu ür-e saèubasu öri

430
TRANSCRIPTION

abubasu èereg mordobasu ¯ar(u qa(alabasu

sayin bui. burqan takibasu dayisun-dur ¯ol(obasu

adu(usun ba okin ögbesü abubasu ükügsen-dür

buyan üiledbesü dorm-a o(orbasu mör (arbasu

debel ed'kebesü kümün ükübesü ma(u bui. köbegün

töröbesü amin nasun oqor bolqu. toyin bolbasu

ša(šabad-iyan ebdekü öröšiyekü sedkelügegüü

boluyu. (a¯ar ködelbesü a(ula ebderemüi. ed mal

¯ibqarabasu ge¯igen-dür tögenetü kümün qula(uyu

umara ¯üg-eèe ire¯ü abaèiyu dolo(an edür-e oldayu.

do(šid-un sedkil (angqui na(šidar kemeyü. (urban

odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan metü bui.

Mul na(šidar kemebesü alban-u [=albin-u] na(šidar bui. egündür

amidu ba ükügsen qoyar-un üile-dür sayin

burqan takibasu buyan ¯oli( ögbesü dalal(-a dalalbasu

mal qudaldubasu ür-e saèubasu eyetüldübesü beri

ba(ul(abasu qudaldu kibesü ger baribasu mör

(arbasu degerme odbasu ¯i(ulèilabasu sayin bui.

debel ed'kebesü öri ögbesü šin-e ger abubasu

ma(u. köbegün töröbesü eèige inu üküyü. ösügsen

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TRANSCRIPTION

[30r]

qoyin-a (a¯ar-ta(an ülü aqu bui. (a¯ar ködelbesü

usun širgeyü busud-dur ma(u. ed mal ¯ibqarabasu

umara ¯üg-ün aq-a degüü qoyar kümün qula(uyu

(a(èa(ar toyin ¯i(a¯u öggümüi. quya( emüs'küi

na(šidar kemeyü (urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü

qan-u terigün-ü üsün metü bui.

Burvasad na(šidar kemebesü erketen-ü na(šidar bui

busud-i takibasu nasun[-u tarni] uribasu degedüs-<y>i kündülebesü

ed mal abubasu šarid deledbesü subur(-a bosqabasu

dalal(-a dalalbasu ekil [=ekin] eribesü luus-un qad (a¯ar-un

e¯id-i ¯asabasu isün ¯üil tariyan-i ¯anèibasu okin

ögbesü ber'i abubasu küü sang-un ger bosqabasu

ner-e ögbesü tariyan taribasu aq-a kümün-ü üiles-dür

sayin. temdegtü adu(usun ögbesü mör (arbasu

debel ed'kebesü kümün ükübesü ma(u. köbegün

töröbesü bayan bolu(ad ögligèi nom-dur duritu

boluyu. ükübesü degedü töröl oluyu. (a¯ar ködelbesü

[n]ilq-a keü ba èai qudalduèin-a ma(u bui. dörben

odun-u düri inu segül metü bui.

Udarisad na(šidar-tur burqan-i takibasu em

432
TRANSCRIPTION

èungla(ulbasu ber'i ba(ul(abasu öri abubasu

tarni uribasu dalal(-a dalalbasu baèa( abubasu

tariyan taribasu debel eskebesü mör (arbasu

¯arudasun qudaldubasu sayin. ür-e tariyan ögbesü

yasun (ar(abasu tüliši ögbesü ma(ui. köbegün töröbesü

bayan bolu(ad yeke beligtü [=biligtü] amitan-a tuslamui. (a¯ar

[30v]

ködelbesü öl¯i qutu( tegüsèü ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui

tüšimed erdeni bolqu na(šidar bui. tabun odun-u

düri inu ¯a(an metü bui

Abiji na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün na(šidar bui

egün-dür beri ba(ul(abasu ger baribasu ¯asabasu

öèügüked-ün eliy-e darubasu tariyan saèubasu debel

ed'kebesü quda anda bolbasu okin ögbesü mör

(arbasu sayin bui. kereg ¯asal üiledbesü tüliši

ögbesü bombo-nardur ma(u. kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu

qargis qari(ulbasu ma(u. köbegün töröbesü buyan

tegüsümüi. (a¯ar ködelbesü yeke arad toyin-nar-a

ma(u. ed mal ¯ibqarabasu umara ¯üg-ün usun eteged-

eèe kümün ire¯ü qula(uyu darui-dur eribesü oldayu

433
TRANSCRIPTION

ükül-ün na(šidar bui. dörben odun-u düri inu

erdeni morin metü bui.

Širvan na(šidar kemebesü basar belèid-ün na(šidar bui

egündür èi(ul(alabasu (a¯ar baribasu ¯i(ulèilabasu

morin dobtulbasu beri ba(ul(abasu tngri-nerün èoga-yi

üiledbesü öèügüked-ün eliy-e darubasu dayisun-dur

¯ol(obasu ükügsed-dür buyan üiledbesü tariyan-u

ebesün tegübesü sayin bui. mör (arbasu debel ed'kebesü

ger baribasu do(šid-un üile üiledbesü ma(u bui.

köbegün töröbesü em-e-lüge-ben ülü ¯okildun bo(o¯u ükümüi.

köbegün-i saki(èi köbegün-i bey-e-yi turši modun-

iyar èime¯ü doron-a emün-e (arbasu sayin. (a¯ar

ködelbesü šastir medegèid-e ma(u. ed mal

[31r]

¯ibqarabasu emün-e ¯üg-ün dörben kümün qula(uyu

dolo(an edür oldayu. (urban odun[-u] düri inu

¯a(an-u terigün metü bui. örön-e ¯üg-ün

altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegüsbe.

Tanista na(šidar-tur mör (arbasu burqan

434
TRANSCRIPTION

takibasu ada(usun-u sür dalalbasu qola ba

oyir-a odbasu erdem sur(abasu öri abubasu

morin qudaldubasu aqu kümün-ü aliba üiled-dür

sayin bui. ükügsen kümün-dü buyan üiledbesü

debel ed'kebesü beri ba(ul(abasu eremdeg-dür

ada(usun ögbesü isün ¯üil tariyan (ada(ši

ögbesü ma(u. köbegün töröbesü mungqa( böged

usun-dur ükükü ¯aya(atu bui. (a¯ar ködelbesü

adu(usun-dur ma(u. ed mal ¯ibqarabasu emün-e

¯üg-ün kümün abuba. dörben odun-u düri

vaèir metü bui.

Sadabis na(šidar-tur aliba ol¯a eribesü

ötegü ükügsen-ü gerte-eèe morin qudaldubasu

dalal(-a dalalbasu morin sur(abasu kümün-i

erke-dür-iyen oro(ulbasu quda anda eribesü

diyan-u üile üiledbesü na(adun èinggeldün

¯ir(abasu saki(ulsun biy-e-dür-iyen bišil(abasu

okin ögbesü sayin bui. eremdeg ebügen emegen ba.

bandi bombo kümün-e temdegtü mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu

debel ed'kebesü emüsbesü ma(u bui. köbegün

töröbesü qaram yeke biligtü taèiyang(ui ügei

435
TRANSCRIPTION

öèügüken sedkil-dü boluyu. (a¯ar ködelbesü

adu(usun törögülten-dür ma(u bui. qoyar odun-u

düri inu ürgül¯i seèig metü bui.

Burvabadaribad na(šidar-tur beri ba(ul(abasu

ed mal abubasu èireg degerm-e odbasu dayisun

daruqu üiles üiledbesü qutu( oroši(ulbasu

aliba üile ekilebesü qudaldulèibasu qudda

anda bolulèibasu ugiyaqui èoga üiledbesü

ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu ol¯a eribesü burqan-

[31v]

dur aliba takil üiledbesü qurimlabasu mör

(arbasu ger baribasu sayin. debel ed'kebesü

mal adu(usun ögbesü dalal(-a dalalbasu morin

dobtulbasu ma(u kümün töröbesü yeke beligtü [=biligtü] bolumui

(a¯ar ködelbesü usun elbeg bol¯u amitan usun-dur

ükümüi. ed mal ¯ibqarabasu qula(ayièi-yin

aèi inu ¯i(a¯u öggümüi. qoyin-a (arqu

qoyar odun-u düri inu tergen metü bui.

Udarbadaribad na(šidar-tur subur(-a bosqabasu

to(-a to(alabasu ögdešiküy-yin takil ögbesü em

436
TRANSCRIPTION

èun[g]la(ulbasu buyan ¯oli( üiledbesü öèügüked-ün

eliy-e-[y]i darubasu beri ba(ul(abasu (al takil

takibasu ariki eskebesü [=iskebesü] dalal(-a dalalbasu

yampar ba üiles üiledbesü sayin. dayisun-i

kesegeküi mandal egüdbesü morin ögbesü ol¯a

eribesü qudaldubasu qurimlabasu mör (arbasu

ma(u. köbegün okin töröbesü mungqa( ba

qulu(ayièi bolumui. (a¯ar ködelbesü barama

i¯a(ur-tan-a ma(ui. qoyar odun-u düri

inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui.

Rivad’i na(šidar-tur ger baribasu tul(-a tulbasu

beri ba(ul(abasu buyan qurim üiledbesü em

èu[n]gla(ulbasu süm-e baribasu küriy-e deledbesü

èi(ul(an eyetübesü ol¯a eribesü elèi ¯arubasu

morin qudaldubasu qurimlabasu üker abubasu

qoni yama(-a sürüglebesü erdem sur(abasu qariyal

kibesü dorm-a o(orbasu (urbal¯in mandal

egüdbesü nomo(odqaqui üile üiledbesü

¯iruqai to(alabasu yasun (ar(abasu mör

(arbasu köbegün töröbesü sayin bui. öri ba

ed mal ögbesü okin üdebesü kümün ükübesü

437
TRANSCRIPTION

debel ed'kebesü ma(u. (a¯ar ködelbesü ar(-a

beligten [=biligten] öber ¯a(uraban ebderemü. emegen-ü

sünesün na(šidar (uèin qoyar odun düri inu

ong(uèa metü bui.

[32r]

Ašuvani na(šidar-tur šin-e debel ¯okiyabasu

qurimlabasu nir[a]i-dur ner-e ögbesü qayinu(

qudaldubasu beri ba(ul(abasu mal ögbesü

abubasu ¯i(ulèilabasu burqan takibasu to(osq-a

¯ergelebesü dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu möndür

oro(ulbasu una(an sur(abasu tarni uribasu

em èungla(ulbasu adu(usun s[ü]rüglebesü

quda anda bolulèibasu ür-e saèubasu dalal(-a

dalalbasu buyan üiledbesü ükügsen kümün-dür

buyan üiledbesü ükül-ün segül tasulbasu

subur(-a bosqabasu modun taribasu ger negübesü

sayin. keregür bolbasu ma(u. köbegün töröbesü

ebedèinügei nasun urtu bolqu. (a¯ar

ködelbesü tngri šim[n]us èögen bolumui.

(urban odun[-u] düri inu morin terigün metü bui.

438
TRANSCRIPTION

Barani na(šidar kemebesü tul(-a-yin (urban

köl metü bui. egün-dür qa(al(-a ba usun

tegerme bosqabasu èoga kibesü (adquldubasu

èireg ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu erdem sur(abasu

bièig ungšibasu qota deledbesü öri

ögbesü belbesün em-e abubasu ¯adalabasu

eliy-e darubasu dayisun[-u] ner-e-yi ¯irubasu ma(u.

do(šid-un üiles ba abalabasu debel ed'kebesü

sayin. mör (arbasu kümün-ü yasun bulabasu

ma(u. köbegün töröbesü alalduqui nitulqui-

tur duritu. sedkil inu ma(u. qoyin-a tamu-dur

unamu. (a¯ar ködelbesü nara sara ükübesü

ma(ad qula(an-a ma(u bui. (urban odun-u

düri inu lingquu-a metü bui

umara ¯üg-ün usun-u dolo(an na(šidar tegüsbe.

Enedk[e]g-ün keleber. na(šidar-a sam-a yogibani..

Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang

ildanbala kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab]: mong(olèilbasu

odun gara(-lu(-a tegüs<s>ügsen-e mörgümüi.

[32v]

439
TRANSCRIPTION

sadhu kemeged ¯arli( bolurun. ai okin ken

buyu. aqui (a¯ar èinu qami(-a bui. ya(un èidamu

kemen asa(u(san-dur tere okin ügülerün. bi

tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun buyu. bi

tngri-yi kelbeyilgen èidamui. (a¯ar-<y>i tübšidken

èidamu. dayisun-i qari(ulun èidamu qa(urai

(a¯arèa usun (ar(an èidamu. qada èila(un-

aèa modun (ar(an èidamu. ügegüü kümün-i bayan

bol(an èidamu. qa(an basa asa(urun ai okin

èi biy-e èinu öèüken bögetel-e ker yeke üge

ügülemüi. teyin bögesü minu odun ali bui

kemebesü. okin qari(uu ügüler-ün. qa(an

biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad. tas

ödütü sumun-dur isün ¯üil öngge-dü

keb-üd-i uya¯u eldeb idegen kiged takil

beledèü talbi(ad tngri (a¯ar-<y>i taki. gara(

ba yabuqui odun bügüde-yi ¯i(a¯u ögsügei

bi kemebe. qa(an sonosu(ad uridu yosu(ar

darui takil-<y>i beledèü asa(ur-un. ai okin

tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali

Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi odun

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TRANSCRIPTION

ali bui. dumda büküi-yi to(orin yabu(èi odun

ali bui. a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(èi odun

ali bui. okin qari(uu ügüler-ün Jagarvar-un

qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun

kiged Vim-a neretü qoyar odun bui. Sümber

a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi <m>odun mön uridu

qoyar odun terigülen ¯ir(u(an qadu(ur odun

ba. tngri-yin noqai ba. Modun odun kiged orgil-

iyar to(orimui. Sümber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-

iyar Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ekilen qorin naiman

odun ba. nara sara kiged isün gara( ba.

èa( möèe-yi bari(èi (uèin qoyar okin

tngri ba. yeke öèüken odun bügüde dumda(ur-a

to(orimui. door-a to(ori(èi arban qoyar

[33r]

sara-dur nigen ¯il. nigen ¯il-dür (urban ¯a(un

¯iran edür bui. dolo(an ¯a(un qorin èa( bui.

nigen edür-dü nigen ¯il bui. öèüken ¯il-lu(-a [=¯il-lüge]

ni¯iged odun bui. ni¯iged gara( bui. ni¯iged

gara(-lu(-a ni¯iged èa( bari(èi bui. arban tabun

441
TRANSCRIPTION

odun bügüde door-a to(orimui. qa(an basa

asa(urun odun-u terigün ali bui. odud-un

sayin ma(u qa(al(-a ali bui. tngri-yin egüüde

ali bui. (a¯ar-un egüüde ali bui kemebesü

basa okin qari(u ügüler-ün. odud-un terigün

Kerteg bui. sayin egüüde mön Kerteg bui. ma(u

egüüde Barani buyu. tngri-yin egüüde mön

Kerteg buyu. (a¯ar-un egüüde mön Barani kemebe.

basa qa(an asa(urun (al-un galab bol(a(èi

odun ali bui. usun-u galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui

kiy-yin galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui kemebesü

okin qari(uu ügüler-ün (al-un galab bol(a(èi

Barani bui. usun galab bol(a(èi Jayitari bui. key-yin

galab bol(a(èi Burnavasu buyu kemebe. basa qa(an

asa(urun. nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun

ali bui. nigen gegün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui.

nigen üker-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui. nigen

qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui. ügegüü

kümün-i bayan bol(a(èi odun ali bui. bayan kümün-i

ügegüregülegèi odun ali bui. qurim-dur kešig

tasulu(èi odun ali bui. šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i]

442
TRANSCRIPTION

tüimeriddügèi odun ali bui. nigen betegüü [=bitegüü] tariyan-i

¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi odun ali bui. ür-e

ügei kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun ali bui

(uyiranèi kümün-dür altan ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali bui.

èi(ul(an-dur ol¯a ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali bui.

ma(ui arad-i sayid-un ¯erge-dür oro(ulu(èi

odun ali bui. qan kümün-i ür-e alda(ulu(èi

[odun] ali bui. èinu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi

odun ali bui. tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ura(ulu(èi

[33v]

odun ali bui. ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin

¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi odun ali bui. ma(ui

udusq-a ma(ui üiles ügegüü duta(uu bol(a(èi

odun ali bui. kemebesü okin qari(uu ügülerün.

nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Suvadi buyu. nigen

gegün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Burvabadaribad buyu. nigen

üker-<y>i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Rôkini buyu. nigen qonin-i

¯a(un bol(a(èi Asli( buyu. nigen bitegüü tariyan-i

¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi Rivad'i buyu. ügegüü

kümün-i bayan bol(a(èi Mul buyu. bayan kümün-i

443
TRANSCRIPTION

ügegürigülügèi Rôkini buyu. balai kümün-i nidüt[e]i

bol(a(èi Anurad buyu. kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin

¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi Tanis buyu.

èi(ul(an-dur ol¯a ol(a(ulu(èi Burvasad buyu.

qurim-dur kešig tasulu(èi Burvabalguni buyu

takir no(èi kümün-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(èi

Mig buyu. ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un ¯erge-dür

oro(ulu(èi Qasta buyu. šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i]

(al-dur tüimeriddügèi Rivadi buyu ba(ši

kümün-i èidker-<y>i bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi

Burnavasu buyu. èinu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi

Udaribadaribad buyu. qan kümün-i ür-e-yi

alda(ulu(èi Margišar buyu. tüšimed-ün ¯erge-

eèe ba(ur(ulu(èi Abaji buyu. ma(ui udusq-a

ma(ui üile ügegüü duta(uu bol(a(èi Barani buyu

kemebe. basa okin ügülerün ¯ir(u(an qada(ur

odun-dur mese buu barii. Vim-a neretü qatun

¯üge iši buu ü¯igül. miqaèi ¯a(an-dur yasun

buu (ar(-a. tngri-yin èi(ta(-a-dur dalal(-a buu

dalal. dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a-dur sang-un

egüüde buu nege. örön-e doron-a èi(ta(-a-dur

444
TRANSCRIPTION

ber'i buu ba(ul(-a. èo(tu yeke ¯a(an-dur

tariyan buu tari. yeke amatu sön-e-dür

morin buu dobtul. kemebesü. qa(an teden

alimad bui kemen asa(ubasu okin qari(uu

[34r]

ügülerün ¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu.

èereg mordobasu eseregü teseregü ügüleldüyü

Vim-a neretü qatun Qasta buyu. tegündür iši

buu ü¯igül. ü¯igülbesü qoyin-a ülü töröyü

miqaèi ¯a(an Jayitari buyu tegündür yasun

buu (ar(-a (ar(abasu ükül-ün segül ülü

tasuriyu. tngri-yin èi(ta(-a Èista buyu tegün-e

burqan takibasu dalal(-a dalalbasu darui-dur

qoor qomsa boluyu. dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu]

tama(-a Udarisad buyu tegündür tariyan buu

ög. ögbesü sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu.

örön-e doron-a-yin èi(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu tegün-e

beri buu ba(ul(a okin buu ög. èo(tu yeke

¯a(an Mig buyu tegündür tariyan taribasu

üker üküyü. amatu sön-e Burvabadaribad

445
TRANSCRIPTION

buyu. tegündür morin buu dobtul. morin üküyü.

yerü ür-e tasulu(èi Mul buyu buyan kešig

ebderegülügèi Burvasad buyu. nigen em-e-yi isün

er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad buyu. nigen

qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi

Abiji buyu. qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun

(ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu. ai qa(an narin-a

ü¯e¯ü gün-e ono¯u medegdeküi.

dötüger arban qoyar ¯ilün sayin ma(u-yi

ügülesügei.

Qulu(an-a edür iro-a buu ü¯e. dayisun-

lu(-a buu (adquldu šilige buu (ar(a. öri

buu ög. šin-e debel buu eske buu emüs.

kerbe emüsbesü qulu(an-a qa¯ayu. qudaldu

kibesü buyan üiledbesü ger baribasu degerem

qula(ai yabubasu sayin. ula(an debel buu ed’ke

buu emüs.

Üker edür qudaldu keyibesü aši( ügei.

ger baribasu beri ba(ul(abasu amin saki(ulsun

üiledbesü bal(asun deledbesü sayin. köbegün-dür

ger baribasu köbegün aèinar-i öber-e sal(abasu

446
TRANSCRIPTION

[34v]

beri-yin amin oqor boluyu. èerig buu morda.

Üker kemebesü yeke kölge-yi orèi(ulqu edür

buyu. ula(an altatu debel buu emüs buu ed'ke.

šin-e mala(-a buu emüs

Baras edür burqan buu taki. takibasu burqan-u

e¯in mese-dür üküyü. modun buu o(tol.

ügegürekü ma(u edür bui. qota bal(asun èimebesü

dayisun-dur ¯ol(obasu buyan ¯oli( ögbesü

(al-un takil takibasu do(šid-un üiles-dür

sayin. eriyen debel buu ed'ke. buu emüs.

Taulai edür qan oron-a sa(ubasu degedüs-<y>i

kündülebesü bošu( abubasu morin sur(abasu

em ¯okiyabasu sayin. nutu( buu ü¯e. erketü

(a¯ar buu könde. köndebesü luus-un qad-un ebedèin

kürteyü. möndür buu oro(ul. sada(-a buu ög.

törö buu bari. baribasu ebdereyü. ¯oli(

qari(ulul buu üiled (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un

qad-un ada adalamui. no(o(an debel buu

ed'ke buu emüs.

447
TRANSCRIPTION

Luu edür nom nomlabasu èang kenggerge

deledbesü. büriy-e tatabasu (al-un takil

üiledbesü èidköd-<y>i nomo(odqabasu

nasun bütügebesü dalal(-a dalalbasu do(šid-un

tarni uribasu dayisun-a ¯ol(abasu qutu(

oroši(ulbasu sayin. buu ukila öni ülü

usadqu. qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu. qa(uèin

debel buu tan-a [=tanu]. ebderegsen ger buu selbi::

Mo(ai edür (a¯ar-un e¯in-i takibasu nutu(

ularibasu mal ögbesü aman aldabasu tarni

uribasu uduri(ulbasu abubasu burqan

takibasu (a¯ar usun-aèa ekin eribesü sayin.

öl¯i qutu(tu edür bui beri buu ba(ul(-a.

ba(ul<a>(abasu qa(aèamui. ese bögesü ür-e inu

ülü bayimui. bulaši buu bula. èidköd-<y>i buu

daru(ul. qara debel buu ed'ke buu emüs.

Morin edür debel ed'kebesü altan maltabasu.

[35r]

naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu temeèildübesü

ger negüübesü maši sayin. ¯i(ulèilabasu

448
TRANSCRIPTION

yabudal uda(an bolqu. morin dobtulbasu

morin inu üküyü. ese bögesü emegel qa(arayu

šin-e ger baribasu okin ögbesü aliba öri

ögbesü em èungla(ulbasu ma(u. qara debel

buu ed'ke buu emüs.

Qonin edür burqan takibasu a¯ar(-a buur-a

buq-a quèa talbibasu nom bièibesü

ungšibasu bal(asun deledbesü köbegün-e

ger baribasu okin ögbesü qonièin-i eribesü

sayin. em buu èungla(ul. èereg mordobasu

ger negüübesü ma(u. qas debel buu ed'ke

buu emüs.

Beèin edür ger negüübesü beri abubasu modun

taribasu šin-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu ol¯a

eribesü èang kenggerge deledbesü na(addun

na(adbasu buyan ¯oli( ögbesü èi(ul(an

èi(ulbasu sayin. debel ba ger ed'kebesü

e¯in inu ükükü ma(u. šara debel buu ed'ke

buu emüs.

Takiy-a edür buyan üiledbesü (al takil takibasu

engküri köbegün-i te¯igebesü ¯i(ulèilabasu

449
TRANSCRIPTION

ger negüübesü. mör (arbasu em èungla(ulbasu

sayin. èi(ul(an buu èi(ul. qurimlabasu

ger baribasu ma(u. ala( debel buu ed’ke

buu emüs altan buu sürèi.

Noqai edür üile baribasu ¯i(ulèilabasu

èereg mordabasu burqan takibasu degerm-e

odbasu köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü okin ögbesü

ner-e eribesü tngri (a¯ar-<y>i takibasu öèig

öèibesü (adquldubasu sayin. ger negüübesü

šin-e beri abubasu ma(u. èa(an debel buu

ed'ke buu emüs.

[35v]

'aqai edür daru(ulquy-yin üiles üiledbesü

rdovarm-a a(urbasu do(šid-un üiles üiledbesü

bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu qadatu (a¯ar-

tur taribasu qadan-dur ger baribasu

qari(ulqu-yin üile üiledbesü sayin.

ükügsen kümün-i [=kümün-ü] yasun (ar(abasu kegüür

oroši(ulbasu okin beri ögbesü engküri

èidköd-i nomo(odqabasu ma(u. no(o(an

450
TRANSCRIPTION

debel buu ed'ke buu emüs.

arban qoyar e¯in anu. Kitad üsüg-dür.

¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi.

èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui.

mong(ol üsüg-dür

e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi

to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi

bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen

ungšimui.

¯an e¯ilegèi edür ger ¯asabasu mör (arbasu

ong(od-i takibasu bièig-dür orobasu noyad

isanglaqu busud-iyar ¯i(ulèilabasu noyad

iši-dür ¯ol(obasu sayin. (a¯ar ülü köndekü

sang ülü negekü šin-e ba qa(uèin

ong(oèa mörin-e buu oro(ul buu getülge. ede

üiles-dür ma(u.

èuu aril(a(èi edür tngri ong(od-i takibasu

amin saki(ulsun üile üiledbesü ger baribasu

¯ašabasu [=¯asabasu] mör (arbasu adu(usun sürüg

sal(abasu qudaldu aril¯a kibesü mal šin-e

451
TRANSCRIPTION

kebtešin-e kebtegülbesü. otaèi-yin em

nidübesü ebedèin bari(ulbasu ger-dür

yamparba kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü modun

èièig taribasu em ¯asal èungla(ulbasu

(al takibasu üküger-ün sünesün tülebesü

sayin bui. ülü negükü ma(u bui.

[36r]

man dügürügèi edür ger ¯asabasu debel

ed'kebesü nom bièibesü modun èièig

taribasu tama(-a èi(ul(abasu šin-e ger-

tür orobasu sang negebesü öglige

ögbesü abubasu amin-u saki(ulsun

üiledbesü šin-e körge tatabasu quddu(

nüke butegen [=bütegen] bulabasu ede üiles-dür sayin

(a¯ar köndebesü qola (a¯ar-a qudaldu

odbasu em uu(ubasu ger negüübesü ma(u.

ping tübšidkegèi edür mör (arbasu ger

tergen ¯asabasu kibesü büribesu ger

dotor-a yampar qa(uèin bara(an bürin-e

452
TRANSCRIPTION

¯asabasu sayin. usun suba( tatabasu

tariyan taribasu debel ed'kebesü nom bièibesü

ma(u bui.

ding to(ta(èi edür nom-dur orobasu debel

ed'kebesü tngri ong(od-i takibasu okin

bo(talabasu (uyubasu kegüken abun

neyilèikilbesü adu(usun sal(an sürüglebesü

mal ögbesü a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu

qudaldu kibesü sayin. ¯ar(u buu sonos buu

¯i(-a. mör (arbasu tariyan taribasu ma(u bui.

gi saki(èi edür amin-u ¯oli( saki(ulsun

üiledbesü tngri ong(od-i takibasu qa(an-a

tatal(-a bièig oro(ulbasu köbegün okin-i

neyièilebesü ab’labasu buliyan qula(ayièin-i

getebesü ¯i(asun (okilabasu bièig

abulèibasu sayin. šin-e ger-dür orobasu

negüübesü mör (arbasu ger-dür-iyen qaribasu

küü sang negebesü. šin-e ong(oèa usun-a

oro(ulbasu öglige ögbesü adu(usun-i

šin-e kebtešin-dür kebtegülbesü ma(u bui.

pô ebdegèi. edür otaèi-yi erin ebedèin-i

453
TRANSCRIPTION

ü¯igülbesü qa(uèin ger ebdebesü em

nidübesü qula(ayièi kümün-i erigülbesü

¯isa(labasu sayin (a¯ar köndebesü mör

[36v]

(arbasu erkeèi iribasu ger negübesü

tariyan taribasu šin-e ong(oèa usun-a

oro(ulbasu okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu

(al takibasu mal šin-e kebtešin-e

kebtegülbesü ma(u bui.

üi tü[g]šigèi edür amin-u saki(ulsun

üiledbesü qa(an-a tatal(-a bièig oro(ulbasu

okin bo(talabasu (uyubasu ab’labasu šin-e

širigen oro ¯asabasu qudaldu kibesü

mal šin-e kebtešin-e kebtegülbesü sayin

modun o(talun negübesü ong(oèa yabu(ul-

basu ma(u bui.

èeng bütügèi edür tngri ong(od-i takibasu

amin ¯oli( saki(ulsun üiledbesü debel

ed'kebesü okin bo(talabasu qa(an-a tatal(-a

bièig oro(ulbasu ger büribesü mal-i öber-e

454
TRANSCRIPTION

sal(abasu a(ur tegerme bosqabasu bièig

abulèibasu ebedèin-i ¯asabasu qa(uèin ger

¯asabasu tariyan seèig taribasu mör (arbasu

šin-e gertür orobasu nigen ger-ün bara(an-i

nököge gerte ¯okiyabasu beri ba(ul(abasu

öglige ögbesü ašiglabasu kümün-e adu(usun

ögbesü yerüde sayin. ¯a(aldubasu ma(u bui.

šiu quriya(èi edür buliyan qula(ai getebesü

abalabasu (adan-a-aèa bara(an oro(ulbasu

ger tergen ¯asabasu tariyan èièig taribasu

tngri ong(od-i takibasu bièig-dür orobasu

em-e abubasu sang-un ger bosqabasu ¯i(asun

šigürdebesü kümün-e ed mal ögbesü aši(

öri abubasu sayin. qa(uèin üküger-ün yasun

¯asabasu burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool

¯irüken oro(ulbasu mör (arbasu tögenebesü

¯inglebesü nom bièig bièibesü èi(ul(an

èi(ulbasu ma(u bui.

ke negegèi edür amin ¯oli( saki(ulsun

üiledbesü tngri-yi takibasu qa(an-a bièig

455
TRANSCRIPTION

[37r]

oro(ulbasu bièig-dür orobasu debel ed'kebesü

okin bo(talabasu ab’labasu ger tergen bosqabasu

suba( tatabasu quddu(-tur orobasu a(ur

tegerm-e bosqabasu mal sürüglebesü qudaldu

keyibesü ger ¯asabasu küü sang negebesü tariyan

taribasu noyan iši ¯ol(abasu aliba üiles

üiledbesü šin-e ger-dür orobasu negübesü em-e

abubasu ebedèin baribasu (a¯ar köndebesü sayin.

(a¯ar ködelbesü qudaldu kibesü sarayin

šinede ma(u bui.

bi qa(a(èi edür amin ¯oli( saki(ulsun

üiledbesü tngri ong(od-i takibasu köbegün

okin neyièilebesü qudaldu kibesü adu(usun-i

sürüglebesü öglige ögbesü abubasu ger

tergen ¯asabasu (a¯ar köndebesü quddu( nüke

bulabasu tariyan modun taribasu üküger-ün

abdara kibesü oron-u širige baribasu sayin.

tögenebesü ¯inglebesü em nidübesü (al

takibasu mör (arbasu šin-e ger-dür orobasu

negübesü ma(u bui.

456
TRANSCRIPTION

basa nigen eketü qota bal(asun bariqu sayin

edür kemebesü. Mig Burvabalguni Udaribalguni

Burvasad Udarisad Sadabis Udaribadaribad

enen-e sayin Saran. Usun Modun Altan odud

sayin. Üker Qonin edür sayin. qorin tabun sayin

qorin ¯ir(u(an Qubi sar-a ma(u bui.

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu

èola abqu sayin edür kemebesü Qubi sara

Naiman sara sayin. Rôkini Udaribalguni

Udarisad Sadabis sayin. Sara Usun Modun Altan

ede sayin. Taulai edür sayin (urban arban kiged

Üker edür ma(u.

süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü

Kerteg Rôkini Mig Burvabalguni Udaribalguni

[37v]

Burvasad Udarisad Udaribadaribad Rivadi

ede sayin. Saran Usun Modun Altan odud

sayin. dolo(an šin-e arban naiman qorin

tabun sayin Üker Qonin edür sayin. Morin edür

(urban (urban-du ma(u. Jayitari Suvadi Šuša(

457
TRANSCRIPTION

ma(u. Naran 'al Široi eden-e ma(u bui.

süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu(

oroši(ulqu sayin edür kemebesü Arban nigen

sara-aèa Tabun sara kürtel-e sayin. aliba sarayin

šinein qoyar (urban naiman arban qoyar tabun sayin

odun na(šidar sayin bögesü qa(uèin-dur èu

sayin. arban isün (uèin-a ma(u. Saran

Usun Modun Altan odud sayin. Rôkini

Ardar Bus Udaribalguni Èista Mul Burvasad

Udarisad Širvan Burvabadaribad ede sayin.

basa süm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom

kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin

edür kemebesü. dand’ris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i

qutu( oroši(ulqu kemebesü sarayin šinede

üiledteküi buyu. odun na(šidar uèirabasu

qa(uèin-dur üiledbesü gem ülü bolumui. kemen

nomla(san-u tulada. ündüsün-ü yosu(ar qutu(

oroši(ulqui-dur sarayin šin-e inu Qubi Qoyar

'urban Dörben Tabun Kögeler ede sarada naran

umara ¯üg odqui ¯ir(u(an sara sayin bui.

šinein qoyar (urban naiman arban qoyar tabun ede

458
TRANSCRIPTION

edür sayin. qorin isün (uèin-a ma(u bui.

na(šidar-un sayin inu Burvasad Rôkini Širvan

Udaribalguni Ardar Èista Mul Bus Udarisad

Udaribadaribad ede odun edür qutu( oroši(ulbasu

amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan keš[i]g nemeyü.

Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui. Mul

Abiji qoyar-du ¯arli( nom medekü bolumui

Ardar-dür buyan keš[i]g sayitur nemeyü. Rôkini-

tur busud-i ilaqui ba Margašar-dur amu(ulang

[38r]

nuta bolumui. Burvasad Udarisad-dur köbegün

aèinar olan bolumui. Udaribadaribad-dur

adistid yeke bolumui. Anurad-du degedü

šidi olqu boluyu.

basa gara( odun-u sayin inu Saran Usun Modun

eden-e qutu( oroši(ulbasu degedü amu(ulang

bolu(ad qamu( küsel bütümüi. Naran 'al Široi

ede-dür adu(usun-dur qoor qorom¯i yeke boluyu

basa edür-ün odun-u sayin uèiral inu šinein (urban

¯ir(u(an dolo(an arban. arban nigen ede edür

459
TRANSCRIPTION

Saran odun bögesü maši sayin. šinein qoyar

dörben naiman arban ede edüd Usun odun maši

sayin šinein ¯ir(u(an dolo(an ede (urban edür-

eèe anggida Altan odun inu bügüdede sayin.

ede sayin odun-dur šitügen-dür qutu( oroši(ul

basu aèi ür-e inu maši yeke bol¯u. abišig

kiged qutu( oroši(ulqu üiles yirtinèü-yin

üiles-dür adali busu bolai.

basa nigen eketü saran-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-

iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an inu yerü

dörben ekin sarayin (urban isün-e èi(ulumui

(urban ¯ir(u(an-a tarqamui. dörben dumdadu

sarayin (urban dolo(an-a èi(ulumui. (urban

naiman tarqamui. dörben eèüs sarayin

(urban tabun-a èi(ulumui. (urban dörben-e

tarqamui. ede èi(ulqui edür aliba do(šin

üiles üiledbesü sayin tegün belge inu

vaèir bui. qariqui edür-ün

belge inu ¯arimda( vaèir bui.

egün-dür do(šin üiles buu üiled.

460
TRANSCRIPTION

basa nigen eketü Mahašuvari tngri kiged

Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-ud> terigüten-

iyer küriyelegül¯ü qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan

tengse¯ü èi(ulqui-dur inu. Qubi sarayin

arban dörben nara ur(uqui èa(-tur.

[38v]

arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui

qoyar sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a söni düli

dörben èa(-iyan-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui.

(urban sarayin qorin qoyar-a söni-yin düli-yin

urida dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui. Dörben sarayin naiman šinede ör

giküi-dür gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui

tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran

mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud qad-iyar

küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui. ¯ir(u(an sarayin

naiman šinede tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud

terigüten bügede Sümber a(ula-yin orgil

deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u Mahašuvari

terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar èinggeldümüi

461
TRANSCRIPTION

taši(ura(san-u tulada ene sarada qariqu

ügei bögetel-e ¯ir(u(an šinede öèüken

èi(ulumui. Dolo(an sarayin qorin tabun-a

ör geyiküi-dür ekiner-ün ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui. Naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin

kürtel-e ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü

nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui. Isün

sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e

naiman ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi

èa(-tur èi(ulumui. arban sarayin arban

dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e ya(šas-un

ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-

tur èi(ulumui. Arban nigen sarayin qorin

qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e erlig-üd-iyer

küriyelegül¯ü edür düli-eèe söni kürtel-e

èi(ulumui. Kögeler sara büküli èi(ulqui

bögetele qorin isün-e söni düli tngri

mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bügüde ba

yeke èi(ul(an buyu. ede edüd (adasun

qadququi. kürdün orèi(ulqui tul(-a

bolqui èisun qadu(ur orkiqui (al

462
TRANSCRIPTION

[39r]

mandal tüleküi möndür oro(ulqui terigüten

aliba do(šin üile üiledbesü matar-un

qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dür adali ma(u

bui. qariyal ügegüy-e bütümüi. tegün-ü

belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adasun

basa nigen eketü naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-un] qariqui

inu Qubi sarayin arban dolo(an arban

isün-e nara šinggeküi-dür qarimui. qoyar

sarayin nigen šin-e qorin naiman-a nara šinggeküi-

tür qarimui. (urban sarayin (urban šin-e qorin

naiman (uèin-a edür düli-dür qarimui. Dörben

sarayin qorin tabun-a söni düli qarimui. tabun

sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a nara manduqui-dur qarimui.

¯ir(u(an sarayin arban nigen (urban tabun isün

ede edüd-dür edür düli qarimui. Dolo(an sarayin

arban qoyar dolo(an-a ör geyiküi-dür qarimui

Naiman sarayin (urban šin-e arban (urban-a ör

geyiküi-dür qarimui. Isün sarayin qoyar šin-e nara

manduqui-dur qarimui. arban sarayin arban naiman-a

463
TRANSCRIPTION

edür düli qarimui. arban nigen sarayin qorin-a

söni düli qarimui. Kögeler sarayin qorin dolon-a

söni düli qarimui. ede edüd urida ügülegsen-

tür adali do(šin üiles üiledbesü üiled-

dügèi kümün-ü amin nasun oqor bolumui.

öber-ün dayan-u küèün yeke bögesü ber em-e

köbegün kiged. ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa

yeke bolqu. tegün-ü belge inu ögede qandu(san

(adasun bui.

basa nigen eketü sara-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-

iyar luus-un qad-un èi(ulqu edür kemebesü

Qubi sarayin arban dolo(an-a èi(ulumui.

qoyar sarayin (urban šin-e (urban sarayin qoyar šin-e

arban tabun. Dörben sarayin naiman šin-e arban

tabun qorin naiman-a tabun sarayin tabun šin-e qorin

qoyar. ¯ir(u(an sarayin qorin tabun-a.

[39v]

Dolo(an<-a> sarayin arban qoyar tabun

isün-e Naiman sarayin arban dörben tabun

(uèin-a: Isün sarayin arban nigen qorin qoyar.

464
TRANSCRIPTION

arban sarayin šinein tabun naiman-a. arban nigen

sarayin arban dolo(an qorin dolo(an-a.

Kögeler sarayin qorin isün-e èi(ulumui ede

edüd-dür (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu

maši sayin bui tegün-ü belge inu köke na(ur bui

luus-un qad-un qariqui edür anu. Qubi sarayin

nigen šin-e arban-a qarimui. qoyar sarayin arban

dörben qorin naiman-a (urban sarayin arban

¯ir(u(an-a Dörben sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an

tabun sarayin šinein naiman arban dörben

qorin isün-e. ¯ir(u(an sarayin nigen šin-e

arban nigen-e Dolo(an sarayin tabun šin-e

¯ir(u(an-a. Naiman sarayin ¯ir(u(an šin-e

arban (urban-a Isün sarayin šinein isün

arban isün qorin-a arban sarayin arban isün

arban nigen sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an qorin ¯ir(u(an

(uèin-a. Kögeler sarayin qoyar šin-e arban

qoyar qorin qoyar-a qarimui. ede edüd-dür

(a¯ar usun e¯id-i takibasu èa(an ¯asal

kibesü tusa ülü boluyu. tegün-ü belge

465
TRANSCRIPTION

inu ula(an nara bui

basa nigen eketü saran-lu(-a edür qamtuddu(san-iyar

gara(-ud-un ideši ereküy-yin ¯arudasun baling

do(šin inu gara(-un qubil(an-u tulada

gara(-ud-un èinu-a kemegdeyü. tngri-yin Vim-a

neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai

kemekü qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün inu (a¯arun

e¯in qa(an kemegdeyü. ene kemebesü erekey-yin

èinegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin èinegen

morin unu¯u yirti[n]èü-yi ebdegèi qara

orong(-a bari¯u Qubi sarayin naiman šinide

[40r]

üdeši ideši eren güimüi. qoyar sarayin arban

naiman-a söni düli x (urban sarayin qorin naiman-a

nara manduqui-dur x Dörben sarayin tabun šinede

nara manduqui-dur x tabun sarayin arban tabun-a

bürüi-dü x ¯ir(u(an sarayin qorin tabun-a

Dolo(an sarayin nigen šinede örlüge x Naiman

sarayin arban nigen-e nara manduqui-dur x Isün

466
TRANSCRIPTION

sarayin qorin nigen üdeši x arban sarayin isün

šinede söni düli x arban nigen sarayin arban

isün-e söni düli. Kögeler sarayin qorin

isün-e örlüge ideši eren güimüi

edür düli emün-e ¯üg-eèe umara ¯üg güimüi. örön-e-

eèe doron-a ¯üg söni düli güimüi. umara ¯üg-eèe

emün-e ¯üg güimüi. egüni güikü eser'gü èirig uduridbasu

èereg-ün noyan ükükü. beri ba(ul(abasu ükükü qa(aèaqu

bolqu. yasun (ar(abasu mön sarada kümün ükükü. ebedèin

kürtebesü ana(aquy-a berke. köbegün töröbesü qoyin-a

ma(u. èirig degerm-e kiged do(šin üiles tegüni

da(an üiledbesü yeke küèütü bolumui tegünü

belge inu nigen ula(an dusul bui.

baling do(šin Baras Taulai Luu Takiy-a

qami(-a Morin Qonin Beèin Üker
Noqai 'aqai Qulu(an-a Mo(ai
sarayin sarayin sarayin sarayin
nigen šin-e doron-a emün-e örön-e umara
qoyar šin-e doron-a örön-e örön-e umara
emün-e emün-e umara doron-a
(urban šin-e umar-a doron-a doron-a örön-e
dörön-e emün-e emün-e umara
[=doron-a]
dörben šin-e emün-e örön-e umara doron-a

467
TRANSCRIPTION

tabun šin-e umara dörön-e emün-e örön-e

[=doron-a]
¯ir(u(an šin-e örön-e örön-e umara doron-a
emün-e umara doron-a emün-e
dolo(an šin-e örön-e doron-a örön-e örön-e
umara emün-e emün-e
naiman šin-e örön-e umara doron-a emün-e
isün šin-e doron-a emün-e örön-e umara
arban šin-e doron-a örön-e örön-e doron-a
emün-e emün-e umara umara

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker

3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8 Qoni

9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.

[40v]

Baras Taulai Luu Takiy-a

Morin Qonin Beèin Üker
Noqai 'aqai Qulu(an-a Mo(ai
sarayin sarayin sarayin sarayin
arban dörön-e doron-a örön-e örön-e
nigen [=doron-a] emün-e emün-e umara
umara
arban emün-e doron-a umara doron-a
qoyar
arban umara doron-a emün-e örön-e
(urban

468
TRANSCRIPTION

arban örön-e örön-e doron-a doron-a

dörben emün-e umara umara emün-e
arban örön-e doron-a doron-a örön-e
tabun umara umara emün-e emün-e
arban örön-e umara doron-a emün-e
¯ir(u(an
arban doron-a emün-e örön-e umara
dolo(an
arban doron-a örön-e örön-e doron-a
naiman emün-e emün-e umara umara
arban doron-a doron-a örön-e örön-e
isün umara emün-e emün-e umara
qorin emün-e örön-e umara doron-a

Baras Taulai Luu Takiy-a

Morin Qonin Beèin Üker
Noqai 'aqai Qulu(an-a Mo(ai
sarayin sarayin sarayin sarayin
qorin umara doron-a emün-e örön-e
nigen
qorin örön-e örön-e doron-a doron-a
qoyar emün-e umara umara emün-e
qorin örön-e umara doron-a emün-e
(urban umara doron-a emün-e örön-e
qorin örön-e umara doron-a emün-e
dörben
qorin örön-e emün-e örön-e umara
tabun
qorin doron-a emün-e örön-e doron-a
¯ir(u(an emün-e örön-e emün-e umara

469
TRANSCRIPTION

qorin doron-a örön-e doron-a örön-e

dolo(an umara emün-e emün-e umara
qorin emün-e örön-e umara doron-a
naiman
qorin umara doron-a emün-e örön-e
isün
(uèin örön-e örön-e doron-a doron-a
emün-e umara umara emün-e

[41r]

basa nigen eketü baling do(šin qami(-a sa(uqu

tere ¯üg-dür yasun (ar(abasu mör bütügekü-yin

urida kimor bolqu. èireg mordobasu noyan-u

bey-e ba morin-dur ma(u. ¯i(ulèin yabubasu

qari¯u ülü irekü. beri ba(ul(abasu qoyar

kümün ükükü. qota baribasu ügegürekü. öglige

ögbesü abubasu buyan kešig ba(uraqu.

dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu ba(ši on-du

ülü kürkü. qudalduèin-dur odbasu ed

tavar-iyan aldaqu. qula(ai kibesü yal-a-dur

oroqu. ¯oliy-a ögbesü qoor qorom¯i

bolqu. eliy-e-yi darubasu ükül-ün segül ülü

tasuraqu ma(u bui.

basa nigen eketü ¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un

470
TRANSCRIPTION

qara-yi il(a¯u bièisügei. èa(an baras ging

šin<g>. qara mo(ai šim güi. köke beèin ¯a ii

šira (aqai uu gii ede naiman ¯il qara bui.

basa nigen ekitü

arban qoyar sarayin qara inu. Qulu(an-a

Morin ¯il-e qaburun dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi

namurun dumdadu ügegüregülegèi. Üker Qonin

¯il-e qaburun eèüs ür-e tasulu(èi.

namurun eèüs ügeyiregülügèi sar-a bui. Baras Beèin ¯il-e

¯un-u terigün ür-e tasulu(èi. ebülün terigün

ügeyiregülügèi sara bui. Taulai Takiy-a ¯il-e

¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi. ebülün dumdadu

ügeyiregülegèi sara bui. Luu Noqai ¯il-e ¯un-u

eèüs ür-e tasulu(èi ebülün eèüs ügeyir[e]gülügèi

sara bui. Mo(ai 'aqai ¯il-e qaburun terigün

ür-e tasulu(èi namurun terigün ügeyiregülügèi

sara bui.

ede qara saras-un dörben terigün sarayin

terigün-i qara dörben dumdadu sarayin

niru(u-[y]i qara. dörben eèüs sarayin

segül-i qara bui. ede qara saras-dur

471
TRANSCRIPTION

[41v]

süm-e keyid bosqabasu qota bal(asun

baribasu yeke törö baribasu qan oron-a

sa(ubasu šin-e nutuglabasu beri abubasu

okin ögbesü köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü yeke

negüdel yabubasu maši ma(u keèiyen ¯ayilatu(ai.

basa nigen ekitü

öèüken edür kemebesü Qubi sarayin qorin naiman-a

qoyar sarayin arban naiman (urban sarayin naiman

šin-e Dörben sarayin qorin tabun. tabun sarayin

arban tabun. ¯ir(u(an sarayin šinein tabun.

Dolo(an sarayin qorin nigen Naiman sarayin

arban nigen Isün sarayin šinein nigen arban

sarayin qorin isün. arban nigen sarayin arban

isün. arban qoyar sarayin isün šin-e.

ede edür-dü amurling(ui sayin üiles buu üiled.

do(šin üiles-dür sayin. belge ene qara dusul

basa nigen eketü

yeke qara edür kemebesü Qubi sarayin

Dolo(an šin-e qoyar sarayin arban dörben (urban

472
TRANSCRIPTION

sarayin qorin nigen. Dörben sarayin šinein naiman

tabun sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an. ¯ir(u(an sarayin

qorin dörben. Dolo(an sarayin šinein isün

Naiman sarayin arban naiman. Isün sarayin

qorin dolo(an. arban sarayin arban šin-e.

arban nigen sarayin qorin-a Kögeler sarayin

(uèin ede edüd-dür yampar ba sayin üiles

buu üiled. bey-e ugiyabasu qari'yal kibesü

qoor-a neyilegülbesü sayin bui.

basa nigen eketü ügeyiregülügèi qara edür

kemebesü yeke qara edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] èöm

tokiyaldumui. egündür beri ba(ul(abasu

okin ögbesü kümün ükübesü önör bögesü

ür-e tasuraqu ed mal (ada(ši ögbesü

bayan bögesü (uyila(èi bolqu. qota

[42r]

bal(asun baribasu ger tergen bosqabasu èirig

ayan mordabasu bayar qurim keyibesü ¯irüken

metü amara( köbegün ükükü. ede edüd-dür odun

na(šidar sayin bögesü ber tusa ügei. qariyal

473
TRANSCRIPTION

keyibesü (urban ¯il-dü ülü bütükü üile

nigen edür-dü bütükü edür bui.

basa èa(-un qara inu qaburun (urban sarada

Beèin Takiy-a Noqai èa( qara. ¯un-u (urban sar-a

Taulai Luu Noqai èa( qara. namurun (urban sarada

Üker Luu Noqai èa( qara. ebülün (urban sarada

Üker Mo(ai Noqai èa( qara bolumui.

basa nigen eketü qara šingpüng-ün yabudal kemebesü

qaburun (urban sarada Baras Beèin edür emün-e ¯üg-

eèe umara ¯üg güimüi. ¯un-u (urban sarada Üker

Qonin edür örön-e-eèe doron-a ¯üg güimüi.

namurun (urban sarada Luu Noqai edür umara-aèa

emün-e ¯üg güimüi. ebülün (urban sarada Mo(ai

'aqai edür doron-a-aèa örön-e ¯üg güimüi.

Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a Taulai edür dumda amui.

basa nigen eketü

èa( kiged (ayila(daqu üiles anu qara

šingpüng güiküi anu. Qubi sarayin Baras Beèin

edür nara ur(u(san qoyin-a güimüi. tere

èa(-tur (a¯ar köndebesü qota baribasu

sasa deledbesü ügeyirekü. qoyar sarayin Baras

474
TRANSCRIPTION

Beèin edür söni düli güimüi tere èa(tur

erümel erübesü mandal kibesü šintarayu. (urban

sarayin Baras Beèin edür ör geyiküi-dür güimüi

tere èa(-tur (a¯ar köndebesü debür büribesü

yasun (ar(abasu bariqu (a¯ar eribesü ma(u

Dörben sarayin Üker Qonin edür nara šinggeküi

èa(tur güimüi tere èa(tur (a¯ar köndebesü

suba( ¯asabasu tariyan-u ebesün tegübesü muu

Tabun sarayin Üker Qonin edür nara ur(uqui èa(tur

güimüi tere èa(tur (a¯ar köndebesü široi

ködelgebesü ma(u. ®ir(u(an sarayin üker Qonin

[42v]

edür nara manduqui-dur güimüi. tere èa(-tur

erümel erübesü ¯ar(u ¯a(aldubasu ma(u.

Dolo(an sarayin Luu Noqai edür nara manduqui

èa(tur güimüi tere èa(tur (ajar köndebesü

odèa( tülebesü a(urqai bulabasu qoriyan

bosqabasu ma(u Naiman sarayin Luu Noqai

edür nara ur(uqui èa(tur güimüi. tere èa(tur

(a¯ar köndebesü tegerm-e bosqabasu küriy-e

475
TRANSCRIPTION

baribasu a(urqai erübesü ma(u Isün sarayin

Luu Noqai edür ör geyigsen qoyin-a güimüi

tere èa(tur qoriy-a baribasu èo(o[l](-a kibesü

ma(u. arban sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai edür söni düli

güimüi tere èa(tur (a¯ar köndebesü qota yender

baribasu ma(u. arban nigen sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai

edür söni düli güimüi. terr èa(tur (a¯ar

köndebesü qota baribasu eèige aba(-a-yin

yasun bulabasu ma(u. Kögeler sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai

edür tong söni güimüi tere èa(tur (a¯ar

köndebesü süm-e subur(-a baribasu ma(u bui.

aliba üiles egüni eser’gü ülü üiledkü

do(šin qariyal kikü qari(ulaqu dayisun-i

daruqu üiles-i egün-lüge [n]ököèibesü sayin

küèütü bolumui. egüni (alqalaqu ar(-a kemebesü

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin] manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü

tegüni isün ¯iruqai ene metü ¯iruyu tere

¯üg qandu(ulbasu qamu( ma(u üiles ¯ayilaqu

buyu. uèara(san bögesü Altan gerel ungši

qara šingpüng-yin [=šingpüng-ün] belge inu qara ji

üsüg bui.

476
TRANSCRIPTION

basa nigen eketü ginggang kemebesü nara sara

bari(èi do(šin gara( kememüi qamu(-i ügeyiregülügèi

qara šimu kememü. tere ideši ereküi èa(tur

èa(an üile qara bolumui. qa(an ba(ura¯u

qaraèu bolumui. tüšimed ba(ura¯u (uyiranèi

bolumui. ebedèin kürtebesü edegeküy-e berke

ese sana(san (a¯ar-aèa dayisun bolqu beri

[43r]

abubasu belbesün bolumui. ger baribasu tabun

kümün üküyü. aliba sayin üiles üiledbesü

ma(u. tegünü ba(uqu edür yasun buu (ar(-a

šin-e nutu(-dur buu ba(u. ber’i buu ab.

ni(un töröbesü do(šin gara(-un dotor-a

oroši¯u eèige eke-yu(an [=yügen] ¯arumui. mal adu(usun

idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu (uyiranèi bolumui

tegün-e ba(uqu edür inu. Široi odun

ekilegsen sarayin arban dolo(an qorin naiman-a

ba(umui. Sara odun ekilegsen sarayin qoyar

šin-e qorin dörben-e ba(umui. 'al odun

ekilegsen sarayin arban naiman qorin naiman-a

477
TRANSCRIPTION

ba(umui. Modun odun ekilegsen sarayin

arban ¯ir(u(an qorin ¯ir(u(an-a ba(umui

tere maši qata(uu do(šin-u tulada.

¯ayila(daqui. tegün-ü belge inu

qoyar qara dusul bui.

basa nigen eketü tngri šilmus (adqulduqui

edür kemebesü. Qubi sarayin šinein (urban

tabun qorin-a (adquldumui qoyar sarayin

šinein naiman arban qoyar-a (adquldumui

(urban sarayin arban šin-e arban nigen qorin-a.

Dörben sarayin naiman šin-e arban (urban isün-e.

tabun sarayin isün šin-e arban ¯ir(u(an-a

¯ir(u(an sarayin tabun šin-e arban ¯ir(u(an-a.

Dolo(an sarayin tabun šin-e qorin naiman-a

Naiman sarayin isün šin-e arban dörben-e

Isün sarayin šinein tabun ¯ir(u(an-a.

arban sarayin isün šin-e qorin-a

arban nigen sarayin dolo(an šin-e qorin naiman-a.

Kögeler sarayin qorin qorin tabun ¯ir(u(an-a

(adquldumui. tere edür luus-un qad

(a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki. öber-ün saki(ulsun-

478
TRANSCRIPTION

iyan keèiye. aliba üiles-i tegün-eèe ¯ayila(daqui

tegüni belge inu ala( debeskir bui.

[43v]

basa nigen eketü ebdegèi qara qada(ur

bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür kemebesü

Qubi sarayin naiman šin-e. qoyar sarayin (urban

šin-e (urban sarayin isün šin-e. Dörben sarayin

(urban šin-e. tabun sarayin arban (urban.

¯ir(u(an sarayin isün šin-e. Dolo(an sarayin

dolo(an šin-e. Naiman sarayin arban dolo(an

Isün sarayin qorin naiman. arban sarayin nigen

šin-e arban nigen sarayin arban (urban. Kögeler

sarayin isün šin-e ede edüd nom nomlabasu

abišig abubasu baèa( sangvar abubasu

aši( tusa eribesü qurimlabasu nutu(

ularibasu yasun (ar(abasu ger baribasu

kegüür oroši(ulbasu ma(u. tegün-ü

belge inu qara qada(ur.

basa nigen eketü (uyirinèi-yin (ar qo(osun

qariqu edür kemebesü. Qubi sarayin arban

479
TRANSCRIPTION

¯ir(u(an qorin ¯ir(u(an. qoyar sarayin

qoyar šine. (urban sarayin naiman šin-e.

Dörben sarayin dörben šin-e. tabun sarayin

tabun šin-e ¯ir(u(an sarayin ¯ir(u(an šin-e

qorin nigen. Dolo(an sarayin dolo(an šin-e

arban isün. Naiman sarayin naiman šin-e arban

nigen. Isün sarayin isün šin-e qorin nigen.

arban sarayin arban šin-e. arban nigen sarayin

arban nigen. Kögeler sarayin isün šin-e

ede edüd-dür qota bal(asun baribasu

qa(al(-a ¯igübesü okin ba(ul(abasu köbegün-e

ömèi ögbesü odèa( egüdbesü nom nomlabasu

šitügen-dür qutu( oroši(ulbasu qurimlabasu

aši( tusa eribesü mör (arbasu ed mal

ögbesü abubasu dabqur ger baribasu

ma(u tegün-ü belge inu ala( dusul bui

basa nigen eketü gara(-ud-un do(šin ideši

eriküi inu. Qubi sarayin arban tabun qorin tabun.

[44r]

qoyar sarayin qoyar šin-e arban (urban

480
TRANSCRIPTION

(urban sarayin arban naiman qorin naiman. Dörben

sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an qorin ¯ir(u(an tabun

sarayin arban tabun qorin tabun. ¯ir(u(an

sarayin qoyar šin-e arban (urban. Dolo(an

sarayin arban naiman qorin naiman. Naiman sarayin

arban ¯ir(u(an qorin ¯ir(u(an. Isün sarayin

arban tabun qorin tabun. Arban sarayin qoyar

šin-e arban (urban qorin (urban. Arban nigen

sarayin arban naiman qorin naiman. Kögeler sarayin

arban ¯ir(u(an. ede edüd-dür okin beri

ba(ul(abasu qota bal(asun baribasu negüdel

negübesü šibad-un qurim kibesü (a¯ar köndebesü

yasun (ar(abasu engküri köbegün-i (ada(ši (ar(abasu

ma(u bui. tegünü belge inu dörbel¯in qara

debesker ene bui. basa nigen eketü.

(a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür kemebesü

Qubi sarayin naiman šin-e. qoyar sarayin dolo(an šin-e

arban ¯ir(u(an. (urban sarayin qorin dörben. Dörben

sarayin isün šin-e. tabun sarayin arban naiman. ®ir(u(an

sarayin qorin dolo(an. Dolo(an sarayin arban šin-e

Naiman sarayin qorin isün. Isün sarayin (uèin

481
TRANSCRIPTION

arban sarayin arban nigen. arban nigen sarayin qorin

qoyar. Kögeler sarayin nigen šin-e. ede edüd-dür

okin beri ba(ul(abasu èirig mordabasu qota

bal(asun baribasu qurimlabasu noqai te¯iyebesü

ükügsen kümün-e ya(um-a kibesü ma(u.

tegünü belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in

basa nigen eketü. edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] odun qamtudu(san-

iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei.

Naran odun dörben šin-e naiman šinede bolbasu sayin

Saran odun nigen šin-e (urban šinede bolbasu sayin.

'al odun ¯ir(u(an šinede sayin. Usun odun qoyar

šin-e dolo(an šin-e arban qoyar-a sayin. Modun

odun tabun šin-e arban arban tabun bolbasu sayin

Altan odun arban nigen (urban-a sayin.

[44v]

Široi odun šinein dörben isün bolbasu sayin.

basa nigen eketü.

edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküy-yin uèaral

boluyu. arban qoyar dolo(an-a Naran odun bolbasu

ma(u. arban nigen qorin ¯ir(u(an-a Saran

482
TRANSCRIPTION

odun bolbasu ma(u. arban šin-e qorin tabun-a

'al odun bolbasu ma(u. (urban šin-e arban

naiman-a Usun odun bolbasu ma(u. ¯ir(u(an šin-e

qorin nigen-e Modun odun bolbasu ma(u. qoyar

šin-e arban dolo(an-a Altan odun bolbasu ma(u.

dolo(an šin-e qorin qoyar-a Široi odun. bolbasu

ma(u. ede tülegèi odun edüd-dür sayin üiles

üiledbesü aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen

ünesün-dür adali bolumui. tegün-ü belge inu

solbi(san qara ¯iruqai

basa nigen eketü. odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. Naran odun

Qasta qoyar. Saran odun Anurad qoyar. 'al

odun Ašivani qoyar. Usun odun Šuša( qoyar

Modun odun Pus qoyar. Altan odun Burvabalguni

Udaribalguni qoyar. Široi odun Burnavasu qoyar.

ede edüd süm-e keyid bosqabasu burqan nom-i

amilabasu kereg ¯asal kibesü aliba sayin üiles

üiledbesü aèi ür-e inu maši sayin bolumui

tegün-ü belge inu degegši qandu(san erdeni

basa nigen eketü odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-

483
TRANSCRIPTION

iyar dolo(an öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u

uèaral bolumui. Naran odun Qasta qoyar. Saran

odun Širvang qoyar. 'al odun Ašivani qoyar.

Usun odun Anurad qoyar. Modun odun Pus

qoyar Altan odun Burnavasu qoyar. Široi odun

Rôkini qoyar. ede edüd-dür nom ba yirtinèü-

deki aliba sayin üiles üiledbesü aèi

ür-e inu küsel-iyer bolumui. tegünü belge

inu ögede qandu(san jindamuni erdeni

ene bui.

[45r]

basa nigen eketü. odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-

iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. Naran odun Anurad

qoyar. Saran odun Kerteg qoyar. 'al odun Sadabis

qoyar. Usun odun Ašivani qoyar Modun odun

Margišar qoyar. Altan odun Ašivani qoyar. Široi

odun Qasta qoyar. ede edüd-dür öglige ögbesü

ger tergen šinedkebesü dalal(-a dalalbasu buyan-du

sayin üiles üiledbesü ma(u. tegün-ü belge inu

doro(ši qandu(san jindamuni ene bui.

484
TRANSCRIPTION

basa nigen eketü odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui. Naran odun Mig qoyar.

Saran odun Šuša( qoyar. 'al odun Ardar qoyar.

Usun odun Mul qoyar. Modun odun Tanista qoyar.

Altan odun Rôkini qoyar. Široi odun Burvasad

qoyar. ede edüd-dür buyan-du üiles buu üiled.

kelinèitü üiles üiledbesü bütükü. tegünü

belge inu qara jindamuni ene bui.

basa nigen eketü. odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-

iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui. Naran odun

Kerteg qoyar. Saran odun Barani qoyar. 'al odun

Mig qoyar. Usun odun Ardar qoyar. Modun odun

Margišar qoyar. Altan odun Pus qoyar. Široi odun

Tanista qoyar. ede edüd-dür èireg mordabasu

dayisun-i daruqu. do(šin kereg kibesü èidköd-i

daruqu. aliba do(šin qata(uu üiles-dür sayin.

èa(an ¯asal kiged amurling(ui üiles-dür ma(u.

tegünü belge inu doro(ši qandu(san subur(-a

basa nigen eketü šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an

edür inu. Naran odun Mul qoyar. Saran odun

Abaji qoyar. 'al odun Burvabadaribad qoyar

485
TRANSCRIPTION

Usun odun Kerteg qoyar. Modun odun Burnavasu qoyar

Altan odun Burvasad qoyar. Široi odun Suvadi

qoyar. ede edüd-dür do(šin üiles ba küèütü

üile üiledbesü ödtör bütükü. tegün-ü

belge inu qara ene bui.

basa nigen eketü. odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un

[45v]

kürdün-ü yosu(ar ¯okiyasu(ai. basa Altan odun

Široi odun qoyar široi bui. Saran Usun qoyar odun

usu bui. Nara 'al qoyar (al bui. Luuq-a odun

Modun odun qoyar kei bui.

basa Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad

Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin

èinar bui. Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi

Burvasad Mul As’li( Širvan ede dolo(an

na(šidar usun-u èinar bui. Kerteg Barani Šuša(

Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an

na(šidar (al-un èinar bui Ašivani Burnavasu

Suvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari

486
TRANSCRIPTION

ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui. ede

gara(-ud kiged na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-<y>i

eyin uqa(daqui.

qoyar široi uèirabasu šid’i bütüküy-yin uèaral

šidi bütüküy-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü.

šitügen bayi(ulqui qota bal(asun bariqui

süm-e keyid bosqaqui tariyalang-un (a¯ar qudalduqui

kiged. qan kümün üiles bütükü ba törö bariqu

terigüten tübšidkekü ašida-yin üiles-dür sayin.

qoyar usu uèarabasu rašiyan uèaral rašiyan-u

uèaral-iyar amin nasun delgereyü. em èungla(ulbasu

beri abqu ba. Ayuši-yin nom ungšiqui amin

nasun bütügeküi delgeregülkü èoga-yin üile kiged

nasun urtu bolqu üiles-dür sayin bui.

qoyar (al uèarabasu delgereküy-yin uèaral[.] delgereküi

uèaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu. qudaldu kiküi ba

ür-e saèuqui öglige ögküi ed-ün ündüsün

erke-yi bütügeküi. usun takil ögküi ed-ün tngri

takiqui qutu( (uyuqui üiles-dür sayin.

qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u

uèaral. öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral-iyar

487
TRANSCRIPTION

sedkigsen bütüyü. eyetüldükü aši( tusa

bütüküi neyilegülküi kiged busu-ber öndür bütükü

üiles sayin bui.

[46r]

usu široi qoyar uèarabasu egüride aqu-yin

uèiral. egüride-yin uèiral-iyar ürgül¯ide ¯ir(alang-

tu bolumui. debil [=debel] emüsküi èimeg ¯igüküi na(addun

èinggeküi bayar qurim keyiküi ergüküi üiles-

tür sayin. (al kei qoyar uèarabasu

yeke küèütü uèaral böged. küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar

öl¯i-dür bolumui. amin saki(ulsun üiledküi burqan

tngri-yi takiqui kiged amurling(ui delgereküy-yin

erke-yin

üiles-dür sayin. široi kei qoyar uèarabasu

ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui. ülü uèiraqu uèiral-iyar

ed idegen-iyen barayu. degirm-e [=degerm-e] qula(ai odqui ba

buliyan qula(ay-u [=yin] üiles adu(usun ögküi

üiles-dür sayin bui. usu kei qoyar uèarabasu

ülü ¯okiqu uèaral ülü ¯okiqu uèiral-iyar

ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui olgiqui üiles-dür

488
TRANSCRIPTION

sayin. (al široi qoyar uèarabasu tüleküy-yin

uèiral. tüleküy-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i

törögülüyü. èireg mordaqui dayisun-i daruqui

kiged busud-<y>i doroyita(ulqui üiles-dü sayin.

usu (al qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün uèiral bui

ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu. busud-i

kesegeküi qariyal kiküi-dür qoor neyilegülküi

üiles-dür sayin. tere metü (urban sayin

(urban dumda. (urban eèüs kiged nigen eèüs-

lu(-a (urban ¯üil-iyer üiles-ün sayin ma(u-yi

ila(ayu tegüber ene uèaral-i sayitur ü¯igdeküi.

odun na(šidar tusbüri sayin bögesü aèi

ür-e-yin uèaral-iyar bolumui. tegüber na(šidarun

sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu. odun-u sayin-i edür-

iyer il(ayu.

basa nigen eketü odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar

sayin ma(u uèiral-<y>i il(a¯u bièisügei.

Qulu(an-a Üker-lu(-a [=üker-lüge] Nara Saran 'al Široi

ede dörben odun uèarabasu dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ayul bolqu

Usun Altan odun uèarabasu aèi ür-e bütükü

489
TRANSCRIPTION

[46v]

Modun odun uèarabasu nom kiged buyan kešig

delgerekü. Baras Morin Noqai 'aqai ede edüd-tü

aliba odud uèarabasu sayin. Taulai edür

Modun odun uèirabasu ed a(urasun nemekü sayin.

Usun odun uèirabasu gergi olqu. Naran x

ür-e sadun qa(aèiqu. Saran x sedkil bütükü.

Široi x ed-iyen baraqu. 'al x temeèildügen

bolqu. Altan x tariyan-u (a¯ar olqu.

Usun odun Modun odun qoyar uèirabasu ed

tavar olqu. Qonin Beèin edür Usun Modun

odun sayin. Altan odun x qan noyan bolqu.

busu bügüde odun ma(u bui. Takiy-a edür

Naran 'al Usun Altan x sayin. busu inu ma(u.

ede kemebesü ¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin

uèaral-iyar bui.

basa nigen eketü na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il

qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü anu ene bolai

Margašar Ardar qoyar Qonin edür uèarabasu ma(u.

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar Noqai edür uèirabasu

ma(u Burvasad Udarisad qoyar Üker edür

490
TRANSCRIPTION

uèirabasu ma(u. Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad

qoyar Luu edür uèirabasu ma(u. ede edüd-dür

nom bièibesü burqan-u šitügen egüdbesü rabnas

oroši(ulbasu a(la( oron-dur (arbasu degelbür

talbibasu qa(al(-a ¯igübesü qurimlabasu okin

beri ba(ul(abasu asar küriy-e baribasu köbegün-e

ömèi ögbesü abubasu (ada(ši mör (arbasu

tariyan-dur köröngge orkibasu abubasu boso(-a

bosqabasu èi(ulbasu ¯a(aldubasu köbegün-e ner-e

ögbesü qabèi(ai ¯asabasu abišig abubasu em

èu[n]gla(ulbasu debel ed'kebesü ger baribasu

üküger-i nomo(adqabasu ariki iskebesü adu(usun

sür dalalbasu tariyan taribasu aliba üiles

sedübesü ma(u bui. tegün-ü belge inu

(urban qara dusul ene bui.

Maqagala ba(uqu edür anu. Qubi sarayin

arban tabun. qoyar sarayin dörben šin-e. (urban

[47r]

sarayin arban qoyar. Dörben sarayin qorin dolo(an

491
TRANSCRIPTION

Tabun sarayin arban dörben ¯ir(u(an sarayin

qorin tabun. Dolo(an sarayin nigen šin-e

Naiman sarayin qorin dolo(an. Isün sarayin

dolo(an šin-e. arban sarayin dörben šini

arban nigen sarayin qorin isün. Kögeler

sarayin arban tabu. ede edüd Mahagala

kiged rdovrma duvngli kibesü sayin. tegünü

belge inu tong(ori( bui.

Okin tngri ba(uqu edür kemebesü Qubi

sarayin nigen šin-e qoyar sarayin arban nigen

(urban sarayin qorin nigen. Dörben sarayin arban

(urban. tabun sarayin arban tabun. ¯ir(u(an

sarayin qorin (urban. Dolo(an sarayin arban isün

Naiman sarayin arban tabun. Isün sarayin qorin nigen

arban sarayin arban nigen. arban nigen sarayin qorin

isün Kögeler sarayin arban tabun ede edüd rdovarma

dungli (ar(abasu sayin. tegün-ü belge inu

gabala ene bui. basa nigen eketü

arban qoyar sarayin èo(tu edür kemebesü

Qubi sarayin naiman šin-e. qoyar sarayin naiman

šin-e (urban sarayin isün šin-e Dörben sarayin

492
TRANSCRIPTION

(urban šin-e tabun sarayin qorin (urban ¯ir(u(an

sar[a-]yin arban isün. Dolo(an sarayin (urban šin-e

Naiman sarayin arban dolo(an. Isün sarayin qorin

nigen. arban sarayin qorin. arban nigen sarayin

nigen šin-e. Kögeler sarayin isün šin-e ede

edüd aliba üiles-dür sayin. tegün-ü

belge inu qumq-a ene bui.

basa nigen eketü arban qoyar sarayin Yang

Gung-¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u

edür-<y>i ü¯ekü anu. Qubi sarayin arban

(urban qoyar sarayin arban nigen. (urban

sarayin isün šin-e. Dörben sarayin dolo(an

šin-e. tabun sarayin tabun šini. ¯ir(u(an

sarayin (urban šin-e. Dolo(an sarayin

[47v]

nigen šini qorin isün-e. Naiman sarayin

qorin dolo(an. Isün sarayin qorin tabun.

arban sarayin qorin (urban. arban nigen

sarayin qorin nigen. Kögeler sarayin arban isün.

ede edüd-dür ya(un sedke¯ü üiledbesü

493
TRANSCRIPTION

(ai qarši yeke bolqu. egüdkü ¯asaqu

ger bürikü üiledbesü tüimer-e tüimeridkü

qula(ai oromui. okin bo(tala¯u beri ba(ul(abasu

qurim qurimlabasu ed tavar ügületel-e ¯a(un

amin-dur kürümüi. ene kedün edür-dür köbegün

töröbesü eneleküi ¯obalang-iyar qoqui kemen

¯oba¯u yabumui. ene edüd-dür yasun (ar(abasu

ergin qoèora(san qoyitu ür-e (uyiranèi

bolumui. noyan sa(uqu qola (a¯ar-a odqui

¯ar(u ¯a(alduqui egündür uèirabasu

ke¯iy-e-ben ¯obalang-aèa ülü qa(aèin qarinèu

ülü irekü. egüni medegèid uqa(èid qamu(

amitan-a delgeregülbesü qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e

inu bayan bolu(ad yeke erüger-dü [=irüger-tü] bolumui

tegünü belge inu ula(an üsüg bui.

basa nigen eketü aliba sarayin ülü sedükü

edür kemebesü. Qubi sarayin Mo(ai. qoyar sarayin

Takiy-a. (urban sarayin Üker. Dörben sarayin

Beèin tabun sarayin Qulu(an-a. ®ir(u(an sarayin

Luu. Dolo(an sarayin 'aqai. Naiman sarayin

Taulai. Isün sarayin Qoni. arban sarayin Baras.

494
TRANSCRIPTION

arban nigen sarayin Mori. Kögeler sarayin Noqai.

ede edüd-dür šin-e ger-dür orobasu gerün e¯in

qa(acaqu. a(ula-aèa modun eribesü ülü

oldaqu. usun-aèa ¯i(asun eribesü ülü oldaqu

süm-e baribasu bursang quvara( ülü to(taqu

ong(oèa deger-e (arbasu urbaqu. qola (a¯ar-a

mör (arbasu buliyan qula(ai-lu(-a uèiraqu.

kögerge talbibasu ülü to(taqu. tariyan

modun taribasu qubaqai bolqu. qan kümün-eèe

èola abubasu amin nasun aqur bolqu. qola (arbasu

[48r]

gertegen ülü qariqu qoriy-a baribasu mal inu

qoroqu šin-e qa(al(-a ¯igübesü kümün ülü

oroqu burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu

širo(ai-dur adali egün-eèe ¯ayila¯u üiledbesü

öl¯i qutu( orošiqu bolumui::

basa nigen eketü arban qoyar sarayin modun

(okimui kemebesü Qubi sarayin Luu. qoyar

sarayin Üker. (urban sarayin Noqai. Dörben sarayin

Qonin. tabun sarayin Taulai. ¯ir(u(an sarayin

495
TRANSCRIPTION

Qulu(an-a. Dolo(an sarayin Takiy-a.

Naiman sarayin Morin. Isün sarayin Baras. arban

sarayin 'aqai. arban nigen sarayin Beèin. Kögeler

sarayin Mo(ai. ede edüd-dür köröngge

saèaqu [=saèuqu]. sang negegekü terigüten aliba

üiles-dür ma(u bui.

basa ula(an ša¯a(ai kemekü ma(u edür inu

dörben terigün sarayin Mo(ai edür.

dörben dumdadu sarayin Takiy-a edür.

dörben eèüs sarayin Üker edür eden

edüd-dür aliba üiles buu üiled.

ma(u bui.

basa nigen eketü ¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar

uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u bièisügei.

Qubi sarayin Noqai edür. Qoyar sarayin 'aqai

(urban sarayin Qulu(an-a Dörben sarayin Üker

tabun sarayin Baras. jir(u(an sarayin Taulai

Dolo(an sarayin Luu. Naiman sarayin Mo(ai. Isün

sarayin Mori. arban sarayin Qonin. arban nigen

sarayin Beèin. Kögeler sarayin Takiy-a ede edüd-dür

tngri-ner (aši(udaqu edür bui burqan tngri buu

496
TRANSCRIPTION

taki ma(u bui:: basa Qubi sarayin 'aqai

qoyar sarayin Noqai. (urban sarayin Takiy-a. Dörben sarayin

Beèin. tabun sarayin Qonin jir(u(an sarayin Morin

Dolo(an sarayin Mo(ai. Naiman sarayin Luu. Isün

sarayin Taulai. arban sarayin Baras. arban nigen sarayin

Üker. Kögeler sarayin Qulu(an-a ede edüd-dür

[48v]

èidköd (aši(udaqu edür sayin üiles buu

üiled. üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu sayin bui.

basa mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü Margašar

Burnavasu Bus Qasta Anurad Mul Udarisad

Abiji Širvan Tanis Burvabadaribad

Udaribadaribad Ašivani sayin Usun Modun

Altan ede edüd sayin. Saran odun dumda

'al Široi odun èirig-eèe busud-dur ma(u.

èing gii edür sayin bi pô edür ma(u.

Noqai edür sayin. basa dörben terigün sarayin

Morin Takiy-a edür ma(u. dörben dumda sarayin

Baras Mo(ai edür ma(u. dörben eèüs sarayin

Qulu(an-a Üker edür ma(u. Mo(ai edür yerü ma(u

497
TRANSCRIPTION

(urban kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi.

basa èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü Baras Noqai

edür sayin. Üker Qonin edür ma(u. 'al Altan

Široi ede odud sayin. Saran odun ma(u.

Ardar Udaribalguni Qasta Pus Udarisad Tanis

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Ašivani sayin.

Burnavasu Asli( Anurid ma(u. dörben dörben

ma(u. basa dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui

edür-ün sayin inu Baras Luu edür sayin.

Margašar Ardar Mig Burvabalguni Anurid Èista

Mul Burvasad Udaribadaribad ede sayin.

ger-ün qo(osun anu. Nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a

3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 Üker 10 Beèin. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai.

[49r]

dörben terigün sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui.

nigen šin-e qoyar šini isün šin-e dörben šin-e tabun šin-e ¯ir(u(an šin-
e

498
TRANSCRIPTION

dolo(an šin-e naiman arban tabun arban arban arban qoyar

šin-e šin-e nigen
arban (urban arban qorin arban arban arban
dörben nigen ¯ir(u(an dolo(an naiman
arban isün qorin-a (urban qorin qorin qorin
šin-e qoyar (urban dörben
qorin tabun qorin qorin qorin qorin (uèin-a
¯ir(u(an dolo(an naiman isün
doto(adu sang altan luu-yin üker-ün degüreng
ordo quriyang(ui ordo qutu( üsün sang
mör mör mör mör mör mör
(arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu
sayin. ma(u. sayin sayin. ma(u sayin.
dörben dumdadu sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui.

nigen qoyar (urban dörben tabun ¯ir(u(an

šin-e šin-e šin-e šin-e šin-e šin-e
isün arban arban nigen arban arban arban
šin-e šin-e qoyar (urban dörben
arban arban arban qorin-a qorin nigen qorin
dolo(an naiman isün qoyar
qorin qorin qorin qorin qorin (uèin-a
tabun ¯ir(u(an dolo(an naiman isün
tngri-yin tngri-yin tngri-yin tngri-yin tngri-yin tngri-yin
mör kemekü egüden-dür qoriyan-dur erdeni-dür qula(ai-tur ordo-dur
edür mör mör mör mör mör
mör (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu
(arbasu sayin ma(u. sayin. ma(u sayin
sayin.
dolo(an naiman
šin-e šin-e
arban arban
tabun ¯ir(u(an

499
TRANSCRIPTION

qorin qorin
(urban dörben
tngri-yin tngri-yin
ayul-dur sang-dur
mör mör
(arbasu (arbasu
ma(u sayin
dörben eèüs sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui.

nigen qoyar (urban dörben tabun ¯ir(u(an dolo(an naiman

šin-e šin-e šin-e šin-e šin-e šin-e šin-e šin-e
isün arban arban arban arban arban arban arban
šin-e šin-e nigen qoyar (urban dörben tabun ¯ir(u(an
arban arban arban qorin qorin qorin qorin qorin
dolo(an naiman isün nigen qoyar (urban dörben
qorin qorin qorin qorin qorin (uèin-a
tabun ¯ir(u(an dolo(an naiman isün
ula(an èa(an èa(an èa(an qara köke luu- köke luu- köke luu-
ša¯a(ai baras-un baras-un baras-un yasutu yin yin yin
mör terigün niru(un köl-dür meneki terigün- niru(un- köl-dür
(arbasu mör mör mör mör dür tur mör
ma(u (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu [(arbasu] mör mör (arbasu
sayin sayin ma(u ma(u (arbasu (arbasu ma(u
sayin sayin

[49v]

aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün

nigen šin-e isün šin-e arban dolo(an qorin tabun tngri-yin egüde sayin
qoyar šin-e arban šin-e arban naiman qorin ¯ir(u(an noqai qoši(un ma(u
(urban šin-e arban nigen arban isün qorin dolo(an tngri-yin següder sayin

500
TRANSCRIPTION

dörben šin-e arban qoyar qorin-a qorin naiman noqay-yin qabar sayin.
tabun šin-e arban (urban qorin nigen qorin isün noqai terigün sayin
¯ir(u(an šin-e arban dörben qorin qoyar (uèin-a noqai niru(u ma(u
dolo(an šin-e arban tabun qorin (urban tngri-yin sang sayin
naiman šin-e arban ¯ir(u(an qorin dörben tngri-yin qo(olai ma(u

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör

(arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün bui.

nigen qoyar (urban dörben tabun ¯ir(u(an

šin-e šin-e šin-e šin-e šin-e šin-e
dolo(an šin-e naiman isün arban arban arban
šin-e šin-e šin-e nigen qoyar
arban arban arban tabun arban arban arban
(urban dörben ¯ir(u(an dolo(an naiman
arban qorin-a qorin qorin qorin qorin
isün nigen qoyar (urban dörben
qorin qorin qorin qorin qorin (uèin-a
tabun ¯ir(u(an dolo(an naiman isün
dayang èuèa( vimading süng süèing dada qan
kemekü kemekü kemekü kemekü kemekü kemekü
edür edür edür edür edür edür
mör mör mör mör mör mör
(arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu
ma(u sayin sayin sayin dumda ma(u.

tabun dagini-yin mör (arqu edür-<y>i

ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi.

501
TRANSCRIPTION

Bajar Radn-a Badm-a Garm-a Buda

dagini dagini dagini dagini dagini
küsel küsel ol¯a (ar dayisun doron-a
bütükü bütükü uèaraqu qo(osun ¯ol(aqu ¯üg odbasu
üiles idegen dayisun ol¯a küsel emün-e
bütükü olqu uèaraqu olqu uèaraqu ¯üg odbasu
dayisun ol¯a kereg küsel-iyen qo(osun örön-e
¯ol(aqu olqu bütükü bütükü irekü ¯üg odbasu
üile dayisun gem ügei ol¯a gem ügei umara
bütükü ¯ol(aqu dumda olqu dumda ¯üg odbasu
ol¯a gem ügei küsel-iyen dayisun-dur aši( dörben
olqu dumda bütükü ¯ol(aqu tusa ¯o[b]kis-dur
bütükü odbasu

[50r]

arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün

sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün ene bui

Qulu(an-a edür yeke ma(u ed oldaqu yeke sayin maši ma(u

bayasqulang
Üker edür bayasqulang buyan kešig sayin-i ü¯ekü yar-a
bolqu bolqu šarq-a bolqu
Baras edür ed oldaqu ed olqu sayin bui ma(u bui
sayin
Taulai edür sayin bui sayin bui ma(u bui ma(u bui
Luu edür sayin bui sayin bui sayin bui ma(u bui

502
TRANSCRIPTION

Mo(ai edür ed olqu ¯ar(u-du oroqu dumda sayin kelen aman

bolqu
Morin edür sayin bui sayin bu bey-e inu ükükü bey-e inu ükükü
Qonin edür sayin bui sayin bui ma(u bui idegen umda(an
uèaraqu
Beèin edür sayin bui sayin bui qamu(-dur qamu(-dur
ma(u ma(u
Takiy-a edür sayin bui kelen aman-du darasun idegen ed olqu
oroqu uèaram
Noqai edür sayin bui ed baraqu ma(u bui sayin bui
'aqai edür ma(u bui sayin bui dumda sayin buu yabu ma(u
egün-i tus ü¯e doron-a odbasu emün-e odbasu örön-e odbasu umara odbasu
arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün

Qulu(an-a èa( ed olqu üiles bütükü idegen qurim qula(ai-du

uèaraqu uèaraqu
Üker sedkil ¯obaqu öl¯i-dü bolqu ed tavar idegen umda(an
uèaraqu uèaraqu
Baras aliba üiles ed olqu ebedèin-dür bayasqulang
bütükü uèaraqu bolqu
Taulai aši( tusa boluyu bayasqulang ebedèin ada ükül ada
bolqu uèaraqu uèaraqu
Luu bayasqulang idegen umda(an ebedèin ada tavar ed yekede
bolqu uèaraqu uèaraqu olqu
Mo(ai bariy-a küriy-e- bayasqulang ükül ada ed tavar yekede
dü bolqu uèaraqu olqu
uèaraqu
Morin (abiy-a-du ada-du kürteyü ed tavar ed tavar yekede
üiles bütükü uèaraqu olqu
Qonin ebedèin-dü ¯ir(alang boluyu aši( tusa boluyu maši sayin
uèaraqu boluyu

503
TRANSCRIPTION

Beèin aši( tusa boluyu aliba üiles bayasqulang kemor gemšil

bütükü bolqu bolumui
Takiy-a üge da(un bolqu idegen-dü bayasqulang öl¯i qutu[(]
uèaraqu bolqu
Noqai ed tavar olqu ada-du ed mal olqu dumda sayin
uèaraqu
'aqai aši( tusa boluyu tavar ed ed tavar olqu ¯a(ur-a qula(ai
olqu uèiraqu
tusbüri ü¯e doron-a odbasu emün-e odbasu örön-e odbasu umara odbasu

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni.

3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin 11 jindamuni

5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni

7 sarayin 7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni

9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin 2 jindamuni.

11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun

jindamuni

[50v]

arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün.

Qubi sarayin Taulai edür dolo(an šin-e Morin Noqai

Qoyar sarayin Qulu(an-a qoyar Luu Noqai
edür šin-e

504
TRANSCRIPTION

'urban Takiy-a ¯ir(u(an Morin Takiy-a

sarayin edür šin-e
Dörben Morin ¯ir(u(an Morin Beèin
sarayin edür šin-e
Tabun Taulai ¯ir(u(an Üker Taulai
sarayin edür šin-e
¯ir(u(an Qulu(an-a qorin-a Beèin Qulu(an-a
sarayin edür
Dolo(an Takiy-a ¯ir(u(an Noqai Takiy-a
sarayin edür šin-e
Naiman Morin arban Taulai Luu
sarayin edür šin-e
Isün Taulai qorin-a Taulai Takiy-a
sarayin edür
Arban Qulu(an-a (urban Beèin Taulai
sarayin edür šin-e
Arban nigen Takiy-a tabun Qulu(an-a Luu
sarayin edür šin-e
Kögeler Morin tabun Morin Qulu(an-a
sarayin edür šin-e
ene arban qoyar ede edüd mör ede edüd mör ede èa(-ud-dur
ner-e-yi tuslan (arbasu ma(u (arbasu ma(u (arbasu mör
ü¯e ma(u
dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün.

Naran küsel gemšigüleng temèildüküi- edüge amin- qo(osun

bütükü bolqu dü ¯ol(o dur ma(u irekü
Saran gemšigüleng idegen olqu sayin üge dumda sayin dayisun-dur
bolqu sonosqu ¯ol(aqu
'al üiles bütükü kimor bolqu ol¯a dayisun qo(osun
olqu ¯ol(aqu irekü

505
TRANSCRIPTION

Usun kimor bolqu ol¯a küsel keregür dayisun

olqu bütükü bolqu ¯ol(aqu
Modun keregür mal ¯ibqaqu dayisun küsel ol¯a
bolqu bolqu bütükü olqu
Altan üiles bütükü dayisun kelen aman ed mal küsel
¯ol(aqu bolqu aldaqu bütükü
Široi dayisun-a küsel ed mal ol¯a keregür
¯ol(aqu bütükü aldaqu olqu bolqu
ede odun-i doron-a emün-e örön-e umara dörben
tusbüri üje ¯üg odbasu ¯üg odbasu ¯üg odbasu ¯üg odbasu ¯obkis-dur
odbasu

qara sarayin ¯asal anu. isün ¯üil modu. buq-a-yin

yeke qara segul. numu èa(an qada( kiged

šingqun. šiker qangla(ur [=(angna(ur] terigüten. tu(-un išin-

tü uya¯u qadqu(ad èa(an tosun ba.

buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü. Qubi sarayin

dolo(an šinide Baras ¯ilün qarši beèin ¯üg

qadqu. tegünèilen ali edür bögesü tere

sarayin qarši ¯üg qadqu sayin bui.

[51r]

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü

Rôkini Margišar Bus Burvabalguni Suvadai Mul Udarisad

506
TRANSCRIPTION

Abiji Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Ašivani ede

odun sayin. Saran Usun Modun Altan odun sayin. Üker

Qonin Beèin edür sayin.

_______________________________________________________

nigen ¯üil okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü kürdün bui

egüni sayitur tokiyaldu(ul¯u medegdeküi

¯il sara sara sara sara sara sara èa( èa(

Qulu(a Qulu(a Üker Baras Taulai Luu Mo(ai Qulu(a Luu
n-a n-a Qonin Beèin Takiy-a Noqai 'aqai n-a èa(
Morin èa(
Üker Üker Qulu(a Mo(ai Luu Taulai Baras Üker Beèin
Qonin n-a 'aqai Noqai Takiy-a Beèin èa( èa(
Morin
Baras Baras Taulai Luu Mo(ai Morin Qonin Baras Luu
Beèin Takiy-a Noqai 'aqai Qulu(a Üker èa( èa(
n-a
Taulai Taulai Baras Üker Qulu(a Mo(ai Luu öber Taulai
Takiy-a Beèin Qonin n-a 'aqai Noqai èa( èa(
Morin
Luu Luu Mo(ai Morin Üker Baras Takiy-a Takiy-a Luu
Noqai 'aqai Qulu(a Qonin Beèin Taulai èa( èa(
n-a
Mo(ai Mo(ai Luu Taulai Baras Üker Qulu(a Üker Mo(ai
'aqai Noqai Takiy-a Beèin Qonin n-a èa( èa(
Morin

507
TRANSCRIPTION

Morin Morin Qonin Baras Taulai Luu 'aqai Noqai Morin

Qulu(a Üker Beèin Takiy-a Noqai Mo(ai èa( èa(
n-a
Qonin Üker Qulu(a Mo(ai Luu Taulai Baras Taulai Qonin
Qonin n-a 'aqai Noqai Takiy-a Beèin èa( èa(
Morin
Beèin Baras Taulai Luu Mo(ai Qulu(a Üker Qulu(a Beèin
Beèin Takiy-a Noqai 'aqai n-a Qonin n-a èa(
Morin èa(
Takiy-a Taulai Baras Üker Morin Mo(ai Luu Üker Takiy-a
Takiy-a Beèin Qonin Qulu(a Qulu(a Noqai èa( èa(
n-a n-a
Noqai Luu Mo(ai Morin Üker Baras Takiy-a Baras Beèin
Noqai 'aqai Qulu(a Qonin Beèin Taulai èa( èa(
n-a
'aqai Mo(ai Luu Taulai Baras Üker Qulu(a Taulai Baras
'aqai Noqai Takiy-a Beèin Qonin n-a èa( èa(
Morin
ede ede ede ede ede ede ede ede ede
okin-u sarada sarada sarada sarada sarada sarada èa(tur èa(tur
¯il bui okin-u tegši ¯i(uèi- eèige qadam er-e-dü üsün-i mordo(
tokiyal- bey-e- sayin du eke-de eèige ma(u samla ul-su(ai
du(ul¯u dü bui. ma(u ma(u eke-de bui.
ü¯egdek ma(u bui bui ma(u
üi

[51v]

yeke sara bögesü kürgen-

eèe ¯öb to(ala.

508
TRANSCRIPTION

ba(-a sara bögesü

ba(uray-aèa buru(u

to(ola. (olomta

ba(urai nutu( qa(al(-a

sayin bui.

sara yeke bögesü

(olomta-aèa ¯öb to(ola

sara ba(-a bögesü nutu(-aèa

buru(u to(ola.

(olomta ger nutu(

mör ede sayin bui.

sara yeke bögesü kürgen-

eèe ¯öb to(olan.

sara ba(-a bögesü

okin-aèa buru(u to(ola

nutu( ger (olomta

degüü ede sayin bui.

ene (urban kürdün-i ula(an-dur bolbasu sayin. qara-dur bolbasu ma(u

509
TRANSCRIPTION

eèige eke degüü amidu bögesü mön tegün-dü ma(u.

okin bögesü gem ülü boluyu yerü (urban dolo(an-a beri buu ab

sara yeke bögesü

er-e-eèe ¯öb to(ola

sara ba(-a bögesü em-e-

eèe buru(u to(ola.

[52r]

beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui.

Naran odun Burvabalguni Tanista Ardar

Saran odun Anurad Udaribadaribad Tanista
'al odun Anurad Ašivani Barani
Usun odun Mul Barani Šuša(
Modun odun Tanista Ardar Rôkini
Altan odun Rôkini Mig Bus
Široi odun Burvasad Jay[i]tari Rôkini.
ede odun na(šidar ede ülü ¯okiqu beri ede qa(aèiqu beri ede ayul bolqu beri
tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯e

510
TRANSCRIPTION

¯il-ün öngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ü¯ikü kürdün ene bui.

ii bing ¯a ii šim güi uu gii ging šin

ding
ding uu gii bing ding ¯a ii ging šin šim güi
gii ging šin uu ¯ii bing ding šim güi ¯a ii
šin šim yii [=güi] ging šin uu ¯ii ¯a ii bing ding
güi ¯a ii šim güi ging šin bing ding uu gii
ede önggetü ede degedü ede dumda ede eèüs beri ede ükükü ede qa(aèiqu
¯il orobasu beri bui ür-e beri bui. okin bui ür-e beri bui beri bui
¯iran ¯üil mal törömüi èuqa( ma(u ma(u
il(a¯u ü¯e delgerekü
sayin

nigen eketü ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg kemebesü er-e-yin em[-e]

¯üg-eèe ba(u(daqui. beri-yin maqabud-un öngge-yin

debel emüsteküi. (abiy-a-tu sarayin šinede ibegel

edür ba(u(daqui. er-e-yin ¯il-ün eki èa(tu

ba(uqu bui.

beri-yin dörben šilmus kemebesü dayiwang tayiqu šitügen

eke. lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keèiyen

ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai.

[52v]

tngri-yin noqay-yin kürdün egüni sara yeke bögesü kü¯ügün-eèe

511
TRANSCRIPTION

¯öb to(ola. sara ba(-a bögesü

buru(u to(ola. kü¯ügün-dür

dumda sayin. nidün-dür ür-e sadun

delgereged ülem¯i ¯ir(alang-du bolumui

aman-dur ür-e ügei bolu(ad üge da(un bolqu

qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u. ¯irüken-e mašida ¯ir(aqu. ni(uèa-dur

ür-e ügei bolqu. borbin-dur okin-da(an qarši. segül-dür köbegün

olan bolqu. küisün-e ürgül¯ide ¯okistai ¯ir(aqu. tašiyan-dur ¯okis-

tu bolqu. niru(un-dur ür-e tasuraqu. dalun-dur maši sayin bolumui.

er-e sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola

em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u. aman

-tur üge da(un uèaram. eregün-dür

dumda sayin. enggelegür sayin.

qan-dur maši sayin. kebili-dür

köbegün olan. köl-dür ma(u. segül-

tür okin olan. nira(un-dur ür-e

tasuram ge¯ige-dür meküs dumda. èiken-dür èiken terigün ülü tegüsüm. qabar-

tur qar-a mör-dü bolunam. nidün-dür nidün metü qoyar sayiqan köbegün törömüi

Qulu(an-a Luu Beèin Üker Üker Beèin Mori Beèin Luu èa(an

Üker Mo(ai Takiy-a Qulu(an-a Baras Mo(ai Qoni Takiy-a Mo(ai šar(-a

Baras Morin Noqai Taulai Taulai Baras Beèin Noqai Mori köke

512
TRANSCRIPTION

Taulai Qoni 'aqai Baras Luu 'aqai Takiy-a 'aqai Qoni boro

Luu Beèin Qulu(an-a Mo(ai Mo(ai Beèin Noqai Qulu(an-a Beèin ¯igerde

Mo(ai Takiy-a Üker Luu Morin Mo(ai 'aqai Üker Takiy-a qal¯un

Mori Noqai Baras Qoni Qoni Baras Qulu(an-a Baras Noqai küreng

Qoni 'aqai Taulai Morin Beèin 'aqai Üker Taulai 'aqai èa(an

Beèin Qulu(an-a Luu Takiy-a Takiy-a Beèin Baras Luu Qulu(an-a qaltar

Takiy-a Üker Mo(ai Beèin Noqai Mo(ai Taulai Mo(ai Üker qong(or

Noqai Baras Morin 'aqai 'aqai Baras Luu Mori Baras qula

'aqai Taulai Qoni Noqai Qulu(an-a 'aqai Mo(ai Qoni Taulai èa(an

ede okin-u kürgegèi- beri u(tu(èi- tul(-a (al tülegèi ni(ur gerte oro idegen unuqu

¯il bui yin kötelügèi yin ¯il tulu(èi ugiya(èi (ulu(èi idegülügèi morin-u

tokiyaldu terigün ¯üsü

(ulyu

[53r]

basa beri ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu

sayin edür kemebesü yeke sarayin šinein (urban

tabun ¯ir(u(an naiman. arban nigen (urban dörben

¯ir(u(an isün. qorin nigen qoyar dörben isün

(uèin-a sayin. öèüken sarayin šinein

qoyar (urban tabun naiman arban. arban nigen

(urban ¯ir(u(an naiman isün-e sayin bui.

qorin nigen dörben ¯ir(u(an isün-e sayin.

dolo(an dolo(an isün isün-e ma(u.

öšiyerkü qara edür ginggang šingpüng güiküi

513
TRANSCRIPTION

edür ma(u. Morin Beèin edür sayin. Mo(ai Noqai

'aqai edür ma(u. Saran Usun Altan ede

odun yeke sayin. Modun odun dumda. Naran

'al Široi ede odun ma(u. Rôkini Mig

Udaribalguni Mul Sadabis Udaribadaribad

Suvadi yeru sayin. Margišar Burnavasu Pus

Èista Udarisad Suša( ede beri ba(ul(aqu-du

sayin. okin buu ög. Kerteg Anurad

Qasta Ardar Burvasad Tanis Barani ede ma(u.

basa em-e abqu er-e kümün-ü nasun ü¯egdeküi.

qulu(an-a ¯iltü kümün arban tabu qorin dolo(an

(uèin ede nasun-a em-e abubasu ma(u. üker

¯iltü kümün arban tabun qorin naiman-a isün-e

ma(u baras ¯iltü kümün qorin qoyar nasun-a ma(u.

taulai ¯iltü kümün arban naiman qorin (urban x

luu ¯iltü arban (urba qorin isün-e x mo(ai

¯ilten qorin nigen-e x morin ¯iltü qorin tabu

qorin dolo(-a x qonin ¯iltü arban naiman qorin

qoyar-a x beèin ¯iltü arban isün qorin qoyar-a x

takiy-a ¯iltü qorin qoyar qorin naiman-a x noqai

¯iltü arban nigen qorin. qorin naiman x (aqai

514
TRANSCRIPTION

¯iltü arban qoyar (uèin ede nasun-a em-e

abubasu qa(aèiqu ükükü ma(u bui.

basa külil-dü ma(u. dayiwang tayiqu qangpan

qongpan šitügen-ü eke šabšu kiged-ün ¯üg

buu yabu. tngri-yin noqay-yin aman-du buu ög.

[53v]

köbegün-e ömèi ülü ögküi. okin-dur in¯i

ülü ögküi ma(u edür inu. Baras Morin Noqai

sarayin Taulai edür. Qulu(an-a Luu Beèin sarayin

Takiy-a edür. Taulai Qonin 'aqai sarayin Qulu(an-a

edür Üker Mo(ai Takiy-a sarayin Morin edür ma(u.

basa Baras Beèin sarayin Luu Mo(ai èa( ma(u.

Taulai Takiy-a sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai èa( ma(u.

Luu Noqai sarayin Qulu(an-a Morin x Mo(ai 'aqai

sarayin Üker Qonin x Qulu(an-a Morin sarayin

Baras Beèin x Üker Qonin sarayin Taulai Takiy-a

èa( ma(u.

basa šin-e kümün-i ülü asaraqu ba gerte

ülü oro(ulqu edür kemebesü Baras sarayin

Luu Noqai. Taulai sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai. Luu

515
TRANSCRIPTION

sarayin Qulu(an-a Mori. Mo(ai sarayin Üker Qoni.

Morin sarayin Baras Beèin. Qonin sarayin Taulai Takiy-a.

Beèin sarayin Luu Noqai. Takiy-a sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai.

Noqai sarayin Qulu(an-a Mori. 'aqai sarayin Üker

Qoni. Qulu(an-a sarayin Baras Beèin. Üker sarayin

Taulai Takiy-a. ede edür šin-e asaraqu ba da(a(ulbasu

e¯in-dü ma(u. ülü taèiyan gerte oro(ulbasu

arban kümün-eèe isün kümün-i ükükü maši

ma(u edür bui.

beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu ¯üg kemebesü

qulu(an-a üker (aqai ¯iltü okin-i ni(ur

umara ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin. baras taulai

luu okin-i ni(ur doron-a ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu

sayin. beèin takiy-a noqai ¯iltü okin-i ni(ur

örön-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin. mo(ai morin

qonin ¯iltü okin-i ni(ur emün-e ¯üg qandun

ba(ubasu sayin.

beri (al-du mörgügülkü èa( kemebesü. qulu(an-a

morin ¯iltü okin-i 'aqai èa(-tu (al-dur

mörgügülbesü sayin. üker qonin ¯iltü okin-i

Takiy-a èa(-du (al-du mörgügül. baras beèin ¯iltü

516
TRANSCRIPTION

[54r]

okin-i 'aqai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül. taulai

takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i Noqai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül.

luu noqai ¯iltü okin-i Taulai èa(tu (al-dur

mörgügül mo(ai (aqai ¯iltü okin-i Beèin èa(tu

(al-dur mörgügülbesü sayin.

okin-u mör (arqu edür kemebesü qulu(an-a morin

¯iltü okin-i nigen šin-e arban (urban ¯ir(u(an-a

umara doron-a mör (arbasu sayin. üker qonin

¯iltü okin-i arban isün qorin qoyar-a sayin.

qoyin-a-aèa buu qara. baras beèin ¯iltü okin

isün šin-e qorin nigen qoyar-a örön-e umar-a

¯üg sayin taulai takiy-a ¯iltü okin tabun šin-e

arban naiman-a sayin. luu noqai ¯iltü okin

arban (urban qorin nigen-e sayin. mo(ai (aqai

¯iltü okin nigen šin-e arban ¯ir(u(an-a qorin

tabun-a emün-e jüg mör (arbasu sayin.

beri mör (arqu ¯üg kemebesü mo(ai morin

¯iltü okin doron-a öl¯eyitü mör. umar-a.

(asalang-un mör. beèin takiy-a ¯iltü okin temür

maqabud dörben ¯obkis öl¯eyitü mör. baras

517
TRANSCRIPTION

taulai ¯ilten modun maqabud umar-a öl¯eyitü mör

örön-e (asalang-un mör üker luu qonin noqai

¯ilten emün-e öljeyitü mör doron-a (asalang-un

mör. qulu(an-a (aqai ¯ilten usun maqabud örön-e

öl¯eyitü mör. dörben ¯obkis (asalang-un mör.

lii-dür uèira(san beri-yi abubasu (ar-ta(an

qada(ur bari(san beri bui. ma(u. mo(ai morin

¯iltü beri-dür ülem¯i ma(u. kun-dur uèira(san

beri bügüde sayin buyan kešig bari(san beri bui sayin.

dan-dur ucira(san beri kümün-ü yasun bari(san

beri bui dumda sayin. gen-dür uèira(san beri

niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri bui

bügüdedü ma(u. kam-dur uèira(san beri (ar-

ta(an odèu( bari(san bui bügüde-dü sayin.

gin-dür uèira(san beri oroi-ta(an Kitad

qadu(ur bari(san beri bugüde-dü toli bui.

[54v]

jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-a-bar tata(ci beri

bui yeke sayin. sön-dür uèira(san beri (arta(an

širbegel bari(san bui. tegünü (artur nigen širbegel

518
TRANSCRIPTION

bari(ul¯u ger tergen arèi(ulbasu sayin.

¯asal ¯asan ¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu ibegel

ögküi abqui gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa(

kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai.

er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü anu.

qulu(an-a luu beèin ¯ilten ibegel ¯okiqu.

üker mo(ai takiy-a ¯ilten ¯okiqu. baras morin

noqai ¯ilten ¯okiqu. taulai qonin (aqai ¯ilten

¯okiqu sayin ede ¯ilten er-e em-e bolbasu

uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un sayin köbegün

törökü bui.

qoyar qulu(an-a ¯iltü er-e em-e bolbasu köbegün

olan bolqu sayin. qoyar üker ¯iltü uru(

èuqa( bayan sayin. qoyar baras ¯iltü uru(

cögen bayan sayin. qoyar taulai ¯iltü köbegün olan

bayan sayin. qoyar luu ¯iltü uru( èögen

ügegüü bui. qoyar mo(ai ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan

sayin. qoyar morin ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan sayin

qoyar qonin ¯iltü uru( olan bayan sayin. qoyar

beèin ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan sayin. qoyar takiy-a

¯iltü köbegün uru( èuqa( bolu(ad keregürèi ma(u.

519
TRANSCRIPTION

qoyar noqai ¯iltü köbegün èögen keregürèi ma(u.

qoyar (aqai ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan sayin bui.

basa qulu(an-a ¯iltü okin-i taulai ¯iltüdü

buu ög. üker ¯iltü okin-i luu ¯iltü-dü

buu ög. baras ¯iltü okin-i mo(ai ¯iltü-dü

buu ög. taulai ¯iltü okin-i morin ¯iltü-dü

buu ög. luu ¯iltü okin-i qonin ¯iltü-dü

buu ög. mo(ai ¯iltü okin-i beèin ¯iltü-dü

buu ög. morin ¯iltü okin-i takiy-a ¯iltü-dü

buu ög. qonin ¯iltü okin-i noqai ¯iltü-dü

buu ög. beèin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai ¯iltü-dü

buu ög. takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i qulu(an-a ¯iltü-dü buu ög.

noqai ¯iltü-yi ükertü buu ög. (aqai ¯iltü-yi baras ¯iltüdü

buu ög.

[55r]

basa nigen eketü tngri (a¯ar-un on sara

edür èa( möèe. odun gara( ede bügüde-yin

e¯in inu tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu.

ya(un-u tula kemebesü kümün ba yerü

qamu( amitan-i to(ala¯u medekü-yin tula

520
TRANSCRIPTION

ba(umui. yabudal inu nara sara-lu(-a saèa(u

yabumui. bey-e inu (urban tib-i degürümüi.

kümün-ü bey-e-dü. noqai terigütü. (aqai

qoši(utu. šiba(un ¯igürtü kimusutu.

mo(ai segültü qar-a öngge-dü Sümber

a(ula-yi ¯öbšiyerküy-e ¯egün qabar(-a

kebte¯ü bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimüi.

qaburun (urban sarada<n> terigün inu doron-a

aman inu doron-a emün-e. segül inu örön-e

[n]iru(un inu umara. kebeli inu emün-e amui.

¯un-u (urban sarada<n> terigün inu emün-e aman

inu emün-e örön-e. kebeli inu örön-e.

niru(un inu doron-a. segül inu umar-a.

namurun (urban sarada terigün inu örön-e

aman inu örön-e umara. kebeli inu umara.

segül inu doron-a. niru(un inu emün-e.

ebülün (urban sarada terigün inu umara. aman

inu doron-a umara. kebeli inu doron-a.

segül inu emün-e. [n]iru(un inu örön-e bui.

tegün-ü terigün-dür ger buu bari. aman-dur

èirig buu morda. [n]iru(un-tur beri buu ab<a>.

521
TRANSCRIPTION

kebili-tür adu(usun buu ab segül-tür yasun

[55v]

buu (ar(-a. terigün gedesün qoyar-tu beri ab. aman-a

(a¯ar usun-i taki. niru(un-tur èerig ba ayan

aba mordabasu ger baribasu. yasun ba rdovarma

(ar(abasu sayin bui:. Baras Morin Noqai ¯il emün-e

sayin. Taulai Qonin 'aqai ¯il doron-a sayin Qulu(ana

Luu Beèin ¯il doron-a umara sayin. Üker Mo(ai Takiy-a ¯il

örön-e umara sayin. tngri-yin noqay-yin yabudal

yeke kereg-dü bui.

¯il-ün tayisui kemebesü Qulu(an-a Üker ¯il

doron-a. Baras Taulai ¯il emün-e. Luu Mo(ai ¯il

emün-e örön-e. Morin Qonin ¯il örön-e.

Beèin Takiy-a ¯il örön-e umara. Noqai 'aqai

¯il umara. ede ¯üg-dü sa(umu.

basa tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü

Kerteg Rôkini Margašar Burnavasu Jayitari

Mig Suvadi Anurad Burvasad Udarisad Abaji

Širvan Udaribadaripad ede sayin. Saran Modun

Široi ede odud sayin. arban arban nigen

522
TRANSCRIPTION

qorin dörben tabun sayin.

basa debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin

Üker Morin Qonin Noqai 'aqai edür sayin Sara

Usun Modu Altan eden odud sayin. Rôkini Bus

Burnavasu Qasta Jayitari Suvadai Šuša( Anurad

Udarasad Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad ede sayin.

basa debel eskeküi inu nigen šin-e ödter da(usqabasu

sayin. qoyar (urban sayin. dörben-e ma(u tabun-a

(al-un oèi-du tülekü ¯ir(u(an-a köser-e qoèoraqu

[56r]

dolo(an-a qulu(an-a qa¯[a]qu naiman-a sedkil ¯obaqu isün-e

yeke bayasqulang bolqu arban-a öl¯eyitü sayin. arban nigen

(al-un oèi-tu tülekü arban qoyar-a. qula(ai-tu abtaqu.

arban (urban-a ¯obalang bolqu arban dörben-e. öl¯eyitü

bolqu arban tabun-a ¯obalang bolqu arban ¯ir(u(an-a bayan sayin.

bolqu arban dolo(an-a aši( tusa bolqu arban naiman-a

olan arad ¯okiqu arban isün-e köser-e qoèorqu

qorin-a olan kümün ma(u sedkekü. qorin nigen-e ülü

¯okiqu qorin qoyar-a ma(u kü¯ügün (arqu qorin

(urban-a yeke bayasqulang bolqu qorin dörben-e. ebedèin

523
TRANSCRIPTION

bolqu qorin tabun-a öl¯eyitü bolqu qorin ¯ir(u(an-a

qoor ada bolqu qorin dolo(an-a sedkil ¯obiqu [=¯obaqu] qorin

naiman-a ¯obalang bolqu qorin isün-e qa(aèaqu

¯obalang bolqu. (uèin-a bayan sayin. bolqu basa nigen-e

eketü debel emüskü sayin edür kemebesü Modun Usun

Altan eden odud sayin. buyan kešig nemeyü Nara odun-dur

ed mal qorom¯i bolqu Sara 'al Široi odun ma(u.

Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai Šuša( Anurad Udarisad

Abaji Širvan Tanis Ašivani ede edüd šin-e debel

emüsbesü sayin: Ardar Mig ma(u. busu odun düli bui.

öber-ün törögsen odun-dur ya(un buu üiled.

quda anda bolqui-du (ayitu bui.

basa em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü.

Naran Saran Modun Altan ede odud sayin.

Kerteg Bus Margašar Qasta Jayitari Suvadi

Tanista. Burvabadaripad Udaribadaribad

Rivadi ede sayin. Takiy-a edür sayin. Qonin

edür ma(u. Taulai Takiy-a edür em ögkü-dür sayin.

Mo(ai ma(u. Mul odun ba dörben-e ma(u.

[56v]

524
TRANSCRIPTION

basa bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun

toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu. Naran

odun-dur gegen oyutu bolumui. Modun odun

maši mergen bolqu Altan odun-dur tusa yeke bolqu.

ede (urban odun-aèa busu inu ma(u: Margasar

Burnavasu Bus Mig Udaribalguni Suvadai Šuša( Anurad

Èista Burvasad Udarasad ede sayin: Širavan ma(u.

busu bügüde dumda bui. naiman šinede toyin bolbasu

šagšabud-iyan yosu(ar sakiqu bolu(ad. ed idegen

olqu bui. arban tabun-a yosun medeküi mergen uqa(atu

bolumui. arban ¯ir(u(an-a sedkil-dür ¯okis-tu

bolumui. šin-e-yin qoyar (urban tabun arban.

arban nigen (urban ede edüd sayin: qa(uèin

kiged üd[e]ši-yin èa(-dur ed-iyen baraqu ma(u bui.

basa abašig abqu edürün sayin. ma(u il(al kemebesü

namurun dumdadu sarayin arban tabun-aèa. qaburun

eèüs sarayin arban tabun kürtele Dolo(an sara abašig

abqu sayin edür bui: nigen šini tabun dolo(an naiman

šini arban. arban nigen (urban dörben tabun ede

edüd sayin: Naran Saran Modun Altan ede odud

abašig abqu sayin. Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista

525
TRANSCRIPTION

Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin:

basa na(šidar sayin. bögesü qa(uèin-dur abu(daqu

kemen Keriy-e-yin ündüsün-dür nomla(san buyu::.

¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür em ülü u(uuqu.

basa aliba sarayin noqai-dur ebedèin emleküy-[y]i

èigerlegülün nomla¯uqui::.

[57r]

Qulu(an-a edür iro-a ülü ü¯ekü. üsün

kir(abasu bayan sayin bolqu. ger-eèe nayir

(arbasu ¯oèid irekü. noqai kegübesü

öni qola (a¯ar-a öni qutu(-aèa bièig

irekü. keriy-e ba ša(a¯a(ai: kegübesü

sayin bui. üile bolqu. debel tülebesü

qulu(an-a qa¯abasu ada todqor bolqu.

darusun uu(ubasu kimuraqu üile bo[l]qu.

Üker edür noyan ülü isanglaqu. šin-e

mala(-a ülü emüskü. üsün kir(abasu

kimusu ta(aribasu (abiy-a tusa yeke

bolqu. ger-eèe nayir (arbasu qola

(a¯arèa ¯oèid irekü. keriy-e kegübesü sayin

526
TRANSCRIPTION

bayasqulang-du kele irekü. debel tülebesü

qulu(an-a qa¯abasu sayin bui.

Baras edür ya(unber ülü taki(daqu. üsün

kir(abasu ada todqor bolqu. kimusun

ta(aribasu ed tavar olqu keriy-e

kegübesü ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu

debel [tülebesü] qulu(an-a qa¯abasu noqai kegübesü

maši sayin. nayitabasu ger-dür ¯oèid

irekü. Taulai edür quddug ülü

maltaqu. üsün kir(abasu èayiqu.

kimusun ta(aribasu ükül-ün yasun ü¯ekü

üile bolqu. gereèe nayir (arbasu qola-

aèa qudalduèin irekü. noqai kegübesü

ma(u arad-lu(-a ¯ol(oqu. debel

[57v]

tülebesü qulu(an-a qa¯abasu keriy-e

kegübesü aliba üiles-dür maši sayin.

Luu edür öni ülü oyilaqu. üsün

kir(abasu yeke kümün-ü kele aman bolqu.

ger-eèe nayir (arbasu ¯oèid irekü. noqai

527
TRANSCRIPTION

kegübesü ger dotor-a qoor qomsa bolqu.

debel tülebesü qulu(an-a qa¯abasu

keriy-e kegübesü aliba üiles-dür sayin.

Mo(ai edür qola mör ülü (arqu üsün

kir(abasu ebedèin taqul bolqu. kimusun

ta(aribasu keriy-e kegübesü ma(ui kelen

aman bolqu. noqai kegübesü ger-dür

qula(ayièi oroqu. debel tülebesü okin

kümün ükügsen-i sonostaqu. nayitabasu

(abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu. ger-eèe nayir (arbasu

bayasqulang bolqu. Morin edür kümün-i

ülü qariyaqu ¯anèiqu. üsün kir(abasu

nidün-dür qarši. kimusun ta(aribasu sayin

kelen sonosqu. ger-eèe nayir (arbasu

qola-yin ¯oèid irekü. keriy-e kegübesü

kündülegdekü ¯oèid irekü. debel tülebesü

sedkel ¯obaqu. qulu(an-a qa¯abasu

ebedèin taqul bolqu. nayitabasu nasun

urtu bolqu. Qonin edür em ülü

idekü. üsün x köbegün aèinar delgerekü.

kimusun x nayitabasu amara( kümün-lu(-a

528
TRANSCRIPTION

¯ol(oqu. ger-eèe x sayin iro-a bui.

[58r]

Noqai x keriy-e x ed tavar olqu.

qulu(an-a debil x darasun idegen-dür

uèiraqu. nayitabasu sayin belge bui.

Beèin edür šin-e širegen sandali deger-e

ülü sa(uqu. üsün x sedkigsen üile

bütükü. kimusun x ed tavar olqu. keriy-e

kegübesü tariyan tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad

ada todqor bolqu. debel tülebesü [qulu(an-a] qa¯ibasu

ma(u. üge irekü. nayitabasu ¯oèid irekü.

Takiy-a edür ülü qurimlaqu ¯oèid ülü

uriqu. takiy-a ülü alaqu. miq-a-yi ülü

idekü. üsün x keregül bolqu. kimusun x sayin

üge sonosqu. keriy-e x ol¯a olqu. noqai x

sedkil ülü amuqu. debel tülebesü

[qulu(an-a] qa¯ibasu üile bütükü. nayitabasu ebedèin

bolumui. Noqai edür noqai ülü te¯igekü

ülü alaqu ülü ¯anèiqu. ülü abqu

üsün x bayan sayin bolqu. kimusun x

529
TRANSCRIPTION

qola (a¯ar ¯oriqu debel qayabasu sayin

bayasqulang bolqu. ger-eèe x ¯oèid irekü

nayitabasu ayuqu üile bolqu. [n]oqai

[x] sayin. keriy-e [x] qurim-dur uèiraqu. debel

tülebesü bayasqulang bolqu.

'aqai edür okin ülü ögkü. (aqai ülü alaqu

miq-a ülü idekü. üsün x ada(usun olqu.

kimusun x sayin. ger-eèe [x] ada todqor

bolqu. debel tülebesü qulu(an-a qa¯abasu

[58v]

ayul-du üile bolqu. nayitabasu küsel

bütükü.

basa (a¯ar-un ba(atud-un tere ¯üg èereg ba

negüüdel buu od. okin beri buu ög. buu

ab. mör ba yasun buu (ar(-a. aliba

üiles egün-eèe ¯ayila(daqu bolai. Qulu(an-a

Üker 'aqai (urban ¯ilün (a¯ar-un ba(atud

umar-a. Baras Taulai Luu (urban ¯il-ün

(a¯ar-un ba(atud doron-a. Mo(ai Morin

Qonin ¯il emün-e. Beèin Takiy-a Noqai ¯il

530
TRANSCRIPTION

örön-e bui.

basa qo(osun qumq-a anu Baras sara

örön-e Taulai qoyin-a. Luu ¯egünde. Mo(ai

emün-e. Morin örön-e. Qoni qoyin-a. Beèin

¯egü[n]de. Takiy-a emün-e. Noqai örön-e 'aqai

qoyin-a. Qulu(an-a ¯egünde. Üker sara

emün-e ¯üg amui.

basa (a¯ar-un sünesü anu. Baras Mo(ai

Beèin 'aqai edür-e o(tar(ui-du amui

Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a edür ¯absar-du.

ene dolo(an edür (a¯ar köndebesü gem

ügei. Luu Noqai Üker Qoni Taulai

edür (a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a ba(uqu

tula (a¯ar köndebesü ülü bolumui.

basa biyoo kemebesü aliba sarayin nigen šin-e

naiman-a arban. arban nigen tabun. qorin

qoyar isün (uèin-a (a¯ar buu könde ma(u bui.

[59r]

na(šidar-un ner-e na(šidar-<y>i e¯ilekü-yin qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai

ner-e ene bui.

531
TRANSCRIPTION

Kerteg (adquldu(èi tngri-yin egüden beèin-ü

odun
Rôkini bayan kümün-i noqay-yin
ügeyiregülügèi odun
Margašar šilu(un ön<e>gge ¯ögelen ünegen-ü
odun
Ardar usun-dur alda(san šimnus-un üniyen-ü
odun
Burnavasu ¯i(ulèin mör türidkegèi odun (aqay-yin
Bus (anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in ima(an-u
odun
Asli( öröne umara-yin ši¯im odun mo(ay-yin
Mig albin-u degeremeèi odun mo(ay-yin
Burvabalguni qaškirqui èögebüri odun to(os-un
Udaribalguni üküger qara ¯arudasun odun ötege
Qasta (altu tor(on ergiküi modun mo(ay-yin
odun
Jayitari bu(u-yin eber-ün a(ui odun baras-un
Suvadi bütügèi odun bu(u-yin
Suša( küü sang bari(èi odun baras-un
Anurad nigen em-e isün er-e-yi geresengeri
daruqu odun
Èista tngri-yin šijim odun beèin-ü
Mul qan kümün törö¯ü ükükü to(os-un
odun
Burvasad dolo(an öl¯eyitü bayan odun arsalan-u
Udarisad dörbel¯in güri odun šara ötege-yin
Abiji da(ulaèi önöèin odun bu(u-yin
Širvang ila(un daru(da(èi odun morin-u

532
TRANSCRIPTION

Tanista görögeèin šimnus-un odun šara šiba(un-u

Sadabis miqaèi èögebüri-yin odun luvas[a]n-u
Burvabadaribad yeke sun-a odun mo(i-u[=mo(ay-yin]
Udaribadaribad miqaèi ¯a(an odun lausan-u
Rivadi ür-e tasulu(èi odun morin-u
Ašivani nigen kümün ki¯a(ar dayisun qonin
daru(èi odun
Barani abu(èi eliy-e odun üker-ün

qa(aèiltu dörben edür anu. qabur namurun qu(us

¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai.
aliba sayin üiles-i èigerle.

[59v]

na(šidar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a bui düri ba maqabud ene bui.

Kerteg ¯ir(u(an odun kir(a(ul metü (al bui

Rôkini dolo(an odun tergen metü široi bui
Margašar (urban odun görögesün terigün kei bui
metü
Ardar qoyar odun dabqur seèig metü usun bui
Burnavasu naiman odun gerün [n]iru(un metü kei bui
Bus (urban odun yasutu meneki metü (al bui
Asli( tabun odun mo(ay-yin terigün usun bui
metü
Mig ¯ir(u(an odun morin metü (al bui

533
TRANSCRIPTION

Burvabalguni qoyar odun modun metü (al bui

Udaribalguni qoyar odun sandali metü kei bui
Qasta taban odun (ar metü kei bui
Jayitari nigen odun lingquu-a metü kei bui
Suvadi dörben odun jindamuni metü kei bui
Suša( dörben odun ima(an-u terigün (al bui
metü
Anurad tabun odun ¯a(an-u terigün metü široi bui
Èista (urban odun kegür-ün nüke metü široi bui
Mul (urban odun arsalan-u ¯o(dor usun bui
metü
Burvasad dörben odun subur(an metü usun bui
Udarisad dörben odun örölbi metü široi bui
Abiji (urban odun ¯a(an-u terigün metü široi bui
Širvang (urban odun kögerge metü široi bui
Tanista dörben odun šiba(un metü usun bui
Sadabis qoyar odun èeèeg metü široi bui
Burvabadaribad nigen odun modun metü (al bui
Udaribadaribad qoyar odun modun metü usun bui
Rivadi (uèin qoyar odun ong(oèa metü usun bui
Ašivani (urban odun morin-u terigün metü kei bui
Barani. (urban odun mese metü (al bui
basa ed bara(daqu kešig ba(uraqu edür anu

dörben èa(-un a(ur oroqu-yin uridu

nigen edür bolai.

basa yeke (arul(-a-u [=(arul(-a-yin edür] anu.

534
TRANSCRIPTION

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Beèin 4 'aqai 5 Taulai

6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a 9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Beèin 12 Mo(ai

[60r]

küèün kürgen sögödkü

kürdün ene bui.

sara yeke bögesü

kürgen-eèe jöb to(ala.

sara ba(-a bögesü egüde-eèe buru(u to(ala

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egüüde anu sayin.

busud anu tokiyaldubasu ülü bolumui.

tabun qalqala(èi ede kemebesü.

qong keriy-e-ü [=yin] soddu. yasutu menekey-yin

kürmeli. so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün. orong(u-yin

eber. bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a. ede tabun bui.

basa ¯ilün qo(osun anu. Nigen sarayin

Qulu(an-a Qoyar sarayin Üker 'urban

Baras Dörben Taulai Tabun Luu ®ir(u(an Mo(ai

Dolo(an Mori. Naiman Qoni. Isün Beèin. Arban

Takiy-a Arban nigen Noqai Arban qoyar sarayin

'aqai edür bolai.

535
TRANSCRIPTION

Nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma(. 2 Mo(ai

3 Üker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 Üker. 7 Mori.

8 Mo(ai. 9 Üker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 Üker

Nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras

3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a. 5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a.

7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a ede šara ula(an quma(-du edüd-dü

¯i(ulèilabasu kümün ükükü ger baribasu

¯a(u qono(-du tüimer šitaqu. ökin

ögkü beri ba(ul(abasu ¯a(u qono(-du ükükü

[60v]

basa nigen eketü suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu esü( [=esüg]

¯ula(-un negegemel edür anu. Nigen sarayin Takiy-a Qulu(an-a

'aqai. Qoyar sarayin Qulu(an-a Üker Luu Mo(ai Beèin

Morin Noqai 'aqai edür-e sayin. 'urban sarayin Qulu(an-a

Üker Taulai Beèin edür-e sayin. Dörben sarayin Luu Morin

Qonin Beèin edür-e sayin. Tabun Baras Taulai Luu Mo(ai Morin

Qonin Takiy-a 'aqai edür-e sayin bui. ®ir(u(an Baras Taulai

Luu Mo(ai Beèin Noqai edür-e sayin. Dolo(an Takiy-a edür

maši sayin. Naiman Qulu(an-a Üker Baras Taulai Takiy-a

536
TRANSCRIPTION

'aqai edür-e sayin. Isün Taulai Luu Beèin 'aqai edür-e

sayin. Arban Taulai Luu Beèin Takiy-a edür-e sayin.

Arban nigen Üker Baras edür-e sayin. Arban qoyar Üker

Baras Taulai Mori Qoni Beèin takiy-a Noqai edür-e sayin.

edeger negegemel kemekü edür-e nigen èabda(ur saèuli

er<e>gübesü qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayišiyamu

busu edür-e èa(an Qonin šigüsü-ber takibaèu ülü

oyišiyamu keme¯üküi.

basa nigen ¯üil odun erdem-<y>i to(olabasu.

Rôkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis keš[i]g-ün odun bui. ed

mal ülü (ar(amui. Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin

odun bui. ¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui Pus Suvadi Rivad’i

Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu kümün-ü üiles-dü

sayin. Burvabalguni Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui.

üiles bügüde-dü ma(u kememüi. Burvabadaribad

Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-ün odun bui.

ükügsed-ün nom-du [...] Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni

dayisun-u odun bui. dayisun-a ¯ol(obasu sayin. Kerteg

Margašar Èayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui. nom

buyan üiledkü-dü sayin.

qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu öl¯i qutu(

537
TRANSCRIPTION

oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui. dorona Margasar

Bus qoyar emüne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar. örön-e

Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar. umara

Udaribadaribad kiged Ašivani qoyar naiman

öber-ün odun kemebesü Ardar Burnavasu qoyar

Qasta Jayitar qoyar. Anurad Tanisa qoyar.

[61r]

Sadabis Burvabadaribad qoyar bui. dörben ür-e

tasura(san odun kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar.

Abaji Barani qoyar buyu. dörben tan odun

kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i

qoyar. dörben belbesün odun kemebesü

Kerteg Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan kiged buyu.

qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i tabun maqabud-iyar

il(abasu. Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg

Rokini eden modun bui Mi<n>g Burvabalguni

Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvad’i eden

(al bui. Anurad Èistan Mul Burvasad

Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui. Tanis Sadabis

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani

538
TRANSCRIPTION

eden usun bui. Asli( Šuša( Širvan Barani eden

široy-yin èinar buyu na(šidar-a i¯a(ur obo(-iyar

il(abasu Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben

odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu. eden edür

ebedèin emlebesü üiles sedübesü tarni uribasu

aši( tusa eribesü nom nomlabasu baèa( sangvar

abubasu öndür bütügekü üiles sayin. qur-a

orobasu qoyin-a (a'ng bolqu. köbegün töröbesü

biy-e bildar (oo-a üges-dür urin [=uran] bolu(ad

oyun qurdun olan sana(atu itegelügei böged

nayan nasulaqu buyu Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad

Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun èingbatu

obo(-tan buyu. eden odud qan oro[n-a] sa(ubasu

noyan isanglabasu šin-e (a¯ar il(abasu qota

bal(asun baribasu kereg ¯ara( keyibesü išiten tübšidkü

üiles sayin boro(an orobasu üsken bolqu

köbegün töröbesü qudal ülü ügülekü nayan

nasulaqu buyu Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad

Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan obo(-

tan buyu. degedüs-<y>i takiqui ba. törö bariqui ba.

eyetün èi(ul’qui ba. toyin quvara(-un-yi [=quvara(-ud-i]

539
TRANSCRIPTION

kündeleküi ba. èimeg ¯igüküi amurling(ui üiles

sayin boro(an orobasu qoyin-a qur-a elbeg

[61v]

köbegün töröbesü oyun qurdun ügen-tür

uran sana(-a tübšin böged sayin ner-e aldaršiqu

qorin naiman nasun-a ese ükübesü ¯iran nasulayu

Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun

qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu eden edür èereg

mordabasu dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i quriyaqui

degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui oi modun o(talqui

kiged aliba do(šin üiles-dür sayin. boro(an

orobasu basa oroqu köbegün töröbesü

qata(uu do(šin aburitu qorin nasun-aèa

önggerebesü dalan nasulayu Burnavasu Suvad'i

Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u

ülü tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu eden edür

qola busu (a¯ar-a odqu ba. qudaldu keyiküi ba. ülü

tübšidkü üiles-dür sayin. qur-a orobasu

darui-tur oroqu köbegün töröbesü qudalèi

umarta[m]ta(ai ma(u a(ali-tu boluyu nasun anu nayan

540
TRANSCRIPTION

nasulayu Mig Burvasad Burvabadaribad Barani eden

maši tübšin obo(-tan buyu quda anda bolqui

adu(usun qudalduqui bo(ol ¯arudasun abqui

rabnas oroši(ulqui kiged buyantu üiles-dür

sayin bui boro(an orobasu basa oromui.

köbegün töröbesü šilu(un aburitu bolu(ad

uran böged ¯iran nasulayu Kerteg Šuša( qoyar èing

böged ¯ögelen obo(-tan buyu eden edüd erdeni

terigüten-i uralabasu (al mandal tülebesü sayin

aši( tusa eribesü dumda boro(an orobasu

basa oromui. köbegün töröbesü ¯ala(uu-

dur ¯oba(ad ötelküi-dür ¯ir(amui::::::.

dörben terigün odun-dur adis ülü

daru(ulqu dörben eèüs odun-dur

qutu( ülü oroši(ulqu bui::

541
 TRANSLATION

[1v] I prostrate myself before the guru, Mañjuúri (Manjušari), who, in the compassion

of superior understanding, is the one who, having brought forth the rain of good merit from

the clouds, causes it to fall upon the grains of supreme peace.

While those whom the aggregate of doctrines on supreme truth frees from

conceptualization (tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèa(san) do not strive in conceptualization to be counted

as individuals, those who do not yet understand the three times ((urban èa(), need relative

truth (ina(unki), etc., and the links of dependent origination (sitün barildaqu üiles). Saying

this, Buddha, the Bodhisattvas, the god Mañjuúri, who preached from the root tantras

(ündüsün dandris), the Kâlacakra (Èa(-un kürdün), Cakrasambara (Jagr-a sambur-a),83 etc.,

those of Mahâmâya (Maq-a mayai),84 and Mañjuúri,85 and in the sutras, and who found

supernatural knowledge in the world, together with the sages, have taught, most extensively,

mathematics and the benefits of reckoning.

Bandida Sim}ha Sali (Singq-a Sari),86 who understood the five sciences (tabun oron),

said that although you who are purified by the quality of a single-pointed mind ((anèa ü¯ügür

sedkil-ün èinar) do not need striving nor phenomenalization, if one desires the understanding

of the three times which precedes happiness, one must study these things. Also, because it

has been preached thus, considering in what manner to represent the three kinds of

83
The root tantra is the Cakrasamvara-tantra. Cf. Raghu Vira 1959: 13.
84
The root tantra is the Mahâmâyatantra-nâma. Cf. Newman 1987: 402.
85
The Mañjuúrîmûlatantra.
86
Translation uncertain.

542
TRANSLATION

mathematics, outer, inner, and secret,87 in order to make a pure offering, [2r] one relies upon

the sutras preached by Buddha who victoriously passed beyond, the tantras, and especially

upon the five planets (tabun gara()88 in the Kâlacakra and the six aspects of unity

(qamtudquy-yin ¯ir(u(an qubi). Also, as for the mathematics of pure essence (teyin böged

arilu(san-u to(-a), the basis by which are made known the planets sympathetic to the various

parts of rituals (ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi gara(),89 the addition or subtraction of days,

the tables of the stars and nakshatra, the three kinds of day (qono(-un (urban ¯üil), and

classification (il(al), it was preached in other sutras.

Here the Bodhisattva, Mañjuúri, refuge of living beings and the incarnation of Buddha,

is the one who teaches mathematics, etc. in the land of black China. It is Mañjuúri's land of

the Chinese. It was preached in the root tantra of Mañjuúri, translated from Sanskrit, that if

an ignorant son is to perform rites pertaining to the mathematics of black China and the sutras

which have come from there, then any designation of a new moon should be made from an

understanding of the Chinese sutras.

87
These are the three kinds of time according to the Kâlacakra-tantra (Cornu 1997:
25-26).
88
The reference here might be to sections of the Kâlacakra sources which treat the
five planets. An example of this would be Kâlacakratantra I,40-I,49(1), which describes "the
movement of the five planets" (Schuh 1972: 25).
89
Nigülesküi (compassion, sympathy) is the second of the four boundless states which
comprise one of the seven parts (gešigün) of tantric ritual (ündüsün [cf. Lessing, 1178, 1170,
1191]), but here it appears to be an astrological term, referring to the planets best suited to
the various parts of ritual.

543
TRANSLATION

As to why this is so, it is said that in China on the fifteenth day of the first month of

spring, the dawn breaks by the Mig nakshatra. Because of this, it is said that in the Mig

month the roots of grass rejuvenate and, according to the Chinese mathematical treatises, on

the thirteenth day of the first month of spring, the Tiger day causes the wheel [of the heavens]

to move, and, led by the Wood star, is born in the Bus nakshatra. To elucidate what has been

taught, it is said that making the Mig month the first month of spring, if one counts according

to the custom of beginning with the Earth star on the first day of the month, then, the

celebration of the Bodhisattva Mañjuúri's birth is the day when the thirteenth, the Tiger day,

together with the Wood star, [2v] coincide with the Bus nakshatra.

Also, according to the Chinese sutra, ?Lii-du ting sang,90 one should designate the Mig

month as the Tiger month, the first month of spring. It is because of this that, according to

the custom of the Chinese astrologers, which was taught by Mañjuúari, making the Tiger

month, which is the first month of spring, Qubi sara91 and then beginning to count from there,

the mathematics of the twelve months, the conjunctions of the stars and nakshatra, the

assembling and dispersing of the eight classes (naiman ayima(), and the like, the distinction

between acquiring and losing, the mathematics of the twelve links of dependent origination

(arban qoyar sitün barildaqui) according to the Indian tradition, the hours of the day and

night, the division of the quarter hours and so forth, all purify the suffering that is in the

90
Translation uncertain.
91
That is, the first month of the year.

544
TRANSLATION

world, and for the sake of bringing peace and happiness, this pure brilliant calendar was

composed with equanimity.

Although here there is no way to understand the sunrise and the stars, etc., according

to the Indian custom, [this manual] was created according to the Chinese mathematicians by

beginning the Tiger, Horse, and Dog months under the influence of Saturn. The nakshatra

were composed by integrating that which is in keeping with the custom of the Chinese

astrologers together with the Heart of the Sun Sutra (Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur) which was

preached by Buddha. The twelve links of dependent origination were composed according

to the custom created by Nâgârjuna from the tantra of Cakrasambara. The years, the eight

classes, etc., the lords of land and water ((a¯ar usun-u e¯id), when they assemble and disperse,

where they reside and so forth were all composed according to the custom of the Chinese

astrologers. For this reason the wise should understand that custom well and study it

carefully.

[3r] Also, as to designating the beginning of the new year, in keeping with the

Kâlacakra, making the first of the year the Jayitari month, which comes in the middle of

spring, it will be celebrated when the leaves, which have since fallen, begin to reappear. In

keeping with the custom of the tantras of Vajradâkinî (Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün ) and

Cakrasambara (Jagr-a-sambur-a) it will be celebrated on the sixteenth day of the Margišar

month when the winter sun descends (ebülün nara ba(uqu edür).92 [And] it will be

92
That is, the first day of winter.

545
TRANSLATION

celebrated after the Bus month of the Chinese mathematicians has left this land (China) and

the dust has settled, making the Mig month the first month of spring.93

As to using the names of the nakshatra for the twelve months, Suša( and so forth, for

the sake of conformity this custom should be learned.

Also the astrological customs regarding days to be dropped and intercalary months

should be known. As for the days to be dropped, in this year there are twelve months. Six

masculine months each have 30 days. In the six feminine months there are no more than

twenty-nine days. Thus, six days will be dropped. Then, at the respective times when the sun

pauses in the south and when it pauses in the north (nara bayiqu),94 two days will be dropped.

Adding these together, then, in three years they will make an intercalary month. Sages such

as Nâgârjuna etc. preached this in sutras such as the Kâlacakra.

Also in that sutra, concerning the custom of dropping six days according to the tenets

of the supreme Abidharma,95 while there are thirty days in the Tiger month, the first month

of spring, because there are not thirty days in the Hare month, the twenty-ninth day will be the

final day of the month. [3v] Also, while there are thirty days in the Dragon month, because

there are not fifteen days in the first half of the Snake month, the fourteenth becomes the

fifteenth. Also, while there are thirty days in the Horse month, because there are not thirty

93
For the names of the nakshatra which designate the twelve months see Table IV.13.
94
These two periods are the winter and summer solstices, when the sun seems to
pause and change direction, in winter, from south to north, in summer back toward the south.
95
Tib. chos mngon pa; S. abhidharma. Name of the third section of the Buddhist
basic scriptures, constituting a systematization of Buddhist doctrine.

546
TRANSLATION

days in the Sheep month, it is as before. Also, while there are thirty days in the Monkey

month, because there is no fifteenth in the Cock month, it is as before. Also while there are

thirty days in the Dog month, because there are not thirty days in the Pig month, it is as before.

And finally, while there are thirty days in the Rat month, because there is no fifteenth in the

Ox month, it is as before.

Also, as for those who uphold the custom of Vinaya (Dülb-a) disciplinary regulations

of the lamas and the general tenets for counting the days by clepsydra, it is said that there will

be an intercalary month after the lustrum (tabun ¯üil).96 According to the tenets of Nâgârjuna

regarding the six months in which days are dropped, as they pertain to a sign which indicates

that one should drop a day from the last part of the month instead of from the first, it should

be understood that if by looking with one eye, the external lunar mansion of this day has

passed in front of the moon, it is the external nakshatra of the next day, and it is this day

which should be dropped. One must distinguish the nakstatra from the stars of the days

which have been dropped.

Also as for dropping four days during the times when the sun proceeds to the south

and when it proceeds to the north, when there is no clear day to drop, the sun will reside in

the same place in three days time each time, but because this is not counted as two stars of the

days or nakshatra, [4r] these days may be dropped.97

96
The translation of “lustrum” here is uncertain. See Vogel 1964: 232-233; Schuh
1973: 8-9.
97
Rather, the position of the sun at the solstices is marked by one day-star and one
nakshatra. Therefore, two days may be dropped at each solstice.

547
TRANSLATION

To treat the intercalary month in the same way, over the middle month of spring in the

Rat year two days will be dropped. In the middle month of summer in the Hare year, two.

In the middle month of autumn in the Horse year, two. In the middle month of autumn in the

Cock year, two. Also, if one were to consider the star and nakshatra for the intercalary

month, it should be understood that two days are dropped from that month as well. If one

does not understand this, and continues to count without knowing which days to drop or the

intercalary month, then the good and bad results will not be accomplished. This was preached

by the Master, Nâgârjuna.

To summarize the intercalary month, if one studies these methods for counting [which

days to drop] and tries to bring them all under one system, one must be careful not to drop

days in only one direction. Some months one will drop a day from the initial fifteen days.

Other months one will drop a day from the latter fifteen days.

Thus, one should know the waxing and waning of the moon. One should examine

carefully with one's own eyes the moment at which the lunar mansion is in conjunction with

the moon. Also, if one were to say that the tenets found in edicts, those of Nâgârjuna, etc, and

of the supreme sages are different from this, it is because it was taught in the sutras that in

times of calamity the sun and moon will lose their way [among the stars], but the weather of

the years, months and quarter hours will agree.98 What is common in the tenets of many

sutras, however, is that over three years there will be one intercalary month.

98
This refers to the Chinese system of dividing the year into "twenty-four joints and
breaths" (Palmer 1986: 64-66).

548
TRANSLATION

In general, when making any of these calculations, [4v] one needs to know unerringly

which day to drop. Knowing this, one needs to examine the star and the lunar mansions

throughout one's lifetime with one's own eyes. Thus, one must also know the moon, as to how

it conforms to the nakshatra, when it is new, when it waxes full and when it wanes. When

one knows this, one needs to know the number of the moon. Also, if one is confused and

uncertain about whatever star or nakshatra, or does not know these things because clouds

have covered the sky, then the way to know these things is as follows: Having risen early the

following day, washed one's hands and face, put on a new robe and adopted a pious mind-set,

if one goes out in whatever direction one desires, the sign will be: If that day is Thursday one

will meet a magician (tarnièi) or a physician, or, if not, one will meet a man with a bay horse.

If it is Sunday one will meet an older man or an older woman who is riding a white horse,

wearing a white robe and leading a white dog. If it is Tuesday, one will meet a Bon priest or

someone with a red robe, or, if not, one will meet with a robber or a dispute. If it is Saturday,

one will meet with a monk, or someone riding a fallow horse, or someone herding sheep, or

someone boiling tea, or someone riding two small oxen or, if not, one will meet with someone

who has a scar or birthmark on his face or with someone who has an injured eye. If it is

Friday [5r] one will meet with a nobleman or a sinful man or a low bad man or, if not, one

will meet with someone riding a blue grey horse or with a merchant. If it is Monday one will

meet with a Bon priest or a commoner or, if not, with someone riding a black horse or

someone carrying water. If it is the Wednesday one will meet with someone riding an ox or

someone riding a black horse or a commoner who looks like a frog, or, if not, he will meet

549
TRANSLATION

with an old woman who is carrying something black. By reconciling these signs one will

know the star of the day. When one knows the star of the day, one will know the lunar

mansion, as well.

Also, if one would like to know how to count the variations of time, then there are two

items, known as the very first moment (gšan) and the single sound (da(un), by which to

reckon [time] beginning from a single moment, and making the day, night, month and year.

As for the very first moment, it equals the time it takes an arrow that is shot by a marksman

[to pierce] a leaf. Because the sound that is emitted with this is equal to the length of the act

itself, one sound (da(un) is made. Thus, sixty da(un equal one möèe (branch); thirty möèe

equal one qubi (share); thirty qubi equal one day; thirty days equal one month; and twelve

months equal one year.99 What remains after joining these [units of time] becomes the

intercalary month.

Also, as for measuring by the dusul (drop), if one counts the interval between the

breaths of an ignorant commoner, three hundred sixty of these [5v] make a dusul. This is

equal to a single breath of the gods. Two breaths equal one qubi.100

When counting a qubi, it is said that in one möèe there are six breaths; there are sixty

möèe in one qubi; in one qubi there is one dusul--two qubi is as much as one of the common

99
Thus, according to this reckoning, 1 qubi = 48 minutes; 1 möèe = 1.6 minutes or 96
seconds; and 1 da(un = 1.6 seconds. Here the qubi translates S. muhurta, defining the
Indian measure which dates back to Vedic times. Cf. Stone 1981: 179.
100
Thus, 4 seconds = the measurement for the interval between the breath of an
ignorant commoner; 24 minutes = the interval between the breath of a god; 1 dusul = 24
minutes

550
TRANSLATION

[qubi]. Sixty qubi make one day; thirty days make one month.101 If there are two moons [in

the period of a thirty day month] one will be an intercalary month.

Beginning to count from the sixteenth day of the middle month of winter, after six

months and six days have passed, the sun will reverse direction from southward to northward

and then three months from the time the sun reverses, the day and night will be equal. The

day will be fifteen common qubi. The night will be fifteen common qubi.102 The variance

between day and night will by six common qubi. The day and night will respectively increase

and decrease möèe by möèe so that day and night grow long and short. Therefore, concerning

the increasing and decreasing [of the day and night, this time] is divided up by möèe, making

qubi, [while] without change, one should count the day six hours and the night six hours.

When the sun finishes its procession to the south and to the north, one year will have passed.

One more item, as to clearly knowing the time by means of the stick with seven qubi

(gnomon),103 [6r] if one places it into level ground at noon on the dungji day104 when the sun

pauses at the end of its southerly progression, one will see that the shadow of the gnomon will

be six qubi. From there, on the days when the sun moves into a new house, the qubi shadow

101
Here 1 qubi = 24 minutes and 1 möèe = 24 seconds. The "common qubi" = 48
minutes, as before.
102
Thus, the day and night will each be 48(15) or 720 minutes.
103
For a description of the gnomon see Needham 1959: 284.
104
The düngji day is the winter solstice, when the sun is low in the sky. The
corresponding summer solstice is the šaji day. Other Mongolian terms for the solstices are
nara buèaqu edür, "the day the sun returns", and nara ¯o(sulta edür, "the day the sun stops".

551
TRANSLATION

will diminish, one by one, until noon on the šaji day when the sun has reached the end of its

northerly progression. On this day the gnomon will cast no shadow. From there, the sun will

move from house to house, and the qubi shadow will increase one by one [as well], and when

the shadow reaches six qubi, a year will have passed. Thus, at the two stages when the day

and night are equal, day and night begin to grow longer and shorter, respectively, in two

phases. Thus, the pneumas of spring and fall appear as well. What one should know about

measuring time by means of the stick with seven qubi is completed.

Also, as for the system of calculating by making the day one hundred möèe, in one day

and two nights there are one hundred möèe. These are divided into twelve hours.105 In one

hour there are eight möèe, four qubi and three adqu (handful). Ten qubi make one möèe. Ten

adqu make one qubi.106 By this means, the twenty-four breaths and joints of the sky and land

are divided up. Also with the coming of düngji, the winter solstice, after the winter sun has

paused, the days begin to grow longer. With the coming of the middle of spring (èün ¯un) in

the second month, day and night are equal. With the coming of the middle of autumn (teng

šiu ¯un) in the eighth month,107 day and night are equal (edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu). [6v]

105
Here the Mongolian èa( = 2 hours, so a day lasts 12 hours.
106
Thus, 1 möèe = 14 minutes 24 seconds; 1 qubi = 86.4 seconds; and 1 adqu = 8.64
seconds.
107
This is the eighth month according to the Indian Kâlacakra system, that is, the
Ašivani (S. Aúvini) month. In the Chinese peasant calendar it is the first month of winter.
In the Chinese astronomical calendar it is the final month of autumn. In Tibet it is known
as the Dog month, the Ninth month in Mongolia.

552
TRANSLATION

Then, with the coming of šaji, the summer solstice, when the progression ceases, the sun of

summer pauses and from then on [the night] grows ever longer.

Also, the first four möèe of the Rat-hour comprise the outer limits of that day. The

final four möèe comprise the outer limits of the next day.108 When the sun has not yet risen,

if one does not recognize the face of someone at a distance of ten yards (alqum) and one foot

(giškim), it is in the outer limits of the night. If one recognizes the face it is in the outer limits

of the day. When the sun sets, if one recognizes the face of someone at a distance of ten yards

and one foot, it is in the outer limits of the day. If one does not recognize the face, it is in the

outer limits of the night.

Also, all sages who would like to understand the meaning of the intercalary month,

should study this carefully. Three hundred sixty-six days make one year. When one

calculates in the contemporary way, making the year three hundred and sixty days, then six

days are left over. Also, if one calculates making the twelve months into six big months and

six small months, then six more days remain. In three years this will make thirty-six days.

If one makes thirty of these days into an intercalary month, six days will be left over. If one

joins these remaining six days with the twenty-four days of the following two years, this will

make another intercalary month.

As for the method to insert an intercalary month, if there was an intercalary month in

any of the months of the year which passed forty-seven years ago, then that month will be

108
The twelve hours of the day also take the names of the twelve animals. The Rat
hour = 11 p.m.-1 a.m. (see Table IV.32). Thus, the first four möèe of the Rat hour bring the
day to twelve o'clock midnight.

553
TRANSLATION

made to reside behind the intercalary month of the present coming year. If there is no

intercalary month in the forty-seventh year, then one should see the preceding and proceeding

days as equal. If in any month there is no pneuma in the proceeding fifteen days, [7r] then

that month will be an intercalary month. This month coincides with a year which begins with

an intercalary month. If there is no intercalary month, this coincides with a contrary year.109

The fifteenth day of the last month of the year which passed nine years ago, coincides

with the first day of the first month of this present year. The great and small months to come

should be sought from this. As for any year, then, if it is a year for which one says, "this year

begins with Yushui (Constant Rain [yuu sui]) the following year begins with Lichun (The

Beginning of Spring [li èun])," or whether it is known as Jiaji, it begins without change from

the Rat, and the two years following this [Constant Rain] year will begin at the beginning of

Spring.

[7v]

Jia-ji year Yi-geng year Bing-xin year Ding-ren year Wu-gui year
Bing-tiger Wu-tiger Geng-tiger Ren-tiger Jia-tiger
month month month month month
Ding-hare Ji-hare Xin-hare Gui-hare Yi-hare
month month month month month
Wu-dragon Geng-dragon Ren-dragon Jia-dragon Bing-dragon
month month month month month

109
The contrary year is common in Chinese almanacs. In Mongolian it is known as
qarši ¯il. In the picture on the cover of Chinese almanacs there are subtle indications of what
the year will be. The contrary year is also signified here. See also Mostaert's definition in
Dictionnaire ordos, p. 297a.

554
TRANSLATION

Ji-snake Xin-snake Gui-snake Yi-snake Ding-snake

month month month month month
Geng-horse Ren-horse Jia-horse Bing-horse Wu-horse
month month month month month
Xin-sheep Gui-sheep Yi-sheep Ding-sheep Ji-sheep
month month month month month
Ren-monkey Jia-monkey Bing-monkey Wu-monkey Geng-monkey
month month month month month
Gui-cock Yi-cock Ding-cock Ji-cock Xin-cock
month month month month month
Jia-dog Bing-dog Wu-dog Geng-dog Ren-dog
month month month month month
Yi-pig Ding-pig Ji-pig Xin-pig Gui-pig
month month month month month
Bing-rat Wu-rat Geng-rat Ren-rat Jia-rat
month month month month month
Ding-ox Ji-ox Xin-ox Gui-ox Yi-ox
month month month month
month

Table to Know the Forms of the Twelve Months

Jia-ji day Yi-geng day Bing-xin day Ding-ren day Wu-gui day
Ding-hare Ji-hare Xin-hare Gui-hare Yi-hare
hour hour hour hour hour
Wu-dragon Geng-dragon Ren-dragon Jia-dragon Bing-dragon
hour hour hour hour hour
Ji-snake Xin-snake Gui-snake Yi-snake Ding-snake
hour hour hour hour hour
Geng-horse Ren-horse Jia-horse Bing-horse Wu-horse
hour hour hour hour hour

555
TRANSLATION

Xin-sheep Gui-sheep Yi-sheep Ding-sheep Ji-sheep

hour hour hour hour hour
Ren-monkey Jia-monkey Bing-monkey Wu-monkey Geng-monkey
hour hour hour hour hour
Gui-cock Yi-cock Ding-cock Ji-cock Xin-cock
hour hour hour hour hour
Jia-dog Bing-dog Wu-dog Geng-dog Ren-dog
hour hour hour hour hour
Yi-pig Ding-pig Ji-pig Xin-pig Gui-pig
hour hour hour hour hour
Bing-rat Wu-rat Geng-rat Ren-rat Jia-rat
hour hour hour hour hour
Ding-ox Ji-ox Xin-ox Gui-ox Yi-ox
hour hour hour hour hour
Wu-tiger Geng-tiger Ren-tiger Jia-tiger Bing-tiger
hour hour hour hour hour

[8r] According to the Kâlacakrists of India this is the Mig month, the final month of

winter. For the peasants it is the middle month of spring.110 For the mathematicians of black

China it is the first month of spring. In Tibet it is the Tiger month. In Mongolia it is known

as Qubi sara. Because it is the Tiger month, its sign is that the tiger brings forth its young.

In the sky the dawn with appear by the Mig lunar mansion. On the ground the pneuma of

slightly warmer weather will arrive. In the interval, on the seventh day, the sparrow will

chirp. This month is known as the meritorious month in which Buddhas (burqan), demons

110
The peasant calendar here refers to the calendar of the twenty-four joints and
breathes, which gives the changes in climate necessary for farmers to plant and harvest their
crops. See Palmer 1986: 64.

556
TRANSLATION

(šimnus) and the six heretics (¯ir(u(an teryinar) are appeased and great magical

transformations (riddi qubil(an) are brought forth. Because the sun has entered Aquarius the

Pitcher (Qumqan-u ger), on the earth wine will taste good. The day will last twenty-six qubi;

the night, thirty-four. On the fifteenth the sun will rise to the crowns of the heads of the

dragon kings. In the water fish will run. The time of wind will begin. The raven will fix its

nest. On the twenty-fourth, by the conjunction of the moon with Anurad, the good and bad

auspices will be signified. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the southeast. ®oliy-a mör in the west.

Yeke tngri, the east. Šitügen eke is in the Cock place. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the west. Qubi

sara is good for taking the throne, bestowing a title, giving a blessing and making an offering.

Taysui is in the south; Janggün, the east; on the Dragon day, 'okimui. On the Snake day the

®obalang-un tngri will roam about. On the Rat day, Tngri-yin (al. On the Snake day, Ülü

sedükü and Ula(an ša¯a(ai. On the Tiger, Modun erlig; on the Ox, Ükülün e¯en; and on the

Dog, 'a¯ar-un (al.

[8v]

First. Earth-star. Ascendant, Eleventh. Fire-star. Weak. Twenty-first. Gold-star.

Full. Tanista. Tiger-
Ignorance. Yilig. East.
Second. Sun-star. Ascendant,
Full. Sadabis. Hare-Activity.
Yilig. South.
Third. Moon-star. Declining.
Burvabadaribad. Dragon-
Consciousness. Yilig. East.
Ardar. Rat-Birth. East.
Twelfth. Water-star.
Declining. Burnavasu. Ox-
Growing old and dying.
South.
Thirteenth. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Bus. Tiger-
Ignorance. North.
Suša(. Dog-Accepting.
North.
Twenty-second. Earth-star.
Anurad. Pig-Becoming.
South.
Twenty-third. Sun-star. Èista.
Rat-Birth. North.

557
TRANSLATION

Fourth. Fire-star. Weak. Fourteenth. Gold-star. Full. Twenty-fourth. Moon-star.

Udaribadaribad. Snake-
Name and form.111 Yilig.
East.
Fifth. Water-star. Declining.
Rivadi. Horse-Six senses.
North.
Sixth. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Ašivani. Ram-
Contact. South.
Seventh. Gold-star. Full.
Barani. Monkey-Sensation.
North.
Eighth. Earth-star. Full.
Kerteg. Cock-Desire. North.
Ninth. Sun-star. Weak.
Rokini. Dog-Accepting. East.
Tenth. Moon star. Margišar.
Pig-Becoming. East.
Asli(. Hare-Activity. East.
Fifteenth. Earth-star. Full.
Mig. Dragon-Consciousness.
North.
Sixteenth. Sun-star. Weak.
Burvabalguni. Snake-Name
and form. West.
Seventeenth. Moon Star.
Declining. Udaribalguni.
Horse-Six senses. Earth.
Eighteenth. Fire-star. Qasta.
Ram-Contact. South.
Nineteenth. Water-star.
Declining. Jayitari. Monkey-
Sensation. North-east.
Twentieth. Wood star.
Suvadi. Cock-Desire. South.
Declining. Mul. Ox-Growing
old and dying. West.
Twenty-fifth. Fire-star.
Weak. Burvasad. Tiger-
Ignorance. East.
Twenty-sixth. Water-star.
Declining. Udarisad. Hare-
Activity. South.
Twenty-seventh. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Abiji. Dragon-
Consciousness. Northeast.
Twenty-eighth. Gold-star.
Širvan. Snake-Name and
form. North.
Twenty-ninth. Earth Star.
Full. Tanista. Horse-Six
senses. West.
Thirtieth. Sun-star. Sadabis.
Ram-Contact. West.

[9r]

According to the Kâlacakrists of India it is the Udaribalguni month, the first month of spring.

For the peasants it is the final month of spring. For the mathematicians of black China it is

the middle month of spring. In Tibet it is the Hare month. In Mongolia it is the Second

month. Because it is the Hare month, its sign is that hares notice all the buds on the trees, eat

their fill, then mate. In the sky the dawn will appear by the Udaribalguni lunar mansion. On

111
Here öngge ni(ur, "form and face", is written for the usual ner-e öngge.

558
TRANSLATION

the ground the pneuma of warm weather will arrive. All things on land and in the water will

roam. In the interval, the hawk will mate. The raven will wash itself in blood. Because the

sun has entered Pisces the Fishes, all the fish in the water will run. The day will be twenty-

eight qubi. The night, thirty-two qubi. On the twenty-first the good and bad auspices for

planting seeds will be signified. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the east. Qo(osun qumq-a is in

the northwest. Yeke tngri is in the south. Qo(osun qumq-a . . . . Šitügen Eke is in the Ox

place. During the Second month, if one does business, sets off on a campaign, or quarrels

with others it is good. Taysui is in the south; Janggün in the east. On the Ox day, 'okimui.

On the Tiger day ®obalang-un tngri will roam about. On the Hare day there will be Fire of

the Gods. On the Cock day, Ülü sedükü. On the Cock day, Ula(an ša¯a(ai. On the Snake,

Modun erlig; on the Dog, Ükülün e¯en. On the Cock, 'a¯ar-un (al; on the Dragon, Fire of

Moon.

[9v]

First. Moon-star. Full.
Burvabadaribad. Monkey-
Sensation. Yilig. South.
Second. Fire-star. Declining.
Udaribadaribad. Cock-
Desire. Yilig. East.
Third. Water-star. Full.
Rivadi. Dog-Accepting. Yilig.
East.
Fourth. Wood star. Full.
Ašivani. Pig-Becoming. Yilig.
East.
Eleventh. Wood star. Full.
Bus. Horse-Six senses. West.
Twelfth. Gold-star. Weak.
Asli(. Ram-Contact. West.
Thirteenth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Mig. Monkey-
Sensation. East.
Fourteenth. Sun-star.
Declining. Burvabalguni.
Cock-Desire. South.
Twenty-first. Sun-star. Èista.
Dragon-Consciousness. East.
Twenty-second. Moon-star.
Full. Mul. Snake-Name and
form. Northwest.
Twenty-third. Fire-star.
Declining. Burvasad. Horse-
Six senses. West.
Twenty-fourth. Water-star.
Full. Udarisad. Ram-Contact.
North.

559
TRANSLATION

Fifth. Gold-star. Weak. Fifteenth. Moon-star. Full. Twenty-fifth. Wood star.

Barani. Rat-Birth. West.
Sixth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Kerteg. Ox-
Growing old and dying.
West.
Seventh. Sun-star. Declining.
Rokini. Tiger-Ignorance.
East.
Eighth. Moon-star. Full.
Margišar. Hare-Activity.
East.
Ninth. Fire-star. Declining.
Ardar. Dragon-
Consciousness. South.
Tenth. Water-star. Full.
Burnavasu. Snake-Name and
form. West.
Udaribalguni. Dog-
Accepting. North.
Sixteenth. Fire-star.
Declining. Qasta. Pig-
Becoming. North.
Seventeenth. Water-star.
Weak. Jayitari. Rat-Birth.
South.
Eighteenth. Wood star. Full.
Suvadi. Ox-Growing old and
dying. West.
Nineteenth. Gold-star. Weak.
Suša(. Tiger-Ignorance. East.
Twentieth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Anurad. Hare-
Activity. West.
Full. Abiji. Monkey-
Sensation. South.
Twenty-sixth. Gold-star.
Weak. Širvan. Cock-Desire.
West.
Twenty-seventy. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Tanista. Dog-
Accepting. South.
Twenty-eighth. Sun-star.
Declining. Sadabis. Pig-
Becoming. North.
Twenty-ninth. Moon-star.
Full. Burvabadaribad. Rat-
Birth. East.
Thirtieth. Fire-star.
Declining. Udaribadaribad.
Ox-Growing old and dying.
Southeast.

[10r]

According to the Kâlacakrists of India it is the Jayitari month, the middle month of spring.

For the peasants it is the first month of summer. For the mathematicians of black China it is

the final month of spring. In Tibet it is the Dragon month. In Mongolia it is the Third month.

Because it is the Dragon month, its sign is that when the pneuma (i.e., change of weather)

arrives the dragon will sound. In the sky the dawn will appear by the Jayitari lunar mansion.

On the ground uniform warmth will arrive. In the interval, all birds will come. This month

will be celebrated by the Kâlacakrists as the first month of the year. The fifteenth is a good

560
TRANSLATION

time for offering the consecration of the Kâlacakra. Because the sun is in the house Aries

The Ram, sheep will lamb in the Sheep hour. Day and night will have an equal number of

qubi. It is told that the seeds of the crops have entered the ground. On the nineteenth the

good and bad auspices for wheat will be signified. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the southwest.

Qo(osun qumq-a is in the northeast. Yeke tngri is in the west. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the

east. Šitügen eke is in the Snake place. During the Third month if one plants crops, makes

family or personal bonds, burns the fire mandala, or does business it is good. Tayisui is in the

south. Janggün is in the east. On the Dog day, 'okimui. On the Pig day ®obalang-un tngri

will roam about. On the Horse day Tngri-yin (al will descend. On the Ox day, Ülü sedükü.

On the Ox day, Ula(an ša¯a(ai. On the Monkey, Modun erlig. On the Sheep, Ükülün e¯en.

On the Monkey, 'a¯ar-un (al; on the Hare, Fire of Moon.

[10v]

First. Fire-star. Full. Ašivani. Eleventh. Gold-star. Twenty-first. Moon-star.

Tiger-Ignorance. West.
Second. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Barani. Hare-
Activity. Northwest.
Third. Wood star. Weak.
Kerteg. Dragon-
[Consciousness]. Northwest.
Fourth. Gold-star. Declining.
Rokini. Snake-Name and
form. North.
Declining. Burvabalguni.
Rat-Birth. Southwest.
Twelfth. Earth-star. Weak.
Udaribalguni. Ox-Growing
old and dying. North.
Thirteenth. Sun-star. Full.
Qasta. Tiger-Ignorance.
South.
Fourteenth. Moon-star.
Disintegrating. Jayitari.
Hare-Activity. North.
Disintegrating. Udarisad.
Dog-Accepting. South.
Twenty-second. Fire-star.
Full. Abiji. Pig-Becoming.
Northeast.
Twenty-third. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Širvan. Rat-
Birth. East. This is not a
jewel.
Twenty-fourth. Wood star.
Weak. Tanista. Ox-Growing
old and dying. East.

561
TRANSLATION

Fifth. Earth-star. Full. Fifteenth. Fire-star. Full. Twenty-fifth. Gold-star.

Margišar. Horse-Six senses.
South.
Sixth. Sun-star. Full. Ardar.
Ram-Contact. Northeast.
Seventh. Moon-star. Full.
Burnavasu. Monkey-
Sensation. Northwest.
Eighth. Fire-star. Full. Bus.
Cock-Desire. Northwest.
Ninth. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Asli(. Dog-
Accepting. Northeast.
Tenth. Wood star. Ascendant
and Full. Mig. Pig-Becoming.
North.
Suvadi. Dragon-Conscience.
East.
Sixteenth. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Suša(. Snake-
Name and form. East.
Seventeenth. Wood star. Full.
Anurad. Horse-Six senses.
Northwest.
Eighteenth. Gold-star.
Declining. Èista. Ram-
Contact. North.
Nineteenth. Earth-star. Full.
Mul. Monkey-Sensation.
Southeast.
Twenthieth. Sun-star. Full.
Burvasad. Cock-Desire.
North.
Declining. Sadabis. Tiger-
Ignorance. West.
Twenty-sixth. Earth-star.
Full. Burvabadaribad. Hare-
Activity. North.
Twenty-seventh. Sun-star.
Full. Udaribadaribad.
Dragon-Consciousness.
West.
Twenty-eighth. Moon-star.
Full. Rivadi. Snake-Name
and form. South.
Twenty-ninth. Fire-star. Full.
Ašivani. Horse-Six senses.
South.
Thirtieth. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Barani. Ram-
Contact. West.

[11r]

According to the Kâlacakrists of India it is the Suša( month, the final month of spring. For

the peasants it is the middle month of summer. For the mathematicians of black China it is

the first month of summer. In Tibet it is the Snake month. In Mongolia it is the Fourth

month. Because it is the Snake month the snake leaves its skin inside a hole. In the sky the

dawn will appear by the Suša( lunar mansion. On the ground the orchid (èakirma(-un èièig)

will bloom. In the interval, the cuckoo bird will sound. During this month it is a good time

for finding the sanctity of the perfected Buddha. Because the sun is in the house of Taurus

the Bull, it is the month when oxen are in heat. The day will be thirty-two qubi; the night,

562
TRANSLATION

twenty-eight qubi. On the twenty-ninth it will drizzle. Small fish will mate. If rain does not

fall on the seventh there will be red wind. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the northwest. Qo(osun

qumq-a is in the east. Yeke tngri is in the north. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the south. Šitügen

eke is in the Tiger place. During the Fourth month, if one teaches knowledge, mixes

medicine, meditates, or receives a consecration, it is good. Tayisui is in the west. Janggün

is in the south. On the Sheep day, 'okimui. On the Monkey day ®obalang-un tngri will roam

about. On the Cock day Tngri-yin (al will descend. On the Monkey day, Ülü sedükü. On

the Snake day, Ula(an ša¯a(ai. On the Pig, Modun erlig. On the Dragon, Ükülün e¯en. On

the Sheep, 'a¯ar-un (al. Tiger, Fire of Moon.

[11v]

First. Wood star. Ascendant Eleventh. Sun-star. Full. Twenty-first. Water-star.

and Full. Kerteg. Monkey-
Sensation. North.
Second. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Rokini. Cock-
Desire. East.
Third. Earth-star. Declining.
Margišar. Dog-Accepting.
South.
Fourth. Sun-star. Full. Ardar.
Pig-Becoming. East.
Fifth. Moon-star. Weak.
Burnavasu. Rat-Birth. South.
Sixth. Fire-star. Full. Bus.
Ox-Growing old and dying.
West.
Qasta. Horse-Six senses.
Northwest.
Twelfth. Moon-star. Weak.
Jayitari. Ram-Contact.
South.
Thirteenth. Fire-star. Full.
Suvadi. Monkey-Sensation.
East.
Fourteenth. Water-star.
Weak. Suša(. Cock-Desire.
West.
Fifteenth. Wood star. Full.
Anurad. Dog-Accepting.
West.
Sixteenth. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Èista. Pig-
Becoming. East.
Weak. Širvan. Dragon-
Consciousness. Southwest.
Twenty-second. Wood star.
Full. Tanista. Snake-Name
and form. Southeast.
Twenty-third. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Sadabis.
Horse-Six senses. Southwest.
Twenty-fourth. Earth-star.
Declining. Burvabadaribad.
Ram-Contact. South.
Twenty-fifth. Sun-star. Full.
Udaribadaribad. Monkey-
Sensation. North.
Twenty-sixth. Moon-star.
Full. Rivadi. Cock-Desire.
Northeast.

563
TRANSLATION

Seventh. Water-star. Weak. Seventeenth. Earth-star. Twenty-seventh. Fire-star.

Asli(. Tiger-Ignorance.
Southwest.
Eighth. Wood star. Full. Mig.
Hare-Activity. South.
Ninth. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Burvabalguni.
Dragon-Consciousness.
North.
Tenth. Earth-star. Declining.
Udaribalguni. Snake-Name
and form. Southwest.
Declining. Mul. Rat-Birth.
Northwest.
Eighteenth. Sun-star. Full.
Burvasad. Ox-Growing old
and dying. Southwest.
Nineteenth. Moon-star.
Weak. Udarisad. Tiger-
Ignorance. North.
Twentieth. Fire-star. Full.
Abiji. Hare-Activity. North.
Full. Ašivani. Dog-Accepting.
Northwest.
Twenty-eighth. Water-star.
Weak. Barani. Pig-
Becoming. Northeast.
Twenty-ninth. Wood star.
Full. Kerteg. Rat-Birth. West.
Thirtieth. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Rokini. Ox-
Growing old and dying. East.

[12r]

According to the Kâlacakrists of India it is the Èista month, the first month of summer. For

the peasants it is the final month of summer. For the mathematicians of black China it is the

middle month of summer. In Tibet it is the Horse month. Because it is the Horse month its

sign is that the horse, onager and so on will fatten-up and fill out their appearance and color.

In the sky the dawn will appear by the Èista lunar mansion. On the ground all leaves and

roots will grow. In the interval the young falcon will take wing. The antlers of the stag will

grow. Because the sun is in the house Gemini the Twins (Qamtudaquy-yin ger), a lustful

mind will be born in all living beings of the world. The day will be thirty-four qubi; the

night, twenty-six qubi. It is the time for peasants to gather hay. If rain does not fall either on

the seventh or on the twenty-ninth there will be drought. It is the time when the summer sun

pauses (the solstice). Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the southeast. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the

564
TRANSLATION

southwest. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the west. Yeke tngri is in the east. Šitügen eke is in the

Horse place. During the Fifth month if one builds a bridge, launches a boat, draws water

through a canal, or digs an excavation, it is good. Tayisui is in the west. Janggün is in the

south. On the Hare [day], 'okimui. On the Snake day ®obalang-un tngri will roam about.

On the Rat day Tngri-yin (al will descend. On the Rat day, Ülü sedükü. On the Cock day

Ula(an ša¯a(ai. On the Hare, Modun erlig. On the Ox, Ükülün e¯en. On the Horse, 'a¯ar-

un (al. On the Ox, Fire of Moon.

[12v]

First. Earth-star. Ascendant Eleventh. Fire-star. Weak. Twenty-first. Gold-star. Full.

and Full. Margišar. Tiger-
Ignorance. Yilig. East.
Second. Sun-star. Weak.
Ardar. Hare-Activity. South.
Third. Moon-star. Declining.
Burnavasu. Dragon-
Consciousness. West.
Fourth. Fire-star. Full. Bus.
Snake-Name and Form.
South.
Fifth. Water-star. Declining.
Asli(. Horse-Six senses.
South.
Sixth. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Mig. Ram-
Contact. South.
Suvadi. Rat-Birth. East
Twelfth. Water-star.
Declining. Suša(. Ox-
Growing old and dying.
South.
Thirteenth. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Anurad.
Tiger-Ignorance. North.
Fourteenth. Gold-star. Èista.
Hare-Activity. South.
Fifteenth. Earth-star. Full.
Mul. Dragon-Consciousness.
West.
Sixteenth. Sun-star. Full.
Burvasad. Snake-Name and
form. Northwest.
Sadabis. Dog-Accepting.
North.
Twenty-second. Earth-star.
Full. Burvabadaribad. Pig-
Becoming. East.
Twenty-third. Sun-star.
Weak. Udaribadaribad. Rat-
Birth. East.
Twenty-fourth. Moon-star.
Declining. Rivadi. Ox-
Growing old and dying.
West.
Twenty-fifth. Fire-star.
Weak. Ašivani. Tiger-
Ignorance. South.
Twenty-sixth. Water-star.
Declining. Barani. Hare-
Activity. South.

565
TRANSLATION

Seventh. Gold-star. Seventeenth. Moon-star. Twenty-seventh. Wood star.

Declining. Burvabalguni.
Monkey-Sensation. South.
Eighth. Earth-star. Full.
Udaribalguni. Cock-Desire.
East.
Ninth. Sun-star. Full. Qasta.
Dog-Accepting. East.
Tenth. Moon-star. Declining.
Jayitari. Pig-Becoming.
Southeast.
Declining. Udarisad. Horse-
Six senses. Northeast.
Eighteenth. Fire-star. Weak.
Abiji. Ram-Contact. South.
Nineteenth. Water-star.
Širvan. Monkey-Sensation.
Northeast.
Twentieth. Wood Star.
Disintegrating.
Tanista. Cock-Desire. South.
Disintegrating. Kerteg.
Dragon-Consciousness.
Northeast.
Twenty-eighth. Gold-star.
Full. Rokini. Snake-Name
and form. South.
Twenty-ninth. Earth-star.
Full. Margišar. Horse-Six
senses. South.
Thirtieth. Sun-star. Full.
Ardar. Ram-Contact.
Northwest.

[13r]

According to the Kâlacakrists of India, it is the middle month of summer. For the peasants

it is the first month of autumn. For the mathematicians of black China it is the final month

of summer. In Tibet is it the Sheep month. In Mongolia it is the Sixth month. Because it is

the Sheep month, its sign is that sheep are satiated and grow fat. In the sky the dawn will

appear by the Burvasad lunar mansion. On the ground the pneuma of heat becomes extreme

and the flower called the lungru will bloom. In the interval, the pheasant brings forth young.

The pear, apricot, and other fruits will grow. Fireflies will be born from the grass of the ox.

This month, from the fourth until the fifteenth, is a meritorious good time for translating the

wheel of the true dharma. Because the sun has entered the house of Cancer the Crab, on the

earth the frog's croak will begin. The day will be thirty-six qubi; the night, twenty-four qubi.

If rain does not fall either on the third or on the twenty-sixth, it will be bad for the farmer.

566
TRANSLATION

Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the east. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the northwest. Yeke tngri is in the

south. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the north. Mother to be Relied Upon is in the Dog place.

During the Sixth month, if one receives rites for striving to attain mastery (erkedür oro(ulqui

keèiyeküi üiles) or a consecration (abišig abubasu) it is good. Tayisui is in the west. Janggün

is in the south. On the Rat day, 'okimui. On the Tiger day ®obalang-un tngri will roam

about. On the Hare day, Tngri-yin (al. On the Dragon day, Ülü sedükü. On the Ox, Ula(an

ša¯a(ai. On the the Rat, Modun erlig. On the Dog, Ükülün e¯en. On the Snake, fire. On the

Rat, Fire of Moon.

[13v]

First. Moon-star. Full. Bus.
Monkey-Sensation. Yilig.
South
Second. Fire-star. Declining.
Asli(. Cock-Desire. West.
Third. Water-star. Full. Mig.
Dog-Accepting. East.
Fourth. Wood star. Weak.
Burvabalguni. Pig-Becoming.
West.
Fifth. Gold-star. Weak.
Udaribalguni. Rat-Birth.
West.
Sixth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Qasta. [Ox]-
Growing old and dying.
West.
Eleventh. Wood star. Full.
Èista. Horse-Six senses. East.
Twelfth. Gold-star. Weak.
Mul. Ram-Contact. South.
Thirteenth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Burvasad.
Monkey-Sensation. East.
Fourteenth. Sun-star.
Declining. Udarisad. Cock-
Desire. North.
Fifteenth. Moon-star. Full.
Abiji. Dog-Accepting. East.
Sixteenth. Fire-star.
Declining. Širvan. Pig-
Becoming. North.
Twenty-first. Sun-star.
Declining. Dragon-
Consciousness. East.
Twenty-second. Moon-star.
Full. Ašivani. Snake-Name
and form. West.
Twenty-third. Fire-star.
Declining. Barani. Horse-Six
senses. Northeast.
Twenty-fourth. Water-star.
Full. Kerteg. Ram-Contact.
North.
Twenty-fifth. Wood star.
Full. Rokini. Monkey-
Sensation. South.
Twenty-sixth. Gold-star.
Weak. Margišar. Cock-
Desire. North.

567
TRANSLATION

Seventh. Sun-star. Declining. Seventeenth. Water star. Full. Twenty-seventh. Earth-star.

Jayitari. Tiger-Ignorance.
North.
Eighth. Moon-star. Full.
Suvadi. Hare-Activity. North.
Ninth. Fire-star. Declining.
Suša(. Dragon-
Consciousness. South
Tenth. Water-star. Full.
Anurad. Snake-Name and
form. South
Tanista. Rat-Birth. Northeast.
Eighteenth. Wood star. Full.
Sadabis. Ox-Growing old and
dying. Northwest.
Nineteenth. Gold-star. Weak.
Burvabadaribad. Tiger-
Ignorance. North.
Twentieth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating.
Udaribadaribad. Hare-
Activity. West.
Ardar. Dog-Accepting.
South.
Twenty-eighth. Sun-star.
Declining. Burnavasu. Pig-
Becoming. South.
Twenty-ninth. Moon-star.
Full. Bus. Rat-Becoming.
East.
Thirtieth. Fire-star.
Declining. Asli(. Ox-
Growing old and dying.
Southeast.

[14r]

According to the Kâlacakrists of India it is the Abiji month, the final month of summer. For

the peasants it is the middle month of autumn. For the mathematicians of black China it is

the first month of autumn. In Tibet it is the Monkey month. In Mongolia it is the Seventh

month. Because it is the Monkey month, its sign is that the monkey, ornament of the trees,

having eaten its fill of fruit, feeds its young. In the sky the dawn appears by the Abiji lunar

mansion. On the ground a cool shadow will fall and the onager will see its colt struggle to get

up. In the interval, the cuckoo bird will return to the south. The locust will mate and sound.

It is the time of drizzling rain. Because the sun has entered the house of Leo the Lion, on the

earth the lion will be in heat. The day will be thirty-four qubi; the night, twenty-six qubi. If

rain does not fall on the fourth there will be a great wind. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the west.

Qo(osun qumq-a is in the north east. Yeke tngri is in the west. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the

568
TRANSLATION

east. Šitügen eke is in the Pig place. During the Seventh month if one causes something to

reside well (sayitar oroši(ulbasu),112 launches a boat into the water, does business, or

performs the grain rites (tariyan-u üile üiledbesü), it is good. Tayisui is in the north. Janggün

is in the west. On the Pig day ®obalang-un tngri will roam about. On the Cock day, 'okimui.

On the Horse day, Tngri-yin (al. On the Pig day, Ülü sedükü. On the Snake day, Ula(an

ša¯a(ai. On the Cock, Modun erlig. On the Sheep, Ükülün e¯en. On the Pig, Fire of Moon.

On the Dragon, 'a¯ar-un (al.

[14v]

First. Fire-star. Full. Mig. Eleventh. Gold-star. Twenty-first. Moon-star.

Tiger-Ignorance. West.
Second. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Burvabalguni.
Hare-Activity. West.
Third. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Udaribalguni.
Dragon-Consciousness.
West.
Fourth. Gold-star. Declining.
Qasta. Snake-Name and
form. North.
Fifth. Earth-star. Full.
Jayitari. Horse-Six senses.
South.
Sixth. Sun-star. Full. Suvadi.
Ram-Contact. North.
Declining. Burvasad. Rat-
Birth. South.
Twelfth. Earth-star. Full.
Udarisad. Ox-Growing old
and dying. East.
Thirteenth. Sun-star. Full.
Abiji. Tiger-Ignorance. South.
Fourteenth. Moon-star.
Disintegrating. Širvan. Hare-
Activity. North.
Fifteenth. Fire-star. Full.
Tanista. Dragon-
Consciousness. South.
Sixteenth. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Sadabis.
Snake-Name and form. West.
Disintegrating. Barani. Dog-
Accepting. South.
Twenty-second. Fire-star.
Full. Kerteg. Pig-Becoming.
North.
Twenty-third. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Rokini. Rat-
Birth. East.
Twenty-fourth. Wood star.
Weak. Margišar. Ox-
Growing old and dying. East.
Twenty-fifth. Gold-star.
Declining. Ardar. Tiger-
Ignorance. West.
Twenty-sixth. Earth-star. Full
Burnavasu. Hare-Activity.
West.

112
Either erect a Buddha or inter a corpse.

569
TRANSLATION

Seventh. Moon-star. Seventeenth. Wood star. Twenty-seventh. Sun-star.

Disintegrating. Suša(.
Monkey- Sensation.
Northeast.
Eighth. Fire-star. Full.
Anurad. Cock-Desire. East.
Ninth. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Èista. Dog-
Accepting. West.
Tenth. Wood star. Weak.
Mul. Pig-Becoming. South.
Weak. Burvabadaribad.
Horse-Six senses. North.
Eighteenth. Gold-star.
Declining. Udaribadaribad.
Ram-Contact. North.
Nineteenth. Earth-star. Full.
Rivadi. Monkey-Sensation.
South.
Twentieth. Sun-star. Full.
Ašivani. Cock-Desire. North.
Full. Bus. Dragon-
Consciousness. East.
Twenty-eight. Moon-star.
Disintegrating. Asli(. Snake-
Name and form. North.
Twenty-ninth. Fire-star. Full.
Mig. Horse-Six senses. South
Thirtieth. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Burvabalguni.
Ram-Contact. North.

[15r]

According to the Kâlacakrists of India it is the Burvabadaribad month, the first month of

autumn. For the peasants it is the final month of autumn. For the mathematicians of black

China it is the middle month of autumn. In Tibet it is the Cock month. In Mongolia it is the

Eighth month. Because it is the Cock month, its sign is that all birds eat their fill of grain and

fruit. In the sky the dawn will arrive by the Burvabadaribad lunar mansion. On the land the

shoots of the milfoil flower (¯ülge-yin èièig) will bloom. In the interval the snowcock will

mate. It is the month when the falcon seizes the hare and [one] makes offerings to heaven.

All grains and tubers ripen and are harvested. During this month, because the sun has entered

the house of Virgo the Virgin, on the earth it is the time for girls to act pompously. The day

will be thirty-two qubi; the night, twenty-eight qubi. Ants and similar animals fly up and take

to the sky. If rain does not fall either on the sixth or on the twenty-fourth, there will be

570
TRANSLATION

sickness among people, followed by a great wind. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the southwest.

Qo(osun qumq-a is in the southeast. Yeke tngri is in the north. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the

south. Šitügen eke is in the Sheep place. During the Eighth month if one convenes an

assembly, goes to do Business, makes family or personal bonds, gives assistance to women,

or draws a picture, it is good. Tayisui is in the north. Janggün is in the east. On the Horse

day, 'okimui. On the Monkey day ®obalang-un tngri will roam about. On the Cock day,

Tngri-yin (al. On the Hare day, Ülü sedükü. On the Cock day, Ula(an ša¯a(ai. On the

Horse, Modun erlig. On the Dragon, Ükülün e¯en. On the Dog, Fire of Moon.

[15v]

First. Wood star. Full. Eleventh. Sun-star. Full. Twenty-first. Water-star.

Udaribalguni. Monkey-
Sensation. North.
Second. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Qasta. Ram-
Contact. North.
Third. Earth-star. Declining.
Jayitari. Dog-Accepting.
East.
Fourth. Sun-star. Full.
Suvadi. Pig-Becoming. East.
Fifth. Moon-star. Weak.
Suša(. Rat-Birth. West.
Sixth. Fire-star. Full. Anurad.
Ox-Growing old and dying.
South.
Abiji. Horse-Six senses.
West.
Twelfth. Moon-star. Weak.
Širvan. Ram-Contact. East.
Thirteenth. Fire-star.
Disintegrating. Tanista.
Monkey-Sensation.
Fourteenth. Water-star. Full.
Sadabis. Cock-Desire. South.
Fifteenth. Wood star. Full.
Burvabadaribad. Dog-
Accepting. East.
Sixteenth. Gold-star.
Disintegrating.
Udaribadaribad. Pig-
Becoming. South.
Weak. Rokini. Dragon-
Consciousness. West.
Twenty-second. Wood star.
Full. Margišar. Snake-Name
and Form. East.
Twenty-third. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Ardar. Horse-
Six senses. South.
Twenty-fourth. Earth-star.
Declining. Burnavasu. Ram-
Contact. South
Twenty-fifth. Sun-star. Full.
Bus. Monkey-Sensation.
North.
Twenty-sixth. Moon-star.
Weak. Asli(. Cock-Desire.
East.

571
TRANSLATION

Seventh. Water-star. Weak. Seventeenth. Earth-star. Twenty-seventh. Fire-star.

Èista. Tiger-Ignorance.
Southwest.
Eighth. Wood star. Full. Mul.
Hare-Activity. South.
Ninth. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Burvasad.
Dragon-Consciousness.
North.
Tenth. Earth-star. Declining.
Udarisad. Snake-Name and
Form. North.
Declining. Rivadi. Rat-Birth.
West.
Eighteenth. Sun-star. Full.
Ašivani. Ox-Growing old and
dying. Northeast.
Nineteenth. Moon-star.
Weak. Barani. Tiger-
Ignorance. West.
Twentieth. Fire-star. Full.
Kerteg. Hare-Activity. East.
Full. Mig. Dog-Accepting.
West.
Twenty-eighth. Water-star.
Weak. Burvabalguni. Pig-
Becoming. East.
Twenty-ninth. Wood star.
Full. Udaribalguni. Rat-
Birth. East.
Thirtieth. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Qasta. Ox-
Growing old and dying. East.

[16r]

According to the Kâlacakrists of India it is the Ašivani month, the middle month of autumn.

For the peasants it is the first month of winter. For the mathematicians of the Chinese it is the

final month of autumn. In Tibet it is the Dog month. In Mongolia it is the Ninth month.

Because it is the Dog month, its sign is that dogs are in heat and mate. In the sky the dawn

will appear by the Ašivani lunar mansion. On the ground cinder grass will sparkle (èo( neretü

ebesün èindarlamui). In the interval ducks and geese will return. It is the time when the cold

shadow falls and the grass withers. This is a meritorious good time in which, on the fifteenth,

Buddha descends from heaven. Because the sun has entered the house of Libra the Balance,

the drops in the world and so forth will be weighed by their scale.113 It is the time during

which day and night become equal. If rain does not fall on the fifteenth there will be no rain.

113
Perhaps this means that one's good and bad deeds will be measured.

572
TRANSLATION

Protection and Life is in the southeast. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the southwest. Yeke tngri is

in the east. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the west. Šitügen eke is in the Hare place. During the

Ninth month if one accomplishes small goals, smelts casts, makes an edged tool, upon the

performance of malicious rites, it is good. Tayisui is in the north. Janggün is in the west. On

the Tiger day, 'okimui. On the Snake day ®obalang-un tngri will roam about. On the Rat

day, Tngri-yin (al. On the Sheep day, Ülü sedükü. On the Ox day, Ula(an ša¯a(ai. On the

Dragon, Modun erlig. On the Ox, Ükülün e¯en. On the Tiger, 'a¯ar-un (al. On the Cock,

Fire of Moon.

[16v]

First. Earth-star. Full. Eleventh. Fire-star. Weak. Twenty-first. Gold-star.

Jayitari. Tiger-Ignorance.
Yilig. East.
Second. Sun-star. Weak.
Suvadi. Hare-Activity. South.
Third. Moon-star. Declining.
Suša(. Dragon-
Consciousness. Southwest.
Fourth. Fire-star. Weak.
Anurad. Snake-Name and
form. South.
Fifth. Water-star. Declining.
Èista. Horse-Six senses.
South.
Sixth. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Mul. Ram-
Contact. South.
Tanista. Rat-Birth. East.
Twelfth. Water-star.
Declining. Sadabis. Ox-
Growing old and dying. East.
Thirteenth. Wood star.
Disintegrating.
Burvabadaribad. Tiger-
[Ignorance]. Northeast.
Fourteenth. Gold-star. Full.
Udaribadaribad. Hare-
Activity. South.
Fifteenth. Earth-star. Full.
Rivadi. Dragon-
Consciousness. Northwest.
Sixteenth. Sun-star. Weak.
Ašivani. Snake-Name and
form. West.
Ardar. Dog-Accepting.
North.
Twenty-second. Earth-star.
Full. Burnavasu. Pig-
Becoming. Southwest.
Twenty-third. Sun-star.
Weak. Bus. Rat-Birth. North.
Twenty-fourth. Moon-star.
Declining. Ox-Growing old
and dying. North.
Twenty-fifth. Fire-star.
Weak. Mig. Tiger-Ignorance.
West.
Twenty-sixth. Water-star.
Declining. Burvabalguni.
Hare-Activity. South.

573
TRANSLATION

Seventh. Gold-star. Full. Seventeenth. Moon-star. Twenty-seventh. Wood star.

Burvasad. Monkey-
Sensation. North.
Eighth. Earth-star. Full.
Udarisad. Cock-Desire.
West.
Ninth. Sun-star. Weak. Abiji.
Dog-Accepting. East.
Tenth. Moon-star. Declining.
Širvan. Pig-Becoming.
Southeast.
Declining. Barani. Horse-Six
senses. East.
Eighteenth. Fire-star. Weak.
Kerteg. Ram-Contact. East.
Nineteenth. Water-star.
Declining. Rokini. Monkey-
Sensation. North.
Twentieth. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Margišar.
Cock-Desire. South.
Disintegrating. Udaribalguni.
Dragon-Consciousness. East.
Twenty-eighth. Gold-star.
Full. Qasta. Snake-Name and
form. South.
Twenty-ninth. Earth-star.
Full. Jayitari. Horse-Six
senses. West.
Thirtieth. Sun-star. Weak.
Suvadi. Ram-Contact.
Southwest.

[17r]

According to the Kâlacakrists of India it is the Kerteg month the final month of autumn. For

the peasants it is the middle month of winter. For the mathematicians of the Chinese it is the

first month of winter. In Tibet it is the Pig month. Because this is so, its sign is that pigs

mature and bring forth young. In the sky the dawn will appear by the Kerteg lunar mansion.

On the ground the pneuma of heat will leave and the pneuma of cold will enter. In the

interval, water birds will enter the sea and become covered with salt. It is the time for putting

all grain and tubers into baskets. Because the sun has entered the house of Scorpio, on the

earth it is time for killing living beings and committing sins. The day will be twenty-eight

qubi; the night, thirty-two qubi. It is the time of great cold. If snow does not fall on the first,

there will be an enemy. If rain does not fall on the fifth or on the twenty-sixth, the following

year rain will be scarce and there will be drought. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the east.

Qo(osun qumq-a is in the northwest. Yeke tngri is in the south. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the

574
TRANSLATION

north. Šitügen eke is in the Rat place. During the Tenth month, if one sells a horse with dark

spots on its neck and shoulders it will be good. Tayisui is in the east. Janggün is in the north.

On the Pig day, 'okimui. On the Tiger day ®obalang-un tngri will roam about. On the Hare

day, Tngri-yin (al. On the Tiger day, Ülü sedükü. On the Snake day, Ula(an ša¯a(ai. On

the Ox, Modun erlig. On the Dog, Ükülün e¯en. On the Ox, 'a¯ar-un (al. On the Monkey,

Fire of Moon.

[17v]

First. Moon-star. Full. Eleventh. Wood star. Full. Twenty-first. Sun-star.

Anurad. Monkey-Feeling.
South.
Second. Fire-star. Declining.
Èista. Cock-Desire. West.
Third. Water-star. Weak.
Mul. Dog-Accepting. South.
Fourth. Wood star. Full.
Burvasad. Pig-Becoming.
West.
Fifth. Gold-star. Weak.
Udarisad. Rat-Birth. East.
Sixth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Abiji. Ox-
Growing old and dying.
West.
Seventh. Sun-star. Declining.
Širvan. Tiger-Ignorance.
Southeast.
Udaribadaribad. Horse-Six
senses. South.
Twelfth. Gold-star. Full.
Rivadi. Ram-Contact. West.
Thirteenth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Ašivani.
Monkey-Sensation. East.
Fourteenth. Sun-star.
Declining. Barani. Cock-
Desire. North.
Fifteenth. Moon-star. Full.
Kerteg. Dog-Accepting.
North.
Sixteenth. Fire-star.
Declining. Rokini. Pig-
Becoming. North.
Seventeenth. Water-star. Full.
Margišar. Rat-Birth. South
Declining. Asli(. Dragon-
Consciousness. Northeast.
Twenty-second. Moon-star.
Full. Mig. Snake-Name and
form. North.
Twenty-third. Fire-star.
Declining. Burvabalguni.
Horse-Six senses. Northeast.
Twenty-fourth. Water-star.
Full. Udaribalguni. Ram-
Contact. North.
Twenty-fifth. Wood star.
Full. Qasta. Monkey-
Sensation. South.
Twenty-sixth. Gold-star.
Weak. Jayitari. Cock-Desire.
West.
Twenty-seventh. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Suvadi. Dog-
Accepting. East.

575
TRANSLATION

Eighth. Moon-star. Declining. Eighteenth. Wood star. Full. Twenty-eighth. Sun-star.

Tanista. Hare-Activity.
North.
Ninth. Fire-star. Declining.
Sadabis. Dragon-
Consciousness. South.
Tenth. Water-star. Full.
Burvabadaribad. Snake-
Name and form. South.
Ardar. Ox-Growing old and
dying. West.
Nineteenth. Gold-star.
Declining. Burnavasu. Tiger-
Ignorance. East.
Twentieth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Bus. Hare-
Activity. West.
Declining. Suša(. Pig-
Becoming. West.
Twenty-ninth. Moon-star.
Full. Anurad. Rat-Birth. East.
Thirtieth. Fire-star.
Declining. Èista. Ox-Old age
and Death. West.

[18r]

According to the Kâlacakrists of India it is the Margišar month, the first month of winter. For

the peasants it is the final month of winter. For the mathematicians of the Chinese it is the

middle month of winter. In Tibet it is the Rat month. In Mongolia it is the Eleventh month.

Because it is the Rat month, its sign it that the marmot and the mouse will not leave their

holes. In the sky the dawn will appear by the Margišar lunar mansion. On the ground the

antelope and wild horse mate. In the interval the falcon lays its eggs. Because the sun has

entered the house of Sagittarius the Bow, on the earth the bow becomes hard and powerful.

The day will be twenty-six qubi; the night, thirty-four qubi. All land and water life will reach

shelter. It is the time when the winter sun pauses. This will be signified when the moon on

the twenty-seventy aligns with Anurad. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the southwest. Qo(osun

qumq-a is in the northeast. Yeke tngri is in the west. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the east. Šitügen

eke is in the Tiger place. During the Eleventh month, if one gives out goods and livestock,

distributes an edict or does peaceful works, it is good. Tayisui is in the east. Janggün is in

the north. On the Monkey day, 'okimui. On the Pig day ®obalang-un tngri will roam about.

576
TRANSLATION
On the Horse day, Tngri-yin (al. On the Horse day, Ülü sedükü. On the Cock day, Ula(an
ša¯a(ai. On the Dog, Modun erlig. On the Sheep, Ükülün e¯en. On the Rat, 'a¯ar-un (al.
On the Sheep, Fire of Moon.
[18v]
First. Fire-star. Full. Mul.
Tiger-Ignorance. West.
Second. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Burvasad.
Hare-Activity. West.
Third. Wood star. Weak.
Udarisad. Dragon-
Consciousness. West.
Fourth. Gold-star. Declining.
Abiji. Snake-Name and form.
North.
Fifth. Earth-star. Full. Širvan.
Horse-Six senses. South.
Sixth. Sun-star. Full. Tanista.
Ram-Contact. North.
Seventh. Moon-star.
Disintegrating. Sadabis.
Monkey-Sensation.
Eighth. Fire-star.
Burvabadaribad. Cock-
Desire. East.
Ninth. Water-star.
Disintegrating.
Udaribadaribad. Dog-
Accepting. West.
Eleventh. Gold-star.
Declining. Ašivani. Rat-Birth.
East.
Twelfth. Earth-star. Weak.
Barani. Ox-Growing old and
dying. North.
Thirteenth. Sun-star. Full.
Kerteg. Tiger-Ignorance.
South.
Fourteenth. Moon-star.
Disintegrating. Rokini. Hare-
Activity. North.
Fifteenth. Fire-star. Full.
Margišar. Dragon-
Consciousness. East-West.
Sixteenth. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Ardar. Snake-
Name and form. East.
Seventeenth. Wood star. Full.
Burnavasu. Horse-Six senses.
West.
Eighteenth. Gold-star.
Declining. Bus. Ram-
Contact. West.
Nineteenth. Earth-star. Full.
Asli(. Monkey-Sensation.
East-West.
577
Twenty-first. Moon-star.
Disintegrating. Burvabalguni.
Dog-Accepting. South.
Twenty-second. Fire-star.
Full. Udaribalguni. Pig-
Becoming. North.
Twenty-third. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Qasta. Rat-
Birth. East.
Twenty-fourth. Wood star.
Jayitari. Ox-Growing old and
dying. East.
Twenty-fifth. Gold-star.
Declining. Suvadi. Tiger-
Ignorance. West.
Twenty-sixth. Earth-star.
Full. Suša(. Hare-Activity.
West.
Twenty-seventh. Sun-star.
Full. Anurad. Dragon-
Consciousness. South.
Twenty-eighth. Moon-star.
Disintegrating. Èista. Snake-
Name and form. North.
Twenty-ninth. Fire-star. Full.
Mul. Horse-Six senses.
South.
TRANSLATION

Tenth. Wood star. Weak. Twentieth. Sun-star. Full. Thirtieth. Water-star.

Rivadi. Pig-Becoming. East. Mig. Cock-Desire. North. Disintegrating. Burvasad.
Ram-Contact. East.

[19r]

According to the Kâlacakrists of India it is the Bus month, the middle month of winter. For

the peasants it is the first month of spring. For the mathematicians of China, it is the final

month of winter. For those of Tibet it is the Ox month. In Mongolia it is the last month of

the year. Because it is the Ox month, the body of the ox becomes hot, and it eats its fill of

grass. In the sky the dawn will appear by the Bus nakshatra. On the ground there will be

deep snow. In the interval the raven will fix its nest. The chicken and the dove will lay their

eggs. Because the sun has entered the house of Capricorn the Sea monster (Matar-un ger)

will rise to the top of the sea. The day will be twenty-four qubi; the night, thirty-six qubi. If

snow does not fall on the fourteenth, winter will become warm. When the moon on the

twenty-fifth aligns with Anurad, one will see the sign. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the

southwest. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the southeast. Yeke tngri is in the north. Qo(osun qumq-a

is in the south. Šitügen eke is in the Monkey place. During the last month of the year, if one

performs rites of water, repairs a road, quarrels with others, performs bad deeds, or decides

a lawsuit, it is good. Tayisui is in the east. Senggün [=Janggün] is in the north. On the Snake

day, 'okimui. On the Monkey day ®obalang-un tngri will roam about. On the Cock day,

Tngri-yin (al. On the Dog day, Ülü sedükü. On the Ox day, Ula(an ša¯a(ai. On the Sheep,

578
TRANSLATION
Modun erlig. On the Dragon, Ükülün e¯en. On the Pig, 'a¯ar-un (al. On the Horse, Fire of
Moon.
[19v]
First. Wood star. Ascendent
and Full. Abiji. Monkey-
Sensation. North.
Second. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Širvan. Cock-
Desire. East.
Third. Earth-star. Declining.
Dog-Accepting. Tanista.
South.
Fourth. Sun-star. Full.
Sadabis. Pig-Becoming. East.
Fifth. Moon-star. Weak.
Burvabadaribad. Rat-Birth.
East.
Sixth. Fire-star. Full.
Udaribadaribad. Ox-
Growing old and dying.
South.
Seventh. Water-star. Weak.
Rivadi. Tiger-Ignorance.
Southwest.
Eighth. Wood star. Full.
Ašivani. Hare-Activity.
South.
Ninth. Gold-first.
Disintegrating. Barani.
Dragon-Consciousness.
North.
Eleventh. Sun-star. Full.
Rokini. Horse-Six senses.
East.
Twelfth. Moon-star. Weak.
Margišar. Ram-Contact.
East.
Thirteenth. Fire-star. Full.
Ardar. Monkey-Feeling.
West.
Fourteenth. Water-star.
Weak. Burnavasu. Cock-
Desire. East.
Fifteenth. Wood star. Full.
Bus. Dog-Accepting.
Southwest.
Sixteenth. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Asli(. Pig-
Becoming. South.
Seventeenth. Earth-star.
Declining. Mig. Rat-Birth.
West.
Eighteenth. Sun-star. Full.
Burvabalguni. Ox-Growing
old and dying. East.
Nineteenth. Moon-star.
Weak. Udaribalguni. Tiger-
Ignorance. West.
579
Twenty-first. Water-star.
Weak. Jayitari. Dragon-
Consciousness. West.
Twenty-second. Wood star.
Full. Suvadi. Snake-Name
and form. West.
Twenty-third. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Suša(. Horse-
Six senses. South.
Twenty-fourth. Earth-star.
Declining. Anurad. Ram-
Contact. South.
Twenty-fifth. Sun-star. Full.
Èista. Monkey-Sensation.
North.
Twenty-sixth. Moon-star.
Weak. Mul. Cock-Desire.
North.
Twenty-seventh. Fire-star.
Full. Burvasad. Dog-
Accepting. West.
Twenty-eighth. Water-star.
Weak. Udarisad. Pig-
Becoming. North.
Twenty-ninth. Wood star.
Full. Abiji. Rat-Birth. West.
TRANSLATION

Tenth. Earth-star. Declining. Twentieth. Fire-star. Full. Thirtieth. Gold-star.

Kerteg. Snake-Name and Qasta. Hare-Activity. North. Disintegrating Širvan. Ox-
form. West. Growing old and dying. East.

[20r]

The symbol of the day in which happiness abides is the upward facing wish-fulfilling jewel.114

The symbol of the day of holy water (rašiyan) is the jewel.115

The symbol of the glorious day is the pitcher.116

The symbol of the day when the eight classes congregate is the downward pointed lance.117

The symbol of the day when they return is the upward pointed lance.

The symbol of the day when the dragon kings118 congregate is the blue lake.

The symbol of the day when they return is the red sun.

The symbol of the day when the Lords of the Earth congregate is the red letter, "Sa".

The symbol of the day when they return is the black letter, "Sa".

The symbol of the day to die is the downward facing jewel.119

114
For the wishfulling jewel, Tib. yid bzhin nor bu; S. cintâmani, cf. ODT 19.
115
The symbol of this day is later given as the upward facing jewel (44v). For the
jewel, Tib. nor zhags, cf. ODT 18.
116
For the pitcher, cf. ODT 18.
117
For the lance, Tib. mdung, cf. ODT 15.
118
The dragon kings (M. luus-un qad) are the minions of the King of the Dragons or
Nâgas, Tib. kLu dban gi rgyal po; Skt. Nagesvara raja. Cf. Waddell 1978: 345, n. 1.
119
The symbol of this day is later given as the wish-fulfilling jewel that faces
downward (doro(ši qandu(san jindamuni), 45r.

580
TRANSLATION

The symbol of the day of the šimnus demons is the downward facing stupa.120

The symbol of the day when šimnus demons are vanquished is the black sun.

The symbol of the day when Mahâkâla descends is the razor.121

The symbol of the day when the Girl God descends is the skull cup.122

The symbol of the day when the powerful ones (erketen) congregate is the upward facing

yellow moon.

The symbol of the day when they return is the downward facing yellow moon.

The symbol of the day when the eight classes congregate is the vajra.123

The symbol of the day when they return is the half-vajra.

The symbol of the day when the sages (arši) speak is the red letter, ")A".

The symbol of the sinful day is the black wishfulfilling jewel.

The symbol of the day when one should not inter a corpse is the two-colored cross.

The symbol of the ferocious day is the black letter, "tshe".

[20v]

120
In Buddhism the šimnus demons are associated with The Evil One, The Tempter,
Tib. Bdud; S. Mâra. Originally the term comes to the Mongols through Uigur šmnu from
Sogdian (Chrisian) šmnû, meaning "demon, evil spirit" (Lessing 710, 1183). The stupa (M.
subur(an) is a burial mound or the image of a burial mound which symbolically preserves
the bodily charisma of Buddha Sâkyamuni.
121
For Mahâkâla, "The Great Black One," cf. ODT 38-67. For the razor, Tib. spu gri,
cf. ODT 15.
122
For the Girl God, given in the manual as Okin tngri for Ökin tngri, Tib. Lha-mo,
cf. Waddell 1978: 334. For the skull cup, Tib. thod pa; Skt. kapâla, cf. ODT 18.
123
The vajra is a guru's weapon, symbolic of the thunderbolt of Indra (Jupiter). Cf.
Waddell 1978: 27.

581
TRANSLATION

The symbol of the day when the šingpüng run is the black letter, "Zi".

The symbol of the day when the ?bati bata run is the multi-colored eye.

The symbol of the day when baling do(šin runs is one red drop (dusul).

The symbol of the small black day is one black drop.

The symbol of the impoverishing day is the red triangle.

The symbol of the great black day is the black triangle.

The symbol of the day for burning is the black cross.

The symbol of the empty day is three black drops.124

The symbol of the day when the beggar returns empty-handed is the parti-colored drop.

The symbol of the day when the gods and demons battle is the parti-colored mat.

The symbol of the day when the dog of heaven (tngri-yin noqai) looks for food is the

downward facing black moon.

The symbol of the day when the ginggang look for food is the black letter, "king".

The symbol of the day of annihilation is the sickle.125

The symbol of the day when the dogs of the earth look for food is the three-eyed square.

The symbol of the day to burn is the black cross. This is an extra symbol.

124
That which is symbolized by three black dots is variously known as “The empty
day” and “The good and bad distinctions that are seen when joining the years with the
nakshatra” (na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü belge)
46v.
125
This day is also known as “the day of annihilation when the Lords of the earth run
holding a black sickle” (ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür). Here its
symbol is a black sickle (qara qada(ur), 43v. For the sickle, cf. ODT 16.

582
TRANSLATION

[21r]

Here is the Table in which, by conjunction of the twenty-eight lunar mansions with the seven

planet stars, the good and bad auspices of their meeting will be seen.

Kerteg fire Sun fire

Rokini earth Moon water

Margišar air Fire fire

Ardar earth Water water

Burnavasu air Wood air

Bus fire Gold earth

Asli( water Earth earth

Mig fire Sun fire

Burvabalguni fire Moon water

Udaribalguni air Fire fire

Qasta air Water water

Jayitari air Wood air

Suvadi air Gold earth

Suša( fire Earth earth

Anurad earth Sun fire

Èista earth Moon water

Mul water Fire fire

Burvasad water Water water

583
TRANSLATION

Udarisad earth Wood air

Abiji earth Gold earth

Širvan water Earth earth

Tanista water Sun fire

Sadabis water Moon water

Burvabadaribad fire Fire fire

[21v]

Udaribadaribad water Water water

Rivadi water Wood air

Ašivani air Gold earth

Barani fire Earth earth

The Sun is known as the graha of the gods. Its essence is fire. During the time when

the Sun Star is in the ascendant (küèün tegüs), if one ascends to a throne, builds a temple or

hermitage, builds a home for a son, gives away a daughter [to be married], offers sacrifice to

a burqan, if a son is born, if one consecrates an image (rabnas oroši(ulbasu), inscribes the

Sutras, goes for a visit, crushes an enemy, receives consecration, gathers medicines, trades an

animal, sows seed, offers the fire sacrifice, herds animals, performs meritorious deeds, breaks

a horse, washes the body, fixes a palace (ordu qarsi ¯asabasu),126 or gives a blessing, it is

126
This probably refers specifically to an icon-case, a receptacle for a burqan. See
RRS 167.

584
TRANSLATION

good. If one digs a grave, makes a loan (öri ögbesü), wears a new robe or performs

meritorious deeds for the dead,127 good fortune will be destroyed. It is bad. If one sets out on

a campaign, depart at the time when the sun rises. If one wears the commander of the army's

red robe,128 rides a chestnut horse, holds a red standard, adorns oneself with red ornaments,

offers sacrifice to one's own spirit protector, writes down the name of the commander of the

enemy army and fills the horn of a goat with it, then, when the enemy comes against one,

proceeding in accordance with the rules of the Emperor, the Grand Master, and the dignitaries,

shouting seven times, and having sprinkled water, when one engages in battle, one will [22r]

crush the enemy immediately.

As for the Moon, because it is the graha of the nether dragon kings, its essence is

water. During the time when the Moon Star is in the ascendant, if one sows a crop, offers the

fire sacrifice, washes the body, gives a meritorious ransom, beckons fortune (dalal(-a

dalalbasu), if a son is born, or if one disposes of a thread cross (dungli), it is good. If one

does Business, or sets out on a journey (mör (arbasu),129 it is bad. If one performs the

ceremony (èoga) of the dragon kings,130 collects medicines, enters or builds a new building,

127
This refers to the buyanèi, the one assigned to care for the corpse when someone
dies (RRS 603).
128
The commander of the army, èerig-ün noyan, is a Buddhist term, one of the Seven
Jewels, T. dmag-dpon (RRS 141).
129
The auspice here is very broad. It seems to cover not only journeys which involve
travelling, but ventures of any kind.
130
For the ceremony of the dragon kings see Pozdneyev (RRS 521). It is performed
on a day in the three summer or three fall months.

585
TRANSLATION

builds a new door, takes a bride into one's household, plants a tree, digs a canal, goes to the

enemies of one’s adversaries, or pacifies an enemy, it is good. If one sets out on a campaign,

if one who is born in the Hare, Sheep, or Pig years rides a black horse, holds a black standard,

adorns oneself with black ornaments, writes down the name of the commander of the enemy

army, and, having set it on fire, extinguishes it with nine handfuls of dirt and nine cups of

water, and then if one offers sacrifice to one's own spirit protector and leads in a westerly

direction, one will crush the enemy. When the enemy comes against one, if five men adorn

themselves with the ornaments of the sovereign, and one cuts away pieces of meat and scatters

them [as an offering], then when one engages in battle, one will crush the enemy. If an animal

is missing, a group of nine people, one with a patched robe and a blue face, another with a

pockmarked face, took it away to the north or south. They hid it with a woman who has a

black dog with a white stripe and who is said to be either of upper or lower class, or at a

spring [marked] with white stones, or on the other side of trees. It will be found on the first

or else on the fifth day. A widowed [22v] Lady will point it out.

As for Mars, because it is the planet of the titans (asuri), it has the essence of fire.

It is known as the fearsome planet. During the time it is in the ascendant, if one seeks the

realm of a buddha, brings a bride into one's household, performs meritorious deeds for the

dead, replies with a curse, opens a treasury, assembles for the sake of being sociable, assumes

a debt, installs the commander of the army, builds a city, an assembly is convened for a

586
TRANSLATION

decree, goes for a visit, trades an animal, mends a building, repairs a fortress,131 or drives

animals in a hunt, it is good. Whoever sets off first for the battlefield will crush the enemy.

If a son is born it will be difficult to feed him. If one attacks with cavalry, if someone dies,

if one tailors a robe (debel ed'kebesü),132 cauterizes a wound or applies a poultice it is bad.

It is known as the planet of the army commander who violated his oath. If a possession or

animal is missing, nine people stole it. They hid it at the home of the ninth. A man who

continually follows a hawk, a blacksmith, a novice or a Bon priest, this kind of person, will

tell the news. They came from the west and brought it to a house which faces west. If one

meets with a bad commoner he will certainly find it. Certainly, there will be someone with

a chestnut horse and an offertory (öcim) red robe at the gate, or the ground will be red.

As for Mercury, because it is the planet of the ruler of the yâkshas (yaa(š-a), its

essence is water. During the time when the Water Star is in the ascendant, if one teaches

writing and arithmetic, fulfills one's own benefit (öber-ün tusa bütügebesü), makes a familial

or personal alliance, gives a daughter for a bride, offers sacrifice to whichever burqan, holds

a feast, rests from battle, [23r] performs rites for a meritorious assembly, trains a colt, takes

out human bones, gives away an animal, enters a new building, and looks after a lady, all are

131
"Repair a fortress" is a broad translation of qota ¯asabasu. The idea of protection,
a protective barrier, as in a citadel or more likely a city wall seems to be meant here.
132
G. Kara shows that edke- is written in the pre-classical calendar fragments from
Turfan for classical eske-. Thus, he translates, "if one cuts out the material for a cloak"
(1979: TIII 230). The same form is found throughout the Turfan calendar fragments. See
also Haenisch, H. Franke, and Cerensodnom. As Mostaert notes, the form is sometimes
written in the manual as edeke- (MMAD 20, n. 57).

587
TRANSLATION

good. If a son is born or if one ferments wine, it is bad. A daughter will be distinctive. If one

sets out on a campaign, depart at noon. If one adorns oneself with a black robe, a black

cuirass, and black weapons, rides a black horse, holds a black standard, draws the name of the

commander of the enemy, fills the head of a pig with it, and presses it into the water, and then

leads one's soldiers in a westerly direction, one will crush the enemy. As the enemy

approaches, if one meets them adorned with yellow things, holding a yellow standard, and

riding a fallow horse (köl morin), one will crush the enemy. If an animal or possession is

missing, two people stole it. They took it in an easterly direction. There is a woman included

among the thieves. The hid it at the house of the second thief or at the edge of water. It will

be found on the seventh or else the ninth day, or, if it is not found then, it will never be found.

As for Jupiter, because it is the planet of the soft kalpavr}ksa tree (galbaranjan

modun), it has the essence of wood. During the time when the Wood star is in the ascendant,

it is good for any kind of motive or stative deed, whether one builds a throne, performs rites

for protection, performs meritorious deeds, offers sacrifice to burqan, preaches the dharma,

draws a mandala, divines a place to build a temple or monastery, pacifies the èidker demons,

washes the body, [23v] determines punishment for a crime, offers a dorma, offers the fire

sacrifice, performs rites for crushing the enemy, makes a reliquary (sirad kibesü), erects a

stupa, repulses a lance, repulses other things, teaches knowledge (uqa(an sur(abasu),

excavates rocky ground, amasses possessions, looks for what is missing, or if a son is born.

If one sets off on a campaign, depart early the next day. If one adorns oneself in blue clothes,

rides a blue horse, holds a blue standard, offers sacrifice to one's own spirit protector, writes

588
TRANSLATION

down the name of the commander of the enemy army, presses it down under nine heaps of

earth at a spot seven paces away, and then leads in a southerly direction, one will crush the

enemy. As the enemy approaches, if one adorns oneself with white clothes and ornaments,

holds a white standard, shouts, and then leads five people who have a breast plate, one will

crush the enemy. If a possession is missing, the son of a single man stole it. He hid it with

a lame crippled man, a man with a blue face, or under a tree which is to the north of the gate

of a house. It will be found by a novice who takes it.

As for Venus, because it is the planet of the blessed jewel king (kesig erdeni qa(an),

it has the essence of metal. It is also said to have the essence of air. If one repairs a fortress,

if a son-in-law kneels down, if one attacks with cavalry, or if one ferments wine, it is bad. If

one performs meritorious deeds, teaches writing, arithmetic, or science, brings a bride into

one's household, moves a house, tailors a robe, or holds a feast, it is good. If a son is born,

[24r] he will be intelligent and wise. If one gives away a daughter her life will be short. It

will be very good for entering the ranks of all the saints. If one sets out on a campaign, depart

before midnight. If those born in the Monkey or Cock years adorn themselves in their white

things, if one offers one's own small pure boy as sacrifice to one's spirit protector, writes the

name of the commander of the enemy army on a woodblock, places it on the path one will

proceed, and steps on it seven times with the left foot, one will crush the enemy. As the

enemy approaches, if one man ties his hair on the crown of his head, rides a qainug, sprinkles

a ?boskil, and leads [one's soldiers], one will crush the enemy. If a possession or animal is

missing, a yellow smallish people stole it. Five people, including one novice among them,

589
TRANSLATION

stole it. They hid it at a river which [flows] to the northwest, on land with yellow soil. It is

near the steppe. Search in the near vicinity. It will be found. On the third day it will come

from the place where the lame and crippled stay (do(olang ¯erimdeg a(sad (a¯ar).

As for Saturn, because it is the planet of the lords of all the middle lands, it has the

essence of very powerful earth. During the time when Saturn is in the ascendant, if one erects

a temple or hermitage, performs acts [for the sake of] the dharma and merit, does business,

beckons fortune, trades a good or animal, consecrates an image, builds a new building, offers

sacrifice to a burqan, repairs a fortress, gives a blessing, tailors a robe, restores a Buddha-

image, or plants a crop to shape new ground, [24v] all are good. If one trades a servant, takes

out the bones of someone with four progeny, sets out on a campaign, or holds a feast for a son,

it is good. If one gives away possessions, livestock or animals, or sets out on a journey, it is

bad. When setting out on a campaign, if one adorns oneself with one's yellow things, rides

a fallow horse, holds a yellow standard, makes sacrifice to one's own spirit protector, writes

down the name of the commander of the enemy army, sets it adrift in water, and leads one's

soldiers to the northeast, one will crush the enemy. As the enemy approaches, if a man with

a blue face wraps his forehead with black silk, rides a black horse, and signals with his

wooden branch when he goes into battle, he will crush the enemy. If a possession or livestock

is missing, either two or four people, or, included among them, one of either a demoted novice

or a Bon priest, stole it. If not, the son of one who died from poison stole it. They hid it at

an empty river, at an empty city or under a black tree. Look in a westerly direction. If a noble

from a town which faces east points it out, the kind of person who rides a fallow horse and

590
TRANSLATION

has a spotted dog stole it. It will not be found. If that planet is ascendant, [the auspice] is

good. If it is weak, fair. If it is either disintegrating or declining one should not do anything.

In this way one should purify in truth and rectify these seven stars which have been

misunderstood for so long. Also there are the affairs of the twenty-eight lunar mansions, as

well.

[25r] In the Kerteg nakshatra if one offers sacrifice to a burqan, beckons fortune,

gives alms, erects a temple, hermitage or stupa, performs the rites of the fearsome ones

(do(sid), teaches knowledge, preaches the dharma, repairs a new building or fortress,

acquires debt, receives alms from another (busud-aèa (uyil'(-a abubasu), or pacifies the

demons of one’s beloved (engküri), [it is good]. If a son is born there will be six of them; it

is good. If one tailors a robe,133 it will burn in a fire. If a daughter is born, relatives by

marriage will be scarce. If someone dies, six people will die. The fortune of one's livestock

will be poor. If one sets out on a journey, releases a stallion, bull camel or bull (ajar(-a

buura buq-a talbibasu),134 takes a widow, gives away a daughter, takes a bride, trades a horse,

does business, or goes for a distant visit, it is bad. If there is an earthquake, there will be a

drought. If a possession or animal is missing, six people coming from the southeast stole it.

A widow will file suit and point it out. This is the nakshatra known as the city on the verge

133
Here the classical eske- is written instead of edke-.
134
According to a native informant, Ts. Baatar, when the breeding males are selected
from a herd there is a special rite performed over them. Likely it is not only the selection of
the animals but the rite, itself, referred to here.

591
TRANSLATION

of entering a nine-eyed iron net, the majestic one. The appearance of its six stars is like a

razor for shaving hair.

In Rokini nakshatra if one acquires a new robe, beckons fortune, puts a stallion, bull

camel, or bull out to pasture, acquires anything, or trades a bay blaze horse it is beneficial.

If one sets out on a campaign, replies with a curse, offers sacrifice to a burqan, trades a slave,

or tailors a robe,135 it is good. If a son is born he will be splendid [25v] and love knowledge

and matters of the sacred doctrine. As one wise in his deeds, hungry by nature, and a clever

hero, having crushed the enemy, he will be perfectly fortunate, overcoming any obstacle. If

a daughter is born, wealth and livestock will increase, if one builds a treasury, recites a

dhârani, takes out the bones of a human being, performs meritorious deeds for the dead, sets

out on a journey, or goes for a visit, it will be without benefit. If one goes to pillage, brings

a bride into one's household, or assembles a congregation, quarrels and harm will come of it.

If there is an earthquake or if the moon eclipses the sun, there will be a great disaster. If a

possession or an animal is missing, someone from the east stole it. [The person] will sell it

to a widow. Two brothers will happen upon it and point it out. This is the nakshatra of the

spirit of the Rakshasa. The appearance of its five stars is like the wheel of a cart.

As for Margišar, it is an extremely great nakshatra. Thus, if one recites the Heart

dhârani,136 bring's a bride into one's household, enters a new building, decides a lawsuit,

beckons the fortune of heaven, offers sacrifice to one's own spirit protector, makes a personal

135
Here the verbal stem is once again edeke-.
136
For the Heart Sûtra and its use in exorcizing demons, cf. Lopez (1997: 511-526).

592
TRANSLATION

or marriage alliance, recites the sacred doctrine, digs a canal, goes for a visit, pounds a city

wall (bal(asun deledbesü),137 repairs a building, tailors a robe, recites a sacred spell (arvis

tarni uribasu), trades a slave, confesses one's sin, gives a name for a name (nere-dür ner-e

öggübesü),138 if one ascends to the throne, trades livestock, or if one sets out on a journey, it

is good. If a son is born, he will become a splendid hero, perfectly happy. [26r] If a daughter

is born, she will be wonderfully intelligent and loving. If someone dies, two [more] people

will die. The Lord of the dead and ada demons will rage. It will be bad for the nobility. Do

not give a commemoration for the dead (ükügsed-dür tülisi). Do not give livestock. It is bad.

If there is an earthquake, rain will fall. If a possession or animal is missing, someone cut off

from his relatives stole it. From the north, either a novice or a Bon-po will point it out. This

is the nakshatra in which gods, humans and demons, all three, are gathered. The appearance

of its three stars is like the head of an antelope.

In Ardar nakshatra if one evokes a burqan (burqan bütegebesü), performs rites,

teaches letters, arithmetic or medicine, sows seed, crushes èidköd (demons), selects a stallion,

bull camel, or bull, performs meritorious works, offers sacrifice to a burqan or builds a

building, it is good. If one trades gold or silver, brings a bride into one's household, or sets

off on a campaign, it is bad. If a son is born he will be very fortunate. Having been foolish,

he will become rich. If one sets out on a journey, tailors a robe, if someone dies, or if there

is an earthquake, it is bad. If a possession or animal is missing, either nine or six people, led

137
The reference here is to pounding the wall of a city out of earth.
138
Perhaps this means to give a nickname or a secret name.

593
TRANSLATION

by two brothers from the southeast, stole it. Two Bon-po brothers will point it out. This is

the nakshatra which was calculated in the astrology of Vihara (?Biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai).139

The appearance of its nine stars is like a saw.

As for Burnavasu nakshatra, it is known as the nakshatra in which one is cut off

from one's relatives. Thus, if one offers sacrifice to a burqan, erects a stupa, trades a slave,

[26v] performs rites for crushing an enemy, tailors a robe, or makes two acts out of one, it will

be distinctive. If one acquires livestock, sows seed, beckons fortune, or sets out on a journey,

it is good. If a son is born he will be very fortunate, possess little wisdom, and his wealth and

animals will be abundant. If a daughter is born, the dragon kings, who effect the senses, will

possess her. Even smaller demons from the black kettle will possess her. If one washes one's

body it is good. If one gives away a daughter, sets off on a campaign, brings a bride into one's

household, or enters a new building, it is bad. If there is an earthquake, it will be bad for the

crops. If a possession or animal is missing, five people from the south stole it. It will be

found on the sixth day. This is the nakshatra in which the traveller sets out on a journey. The

appearance of its three stars is like the legs of a tripod.

As for Bus nakshatra, it is a perfectly auspicious nakshatra. Thus, if one takes

medicine, inscribes the sacred doctrine, offers sacrifice to the clergy, builds a building for a

reliquary (sirid-ün ger baribasu), receives initiation or guidance (abasig kiged uduri(ulsun

abubasu), gives a name, meditates on a Buddha, sets off on campaign, sets off on a journey,

139
Transcription and translation are uncertain. Mostaert notes that biqar qangin is
perhaps for biqar keyid; biqar < Skt. vihara "temple, monastery" (MMAD 12, n. 22).

594
TRANSLATION

does business, performs rites of protection, performs rites for the assembly of various

buddhas, gives a ransom figure, replies with a curse, drives animals in the hunt, builds a

building, corrals animals, brings a bride into one's household, makes a marriage or personal

alliance, or tailors a robe, it is good. If a son is born he will become equal to a Wheel-turning

king (JagŸarvadi qa(an). If one gives an animal or gives fuel for a lawsuit or a dead person,

it is bad. [27r] If there is an earthquake, it will be bad for human beings. If an animal is

missing, seven people from the east stole it. It will be found on the seventh day. This is the

nakshatra of the orphan boy who seizes all of the great middle lands. The appearance of its

three stars is like a scissors.

In Asli( nakshatra if one exorcizes eliy-e (demons), prays a prayer, gives a loan, goes

for a visit, acquires sheep, takes out the bones of someone with no descendants, or inscribes

the name of an enemy, it is good. If one crushes the eliy-e (demons) of the small ones, gives

a son's inheritance, brings a bride into one's household, offers sacrifice to a burqan, sets out

on a journey, then when one burns the bones of a human being who has died, do not go to an

elderly man or woman. It is bad. If a son is born he will have great fortune. If one becomes

a lama, having lost his moral command, disagreed with his companions and fought with them,

he will long for the words of the disciples. There will be no merit for him in the works of

these two fates. If there is an earthquake, or if there is an eclipse (nara sara ükübesü),140 in

that nation there will be danger of bitter suffering. If a possession or animal is missing, from

the east, four people of a different clan stole it. It will be found on the eighth day. This is the

140
Literally, “if the sun or moon die.”

595
TRANSLATION

nakshatra in which the three thieves deliberate. The appearance of its six stars is like the head

of a snake. The astrology of the seven wood nakshatra of the eastern direction is finished.

As for the Mig nakshatra it is like an ax. If one meets the enemy, crushes èidköd

(demons), [27v] repulses an enemy's curse, takes an enemy's wealth and livestock,141 offers

sacrifice to the powerful ones (erketen-i takibasu), recites the sacred doctrine, gives a

benediction (irüger), or examines a horse, it is good. If a son is born having become learned

in elocution, he will be a scholar, perfectly happy. If one sets out on a journey, gives a loan,

brings a bride into one's household, convenes an assembly, or plants a crop, it is bad. If one

tailors a robe, one will wear it on the day one dies. It is bad. If there is an earthquake, a noble

of the nation will die. This is the nakshatra in which one is entangled in the devil's net (albin

salm-a). The appearance of its six stars is like a snout.

As for the Burvabalguni nakshatra, it is known as the nakshatra which is like the

throat of the rakshasa (ra(èis). Thus, if one acquires wealth or animals, recites the dh~ran}§

of life (nasun[-u tarni] uribasu), offers sacrifice to a burqan, gathers medicines, disposes of

a dorma, or draws the name of an enemy,142 it is good. If one tailors a robe, sets out on a

journey, brings a bride into one's household, or sees someone off, one will enter the throat of

the simnus demons. It is bad. If a son is born, he will have a very stingy nature; his life will

be short. If there is an earthquake, a great wind will stir. If a possession or animal is missing,

141
The form dayisun-i ed mal abubasu is written, with the accusative -i instead of the
genitive -u.
142
Again the form dayisun-i with the accusative case marker is written for the genitive
case ending.

596
TRANSLATION

nine people stole it. A bad [person] who is like a fox will look for it and carry it off. If

someone who is like a tiger looks for it, it will be found. It is known as the predator's spirit

nakshatra. It is called the howling red jackal. The appearance of its two stars is like a rat.

As for Udaribalguni nakshatra, it is known as the nakshatra of the tngri (gods).

Thus, if one offers sacrifice to a burqan, beckons fortune, [28r] brings a bride into one's

house, performs rites for protection, presents an offering or consecration, performs rites of

killing or slaughter, repairs a house, building or fortress, goes for a visit, makes a marriage

or personal alliance, assumes a debt, or performs the rite of the fearsome ones, it is good for

all of these. If one administers medicine it will not be beneficial. If one gives livestock or

tailors a robe, it is bad. If a son is born fully will he keep his vows, and he will be born into

a high birth. If there is an earthquake one will not be able to walk (alèaqu). If a possession

or animal is missing, it will be nearby. This is known as the nakshatra in which the good

fortune of a feast is disrupted. The appearance of its two stars is like a sword.

As for Qasta nakshatra it is known as the nakshatra of that which goes fast. Thus,

if one offers sacrifice to a burqan, beckons fortune, makes a marriage or personal alliance,

trains a horse, sets out on a journey, performs a rite for longevity (nasun bütügebesü), meets

the enemy, pacifies obstacles (qarsi-yi nomo(udqabasu), feeds a beloved son, does business,

selects a bull, or tailors a robe, it is good. If one brings a bride into one's household, erects

a house, or reveals a prophecy, it is bad. If a possession or animal is missing, a shrewd slave,

having bad intentions, took it out and gave it to someone. If a son is born he will be spoiled;

if a daughter is born she will be a thief or have a great many means and tricks. If there is an

597
TRANSLATION

earthquake it will be bad for human beings. This is called the nakshatra in which Erlig's

wolves run. The appearance of its five stars is like a hand.

In Jayitari nakshatra if one conjures a simnus (demon), recites the dh~ran}§ of life,

beckons fortune, pacifies the powerful ones, [28v] cuts out the material for a house, performs

rites of protection for someone who is ill, holds a feast, crushes the eliy-e of the little ones,

tailors a robe, or gathers medicines, it is good. If one gives away a daughter, brings a bride

into one's household, offers sacrifice to a burqan, trains an ox, takes out the bones of one who

has died, gives a commemoration, or trades a slave, it is bad. If a son is born he will love to

amuse himself with exorbitant lascivious folly. If there is an earthquake it will be bad for

artisans. If a possession or animal is missing three people from the east stole it. It will not

be found. If someone dies it will set the erlig demons in motion.143 The appearance of its one

star is like a saber.

As for Suvadi nakshatra, it is the nakshatra which turns one person into one hundred.

Thus, if one offers sacrifice to one's own spirit protector, beckons fortune, plants a crop, offers

sacrifice to a burqan, summons the nine creator gods (egüdügsen isün tngri-i uribasu),

acquires anything, practices flagellation (sarid [=šarid] deledbesü), receives an initiation,

enters a new house, inscribes a document, beats the cymbals and drum, plays the sitar (sidar

tatabasu), wears a new robe, or collects medicines, it is good. If one holds a feast, takes a

wife, if someone dies, or if someone sets out on a journey, it is bad. If a son is born, having

had many enemies, he will contract an illness. If there is an earthquake, it will be bad for

143
I.e., taking the lives of others. I follow Mostaert's translation (MMAD 14).

598
TRANSLATION

goldsmiths. Those who are not high-minded will die. If a possession or animal is missing an

orphan stole it. It will be found immediately. This is known as the nakshatra in which the

rakshasa were flayed in the land of the gods. The appearance of its four stars is like a

cintâmani.

[29r] As for Suša( nakshatra it is the nakshatra of the foreign Chinese. Thus if one

trains a horse with dark spots on the neck and shoulders, crushes eliy-e (demons), gives a loan,

tailors a robe, takes a bride, welcomes [her], beckons fortune, goes for a visit, makes a

marriage or personal alliance, gives a blessing, repairs a fortress, plants a crop, or sets out on

a journey, it is good. If one exports livestock, or gives a commemoration for a dead person,

it is bad. If a son is born he will crush the enemy. His character, having become wise to extol

people, will be solid. When he dies he will find a high birth. If there is an earthquake grain

will be abundant. If a possession or animal is missing it will not be found. This is known as

the nakshatra by which ada and todqor (demons) congregate. The appearance of its four stars

is like a mountain. The seven fire nakshatra of the south are finished.

In the Anurad nakshatra, if one sets out on a journey, travels, sows seed, performs

the rites of the fearsome ones, receives [the rite for] inviting prosperity (dalal(-a abubasu),

performs rites of protection, meets an enemy, offers sacrifice to a burqan, respects a visitor,

tailors a robe, or performs rites to crush the enemy, it is good. If one gives a commemoration

for the dead, gives a daughter, takes a bride, holds a feast, or sets off on a campaign, it is bad.

If a son is born, he will fully keep his vows and be perfectly happy in the dharma. If there is

an earthquake, it is good. If a possession or animal is missing, seven people from the north

599
TRANSLATION

stole it. [29v] On the seventh day it will be found. This is known as the nakshatra in which

a widowed woman seizes all the lands. The appearance of its six stars is like the head of an

elephant.

As for the Èista nakshatra, it is the nakshatra of the simnus. Thus, if one does battle

with an enemy, recites the dh~ran}§ of life, gives a blessing, sows seed, assumes a debt, sets

off on a campaign, or decides a lawsuit, it is good. If one offers sacrifice to a burqan, meets

the enemy, gives or takes an animal or a daughter, performs meritorious rites for the dead,

abandons a torma, sets off on a journey, tailors a robe, or if someone dies, it is bad. If a son

is born, his life will be short. If he becomes a lama, he will be one who violates his vows and

lacks the character to show mercy. If there is an earthquake a mountain will be destroyed.

If a possession or animal is missing, a person with a moxa poultice on the nape of his neck

stole it. He came from the north and took it away. On the seventh day it will be found. This

is known as the nakshatra in which the minds of the fearsome ones (do(šid) are satisfied.

The appearance of its three stars is like the antelope king.

As for Mul nakshatra, it is the nakshatra of the albin (demons). Thus it is good for

rites either of the living or of the dead. If one offers sacrifice to a burqan, gives a meritorious

ransom figure, beckons fortune, sells livestock, sows seed, behaves amicably (eyetüldübesü),

brings a bride into one's household, does business, builds a house, sets out on a journey, goes

to pillage, or goes for a visit, it is good. If one tailors a robe, gives a loan, or acquires a new

house, it is bad. If a son is born, his father will die. [30r] After he has grown up he will not

reside on his own land. If there is an earthquake, water will dry up. It will be bad for

600
TRANSLATION

everything else. If a possession or animal is missing, two brothers from the north stole it. A

solitary lama will point it out. This is known as the nakshatra in which one wears a breast

plate. The appearance of its three stars is like the hair of the head of the antelope king.

As for Burvasad nakshatra, it is the nakshatra of the powerful ones. If one offers

sacrifice to others [besides them], recites the dh~ran}§ of life, respects the saints (degedüs-yi

kündülebesü), acquires wealth or livestock, practices flagellation, erects a stupa, beckons

fortune, seeks a source (ekin), if one treats the dragon kings and the lords of the land (luus-un

qad (ajar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu), if one thrashes the nine kinds of grain (isün ¯üil tariyan-i

¯anèibasu), gives a daughter, takes a bride, erects a building for a treasury, gives a name, or

plants a crop, [it is good]. It is good for the acts of one's elders. If one gives a branded

animal, sets out on a journey, tailors a robe, or if someone dies it is bad. If a son is born,

having become rich, he will be an alms-giver and love the sacred doctrine. When he dies he

will find a high birth. If there is an earthquake, it will be bad for infant sons and tea

merchants. The appearance of its four stars is like a tail.

In Udarisad nakshatra if one offers sacrifice to a burqan, gathers medicines, brings

a bride into one's household, assumes a debt, recites a dh~ran}§, beckons fortune, takes the vow

of fasting, plants a crop, tailors a robe, sets out on a journey, or trades a slave, it is good. If

one gives seed or grain, takes out bones, or gives a commemoration, it is bad. If a son is born,

having become rich, he will be very wise and help living beings. [30v] If there is an

earthquake, [living beings] will be completely fortunate and happy. This is the nakshatra for

601
TRANSLATION

becoming a jewel of the ministers of state.144 The appearance of its five stars is like an

elephant.

As for Abiji nakshatra, it is the nakshatra of the gods. Thus, if one brings a bride into

one's household, builds or repairs a house, crushes the eliy-e [demons] of the little ones, sows

a crop, tailors a robe, makes a marriage or personal alliance, gives away a daughter, or sets

out on a journey, it is good. If one makes an implement (kereg ¯asal), or gives a

commemoration for the dead, it is bad for the Bon priests. If one takes out the bones of a

human being or makes a cruel reply, it is bad. If a son is born, he will be fully meritorious.

If there is an earthquake, it will be bad for a great many commoners and lamas. If a

possession or animal is missing, someone came from the north along the edge of the water and

stole it. If one looks for it immediately, it will be found. This is the nakshatra of death. The

appearance of its four stars is like the jewel horse.

As for Širvan nakshatra, it is the nakshatra of villages and crossroads. Thus, if one

causes others to gather, builds on the land ((a¯ar baribasu),145 travels, attacks with cavalry,

brings a bride into one's household, performs the ceremony for the gods, crushes the eliy-e of

the little ones, meets an enemy, performs meritorious rites for the dead, or gathers the straw

of grain, it is good. If one sets out on a journey, tailors a robe, builds a house, or performs

rites of the fearsome ones, it is bad. If a son is born, he will disagree with his wife and be

144
The insignia of a minister is one of the seven jewels. See dolo(an erdeni in
Lessing, p. 1168, under erdeni.
145
The translation "to build on the land" assumes an implicit dative-locative ending.

602
TRANSLATION

suffocated to death. As for the protection of a son, if the boy adorns his whole body with

wooden ornaments and sets out for the southeast, it is good. If there is an earthquake, it will

be bad for those who know the religious texts. [31r] If a possession or animal is missing, four

people came from the south and stole it. It will be found on the seventh day. The appearance

of the three stars is like the head of an elephant. The mathematics of the seven gold stars of

the west is finished.

In the Tanista nakshatra if one sets out on a journey, offers sacrifice to a burqan,

beckons the majesty of animals, goes far or near, teaches wisdom, assumes a debt, or trades

a horse [it is good]. It is good for whatever deeds on behalf of the living. If one performs a

meritorious rite for a dead person, tailors a robe, brings a bride into one's household, gives a

horse to a cripple, or exports the nine kinds of grain, it is bad. If a son is born, his fate is to

be stupid and die in the water. If there is an earthquake, it is bad for animals. If a possession

or animal is missing, someone from the south took it. The appearance of the four stars is like

a vajra.

In the Sadabis nakshatra if one looks for any kind of profit, trades a horse from the

home of an elderly person or one who has died, beckons fortune, trains a horse, brings

someone under one’s own power (kümün-i erke-dür-iyen oro(ulbasu),146 looks for a marriage

or personal alliance, performs rites of meditation, enjoys oneself with amusements, meditates

upon one's own body for protection, or gives away a daughter, it is good. If one exports

branded livestock to a crippled old man or old woman, a novice or a bon priest, tailors a robe,

146
This refers to magically entering someone's body. See BTD, 4244, p. 297.

603
TRANSLATION

or wears it, [the auspice] is bad. If a son is born, he will be possessive and small-minded,

without great wisdom or passion. If there is an earthquake, it will be bad for those animals

which are giving birth. The appearance of the two stars is like the everlasting flower (ürgülji

seèig).

In Burvabadaribad nakshatra if one brings a bride into one's household, acquires

wealth or livestock, if one goes soldiering or pillaging (èerig degerm-e odbasu), if one

performs rites to crush the enemy, gives a blessing, begins any kind of deed, does business,

makes a marriage or personal alliance, performs rites for the washing ceremony, builds up the

frontier, looks for profit, [31v] performs any kind of offering for a burqan, holds a feast, sets

out on a journey, or builds a house, it is good. If one tailors a robe, gives livestock, beckons

fortune, or attacks with cavalry, it is bad. If someone is born [he] will be very wise. If there

is an earthquake, water will become abundant and living beings will die in the water. If a

possession or animal is missing, the thieve's aèi147 will point it out. The appearance of the two

stars which appear in the north is like a cart.

In Udaribadaribad nakshatra if one erects a stupa, gives the ungiveable offering

(ögdesigüi-yin takil ögbesü), gathers medicines, produces a meritorious ransom figure,

crushes the eliy-e [demons] of the little ones, brings a bride into one's household, offers the

fire sacrifice, ferments alcohol, beckons fortune, or does any kind of deed, it is good. If one

subdues an enemy, creates a mandala, gives a horse, seeks profit, does business, holds a feast,

or sets out on a journey, it is bad. If a daughter is born, she will be stupid and a thief. If there

147
The term aèi may refer to the thieve’s grandson or granddaughter, nephew or niece.

604
TRANSLATION

is an earthquake, it will be bad for those who belong to the caste of the wretched (baram-a

ija(ur-tan).148 The appearance of the two stars is like a picket post (¯ele-yin (adasun).

In Rivadi nakshatra if one builds a house, leans against a column, brings a bride into

one's household, holds a meritorious feast, gathers medicines, builds a temple, beats an

enclosure, conducts an assembly peaceably, seeks profit, sends an emissary, trades a horse,

holds a feast, acquires an ox, herds sheep or goats, teaches wisdom, makes a reply, casts off

a torma, creates a triangular mandala ((urbal¯in mandal egüdbesü), performs rites of

pacification, calculates a matrix,149 takes out bones, sets out on a journey, or if a son is born,

it is good. If one gives a loan or wealth and livestock, sees off a daughter, if someone dies,

or if one tailors a robe, it is bad. If there is an earthquake, those who possess skillful means

and wisdom will be annihilated in their own intermediary state. This is the old woman's spirit

nakshatra. The appearance of its thirty-two stars is like a boat.

[32r] In Ašivani nakshatra if one fits a robe, holds a feast, gives a name to a new-

born, trades a qainu( (cross between ox and yak), brings a bride into one's household, gives

or takes livestock, goes on a visit, offers sacrifice to a burqan, lays brick, battles with an

enemy, causes hail to fall, trains a colt, recites a dh~ran}§, collects medicines, herds animals,

makes a marriage or personal alliance, sows seed, beckons fortune, performs meritorious

deeds, performs meritorious deeds for the dead, cuts the tail of death, erects a stupa, plants a

148
For various kinds of origins of people see Sárközi BTD, 3856, p. 276.
149
Perhaps this refers to calculating the divination "magic squares" or mewas. Cf.
Cornu (1997: 102-126).

605
TRANSLATION

tree, or moves one's house, it is good. If one has a dispute, it is bad. If a son is born, he will

have a long life, free of illness. If there is an earthquake, gods and demons will become few.

The appearance of the three stars is like the head of a horse.

As for Barani nakshatra, it is like the three legs of a trivet. Thus, if one erects a gate

or watermill, performs a ceremony, does battle, if soldiers build up the frontier, if one teaches

wisdom, reads a writing, builds a fortress, gives a loan, takes a widow, makes rain, crushes

eliy-e, or draws the name of an enemy, it is bad. If one performs a rite for the fearsome ones,

hunts animals in a drive, or tailors a robe, it is good. If one sets out on a journey, or buries

someone's bones, it is bad. If a son is born, he will like to kill and slaughter. His character

will be bad. Later he will go to hell. If there is an earthquake, or if the sun and moon are

eclipsed, it will be bad for all mice.150 The appearance of the three stars is like a lotus. The

seven water nakshatra of the north are finished.

In Hindi, nagšidar-a sam-a yogibani

In Tibetan, isgarma g’zangdang ildanblan kyagvsèollab

Translated into Mongolian, I prostrate myself for the completion of the stars together with the

planets.

150
That this is bad for all mice probably includes those who are born under the sign
of the Rat as well as the animal itself.

606
TRANSLATION

[32v] Having become an ascetic (sâdhu),151 [the king] said, "Oh, daughter, who are

you? Where is the place you reside? What are you able to do?"

When this was asked, the girl replied, "I am a queen named Vima,152 a daughter of

heaven. I am able to lay heaven on its side. I am able to level the earth. I can repulse an

enemy. I can bring forth water in a dry place. I can bring forth woods from rock and stone.

I can make a poor man rich."

The king asked again, "Oh, daughter, since your body is small, how do you speak great

words? If this is so, what is my star?"

The girl replied, "King, having bathed your body in water of incense, tie nine kinds

of colored silk to a bow with vulture feathers. Prepare various foods and offerings and when

you have placed them [on the altar], offer sacrifice to heaven and earth. I am going to teach

you everything about the gara( and the wandering stars.

When the king heard this, he immediately prepared his offering in the manner

described and asked, "Oh, daughter, what is the star of heaven's Wheel-turning king? What

151
The manuscript gives sahdu. Perhaps this refers to Skt. sâhdu "holy person, saint;
virtuous; good; sage; a monk or ascetic," (Grimes, 263). Knappert defines sâdhu as "a saint,
a person who has succeeded in suppressing his desires, so that he has acquired true insight
into the essence of reality, which is that all people and all creatures are one” (1991: 213).
See in Kara where the term sâhdu is given in an astrological text in the Uigur form satu
(1979: 199).
152
Bawden mentions this goddess without identifying her (1958: 327). Vima is
perhaps a truncated form of Vimala (MW 979).

607
TRANSLATION

is the star which circles the peak of Mount Sumeru?153 What is the star which circles all that

is in the middle? What is the star which circles all that is at the base?"

The girl replied, "The stars of the Wheel-turning king are two, the spike (polar star)

which is called the Eminent Uma154 and the one known as Vima. The stars which circle the

peak of Mount Sumeru are, led by the previous two stars, the six sickle stars, the dog of

heaven, and the Wood star. These circle the peak. Around the middle of Mount Sumeru

circle all the stars, big and small: the twenty-eight stars (those of the nakshatra), beginning

with Kerteg (Pleides) nakshatra, the sun and the moon and the nine gara(,155 and the thirty-

two Lha-mo (Ökin Tngri) which control the hours and the möèi (i.e., mark the time), these

circle the middle. Circling the base are twelve [33r] months which make one year. In one

year there are three hundred sixty days, seven hundred twenty hours. The first year is on the

first day. With each small year there is a star and a planet. Together with each planet is one

which controls time. Fifteen stars in all circle the base."

153
Mt. Sumeru is the mythological mountain in the center of the world in Buddhist
cosmology.
154
Uma is the goddess Durga, the wife of Siva (MMAD 17, n. 39). Uma is given in
Clark’s Two Lamaistic Pantheons, V. I and II, 5B 36, p. 177.
155
Included with the seven gara( which comprise the days of the week there are two
additional gara(, Râhu and Ketu, to make nine total. Râhu, which designates the moon's
ascending node is mythological and belongs to the monster in the heavens, which by the
ancient Hindus and others was believed to occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by
attempting to devour them. The moon's descending node was deified in a similar way as
Ketu. Cf. Burgess (1859: 194).

608
TRANSLATION

Again, the king asked, "Which is the first of the stars? Which of the stars are the good

and bad gates? Which is the gate of heaven? Which is the gate (egüüde) of earth?"

The girl replied, "The first of the stars is Kerteg The good gate is the same Kerteg.

The bad gate is Barani. The gate of heaven is the same Kerteg. The gate of earth is the same

Barani."

Again, the king asked, "Which star brings about the kalpa of fire? Which star brings

about the kalpa of water? Which star brings about the kalpa of air?"156

The girl replied, "The one which brings about the kalpa of fire is Barani. The one

which brings about the kalpa of water is Jayitari. The one which brings about the kalpa of

air is Burnavasu."

Again, the king asked, "What is the star which turns one person into one hundred?

What is the star which turns one mare into one hundred? What is the star which turns one ox

into one hundred? What is the star which turns one sheep into one hundred? What is the star

which makes a poor man rich? What is the star which impoverishes a rich man? What is the

star which disrupts order (kesig) at a feast? What is the star in which a birds nest is burned

in a fire? What is the star which makes two hands (nigen betegüü [=bitegüü]) of grain one

hundred silos? What is the star which causes a man without descendants to have

descendants? What is the star which causes gold to be provided for a begger? What is the

156
Here the four kalpa are given in terms of the Pythagorean four elements as opposed
to the terms of the horoscope, "formation, continuance, decline, and disintegration" which
is more common. Cf. DBT (211-214).

609
TRANSLATION

star which causes profit to be found in a stone? What is the star which causes a bad

commoner to be enrolled to the rank of minister? What is the [star] which causes a ruler to

lose his descendants? What is the star which makes the claws of the wolf fall out of their

sockets? What is the star which causes one to fall from the ranks of dignitaries? [33v] What

is the star which causes a master (ba(ši) to let go in the interval when seizing demons? What

is the star which erases or lessens bad enterprises and bad deeds?"

The girl replied, "The one that makes one man one hundred is Suvadi. The one that

makes one mare one hundred is Burvabadaribad. The one that makes one oxen one hundred

is Rokini. The one that makes one sheep one hundred is Asli(. The one that makes two hands

of grain into one hundred silos is Rivadi. The one that makes the poor man rich is Mul. The

one that impoverishes the rich person is Rokini. The one that gives the blind man eyes is

Anurad. The one that causes profit to be found while seizing bones is Tanista. The one that

causes profit to be found in a stone is Burvasad. The one that causes order to be disrupted at

a feast is Burvabalguni. The one that causes a crippled man to climb rocks is Mig. The one

that causes a bad commoner to be enrolled in the ranks of dignitaries is Qasta. The one that

causes the nest of a bird to burn is Rivadi. The one that causes a master the let go in the

interval of seizing demons is Burnavasu. The one that causes the wolf’s claws to protract is

Udaribadaribad. The one that causes a king to loose his descendant is Margišar. The one

that causes one to fall from the ranks of dignitaries is Abiji. The one that erases or lessens bad

enterprises or bad deeds is Barani."

610
TRANSLATION

The girl spoke further, "In the six sickle stars do not hold a sharp-edged implement.

Towards the queen called Vima do not reveal a prophecy. Under the meat-eating elephant do

not take out bones. Towards the cord of heaven do not beckon fortune. In the direction of

the brand with seven banners do not open the gate of a treasury. Towards the cord which

binds east and west do not bring a bride into one's household. Under the glorious great

elephant do not plant a crop. In the direction of yeke amatu sön-e157 do not attack with

cavalry."

When the king asked, "Which are these?" the girl replied, [34r] "The six sickle stars

are Anurad. If soldiers set off on a campaign, they will speak in an antagonistic way. The

queen named Vima is Qasta. Thus, do not reveal a prophecy. If one does reveal [a prophecy],

one will not be re-born. The meat-eating elephant is Jayitari. Thus, do not take out bones.

If one takes them out, the tail of death will not be cut. The cord of heaven is Èista. In this

if one offers sacrifice to a burqan or beckons fortune, harm will come immediately. The seal

with seven banners is Udarisad. Under this do not give grain. If one does give grain, the

treasury will become empty. The cord of west and east is Kerteg. Under this do not bring a

bride into one's household; do not give a daughter. The glorious great elephant is Mig. Thus,

if one plants a crop oxen will die. The mouth Son'e is Burvabadaribad. Under this do not

attack with cavalry. The horses will die. The one that cuts off descendants is Mul. The one

that destroys good fortune is Burvasad. The one that causes one woman to see the face of

nine men is Anurad. The one that causes one thief to see nine kings is Abiji. The one which

157
Transcription and translation uncertain.

611
TRANSLATION

causes tears to come from a face of stone is Tanista. Oh, king, one should look at this closely

and know it well.

Fourth, let the good and bad [auspices] of the twelve years be told.

On the Rat day, do not see an omen. Do not battle an enemy. Do not remove a

splinter (šilige). Do not give a loan. Do not tailor a new robe, nor wear it. If one wears it,

rats will bite [it]. If one does business, performs a meritorious deed, builds a house, or goes

to pillage or steal, it is good. Do not tailor a red robe; do not wear one.

On the Ox day, if one does business it will not be profitable. If one builds a house,

brings a bride into one's household, performs rites for life and protection, or pounds out a city

[wall], it is good. If one builds a house for a son, or if one's son and grandchildren separate

[into] different [factions], [34v] the life of the bride will be short. Do not set out on a

campaign. As for the Ox, it is the day for translating the Great Vehicle. Do not wear a red

or gold robe; do not mend one. Do not wear a new hat.

On the Tiger day, do not offer sacrifice to a burqan. If one offers sacrifice, the lord

of the burqan will die by a sharp-edged (trenchant) implement. Do not cut wood. It is a bad

day in which one may become poor. If one adorns a city, meets an enemy, gives a meritorious

ransom figure, or offers the fire offering, [it is good]; it is good for the rites of the fearsome

ones. Do not tailor multi-colored robe; do not wear one.

On the Hare day, if a king ascends to the throne, if one pays respect to the ancestors,

receives a decree from heaven, trains a horse, or concocts medicine, it is good. Do not

examine the land [i.e., practice feng shui/geomancy]. Do not disturb a powerful place. If one

612
TRANSLATION

does disturb such a place, the dragon kings will bring illness. Do not cause hail to fall. Do

not give a paper figure (sada(-a). Do not seize power. If you do, it will be destroyed. Do

not make a ransom figure response. The lords of the earth and the demons of the dragon kings

will harass. Do not tailor nor wear a green robe. On the Dragon day, if one

preaches the dharma, beats cymbals and drum, blows a trumpet, performs a fire sacrifice,

pacifies demons (èidköd), performes a rite for longevity, beckons fortune, recites the dh~ran}§

of the fearsome ones, meets an enemy, or gives a blessing, it is good. Do not lament;

otherwise it will not be relieved for a long time. The rulers and the great clan will decline.

Do not cut up an old robe. Do not repair a dwelling that has been destroyed (selbi/salbi).

On the Snake day, if one offers sacrifice to the lord of the land, changes land (nutu()

or administrative unit (oto(), gives livestock, makes a promise, recites a dh~ran}§, accepts

guidance, acquires something, offers sacrifice to a burqan, or searches for the source of land

and water, it is good. It is a fortunate day. Do not bring a bride into one's household. If one

does bring a brind into one's household, [the husband and wife] will separate, or, if not, they

will have no descendants. Do not dig a grave. Do not cause demons to be suppressed. Do

not tailor nor wear a black robe.

On the Horse day, if one tailors a robe, digs for gold, [35r] offers sacrifice to the eight

classes, fights, or moves a dwelling, it is extremely good. If one goes for a visit, it will

become a long affair. If one attacks with cavalry, the horses will die. If not, the saddles will

break. If one builds a new dwelling, gives a daughter, makes any kind of loan, or gathers

medicines, it is bad. Do not tailor nor wear a black robe.

613
TRANSLATION

On the Sheep day, if one offers sacrifice to a burqan, selects a stallion, bull camel,

or bull, inscribes or recites the dharma (i.e., writes or reads a book), builds a fortress [wall],

builds a dwelling for a son, gives away a daughter, or looks for a shepherd, it is good. Do not

gather medicine. If one sets off on a campaign or moves a dwelling, it is bad. Do not tailor

nor wear a jade-colored robe.

On the Monkey day, if one moves a house, takes a bride, plants a tree, if a new couple

unites, if one seeks profit, beats cymbals and drum, celebrates a festival, gives a meritorious

ransom figure, or convenes an assembly, it is good. If one mends a robe or dwelling the

owner will die. It is bad. Do not tailor nor wear a yellow robe.

On the Cock day, if one performs a meritorious deed, offers the fire sacrifice, feeds

a beloved son, goes for a visit, moves a house, sets out on a journey, or gathers medicines, it

is good. Do not convene an assembly. If one holds a feast or builds a house, it is bad. Do not

tailor nor wear a multi-colored robe. Do not sprinkle gold.

On the Dog day, if one finishes a deed, goes for a visit, sets off on a campaign, offers

sacrifice to a burqan, goes to pillage, gives an inheritance to a son, gives away a daughter,

seeks a name, offers sacrifice to the heavens and the earth, prays prayers, or goes into battle,

it is good. If one moves a house or takes a new bride, it is bad. Do not tailor nor wear a white

robe.

[35v] On the Pig day, if one performs a rite for causing [an enemy] to be crushed,

casts away a torma (dough figure), performs a rite for the fearsome ones, offers sacrifice for

the clergy (priests and incarnate lamas), plants on rocky ground, builds a house on rock, or

614
TRANSLATION

performs a rite of repulsing [a curse], it is good. If one takes out the bones of a dead person,

inters a corpse, gives away a daughter as a bride, or pacifies demons of one’s beloved (engküri

èidköd), it is bad. Do not tailor nor wear a green robe.

As for the Twelve Lords (Arban qoyar e¯in), one reads in Chinese writing, jan, èuu,

man, bing, ding, gi [=ji], pô, üi, èeng, šiu, ke, bi. In Mongolian writing one reads, e¯ilegèi,

aril(a(èi, dügürügèi, tübsidkegèi, to(ta(èi, saki(èi, ebdegèi, tüšigèi [=tügšigèi], bütügèi,

quriya(èi, negegèi, qa(a(èi.

On the day of the One Who Dominates, if one repairs a house, sets out on a journey,

offers sacrifice to the ong(od (tutelary deities), yields to what is written, goes travelling with

others to receive a promotion or for other [official matters], or if nobles present themselves

to the principle wife of the emperor, it is good. One should not disturb the ground or open a

treasury. Do not launch either a new or old boat into a river. Do not cross over. It is bad for

these deeds.

On the day of the One Who Eradicates, if one offers sacrifice to the gods and tutelary

deities, performs rites for life and protection, builds or repairs a house, sets out on a journey,

separates a herd of animals, does business, causes livestock to bed down in a new shelter,

pulverizes a physician's medicine, brings an illness under control, causes any kind of

implement to be made for a home, plants a tree or flower, collects medicines or treatments,

offers a fire sacrifice, or burns the spirit of a corpse, it is good. One should not move. It is

bad.

615
TRANSLATION

[36r] On the day of the One Who Fills if one repairs a house, tailors a robe, inscribes

the dharma, plants a tree or flower, collects seals, enters a new home, opens a treasury, gives

or receives alms, performs rites for the protection of life, works a new pump (šin-e körge

tatabasu),158 or stops up the hole of a well, it is good for these deeds. If one disturbs the

ground, goes to do business in a distant place, takes medicine, or moves a house, it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Levels, if one sets out on a journey, repairs, makes, or

covers a house or cart, or completely repairs any kind of old ware inside the home, it is good.

If one digs a water canal, plants a crop, tailors a robe, or inscribes the dharma (i.e., writes a

book), it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Stabilizes, if one yields to the dharma, tailors a robe,

offers sacrifice to the gods and ong(od (tutelary deities), if a daughter becomes engaged [to

be married], if one requests a girl [for marriage], or if one accepts a young lady and matches

her [with someone], if one separates animals and herds them, gives away animals, erects a

mill, or does business, it is good. Do not listen to a complaint (lawsuit), do not testify. If one

sets out on a journey, or plants a crop, it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Guards, if one produces a ransom figure for the protection

of life, offers sacrifice to the gods and ong(od (tutelary deities), submits a written tribute to

a king (qa(an-a tatul(-a beèig oro(ulbasu), if a son has relations with a girl (köbegün okin-i

neyièilebesü)159 or seduces a girl, or if one lies in ambush for a pillaging thief, hooks a fish,

158
Perhaps the reference is to a bellows instead of a well.
159
The idea is to have common property.

616
TRANSLATION

or debates a scripture (bièig abulèibasu), it is good. If one enters a new home, moves away,

sets out on a journey, returns to one's own home, opens a treasury, launches a new boat into

the water, gives alms, or causes animals to bed down in a new shelter, it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Destroys, if one seeks a physician to have an illness

examined, destroys an old house, pulverizes medicine, initiates the search for a thief, or acts

according to the law, it is good. If one disturbs the ground, sets out on a journey, [36v] if a

Christian comes (?erkeèi iribesü),160 moves a home, plants a crop, launches a new boat into

the water, if a daughter becomes engaged, if one brings a bride into one's household, offers

a fire sacrifice, or causes livestock to bed down in a new shelter, it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Trembles, if one performs rites for the protection of life,

submits a written tribute to the king, becomes engaged, asks for a girl or seduces a girl, repairs

a new table or bed, does business, or causes livestock to bed down in a new shelter, it is good.

If one cuts wood and moves [it] to a new place, or sends off a boat, it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Accomplishes, if one offers sacrifice to the gods and

tutelary deities (ong(od), produces a ransom figure protection for life, tailors a robe, if a girl

is married out, if one submits a written tribute to the king, covers a house, separates livestock

into different groups, erects a mill, mutually receives a scripture, treats an illness, repairs an

old house, plants a flower, sets out on a journey, enters a new home, assimilates the ware of

one house in another house, brings a bride into one's household, gives alms, makes a profit,

or gives an animal to someone, it is good in general. If one sues, it is bad.

160
The transcription and translation are doubtful.

617
TRANSLATION

On the day of the One Who Assembles, if one lies in ambush for a pillaging thief,

hunts in a drive, brings in a ware from the outside, repairs a house or cart, plants a crop or

flower, offers sacrifice to the gods and ong(od (tutelary deities), starts a [new] book, takes

a wife, erects a treasury building, grabs a fish from the water, gives a good or animal to

someone, or acquires profit or debt, it is good. If one treats the bones of an old corpse, puts

the aorta and heart into a Buddha or tutelary deity, sets out on a journey, applies a poultice,

or a compress, inscribes a dharma scripture, or convenes and assembly, it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Opens, if one produces a ransom figure protection for life,

offers sacrifice to the gods, submits a document to a king, [37r] starts a [new] book, tailors

a robe, becomes engaged with a girl or seduces a girl, erects a house and cart, digs a canal,

starts a well, erects a mill, herds livestock, does business, repairs a house, opens a treasury,

plants a crop, if a noble presents himself to the principal wife of the emperor, if one performs

any kind of deed, enters a new house, moves, takes a wife, arrests an illness, or disturbs the

ground, it is good. If there is an earthquake, or if one does business, on the first day of the

month, it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Closes, if one makes a ransom figure protection for life,

offers sacrifice to the gods and tutelary deities, matches a boy and girl, does business, herds

animals, gives or receives alms, repairs a house or cart, disturbs the ground, digs a hole for

a well, plants a crop or tree, makes a chest for a corpse, or builds the table for a throne, it is

good. If one makes a poultice or a compress, pulverizes medicine, offers a fire sacrifice, sets

out on a journey, enters a new house, or moves, it is bad.

618
TRANSLATION

Another item, as for a good day to build a town or city, Mig, Burvabalguni,

Udaribalguni, Burvasad, Udarisad, Sadabis, or Udaribadaribad, these are good. The Moon,

Water, Wood, or Gold stars are good. The Ox or Sheep day is good. The twenty-fifth is

good. The twenty-sixth [of] Qubi sara is bad. As for a good day to ascend the ruler's throne,

to receive a promotion, or to receive a title, Qubi sara or the Eighth month is good. Rokini,

Udaribalguni, Udarisad, or Sadabis is good. Moon, Water, Wood, or Gold, these are good.

The Hare day is good. The third, tenth and Ox days are bad.

As for a good day to build a temple, hermitage or house, Kerteg, Rokini, Mig,

Burvabalguni, Udaribalguni, [37v] Burvasad, Udarisad, Udaribadaribad, or Rivadi, these,

are good. The Moon, Water, Wood, or Gold star is good. The seventh, eighteenth, or twenty-

fifth is good. The Ox or Sheep day is good. Every third Horse day is bad. Jayitari, Suvadi,

or Suša( is bad. Sun, Fire, Earth, these are bad.

As for a good day to bless a temple, monastery, scripture, or object of veneration

(šitügen), from the Eleventh month until the Fifth month is good. The second, third, eighth,

twelfth, or fifteenth of any month is good. If the star and nakshatra is good, the last days161

are also good. The nineteenth and the thirtieth are bad. The Moon, Water, Wood or Gold star

is good. Rokini, Ardar, Bus, Udaribalguni, Èista, Mul, Burvasad, Udarisad, Širvan, or

Burvabadaribad, these are good.

Also, as for a good day to bless a temple or monastery, stupa, burqan or scripture, or

to make a consecration [for these things], as it is taught in the tantras concerning the blessing

161
The final ten days of the month; here from the 20th-29th.

619
TRANSLATION

of a mandala, one should make the blessing during the first ten days of the month. As long

as the star and nakshatra coincide, if one makes [the blessing] during the last ten days of the

month no harm will come of it. Because it has been preached thus, concerning the first ten

days of the month for making the blessing in accordance with the root tantra, the six months

when the sun proceeds in a northerly direction, the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and

Twelfth months, these are good. The second, third, eighth, twelfth, or fifteenth, these days

are good. The twenty-ninth or thirtieth is bad. As for a good nakshatra, Burvasad, Rokini,

Širvan, Udaribalguni, Ardar, Èista, Mul, Bus, Udarisad, or Udaribadaribad, on the days of

these stars, if one makes a blessing it will bring peace, and good fortune will increase. On

Udaribalguni the blessing (adistid) will be great. On both Mul and Abiji the teachings and

dharma may be known. On Ardar good fortune will well increase. On Rokini one will

conquer others, and on Margišar peace [38r] will be firm. On Burvasad and Udarisad sons

and grandchildren will be many. On Udaribadaribad the blessing will be great. On Anurad

one will find supreme magic (sidi).

Also as for a good gara( star, if one gives a blessing on the Moon, Water, or Wood,

there will be supreme peace and every desire will be fulfilled. On the Sun, Fire, and Earth

harm to animals will be great. Also, as for a good occasion for the star of a day, if the Moon

star falls on the third, sixth, seventh, tenth, or eleventh, it is extremely good. On the second,

fourth, eighth, or tenth, the Water star is extremely good. As for any Gold star, besides these

three days, the sixth, seventh, or [ ], on all of them it is good. On these stars if one blesses

620
TRANSLATION

an object of veneration (sitügen), the benefit will be extremely great. The deeds of making

a consecration or blessing are not the same as the deeds of the world.

Another item, as to the congregation of the eight classes according to the conjunction

of day and month, in general they will convene on the three nines of the first four months.162

They will disperse on the three sixes. They will convene on the three sevens of the middle

four months, and disperse on the three eights. They will convene on the three fives of the last

four months, and disperse on the three fours. On the days when they convene, if one performs

any kind of fearsome rite it is good. The symbol of this [day] is the vajra. The symbol of the

day when they return is the half vajra. On this day do not perform fearsome rites.

Another item, concerning Maheúvara and Amitâbha's convention with the heads of the

eight classes,163 reckoning and probing the lives of all living beings, and [the times] when they

will convene, [38v] they will convene gathering their twelve consorts (gdanm-a). They will

convene gathering at the hour when the sun rises on the fourteenth day of Qubi sara. They

will convene having the four times (dörben èa() gather around at midnight on the sixteenth

day of the Second month. They will convene gathering the four demons (šimnus) and mother

(eke) just prior to midnight on the twenty-second day of the Third month. The will convene

gathering the planets (gara(-ud) when the dawn breaks on the eighth day of the Fourth

month. They will convene having the eight dragon kings gather around when the sun rises

162
That is, the 9th, 19th, and 29th days of the month.
163
In ayima(-ud-ud, the final suffix should be written as a genitive -un instead of the
plural -ud.

621
TRANSLATION

on the fifteenth and twenty-second days of the Fifth month. On the eighth day of the Sixth

month the gods (tngri), monsters (mang(us), eight classes and so forth will offer sacrifice by

means of an offering of time on the summit of Mount Sumeru, and Maheúvara and so forth

will amuse themselves with the games of Râhula (Raqula). And because of their indulgence,

although they will not disperse this month, on the sixth day [only] a few will convene. They

will convene having the class of ma mo (ekiner) gather around when the dawn breaks on the

twenty-fifth day of the Seventh month. Having the class of the yaksas gather around from the

tenth day of the Eighth month until the thirtieth, they will convene when the sun sets. Having

the eight classes gather around from the eighth day of the Ninth month until the thirtieth, they

will convene at the hour when the sun sets. Having the yaksas class gather around from the

fourteenth day of the Tenth month until the sixteenth day they will convene at the hour when

the sun sets. Having the Erlig gather around from the twenty-second day of the Eleventh

month until the thirtieth day, they will convene from noon until night. While they are

convening during the Twelfth month, at midnight on the twenthy-ninth day there will be a

great congregation with the gods (tngri), monsters (mang(us), and eight classes all together.

On this day if one pierces with a lance, turns the wheel (i.e., preaches the law), establishes a

foundation (tul(-a bolqu), discards a bloody sickle, [39r] burns a fire mandala, causes hail to

fall, or so forth, or if one performs any kind of fearsome rite, it will be bad, like a jewel which

has entered the throat of a sea monster. [An act] will be accomplished without a curse. Its

symbol is the downward-pointed lance.

622
TRANSLATION

Another item, as to when the eight classes will return, they will return when the sun

sets on the seventeenth and nineteenth days of Qubi sara. They will return when the sun sets

on the first and twenty-eighth days of the Second month. They will return at noon on the

third, twenty-eighth, and thirtieth days of the Third month. They will return at midnight on

the twenty-fifth day of the Fourth month. They will return when the sun rises on the sixteenth

day of the Fifth month. They will return at noon on the eleventh, thirteenth and fifteenth days

of the Sixth month. They will return when the dawn breaks on the twelfth and seventeenth

days of the Seventh month. They will return when the dawn breaks on the third and

seventeenth days of the Eighth month. They will return when the sun rises on the second day

of the Ninth month. They will return at noon on the eighteenth day of the Tenth month. They

will return at midnight on the twentieth day of the Eleventh month. They will return at

midnight on the twenty-seventh day of the Twelfth month. On these days, as it was previously

told, if one performs fearsome rites, the life of the person who does so will be short. No

matter how great one's own power of meditation might be, it will bring great harm to women

and children, possessions and animals. Its symbol is the upward-facing lance.

Another item, as for a day when the dragon kings will convene according to the

conjunction of day and month, they will convene on the seventeenth day of Qubi sara; the

third day of the Second month; the second and fifteenth day of the Third month; the eighth,

fifteenth, and twenty-eighty days of the Fourth month; the fifth and twenty-second days of the

Fifth month; the twenty-fifth day of the Sixth month; [39v] the twelfth and fifteenth days of

the Seventh month; the fourteenth, fifteenth, and thirtieth days of the Eighth month; the

623
TRANSLATION

eleventh and twelfth days of the Ninth month; the fifth and eighth days of the Tenth month;

the seventeenth and twenty-seventh days of the Eleventh month; and they return on the

twenty-ninth day of the Twelfth month. On these days, if one offers sacrifice to the Lords of

the Earth and the dragon kings, it is extremely good. Its symbol is the blue lake.

As for the day the dragon kings return, they return on the first and tenth days of Qubi

sara; the fourteenth and twenty-eighth days of the Second month; the sixteenth day of the

Third month; the sixteenth day of the Fourth month; the eighth, fourteenth, and twenty-ninth

days of the Fifth month; the first and eleventh days of the Sixth month; the fifth and sixth days

of the Seventh month; the sixth and thirteenth days of the Eighth month; the ninth, nineteenth,

and twentieth days of the Ninth month; the nineteenth day of the Tenth month; the sixteenth,

twenty-sixth and thirtieth days of the Eleventh month; and they return on the second, twelfth,

and twenty-second days of the Twelfth month. On these days if one offers sacrifice to land

or water lords, or makes a white treatment (èa(an ¯asal), there will be no benefit. Its symbol

is the red sun.

Another item, as for the servant, baling do(šin, seeking food for the gara( by the

conjunction of day and month, because it is the incarnation of the gara( it is known as the

wolf of the gara(. As for the son born of the supreme lord named Celestial Vima (tngri-yin

vim-a) and the one known as the Black Hawk of the Earth, he is called Lord and Ruler of the

Earth ((a¯ar-un e¯in qa(an). It is said that with a body as big as a thumb he rides a horse as

big as a mouse, destroyer of the world, he holds a black banner, and in the afternoon on the

eighth day of Qubi sara, [40r] he runs in search of food. At midnight on the eighteenth day

624
TRANSLATION

of the Second month x;164 when the sun rises on the twenty-eighty day of the Third month x;

when the sun rises on the fifth day of the Fourth month x; at dusk on the fifteenth day of the

Fifth month x; on the twenty-fifth day of the Sixth month [x]; with the dawn on the first day

of the Seventh month x; when the sun rises on the eleventh day of the Eighth month x; in the

afternoon on the twenty-first day of the Ninth month x; at midnight on the ninth day of the

Tenth month x; at midnight on the nineteenth day of the Eleventh month x; and with the dawn

on the twenty-ninth day of the Twelfth month, he runs in search of food. At noon he runs

from south to north. He runs from west to east at midnight. He runs from north to south.165

If one leads soldiers against his running, the commander of the army will die. If one brings

a bride into one's household, there will be death or separation. If one takes out bones,

someone will die during this month. If illness comes it will be difficult to treat. If a son is

born it will be bad [for him] later. If one acts following these practices: soldiering, milling,

and fearsome rites, one will be very powerful. Its symbol is one red drop.

Where baling of the Tiger Hare Dragon Cock

the fierce dwells Horse Sheep Monkey Ox
Dog month Pig month Rat month Snake month
on the first day east south west north
second southeast southwest northwest northeast
third ?northeast southeast southeast northwest
[?northwest]

164
The manuscript gives an x to show the repetition of a phrase. Here it stands for,
"they run in search of food."
165
The manuscript does not say when.

625
TRANSLATION

fourth south west north east

fifth north east south west
sixth southwest northwest northeast southeast
seventh northwest east southwest southwest
eighth west north east south
ninth east south west north
tenth southeast southwest northwest northeast

Also as to the Voidness of the month: 1 Dragon;166 2 Ox; 3 Dog; 4 Sheep; 5 Dragon; 6

Dragon; 7 Dog; 8 Sheep; 9 Dragon; 10 Ox; 11 Dog; 12 Sheep.

of the Tiger Hare Dragon Cock

Horse Sheep Monkey Ox
Dog month Pig month Rat month Snake month
eleventh northeast southeast southwest northwest
twelfth south east north east
thirteenth north east south west
fourteenth southwest northwest northeast southeast
fifteenth northwest northeast southeast southwest
sixteenth west north east south
seventeenth east south west north
eighteenth southeast southwest northwest northeast
nineteenth northeast southeast southwest northwest
twentieth south west north east

166
I.e. "the Dragon days of the first month," and so on.

626
TRANSLATION

of the Tiger Hare Dragon Cock

Horse Sheep Monkey Ox
Dog month Pig month Rat month Snake month
on the twenty- north east south west
first day
twenty-second southwest northwest northeast southeast
twenty-third northwest northeast southeast southwest
twenty-fourth west north east south
twenty-fifth west south west north
twenty-sixth southeast southwest southwest northeast
twenty-seventh northeast southwest southeast northwest
twenty-eighth south west north east
twenty-ninth north east south west
thirtieth southwest northwest northeast southeast

[41r] Another item, when one takes out bones in the direction where the Fearsome

Baling stay, [if one does so] prior to accomplishing the path, it will be fortunate. If one sets

out on a campaign it will be bad for the body of the commander or [his] horse. If a traveler

leaves, upon his return he will not arrive. If one brings a bride into one's household, two

people will die. If one builds a town, it will be impoverished. If one gives or receives alms,

good fortune will diminish. If one sets out a thread cross, the master will not reach his next

year. If one goes to do business, his goods will be lost. If one commits a theft, he will be

punished. If one gives a ransom figure, it will bring harm. If one suppresses the eliy-e

(demons), the end of death will not be cut. It is bad.

627
TRANSLATION

Another item, let me write to distinguish the black times of a year, month, or day.

White Tiger, Geng-xin, black Snake, Ren-gui, blue Monkey, Jia-yi, yellow Pig, and Wu-ji,

these eight years are black.

Another item, as to a black month, in the years of the Rat and Horse, the middle month

of spring is the one which cuts off descendants; the middle month of autumn is the one which

impoverishes. In the Ox and Sheep years, the final month of spring is the one which cuts off

descendants; the final month of autumn is the one which impoverishes. In the Tiger and

Monkey years, the first month of summer is the one which cuts off descendants; the first

month of winter is the one which impoverishes. In the Hare and Cock years, the middle

month of summer is the one which cuts off descendants. The middle month of winter is the

one which impoverishes. In the Dragon and Dog years, the final month of summer is the one

which cuts off descendants; the final month of winter is the one which impoverishes. In the

Snake and Pig years, the first month of spring is the one which cuts off descendants; the first

month of autumn is the one which impoverishes.

Of these black months, the head of the four first months is black; the back of the four

middle months is black; and the tail of the four final months is black. In these black months,

[41v] if one erects a temple or monastery, builds a city, establishes a great state, ascends the

throne, moves to a new territory, takes a bride, gives away a daughter, gives an inheritance

to a son, or goes on a great migration, it is extremely bad. One must strive to avoid them.

Another item, as for a small day, on these days: the twenty-eighth day of Qubi sara;

the eighteenth day of the Second month; the eighth day of the Third month; the twenty-fifth

628
TRANSLATION

day of the Fourth month; the fifteenth day of the Fifth month; the fifth day of the Sixth month;

the twenty-eighth day of the Seventh month; the eleventh day of the Eighth month; the first

day of the Ninth month; the twenty-ninth day of the Tenth month; the nineteenth day of the

Eleventh month; and the ninth day of the Twelfth month, one should not perform peaceful

good deeds. It is good for fearsome deeds. Its symbol is this black drop.

Another item, as for a great black day, on these days: the seventh day of Qubi sara;

the fourteenth day of the Second month; the twenty-first day of the Third month; the eighth

day of the Fourth month; the sixteenth day of the Fifth month; the twenty-fourth day of the

Sixth month; the ninth day of the Seventh month; the eighteenth day of the Eighth month; the

twenty-seventh day of the Ninth month; the tenth day of the Tenth month; the twentieth day

of the Eleventh month; and the thirtieth day of the Twelfth month, do not perform any kind

of good deed. If one washes one's body, makes a curse, or mixes poison, it is good.

Anther item, as for an impoverishing black day, it always coincides with a great black

day. Thus, if one brings a bride into one's household, gives away a daughter, or if someone

dies, if one has many progeny his descendants will be cut off; if one exports a possession or

animal, if one is rich, he will become a beggar. [42r] If one builds a town or city, erects a

house or cart, if soldiers set off on a journey, or if ones makes a joyful feast, a beloved son

who is like one's very heart, will die. On these days, even though the stars or nakshatra might

be good, they will not be beneficial. If one makes a curse, it will not be accomplished in three

years. It is a day for accomplishing an act in a single day.

629
TRANSLATION

Also, as for a Black hour, in the three middle months of spring the Monkey, Cock, and

Dog hour is black. In the three months of summer, the Hare, Dragon, and Dog hour is black.

In the three month of autumn, the Ox, Dragon, and Dog hour is black. And in the three

months of winter, the Ox, Snake, and Dog hour is black.

Another item, as to the affairs of the black šingpüng, on a Tiger or Monkey day in the

three months of spring, they run from south to north. On an Ox or Sheep day in the three

months of summer, they run from west to east. On a Dragon or Dog day in the three months

of autumn, they run from north to south. On a Snake or Pig day in the three months of winter,

they run from east to west. On a Rat, Horse, Cock or Hare day, they will be in the center.

Another item, concerning the hours and deeds to be avoided pertaining to the running

of the black šingpüng, on the Tiger and Monkey days of Qubi sara, they will run after the sun

has risen. In those hours, if one disturbs the ground, builds a city, or molds a miniature stupa

[out of clay (sasa deledbesü)], one will become poor. On the Tiger and Monkey days of the

Second month they will run at midnight. In those hours, if one digs an excavation or makes

a mandala, [one's efforts] will be blunted. On the Tiger and Monkey days of the Third month,

they will run when the dawn breaks. In these hours if one disturbs the ground, covers a roof,

takes out bones, or digs a place on which to build, it is bad. On the Ox and Sheep days of the

Fourth month they will run at the hour when the sun sets. In those hours, if one disturbs the

ground, repairs a canal, or gathers the straw of a crop, it is bad. On the Ox and Sheep days

of the Fifth month, they will run at the hour when the sun rises. In those hours, if one disturbs

the ground or breaks the soil, it is bad. On the Ox and Sheep days of the Sixth month, [42v]

630
TRANSLATION

they will run when the sun rises. In those hours, if one digs an excavation or files a lawsuit,

it is bad. On the Dragon and Dog days of the Seventh month they will run in the hour when

the sun rises. In those hours, if one disturbs the ground, kindles a fire in the hearth (odèa(

tülebesü), digs a mine, or erects an enclosure, it is bad. On the Dragon and Dog days of the

Eighth month they will run in the hour when the sun rises. In those hours, if one disturbs the

ground, erects a mill, builds a fence, or excavates a mine, it is bad. On the Dragon and Dog

days of the Ninth month they will run when the dawn breaks. In those hours, if one builds an

enclosure, or makes an opening (èo(o[l](-a kibesü), it is bad. On the Snake and Pig days of

the Tenth month they will run at midnight. In those hours if one disturbs the ground, or builds

a fortress or platform (yender), it is bad. On the Snake and Pig days of the Eleventh month

they will run at midnight. In those hours, if one disturbs the ground, builds a city, or inters

the bones of one's father or paternal uncle, it is bad. On the Snake and Pig days of the Twelfth

month, they will run in the middle of the night (tong söni). In those hours if one disturbs the

ground or builds a temple or stupa, it is bad. One should not perform any kind of deed against

them [the black šingpüng]. If one becomes possessed (nököèe-) by them, it is good for

making a curse, repulsing [one], or performing rites for crushing the enemy, it is good. They

will be powerful. As for a way to shield them off, if one ties a mirror to the forehead of a

goat, and on it, draws a matrix with nine [squares], like this [], then, in the direction one faces

[the goat], all bad deeds will be avoided. If one encounters them, read the Golden Light

(Altan gerel). The symbol of the black šingpüng is the black letter zi.

631
TRANSLATION

Another item, as for the ginggang (Tib. kingkang), it is known as the fearsome

gara(167 which seizes the sun and moon. It is called the black demon which brings all things

to poverty. In the hour when it looks for food, white deeds become black. The emperor falls

and becomes a commoner. Dignitaries fall and become beggars. If illness comes it will be

difficult to cure. An enemy will come from an unexpected place. [43r] If one takes a bride,

she will become a widow. If one builds a house, five people will die. If one performs any

kind of good deed it is bad. On the day [the ginggang] descends do not take out bones. Do

not settle in a new land. Do not take a wife. If a son [ni(un] is born, he will enter under a

fearsome gara(, and he will use his own father and mother as servants. If one exports an

animal or food, he will become a beggar. As to the day he descends, he will descend on the

seventh and twenty-eighth days of the months which begin on the earth star. He will descend

on the second and twenty-four days of the months which begin on the Moon star. He will

descend on the eighteenth and twenty-eighth days of the months which begin on the fire star.

He will descend on the sixteenth and twenty-sixth days of the months which begin on the

Wood star. Because he is extremely severe and fearsome, one should avoid him. His symbol

is two black drops.

Another item, as for the day the gods and demons battle, they battle on the third, fifth,

and twentieth days of Qubi sara; they battle on the eighth and twelfth days of the Second

month; the tenth and eleventh days of the Third month; the eighth and thirteenth days of the

Fourth month; the ninth and sixteenth days of the Fifth month; the fifth and sixteenth days of

167
I.e., Râhu/Râhula. Cf. DO 548.

632
TRANSLATION

the Sixth month; the fifth and twenty-eighth days of the Seventh month; the ninth and

fourteenth days of the Eighth month; the fifth and sixth days of the Ninth month; the ninth and

twentieth days of the Tenth month; the seventh and twenty-eight days of the Eleventh month;

and they will battle on the twentieth, twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth days of the Twelfth month.

On those days do not offer sacrifice to the dragon kings nor to the lords of the earth. Strive

for one's own protection. Any kind of deed from them should be avoided. Their symbol is

a parti-colored square.

[43v] Another item, as for a day when the lords of the earth who wield an annihilating

black sickle run, [they run on] the eighth day of Qubi sara; the third day of the Second month;

the ninth day of the Third month; the third day of the Fourth month; the thirteenth of the Fifth

month; the ninth day of the Sixth month; the seventh day of the Seventh month; the

seventeenth day of the Eighth month; the twenty-eighth day of the Ninth month; the first day

of the Eleventh month; the thirteenth day of the Eleventh month; and the ninth day of the

Twelfth month. On these days if one preaches the dharma, receives a consecration, takes a

vow of fasting, seeks profit, holds a feast, changes one's place of residence, takes out bones,

builds a house, or inters a corpse, it is bad. Their symbol is a black sickle.

Another item, as for a day on which a mendicant returns empty-handed, it will be the

sixteenth and twenty-sixth days of Qubi sara; the second day of the Second month, the eighth

day of the Third month, the fourth day of the Fourth month; the fifth day of the Fifth month;

the sixth and twenty-first days of the Sixth month; the seventh and nineteenth days of the

Seventh month; the eighth and eleventh days of the Eighth month; the ninth and twenty-first

633
TRANSLATION

days of the Ninth month; the tenth day of the Tenth month; the eleventh day of the Eleventh

month; and the ninth day of the Twelfth month. On these days, if one builds a town or city,

hangs a door, brings a bride into one's household, gives an inheritance to a son, starts a fire

in the hearth(odèa( egüdbesü), preaches the dharma, blesses an idol (object to be relied

upon), holds a feast, seeks profit, sets out on a journey, gives or receives a possession or

animal, or builds a tiered house, it is bad. Its symbol is a parti-colored drop.

Another item, as for [a day when] the fearsome ones of the gara( look for food, [it

will be on] the fifteenth and twenty-fifth days of Qubi sara, [44r] the second and thirteenth

days of the Second month; the eighteenth and twenty-eighth days of the Third month; the

sixteenth and twenty-sixth days of the Fourth month; the fifteenth and twenty-fifth days of the

Fifth month; the second and thirteenth days of the Sixth month; the eighteenth and twenty-

eighth days of the Seventh month; the sixteenth and twenty-sixth days of the Eighth month;

the fifteenth and twenty-fifth days of the Ninth month; the second and thirteenth days of the

Tenth month; the eighteenth and twenty-eighth days of the Eleventh month; and the sixteenth

day of the Twelfth month. On these days if one brings a bride into one's household, builds

a town or city, if a nomad moves his camp, if one holds a feast for the birds (?sibad-un

qurim), disturbs the ground, takes out bones, or sends away a beloved son, it is bad. Its

symbol is the square black area, this [ ].

Another item, as for a day when the dog of the lord of the earth looks for food, [it will

be on] the eighth day of Qubi sara; the seventh and sixteenth days of the Second month; the

twenty-fourth day of the Third month; the ninth day of the Fourth month; the eighteenth day

634
TRANSLATION

of the Fifth month; the twenty-seventh day of the Sixth month; the tenth day of the Seventh

month; the twentieth day of the Eighth month; the thirtieth day of the Ninth month; the

eleventh day of the Tenth month; the twenty-second day of the Eleventh month; and the first

day of the Twelfth month. On these days, if one brings a girl or bride into one's household,

sets off on a campaign, builds a town or city, holds a feast, feeds a dog, or does something for

a dead person, it is bad. Its symbol is a three-eyed square.

Another item, let me write the good and bad [auspices] for the occasions brought forth

by the union of days and stars. If the sun star falls on the fourth or eighth it is good. If the

mood star falls on the first or third it is good. If the Fire star falls on the sixth it is good. If

the Water star falls on the second, seventh, or twelfth it is good. If the Wood star falls on the

fifth, tenth, or fifteenth it is good. If the Gold star falls on the eleventh or thirteenth it is good.

[44v] If the Earth star falls on the fourth or ninth it is good.

Another item, there will be occasions for burning according to the conjunction of days

[and stars]. If the Sun star falls on the twelfth or seventeenth day, [the auspice] is bad. If the

Moon star falls on the eleventh or twenty-sixth day, it is bad. If the Fire star falls on the tenth

or twenty-fifth, it is bad. If the Water star falls on the third or eighteenth day, it is bad. If the

Wood star falls on the sixth or twenty-first day, it is bad. If the Gold star falls on the second

or seventeenth day, it is bad. If the Earth star falls on the seventh or twenty-second day, it is

bad. As for the benefits of performing good deeds on these star dates for burning, they will

be like the ashes of a tree which has burned. Their symbol is a black cross.

635
TRANSLATION

Another item, there will be an occasion for the seven ambrosia according to the

conjunction of the stars and nakshatra. On these days: the Sun star and Qasta; the Moon star

and Anurad; the Fire star and Ašivani; the Water star and Suša(; the Wood star and Bus; the

Gold star and Burvabalguni or Udaribalguni; and the Earth star and Burnavasu, if one erects

a temple or monastery, enlivens a burqan or dharma, makes an implement (kereg ¯asal

kibesü), or performs any kind of good deed, the benefit will be extremely good. Their symbol

is the upward-facing jewel.

Another item, there will be an occasion for the seven blessings according to the

conjunction of the stars and nakshatra. On these days: the Sun star and Qasta; the Moon star

and Širvan; the Fire star and Ašivani; the Water star and Anurad; the Wood star and Bus; the

Gold star and Burnavasu; and the Earth star and Rokini, if one performs any kind of deed

whether for the dharma or the world, the benefit will be according to one's desire. Their

symbol is the upward-facing cintâmani jewel. This [ ].

[45r] Another item, there will be a bad occasion to die according the conjunction of

these stars and nakshatra: the Sun star and Anurad; the Moon star and Kerteg; the Fire star

and Sadabis; the Water star and Ašivani; the Wood star and Margišar; the Gold star and

Ašivani; and the Earth star and Qasta. On these days if one gives alms, renovates a house or

cart, beckons fortune, or performs meritorious good deeds, it is bad. their symbol is the

downward facing cintâmani. This [ ].

Another item, there will be an occasion for burning according to the conjunction of

these stars and nakshatra: The Sun star and Mig; the Moon star and Suša(; the Fire star and

636
TRANSLATION

Ardar; the Water star and Mul; the Wood star and Tanista; the Gold star and Rokini; and the

Earth star and Burvasad; On these days do not perform meritorious deeds. If one performs

sinful deeds, they will succeed. Their symbol is a black cintâmani. This [ ].

Another item, there will be seven days of demons according to the conjunction of

these stars and nakshatra: the Sun star and Kerteg; the Moon star and Barani; the Fire star

and Mig; the Water star and Ardar; the Wood star and Margišar; the Gold star and Bus; and

the Earth star and Tanista; On these days if one sets off on a campaign, one will crush the

enemy. If one makes a fearsome implement (do(sin kereg kibesü), one will supress èidköd

demons. It is good for any kind of fearsome severe act. It is bad for a white ¯asal or peaceful

deed. Their symbol is a downward-facing stupa.

Another item, as for the seven days in which to conquer šimnus demons, [they are:]

the sun star and Mul; the moon star and Abiji; the fire star and Burvabadaribad; the Water star

and Kerteg; the Wood star and Burnavasu; the gold star and Burvasad; and the earth star and

Suvadi. On these days of one performs fearsome deeds or a powerful act, it will succeed

immediately. Their symbol is a black [sun]. This [ ].

Another item, let the good and bad occasions of the four elements, according to the

conjunction of stars and nakshatra, be in keeping with the custom of the Kâlacakra. [45v]

Also, the Gold star and the Earth star are earth;168 the Moon and Water stars are water; the Sun

and Fire stars are fire; the Râhu star (Luuq-a odun) and the Wood stars are air.

168
I.e., the element of Friday and Saturday is earth.

637
TRANSLATION

Also, these seven nakshatra, Rokini, Èista, Anurad, Ardar, Udarisad, Tanista, and

Abiji, have the essence of earth. These seven nakshatra, Sadabis, Udaribadaribad, Rivadi,

Burvasad, Mul, Asli(, and Širvan, have the essence of water. These seven nakshatra, Kerteg,

Barani, Suša(, Burvabadaribad, Bus, Mig, and Burvabalguni, have the essence of fire. And

these seven nakshatra, Ašivani, Burnavasu, Suvadi, Margišar, Udaribalguni, Qasta, and

Jayitari, have the essence of air. One should understand the good and bad conjunctions of

these gara( and nakshatra.

If two earths coincide, it is an occasion for accomplishing magic, and by means of an

occasion for accomplishing magic, one's desires will be fulfilled. It is good for founding an

object to rely upon, building a town or city, erecting a temple or monastery, buying farm land,

for a ruler to succeed in his deeds, to hold power, and so forth, for pacifying or immutable

deeds.

If two waters coincide, it is a rasiyan occasion and by means of an occasion for a

rasiyan, life and age will flourish. If one gathers medicines [it is good]; It is good for taking

a bride, the ceremonial rites for reciting the Aparimitâyurhyânasûtra (Ayuši-yin nom),

conjuring life, or causing life to flourish, or for the rites to make life long.

If two fires coincide, it is an occasion for spreading, and by means of an occasion for

spreading, possessions and food will be found. It is good for deeds of business, scattering

seeds, giving alms, accomplishing the tantric mastery (erke) of possessions, giving a water

sacrifice, offering sacrifice to the god of possessions, or asking for the dignity of a saintly

person (qutu().

638
TRANSLATION

If two airs coincide, it is the occasion for giving a blessing, and by means of giving

a blessing, one's intentions will be fulfilled. It is good for deeds of making agreement,

deriving profit, match-making, and, moreover, deeds of high accomplishment.

[46r] If water and earth coincide, it is the occasion of a permanent state, and by means

of permanence, one will be continuously happy. It is good for acts such as wearing a robe,

wearing an ornament, enjoying a festival, holding a joyful feast or showing respect.

If fire and air coincide, it is a very powerful occasion and by means of a powerful

perfect occasion, one becomes fortunate. It is good for performing rites of life and protection,

offering sacrifice to a burqan or god, and acts for the mastery of spreading peacefulness.

If earth and air coincide, it is an occasion without coincidence, and by means of non-

coincidence, possessions and food will be used up. It is good for going to steal [from] a mill,

and acts of robbery, or an act of giving an animal.

If water and air coincide, it is an occasion for non-agreement, and by means of an

occasion for non-agreement, one's descendants and relations separate. It is good for acts of

backbiting.

If fire and earth coincide, it is an occasion for burning, and by means of an occasion

for burning, suffering is caused to be born. It is good for acts of setting off on a campaign,

crushing an enemy, or causing others to be denigrated.

If water and fire coincide, it is an occasion for death, and by means of an occasion for

death, one ends life and aging. It is good for acts of chastising others, making a curse, or

mixing poison. In this way one distinguishes good and bad [auspices] for three kinds of acts,

639
TRANSLATION

three good, three fair, and three final, together with one end one. Thus, one should understand

these occasions well. If each one of the stars and nakshatra is good, it happens by means of

the occasion of consequence (aèi ür-e). Thus, one distinguishes a good nakshatra by means

of the star. One distinguishes a good star by means of the day.

Another item, let me write to distinguish the good and bad coincidences according to

the conjunction of star and year. If a Rat or Ox coincide with these four stars: Sun, Moon,

Fire, and Earth, then there will be danger of an enemy. If they coincide with the Water or

Gold stars, results will be accomplished. [46v] If they coincide with the Wood star, the

dharma and good fortune will flourish. If any star coincides with these days: Tiger, Horse,

Dog, or Pig, it is good. If the Hare day coincides with the Wood star, goods and belongings

will increase. It is good. If it coincides with the Water star, one will find a wife. If it

coincides with the Sun star, descendants and relations will separate. If it coincides with the

Moon star, one's intentions will be accomplished. If it coincides with the earth star, one's

possessions will be used up. If it coincides with the Fire star, there will be strife. If it

coincides with the Gold star, one will find land for farming. If it coincides with either the

water star or the Wood star, one will find possessions and chattels. If a Sheep or Monkey day

[coincides with] a Water or Wood star, it is good. If they coincide with a Gold star, one will

become a king or noble. If it coincides with any other star, it is bad. If a Cock day coincides

with a sun, fire, water, or gold star, it is good. As for the others, it is bad. As for these, they

are according to the good and bad coincidences of year and star.

640
TRANSLATION

Another item, as for understanding the good and bad distinctions [resulting from] the

conjunction of the nakshatra with the twelve years, they are thus: If Margišar or Ardar

coincide with a Sheep day, it is bad. If Udaribalguni or Qasta coincide with a Dog day, it is

bad. If Burvasad or Udarisad coincide with an Ox day, it is bad. If Burvabadaribad or

Udaribadaribad coincide with a Dragon day, it is bad. On these days, if one inscribes the

dharma, creates a likeness of burqan, makes a consecration, sets out for a remote place, places

the felt covering (degelbür) on the upper part of the tent, hangs a door, holds a feast, brings

a girl or bride into one's household, builds a hall or enclosure (asar küriy-e baribasu), gives

an inheritance to a son or receives [an inheritance], sets out on an outward journey, discards

seed for a crop or receives [it], erects a threshold, convenes, files a lawsuit, gives a name to

a son, repairs a passageway (qabèi(ai jasabasu), receives a consecration, gathers medicines,

tailors a robe, builds a house, pacifies a corpse, ferments liquor, beckons the majesty of an

animal, plants a crop, or plans any kind of act, it is bad. Their symbol is three black drops.

This [ ] .

As for the day Mahâkâla descends, it is on the fifteenth day of Qubi sara; the fourth

day of the Second month; [47r] the twelfth day of the Third month; the fourteenth day of the

Fifth month; the twenty-fifth day of the Sixth month; the first day of the Seventh month; the

twenty-seventh day of the Eighth month. The seventh day of the Ninth month; the fourth day

of the Tenth month; the twenty-ninth day of the Eleventh month; and the fifteenth day of the

Twelfth month. On these days if one makes a Mahâkâla and magical substances (i.e., torma

"dough figure" and dongli "thread cross"), it is good. Their symbol is a razor, [].

641
TRANSLATION

As for a day the Goddess (Lhamo) descends, it is on the first day of Qubi sara; the

eleventh day of the Second month; the twenty-first day of the Third month; the thirteenth day

of the Fourth month; the fifteenth day of the Fifth month; the twenty-third day of the Sixth

month; the nineteenth day of the Seventh month; the fifteenth day of the Eighth month; the

twenty-first day of the Ninth month; the eleventh day of the Tenth month; the twenty-ninth

day of the Eleventh month; and the fifteenth day of the Twelfth month. On these days if one

sets out magical substances, it is good. Their symbol is a skull cup.

This, [ ].

Another item, as to the glorious days of the twelve months, they are the eighth day of

Qubi sara; the eighth day of the Second month; the ninth day of the Third month; the third

day of the Fourth month; the twenty-third day of the Fifth month; the nineteenth day of the

Sixth month; the third day of the Seventh month; the seventeenth day of the Eighth month;

the twenty-first day of the Ninth month; the twentieth day of the Tenth month; the first day

of the Eleventh month; and the ninth day of the Twelfth month. On these days it is good for

any kind of act. Their symbol is a pitcher. This, [ ].

Another item, as to knowing the bad day which was told of by the sages [such as]

Yang Gungyi,169 it is on the thirteenth day of Qubi sara; the eleventh day of the Second

month; the ninth day of the Third month; the seventh day of the Fourth month; the fifth day

of the Fifth month; the third day of the Sixth month; [47v] the first and twenty-ninth days of

169
Mostaert identifies Yang Gungyi in H. A. Giles, A Chinese Biographical
Dictionary, 1898, p. 909, as Iang Koung i, a celebrated astronomer (1225-1294 [MMAD 34,
n. 91]).

642
TRANSLATION

the Seventh month; the twenty-seventh day of the Eighth month; the twenty-fifth day of the

Ninth month; the twenty-third day of the Tenth month; the twenty-first day of the Eleventh

month; and the nineteenth day of the Twelfth month. On these days, if one plans and

performs any kind of act, calamity and misfortune will be great. If one acts to create, repair,

or cover a house, it will burn in a fire or a thief will enter. If one promises a daughter and

brings a bride into one's household, holds a wedding feast, re-used possessions and chattels

will satisfy one hundred lives.170 During these few days, if a son is born, he will live in

suffering and lament his troubles saying, "woe is me." On these days, if one takes out bones,

after one has passed away (ergin qoèora(san), one's descendants will become beggars. If one

meets with these circumstances: ascending to the noble class, going to a distant place, or

filing a lawsuit, one will not separate from suffering and, in spite of every effort, will not

return from [a state of] constant suffering. If those who know and understand this cause

[knowledge of it] to be spread among all living beings, later, the offspring of their offspring,

having become rich, will become very blessed (erüger [= irüger]). Their symbol is a red letter

'A, [ ].

Another item, as to the day of any particular month on which one should not make

plans, it is on the Snake day of Qubi sara; the Cock day of the Second month; the Ox day of

the Third month; the Monkey day of the Fourth month; the Rat day of the Fifth month; the

Dragon day of the Sixth month; the Pig day of the Seventh month; the Hare day of the Eighth

month; the Sheep day of the Ninth month; the Tiger day of the Tenth month; the Horse day

170
I.e., there will be great scarcity.

643
TRANSLATION

of the Eleventh month; and the Dog day of the Twelfth month. On these days, if one enters

a new house, the master of the house will be separated [from his home]. If one looks for

wood on a mountain, it will not be found. If one looks for fish in the water, they will not be

found. If one builds a temple, the clergy will not be established there. If one sets out on a

boat, it will turn over. If one sets out on a journey to a distant land, one will meet with a

pillaging thief. If one builds a bridge, it will not hold firm. If one plants a crop or tree, it will

wither. If one receives a title from a king, one's life will be short. [48r] If one journeys far,

one will not return home. If one builds a corral, the animals will diminish. If one hangs a

new door, [no one] will enter. If one offers sacrifice to a Buddha, the gods, or tutelary deities

(ong(od), it will be the same as dirt. If one acts avoiding these things, good fortune will

reside.

Another item, as for the Modun (okimui day of the twelve months, it is on the Dragon

day of Qubi sara; the Ox day of the Second month; the Dog day of the Third month; the

Sheep day of the Fourth month; the Hare day of the Fifth month; the Rat day of the Sixth

month; the Cock day of the Seventh month; the Horse day of the Eighth month; the Tiger day

of the Ninth month; the Pig day of the Tenth month; the Monkey day of the Eleventh month;

and the Snake day of the Twelfth month. On these days it is bad for various kinds of acts of

scattering seed, opening a treasury, and so on.

Also, as for the bad day known as the Red Magpie (Ula(an ša¯a(ai), it is on the

Snake day of the first four months; the Cock day of the four middle months; and on the Ox

day of the four final months. On these days do not perform any kind of act. It is bad.

644
TRANSLATION

Another item, let me write in order to distinguish the good and bad coincidences

according to the conjunction of the year and month. [They are] the Dog day of Qubi sara; the

Pig day of the Second month; the Rat day of the Third month; the Ox day of the Fourth

month; the Tiger day of the Fifth month; the Hare day of the Sixth month; the Dragon day of

the Seventh month; the Snake day of the Eighth month; the Horse day of the Ninth month; the

Sheep day of the Tenth month; the Monkey day of the Eleventh month; and the Cock day of

the Twelfth month. These days are days for the gods to grieve. Do not offer sacrifice to a

burqan or god. It is bad.

Also, on the Pig day of Qubi sara; the Dog day of the Second month; the Cock day

of the Third month; the Monkey day of the Fourth month; the Sheep day of the Fifth month;

the Horse day of the Sixth month; the Snake day of the Seventh month; the Dragon day of the

Eighth month; the Hare day of the Ninth month; the Tiger day of the Tenth month; the Ox day

of the Eleventh month; and the Rat day of the Twelfth month. [48v] These days are days for

èidköd demons to grieve. Do not perform good acts. If one suppresses the demons of a

corpse (ükügür-ün èidköd), it is good.

Also, as for a good day to set out on a journey, Margišar, Burnavasu, Bus, Qasta,

Anurad, Mul, Udarisad, Abiji, Širvan, Tanista, Burvabadaribad, Udaribadaribad, or Ašivani

are good. These days: water, wood, or gold, are good. The moon star is fair. The fire and

earth stars are bad for everyone but soldiers. The cheng (accomplisher) and zhi (protector)

days are good. The bi (closer) and po (destroyer) days are bad. The Dog day is good.

645
TRANSLATION

Also, the Horse and Sheep days of the four initial months are bad. The Tiger and

Snake days of the four middle months are bad. And the Rat and Ox days of the four final

months are bad. The Snake day is generally bad. One should consult the three tables.

Also, as for a day to mount a military campaign, the Tiger and Dog days are good.

The Ox and Sheep days are bad. Fire, gold, earth, these stars are good. The moon star is bad.

Ardar, Udaribalguni, or Ašivani are good. Burnavasu, Asli(, or Anurad are bad. Every

fourth one is bad.

Also, as for a good day to do battle with an enemy, a Tiger or Dragon day is good.

Margišar, Ardar, Mig, Burvabalguni, Anurad, Èista, Mul, Burvasad, and Udaribadaribad,

these are good.

As for the empty domicile (ger-ün qo(osun), [it is on] the Snake day of the First

month; 2nd, Rat; 3rd, Sheep; 4th, Tiger; 5th, Cock; 6th, Dragon; 7th, Pig; 8th, Horse; 9th, Ox;

10th, Monkey; 11th, Hare; 12th, Dog.

[49r]

This is the Table For Setting Out on a Journey

During the First Four Months

If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a

journey on the internal journey on the journey on the golden journey on the bliss of journey on the hair of journey on the filled

palace, it is good. collection of treasure palace it is good. the dragon it is good. the ox it is bad. treasury it is good.

it is bad.

First Second Ninth Fourth Fifth Sixth

Seventh Eighth Fifteenth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth

Thirteenth Fourteenth Twenty-first Sixteenth Seventeenth Eighteenth

Nineteenth Twentieth Third Twenty-second Twenty-third Twenty-fourth

646
TRANSLATION

Twenty-fifth Twenty-sixth Twenty-seventh Twenty-eighth Twenty-ninth Thirtieth

This is the Table for Setting Out on a Journey

During the Four Middle Months

If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a

journey on the day journey on the gate of journey on the journey on the jewel journey on the thief of journey on the palace

known as the path of heaven it is good. enclosure of heaven it of heaven it is good. heaven it is bad. of heaven it is good.

heaven it is good. is bad.

First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth

Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth Fourteenth

Seventeenth Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-first Twenty-second

Twenty-fifth Twenty-sixth Twenty-seventh Twenty-eighth Twenty-ninth Thirtieth

If one sets out on a If one sets out on a

journey on the danger journey on the

of heaven it is bad. treasury of heaven it is

good.

Seventh Eighth

Fifteenth Sixteenth

Twenty-third Twenty-fourth

This is the Table for Setting Out on a Journey

During the Four Final Months

If one sets out If one sets out If one sets out If one sets out If one sets out If one sets out If one sets out If one sets out

on a journey on on a journey on on a journey on on a journey on on a journey on on a journey on on a journey on on a journey on

the red magpie the head of the the back of the the leg of the the black-boned the head of the the back of the the leg of the

it is bad. white tiger it is white tiger it is white tiger it is turtle it is bad. blue dragon it blue dragon it blue dragon it

good. good. bad. is good. is good. is bad.

First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth

647
TRANSLATION

Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth Fourteenth Fifteenth Sixteenth

Seventeenth Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-first Twenty-second Twenty-third Twenty-fourth

Twenty-fifth Twenty-sixth Twenty-seventh Twenty-eighth Twenty-ninth Thirtieth

[49v]

See This Table of the Heavens for the Day

To Set Out on a Journey During Any Month

On the First, Ninth, Seventeenth, and Twenty-fifth, the Gate of Heaven is good.
On the Second, Tenth, Eighteenth, and Twenty-sixth, the Dog's Snout is bad.
On the Third, Eleventh, Nineteenth, and Twenty-seventy, the Shadow of Heaven is good.
On the Fourth, Twelfth, Twentieth, and Twenty-eighth, the Nose of the Dog is good.
On the Fifth, Thirteenth, Twenty-first, and Twenty-ninth, the Dog's Head is good.
On the Sixth, Fourteenth, Twenty-second, and Thirtieth, the Dog's Back is bad.
On the Seventh, Fifteenth, and Twenty-third, the Treasury of Heaven is good.
On the Eighth, Sixteenth, and twenty-fourth, the Throat of Heaven is bad.

This is the Table For Knowing the Good and Bad Auspices

Of the Days to Set Out on a Journey During Any Month

As it was Preached by the Master, Nagarjuna.

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TRANSLATION

If one sets If one sets If one sets If one sets If one sets If one sets
out on a out on a out on a out on a out on a out on a
journey on journey on journey on journey on journey on journey on
the day the day the day the day the day the day
known as known as known as known as known as known as the
dayang it is èuèa( it is vimading it is süng it is süèing it is Dada King it
bad. good. good. good. fair. is bad.
First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth
Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth
Thirteenth Fourteenth Fifteenth Sixteenth Seventeenth Eighteenth
Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-first Twenty- Twenty-third Twenty-
second fourth
Twenty-fifth Twenty-sixth Twenty- Twenty- Twenty-ninth Thirtieth
seventh eighth

The Days For Setting Out on a Journey of the Five Dakinis

Are Seen in This Table

Vajradâkinî Ratnadâkinî Padmadâkinî Karmadâkinî Buddhadâkinî

If one goes accomplish a accomplish a meet with a empty hand encounter an
east desire desire gain enemy
If one goes accomplish find meet with an find a gain meet with a
south acts nourishment enemy desire
If one goes encounter an find a gain accomplish accomplish return empty
west enemy an affair one's own
desire
If one goes accomplish encounter an no harm, fair find a gain no harm, fair
north an act enemy
If one goes in find a gain no harm, fair accomplish encounter an accomplish
the four one's own enemy profit
ordinal desire
directions

649
TRANSLATION

[50r]

This is the Table to See the Good and Bad Directions

For Setting Out on a Journey During the Twelve Days

Note these separately If one goes east If one goes south If one goes west If one goes north

Rat day very bad a possession is found, joyful very good extremely bad

Ox day become joyful become fortunate see goodness become wounded

Tiger day a possession is found, good find a possession good bad

Hare day good good bad bad

Dragon day good good good bad

Snake day find a possession enter a lawsuit moderately good have a quarrel

Horse day good good the body dies the body dies

Sheep day good good bad meet with food and drink

Monkey day good good bad for all bad for all

Cock day good enter a quarrel meet with wine and food find a possession

Dog day good possessions are used up bad good

Pig day bad good moderately good Do not go. It is bad.

The Table to See the Good Directions For Setting Out

On a Journey During the Twelve Hours

See each of these if one goes east if one goes south if one goes west if one goes north

Rat hour find a possession accomplish acts meet with food and feasting encounter a thief

Ox worry become fortunate meet with possessions and meet with food and drink

chattels

Tiger any kind of act will succeed find a possession meet with illness become joyful

Hare there will be profit become joyful meet with illness and ada meet with death and ada

[demons] [demons]

Dragon become joyful meet with food and drink meet with illness and ada find chattels and possession

in abundance

650
TRANSLATION

Snake meet with fetters and become joyful meet with death and ada find possessions and

constraints chattels in abundance

Horse accomplish meritorious acts delivered unto ada meet with possessions and find possessions and

[demons] chattels chattels in abundance

Sheep meet with illness become happy there will be profit extremely good

Monkey there will be profit all kinds of acts will become joyful there will be good luck or

succeed regret

Cock there will be an argument meet with food become joyful a blessing

Dog find possessions and meet with ada [demons] find possessions and moderately good

chattels animals

Pig there will be profit find chattels find possessions and encounter a thief in the

chattels interval

The 13th of the 1st month is a cintâmani. The 11th of the 2nd month is a cintâmani.

The 13th of the 3rd month is a cintâmani. The 11th of the 4th month is a cintâmani. The 3rd

of the 5th month is a cintâmani. The 1st of the 6th month is a cintâmani. The 7th of the 7th

month is a cintâmani. The 27th of the 8th month is a cintâmani. The 22nd of the 9th month

is a cintâmani. The 2nd of the 10th month is a cintâmani. The 17th of the 11th month is a

cintâmani. The fifteenth of the 12th month is a cintâmani.

[50v]

Table to See the Good and Bad Auspices of the

Twelve Days and Hours

See these twelve names If one sets out on a journey If one sets out on a journey If one sets out on a journey [If one sets out on a journey

inividually on these days it is bad. on these days it is bad. during these hours it is bad. during these hours it is

bad.]

First month's Hare day Seventh Horse Dog

Second month's Rat day Second Dragon Dog

Third month's Cock day Sixth Horse Cock

Fourth month's Horse day Sixth Horse Monkey

651
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Fifth month's Hare day Sixth Ox Hare

Sixth month's Rat day Twentieth Monkey Rat

Seventh month's Cock day Sixth Dog Cock

Eighth month's Horse day Tenth Hare Dragon

Ninth month's Hare day Twentieth Hare Cock

Tenth month's Rat day Third Monkey Hare

Eleventh month's Cock day Fifth Rat Dragon

Twelfth month's Horse day Fifth Horse Rat

Table to See the Good and Bad Directions

For Setting Off on a Journey During the Seven Graha Stars

See these stars If one goes east If one goes south If one goes west If one goes north If one goes in the four

separately ordinal directions

Sun Accomplish a desire There will be Meet with fighting Now is bad for live Comeback empty

repentance

Moon There will be Find food Here a good word Moderately good Encounter an enemy

repentance

Fire Accomplish acts Become lucky Find a gain Encounter an enemy Comeback empty

Water Become lucky Find a gain Accomplish a desire There will be a quarrel Encounter an enemy

Wood There will be a quarrel An animal will An enemy will appear Accomplish a desire Find a gain

wander off

Gold Accomplish acts Encounter an Enemy There will be an Lose a possession or Accomplish a desire

argument animal

Earth Encounter an enemy Accomplish a desire Lose a possession or Find a gain There will be a quarrel

animal

As for a treatment during a black month, tie nine kinds of wood, the great black tail

of a bull, a bow, a white qada(, as well as things made from vermillion, sugar, soldering

metal and so forth to the pole of a standard, and having driven it into the ground, make a burnt

652
TRANSLATION

smell (kengsigül) of white butter and bull’s lard, and then stick [the standard] into the ground

in the contrary Monkey direction of the Tiger year on the seventh day of Qubi sara. In this

manner, given any day, stick it [in the ground] in that month's contrary direction. It will be

good.

[51r] As for a good star to bring a bride into one's household, these are good: Rokini,

Margišar, Bus, Burvabalguni, Suvadi, Mul, Udarisad, Abiji, Burvabadaribad,

Udaribadaribad, and Ašivani. The Moon, Water, Wood, and Gold stars are good. The Ox,

Sheep, and Monkey days are good.

One item, here is the table to know the month in which to marry off a daughter. One

should understand this and rectify it well.

year month month month month month month hour hour

Rat Rat Ox Tiger Hare Dragon Snake Rat hour Dragon hour

Horse Sheep Monkey Cock Dog Pig

Ox Ox Rat Snake Dragon Hare Tiger Ox hour Monkey hour

Sheep Horse Pig Dog Cock Monkey

Tiger Tiger Hare Dragon Snake Horse Sheep Tiger hour Dragon hour

Monkey Cock Dog Pig Rat Ox

Hare Hare Tiger Ox Rat Snake Dragon One's own Hare hour

Cock Monkey Sheep Horse Pig Dog hour

Dragon Dragon Snake Horse Ox Tiger Cock Cock hour Dragon hour

Dog Pig Rat Sheep Monkey Hare

Snake Snake Dragon Hare Tiger Ox Rat Ox hour Snake hour

Pig Dog Cock Monkey Sheep Horse

Horse Horse Sheep Tiger Hare Dragon Pig Dog hour Horse hour

Rat Ox Monkey Cock Dog Snake

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TRANSLATION

Sheep Ox Rat Snake Dragon Hare Tiger Hare hour Sheep hour

Sheep Horse Pig Dog Cock Monkey

Monkey Tiger Hare Dragon Snake Rat Ox Rat hour Monkey hour

Monkey Cock Dog Pig Horse Sheep

Cock Hare Tiger Ox Horse Snake Dragon Ox hour Cock hour

Cock Monkey Sheep Rat Rat Dog

Dog Dragon Snake Horse Ox Tiger Cock Tiger hour Monkey hour

Dog Pig Rat Sheep Monkey Hare

Pig Snake Dragon Hare Tiger Ox Rat Hare hour Tiger hour

Pig Dog Cock Monkey Sheep Horse

These are the In these In these In these In these In these In these In these In these

years of the months it is months it is months it is months it is months it is months it is hours brush hours one

girl. They bad for the even and bad for the bad for the bad for the bad for the the hair. should send

should be girl's body. good. go-between. father and fatherand man. her off.

rectified and mother. monther-in-

understood law.

[51v]

If it is a great month count clockwise from son-in-law. If it is a small month count

counterclockwise from foundation. Hearth, foundation, place of residence, and door are good.

If it is a great month count clockwise from hearth. If it is a small month count

counterclockwise from place of residence. These are good: hearth, home, place of residence,

and path.

654
TRANSLATION

If it is a great month count clockwise from son-in-law. If it is a small month count

counterclockwise from daughter. These are good: place of residence, home, hearth, and

younger sibling.

In these three tables, if it is in red, it is good. If it is in black, it is bad. Even if it concerns the

life of the father, mother, or younger sibling, it is still bad for them [if it is black]. If it

concerns the life of the girl there will be no harm. Generally do not take a bride on the third

or seventh.

If the month is great, count clockwise from man. If the month is small, count

counterclockwise from woman.

[52r]

Here are the Conjunctions of Stars and Nakshatra

For Not-Taking a Bride

See this and rectify these stars and These [indicate] the bride who does These [indicate] the bride who These [indicate] the bride who

nakshatra not suit separates brings danger

Sun star Burvabalguni Tanista Ardar

Moon star Anurad Udaribadaribad Tanista

Fire star Anurad Ašivani Barani

Water star Mul Barani Suša(

Wood star Tanista Ardar Rokini

Gold star Rokini Mig Bus

Earth star Burvasad Jayitari Rokini

655
TRANSLATION

This is the Table to See When to Take a Bride

According to the Nature of the Years

If one is under the These indicate a These indicate a fair These indicate a poor These indicate a bride These indicate a bride

influence of the years superior bride. bride. A daughter will [see the earlier use of who will die. It is who will separate. It

with these Descendants and be born. ecus as poor] bride. bad. is bad.

characteristics, see animals will flourish. Descendants will be

this and distinguish It is good. few

the sixty items

Yi Bing Jia Yi Ren Gui Wu Ji Geng Xin

Ding

Ding Wu Ji Bing Ding Jia Yi Geng Xin Ren Gui

Ji Geng Xin Wu Ji Bing Ding Ren Gui Jia Yi

Xin Ren Ji Geng Xin Wu Ji Jia Yi Bing Ding

Gui Jia Yi Ren Gui Geng Xin Bing Ding Wu Ji

Another item, as for the direction in which the bride should be made to descend, she

should descend in the man's female [yin] direction. [He] should wear a robe with the bride's

element and characteristic. She should descend on a benevolent day, the first day of a worthy

month. She is to descend in the first hour of the man's year.

As to a bride's four šimnus demons, it is necessary to try to consult these, the Empress

Dayiwang, Šitügen eke, the trigram Li, and the dog of heaven.

[52v] This is the table of the Dog of Heaven. If the month is great count clockwise

from neck. If the month is small count counterclockwise. On the neck it is moderately good.

On the eyes descendants and relations having greatly flourished one will be abundantly happy.

656
TRANSLATION

On the mouth, having been no descendants, there will be quarreling. On the throat it is bad

for the mother-in-law. On the heart one will be extremely happy. On the genitals there will

be no descendants. On the Achilles tendon there will be obstacles for one's own daughter.

One the tail sons will be many. On the navel one will be continuously and agreeably happy.

On the hip it will be agreeable. On the back descendants will be cut off. On the scapula it

will be extremely good.

In a masculine month count clockwise from mouth. In a feminine month count

counterclockwise from tail. On the mouth one will meet with a quarrel. On the jaw it is

moderately good. The breast is good. On the thigh is extremely good. On the belly sons will

be many. On the leg it is bad. On the tail daughters will be many. On the back descendants

will be cut off. On the nape of the neck it is mediocre (meküs dumda). On the ears the ears

and head are not perfect. On the nose one will encounter a black journey. On the eyes two

beautiful sons who are like the eyes will be born.

These are The head The one The year The one The one The one The one The one The
the years of the who of the who who who who who has appelage
of the one who leads the one who supports kindles washes brings [her] eat of the
girl. delivers bride meets the trivet the fire the face [the food horse
They [the [the bride] [she]
should bride] bride] into the rides
be home
rectified.

Rat Dragon Monkey Ox Ox Monkey Horse Monkey Dragon White

Ox Snake Cock Rat Tiger Snake Sheep Cock Snake Light

Bay

Tiger Horse Dog Hare Hare Tiger Monkey Dog Horse Blue

657
TRANSLATION

Hare Sheep Pig Tiger Dragon Pig Cock Pig Sheep Gray

Dragon Monkey Rat Snake Snake Monkey Dog Rat Monkey Chestnut

Snake Cock Ox Dragon Horse Snake Pig Ox Cock Blaze

Horse Dog Tiger Sheep Sheep Tiger Rat Tiger Dog Dark
brown

Sheep Pig Hare Horse Monkey Pig Ox Hare Pig White

Monkey Rat Dragon Cock Cock Monkey Tiger Dragon Rat Bay with
white
breast
and
white
muzzle
[variegat
ed]

Cock Ox Snake Monkey Dog Snake Hare Snake Ox Fallow

Dog Tiger Horse Pig Pig Tiger Dragon Horse Tiger Tawny
[With a
black tail
and
mane]

Pig Hare Sheep Dog Rat Pig Snake Sheep Hare White

[53r] Also, as for a good day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off a

daughter, the third, fifth, sixth, eighth, eleventh, thirteenth, fourteenth, sixteenth, nineteenth,

twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-fourth, twenty-ninth, and thirtieth days of a great month

are good. The second, third, fifth, eighth, tenth, eleventh, thirteenth, sixteenth, eighteenth, and

nineteenth days of a small month are good. The twenty-first, twenty-fourth, twenty-sixth, and

twenty-ninth are good. On the seventh or ninth days of either month it is bad. The malevolent

black day, and the days the ginggang and šingpüng run are bad. The Horse and Monkey days

are good. The Snake, Dog, and Pig days are bad. These stars are extremely good: Moon,

Water and Gold. The Wood star is fair. These stars are bad: Sun, Fire, and Earth. Rokini,

658
TRANSLATION

Mig, Udaribalguni, Mul, Sadabis, Udaribadaribad, and Suvadi are generally good. These are

good for bringing the bride into the household: Margišar, Burnavasu, Bus, Èista, Udarisad,

and Suša(. Do not give away a daughter. These are bad: Kerteg, Anurad, Qasta, Ardar,

Burvasad, Tanista, and Barani.

Also, in order to take a wife, the age of the husband should be known. If someone

with the Rat year171 takes a wife with these ages: fifteen, twenty-seven, and thirty, it is bad.

If someone with the Ox year takes a fifteen, twenty-eight, or twenty-nine year old, it is bad.

If someone with the Tiger year takes a twenty-two year old, it is bad. If someone with the

Hare year takes an eighteen or twenty-three year old it is bad. If someone with the Dragon

year takes a thirteen or twenty-nine year old it is bad. If someone with the Snake year takes

a twenty-one year old it is bad. If someone with a Sheep year takes an eighteen or twenty-two

year old, it is bad. If someone with a Monkey year takes a nineteen or twenty-two year old,

it is bad. If someone with a Cock year takes a twenty-two or twenty-eight year old, it is bad.

If someone with a Dog year takes an eleven, twenty, or twenty-eight year old, it is bad. If

someone with a Pig year takes a twelve or thirty year old, it is bad. If one takes a bride with

these ages, she will separate or die.

Also, as for the bad day which is bad for trigrams, when one should not go in the

direction of the Empress Dayiwang, Queen Qangpan, the Reliance Mother (Šitügen eke),

Šabšu, nor give anything in the direction of the mouth of the dog of heaven, [53v] when one

should not give an inheritance to a son, nor a dowry to a daughter, the Hare day of the Tiger,

171
I.e., someone born in the Rat year.

659
TRANSLATION

Horse, and Dog months, the Cock day of the Rat, Dragon, and Monkey months, the Rat day

of the Hare, Sheep, and Pig months, and the Horse day of the Ox, Snake, and Cock months

is bad. Also, the Dragon and Snake hours of the Tiger and Monkey months are bad. The

Snake and Pig hours of the Hare and Cock month are bad. The Rat and Horse hours of the

Dragon and Dog months are bad. The Ox and Sheep hours of the Snake and Pig months are

bad. The Tiger and Monkey hours of the Rat and Horse months are bad. And the Hare and

Cock hours of the Ox and Sheep months are bad.

Also, as for a day when a concubine should not be cared for nor allowed into one’s

home,172 it is the Dragon and Dog day of the Tiger month; the Snake and Pig day of the Hare

month; the Rat and Horse day of the Dragon month; the Ox and Sheep day of the Snake

month; the Tiger and Monkey day of the Horse month; the Hare and Cock day of the Sheep

month; the Dragon and Dog day of the Monkey month; the Snake and Pig day of the Cock

month; the Rat and Horse day of the Dog month; the Ox and Sheep day of the Pig month; the

Tiger and Monkey day of the Rat month; and the Hare and Cock day of the Ox month. On

these days, if a concubine is attended to or taken in, it is bad for the master [of the house]. If

one brings [a concubine] into a dispassionate household, nine out of ten people will die. It

is an extremely bad day.

As for the direction the bride should face when she dismounts [her horse], if a girl

with a Rat, Ox, or Pig year faces north when she dismounts, it is good. If a girl with a Tiger,

172
Mostaert states that šin-e asaraqu kümün is a euphemism for a concubine (MMAD
46, n. 106 ).

660
TRANSLATION

Hare or Dragon year faces east when she dismounts, it is good. If a girl with a Monkey, Cock

or Dog year faces west when she dismounts, it is good. If a girl with a Snake, Horse or Sheep

year faces south when she dismounts, it is good.

As for the hour to have a bride to prostrate herself before the fire, if one has a girl with

a Rat or Horse year prostrate herself before the fire in the Pig hour, it is good. Have a girl

with an Ox or Sheep year prostrate herself before the fire in the Cock hour. [54r] Have a girl

with a Tiger or Monkey year prostrate herself before the fire in the Pig hour. Have a girl with

a Hare or Cock year prostrate herself before the fire in the Dog hour. Have a girl with a

Dragon or Dog year prostrate herself before a fire in the Hare hour. And if one has a girl with

a Snake or Pig year prostrate herself before the fire in the Monkey hour, it is good.

As to a day for a girl to set out on a journey, if a girl with a Rat or Horse year sets out

on a journey to the northeast on the first, thirteenth, or sixteenth, it is good. The nineteenth

or twenty-second is good for a girl with an Ox or Sheep year. Do not look [at her] from

behind [as she rides away]. On the ninth, twenty-first, or twenty-second the northwest is good

for a girl with a Tiger or Monkey year. The fifth or eighteenth is good for a girl with a Hare

or Cock year. The thirteenth or twenty-first is good for a girl with a Dragon or Dog year. And

if a girl with a Snake or Pig year sets out on a journey to the south, on the first, sixteenth, or

twenty-fifth, it is good.

As to a direction in which a bride should set out on her journey, the fortunate way for

a girl with the Snake or Horse year is to the east. The sorrowful way is to the north. The

fortunate way for a girl with a Monkey or Cock year is to the four intermediate directions, of

661
TRANSLATION

which the element is metal. The fortunate way for one with a Tiger or Hare year is to the

north, of which the element is wood. The sorrowful way is to the west. The fortunate way

for one with an Ox, Dragon, Sheep, or Dog year is to the south. The sorrowful way is to the

east. The fortunate way for one with a Rat or Pig year is to the west, of which the element is

water. The sorrowful way is to the four intermediate directions. If one takes a bride who

comes under the li trigram, she is a bride who holds a sickle in her hand. It is bad. It is

especially bad for the bride with a Snake or Horse year. The bride who comes under kun is

a bride who holds everything good and fortunate. She is good. The bride who comes under

dui is a bride who holds a human skeleton. She is moderately good. The bride who comes

under gen is a bride who carries a sack on her back. She is bad for everything. The bride who

comes under kan is one who holds the hearth (odèu() in her hands. She is good for

everything. The bride who comes under qian is a bride who holds a Chinese sickle on her

forehead. She is a mirror to all things. [54v] The one who comes under zhen is a bride who

pulls the leg with a hook. She is very good. The bride who comes under sun is one who holds

a braid casing in her hand. If one has her clean the house and cart holding a braid casing in

her hand, it is good. One needs to try to understand the gara(, star, year, month, day and hour

in which the making of a treatment suits or does not suit, in which protection (ibegel) is given

or received.

As to knowing the protection under which a husband and wife are united, protection

is good and will be favorable for those with either Rat, Dragon or Monkey years. It will be

favorable for those with either Ox, Snake, or Cock years. It will be favorable for those with

662
TRANSLATION

either Tiger, Horse, or Dog years. It will be favorable for those with either Hare, Sheep or Pig

years. If [a couple] with these years become husband and wife, their relatives by marriage

will be numerous, and then, moreover, a pure good son will be born [to them].

If two people with Rat years become husband and wife, sons will be many. It is good.

For two Ox years, relatives by marriage will be scarce and rich. It is good. For two Tiger

years relatives by marriage will be few and rich. It is good. For two Hare years sons will be

many and rich. It is good. For two Dragon years relatives by marriage will be few and poor.

For two Snake years sons will be many and rich. It is good. For two Horse years sons will

be many and rich. It is good. For two Sheep years relatives by marriage will be numerous and

rich. It is good. For two Monkey years sons will be numerous and rich. It is good. For two

Cock years sons and relatives by marriage will be scarce and moreover they will be

quarrelsome. It is bad. For two Dog years sons will be few and they will be quarrelsome. it

is bad. For two Pig years sons will be many and rich. It is good.

Also, do not give a daughter with a Rat year to one with a Hare year. Do not give a

daughter with an Ox year to one with a Dragon year. Do not give a daughter with a Tiger year

to one with a Snake year. Do not give a daughter with a Hare year to one with a Horse year.

Do not give a daughter with a Dragon year to one with a Sheep year. Do not give a daughter

with a Snake year to one with a Monkey year. Do not give a daughter with a Horse year to

one with a Cock year. Do not give a daughter with a Sheep year to one with a Dog year. Do

not give a daughter with a Monkey year to one with a Pig year. Do not give a daughter with

a Cock year to one with a Rat year. Do not give someone with a Dog year to one with an Ox

663
TRANSLATION

year. Do not give someone with a Pig year to one with a Tiger year. [55r] Another

item, the black dog of heaven, who is the heaven and earthly master of the years (on), months,

days, hours, quarter-hours, stars, and gara(, will descend. As to why this is so, it is to count

the people and all human beings in general, and to know them. Its procession is equal to that

of the sun and moon. Its body fills three continents. It has the body of a human being, a dog

head, pig snout, bird wings and claws, and a snake tail. Its color is black. In order to

circumambulate Mount Sumeru, it lies on its left ribs and turns with its right ribs [facing the

mountain].173 During the three months of spring its head is in the east. Its mouth is in the

southeast. Its belly is in the south. During the three months of summer its head is in the

south. Its mouth is in the southwest. Its belly is in the west. Its back is in the east. Its tail

is in the north. During the three months of autumn its head is in the west. Its mouth is in the

north. Its belly is in the north. Its tail is in the east. Its back is in the south. During the three

months of winter its head is in the north. Its mouth is in the northeast. Its belly is in the east.

Its tail is in the south. Its back is in the west. On its head do not build a house. On its mouth

do not set out on a campaign. On its back do not take a wife. On its belly do not acquire

animals. On its tail do not take out bones. [55v] On both the head and stomach take a bride.

On the mouth offer sacrifice to land and water. On its back if one sets off on a campaign,

journey, or hunt, builds a house, or sets out bones or a thread cross, it is good. In a Tiger,

Horse, or Dog year the south is good. In a Hare, Sheep, or Pig year the east is good. In a Rat,

173
See Mostaert's translation (MMAD 50).

664
TRANSLATION

Dragon, or Monkey year the northeast is good. In an Ox, Snake or Cock year the northwest

is good. The procession of the dog of heaven is a great affair.

As for Tayisui, throughout the years, it resides in these directions: In the Rat and

Ox years it is in the east. In the Tiger and Hare years it is in the south. In the Dragon and

Snake years it is in the southwest. In the Horse and Sheep years it is in the west. In the

Monkey and Cock years it is in the northwest. In the Dog and Pig years it is in the north.

Also, as for a good day to plant a crop, these are good, Kerteg, Rokini, Margišar,

Burnavasu, Jayitari, Mig, Suvadi, Anurad, Burvasad, Udarisad, Abiji, Širvan, or

Udaribadaribad. These stars are good, moon, wood, and earth. The tenth, eleventh, twenty-

fourth, and twenty-fifth are good.

Also, as for a good day to tailor a robe or clothing, the Ox, Horse, Sheep, Dog, and Pig

days are good. These stars are good, moon, water, wood, and gold. These are good, Rokini,

Bus, Burnavasu, Qasta, Jayitari, Suvadi, Suša(, Anurad, Udarisad, Burvabadaribad, and

Udaribadaribad.

Also, as to tailoring a robe, if one finishes immediately on the first day of the month,

it is good. The second and third are good. The fourth is bad. On the fifth it will ignite from

the spark of a fire. On the sixth it will be left on the ground. [56r] On the seventh mice will

gnaw it. On the eighth one will worry. On the ninth one will become exceedingly joyful. The

tenth is fortunate. It is good. On the eleventh it will ignite from the spark of a fire. On the

twelfth it will be seized by mice. On the thirteenth there will be suffering. On the fourteenth

one will be fortunate. On the fifteenth there will be suffering. On the sixteenth it will be

665
TRANSLATION

prosperous and good. On the seventeenth there will be a profit. On the eighteenth it will be

favorable for many commoners. On the nineteenth it will be left on the ground. On the

twentieth many people will have bad intentions. On the twenty-first it will be unfavorable.

On the twenty-second it is bad. The collar will come off (küjügün (arqu). On the twenty-

third one will become exceedingly joyful. On the twenty-fourth there will be an illness. On

the twenty-fifth one will be fortunate. On the twenty-sixth there will be harm and ada

[demons]. On the twenty-seventh one will worry. On the twenty-eighth there will be

suffering. On the twenty-ninth there will be the suffering of separation. On the thirtieth it

will be prosperous and good.

Another item, as for a good day to wear a robe, these stars are good, Wood, Water, and

Gold. Good fortune will increase. On the Sun star there will be loss of possessions and

animals. The Moon, Fire, and Earth stars are bad. If one wears a new robe on these days it

is good, Rokini, Burnavasu, Suvadi, Suša(, Anurad, Udarisad, Abiji, Širvan, Tanista, or

Ašivani. Ardar and Mig are bad. The other stars are middling. Do not perform an act on the

star of one's own birth. Making a family or personal alliance will bring misfortune.

Also, as for a good day to mix medicine, these stars are good, Sun, Moon, Wood, or

Gold. These are good, Kerteg, Bus, Margišar, Qasta, Jayitari, Suvadi, Tanista,

Burvabadarapad, Udaribadaribad, or Rivadi. The Cock day is good. The Sheep day is bad.

The Hare and Cock days are good for giving medicine. The Snake is bad. The Mul star or

the fourth is bad.

666
TRANSLATION

[56v] Also, as for a good day to teach writing and mathematics or to allow one to

become a lama, on the Sun star one becomes brilliantly intelligent. On the Wood star one

becomes extremely knowledgeable. On the Gold star the advantage is great. Besides these

three stars all others are bad. These are good, Margišar, Burnavasu, Bus, Mig, Udaribalguni,

Suvadi, Suša(, Anurad, Èista, Burvasad, or Udarisad. Širvan is bad. All the rest are fair.

If one becomes a monk [toyin] on the eighth day of the month having been protected in

accordance with the custom of the clergy, one will find possessions and food. On the fifteenth

the sage will become learned in the knowledge of the rites. On the sixteenth it will be suitable

for the intellect. These days are good, the second, third, fifth, tenth, eleventh, and thirteenth.

In the final ten days of the month and in the evening hours one's possessions will be used up.

It is bad.

Also, as for the distinction of good and bad days to receive a consecration, the good

days for receiving a consecration fall over seven months, from the fifteenth day of the middle

month of autumn until the fifteenth day of the final month of spring. These days are good,

the first, fifth, seventh, eighth, tenth, eleventh, thirteenth, fourteenth, or fifteenth. If one

receives a consecration under these stars it is good, Sun, Moon, Wood, or Gold. These six

nakshatra are good for receiving a consecration, Bus, Asli(, Suša(, Qasta, Èista, or Ašivani.

Also, it was preached in the Crow Tantra174 that if the nakshatra is good, [a consecration]

should be received during the final ten days of the month.

174
Possibly this refers to the Crow Tantra in the Tanjur.

667
TRANSLATION

On the day the ®obalang-un tngri roams about, one should not take medicine. Also,

a prohibition was preached against treating an illness on the Dog day of any month.

[57r] On a Rat day do not look at omens. If one cuts hair it will be prosperous and

good. If festivity emanates from one's home, visitors will come. If a dog barks a writing will

come from an ancient saint (qutu(), [who lived] long-ago in a far-away place. If a crow or

magpie calls, it is good. An act will take place. If one burns a robe or if a mouse bites, there

will be ada and todqor [demons which bring obstacles]. If one drinks wine a disorderly act

will take place.

On the Ox day one should not receive a promotion. One should not wear a new hat.

If one cuts hair or trims the nails, meritorious advantage will be great. If festivity emanates

from one's home, visitors will come from a distant place. If a crow calls, good joyful news

will arrive. If one burns a robe or a mouse bites, it is good.

On the Tiger day one should not offer sacrifice to anything. If one cuts hair, ada and

todqor will appear. If one trims the nails, one will find possessions and chattels. If a crow

calls there will be loss to possessions and chattels. If one burns a robe, is bitten by a mouse,

or a dog barks, it is extremely good. If one sneezes, visitors will come to one's house.

On the Hare day one should not dig a well. If one cuts hair, it will turn white. If one

trims the nails there will be an act of seeing the bones of death. If festivity emanates from

one's home, a merchant will come from afar. If a dog barks, one will encounter a bad

commoner. [57v] If one burns a robe, a mouse bites, or a crow calls, it is extremely good for

any kind of act.

668
TRANSLATION

On the Dragon day one will not understand for a long time. If one cuts the hair there

will be a quarrel among a great many people. If festivity emanates from one's home, visitors

will come. If a dog barks, there will be damage within the house. If one burns a robe, a

mouse bites, or a crow calls, it is good for any kind of act.

On the Snake day one should not set out on a distant journey. If one trims the nails

or a crow calls there will be a bad argument. If a dog barks, a thief will enter the home. If a

robe burns, [news] will be heard of the death of a girl. If one sneezes the meritorious

advantage will be great. If festivity emanates from one's home, there will be rejoicing.

On the Horse day one should not abuse or beat anybody. If one cuts the hair, there will

be harm to the eyes. If one trims the nails, good news will be heard. If festivity emanates

from one's home, a distant visitor will come. If a crow calls, respectable visitors will come.

If one burns a robe, one will worry. If a mouse bites, there will be sickness and plague. If one

sneezes, life will be long.

On the Sheep day one should not take medicine. If one cuts the hair, sons and

grandchildren will flourish. If one trims the nails or sneezes one will meet a beloved person.

If festivity emanates from one's home, it will be a good omen. [58r] If a dog barks or if a

crow calls, one will find possessions and chattels. If a mouse bites a robe, one will meet with

wine and food. If one sneezes, it is a good sign.

On the Monkey day one should not sit at a new table or chair. If one cuts the hair, one

will accomplish one's intended act. If one trims the nails, one will find possessions and

chattels. If a crow caws, grain and tubers become scanty, and then there will be ada and

669
TRANSLATION

todqor (demons which bring obstacles). If one burns a robe or is bitten by a mouse, bad news

will come. If one sneezes, visitors will come.

On the Cock day one should not hold a feast, invite a guest, kill a chicken, nor eat

meat. If one cuts the hair, there will be a quarrel. If one trims the nails, good news will be

heard. If a crow caws, one will find a gain. If a dog barks, one's mind will not rest. If one

burns or a robe or is bitten by a mouse, an act will be accomplished. If one sneezes, there will

be illness.

On the Dog day one should not feed, kill, beat nor acquire a dog. If one cuts the hair,

it will be prosperous and good. If one trims the nails, one will set off for a distant place. If

one throws away a robe, there will be goodness and rejoicing. If festivity emanates from one's

home, visitors will come. If one sneezes a frightening act will occur. If a dog barks, it is

good. If a crow calls, one will meet with a feast. If one burns a robe, there will be rejoicing.

On the Pig day one should not give away a daughter, kill a pig, nor eat meat. If one

cuts the hair, an animal will be found. If one trims the nails, it is good. If festivity emanates

from one's home, there will be ada and todqor. If one burns a robe or a mouse bites a

dangerous act will occur. [58v] If one sneezes, a desire will be fulfilled.

Also, as a soldier or nomad, do not go in the direction of the Heroes of the Earth. Do

not give away or receive a daughter or bride. Do not set out on a journey nor take out bones.

Any kind of act should be avoided in these [directions]. During the Rat, Ox, and Pig years

the Heroes of the Earth are in the north. During the Tiger, Hare, and Dragon years the Heroes

670
TRANSLATION

of the Earth are in the east. During the Snake, Horse, and Sheep years they are in the south.

During the Monkey, Cock, and Dog years they are in the west.

Also, as to the Qo(osun qumq-a, during the Tiger month it is in the west; the Hare,

north; the Dragon, east; the Snake, south; the Horse, west; the Sheep, north; the Monkey, east;

the Cock, south; the Dog, west; the Pig, north; the Rat, east; and in the Ox month it is in the

south.

Also, as to the Spirit of the Earth, on the Tiger, Snake, Monkey, and Pig days it is on

the sky. On the Rat, Horse, and Cock day it is in between [the earth and sky]. If one disturbs

the ground on these seven days there will be no harm. Because the spirit of the earth descends

to the earth and water on the Dragon, Ox, Sheep, and Hare days, one should not disturb the

ground [on these days].

Also, as to biao, do not disturb the ground on the first, eighth, tenth, eleventh,

fifteenth, twenty-second, twenty-ninth, or thirtieth day of any month. It is bad.

[59r]

Names of the Nakshatra These are the names of those The head of their protective
[stars] which indicate the animal
nakshatra.
Kerteg Constellation of the gate of Monkey's
the god who does battle
Rokini Constellation which makes a Dog's
rich person poor
Margisar Constellation of uniform Fox's
gentle appearance

671
TRANSLATION

Ardar Constellation of the demons Cow's

by which a thing is lost in the
water
Burnavasu Constellation which makes Pig's
the way of the traveller
difficult
Bus Constellation of the lord of Goat's
solitary and
orphaned people
Asli( Constellation which [makes] Snake's
a line to the northwest
Mig Constellation of the albin Snake's
[demon] bandits
Burvabalguni Constellation of all those who Peacock's
cry out
Udaribalguni Constellation of the corpse- Bear's
like black messenger
Qasta Constellation in which wood Snake's
is encircled by flaming fire.
Jayitari Constellation of the vastness Tiger's
of a stag's antlers
Suvadi Constellation in which to Stag's
accomplish something
Suša( Constellation in which to Tiger's
build a treasury
Anurad Constellation in which one Bear's??
woman crushes nine men
Èista Constellation which makes Monkey's
the line of the gods
Mul Constellation in which a king Peacock's
is born and dies

672
TRANSLATION

Burvasad Prosperous constellation Lion's

possessing the seven good
fortunes
Udarisad Constellation of the square Yellow Bear's
basket
Abiji Constellation of the singing Stag's
orphan
Širvan Constellation of those who in Horse's
vanquishing are crushed
Tanista Constellation of the simnus Yellow Bird's
[demons] who hunt
Sadabis Constellation of the meat- Mule's
eating jackal
Burvabadaribad Constellation of the great Snake's
Sun-a
Udaribadaribad Constellation of the meat- Mule's
eating elephant
Rivadi Constellation which cuts off Horse's
descendants
Ašivani Constellation of one person Ram's
who crushes the enemy
[menacing] the frontier
Barani Constellation of the eliy-e Ox's
[demons] who seize people

As to the four days which These are the days of the

separate middle of spring and fall [the
equinoxes] and the end of
summer and winter [the
solstices]. Abstain from any
kind of good deed.

[59v]

673
TRANSLATION

Nakshatra names, number of stars, figure and element

Kerteg Six stars Like a scissors Fire

Rokini Seven stars Like a cart Earth
Margisar Three stars Like the head of an Air
antelope
Ardar Two stars Like two flowers Water
Burnavasu Eight stars Like the ridgepole of Air
a house
Bus Three stars Like a turtle Fire
Asli( Five stars Like the head of a Water
snake
Mig Six stars Like a horse Fire
Burvabalguni Two stars Like a tree Fire
Udaribalguni Two stars Like a chair Air
Qasta Five stars Like a hand Air
Jayitari One star Like a lotus Air
Suvadi Four stars Like a cintâmani Air
Suša( Four stars Like the head of a Fire
goat
Anurad Five stars Like the head of an Earth
elephant
Èista Three stars Like the holes of a Earth
corpse [eyes and
nose]
Mul Three stars Like the mane of a Water
lion
Burvasad Four stars Like a stupa Water
Udarisad Four stars Like pincers Earth

674
TRANSLATION

Abiji Three stars Like the head of an Earth

elephant
Širvan Three stars Like a bellows Earth
Tanista Four stars Like a bird Water
Sadabis Two stars Like flowers Earth
Burvabadaribad One star Like a tree Fire
Udaribadaribad Two stars Like trees Water
Rivadi Thirty-two stars Like a boat Water
Ašivani Three stars Like a horse's head Air
Barani Three stars Like a sharp-edged Fire
implement

Also, as to the days when possessions run out and fortune diminishes, they are one day

prior to the coming of the pneuma of the four hours.

Also, as to a day of great loss, [it is,] 1st month, Horse (i.e., Horse day of the first

month, etc); 2nd, Sheep; 3rd, Monkey; 4th, Pig; 5th, Hare; 6th, Horse; 7th, Cock; 8th, Rat;

9th, Tiger; 10th, Pig; 11th Monkey; 12th, Snake.

[60r]

father door

younger sibling hearth

mother place of residence

son-in-law gate

675
TRANSLATION

This is the table in which the powerful son-in-law kneels down.175 If the month is great count

clockwise [starting] from son-in-law. If the month is small count counterclockwise starting

from gate. Door, hearth, place of residence, and gate are good. If one falls on the others it

is bad (ülü bolumui).

As for the talismans, they are these five things, the quill feather of a raven, a turtle's

shell, a porcupine quill, the horn of an antelope, and the tusk of a wild boar.

Also, as for the empty year, it is on the Rat day of the First month; the Ox day of the

Second month; the Tiger of the Third; the Hare of the Fourth; the Dragon of the Fifth; the

Snake of the Sixth; the Horse of the Seventh; the Sheep of the Eighth; the Monkey of the

Ninth; the Cock of the Tenth; the Dog of the Eleventh; and the Pig day of the Twelfth month.

On the Horse day of the First month, there will be yellow dust; 2nd, Snake; 3rd, Ox;

4th, Horse; 5th, Snake; 6th, Ox; 7th, Horse; 8th, Snake; 9th, Ox; 10th, Horse; 11th, Snake;

12th, Ox. On the Cock day of the First month there will be red dust; 2nd, Tiger; 3rd, Rat; 4th,

Cock; 5th, Tiger; 6th, Rat; 7th, Cock; 8th, Tiger; 9th, Rat; 10th, Cock; 11th, Tiger; 12th, Rat.

On these days of yellow or red dust, if one goes for a visit, someone will die. If one builds

a house, on the one hundredth day it will burn in a fire. If one gives away a daughter or brings

a bride into one's household, on the one hundredth day she will die.

[60v] Another item, as to the day for the opening of the sprinkling aspersions of mare's

milk ceremony (suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu esü( ¯ula(-un negegemel edür), on the Cock, Rat,

175
For a similar diagram in the preclassical sources, see Franke 1964: 16; for a
description of the various nomenclature for sons-in-law see Mostaert, DO, p. 439b.

676
TRANSLATION

and Pig days of the First month, and the Rat, Ox, Dragon, Snake, Monkey, Horse, Dog, and

Pig days of the Second month it is good. On the Rat, Ox, Hare, and Monkey days of the Third

month it is good. On the Dragon, Horse, Sheep, and Monkey days of the Fourth month it is

good. On the Tiger, Hare, Dragon, Snake Horse, Sheep, Cock, and Pig days of the Fifth it is

good. On the Tiger, Hare, Dragon, Snake, Monkey, and Dog days of the Sixth it is good. On

the Cock day of the Seventh it is extremely good. On the Rat, Ox, Tiger, Hare, Cock, and Pig

days of the Eighth it is good. On the Hare, Dragon, Monkey, and Pig days of the Ninth it is

good. On the Hare, Dragon, Monkey, and Cock days of the Tenth it is good. On the Ox and

Tiger days of the Eleventh it is good. On the Ox, Tiger, Hare, horse, Sheep, Monkey, Cock,

and Dog days of the Twelfth it is good. It was told that on these days, known as "open," if one

offers one aspersion (èabda(ur saèuli er<e>gübesü) all burqan and gods will rejoice and

acknowledge it as good. On other days, even though one offers sacrifice with the broth of a

white sheep (èa(an qonin šigüsü-ber takibaèu), they will not notice it.

Another item, when one counts the virtues of the asterisms, Rokini, Burnavasu,

Burvasad, and Sadabis are the asterisms of good fortune. One should not distribute

possessions or animals. Ardar, Èista, and Tanista are the asterisms of travelers. Travelers

should not leave. Bus, Suvadi, Rivadi, and Udarisad are the asterisms of accomplishing

[magic]. They are good for the deeds of the recipients [of a magical rite]. Burvabalguni,

Širvan, Mul and Barani are the asterisms of death. It is told that they are bad for all acts.

Burvabadaribad, Udaribadaribad, Qasta, and Abiji are the asterisms of Erlig. [...] for the

dharma of the dead. Suša(, Ašuvani, Mig, and Udaribalguni are the asterisms of enemies.

677
TRANSLATION

If one encounters an enemy, it is good. Kerteg, Margišar, Jayitari, and Anurad are the

meritorious asterisms. They are good for performing pious and meritorious acts.

As for classifying the twenty-eight nakshatra, there are eight nakshatra in which good

fortune resides. In the east, Margišar and Bus; in the south, Mig and Suvadi; in the west,

Burvasad and Udarisad. In the north, Udaribadaribad and Ašivani. As for personal

nakshatra, there are, Ardar, and Burnavasu; Qasta and Jayitari; Anurad and Tanista; [61r]

and Sadabis and Burvabadaribad. As for the four nakshatra which cut off descendants, they

are, Asli( and Suša( and Abiji and Barani. As for the four tan nakshatra (indicating

significance for those of rank, to whom tan is used as an honorific), they are Rokini and

Udaribalguni and Mul and Rivadi. As for the four widow nakshatra, they are, Kerteg, Èista,

Burvabalguni, and Širvan. As for classifying the twenty-eight nakshatra by means of the

elements, these are wood: Margišar, Ardar, Burnavasu, Bus, Kerteg, and Rokini. These are

fire: Mig, Burvabalguni, Udaribalguni, Qasta, Jayitari, and Suvadi. These are metal [altan]:

Anurad, Èista, Mul, Burvasad, Udarisad, and Abiji. These are water: Tanista, Sadabis,

Burvabadaribad, Udaribadaribad, Rivadi, and Ašivani. And these have the essence of earth:

Asli(, Suša(, Širvan, and Barani.

As for classifying the nakshatra by means of their ancestry, these four nakshatra, Bus,

Qasta, Abiji, and Ašivani, are of the Four Wheels clan. On these days if one treats an illness,

plans one's actions, recites a dh~ran}§, looks for profit, preaches the dharma, or takes a vow

of fasting, it is good for these acts of lofty accomplishment. If rain falls, afterwards there will

be a drought. If a son is born, his physical appearance having become handsome and his

678
TRANSLATION

speech elegant, he will have a ready intellect, many ideas, and be skeptical (itegel ügei). He

will live eighty years. These four constellations, Rokini, Udaribalguni, Burvasad, and

Udaribadaribad, are of the Unshakeable [Èingbatu] clan. Under these nakshatra if one

ascends the throne (qan oro sa(ubasu. [=qan oron-a sa(ubasu]), receives a promotion,

investigates new land, builds a town or city, or works affairs in general, [it is good.] It is good

for rites to pacify the prophets (išiten tübšidkü üiles). If rain falls it will turn to drizzle. If a

son is born he will not speak falsely. He will live eighty years. These five nakshatra,

Margišar, Asli(, Jayitari, Anurad and Rivadi, are of the Eminently Accommodating clan.

They are good for peaceful acts of offering sacrifice to the ancestors, holding power,

assembling in harmony, revering a lama or incarnation, and hanging an ornament. If rain

falls, afterwards rain will be plentiful. [61v] If a son is born he will have a ready intellect,

elegant speech, even thoughts, and he will be well known for his good name. If he does not

die at twenty-eight years he will live sixty years. Ardar, Burvabalguni, Èista, and Mul are the

four nakshatra of the Severe and Fearsome clan. On these days if one sets off on a campaign,

it is good for surrounding the city of one’s enemy, going to pillage and steal, cutting down

forests, or any kind of fearsome deed. If rain falls, [rain] will fall again thereafter. If a son

is born, he will have a severe and fearsome character. If he lives past his twentieth year, he

will live to be seventy years. These nakshatra, Burnavasu, Suvadi, Širvan and Tanista, are

of the Vacillating Restless clan. On these days it is good for going someplace not far away,

doing business, or performing restless acts. If rain falls it will fall suddenly. If a son is born

he will have a lying, forgetful, bad character. His life-span will be eighty years. These, Mig,

679
TRANSLATION

Burvasad, Burvabadaribad, and Barani, are of the Eminently Just clan. These are good for

making a family or personal alliance, buying an animal, acquiring a slave or servant, making

a [rabnas] consecration and meritorious acts. If rain falls it will fall again thereafter. If a son

is born he will have a straightforward character, and, having become a craftsman, he will live

sixty years. Kerteg and Suša( are of the Firm and Soft clans. On these days if one refines

jewels and so forth or burns a fire mandala, it is good. If one looks for profit, it is fair. If rain

falls, it will fall again thereafter. If a son is born, having suffered in his youth, he will be

happy in his old age. Under the first four nakshatra one should not repeat a consecration (adis

ülü daru(ulqu). Under the final four constellations one should not make a blessing.

680
 GLOSSARY

aa Tib. letter, a: arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg bui 20r; [Yang Gung-¯ii

kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u edür-<y>i ü¯ekü] belgeinu ula(an üsüg bui 47v.

aba mordabasu if one sets off on a hunt (55v).

aba(-a n. paternal uncle; eèige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu if one buries the bones of one’s

paternal uncle (42v).

abalabasu/ab’labasu 1. if one hunts in a drive; 2. if one allures, seduces; 3. if one hurts

through magic incantations; abala- “to hunt in a drive” must be distinguished from abla- “to

seduce”; “to hurt through magic”; the orthography gives only abalabasu; in some instances

context gives a hint to the translation, i.e., köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü ab’labasu 36r; okin

bo(talabasu (uyubasu ab’labasu 36v; okin bo(talabasu ab’labasu 37r; other occurrences are

less certain; the translation given is “if one hunts in a drive”, but perhaps “if one hurts through

magic incantations” is correct: abalabasu 22v, 26v, 32r, 36v.

abdara n. trunk, chest; üküger-ün abdara (coffin): üküger-ün abdara kibesü 37r.

Abidarm-a [S. abhidharma; Tib. chos mngon]; name of the third section of the Buddhist

basic scriptures, constituting a systematization of the Buddhist scriptures; Mong. ayima( saba

(Lessing 1159); degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal the tenets of the supreme Abhidharma (2v).

Abiji/Abaji [S. Abiji]; 20th nakshatra; 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u eèüs Abiji sara 14r;

Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 14r; Abiji na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün na(šidar bui 30v;

tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ur(ulu(èi Abaji buyu 33v; nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i

681
ü¯egülügèi Abiji buyu 34r; Mul Abiji qoyar-du ¯arli( nom medekü bolumui 37v; šim[n]us-un

ila(u(san dolo(an edür inu [. . . ] Saran odun Abaji qoyar 45r; Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad

Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v; mör (arqu edürün sayin

kemebesü [. . .]Abiji [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .]Abiji [. . .]

sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Abaji [. . .] sayin 55v; Abaji [. . .] edüd

šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r; [. . .] Abiji erlig-ün odun bui 60v; dörben ür-e tasura(san

odun kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar. Abaji Barani qoyar buyu 61r; Anurad Èistan Mul

Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun

dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r.

abišig [S. abhisheka; T. dbang, dbang bskur]; consecration, initiation, ordination; for these

rites, see RRS, 578-585; arbun tabun-a Èa(-un kürdün-ü abišig talbi(san sayin èa( bui 10r;

abišig ab- 11r, 13r, 21v, 28v, 43v, 46v, 56v, 56v; abašig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v;

abašig abqu edürün sayin 56v; abašig abqu sayin edür 56v; takil ba abišig talbibasu 28r; abišig

kiged qutu( oroši(ulqu üiles 38r.

abišig abubasu if one receives an initiation (11r, 13r, 21v, 28v, 43v, 46v).

abišig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu If one receives initiation or guidance (26v).

ab’labasu

[see above under abalabasu]

abqui [S. upâdâna; Tib. len pa]; seizing, clinging; the 9th phase of the twelve links of

dependent origination (šitün barildaqui); in the calendar united with the dog of the twelve

animals: noqai abqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

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GLOSSARY

abubasu if one acquires something (34v).

aèi grandson, granddaughter; nephew, niece; qula(ayièi-yin aèi inu ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 31v;

köbegün aèinar olan bolumui 38r; köbegün aèinar delgerekü 57v; köbegün aèinar-i öber-e

sal(abasu 34r.

aèi ür-e result, consequence; to(an-u aè'i ür-e 1v; sayin ma(u aèi ür-e 4r; aèi ür-e inu maši

yeke bol[u]yu 38r; aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e inu

maši sayin bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e inu küsel-iyer bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e bütükü 46r; aèi ür-e-yin

uèaral-iyar bolumui 46v.

ada [Uy. ada]; evil spirit, demon, devil; object of aversion; nuisance; obstacle, hindrance;

Nebesky-Wojkowitz describes these demons as spirits who attack especially children and who

are therefore similar to Tib. chung sri" (ODT 539). This type of demon was absorbed into

Tibetan shamanism and Buddhism through Mongolian and especially Buriat shamanism. Cf.

ODT 539. Bawden, citing Sandschejew, describes these demons thus:

According to Buriat tradition, one of the souls of a dead person, having been
captured or eaten up by the spirits, ends its existence, leaves the body and
becomes a boxolde, Khalkha boxuldui, or an ada, and establishes itself in a
reptile, and is particularly harmful to children.

He notes that Nebesky-Wojkowitz connects ada with Tib. chung sri and adds that it is usually

connected with Tib. gdon. Cf. Bawden, SE I, p. 234, n. 58. üküger-ün qan ada adalamui 26r;

qar-a to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada adalamui 26v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada

adalamui 34v; ebedèin ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ükül ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; qorin ¯ir(u(an-a qoor

ada bolqu 56r; ada-du kürteyü 50r; ada-du uèaraqu 50r.

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GLOSSARY

ada todqor demons, obstacles; obstacle creating demons; see ODT, 90; ada todqor èi(ul'qu-

yin na(šidar 29r; qulu(an-a qa¯abasu ada todqor bolqu 57r; üsün kir(abasu ada todqor bolqu

57r; keriy-e kegübesü [. . .] ada todqor bolqu 58r.

ada(ula- v.t. to tend cattle; qonin ada(ula(san kümün 4v.

adala- to obsess, bewitch, bedevil; üküger-ün qan ada adalamui 26r; okin töröbesü erketen-

dür uèaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v; qar-a to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada adalamui

26v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v.

adis [shortened from S. adhishthâna, see adistid] n. blessing, benediction, consecration; cf.

RRS, 265; dörben terigün odun-dur adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v.

adis daru(ul- to repeat a blessing; see Mostaert, MMAD, 65, note 132; Mostaert, DO,

124b, 406b (under jusu); dörben terigün odun-dur adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v.

adistid [S. adhishthâna, Tib. byin gyis brlabs pa] n. blessing, benediction, consecration;

Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v; Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r.

adqu 1. handful, a unit of measure; isün adqu široi 22r; 2. a unit of time (8.64 seconds);

nigen èa(tur naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi

bui 6r.

adu(usun/ada(usun/adusun n. [S. tîryak; Tib. byol-song]; animal, animals, livestock;

animals are one of the six forms of existence; see RRS, 126; ada(usun abubasu 21v; adusun

abubasu 22v; mal ada(usun abubasu 26v; ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v; ada(usun

sürüglebesü 21v; adu(usun s[ü]rüglebesü 32r; adu(usun sürüg sal(abasu 35v; adu(usun

sal(an sürüglebesü 36r; ada(usun/adu(usun ¯ibqarabasu 22r, 27r; ada(usun ba ed ¯ibqarabasu

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GLOSSARY

23r; ed ada(usun/adu(usun ¯ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 29r; ada(usun ögbesü 23r,

26v; adu(usun ögbesü 30r; ed mal ada(usun ögbesü 24v; eremdeg-dür ada(usun ögbesü 31r;

ed adu(usun nemeyü 25v; mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v; mal adu(usun buu ög 26r; ed

adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v; adu(usun quriyabasu 26v; adu(usun ba okin ögbesü abubasu 29v;

(a¯ar ködelbesü adu(usun törögülten-dür ma(u 31r; mal adu(usun ögbesü 31v; kümün-e

adu(usun ögbesü 36v; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu 43r; adu(usun ögküi üiles

46r; adu(usun sür dalalbasu 46v; kebili-tür adu(usun buu ab 55r; ada(usun olqu 58r;

du(usun qudalduqui 61v; (a¯ar ködelbesü adu(usun-dur ma(u 31r; adu(usun-dur qoor

qorom¯i yeke boluyu 38r; ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; adu(usun-i šin-e

kebtešin-dür kebtegülbesü 36r; adu(usun-i sürüglebesü 37r; mal adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa(

mör (arbasu 24r; ada(usun-u sür dalalbasu 31r.

ada(usun abubasu if one takes an animal (21v).

adu(usun ba okin ögbesü abubasu if one gives or takes an animal or girl (29v).

adusun abubasu if one takes an animal (22v).

a(la( secluded, solitary, remote, desolate; a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v; see RRS, 433.

a(ula mountain: dörben odun-u düri a(ula metü 29r; (a¯ar ködelbesü a(ula ebderemüi

29v; a(ula-aèa modun eribesü ülü oldaqu 47v; Sümber a(ula-yi ¯öbšiyerküy-e ¯egün qabar(-a

kebte¯ü bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimüi 55r; Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi odun 32v,

32v; a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(èi odun ali bui 32v; Sümber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar

Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ekilen [. . .] 32v; Sümber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u

38v.

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GLOSSARY

a(ula-aèa modun eribesü if one seeks wood from a mountain (47v).

a(ur [Ch. qi] n. steam, vapor; breath; pneuma; atmosphere; a weather term; the 24 joints and

breaths (Palmer 1986: 64-66; Ho 1966: 53-54); ¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui 4r; edür söni-

yin a(ur 5v; qabur namarun a(ur basa tegünèilen bolumui 6r; tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben

a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r; sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur-ügei bögesü tere saban sara

bolumui 6v; (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur öèüken oromui 8r; (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r;

a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r; qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad 13r; (a¯ar-tur qala(un-u

a(ur (aru(ad küiten-ü a(ur oromui 17r; dörben èa(-un a(ur oroqu 59v.

a(ur tegerm-e n. mortar and mill; a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 36v, 37r; see G. Kara,

1979: 198; 1984: 349.

a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu if one erects a mortar or mill (36r, 36v, 37r).

a(urqai mine; granary, silo; nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi (odun) 33r,

33v; a(urqai bulabasu 42v; a(urqai erübesü 42v.

a¯ar(-a stallion; a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa

talbibasu 35r.

a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu if one picks out a stallion, bull camel or bull; according

to a native informant, Ts. Baatar, when the breeding males are selected from a herd there is

a special rite performed over them. Likely it is not only the selection of the animals but the

rite, itself, referred to here (25r, 25r, 26r).

a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa talbibasu if one picks out a stallion, bull camel, bull or ram

(35r).

686
GLOSSARY

ala( variegated; solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai 20r; ala( nidün bui 20v; ala( dusul 20v, 43v; ala(

debisker 20v, 43r; ala( noqai-tai teyimü kümün 24v; ala( debel buu ed’ke buu emüs 35r.

albin/alban [Tib. bstan] demon, devil, evil spirit, sprit; cf. SE I 246: albin salm-a-bar

küliküi na(šidar 27v; Mul na(šidar kemebesü alban-u [=albin-u] na(šidar 29v; albin-u

degeremeèi odun 59r.

albin salm-a the devil’s net (RRS, 432); albin salm-a-bar küliküi na(šidar 27v.

alèaqu [Ordos dialect (DO, 17b)]; nom. fut.; will move the legs: (a¯ar ködelbesü ülü

alèaqu 28r.

aliba burqan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü performs rites for the assembly of various buddhas

(26v).

alim-a n. pear; in Ordos and southern Mongolian languages alim-a means “pear;” elsewhere

it means “apple;” when alima = pear, almurad = apple: alim-a güilesü terigüten ¯imis

ur(umui 13r.

alqu n. pace; dolo(an alqu (a¯ar-a 23v.

alqum n. a unit of measure, pace, i.e., a yard; nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e arban alqum nigen

giškim (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; nara šingge¯ü arban

alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v.

alta(n) 1. gold, golden; altan mönggü qudaldubasu 26r; (uyiranèi kümün-dür altan

ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; altan maltabasu 34v; altan buu sürèi 35r; altan ordo mör

(arbasu sayin 49r; ula(an altatu debel 34v 2. one of the five elements (Ch. jin/chin); örön-e

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GLOSSARY

¯üg-ün altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegüsbe 31r; Anurad Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad

Abaji eden altan bui 61r.

Altan gerel the Suvarnaprabhâsa-sûtra; Altan gerel ungši 42v.

Altan odun Venus; Friday; 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v,

46v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v; Altan odun kemebesü kešig

erdeni qa(an-u gara( büküi 23v.

altan maltabasu if one mines gold (34v).

altan mönggü qudaldubasu if one sells gold or silver (26r).

altan ordo the golden palace; see Doré, v. 6, p. 11, v. 9, p. 21; altan ordo mör (arbasu

sayin 49r.

altatu golden; ula(an altatu debel 34v.

altaèin goldsmith; (a¯ar ködelbesü altaèin-a ma(u bui 28v.

ama(n) [Ch. kou/k’ou] mouth, opening, aperture; as with the term egüüde (Ch. men “gate”),

refers to a celestial opening through which spirits exert their influence; similarly personifies

a specific star or star group in a constellation as in the mouth of the black dog of heaven

(tngri-yin noqay-yin aman); also commonly found in divination diagrams: tngri-yin noqay-yin

aman-du buu ög 53r; er-e sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola 52v; aman inu doron-a emün-e 55r;

aman inu emün-e örön-e 55r; aman inu örön-e umara 55r; aman inu doron-a umara 55r; aman-

688
GLOSSARY

a (a¯ar usun-i taki 55v; aman-dur ür-e ügei bolu(ad üge da(un bolqu 52v; aman-tur üge

da(un uèaram 52v; aman-dur èirig buu morda 55r 2. word, speech, news; aman aldabasu 34v;

kelen aman bolqu 50r, 50v; kelen aman-du oroqu 50r; yeke kümün-ü kele aman bolqu 57v;

ma(ui kelen aman bolqu 57v.

aman aldabasu if one takes an oath, makes a promise (34v).

amatu sön-e ?milk at the mouth; perhaps tianru/t’ien-ju (Mathews 6362, 3144), a single star

(: Librae) at the mouth of gang/kang, the 2nd xiu (Ho 1966: 83): yeke amatu sön-e-dür morin

buu dobtul 33v; amatu sön-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r.

Amindiu-a [S. Amitâbha; Mong. èa(laši ügei gereltü]; the fourth dhyâni-Buddha and the

ethereal form of Úâkyamuni (see Getty, 37-39); Mahašuvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar

naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r.

amidu üile life rites: amidu ba ükügsen qoyar-un üile-dür sayin 29v.

amin(-u) saki(ulsun life protection; a ritual for the protection of life (Beyer, p. 55).

amin(-u) ¯oli( saki(ulsun ransom protection of life; a ritual in which figurines usually

made of dough are used to rid one of evil spirits causing illness (Lessing, 1070); amin ¯oli(

saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36v, 36v, 37r.

amila- to enliven or animate something, i.e., by performing certain rites (Lessing 1070);

burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v.

amisqaqui [S. prâna]; the act of breathing, respiration; a measure of time; four seconds is

the length of time between the breaths of an ignorant commoner (bertegèin arad nigen

amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki); In Indian sources, one respiration is the time occupied in pronouncing

689
GLOSSARY

ten long syllables (Burgess 1859: 149); for the gods (tngri-nerün nigen amisqaqui) the interval

is 360 times longer or 24 minutes; in Indian astrology the “time of the gods” is 360 times

longer than that of man; thus one sidereal year is a day and a night to the gods (Burgess 1859:

152; Stone 1981: 52-53): bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki-yi to(ala¯u (urban

¯a(un ¯iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5r; ¯ir(u(an amisqaquy-i nigen möèe 5v; tere

kemebesü tngri-nerün nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a saèu(uu bol- 5v; qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi

bolumui 5v.

amu(ulang [S. sukha; Tib. bde ba]; enjoyment, bliss; syn., ¯ir(alang, ant. ¯obalang; degedü

amu(ulang 1v, 38r; amu(ulang ¯ir(alang-i törögülkü 2v; amu(ulang bolu(ad 37v;

amu(ulang nuta bolumui 37v.

amurling(ui [S. çânta, harsha; Tib. zhi ba, rangs pa]; quiet, peaceful; joyful, happy;

amurling(ui üiles (keyi-) 18r, 41v, 45r, 46r, 61r.

ana(a- to treat (an illness); ebedèin kürtebesü ana(aquy-a berke 40r.

anda sworn brother; friend; [Ch. bai dixiong/pai ti-hsiung (see Doré, v. 5, p. 497-499)]:

quda anda bol- 10r, 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v, 56r, 61v; qudda anda bolulèibasu 28r, 28r, 29r,

31r, 32r; quda anda eribesü 31r.

anggir a kind of yellow duck; anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r.

Anurad [S. anurâdhâ]; the 15th nakshatra; 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 34r, 34r, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v,

56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r; saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu- 18r, 19r; qorin dörben-e

690
GLOSSARY

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; Anurad na(šidar

29r; Anurad-du degedü šidi olqu boluyu 38r.

aq-a elder brother; elder relative; elder: aq-a yeke kümün 4v; aq-a degüü 30r; aqa degüü

qoyar kümün uèira¯u ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 25v; aq-a degüü qoyar terigülen qula(uyu 26r; bombo

aq-a degüü qoya(ula ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 26r; aq-a kümün-ü üiles-dür sayin 30r.

arad [used as sing. and pl., originally pl. of aran] commoner: bertegèin arad nigen

amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki 5r; (a¯ar ködelbesü yeke arad toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v; olan arad ¯okiqu

56r; ma(ui arad-i sayid-un ¯erge-dür oro(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un

¯erge-dür oro(ulu(èi Qasta buyu 33v; ma(u arad-lu(-a ¯ol(oqu 57r.

aran man, person, commoner: ma(u aran-lu(-a uèirabasu 22v.

arban ten: arban 37r, 38v, 39v, 44r, 55v; arban šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; šine(-yin) arban

38r, 38r, 53r, 56v, 56v, 58v; arban qubi bolbasu nigen möèi bui 6r; arban adqu bolbasu nigen

qubi bui 6r; arban alqum 6v, 6v; Arban sara 17r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50r, 60r, 60v; arban kümün 53v;

arban-a öl¯eyitü sayin 56r.

arban dolo(an seventeen; the seventeenth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 44v, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56r;

arban dolo(an-a 39r, 39r, 44v, 44v, 56r.

691
GLOSSARY

arban dörben fourteen; the fourteenth day: 3v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 38r, 38v, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

56r, 56v.

arban (urban thirteen; the thirteenth day: 2r, 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v, 56v.

arban ¯ir(u(an sixteen; the sixteenth day: 3r, 5v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r,

44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v.

arban isün nineteen; the nineteenth day: 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r.

arban naiman eighteen; the eighteenth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r.

arban nigen eleven: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r,

53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 58v; Arban nigen sara 18r, 18r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v,

41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v.

692
GLOSSARY

arban nigen the eleventh day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r,

39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 58v.

Arban nigen sara the Eleventh month: 18r, 18r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v,

41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v.

arban qoyar twelve: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v,

39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 53r, 56r, 56v; Arban qoyar

sara 2v, 3r, 3r, 5r, 6v, 7v, 32v, 41v, 60r, 60v; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; arban qoyar

sarayin èo(tu edür 47r; arban qoyar sarayin yang gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u

edür-<y>i ü¯ekü 47r; arban qoyar sarayin modun gokimoi 48r; arban qoyar šitün barildaqui

2v, 2v; arban qoyar èa( 6r; arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50r;

arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v; arban qoyar ¯il 34r; na(šidar-lu(-a

arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v; arban qoyar e¯in 35v; arban qoyar

gdanm-a 38v; arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün ene bui 50r;

arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v.

arban qoyar the twelfth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v,

37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 53r, 56r, 56v.

arban qoyar èa( the twelve hours: 6r; arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü

kürdün 50r; arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v.

arban qoyar edür the twelve days: arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi

ü¯ekü kürdün ene bui 50r; arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v.

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GLOSSARY

arban qoyar e¯in the twelve lords (35v); a Chinese cycle of twelve days; it belongs to an

ancient astrological system, known as jianchu (after the first two terms in the cycle) that dates

to at least the Western Han (Allred, 2002: 65, n. 136; Ho 2003: 30); the manual gives a

transcription of the Chinese terms: jan, èuu, man, bing, ding, gi [=ji], pô, üi, èeng, šiu, ke, bi;

their Mongolian translation: ejilegèi, aril(a(èi, dügürügèi, tübsidkegèi, to(ta(èi, saki(èi,

ebdegèi, tüšigèi [=tügšigèi], bütügèi, quriya(èi, negegèi, qa(a(èi, and then the combination

of the two: ¯an e¯ilegèi edür, etc.; cf. Mostaert MMAD, 21, n. 61; pentaglot dictionary, 17428-

17440, pp. 997-998. For these twelve lords in Uigur sources, cf. Rachmati, #11, p. 308 and

Bazin, 1991: 287-288.

arban qoyar gdanm-a the twelve consorts (38v).

arban qoyar ¯il the twelve years: arban qoyar ¯il 34r; na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il

qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v.

Arban qoyar sara [Tib. zla-ba bcu-gnyis]; 1. the twelve months of the year: 2v, 3r, 3r, 5r,

6v, 7v, 32v; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; arban qoyar sarayin èo(tu edür 47r; arban qoyar

sarayin yang gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u edür-<y>i ü¯ekü 47r; arban qoyar

sarayin Modun gokimoi 48r; 2. the Twelfth month (used occasionally instead of Kögeler

sara): Arban qoyar sarayin isün šin-e 41v; Arban qoyar sarayin 'aqai edür bolai 60r; Arban

qoyar Üker Baras Taulai Mori Qoni Beèin Takiy-a Noqai edür-e sayin.

arban qoyar šitün barildaqui the twelve links of dependent origination (2v, 2v).

Arban sara the Tenth month:17r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50r, 60r, 60v.

694
GLOSSARY

arban šin-e the 10th day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; šine(-yin) arban 38r, 38r, 53r,

56v, 56v, 58v.

arban tabun fifteen; the fifteenth day: 2r, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 6v, 7r, 8r, 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16r, 16r, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 53r,

53r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 58v; edür arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; söni arban tabun

tedüiken qubi 5v; arban tabun odun 33r.

Ardar [S. Ârdrâ]; the fourth nakshatra: Ardar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 59r, 59v; Ardar na(šidar 26r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan

šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]Ardar [. . .]sayin 37v; Ardar-dür buyan

keš[i]g sayitur nemeyü 37v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui

[. . .] 'al odun Ardar qoyar 45r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür

bolumui [. . .] Usun odun Ardar qoyar 45r; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji

ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini

eden modun bui 61r; na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü anu

ene bolai Margašar Ardar qoyar Qonin edür uèarabasu ma(u 46v; èireg mordaqu edür

kemebesü [. . .] Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu [. .

.]Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v; öšiyerkü qara edür ginggang šingpüng güiküi edür ma(u. [. . .] Ardar

[. . .] ma(u 53r; debel emüskü sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Ardar [. . .] ma(u 56r; Ardar Asli(

Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui. ¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v; naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü

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GLOSSARY

Ardar Burnavasu qoyar 60v; Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin

obo(-tan buyu 61v.

The appearance of its nine stars is like a saw (26r); Usually given as one star, " Orionis, and

said to be “like a gem.” See Burgess and Rachmati.

ar(-a means, method; way out, possibility; ruse, trick, artifice, scheming; the male or

positive element in nature (Ch. yang); as contrasted with the female or negative element (Ch.

yin; Mong. bilig [Lessing 51]): ar(-a uqaqui 2v; o(tar(uy-yi egülen bürkü¯ü odun na(šidar-i

ülü medekü bögesü tegüni; medeküi ar(-a inu 4v; saban sara-yi oriši(ulqui ar(-a 6v; okin

töröbesü qula(ayièi ba ar(-a ¯ali yeke-dü bui 28r; (a¯ar ködelbesü ar(-a beligten öber

¯a(uraban ebderemü 31v; (alqalaqu ar(-a 42v.

ar(-a biligten those possessing skillful means and wisdom (Lessing, 51): (a¯ar ködelbesü

ar(-a beligten öber ¯a(uraban ebderemü 31v.

ar(-a ¯ali deceit, trickery: okin töröbesü qula(ayièi ba ar(-a ¯ali yeke-dü bui 28r.

ari(un [S. çuddha, viçuddhi; Tib. dag pa]; pure, clean, holy (Lessing, 1161): ari(un takin-a

1v; ari(un gegen-e ¯iruqai 2v; öèügüken ari(un köbegün 24r; ari(un sayin köbegün 54v.

ariki alcohol: ariki iskebesü 31v, 46v.

ariki iskebesü if one ferments alcohol (31v, 46v).

aril(a- [S. viçodhaya-; Tib. sbyong ba]; to cleanse, purify; to dematerialize (by reciting tarni

[Lessing 1161]): yirtinèü-tekin-ü ¯obalang-i aril(a¯u 2v; dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v.

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GLOSSARY

aril(a(èi [Ch. qu/ch’u, “to remove, eradicate” (Mathews 1391)]; the one that purifies; 2nd

of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi

to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui

35v; èuu aril(a(èi edür 35v.

arilu(sad those who are purified: (anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar arilu(sad 1v.

arilu(san [S. viçuddha; Tib. dag pa]; clean, pure (Lessing, 1161): teyin böged arilu(san-u

to(-a 2r.

arisun skin: Mo(ai sara mön-ü tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nüken-dür orkimui 11r.

ariyatan carnivorous or wild animals; beasts of prey: ariyatan-u sünesün na(šidar 27v.

arsalan lion: arsalan quraèimui 14r; arsalan-u 59r; naran Arsalan-u gertür oro(san-u tula

yirtinèü-deki arsalan quraèimui 14r; arsalan-u ¯o(dor metü 59v.

Arsalan-u ger Leo, the 7th sign of the zodiac: naran Arsalan-u gertür oro(san-u tula

yirtinèü-deki arsalan quraèimui 14r.

arši [Tib. drang srong; S. rshi]; sage, hermit (Lessing, 1161); cf. also ODT 65-66; arši 1v;

arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge 20r; arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung-¯ii kemekü arši-narun

ügülegsen ma(u edür-<y>i ü¯ekü anu 47r.

arvis [Uy. arvis]; magical formula; (cf. Drevnetyurkskii slovar’, 58); arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

arvis tarni [S. vidyâ mantra]; sacred spell; magic spell (Lessing, 1161); see also MSD, 35;

arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

arvis tarni uribasu if one recites a sacred spell (25v).

asar küriy-e hall or enclosure: asar küriy-e baribasu 46v.

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GLOSSARY

asar küriy-e baribasu if one builds a hall or enclosure (46v).

asara- to be compassionate toward smth.; to take care of smth., to love: qatun kümün-i

asarabasu 23r; šin-e kümün-i ülü asaraqu ba gerte ülü oro(ulqu edür 53v; ede edür šin-e

asaraqu 53v.

Asli(/As’li( [S. Âúleshâ]; the 7th nakshatra: Asli( 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

15v, [16v], 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v; Asli( na(šidar 27r; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi

Asli( buyu 33v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul As’li( Širvan ede dolo(an

na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Asli( Šuša( Širvan Barani eden široi-yin èinar buyu 61r; èireg

mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Asli( [. . .] ma(u 48v; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani

ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin 56v; Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui.

¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v; dörben ür-e tasura(san odun kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar. Abaji

Barani qoyar buyu 61r; Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r.

asuri [S. asura; Tib. lha ma yin; Mong. tngri busu]; a class of demi-gods, enemies of the

gods in Hindu mythology (Lessing 1161); titans; antigods (Waddell 1978: 81-82): 'al odun

kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar bui 22v.

ašida-yin abiding, immutable: tübšidkekü ašida-yin üiles-dür sayin 45v.

aši( profit, gain; benefit: aši( ügei 34r; ¯i(ulèilabasu aši( ügei 25v; aši( öri abubasu sayin

36v; aši( tusa eribesü 43v, 61v/aši( tusa eribesü 43v, 61r; aši( tusa bütü- 45v, 49v; aši( tusa

bol- 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 56r.

aši( öri abubasu if one takes a profit or debt (36v).

698
GLOSSARY

aši( tusa benefit, profit, gain, advantage: aši( tusa eribesü 43v, 61v/ aši( tusa eribesü 43v,

61r; aši( tusa bütü- 45v, 49v; aši( tusa bol- 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 56r.

aši( tusa eribesü if one seeks a benefit (43v, 43v, 61r, 61v).

aši( ügei fruitless; without benefit: aši( ügei 34r; ¯i(ulèilabasu aši( ügei 25v.

aši(labasu if one takes a profit: ašiglabasu 36v.

Ašivani/Ašuvani [S. Aúvinî]; the 27th nakshatra: Ašivani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 52r, 59r, 59v; Ašivani sara Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un

kürdüèin-dür namurun dumdadu Ašivani sara 16r; Ašivani na(šidar/Ašuvani na(šidar 32r;

o(tar(ui-dur Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 16r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. [. . .] 'al odun Ašivani qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] 'al odun Ašivani qoyar 44v; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Usun odun Ašivani qoyar

45r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Altan odun

Ašivani qoyar 45r; Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad

Rivad'i Ašivani eden usun bui 61r; mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Ašivani sayin

48v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Ašivani sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun

kemebesü [. . .] Ašivani [. . .] odun sayin 51r; [. . .] Ašivani ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü

sayin 56r; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin

56v; Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i

699
GLOSSARY

il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui. [. . .] umara Udaribadaribad kiged Ašivani

qoyar 60v; Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r.

aya(-a cup; a unit of measure: isün adqu široi isün aya(-a usun-iyar sönöge¯ü 22r.

ayima( class: naiman ayima( 2v, 2v, 20r; ekiner-ün ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui

38v; ya(šas-un ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v; ayima(-ud-i naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu

35r; ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v; naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an 38r;

naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-un] qariqui 39r; naiman ayima(-ud 38v; naiman ayima(-

ud<-ud> terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r; naiman ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü 38v; naiman

ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün 20r.

ayul bolqu beri the bride who will become dangerous (52r).

Ayuši [Mong. èa(laši ügei nasutu]; name of a famous bodhisattva, the God of Long Life:

Ayuši-yin nom ungšiqui [. . .] üiles-dür sayin 45v.

Ayuši-yin nom the dharma of Ayushi; Aparimitâyurhyânasûtra: see Raghu Vira, BSD,

45; RRS, 636; Ayuši-yin nom ungšiqui [. . .] üiles-dür sayin 45v.

baèa( [S. upavâsatha; Tib. bsnyen gnas; Mong. maèa(]; fast, fasting, abstinence, vow of

fasting; baèa( ab-, to take the vows or receive the consecration of a monk (gelüng), which

involves the practice of fasting and abstinence; to fast; baèa(-un sangvar, vow of abstinence

(also taken by laymen [Lessing, 64]); for fasting rites, see RRS, 574-578; baèa( abubasu 30r;

baèa( sangvar abubasu 43v, 61r.

baèa( abubasu if one takes a vow of fasting (30r).

baèa( sangvar abubasu if one takes a vow of fasting (43v, 61r).

700
GLOSSARY

Badm-a dagini [S. padma “lotus”; S. d}~kin§]; Padma d}~kin§; one of the tabun dagini (five

d}~kin§): Badm-a dagini 49v.

ba(-a sara a small month, i.e. a month with 29 days; see also its complement, yeke sar-a

and the synonym, öèüken sar-a; ba(-a sara 51v; sara ba(-a bögesü 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r.

ba(atud the heroes: (a¯ar-un ba(atud 58v, 58v; (a¯ar-un ba(atud-un tere ¯üg èereg ba

negüüdel buu od 58v.

ba(atur hero: üiles-dür mergen ölöng aburitu seèin ba(atur dayisun-i daru(ad 25v;

ü¯esküleng-tü ba(atur tegüs ¯ir(alang-du boluyu 25v.

ba(ši a master; learned lama; conjurer; Nagajun-a ba(ši 3r, 4r; ba(ši kümün-i èidker

bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi (odun) 33v, 33v; ba(ši on-du ülü kürkü 41r; Nagajun-a ba(ši-

yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 49v.

ba(u- to come or go down, fall; to descend, dismount, step down; main uses involve 1.

bringing a bride into one’s household; 2. the moment supernatural beings or spirits descend;

and 3. to decline (of the sun): šin-e nutu(-dur buu ba(u 43r; (ni(ur umara [etc.]) ¯üg qandun

ba(ubasu sayin 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v; burqan tngri-eèe ba(u(san buyan-du sayin èa( 16r; tngri-

yin qara noqai ba(umu 54r; ba(umui 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 55r. tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r,

12r; ba(uqu 43r, 43r; ebülün nara ba(uqu edür 3r; ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r; Maqagala

ba(uqu edür 46v; Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge 20r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edür 47r; Okin

tngri ba(uqu edürün belge 20r; er-e-yin ¯il-ün eki èa(tu ba(uqu bui 52r; beri-yin ni(ur-yi

qandun ba(uqu ¯üg 53v; (a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a ba(uqu tula 58v;

701
GLOSSARY

ba(u(da- [pass. of ba(u-]; to be brought down, etc.: er-e-yin em ¯üg-eèe ba(u(daqui 52r;

(abiy-a-tu sarayin šinede ibegel edür ba(u(daqui 52r.

ba(ul(a- [caus. of ba(u-]; to have brought down; cause to descend, etc.: ber'i buu ba(ul(-a

33v, 34r, 34v; beri ba(ul(abasu 22r, 22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r,

28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 36v, 40r, 41r, 41v, 47v, 60r;

okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu 36v; okin ba(ul(abasu 43v; okin beri ba(ul(abasu 44r, 44r,

46v; beri ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu sayin edür ; beri ba(ul(aqu-du sayin 53r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui sayin odun 51r; ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg 52r.

ba(uram declining; a sign of the true horoscope, i.e., the ascendent: ba(uram 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 24v.

ba(urai [=ba(uri] foundation: ba(uray-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; (olomta ba(urai nutu(

qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v.

Ba’jar dagini [S. vajra “thunderbolt”; S. d}~kin§; Vajra d}~kin§, one of the tabun dagini (five

d}~kin§,): Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün 3r; Bajar dagini 49r.

Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün the tantra of Vajrad}~kin§. Banjar dagini-yin ündüsün 3r.

balai kümün a blind person: balai kümün-i nidüt[e]i bol(a(èi 33v.

bal(asun city; town: bal(asun baribasu 22v; isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun

sür kemekü na(šidar 25r; bal(asun deledbesü 25v, 34r, 35r; qota bal(asun èimebesü 34v;

702
GLOSSARY

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü 37v; qota bal(asun baribasu 41v, 42r, 43v, 44r,

44r, 61r; qota bal(asun bariqui 45v; qo(osun bal(asun-dur 24v; dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i

quriyaqui 61v.

bal(asun baribasu if one builds a city (22v).

bal(asun deledbesü if one pounds a city wall, i.e., out of earth (25v, 34r, 35r).

baling do(šin [Tib. gtor ma; S. bali]; a food offering to deities, usually made of dough

kneaded into various (often pyramidal) shapes (cf. Lessing, 80); cf. also RRS, 426-428; baling

do(šin güikü edürün belge 20v; baling do(šin 39v; baling do(šin qami(-a (sa(uqu) 40r, 41r.

bandi/band’i [S. vandya “one to be saluted”]; novice in Buddhist orders; disciple or

famulus of a lama (Lessing, 82): bandi/band’i 22v, 23v, 24r, 26r; ba(ura(san bandi 24v;

bandi bombo kümün 31r.

bandida [S. pan}di} ta]; savant: bandida Šingq-a sari 1v.

bara(da- to wane: ed bara(daqu . . . edür 59v; sara degürküi bara(daqui-yi medegdeküi

4r; bara(daqui medekü kereg 4v.

bara(un west; right: bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimüi 55r.

bara(ur haggling; wrangling; bargaining: keregür bara(ur-tur ¯ol(oqu 4v.

barama i¯a(ur-tan the caste of the wretched (31v); for various kinds of origins of people

see Sárközi BTD, 276, #3856.

Barani [S. Bharan}§]; the 28th nakshatra: Barani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 45r, 45v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r,

61v; Barani na(šidar 32r.

703
GLOSSARY

baras [Per. pârs, fârs]; tiger; one of the twelve animals: baras 59v; Baras èa( 50r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v; Baras edür 2r, 2r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Baras sar-a 2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 8r, 8r; 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; bing baras sara 7v, 7v; uu baras sara 7v,

7v; keng baras sara 7v, 7v; šim baras sara 7v, 7v; ja baras sara 7v, 7v; Baras jil 41r, 50v, 51r,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; baras ¯ul¯a(alamui 8r; baras mungqa( 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; šitügen-ü eke Baras (a¯ar-a 11r; èa(an baras 49r, 49r, 49r; èa(an baras

king šing 41r; baras metü kümün erebesü 27v; baras-un 59r, 59r.

Baras èa( Tiger hour (50r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v).

Baras edür Tiger day (2r, 2r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v).

Baras (a¯ar Baras place: šitügen-ü eke Baras (a¯ar-a 11r.

Baras ¯il Tiger year (41r, 50v, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v).

baras metü kümün a tiger-like person: baras metü kümün erebesü 27v

baras metü kümün erebesü if one seeks a tiger-like person (27v).

704
GLOSSARY

baras mungqa( 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

Baras sar-a/sara Tiger month (2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 8r, 8r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; bing baras sara 7v, 7v; uu baras sara 7v,

7v; keng baras sara 7v, 7v; šim baras sara 7v, 7v; ja baras sara 7v, 7v).

bariqu (a¯ar eribesü if one seeks a place to build (42r).

bariy-a fetters; a rope for holding oxen or cows by the horns: bariy-a küriy-e dü uèaraqu

50r.

basa nigen eketü another item (37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 41v, 41v,

42r, 42r, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46v, 47r,

47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 55r, 56r, 60v).

basa nigen ¯üil another item (60v).

basar [Per. bazar]; inhabited place; hamlet; village: basar belèid-ün na(šidar 30v.

bata sabre: nigen odun-u düri inu bata metü bui 28v.

bati bata ?: bati bata güikü edürün belge 20v.

bayar qurim keyi- to have a celebration (42r, 46r).

bayi- to stop; cease; in astronomical context refers to the solstices, the moment when the

sun stops moving north or south along the celestial equator: ür-e inu ülü bayimui 34v; nara

ke¯iy-e bayiqu 3r; nara bayiqu düng¯i edür 6r; ebülün nara bayiqu 6r; edür söni teng kem-iyer

bayiqu šaji 6v; ¯un-u nara bayiqu 6v; ¯un-u naran bayiqu èa( 12r.

bayiri battlefield: bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu 22v.

705
GLOSSARY

bayišing building: ger bayišing qota ¯asabasu 28r.

beèin monkey; one of the twelve animals: Beèin sara 14r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Beèin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v;

šim beèin sara 7v; ¯a beèin sara 7v; bing beèin sara 7v; uu beèin sara 7v; king beèin sara 7v;

Töbed-dür Beèin sar-a 14r; Beèin èa( 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r; šim

beèin èa( 7v; ¯a beèin èa( 7v; bing beèin èa( 7v; uu beèin èa( 7v; king beèin èa( 7v; Beèin

(edür) 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 15r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v,

50r, 51r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 58r, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Beèin

(a¯ar-a 19r; Beèin ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

55v, 58v; beèin ¯ilten 24r, 54v; beèin ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; beèin sereküi

8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; modun èim[e]g beèin modun èim[e]g beèin

inu ¯imis ide¯ü èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan te¯igemüi 14r; köke beèin ¯a ii 41r; Qubi sarayin

dolo(an šinide Baras ¯ilün qarši beèin ¯üg qadqu 50v; beèin-ü 59r, 59r

Beèin èa( Monkey hour: beèin èa( 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r; šim

beèin èa( 7v; ¯a beèin èa( 7v; bing beèin èa( 7v; uu beèin èa( 7v; king beèin èa( 7v.

Beèin edür Monkey day: Beèin (edür) 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 15r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42r,

42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 58r, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v.

Beèin (a¯ar-a Monkey place (19r).

706
GLOSSARY

Beèin ¯il Monkey year: Beèin ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; beèin ¯ilten 24r, 54v; beèin ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v.

Beèin sara Monkey month: Beèin sara 14r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Beèin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; šim beèin sara

7v; ¯a beèin sara 7v; bing beèin sara 7v; uu beèin sara 7v; king beèin sara 7v; Töbed-dür Beèin

sar-a 14r.

beèin sereküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

belbesün widow: belbesün qatun kümün ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 22r; belbesün em-e 25r, 25v, 29v;

belbesün em-e abubasu 25r, 32r; beri abubasu belbesün bolumui 43r; dörben belbesün odun

kemebesü Kerteg Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan kiged buyu 61r.

belbesün em-e abubasu if one takes a widow or a woman (25r, 32r).

belèid crossroads: Širvan na(šidar kemebesü basar belèid-ün na(šidar bui 30v.

belge sign, symbol, attribute: belge 3v, 4v, 58r; Baras sara mön-ü tula belge inu baras

¯ul¯a(alamui 8r; Taulai sara mön-ü tula belge inu modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai

mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad qošiyalamui 9r; Luu sara mön-ü tula. belge inu a(ur oroqui-dur luu

dong(oddumui 10r; Morin sara mön-ü tula. belge inu morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge

¯üsün güièimüi 12r; Qonin sara mön-ü tula. belge inu qonin èaddu(ad tar(u güièi¯u 13r; Beèin

sara mön-ü tula belge inu modun cim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan

te¯igemüi 14r; Takiy-a sara mön-ü tula belge inu qamu( šiba(un tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui

15r; Noqai sara mön-ü tula belge inu noqai quraèi¯u [=qurièa¯u] qošiyalamui 16r; 'aqai sar-a.

707
GLOSSARY

mön-ü tula belge inu (aqai nasu to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui 17r; Qulu(an-a sara mön-ü tula belge

inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-eèe ülü (arumui 18r; öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede

qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; belge inu ögede qandu(san jindamuni erdeni 44v; rašiyan edür-

ün belge erdini bui 20r; belge inu degegši qandu(san erdeni 44v; èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a

bui 20r; belge inu qumq-a ene bui 47r; naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu

doro(ši qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adasun 39r; qariqu

edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; belge inu ögede qandu(san (adasun bui

39r; luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r; belge inu köke na(ur bui 39v;

qariqui edürün beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r; belge inu ula(an nara bui 39v; (a¯ar-un e¯ed

èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; qariqui edürün belge inu qara sa üsüg bui 20r;

ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui 20r; belge inu doro(ši qandu(san

jindamuni ene bui 45r; šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r;

belge inu doro(ši qandu(san subur(-a 45r; šim[n]us-i ila(u(san edürün belge inu qara nara

bui 20r; belge inu qara ene bui 45r; Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge inu tong(ori( bui

20r; belge inu tong(ori( bui 47r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui 20r; belge

inu gabala ene bui 47r; erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui

20r; qariqui edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu

edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r; belge inu vaèir bui 38r; qariqui edürün belge inu ¯arimdu(

vaèir bui 20r, 38r; arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg bui 20r; belge inu ula(an

üsüg bui 47v; kelinèitü edürün belge inu qara èindamuni bui 20r; belge inu qara jindamuni

ene bui 45r; kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui 20r; do(šin

708
GLOSSARY

edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r; šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v;

qara šingpüng-yin [=šingpüng-ün] belge inu qara zi üsüg bui 42v; Bati bata güikü edürün

belge inu ala( nidün bui 20v; ginggang güikü edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v;

belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 43r; baling do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul bui

20v; belge inu nigen ula(an dusul bui 40r; öèüken qara edürün belge nigen qara dusul bui

20v; belge ene qara dusul 41v; ügegürügülügèi edürün belge (urbal¯in ula(an bui 20v; yeke

qara edürün belge inu (urbal¯in qara bui 20v; tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui

20v; qo(osun edürün belge (urban qara dusul bui 20v; belge inu (urban qara dusul ene bui

45v; (uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v; belge inu ala( dusul bui

43v; tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; belge inu ala( debeskir bui 43r;

gara( ideši erikü edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v; belge inu dörbeljin qara debesker

ene bui 44r; tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge doro(ši qandu(san qara sara bui 20v;

ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v; ebdegèi edürün belge inu qada(ur

bui 20v; belge inu qara qada(ur 43v; (a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban

nidütü dörbel¯in bui 20v; belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in 44r; tüleküi edürün belge anu

solbi(san qara ¯iruqai 20v; belge inu solbi(san qara ¯iruqai 44v.

belgele- to signify, prognosticate: (a¯ar-<y>i beleglebesü 23r; qorin dörben-e saran-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemüi 8r; qorin nigen-e ür-e tariyan-u

sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r; arban isün-e buuday-yin sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 10r; qorin

dolo(an-a saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u belgelemüi 18r; qorin tabun-a sara-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u belge ü¯imüi [=ü¯emüi] 19r.

709
GLOSSARY

belges [pl. or belge]; signs: ede belges-lu(-a [=belges-lüge] tokiyaldu(ul¯u 5r.

beri/ber’i bride; for more on Mongolian nuptial rites, see RRS, 564-574; for divinations

concerning marriage in the Vaidûrya dKar-po, see TEDP, 194-223: beri/ber’i ba(ul(a- 22r,

22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r,

31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 36v, 40r, 41r, 41v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 53r, 60r; ber'i/beri buu

ba(ul(-a 33v, 34r, 34v; okin ber'i ögbesü 22v, 35v; beri buu ög 58v; ber'i/beri ab- 25r, 29r,

30r, 35r, 35r, 41v, 42v, 45v, 52r, 55v; beri/ber’i buu ab 43r, 51v, 55r; beri abubasu u(tubasu

29r; ülü ¯okiqu beri 52r; qa(aèiqu beri 52r, 52r; ayul bolqu beri 52r; degedü beri 52r; dumda

beri 52r; eèüs beri 52r; ükükü beri 52r; beri kötelügèi 52v; beri (al-du mörgügülkü èa( 53v;

beri mör (arqu ¯üg 54r; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; kon-dur uèira(san beri 54r;

buyan kešig bari(san beri 54r; da-dur ucira(san beri 54r; kümün-ü yasun bari(san beri 54r;

ken-dür uèira(san beri 54r; niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri 54r; kam-dur uèira(san beri

54r; gin-dür uèira(san beri 54r; oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r; jen-dür

uèira(san köl göq-a-bar tata(ci beri 54v; sön-dür uèira(san beri 54v; mo(ai morin ¯iltü beri-

dür ülem¯i ma(u 54r; beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui 52r; lii-dür uèira(san

beri-yi abubasu 54r; beri-yin amin oqor boluyu 34v; beri-yin maqabud-un öngge-yin debel

emüsteküi 52r; beri-yin dörben šilmus 52r; beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu ¯üg 53v.

ber'i abubasu if one takes a bride (25r, 29r, 29r, 30r, 35r, 41v, 43r).

beri abubasu u(tubasu if one receives or welcomes a bride (29r).

710
GLOSSARY

beri ba(ul(abasu if one brings a bride into one’s home (22r, 22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 36v,

40r, 41r, 41v, 47v, 60r).

beri (al-du mörgügülkü èa( the hour the bride is made to prostrate herself before the fire

(53v).

beri kötelügèi the one who leads the bride away (52v).

beri mör (arqu ¯üg the direction in which the bride sets off on her way (54r).

beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui according to the [wandering] stars and

nakshatra, these are the occasions for not taking the bride (52r).

beri-yin dörben šilmus the four demons of a bride (52r).

beri-yin maqabud-un öngge-yin debel emüsteküi the bride should wear a robe that is the

color of her element (52r).

beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu ¯üg the direction a bride should face when she

dismounts (53v).

bertegèin [Tib. byis-po, blun-pa; S. bâla]; ignorant (especially with regard to religious

truth; uninstructed (Lessing, 1163).

bertegèin arad ignorant commoner (5r).

bertegèin köbegün ignorant son, boy (2r).

bey-e/biy-e body: üker-ün bey-e qala(un bol¯u ebesün èidtala idemüi 19r; biy-e ugiyabasu

21v, 22r, 23r; biy-e èinu öèüken 32v; bey-e ugiyabasu 26v, 41v; noyan-u bey-e ba morin-dur

ma(u 41r; bey-e inu ükükü 50r, 50r; bey-e inu (urban tib-i degürümüi 55r; biy-e bildar (oo-a

711
GLOSSARY

61r; qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32vr; ede sarada okin-u bey-e-dü ma(u 51r;

saki(ulsun biy-e-dür-iyen bišil(abasu 31r; erekey-yin èinegen bey-e-tei 39v; kümün-ü bey-e-

dü. noqai terigütü [. . .] 55r; bey-e-[y]i turši modun-iyar èime¯ü 30v.

bey-e ugiyabasu if one washes the body (21v, 22r, 23r, 26v, 41v).

bi 1. [first person pronoun], I: bi 32v, 32v, 32v; 2.[Ch. bi/pi “to close” (Mathews 5092);

Mongolian qa(a(èi]; 12th of the twelve lords of the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing.

ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v; bi qa(a(èi edür 37r; bi pô edür 48v.

bièig writing; a writing, book: ¯arlig bièig tarqabasu 18r; bièig to(-a sur(abasu 22v, 56v;

bièig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v; bièig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r; bièig ungšibasu 32r;

qa(an-a tatal(-a bièig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v; bièig abulèibasu 36v; nom bièig bièibesü 36v;

bièig oro(ulbasu 36v; bièig-dür orobasu 36v, 37r.

bièig abulèibasu ?if one debates a scripture (36v).

bièig to(-a sur(abasu if one teaches writing or mathematics (22v, 56v).

bièig to(-a em sur(abasu if one teaches writing, mathematics or medicine (26r).

bièig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu if one teaches writing, mathematics or science

(23v).

bièig ungšibasu if one reads a book (32r).

bièig-tür orobasu if one starts a [new] book (36v, 37r).

bilig [Uy. bilig]; wisdom, intelligence, intellect, knowledge, understanding, talent, ability;

capability; negative force, feminine principle (Ch. yin); negative pole (Lessing, 104): ¯öng

bilig; ¯öng bilig olu(san Manjušari 1v; erdem bilig 25v; qaram yeke biligtü 31r.

712
GLOSSARY

bing [Ch. bing (the 3rd Heavenly stem)]; bing; 2. [Ch. ping “level”]; [see under ping]: bing

šin yile 7v; bing šin edür 7v; bing baras sara 7v; bing baras èa( 7v; bing luu sara 7v; bing luu

èa( 7v; bing morin sara 7v; bing morin èa( 7v; bing beèin sara 7v; bing beèin èa( 7v; bing

noqai sara 7v; bing noqai èa( 7v; bing qulu(an-a sara 7v; bing qulu(an-a èa( 7v; bing ding

52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

biqar [?S. vihara]; ?temple, monastery (cf. Mostaert, MMAD, 12, n. 22); see also Waddell,

1978: 339; biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai 26r.

biqar qangin Mostaert notes that this is probably for biqar keyid; biqar < S. vihara

"temple, monastery," (Mostaert, MMAD, 12, n. 22), but perhaps the reference is to a

monastery in Qangin, Inner Mongolia, or to a person, Biqar qa(an; biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai 26r.

bišil(a- to meditate: bišil(abasu 11r; burqan-i bišil(abasu 26v; saki(ulsun biy-e-dür-iyen

bišil(abasu 31r.

bišil(abasu if one meditates (11r).

bitegüü 1. closed, final, i.e., the final day of the month, year, etc.; qorin isün bitegüü

bolumui 3r; 2. a measure; two hands, i.e., the amount of something that can be held with the

two hands placed together (Mostaert, DO, 71a under bitü); nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un

a(urqai bol(a(èi 33r, 33v.

biyoo Perhaps this term is associated with the Chinese star term, Chü-men. The term is

given as bayuu; I transcribe b'yuu; for byuu, cf. Heissig, Die mongolischen Handschriften--

Reste aus Olon Süme Innere Mongolei (16.-17. Jhdt), p. 508; in the pentaglot dictionary under

the types of gods (Man. enduri i hacin) there is a Manchu deity, biyoo (17457, p. 999); this

713
GLOSSARY

is Chinese can gong (Mathews ts’an, “silkworm”, 6698, p. 983; kung “palace, temple,

dwelling,” 3705, p. 544); biyoo 58v.

blama [S. guru; Tib. bla ma]; lama; a teacher of the root tantra: blam-a Manjušari 1v.

bodgalis [S. pudgala; Tib. gang zag]; individual; person: ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud

tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san-i uqa(sad bodgalis-dur to(alaqui terigüten tu(urbil-dur kièiyeküi

busu bögetele 1v; (urban èa(-un uqa(-a edüi bodgalis-dur ina(uki terigüten šitün barildaqui

üiles keregtü 1v.

bodisüng [S. bodhisattva; Tib. byang chub sems dpa’]; a bodhisattva, saintly person

approaching perfect enlightenment and thus becoming a Buddha: burqan-u qubil(an

Manjušari bodisü[n]g inü 2r; Manjušari bodisü[n]g 2v; burqan bodisü[n]g-nar 1v.

bodong wild boar: bodong (aqai-yin soyo(-a 60r.

bo(ol slave: bo(ol qudaldubasu 25r, 25v, 26r, 28v; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu narin bo(ol ma(u

sedke¯ü kümün-dür (ar(a¯u ögbe 28r; bo(ol ¯arudasun abqui 61v.

bo(ol qudaldubasu if one trades a slave (25r, 25v, 26r, 28v).

boro bo(šir(-a the sparrow: ¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi 8r.

bo(tala- to put the bo(to cap on a woman, i.e. to marry her off; to become engaged: okin

bo(talabasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r; okin bo(tala¯u 47v; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü

kürdün 51r; okin bo(tolaqu sayin edür 53r.

bolqui becoming; the 10th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination (šitün

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the pig of the twelve animals: (aqai bolqui 8v,

714
GLOSSARY

8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v,

16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

bombo [Tib. bon po]; bon priest, follower of the Bon religion: bombo 26r; bombo kümün

4v, 5r; band’i (ba) bombo 22v, 24v, 26r, 31r; tüliši ögbesü bombo-nardur ma(u 30v.

borbin Achilles tendon: borbin-dur okin-da(an qarši 52v.

boro grey, brown; dark, plain: boro 52v; köke boro mori 5r; boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-

de ¯irgemüi 8r.

boro(an rain; boro(an orobasu üsken bolqu 61r; boro(an orobasu qoyin-a qur-a elbeg 61r;

boro(an orobasu basa oro- 61v, 61v, 61v.

boskil ?: boskil saèu¯u 24r.

boso(-a threshold, doorsill: boso(-a bosqabasu 46v.

boso(-a bosqabasu if one erects a doorsill (46v).

bošu( prophecy: bošu( abubasu 34v.

bošu( abubasu if one receives a prophecy (34v).

Buda dagini [S. buddha “wisdom”; S. dâkinî]; one of the tabun dagini (five dâkinî): Buda

dagini 49v.

bu(u stag: bu(u-yin 59r, 59r; bu(u-yin eber ur(umui 12r; bu(u-yin eber-ün a(ui odun

59r.

bulaši something buried; place where something is buried; grave: bulaši bulabasu 21v;

bulaši buu bula 34v.

bulaši bulabasu if one digs a grave (21v).

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GLOSSARY

buq-a bull: a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; buq-a talbibasu 28r; a¯ar(-a buur-a

buq-a quèa talbibasu 35r; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü

50v.

buq-a talbibasu if one picks out a bull (28r).

Burnavasu [S. Punarvasu]; one of the nakshatra: Burnavasu 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 26r, 33r. 33v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 53r, 55v, 55v,

56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v.

burqad [pl. of burqan]; buddhas, gods, deities: qamu( burqad tngri-nar bayasun

sayišiyamu 60v.

burqan buddha, god, deity; image of a buddha: burqan bodisü[n]g 1v; burqan šim[n]us

kiged ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r; burqan tngri-eèe ba(u(san buyan-du sayin èa(

16r; burqan takibasu 23r, 24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29v, 29v, 31r, 32r, 34r, 34v, 35r,

35r; burqan buu taki 34v; burqan šitügen šinidkebesü 24r; burqan bütügebesü 26r; burqan

ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v; nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu

sayin edür 37v; burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v; burqan nom-i

amilabasu 44v; burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r; burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu 48r; burqan tngri

buu taki 48r; burqan-dur aliba takil üiledbesü 31r; burqan-i takibasu 21v, 22v, 25r, 26r, 27r,

28v, 29r, 30r; burqan-i bišil(abasu 26v; ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen burqan-u nomla(san sudur 2r;

burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g 2r; burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü

sudur 2v; burqan-u qutu(-i olu(san sayin èa( 11r; burqan-u oron eribesü 22v; aliba burqan-u

èi(ul(an üiledbesü 26v; burqan-u e¯in mese-dür üküyü 34v; burqan-u šitügen egüdbesü 46v.

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GLOSSARY

burqan bütügebesü if one evokes a burqan (26r).

burqan nom-i amilabasu if one enlivens a buddha’s doctrine (44v).

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu if one puts the aorta and heart into a

buddha or tutelary deity (36v).

burqan šitügen šinidkebesü if one restores a buddha-image (24r).

burqan takibasu if one makes an offering to a buddha (23r, 24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r,

28v, 29v, 29v, 31r, 32r, 34r, 34v, 35r, 35r).

burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu if one offers sacrifice to a buddha, the gods, or tutelary

deities (48r).

burqan-dur aliba takil üiledbesü if one performs any kind of sacrifice to a buddha (31r).

burqan-i bišil(abasu if one meditates on the buddha (26v).

burqan-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the buddha (21v, 22v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 28v,

29r, 30r).

burqan-u oron eribesü if one seeks the realm of a buddha (22v).

burqan-u šitügen egüdbesü creates the image of a buddha (46v).

bursang [Ch. foseng]; Buddhist priest or clergy: bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v;

bursang quvara( ülü to(taqu 47v.

bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the priests (35v).

buru(u to(ola count in the wrong way, i.e., counterclockwise; contrast ¯öb to(ola;

ba(urai-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; nutu(-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; okin-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v;

717
GLOSSARY

em-e-eèe buru(u to(ola 51v; sara ba(-a bögesü buru(u to(ola 52v; segül-eèe buru(u 52v;

egüde-eèe buru(u to(ala 60r.

Burvabadaribad/Burvabadaripad [S. Pûrvabhadrapadâ]; one of the nakshatra:

Burvabadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 31r, 33v,

34r, 37v, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v, 51r, 55v, 56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; namurun terigün

Burvabadari-bad sara 15r; Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r.

Burvabalguni [S. Pûrvaphalgunî]; one of the nakshatra: Burvabalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 37r, 37r, 44v, 45v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 59r,

59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Bruvabalguni na(šidar 27v.

Burvasad [S. Pûrvâsâdhâ]; one of the nakshatra: Burvasad 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 34r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v,

52r, 53r, 55v, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Burvasad na(šidar 30r; Burvasad

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 13r.

Bus/Pus [S. Pushya]; one of the nakshatra: Bus 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 37v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r,

61r/Pus 53r; Bus na(šidar 2r, 2v, 19r, 26v; Bus sar-a 3r, 19r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. [. . .] Modun odun Pus qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Pus

qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui [. . .] Altan

odun Pus qoyar 45r; Kerteg Barani Šuša( Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an

718
GLOSSARY

na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Pus [. . .] sayin 48v; Pus

Suvadi Rivad’i Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v.

busud-aèa (uyil'(-a abubasu if one receives alms from another (25r).

busud-i ar(adabasu if one quarrels with others (9r, 19r).

busud-i qari(ulbasu if one replies to another (23v).

busud-i takibasu if one makes an offering to another (30r).

buudai wheat; buuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemüi 10r.

buura bull camel: a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa

talbibasu 35r.

buyan [S. punya]; merit; virtue: buyan kešig ebdere- 21v, 34r; buyan keš[i]g neme- 37v,

37v, 56r; buyan kešig ba(ura- 41r; buyan kešig delgerekü 46v; buyan kešig bolqu 50r; buyan

kešig bari(san beri 54r; buyan üiledbesü 21v, 21v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r, 25v, 26r, 29v, 30v, 31r,

32r, 32r, 34r, 35r; buyan ¯oli( ögbesü 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r; buyan ¯oli( üiledbesü 31v;

buyan qurim üiledbesü 31v; buyan tegüsümüi 30v; nom buyan üiledkü-dü sayin 60v; buyan-tu

8r, 13r, 16r, 45r, 45r, 60v, 61v; sayin buyan-u qur-a 1v; buyan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü 23r.

buyan ¯oli( ögbesü if one gives meritorious ransom (22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r).

buyan ¯oli( üiledbesü if one makes a meritorious ransom (31v).

buyan kešig luck, fortune, riches: buyan kešig ebdere- 21v, 34r; buyan keš[i]g neme- 37v,

37v, 56r; buyan kešig ba(ura- 41r; buyan kešig delgerekü 46v; buyan kešig bolqu 50r; buyan

kešig bari(san beri 54r.

buyan qurim üiledbesü if one makes a meritorious feast (31v).

719
GLOSSARY

buyan üiledbesü if one performs a meritorious deed (21v, 21v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r, 25v,

26r, 29v, 30v, 31r, 32r, 32r, 34r, 35r).

buyan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü if one makes an assembly of the virtuous (23r).

büriy-e trumpet: büriy-e tatabasu 34v.

büriy-e tatabasu if one plays the trumpet (34v).

bürkü- to become cloudy; to cover; envelop: o(tar(uy-yi egülen bürkü¯ü 4v.

bürüi twilight, dusk: bürüi-dü x 40r.

bütü- to (magically) succeed, be fulfilled, accomplished: qariyal keyibesü (urban ¯il-dü ülü

bütükü 42r; üile nigen edür-dü bütükü edür bui 42r; kelinèitü üiles üiledbesü bütükü 45r;

do(šin üiles ba küèütü üile üiledbesü ödtör bütükü 45r; qan kümün üiles bütükü 45v; busu-

ber öndür bütükü üiles 45v; aèi ür-e bütükü 46r; sedkil bütükü 46v; küsel bütükü 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 58v; küsel-iyen bütükü 49v, 49v; üiles bütükü 49v, 50r, 50v;

aliba üiles bütükü 50r, 50r; üile bütükü 49v, 58r; kereg bütükü 49v; aši( tusa bütükü 49v;

(abiy-a-tu üiles bütükü 50r; sedkigsen üile bütükü 58r; qoyar široi uèirabasu šid’i bütüküy-yin

uèaral 45v; šidi bütüküy-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü 45vaši( tusa bütüküi 45v; qamu( küsel

bütümüi 38r; qariyal ügegüy-e bütümüi 39r; saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu

sayin ma(u aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r; šidi bütüküy-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü 45v;

sedkigsen bütüyü 45v.

bütügèi [Ch. ch’eng/cheng “to succeed” (Mathews 379)]; the one that succeeds; 9th of the

twelve lords of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

720
GLOSSARY

saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; èeng

bütügèi edür 36v; bütügèi odun 59r.

bütüge- [caus. of bütü-]; to accomplish, fulfill, succeed in doing something: öèügüken tusa

bütügebesü 16r; öber-ün tusa bütügebesü 22v; ed bütügebesü 23v; burqan bütügebesü 26r;

nasun bütügebesü 28r, 34v; šim[n]us bütügebesü 28r; mör bütügekü-yin urida kimor bolqu

41r; Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui 60v; öndör bütügekü üiles 61r; min

nasun bütügeküi 45v; ed-ün ündüsün erke-yi bütügeküi 45v.

èabda(ur a sprinkler, made of wood used in religious ceremonies to make aspersions:

èabda(ur saèuli er<e>gübesü qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayišiyamu 60v.

èa( hour; time: èa( 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 51r, 51r; söni-yin èa( 2v; edür ¯ir(u(an èa( söni

¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u 5v; ding taulai èa( 7v; uu luu èa( 7v; gi mo(ai èa( 7v; king morin èa(

7v; šin qonin èa( 7v; šim beèin èa( 7v; küi takiy-a èa( 7v; ¯a noqai èa( 7v; ii (aqai èa( 7v;

bing qulu(an-a èa( 7v; ding üker èa( 7v; uu baras èa( 7v; gi taulai èa( 7v; king luu èa( 7v;

šin mo(ai èa( 7v; šim morin èa( 7v; küi qonin èa( 7v; ¯a beèin èa( 7v; ii takiy-a èa( 7v;

bing noqai èa( 7v; ding (aqai èa( 7v; uu qulu(an-a èa( 7v; gi üker èa( 7v; king baras èa(

7v; šin taulai èa( 7v; šim luu èa( 7v; küi mo(ai èa( 7v; ¯a morin èa( 7v; ii qonin èa( 7v;

bing beèin èa( 7v; ding takiy-a èa( 7v; uu noqai èa( 7v; gii (aqai èa( 7v; king qulu(an-a èa(

7v; šin üker èa( 7v; šim baras èa( 7v; küi taulai èa( 7v; ¯a luu èa( 7v; ii mo(ai èa( 7v; bing

morin èa( 7v; ding qonin èa( 7v; uu beèin èa( 7v; gi takiy-a èa( 7v; king noqai èa( 7v; šin

(aqai èa( 7v; šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v; küi üker èa( 7v; ¯a baras èa( 7v; ii taulai èa( 7v; bing

luu èa( 7v; ding mo(ai èa( 7v; uu morin èa( 7v; gi qonin èa( 7v; keng beèin èa( 7v; šin

721
GLOSSARY

takiy-a èa( 7v; šim noqai èa( 7v; küi (aqai èa( 7v; ¯a qulu(an-a èa( 7v; ii üker èa( 7v; bing

baras èa( 7v; salkin-u èa( 8r; abšig talbi(san sayin èa( 10r; tu(ulu(san burqan-u qutu(-i

olu(san sayin èa( 11r; tariyaèin-u ebesü tegüküi èa( 12r; ¯un-u naran bayiqu èa( 12r; ünen

nom-un kürdün-i orèi(ulu(san buyan-du sayin èa( 13r; üsken qur-a-yin èa(; okid

üjügürkeküi èa( 15r; ebesün qubaraqui èa( 16r; burqan tngri-eèe ba(u(san buyan-du sayin

èa( 16r; edür söni qubi saèu(uu bo[l]qu oroqui èa( 16r; qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür

oroqui èa( 17r; amitan-i ala¯u kelinèe üiledküi èa( 17r; yeke küiten-ü èa( 17r; ebülün naran

ba(uqu èa( 18r; èa( möèe-yi bari(èi 32v; dolo(an ¯a(un qorin èa( 33r; ni¯iged gara(-lu(-a

ni¯iged èa( bari(èi 33r; qulu(an-a èa( 50r, 51r, 51r; üker èa( 51r, 51r, 51r; baras èa( 51r,

51r, 51r; taulai èa( 51r, 51r, 51r; luu èa( 51r, 51r, 51r; mo(ai èa( 51r, 53v; morin èa( 51r;

qonin èa( 51r; beèin èa( 51r, 51r, 51r; takiy-a èa( 51r, 51r, 53v; noqai èa( 51r 51r; (aqai èa(

53v; öber èa( 51r; beri (al-du mörgügülkü èa( 53v; gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( 54v; on

sara edür èa( möèe 55r; umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( 3v; (urban èa(-i uqa(-a inaru

1v; èa(-<y>i iledte medeküi 5v; èa(-<y>i medegdeküi 6r; qorin dörben a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u

amui 6r; dörben èa(-iyan-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v; qonin èa(-iyar qura(alamui 10r; kücün

tegüs-ün èa(-tu 24r; er-e-yin ¯il-ün eki èa(tu 52r; (aqai èa(-tu 53v, 54r; takiy-a èa(-du 53v

noqai èa(tu 54r; taulai èa(tu 54r; beèin èa(tu 54r; èöb-ün èa(tur 4r; tere èa(-dur 6r, 42r, 42r,

42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v; arban qoyar èa(tur qubiya¯u amui 6r; nigen

èa(tur naiman möèe 6r; küèün tegüs-ün èa(-tur 21v, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r; nara(n) ur(uqui èa(-

tur 21v, 38r, 42r, 42v; nara šinggeküi èa(-tur 38v, 38v, 38v, 42r; nara manduqui èa(tur 42v;

ideši ereküi èa(tur 42v; ede èa(tur üsün-i samla 51r; ede èa(tur mordo(ul-su(ai 51r; üd[e]ši-

722
GLOSSARY

yin èa(-dur 56v; ede èa(-ud-dur (arbasu mör ma(u 50v; (urban èa(-un uqa(-a 1v; Èa(-un

kürdün 1v, 2r, 3r, 3r, 11r, 45r; Èa(-un kürdüèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r; èa(-un il(al 5r; qulu(an-a èa(-un uridu 6v; èa(-un sayin ma(u 8r, 50v; èa(-un

takil 38v; èa(-un qara 41r, 42r; arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün

50r; dörben èa(-un a(ur 59v.

èa(-un il(al the classification of time (5r).

Èa(-un kürdün [S. kâlacakra]; wheel of time; this is the Kâlacakratantra, the main source

of Tibetan mathematics and time reckoning; see Lessing, 1174 under kyrdyn; the wheel of

time is a simple instrument for obtaining, by observation, the sun’s altitude and zenith

distance; it’s simply a wheel, suspended by a string, graduated to degrees, having its lowest

point and the extremities of its horizontal diameter marked, and with a projecting peg at the

center; when used, its edge is turned toward the sun, so that the shadow of the peg falls upon

the graduated periphery, and the distances of the point where it meets the latter from the

horizontal and lowest points of the wheel respectively are the required altitude and zenith

distance of the sun; from these the time may be derived (Burgess, 1859: 37-39, 261, 407);

Èa(-un kürdün 1v, 2r, 3r, 3r, 11r, 45r; Èa(-un kürdüèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

Èa(-un kürdüèin those who follow the Kâlacakratantra: 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 13r,

14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

èa(-un qara the black hours (41r, 42r).

èa(-un sayin ma(u the good and bad auspices of the hours (8r, 50v).

723
GLOSSARY

èa(-un takil the offering of time (38v).

èa(an white: èa(an 52v, 52v, 52v; èa(an mori 4v; èa(an debel 4v, 35r; èa(an noqai 4v;

èa(an segeretü qara noqai 22r; èa(an èila(u-du bula( 22r; èa(an keg[i]ri bari¯u 23v; èa(an

¯asal 39v, 45r; èa(an baras 41r, 49r, 49r, 49r; tere ideši ereküi èa(tur èa(an üile qara bolumui

42v; èa(an qada( 50v; èa(an tosun 50v; èa(an qonin 60v; èimeg-iyen èa(an-iyar èimejü 23v;

èa(an-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü 24r.

èa(an baras the White Tiger (49r, 49r, 49r;) refers to the White Tiger of autumn, which,

together with the Red Bird of summer, the Blue Dragon of spring (köke luu), and the Black

Tortoise of winter (qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf. Stall's

Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham, 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistmaker, 113-119).

èa(an baras-un köl the leg of the white tiger, i.e., the base of the western constellation of

autumn, the White Tiger: èa(anbaras-un köl-dür mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

èa(an baras-un niru(un the back of the white tiger tiger, i.e., the heart or middle of the

western constellation of autumn, the White Tiger: èa(an baras-un niru(un mör (arbasu sayin

49r.

èa(an baras-un terigün the head of the white tiger, i.e., the head of the western

constellation of autumn, the White Tiger: èa(an baras-un terigün mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

èa(an ¯asal white treatment (39v, 45r); a white treatment is given as consisting of the

reciting of texts, while a motely treatment (ala( ¯asal) consists of the rituals of spells and

wearing charms (see Bawden SE II, 166-167).

724
GLOSSARY

èa(an üile white deeds, i.e., good deeds: tere ideši ereküi èa(tur èa(an üile qara bolumui

42v.

èai tea: èai èina(san 4v; èai qudalduèin 30r.

èai qudalduèin tea merchant (30r).

èakirma(-un èièig [Ch. lan (Mathews, 557, 3795.21); Man. šungkeri ilha]; the orchid (see

pentaglot dictionary, 15338); (a¯ar-tur èakirma(-un èièig delgeremüi 11r.

èang cymbals: èang kengger'ge deledbesü 28v, 34v, 35r.

èang kengger'ge deledbesü if one beats cymbals or drums (28v, 34v, 35r).

èarèa(-a locust; grasshopper: èarèa(-a qošiyalan dong(oddumui 14r.

èasu(n) snow: èasu ese orobasu ebül dula(an bolqu 19r; (a¯ar tal-a ödken èasun bolumui

19r.

èeng/èing – [Ch. cheng “to succeed”; (Mathews 379); Mong. bütügèi]; 9th of the twelve lords

of the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui

35v; èeng bütügèi edür 36v; èing gii edür 48v.

èerig/èereg/èireg/èirig soldier; soldiers; army: èerig mordobasu 9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 29r;

èereg mordobasu 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 61v; èireg

mordobasu 41r, 45r; èireg mordaqui 46r; èireg mordaqu edür 48v; èirig mordabasu 44r; èerig

buu morda 34v; aman-dur èirig buu morda 55r; èirig ayan mordabasu 42r; niru(un-tur èerig

ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v; èereg uduridbasu 23r, 24v; èirig uduridbasu 40r; èireg degerm-e

odbasu 31r; èireg ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu 32r; èirig degerm-e kiged do(šin üiles 40r; èereg

ba negüüdel buu od 58v; èirig-eèe busud-dur ma(u 48v; èereg-ün noyan 21v; dayisun-u èereg-

725
GLOSSARY

ün noyan 22r, 23v, 24r; dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan 21v, 24v; èereg-ün noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v;

èereg-ün noyan ükükü 40r; tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( 22v.

èerig ayan mordabasu if one sets of on a campaign or journey (42r).

èerig ba ayan aba mordabasu if one sets off on a military campaign or hung (55v).

èerig degerm-e odbasu if one goes soldiering or pillaging (31r).

èerig ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu if an army seizes the frontier (32r).

èerig mordobasu if an army sets off on campaign (9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v,

25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29r, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 41r, 44r, 45r, 61v).

èerig uduridbasu if one leads an army (23r, 24v, 40r).

èerig-ün noyan [T. dmag-dpon]; the commander of the army; a Buddhist term, one of the

Seven Jewels (see RRS, 141); èereg-ün noyan 21v; dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan 22r, 23v, 24r;

dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan 21v, 24v; èereg-ün noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v; èereg-ün noyan ükükü

40r; tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( 22v.

èerig-ün noyan sa(ul(abasu if one installs the commander of the army (22v).

èièig/èeèeg flower: (a¯ar-tur èakirma(-un èièig delgeremüi 11r; lungru neretü èièig

delgeremüi 13r; (a¯ar-dur ¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi 15r; modun èièig taribasu

35v, 36r; tariyan èièig taribasu 36v; èeèeg metü 59v.

èidker devil, demon, fiend, ghost: ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi

odun ali bui 33v; ba(ši kümün-i èidker-<y>i bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ula(èi Burnavasu buyu

33v; èidker-nu(ud-i [=èidker-nügüd-i] nomo(odqabasu 23r.

èidker-nu(ud-i [=èidker-nügüd-i] nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies èidker (demons) (23r).

726
GLOSSARY

èidköd [pl. of èidkör]; devils, demons, fiends; ghosts (Lessing, 177; cf. also Poppe 1967:

30-31, passim); tngri kümün èidköd (urba(ula èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar bui 26r; èidköd

(aši(udaqu edür 48v; èidköd-i daru- 26r, 27r, 45r; üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu 48v; èidköd-

<y>i nomo(odqabasu 34v; engküri èidköd-i nomo(odqabasu 35v; èidköd-<y>i buu daru(ul

34v.

èidköd-i darubasu if one suppresses the èidköd (demons) (26r, 27r).

èidköd-<y>i nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the èidköd (demons) (34v).

èidqumal èidqubasu if one pours a cast (16r).

èi(ta(-a rope fixed at the center of the roof-ring of a tent; for its use in ritual, see Chabros,

1992: 18; a heavenly spirit: tngri-yin èi(ta(-a-dur dalal(-a buu dalal 33v; örön-e doron-a

èi(ta(-a-dur ber'i buu ba(ul(-a 33v; tngri-yin èi(ta(-a Èista buyu 34r; örön-e doron-a-yin

èi(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r.

èi(ul- to assemble: èi(ul(an buu èi(ul 35r; èi(ulbasu 46v; èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 15r, 25v,

27v, 27v, 35r, 36v; ¯arli(-un èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 22v; eyetüldür-e èi(ulbasu 22v; naiman

ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge 20r; naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu edürün belge 20r; luus-un qad

èi(ul'qu edürün belge 20r; (a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge 20r; erketen èi(ul'qu edürün

belge 20r; ada todqor èi(ul'qu-yin na(šidar 29r; sara-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un

qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r; èi(ulqui-dur inu 38r; naiman ayima( terigüten-ü èi(ulqui qariqui

2v; naiman ayima( terigüten (a¯ar usun-u e¯id ba èi(ulqui qariqui 2v; èi(ulqui edür 38r;

Kögeler sara büküli èi(ulqui bögetele 38v; eyetün èi(ul’qui 61r; èi(ulumui 38r, 38r, 39r, 39v;

èi(ul(an inu yerü dörben ekin sarayin (urban isün-e èi(ulumui 38r; Qubi sarayin arban

727
GLOSSARY

dörben nara ur(uqui èa(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; Qoyar

sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a söni düli dörben èa(-iyan-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; 'urban

sarayin qorin qoyar-a söni-yin düli-yin urida dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui 38v; Dörben sarayin naiman šinede ör giküi-dür gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui 38v; Tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud

qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; ®ir(u(an šinede öèüken èi(ulumui 38v; Dolo(an

sarayin qorin tabun-a ör geyiküi-dür ekiner-ün ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v;

Naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara

šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; Isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman

ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; Arban sarayin arban dörben-

eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e ya(šas-un ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur

èi(ulumui 38v; Arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e erlig-üd-iyer küriyelegül¯ü

edür düli-eèe söni kürtel-e èi(ulumui 38v.

èi(ulbasu if one assembles (46v).

èi(ul(alabasu if one collects something (30v).

èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu if one assembles an assembly (15r, 25v, 27v, 27v, 35r, 36v).

èi(ul(an eyetübesü if one conducts an assembly peaceably (31v).

èigerle- to prohibit; to be prohibited; to be taboo: qabur namurun qu(us¯un ebülün tüil-ün

edür bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i èigerle 59r.

èiken ears: èiken-dür èiken terigün ülü tegüsüm 52v; èiken-dür èiken terigün ülü tegüsüm

52v

728
GLOSSARY

èimeg ornament; modun èim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü 14r; ula(an èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 21v;

qara èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 22r; qad-un èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 22r; qubèad èimeg-iyen èa(an-iyar

èimejü 23v; èimeg ¯igüküi 46r; èimeg ¯igüküi amurling(ui üiles 61r.

èinadus [pl. of èinadu]; adversaries, enemies (obs.): èinadus-un dayisun 22r.

èinar quality; essence; nature: (anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar 1v; (al èinar 21v; (al-un

èinar 22v, 45v; usun-u èinar 22r, 45v; usun èinar 22v; modun èinar 23r; temür-ün èinar 23v;

key-yin èinar 23v, 45v; široy-yin èinar 24r, 45v, 61r.

èindarala- to blaze, sparkle, glitter; (in this context of plants); the grass called cinders will

sparkle, i.e. bloom (DO, 706); èo( neretü ebesün èindaralamui 16r.

èing [see also under èeng]; firm: èing böged ¯ögelen obo(-tan 61v.

èing böged ¯ögelen obo( the firm but gentle clan: Kerteg Šuša( qoyar èing

böged ¯ögelen obo(-tan buyu 61v.

èingbatu obo( the unshakeable clan: Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden

dörben odun èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r.

Èinglegüür-ün ger the Balance; Libra; the 9th sign of the zodiac: naran Èinglegüür-ün

gertür oro(san 16r.

èinu-a wolf; lubin; werewolf; for the pervasiveness of wolves as demons, see de Santillana,

278; erlig-ün èinu-a güikü na(šidar 28r; gara(-ud-un èinu-a 39v; èinu-a-yin kimusun-i

bul(ura(ulu(èi 33r, 33v.

èirai face: nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün 22r; köke èirai-du kümün 22r, 23v, 24v.

729
GLOSSARY

Èista [S. Jyes}t}h~]; one of the nakshatra: Èista 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 53r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u terigün

Èista sar-a 12r; Èista na(šidar 29v; o(tar(ui-dur Èista na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r; tngri-yin

èi(ta(-a Èista buyu 34r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Èista [. . .] sayin 37v; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede

dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v Anurad Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden

altan bui 61r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu [. . .] Èista [. . .] sayin 48v; bièig

to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu. [. . .] Èista [. . .] sayin 56v; Bus

Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin 56v; Ardar Asli(

Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui. ¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v; dörben belbesün odun kemebesü

Kerteg Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan kiged buyu 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden

dörben odun qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

The appearance of its three stars is like the antelope king (29v); ", F, J Scorpionis.

èisun blood: qong keriy-e ugiyaqui èisun oromui 9r; èisun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu 17r;

èisun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v.

èo( neretü ebesün ?cinder grass; èo( neretü ebesün èindaralamui 16r.

èo(o[l](-a kibesü if one makes an opening (42v)

èo(tu [S. çrî; Tib. dpal (ldan)]; auspicious, blessed, holy: èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a bui

20r; arban qoyar sarayin èo(tu edür 47r; èo(tu yeke ¯a(an-dur tariyan buu tari 33v; èo(tu

yeke ¯a(an Mig buyu 34r.

730
GLOSSARY

èoga [Tib. èo-ga]; the way or method of doing a thing, esp. used of magic performances

(Jäschke, 161); luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü 22r; ugiyaqui èoga üiledbesü 31r; èoga kibesü

32r; tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü 30v; èoga-yin üile 45v.

èoga kibesü if one makes a magical performance (32r).

èoga-yin üile works of magical performance (45v).

èola ögbesü if one gives a title (8r).

èöb evil; calamity: èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara mör tögerekü 4r.

èögebüri/¯ögebüri jackal; refers to Sirius, Chinese tianlang/t’ien-lang; known in Chinese

lore as the governor of the Tibetan people; (Schlegel, 1967: 430; Schafer 1977: 53): ula(an

¯ögebüri qaškiraqu 27v; qaškirqui èögebüri odun 59r; miqaèi èögebüri-yin odun 59r.

èuèa( [Tib. chu-tshags, 1. sieve; 2. watering pot (Jäschke, 158)]; star spirit, “geomantic

spirit,” (TEDP, 129-132): èuèa( kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49v.

èu(la(ul- to gather: em èu(la(ulbasu 22r.

èungla(ul- to gather: em buu èungla(ul 35r; em èungla(ulbasu 21v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v,

31v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 45v; em ¯asal èungla(ulbasu 35v.

èuquyi- to protrude; sprout: šin-e nabèi èuquyiqui-dur šinelemüi 3r.

èuu [Ch. jian/chien, “to remove; purify,” (Mathews 853); Mong. aril(a(èi]; 2nd of the

twelve lords of the day): Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi.

kemen ungšimui 35v; èuu aril(a(èi edür 35v.

èün/èun [Ch. chun “spring” (Mathews, 1493 [p. 211])]; èün ¯un bolbasu 6r; qoyitu on li

èun 7r.

731
GLOSSARY

èün ¯un [Ch. chun “spring” (Mathews, 1493 [p. 211])] and Ch. zhong “middle” (Mathews,

1504 [p. 213])]; the middle of spring, i.e., the vernal equinox; èün ¯un bolbasu 6r.

dabqur ger multi-storied building: dabqur ger baribasu 43v.

dabqur ger baribasu if one builds a multi-storied building (43v).

dabqur seèig a pair of flowers: dabqur seèig metü 59v.

dada qan [Ch. tianhuang dadi/t’ien-huang ta-di]; Emperor Dada; a Chinese asterism

comprising one star, Polaris, the North Pole; known as the central palace of heaven and ruler

of the sky (Schlegel, 1967: 523; Staal, 1984: 126; Allred, 2002: 117); the pole star commonly

referred to in Mongolian as Altan (adasu (the golden spike) (TU, 1991: 896): dada qan

kemekü edür mör (arbasu ma(u 49v.

da(a(ulbasu if one reduces another to submission (53v).

da(un 1. sound; call, i.e., of an animal; news; 2. unit of time = 1.6 seconds: eng terigün

gšan kiged nige da(un kemekü qoyar ¯üil buyu 5r; eng terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-

ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu. tegün-lu(-a [=tegün-lüge] nigen

da(un (arqui inu saèu(u-yin tula 5r; nigen da(un (arumui 5r; tegüber ¯iran da(un nigen

möèe 5r; meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r; üge da(un bolqu 50r, 52v; üge da(un

uèaram 52v.

dagini [S. d}~kin§; Tib. mkha’ ‘gro ma (skywalker)]; a class of female spirits, prominent in

Buddhist tantras (Lessing, 1167) there are five d}~kin§: 1. Bajar dagini = Vajra (thunderbolt)

d}~kin§; 2. Radn-a dagini = Ratna (jewel) d}~kin§; 3. Badm-a dagini = Padma (lotus) d}~kin§;

4. Garm-a dagini = Karma (action) d}~kin§; and 5. Buda dagini = Buddha (wisdom) d}~kin§;

732
GLOSSARY

cf. Beyer, 45; ODT 44, 53; Loewe and Blacker, eds., 1981, 23: Bajar dagini 49v; Radn-a

dagini 49v; Badm-a dagini 49v; Garm-a dagini 49v; Buda dagini 49v; Bajar dagini-yin

ündüsün 3r; tabun dagini-yin mör (arqu edür-<y>i ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 49v.

dala(n) seventy: qorin nasun-aèa önggerebesü dalan nasulayu 61v.

dalai ocean; sea: matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; ¯a(ur-a usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u

17r.

dalal(-a a beckoning gesture inviting prosperity; a shamanistic-Buddhistic ceremony of

“inviting prosperity,” (Lessing, 224); see also Chabros: dalal(-a dalalbasu 22r, 24r, 25r, 25r,

25v, 26v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 45r; dalal(-a buu

dalal 33v; dalal(-a abubasu 29r.

dalal(-a abubasu if one receives the beckoning gesture inviting prosperity; dalal(-a

abubasu 29r.

dalal(-a dalalbasu if one beckons the beckoning gesture inviting prosperity; if one beckons

fortune; this refers to a shamanistic-Buddhistic ceremony of “inviting prosperity,” (Lessing,

224); see also Chabros; dalal(-a dalalbasu 22r, 24r, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r,

29v, 30r, 30r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 45r; dalal(-a buu dalal 33v.

dalu(n) scapula; shoulder-bone: dalun-dur maši sayin bolumui 52r.

dan [Ch. dui (Mathews, 6560)]; one of the eight trigrams; dan-dur ucira(san beri kümün-ü

yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r.

dandris/dand’ris [S. tantra; Tib. rgyud; Mong. ündüsün]; tantra; see Lessing, 1191:

Manjušari-aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; burqan-u nomla(san

733
GLOSSARY

sudur dand’ris kiged ilang(uy-a Èa(-un kürdün 2r; Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris-dur

nomlar-un 2r; dand’ris-tur nomlar-un 37v.

darasun wine: nara Qumqan-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu

bolumui 8r; darasun iskebesü 23r, 23v; darasun idegen uèaram 50r; darasun idegen-dür

uèiraqu 58r; darusun uu(ubasu 57r.

darasun iskebesü if one ferments wine (23r, 23v).

darusun uu(ubasu if one drinks wine (57r).

daru- to suppress, crush, i.e., an enemy or demon; to press down: dayisun darubasu 21v;

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi ¯irubasu darubasu 27v; dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-yi

qabtasun-dur bièi¯ü yabuqu mör-dür talbi¯u ¯egün köl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu

24r; èidköd-i darubasu 26r, 27r; üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu 48v; öèügüked-ün eliy-e(-yi)

darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v, 31v; eliy-e(-yi) darubasu 29r, 32r, 41r; dayisun-u èereg-ün

noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bièi¯ü (al-dur tüleged isün adqu široi isün aya(-a usun-iyar sönöge¯ü

daru(ad suu ¯ali-yu(an takiju örön-e ¯üg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 22r; dayisun-u noyan-u

ner-e-yi ¯iru¯u(aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dürü¯ü usun-dur daru(ad örön-e ¯üg èereg uduridbasu

dayisun-i daruyu 23r; dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-yi bièi¯ü dolo(an alqu (a¯ar-a isün

doboèa( široi door-a daru(ad 23v; dayisun-i daru(ad 25v; dayisun(-i) daruqu üiles 23v, 26r,

29r, 31r, 42v; dayisun-i daruqu 45r; èidköd-i daruqu 45r; nigen em-e isün er-e-yi daruqu odun

59r; dayisun-i daruqui üiles 46r; dayisun-i daruyu 22r, 22r, 23r, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24r, 24v,

24v, 29r; dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 22r; bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu tere daruyu 22v.

734
GLOSSARY

daru(ul- [caus. of daru-]; 1. to cause to suppress, e.g., a demon; 2. to repeat, e.g., a

blessing; see Mostaert, MMAD, 65, note 132; Mostaert, DO, 124b, 406b (under jusu): èidköd-

<y>i buu daru(ul 34v; adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v; daru(ulqui-yin üiles 35v.

darui immediately: darui oldayu 28v; qa(an sonosu(ad uridu yosu(ar darui takil-<y>i

beledèü 32v; dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 22r; darui-dur eribesü oldayu 30v; dalal(-a dalalbasu

darui-dur qoor qomsa boluyu 34r; qur-a orobasu darui-tur oroqu 61v.

dayang [Ch. dayang/ta-yang]; the sun; the yang principle (Lessing 1951: 158); while

Chinese taiyang refers to the sun, the reference here is to an asterism, dayang, so named

because it marks the path of the sun (Schlegel, 1967: 113, 818-819, nn. 365-369); see also the

Mongolian star naran (TU, 903): dayang kemekü edür mör (arbasu ma(u 49v.

dayisun [Tib. nad-dgra]; enemy: èisun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu 17r; dayisun darubasu

21v; dayisun daruqu üiles 31r; dayisun esergü ire- 22r, 24r, 24v; köbegün töröbesü dayisun

olan bolu(ad 28v; ese sana(san (ajar-aèa dayisun bolqu 42v; dayisun ¯ol(aqu 49v, 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v, 50v; dayisun uèaraqu 49v; dayisun bolqu 50v; nigen kümün ki¯a(ar dayisun daru(èi

odun 59r; dayisun-a ¯ol(a- 34v, 50v, 60v; èinadus-un dayisun-dur odbasu 22r; dayisun-dur

¯ol(o-/¯ol(a- 27r, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 34v, 49v, 50v; dayisun-i esergü ireküi-tür 21v, 23r, 23v;

dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 21v; dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r; dayisun-i daru- 22r, 22r, 23r,

23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25v, 29r, 45r, 46r; dayisun-i daruqu üiles 23v, 26r, 29r, 42v;

dayisun-i kesegeküi mandal egüdbesü 31v; dayisun-i qari(ulun èidamu 32v; dayisun-lu(-a

(adquldubasu 29v, 32r; dayisun-lu(-a buu (adquldu 34r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün

sayin 48v; dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; dayisun-u noyan 23r; dayisun-u

735
GLOSSARY

ner-e-yi bièibesü sayin 27r; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi ¯irubasu 27v, 32r; dayisun-u

qariyal qari(ulbasu 27v; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal abubasu 27v; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u]

ayul bolqu 46r; Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; dayisun-u qotan

bal(asun-i quriyaqui 61v.

dayisun darubasu if one suppresses an enemy (21v).

dayisun esergü irebesü if one goes against an enemy (22r).

dayisun-a ¯ol(abasu if one meets an enemy (34v, 60v).

dayisun-dur ¯ol(obasu if one meets an enemy (27r, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 34v).

dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the enemy (22r),

dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu if one fights with an enemy (29v, 32r).

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal abubasu if one takes an enemy’s possessions or livestock

(27v).

dayisun-u ner-e-yi bièibesü if one writes the name of an enemy (27r).

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi ¯irubasu if one writes the name of an enemy (27v, 32r).

dayisun-u qariyal qari(ulbasu if one replies to an enemy’s curse (27v).

dayiwang tayiqu [?Ch. daiwang; Ch. taihu/t’ai-hou (Mathews, 6020.a.10)]; ?empress

Daiwang: dayiwang tayiqu 53r; beri-yin dörben šilmus kemebesü dayiqu šitügen eke. lii külil

tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52r.

deb phase; stage: qoyar deb-dür edür söni saèu(uu bolu(san 6r; tere èa(-tur qoyar deb-dür

edür söni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r.

736
GLOSSARY

debel robe, caftan: šin-e debel emüs- 4v, 21v, 28v, 56r; debil [=debel] emüsküi 46r; èa(an

debel emüsügsen 4v; èereg-ün noyan ula(an debel emüsèü 21v; debel ba ger ed'kebesü 35r;

debel ed'kebesü 22v, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v,

30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v; debel eskebesü 23v,

25r, 29r, 30r; debel eskeküi 55v; šin-e debel abubasu 25r; debel ed'kebesü emüsbesü 31r; šin-e

debel ¯okiyabasu 32r; debel tülebesü 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r; debil x 58r; debel

qulu(an-a qa¯abasu 57r; debel tülebesü qa¯ibasu 58r, 58r; debel qayabasu 58r; šin-e debel buu

eske buu emüs 34r; ula(an debel buu ed’ke buu emüs 34r; ula(an altatu debel buu emüs buu

ed'ke 34v; eriyen debel buu ed'ke. buu emüs 34v; no(o(an debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 34v,

35v; qa(uèin debel buu tan-a 34v; qara debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 34v, 35r; qas debel buu

ed'ke buu emüs 35r; šara debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r; ala( debel buu ed’ke buu emüs 35r;

èa(an debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r; debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r; beri-yin

maqabud-un öngge-yin debel emüsteküi 52r; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin 55v; debel

emüskü sayin edür 56r; ula(an debeltü kümün 4v; öèim ula(an debeltü 22v; nökögesün

debeltü köke èarai-du ba nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün 22r.

debel ba ger ed'kebesü if one cuts out material for a robe or tent (35r).

debel ed'kebesü if one tailors a robe; G. Kara in Asiatische Forschungen VI, shows that

edke- is written in the the pre-classical calendar fragments from Turfan for classical eske-.

Thus, he translates, "if one cuts out the material for a cloak" (Kara 1984: 348); the same form

is found throughout the Turfan calendar fragments. See also Haenisch, H. Franke, and

Cerensodnom and Taube; as Mostaert notes, the form is sometimes written in the manual as

737
GLOSSARY

edeke- (MMAD, 20, #57); debel ed'kebesü 22v, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v,

28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v,

37r, 46v.

debel ed'kebesü emüsbesü if one tailors a robe or wears one (31r).

debel eskebesü if one tailors a robe; eske- is the classical form of pre-classical edke- (see

Kara, 1984: 348); debel eskebesü 23v, 25r, 29r, 30r; debel eskeküi 55v.

debel qayabasu if one discards a robe (58r).

debel qulu(an-a qa¯abasu if one’s robe is bitten by a mouse (57r).

debel tülebesü if one burns a robe (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r)

debel tülebesü qa¯ibasu if one’s robe is burned or bitten (58r, 58r).

debisker [Tib. gding-ba]; a small rug; a variegated rug is the symbol of the day the gods

and demons battle; the square black rug is this symbol of the day the graha (planets) run in

search of food; cf. RRS, 452; tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; ala(

debeskir bui 43r; gara( ideši erikü edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v; dörbeljin qara

debesker ene bui 44r.

debür roof: debür büribesü 42r.

debür büribesü if one covers a roof (42r).

degde- to fly up: salbarun ¯ul¯a(an degde¯ü nisümüi 12r šir(ol¯i terigüten amitan degde¯ü

o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r.

deged doorad ügülegèi em-e kümün a prattling woman (22r).

738
GLOSSARY

degedü higher; highest, supreme, noble, sublime, eminent: degedü medekü-yin nigülesküi

usun bari(èid 1v; degedü amu(ulang 38r; degedü amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(èid 1v;

degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal 3r; degedü merged-ün ta(alal 4r; degedü töröl 22r, 29r, 30r;

degedü Uma neretü (adasun 32v; degedü šidi olqu 38r; degedü qa(an 39v; degedü beri 52r.

degedüs [pl. of degedü] ancestors; saints; see Chabros 1992: 37; ma(ad degedüs-ün ¯erge-

dür oroqu 24r; degedüs-<y>i kündülebesü 30r, 34r; degedüs-<y>i takiqui 61r.

degedüs-<y>i kündülebesü if one respects the saints (30r, 34r).

degelbür felt covering of the upper part of a ger: degelbür talbibasu 44v.

degelbür talbibasu if one places the felt covering on the upper part of the tent (46v).

degerem/degerm-e robbery; banditry; pillaging; violence: degerem qula(ayièi 4v;

degerem qula(ai yabubasu 34r; degerme odbasu 29v; degerm-e odbasu 35r; èireg degerm-e

odbasu 31r; èirig degerm-e kiged do(šin üiles 40r; degirm-e [=degerm-e] qula(ai odqui ba

buliyan qula(ay-u [=yin] üiles 46r; degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui 61v; degerem-e odbasu 25v.

degerem qula(ayièi robber; bandit (4v).

degerem qula(ai yabubasu if one goes to pillage or steal (34r).

degerme odbasu if one goes to pillage (25v, 29v, 35r).

degerükei superior; haughty:

degerükei sedkilten haughty-minded ones (28v).

degür- to be full; to wax, i.e., of the moon: sar-a-yi ali na(šidar inu ekilekü degürkü ba.

bara(daqui medekü kereg 4v; sara degürküi bara(daqui-yi medegdeküi 4r; bey-e inu (urban

tib-i degürümüi 55r.

739
GLOSSARY

degüreng sang ?full treasury: degüreng sang mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

degüü younger sibling, relative or companion: degüü 51v, 51v; aqa degüü 26r; aqa degüü

qoyar 25v, 26r, 30r.

deled- to beat, pound, strike: bal(asun deledbesü 25v, 34r, 35r; šarid deledbesü 28v, 30v;

èang kenggerge deledbesü 28v, 34v, 35r; küriy-e deledbesü 31v; qota deledbesü 32r; sasa

deledbesü 42r.

ding 1. [Ch. ding/ting (Mathews 6381)]; the 4th Heavenly stem; 2. [Ch. ding/ting (Mathews

6393); Mong. to(ta(èi]; to make stable; 5th of the twelve lords of the day (see Mostaert

MMAD, 21, #61): ding 52r; ding šim yile 7v; ding šim edür 7v; ding taulai sara 7v; ding

taulai èa( 7v; ding mo(ai sara 7v; ding mo(ai èa( 7v; ding qonin sara 7v; ding qonin èa( 7v;

ding takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a èa( 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai èa( 7v; ding üker

sara 7v; ding üker èa( 7v; bing ding 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r; Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing.

ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v; ding to(ta(èi edür 36r.

diyan/dayan [S. dhyâna]; meditation, contemplation: diyan-u üile üiledbesü 31r; öber-ün

dayan-u küèün yeke bögesü ber em-e köbegün kiged. ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu

39r.

diyan-u üile üiledbesü if one performs meditation rites (31r).

doboèa( heap, mound: isün doboèa( široi door-a daru(ad 23v.

dobtul- to attack, charge: morin buu dobtul 33v, 34r; morin dobtulbasu 22v, 23v, 30v, 31v,

35r.

740
GLOSSARY

do(alang eremdeg kümün a crippled person (23v); do(olang yerimdeg [=¯eremdeg] a(sad

(a¯ar 24r.

do(šid [S. raudra; Tib. drag gshed/drag po]; the ferocious or ruthless ones; Buddhas or

Bodhisattvas who guard the external world. They are terrible in appearance. There are many

of them but eight or nine principle ones; see Lessing, 1167, RRS, 90, 402-403, 418; do(šid-un

üile(s) 25r, 28r, 29r, 30v, 32r, 34v, 35v; do(šid-un sedkil (angqui na(šidar 29v; do(šid-un

tarni uribasu 34v.

do(šid-un tarni uribasu if one recites the dhâranî of the fearsome ones (34v).

do(šid-un üile(s) rites of the fearsome ones (25r, 28r, 29r, 30v, 32r, 34v, 35v); these rites,

in their elaborate form, did not begin in Mongolia earlier than the 1870s; for a description of

the Mongolian do(šid services, see RRS, 417-443.

do(šin violent, fearsome: do(šin edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r; baling do(šin

güikü edür; baling do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v; saran-lu(-a edür

qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin 39v; baling do(šin

qami(-a 40r, 41r; do(šin üile(s) 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 41v, 45r, 61v; aliba do(šin qata(uu

üiles 45r; do(šin gara( 43r; 'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar

bui. do(šin gara( kememüi 22v; ginggang kemebesü nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( 42v;

gara(-ud-un do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v; do(šin qariyal kikü 42v; do(šin kereg kibesü 45r;

Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v;

köbegün töröbesü qata(uu do(šin aburitu 61v; tere maši qata(uu do(šin-u tulada.

¯ayila(daqui 43r.

741
GLOSSARY

do(šin edür the fearsome day: do(šin edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r.

do(šin gara( fearsome planet: do(šin gara( 43r; 'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara(

büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar bui. do(šin gara( kememüi 22v; ginggang kemebesü nara sara

bari(èi do(šin gara( 42v; gara(-ud-un do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v.

do(šin qariyal a fearsome curse: do(šin qariyal kikü 42v.

do(šin kereg a fearsome implement: do(šin kereg kibesü 45r.

do(šin kereg kibesü if one makes a fearsome implement (45r).

do(šin üile(s) fearsome deeds, rites: 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 41v, 45r, 61v.

dolo(an seven: dolo(an 56v; nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür

düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u

següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür

düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-

<y>i medegdeküi tegüsbe 6r; Dolo(an (sar-a) 14r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 56v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur

Dolo(an sar-a 14r; qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u uèaral-

un sayin ma(u-[y]i üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r; dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün

50v; dolo(an odun 59v; dolo(an ba ese bögesü isün qono(-tu oldayu 23r; dolo(an edür-e

oldayu 27r, 29v; dolo(an edür-dü oldayu 29v; dolo(an edür oldayu 31r; ene dolo(an edür

(a¯ar köndebesü gemügei 58v; dolo(an alqu (a¯ar-a 23v; dolo(an kümün 29r; adu(usun

¯ibqarabasu doron-a ¯üg-ün dolo(an kümün qula(u¯u amu 27r; doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u

742
GLOSSARY

dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r; emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un dolo(an na(šidar anu tegüsbe

29r; örön-e ¯üg-ün altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegüsbe 31r; umara ¯üg-ün usun-u dolo(an

na(šidar tegüsbe 32r; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan

ede dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar 45v; Kerteg Barani Šuša(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig

Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v; Ašivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margišar

Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v; dolo(an orong(-a-du

tama(-a-dur sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v; dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu]tama(-a

Udarisad buyu 34r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui 44v; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui 45r; šim[n]us-un ila(u(san

dolo(an edür 45r; dolo(an dolo(an isün isün-e ma(u 53r; dolo(an öl¯eyitü bayan odun 59r;

dolo(an šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 40r, 41v,

43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v; ¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-

a dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi 8r; šinein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r; dolo(an-a 56r; dörben dumdadu

sarayin (urban dolo(an-a èi(ulumui 38r; yerü (urban dolo(an-a beri buu ab 51v; dolo(anta

qa[š]k[i]rèu 21v; ¯egün köl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu 24r.

dolo(an gara(/odun the seven “wandering” stars, i.e., Sun, Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus,

Jupiter, Saturn; the week: qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u

uèaral-un sayin ma(u-[y]i üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r; dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an

743
GLOSSARY

to(ola[(]daqui 24v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün

50v; dolo(an odun 59v.

dolo(an ¯a(un qorin seven hundred twenty: dolo(an ¯a(un qorin èa( bui 33r.

dolo(an odun [see under dolo(an gara(]

dolo(an qubi-tu modun the pole with seven portions, i.e., the gnomon. the gnomon

referred to in the manual measures the “common” unit of 30 qubi per day; see Stone, 1981:

181-183; For a further description of the gnomon see Needham (1959): 284; nara emüneši

odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a

bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara

umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei

bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i medegdeküi tegüsbe 6r.

Dolo(an (sar-a) the seventh month (14r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 56v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an

sar-a 14r).

dolo(an šin-e the seventh day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v; ¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi 8r; šinein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r).

dong(od- to call, cry, sing, make sound, i.e., of animals: Luu sara mön-ü tula. belge inu

a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r; ¯a(ur-a kökeg[e] šiba(un dong(oddumui 11r;

èarèa(-a qošiyalan dong(oddumui 14r.

dooridu ma(u kümün a bad lowly person (5r).

744
GLOSSARY

dorm-a/rdovarm-a/rdovarma/rdovrma/dovrm-a [S. bali; Tib. gtor ma “strewing-

oblation, an offering brought to malignant demons, either as a kind of exorcism or as an

appeasing gift, in order to prevent their evil influence upon man,” (Jäschke, 210a)]; they are

made of barley flour and decorated with intricate designs (Beyer 1973: 24); dorm-a a(urbasu

23v, 27v; dorm-a o(orbasu 29v, 31v; rdovarm-a a(urbasu 35v; dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu

41r; rdovrma duvngli kibesü 47r; rdovarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r; yasun ba rdovarma

(ar(abasu 55v.

[dorm-a a(urbasu] if one abandons a dorma; dorm-a a(urbasu 23v, 27v, 29v, 31v, 35v

[dorm-a dungli] (ar(abasu if one sets out a thread-cross; dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu 41r,

47r

[dorm-a dungli] kibesü if one makes a thread-cross; rdovrma duvngli kibesü 47r.

doro(ši downward: doro(ši qandu(san (adusun 39r; naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün

belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san

erdini bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 45r; šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši

qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; qariqui edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r;

tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge doro(ši qandu(san qara sara bui 20v; doro(ši

qandu(san jindamuni 45r.

doron-a/dörön-e/dorona east: doron-a 8r, 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9r, 9v,

9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 13v,13v, 13v, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17r, 17v, 17v, 17v,

745
GLOSSARY

17v, 17v, 18r, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 50r, 50r, 54r,

54r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 58v/dörön-e 13v, 40r/dorona 60v; doron-a örön-e 18v; örön-e

doron-a 33v; doron-a ¯üg 23r, 24v, 25v, 27r, 27r, 27r, 28v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; doron-a-

aèa örön-e ¯üg güimüi 42r; örön-e doron-a-yin èi(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r.

doron-a emün-e southeast: 8r, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 12v, 13v, 15r, 16r, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19r, 30v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 55;

doron-a emün-e ¯üg 25r.

doron-a umara northeast: 10r, 13v, 14r, 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v/dörön-e

umara 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v; umara doron-a 8v, 8v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 24v, 40r, 40r, 40v, 54r/umara dörön-e 40r.

doto(adu ordo internal palace; the northern circumpolar stars; in China, India and ancient

Mesopotamia the sky is divided into three divisions, outer, middle, and inner, the middle

being the stars of the ecliptic, outer, the stars south of the ecliptic; and inner, the northern and

circumpolar stars (Needham, v. 3, 1959: 242-243, 255-257); a binary division of the sky is

also found, in which the “inner palace” refers to the stars beyond the twenty-eight lunar

mansions (Ch. xiu); this again indicates the northern circumpolar stars (Allred, 2002: 12;

Needham, v. 3, 1959: 242-243); the inner palace is also represented by specific constellations,

the six stars of gouzhen (angular arranger, in Ursa Minor, Camelopardalis, and Cepheus), nine

stars of wei (the tail, the 6th xiu) and four stars of ji (the basket, the 7th xiu [Ho 1966: 67, 97-

98]): doto(adu ordo mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

746
GLOSSARY

doto(adu to(-a internal mathematics, one of the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external,

internal and secret, according to the Kâlacakratantra (cf. Cornu, 25-26): (ada(adu doto(adu

ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v.

döèin dolo(an forty-seven: önggeregsen döèin dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bögesü tere

sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v; döèin dolo(an on-du saban

ügei bögesü uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v.

dörbel¯in square: gara( ideši erikü edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v; (a¯ar-un

noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in bui 20v; belge inu dörbeljin qara

debesker ene bui 44r; belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in 44r; dörbel¯in küri odun 59r.

dörben four: dörben 27r, 38r, 39v; nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben

qono( tasuraqui 3v; nigen èa(tur naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; qulu(an-a

èa(-un uridu dörben möèe mön edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; qoyitu dörben möèi mana(ar-un

edür-dü (ada(adu bui 6v; dörben šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14r, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v; šinein dörben 44v; arban

dörben 3v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r, 39v, 40v, 40v, 41v,

47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56v; qorin dörben 6r, 6v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 39v, 41v, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 55v; (uèin

dörben 8r, 12r, 14r, 18r; Dörben sar-a 11r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur. Dörben

sar-a 11r; dörben kümün 27r, 31r; dörben odun 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 61r; dörben odun-u

düri inu jindamuni metü bui 28v; dörben odun-u düri a(ula metü 29r; dörben odun-u düri inu

747
GLOSSARY

segül metü bui 30r; dörben odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v; dörben odun-u düri

vaèir metü bui 31r; dörben ekin sara 38r; dörben terigün sara 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r; dörben

dumdadu sara 38r, 41v, 48r, 49r; dörben dumda sara 48v; dörben eèüs sara 38r, 41v, 48r, 48v,

49r; qoyar sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a söni düli dörben èa(-iyan-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui

38v; dörben šimnus-ud 38v; dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar

¯okiyasu(ai 45r; qulu(an-a üker-lu(-a Nara Saran 'al Široi ede dörben odun uèarabasu

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ayul bolqu 46r; dörben dörben ma(u 48v; dörben ¯obkis 54r, 54r;

dörben ¯obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v; beri-yin dörben šilmus 52r; qa(aèiltu dörben edür anu

59r; dörben èa(-un a(ur oroqu-yin uridu nigen edür bolai 59v; dörben ür-e tasura(san odun

kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar. Abaji Barani qoyar buyu 61r; dörben tan odun kemebesü

Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r; dörben belbesün odun kemebesü Kerteg

Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan kiged buyu 61r; Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun

dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden

dörben odun èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun

qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v; dörben terigün odun-dur adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v; dörben

eèüs odun-dur qutu( ülü oroši(ulqu bui 61v; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu qoyarba dörben ba

ba(ura(san bandi bombo qoyar-un nigen köbegün oroldun qula(uyu 24v; dörben-e 38r, 55v,

56r; arban sarayin arban dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e 38v; önör dörben-dü kümün 24v.

dörben belbesün odun the four widow stars: dörben belbesün odun kemebesü Kerteg

Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan kiged buyu 61r.

748
GLOSSARY

dörben èa( the four times, i.e., the four kalpas, kalpa of formation, continuance, decline

and disintegration; cf. DBT,118; these, as the twelve sitün barildaqui, are derived from the

horoscope; arban ¯ir(u(an-a söni düli dörben èa(-iyan-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui, 38v;

dörben èa(-un a(ur oroqu-yin uridu nigen edür bolai 59v.

dörben dumda/dumdadu sara the four middle months of the year: 38r, 41v, 48r, 48v,

49r.

dörben eèüs sara the final four months of the year (38r, 41v, 48r, 48v, 49r).

dörben ekin sara the first four months; cf. also dörben terigün sara (38r).

dörben ¯obkis the four ordinal directions, i.e., southwest, northwest, northeast, southeast

(54r, 54r; dörben ¯obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v).

dörben kürdün obo( the four-wheels clan: Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun

dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r.

dörben maqabud the four elements, i.e., earth, air, fire and water: dörben maqabud-un

sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar ¯okiyasu(ai 45r.

Dörben sar-a the fourth month (11r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur. Dörben sar-a

11r).

dörben šimnus-ud the four demons (šimnus-ud): 1. those of heaven which instigate

lasciviousness; 2. those of the body which bring ignorance; 3. those of the spirit which cause

anger; and 4. those of the king of death which promote avarice (RRS, 645): 38v.

749
GLOSSARY

dörben šin-e the fourth day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14r, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v; šinein dörben 44v).

dörben tan odun ?the four tan nakshatra (indicating significance for those of rank, to

whom tan is used as an honorific): dörben tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar

Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r.

dörben terigün sara the first four months; cf. also dörben ekin sara: 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r.

dörben ür-e tasura(san odun the four stars that cut off descendants: dörben ür-e

tasura(san odun kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar. Abaji Baraniqoyar buyu 61r.

dötüger fourth: dötüger arban qoyar ¯ilün sayin ma(u-yi ügülesügei 34r.

dula(an warm: (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur öèüken oromui 8r; (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur

oromui 9r; (a¯ar-dur dula(an-u tegši oromui 10r; arban dörben-e èasu ese orobasu ebül

dula(an bolqu 19r.

dumda middle; fair: dumda 53r, 56v, 61v; tere gara( tegüs inu sayin. meküs inu dumda

24v; önüèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar bui 27r; dumda büküi-yi

to(orin yabu(èi odun 32v; Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a Taulai edür dumda amui 42r; (urban

sayin (urban dumda. (urban eèüs 46r; Usun Modun Altan ede edüd sayin. Saran odun dumda

'al Široi odun èirig-eèe busud-dur ma(u 48v; süèing kemekü edür mör (arbasu dumda 49v;

gem-ügei dumda 49v, 49v, 49v; dumda sayin 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 52v, 52v, 54r; meküs dumda

52v; ede dumda beri bui. okin törömüi 52r.

dumdadu middle: qaburun dumdadu sara 4r; Èa(-un kürdün-dür qaburun dumdadu

Jayitari sara 3r, 10r; tariyaèin-dur qaburun dumdadu sara 8r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur

750
GLOSSARY

qaburun dumdadu sara 9r; Qulu(an-a Morin ¯il-e qaburun dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41rl ¯un-u

dumdadu sar-a 4r; tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u

dumdadu sar-a 12r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 13r; Taulai

Takiy-a ¯il-e ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; namurun dumdadu sara 4r, 56v; tariyaèin-dur

namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r; Enedk[e]g-

ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun dumdadu Ašivani sara 16r; namurun dumdadu

ügegüregülegèi 41r; ebülün dumdadu sara 4r, 5v; tariyaèin-dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 17r;

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 18r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün

dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r; ebülün dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara bui 41r; Široi odun kemebesü

dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( 24r; dörben dumdadu sara 38r, 48r, 48v; dörben

dumdadu sarayin niru(u-i qara 41r; dörben dumdadu sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r.

dungli/duvngli [Tib. mdos]; a cross formed of two small sticks, the ends of which are

connected with colored strings, and used in various magic ceremonies (Jäschke, 274a; SE II,

176-198; RRS, 356; Nebesky-Wojkowitz 1950: 65-87): dungli (ar(abasu 22r; rdovarma

dungli (ar(abasu 47r; dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu 41r; rdovrma duvngli kibesü 47r.

dungli (ar(abasu if one sets out a thread cross (22r).

dusul [Tib. thig le; S. bindu]; drop; essential drops of energy; cf. Lessing, 1167; Cornu, 29-

30; 1. a unit of time = 24 minutes; dusul-iyar to(alaqui 5r; bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin

¯a(uraki-yi to(ala¯u (urban ¯a(un ¯iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5v; nigen qubi-dur

nigen dusul 5v; 2. a unit of matter; yirtinèü-deki dusul terigüten-i èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi

16r; 3. a symbol, attribute; ginggang güikü edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v; belge

751
GLOSSARY

inu qoyar qara dusul bui 43r; baling do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v;

belge inu nigen ula(an dusul bui 40r; öèüken qara edürün belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v;

belge ene qara dusul 41v; qo(osun edürün belge (urban qara dusul bui 20v; belge inu (urban

qara dusul ene bui 46v; (uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v; belge

inu ala( dusul bui 43v.

dügürügèi [Ch. man, “full,” (Mathews 4326)]; the one that fills; 3rd of the twelve lords of

the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi

tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; man dügürügèi edür

36r.

Dülb-a the Vinaya section of the Kanjur; see RRS, 677; Dülb-a-yin yosu 3v.

düli middle; middle of the day or night, i.e., noon or midnight: nara emüneši odqui eèüs-

dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju

ü¯ebesü dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara umar-a ¯üg

odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui

6r; edür düli 24v, 39r, 39r, 40r; èerig mordobasu edür düli morda 23r; söni düli 38v, 38v, 39r,

39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r; edür söni düli 42r, 42v, 42v; Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai

Šuša( Anurad Udarisad Abaji Širvan Tanis Ašivani ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin:

Ardar Mig ma(u. busu odun düli bui 56r; edür düli-dür qarimui 39r; edür düli-eèe söni kürtel-

e èi(ulumui 38v; èereg mordobasu söni düli-yin urida morda 24r; (urban sarayin qorin qoyar-

a söni-yin düli-yin urida dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v.

752
GLOSSARY

düng¯i [Ch. dong zhi]; the winter solstice (Mathews, 6603 [p. 963]); nara emüneši odqui

eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür 6r; basa düng¯i bolbasu ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe

qoyin-a edür ulam urtudumui 6r.

düri appearance, form, i.e., description of the nakshatra: ¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu üsün

düyilü(èi tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r; tabun odun-u düri inu tergen-ü kürdün metü bui 25v;

(urban odun-u düri inü görögesün-ü terigün metü bui 26r; isün odun-u düri inu. kirüge-metü

bui 26r; (urban odun-u düri inu. tul(-a-yin modun metü bui 26v; (urban odun düri inu

kir(a(ul metü bui 27r; ¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu mo(ay-yin terigün metü bui 27r; ¯ir(u(an

odun düri inu qoši(u metü bui 27v; qoyar odun-u düri inu qulu(an-a metü bui 27v; qoyar

odun-u düri inu ildün metü bui 28r; tabun odun-u düri inu (ar metü bui 28r; nigen odun-u düri

inu bata metü bui 28v; dörben odun-u düri inu jindamuni metü bui 28v; dörben odun-u düri

a(ula metü 29r; ¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui 29v; (urban odun-u düri

inu görögesün-ü qan metü bui 29v; (urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün

metü bui 30r; dörben odun-u düri inu segül metü bui 30r; tabun odun-u düri inu ¯a(an metü

bui 30v; dörben odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v; (urban odun[-u] düri inu ¯a(an-u

terigün metü bui 31r; dörben odun-u düri vaèir metü bui 31r; qoyar odun-u düri inu ürgül¯i

seèig metü bui 31r; qoyar odun-u düri inu tergen metü bui 31v; qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin

(adasun metü bui 31v; (uèin qoyar odun düri inu ong(uèa metü bui 31v; (urban odun[-u]

düri inu morin terigün metü bui 32r; (urban odun-u düri inu lingquu-a metü bui 32r;

na(šidar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a bui düri ba maqabud ene bui 59v.

753
GLOSSARY

ebdegèi [Ch. po/p’o “to break” (Mathews 5344)]; the destroyer; 7th of the twelve lords of

the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi

tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; ebdegèi edürün belge

inu qada(ur bui 20v; pô ebdegèi. edür 36r; yirti[n]èü-yi ebdegèi qara orong(-a bari¯u 39v;

ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v.

ebderekü disintegrating; one of the stages of the horoscope, i.e., the ascendent: 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v; buyan kešig ebderekü 21v; gara( tegüs inu sayin. meküs inu dumda

ebderekü ba(uram qoyar-du aliba üiles ülü üiledkü 24v.

ebedèin illness; disease; sickness: kümün-dür ebedèin bolu(ad 15r; köbegün töröbesü

ebedèinügei nasun urtu bolqu 32r;luus-un qad-un ebedèin kürteyü 34v; ebedèin bari(ulbasu

35v; ebedèin baribasu 37r; ebedèin kürtebesü ana(aquy-a berke 40r; ebedèin kürtebesü

edegeküy-e berke 42v; ebedèin ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ebedèin emle- 28r, 56v, 61r; ebedèin

taqul bolqu 57v, 57v; ebedèin bolumui 58r; ebedèin-dü uèaraqu 50r; ebedèin-dür uèaraqu 50r;

otaèi-yi erin ebedèin-i ü¯igülbesü 36r; ebedèin-i ¯asabasu 36v; ebedèin-ü kümün saki(ulsun

üiledbesü 28v; ebedèitü bolumui 28v.

ebedèin ada illness demons: ebedèin ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r.

ebedèin baribasu if one arrests an illness (37r).

ebedèin bari(ulbasu if one brings an illness under control (35v).

754
GLOSSARY

ebedèin emlebesü if one treats an illness (61r).

ebedèin kürtebesü if one catches an illness (40r, 42v).

ebedèin-i ¯asabasu if one treats the illness (36v).

ebedèin-ü kümün a sick person: ebedèin-ü kümün saki(ulsun üiledbesü 28v.

eber horn: bu(u-yin eber ur(umui 12r; orong(u-yin eber 60r; yama(an-u eber-dü dürü¯ü

21v; bu(u-yin eber-ün a(ui odun 59r.

ebesü(n) grass, hay, herb: tariyaèin-u ebesü tegüküi èa( 12r; èo( neretü ebesün

èindaralamui 16r; ebesün qubaraqui èa( 16r; ebesün èiddlan idemüi 19r; tariyan-u ebesün

tegübesü 30v, 42r; üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r; Mig sara ebesün-ü ündüsün

kökemüi 2r.

ebügen old man: ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür ötegüü ebügen emegen buu od 27r;

eremdeg ebügen 31r.

ebül winter: èasu ese orobasu ebül dula(an bolqu 19r; Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged

Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür

šinelemüi 3r; ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r; ebülün nara bayiqu 6r; tariyaèin-dur ebülün

terigün sara 16r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün terigün sar-a 17r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un

kürdüèin-dür ebülün terigün Margišar sar-a 18r; ebülün terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r;

ebülün dumdadu sara 4r, 5v; tariyaèin-dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 17r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur

ebülün dumdadu sar-a 18r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün dumdadu Bus sar-a

19r; ebülün dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara bui 41r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün

eèüs Mig sara 8r; tariyaèin-dur ebülün eèüs sar-a 18r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün eèüs sar-a

755
GLOSSARY

19r; ebülün eèüs ügeyir[e]gülügèi sara bui 41r; ebülün (urban sara 42r, 55r; ebülün (urban

sarada Üker Mo(ai Noqai èa( qara bolumui 42r; qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün

edür bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i èigerle 59r.

ebülün eèüs sara the final month of winter: Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün

eèüs Mig sara 8r; tariyaèin-dur ebülün eèüs sar-a 18r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün eèüs sar-a

19r; ebülün eèüs ügeyir[e]gülügèi sara bui 41r.

ebülün dumdadu sara the middle month of winter: ebülün dumdadu sara 4r, 5v; tariyaèin-

dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 17r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 18r; Enedk[e]g-ün

Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r; ebülün dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara

bui 41r.

ebülün (urban sara the three winter months: ebülün (urban sara 42r, 55r; ebülün (urban

sarada Üker Mo(ai Noqai èa( qara bolumui 42r.

ebülün nara ba(uqu the winter solstice: Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-

yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi 3r; ebülün

naran ba(uqu èa( 18r.

ebülün nara ba(uqu edür the winter solstice; Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi

3r.

ebülün nara bayiqu the winter solstice (6r).

ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( the hour of the winter solstice; ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r.

èasu ese orobasu ebül dula(an bolqu 19r.

756
GLOSSARY

ebülün terigün sara the middle month of winter: tariyaèin-dur ebülün terigün sara 16r;

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün terigün sar-a 17r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün

terigün Margišar sar-a 18r; ebülün terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r.

ebülün tüil-ün edür the winter solstice: qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür

bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i èigerle 59r.

eèige father: köbegün töröbesü eèige inu üküyü 29v; eèige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v;

ni(un töröbesü do(šin gara(-un dotor-a oroši¯u eèige eke-yu(an [=yügen] ¯arumui 43r; ede

sarada eèige eke-de ma(u 51r, 51r; eèige eke degüü amidu bögesü mön tegün-dü ma(u 51v.

ed possessions: ed mal (ada(ši ögbesü 18r, 41v; ed mal ögbesü 31v, 36v; ed mal

¯ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v; ed

ada(usun ¯ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 29r; ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v; ed

ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; ed mal ada(usun ögbesü 24v; ed adu(usun neme¯ü

25v; ed adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v; ed mal abubasu 27v, 30r, 31r; ed mal ögbesü abubasu

43v; ed mal olqu 50r; ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v; ed mal qorom¯i bolqu 56r; ed mal ülü

(ar(amui 60v; ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r; ed tavar olqu 46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r; ed tavar

ügületel-e ¯a(un amin-dur kürümüi 47v; ed tavar uèaraqu 50r, 50r; tavar ed yekede olqu 50r;

ed tavar yekede olqu 50r, 50r; ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu 57r; ed ¯ibqarabasu 23r, 23v; ed

bütügebesü 23v; ed idegen oldayu 45v; ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; ed a(urasun nemekü sayin

46v; ed oldaqu bayasqulang 50r; ed oldaqu sayin 50r; ed olqu 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r; ed

baraqu 50r; ed idegen olqu 56v; ed bara(daqu 59v.

ed adu(usun abubasu if one receives a possession or animal (24r, 27v).

757
GLOSSARY

ed ada(usun ¯ibqarabasu if possessions or animals are missing (24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v,

29r).

ed bütügebesü if one achieves possessions (23v).

ed ¯ibqarabasu if a possession is missing (23r, 23v).

ed mal abubasu if one takes possessions or livestock (27v, 30r, 31r).

ed mal ada(usun ögbesü if one gives away possessions, livestock or animals (24v).

ed mal (ada(ši ögbesü if one gives out possessions or livestock (18r, 41v).

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu if possessions or livestock are missing (22v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 28r,

28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v).

ed mal ögbesü if one gives away possessions or livestock (31v, 36v).

ed mal ögbesü abubasu if one either gives or receives a possession or livestock (43v).

ed tavar chattels; everything material; see RRS, 452; ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r; ed tavar olqu

46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r;ed tavar ügületel-e ¯a(un amin-dur kürümüi 47v; ed tavar uèaraqu

50r, 50r; tavar ed yekede olqu 50r; ed tavar yekede olqu 50r, 50r; ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu

57r.

edege- to recover, i.e., from an illness: ebedèin kürtebesü edegeküy-e berke 42v.

edke-/ed’ke- to cut out material, e.g., for clothing; to tailor; pre-classical form of eske-; (cf.

Kara, 1979: 195; 1984: 348): buu ed’ke 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v;

ula(an debel buu ed’ke buu emüs.34r; ger ed'kebesü 22v, 28v; debel ed'kebesü 22v, 24r, 25r,

25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v,

32r, 34v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 37r, 46v; debel ba ger ed'kebesü 35r.

758
GLOSSARY

edüd [pl. of edür]; days: edüd 38r, 38v, 39r, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48v, 50v, 50v, 56r,

56v, 56v, 61v; edüd-tü 46v, 60r; edüd-dür 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 42r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 47v, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r.

edüge now; at present: edüge 7r, 50v; tere sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a

oroši(ulqu bui 6v.

edüged ?a variant form of edüge: edüged-ünedüged-ün nigen on (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür

bol(a¯u 6v.

edür the day, esp., the period of daylight: edür 4v, 31r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 50v, 53v, 54v,

55r, 58v, 59v, 61r, 61v, 61v; Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür 2v; edür söni

2v; edür söni saèu(uu bol- 5v, 6r; edür söni qubi saèu(u bol- 10r, 16r; edür söni-yin a(ur 5v;

edür söni qoyar-yi ulam ne¯iged ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü 5v; ba(uraqu-bar edür söni inu urtu

ba oqor bolumui 5v; edür söni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r; edür söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r;

naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu 6r; ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi 3r;

edür ülü tasuraqu 3v; edür qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v; edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u

to(alaqui 5r; edür arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; edür ¯ir(u(an èa( söni ¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u

5v; nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür 6r; edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi

següder (arumui 6r; nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür 6r; nigen edür

qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu 6r; ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe qoyin-a edür ulam

urtudumui 6r; ¯ir(u(an edür (inu) ülemüi 6v, 6v, 6v; (uèin ¯ir(u(an edür bolumui 6v; ¯a gi

edür 7v; ii keng edür 7v; bing šin edür 7v; ding šim edür 7v; uu küi edür 7v; edür qorin

¯ir(u(an qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r; edür qorin naiman qubi söni (uèin qoyar qubi

759
GLOSSARY

9r, 17r; edür (uèin qoyar qubi. söni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r; edür (uèin dörben qubi. söni

qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r; edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi. söni qorin dörben qubi 13r; edür

qorin dörben qubi. söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r; luu edür 8r, 13r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v,

46v, 48v, 50r, 57v, 58v; mo(ai edür 8r, 8r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 48r,

48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 57v; qulu(an-a edür 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 34r, 42r, 48v, 50r, 50v,

50v, 50v, 53v, 57r, 58v; üker edür 9r, 10r, 10r, 16r, 19r, 34r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v,

46v, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 55v, 57r, 58v; üker kemebesü yeke kölge-yi orèi(ulqu edür buyu

34v; baras edür 2r, 9r, 13r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 57r; taulai

edür 9r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r, 46v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 56r, 57r, 58v; takiy-a edür

9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 46v, 48r, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 56r,

56r, 58r, 58v, 60v; noqai edür 10r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r,

55v, 58r, 58r, 58v; (aqai edür 10r , 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 35v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 50r, 53r, 55v, 58r,

60r; morin edür 10r, 14r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 55v, 57v,

58v, 60r; qonin edür 11r, 16r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 46v, 46v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 55v,

56r, 57v, 58v; beèin edür 11r, 11r, 15r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 50r, 51r, 53r, 58r;

nigen edür 22r; edür düli 24v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r; èereg mordobasu edür düli morda 23r;

ükükü edür 27v; nigen ¯il-dür (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bui 33r; ügegürekü ma(u edür bui 34v;

öl¯i qutu(tu edür 34v; ¯an e¯ilegèi edür 35v; èuu aril(a(èi edür 35v; man dügürügèi edür 36r;

ping tübšidkegèi edür 36r; ding to(ta(èi edür 36r; saki(èi edür 36r; pô ebdegèi edür 36r; üi

tü[g]šigèi edür 36v; èeng bütügèi edür 36v ; šiu quriya(èi edür 36v; ke negegèi edür 36v; bi

qa(a(èi edür 37r; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür 37r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu

760
GLOSSARY

èola abqu sayin edür 37r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür 37r; süm-e keyid ba nom

burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom

kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v; saran-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar naiman

ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an 38r; èi(ulqui edür 38r; sara-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un

qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r; luus-un qad-un qariqui edür 39v; saran-lu(-a edür qamtuddu(san-

iyar gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin 39v; ¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un

qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r; öèüken edür 41v; yeke qara edür 41v; ügeyiregülügèi qara edür

41v; bütükü edür 42r; ba(uqu edür 43r, 43r; tngri šilmus (adqulduqui edür 43r; ebdegèi qara

qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v; (uyirinèi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edür 43v;

(a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un

dolo(an edür bolumui 45r; šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür 45r; Maqagala ba(uqu edür

46v; Okin tngri ba(uqu edür 47r; arban qoyar sarayin èo(tu edür 47r; aliba sarayin ülü sedükü

edür 47v; ula(an ša¯a(ai kemekü ma(u edür 48r; tngri-ner (aši(udaqu edür 48r; èidköd

(aši(udaqu edür 48v; èing gii edür 48v; bi pô edür 48v; èireg mordaqu edür 48v; tngri-yin

mör kemekü edür 49r; dayang kemekü edür 49v; èuèa( kemekü edür 49v; vimading kemekü

edür 49v; süng kemekü edür 49v; süèing kemekü edür 49v; dada qan kemekü edür 49v; arban

qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v; ibegel edür ba(u(daqui 52r; beri

ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu sayin edür 53r; öšiyerkü qara edür 53r; ginggang šingpüng

güiküi edür 53r; köbegün-e ömèi ülü ögküi. okin-dur in¯i ülü ögküi ma(u edür 53v; šin-e

kümün-i ülü asaraqu ba gerte ülü oro(ulqu edür 53v; arban kümün-eèe isün kümün-i ükükü

maši ma(u edür bui 53v; okin-u mör (arqu edür 54r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür 55v; debel

761
GLOSSARY

emüskü sayin edür 56r; em neyilegülküi sayin edür 56r; abašig abqu sayin edür 56v; ¯obalang-

un tngri yabuqu edür 56v; qa(aèiltu dörben edür 59r; qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün

edür bolai 59r; ed bara(daqu kešig ba(uraqu edür 59v; suèuli saèuqu esü( ¯ula(-un

negegemel edür 60v; edür-e 26v, 27r, 29v, 58v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v; do(olang jerimdeg a(sad (a¯ar-aèa (urban edür-e (armui 24r; (urban edür-

eèe anggida Altan odun 38r; baras edür-<y>i kölgelen ködelge¯ü 2r; (urban ¯a(un ¯iran

¯ir(u(an edür-i nigen on bol(aju 6v; (uèin edür-<y>i inü nigen saban sara bol(abasu 6v;

üligsen ¯ir(u(an edür-<y>i nigedbesü 6v; döèin dolo(an on-du saban-ügei bögesü uridu

qoyitu edür-<y>i tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v; arban qoyar sarayin yang gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun

ügülegsen ma(u edür-<y>i ü¯ekü anu 47r; aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün

ü¯egtün 49v; tabun dakini-yin mör (arqu edür-<y>i ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 49v; odun-u

sayin-i edür-iyer il(ayu 46r; yeke qara edür-lu(-a èöm tokiyaldumui 41v; edür-lu(-a odun

qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r; edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge]

qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküy-yin uèaral boluyu 44v; edür-tü 27r, 29v, 33r, 41v, 42r; qoyitu

dörben möèi mana(ar-un edür-dü (ada(adu bui 6v; qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür-dü

uridu 6v; edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v, 6v, 6v; tabun edür-dür oldayu 22r; ene kedün edür-dür

47v; edür-ün ilegüü duta(uu 2r; edür-ün (ada(adu na(šidar 3v; edür-ün odun-i/odu-yi mede-

5r, 5r; öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; rašiyan edür-

ün belge erdini bui 20r; èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a bui 20r; naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu

edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; qariqu edürün belge inu ögede

qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r; qariquu

762
GLOSSARY

edürün beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r; (a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui

20r; qariqui edürün belge inu qara sa üsüg bui 20r; ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši

qandu(san erdini bui 20r; šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r;

šim[n]us-i il(u(san edürün belge inu qara nara bui 20r; Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge

inu tong(ori( bui 20r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui 20r; erketen èi(ul'qu

edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; qariqui edürün belge inu doro(ši

qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r; qariqui

edürün belge inu ¯arimdu( vaèir bui 20r; arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg

bui 20r; kelinèitü edürün belge inu qara èindamuni bui 20r; kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün

belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui 20r; do(šin edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r; šingbüng

güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v; Bati bata güikü edürün belge inu ala( nidün bui

20v; ginggang güikü edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v; baling do(šin güikü edürün

belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v; öèüken qara edürün belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v;

ügegürügülügèi edürün belge (urbal¯in ula(an bui 20v; yeke qara edürün belge inu (urbal¯in

qara bui 20v; tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui 20v; qo(osun edürün belge

(urban qara dusul bui 20v; (uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui [edürün] belge ala( dusul bui

20v; tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu [edürün] belge ala( debisker bui 20v; gara( ideši erikü

edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v; tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge doro(ši

qandu(san qara sara 20v; ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v; ebdegèi

edürün belge inu qada(ur bui 20v; (a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü

dörbel¯in bui 20v; tüleküi edürün belge anu solbi(san qara ¯iruqai ene ilegüüdebei 20v; edür-

763
GLOSSARY

ün odun-u sayin uèiral 38r; qariqui edür-ün belge inu ¯arimda( vaèir bui 38r; mör (arqu

edürün sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin 48v; Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin

nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün bui 49v; arban qoyar

edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün 50r; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün

sayin 55v; bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin 56v; abašig abqu

edürün sayin 56v.

edür-ün ilegüü duta(uu the addition and subtraction of days, i.e. of calendar reckoning

(2r).

egeèi elder sister; elder female relative; elder female person: egeèi kümün-dür ¯ol(oqu 4v.

egüd- to create, originate: mandal egüdbesü 31v; (urbal¯in mandal egüdbesü 31v; odèa(

egüdbesü 43v;burqan-u šitügen egüdbesü 46v; egüdkü 47v; egüdügsen isün tngri-yi uribasu

28v.

egüdügsen isün tngri the nine creator gods; see A. Sárközi, BTD, 177, #2288; for the gods

who created the nine dwelling places of human beings; egüdügsen isün tngri-yi uribasu 28v

egüdügsen isün tngri-yi uribasu if one summons the nine creator gods (28v).

egüde(n)/ egüüde(n) [Tib. sgo; Uy. išik]; gate, passageway. The term has both physical and

metaphysical connotations; gates are given in ancient Babylonian sources. Tamsyn Barton

writes that "In Babylonian astrology each band of stars in a constellation is envisaged as the

path of one of the gods, who enter through the gates on the horizon (Barton, p. 13).

Thompson describes the "gate" in terms of an "interruption" of the halo around the sun when

it is low on the horizon (Thompson, p. xxv). A full description of the term is given by René

764
GLOSSARY

Guénon in Richer's Sacred Geography of the Ancient Greeks, tranl. Christine Rhone, where

it says:

The vertical axis, in so far as it unites the two poles, is evidently a north-south
axis. In the transition from a polar to a solare symbolism, this axis will have
to be, as it were, projected onto the zodiacal plane, but in such a way as to
keep a certain correspondence . . . . that would be as exact as possible with the
original polar axis. Now, in the annual cycle, the winter and summer solstices
are the two points that correspond respectively to the north and to the south in
the order of space, just as the spring and autumn equinoxes similarly
correspond to east and west. The axis that will fulfill the desired condition is
thus the one that joins the two solstitial points; and it can be said that this
solstitial axis will then act as a relatively vertical axis . . . .
The cosmic cavern could have two opposed "zodiacal" gateways, in
accordance with the axis that has just been envisaged, which would
correspond respectively to the two solstitial points, one being the entrance and
the other the exit. The notion of these two "sostitial gateways" is explicit in
most of the traditions, and is generally given great symbolic importance. The
entrance is sometimes called the "gateway of humanity" . . . . The exit is then
by contrast known as the "gateway of the gods" . . . . (Richer, pp. 63-64)

"On this point, as on many others," Richer says, "the Pythagoreans were transmitting an

ancient tradition which is also clearly expressed in the Bhagavad Gita" (Richer, p. 64); cf.

also Rachmati, 395; ger-ün egüüde 23v; tngri-yin egüüde/egüde 33r, 33r, 49v; tngri-yin

egüden-dür 49r; (adquldu(èi tngri-yin egüden odun 59r; (a¯ar-un egüüde 33r, 33r; sayin

egüüde 33r; ma(u egüüde 33r; sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v; egüde-eèe buru(u to(ala 60r.

egülen clouds: o(tar(uy-yi egülen bürkü¯ü 4v.

egür birds nest: šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i] tüimeriddügèi odun 33r; šiba(un-u egüüri-yi

[=egür-i] (al-dur tüimeriddügèi 33v; qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 8r, 19r.

egüride always, constantly, forever: egüride 46r; egüride-yin uèiral 46r.

egüske- to cause to originate: süsüg sedkil egüske¯ü 4v.

765
GLOSSARY

e¯ed/e¯id [pl. of e¯en]; lords, masters, rulers, owners; refers to spirits: (a¯ar usun-u e¯id 2v;

(a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada

adalamui 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu

30r; (a¯ar usun e¯id-i takibasu 39v; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r.

e¯elegèi [Ch. jian/chien, “to establish,” (Mathews 853)]; the one that establishes, founds;

1st of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi

to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui

35v; ¯an e¯ilegèi edür 35v.

e¯en/e¯in lords, masters, rulers, owners; refers to both people and spirits: ükülün e¯en

8r/ükülün e¯in 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; burqan-u e¯in mese-dür üküyü

34v; debel ba ger ed'kebesü e¯in inu ükükü 35r; arban qoyar e¯in 35v; tngri-yin Vim-a neretü

degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün inu (a¯arun e¯in

qa(an kemegdeyü 39v; ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v; (a¯ar-un

e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r; šin-e ger-dür orobasu gerün e¯in qa(acaqu 47v; tngri (a¯ar-un

on sara edür èa( möèe. odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in inu tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r;

(anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in odun 59r; šin-e asaraqu ba da(a(ulbasu e¯in-dü ma(u 53v; (a¯ar-

un e¯in-i takibasu 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( 24r.

eke 1. mother; refers to both people and spirits; 2. origin source; see also eki: šitügen(-ü)

eke 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; šitügen eke Takiy-a (a¯ar-a 8r; šitügen-ü

eke Üker (a¯ar-a 9r; beri-yin dörben šilmus kemebesü dayiqu šitügen eke. lii külil tngri-yin

noqai ede-[y]i keèiyenü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52r; dayiwang tayiqu qangpan qongpan šitügen-ü

766
GLOSSARY

eke šabšu kiged-ün ¯üg buu yabu 53r; eèige eke degüü amidu bögesü mön tegün-dü ma(u

51v; dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; ede sarada eèige eke-de

ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada qadam eèige eke-de ma(u 51r; qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u

52v; basa nigen eketü 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 55r,

56r, 60v; nigen eketü 52r; eèige eke-yu(an [=yügen] ¯arumui 43r.

eke [Tib. ma-mo]; Hâriti, the child-eating yakshini and queen of the pretas, mother of the

daitya-demons (Waddell, 99, 369); dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui

38v.

ekener [Tib. ma-mo]; mother-she-devils (Ma-mo), black colored, the “disease mistresses”;

they are sometimes the spouses of the other malignant demons and cannot be very sharply

demarcated from other she-devils (Waddell, 370; Poppe 1967: 85); Cornu describes them as,

“a very numerous class of fierce female deities. Although they predate Buddhism, they have

been assimilated to the Matrika, a type of sorcerer of the charnel grounds. These black

goddesses personify natural forces that become destructive when disturbed. They carry bags

full of disease germs and comprise the retinue of the Great Dharma Protectresses (Cornu,

252); ekiner-ün ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v.

ekin source; origin: Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u 2v; qaburun ekin 7r;

ekin eribesü 30r; (a¯ar usun-aèa ekin eribesü 34v; dörben ekin sara 38r.

ekin eribesü if one seeks an origin (30r).

elèi messenger; ambassador: elèi ¯arubasu 31v.

767
GLOSSARY

elèi ¯arubasu if one sends a messenger (31v).

eliy-e One meaning for eliy-e is as a hawk-like bird, another is a kind of demon; in the pre-

classical language initial h- distinguished bird (heliy-e) from demon (Golden 2000: 198A6,

186C20, 200A25); Bawden, citing Kowaleski, describes the eliy-e as "an evil hostile spirit in

the form of a bird, goblin, devil," Tib. 'gon po. Tib. 'gon po, he notes, is equivalent in the

pentaglot dictionary to Mo. kölèin, Manchu ekèin, "an ugly demon," cf. Hauer. "Eliy-e," is

given here he says, "as a terrifying demon . . . . mentioned as the agent of disease or death

without any indications that would serve to define its nature more exactly." However, the

pentaglot dictionary gives for eliy-e Tib. bya 'dre, which Jäschke translates as "a winged

diabolical creature, harpy." Cf. Bawden SE I, pp. 243-245; ¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] eliy-e šiba(un

qošiyalamui 9r; eliy-e da(a(san kümün 22v; eliy-e üldebesü 27r; öèügüked-ün eliy-e

darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v; eliy-e-yi darubasu 29r, 41r; öèügüked-ün eliy-e-[y]i darubasu

31v eliy-e darubasu 32r; abu(èi eliy-e odun 59r.

eliy-e üldebesü if one expels a demon (eliy-e) (27r).

eliy-e-yi darubasu if one suppresses a demon (eliy-e) (29r, 31v, 41r).

em medicine: em neyilegülbesü 11r; em neyilegülküi sayin edür 56r; em èungla(ulbasu

21v, 22r, 27v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 45v, 46v; em buu èungla(ul 35r; em

¯asal èungla(ulbasu 35v; em èu(la(ulbasu 22r; bièig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r; em u(uubasu

26v/em uu(ubasu 36r; ¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür em ülü u(uuqu 56v; em emlebesü 28r,

61r; em ¯okiyabasu 34v; em nidübesü 35v, 36r, 37r; em ögkü-dür sayin 56r; Qonin edür em

ülü idekü 57v.

768
GLOSSARY

em èu(la(ulbasu if one gathers medicines (22r).

em èungla(ulbasu if one gathers medicines (21v, 22r, 27v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v, 31v, 32r,

35r, 35r, 45v, 46v).

em emlebesü if one treats an illness with medicine (28r, 61r).

em ¯okiyabasu if one concocts medicine (34v).

em neyilegülbesü if one mixes medicine (11r).

em nidübesü if one grinds medicine (35v, 36r, 37r).

em u(uubasu if one takes medicine (26v, 36r).

emèi doctor, physician: emèi otaèi kümün 4v.

em-e female; woman: em-e kümün 15r, 22r, 23r; em-e kümün-dür ¯ol(aqu 5r; belbesün

em-e kümün 25r, 29v; belbesün em-e abubasu 25r, 32r; em-e abubasu 28v, 36v, 37r, 53r, 53r;

šin-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r; öber-ün dayan-u küèün yeke bögesü ber em-e köbegün kiged.

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; nigen eketü ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg kemebesü er-e-

yin em[-e] ¯üg-eèe ba(u(daqui 52r; em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u 52v; em-e abqu er-e

kümün-ü nasun ü¯egdeküi 53r; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü 54v; qoyar qulu(an-a ¯iltü er-e

em-e bolbasu [. . .] 54v; taulai qonin (aqai ¯ilten ¯okiqu sayin ede ¯ilten er-e em-e bolbasu

uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un sayin köbegün törökü bui 54v; nigen em-e isün er-e-yi daruqu odun

59r; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu doron-a ¯üg-ün kümün qula(uyu belbesün em-e-dür qudaldu¯u amu

25v; sara ba(-a bögesü em-e-eèe buru(u to(ola 51v; köbegün töröbesü em-e-lüge-ben ülü

¯okildun bo(o¯u ükümüi 30r; nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad buyu 34r.

em-e abubasu if one takes a woman (28v, 36v, 37r, 53r, 53r).

769
GLOSSARY

em-e sara female month, i.e., a month with 29 days (fewer than 30 days): em-e sar-a-yi

segül-eèe buru(u 52v.

emegel saddle: morin dobtulbasu morin inu üküyü. ese bögesü emegel qa(arayu 35r.

emegen old woman; wife; grandmother: ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür ötegüü

ebügen emegen buu od 27r; eremdeg ebügen emegen ba. bandi bombo kümün-e temdegtü mal

(ada(ši (ar(abasu 31r; emegen-ü sünesün na(šidar 31v.

emle- to treat an illness: ebedèin emlebesü 61r; em emlebesü 28r, 61r; aliba sarayin noqai-

dur ebedèin emleküy-[y]i èigerlegülün nomla¯uqui 56v.

emün-e south: emün-e/emün-e 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9r, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v,

9v, 10r, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13r, 13r, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19r, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22r, 26v, 29r, 31r, 31r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 42r, 42r, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 55r,

55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 60v; emün-e ¯üg uduridbasu 23v; nara emüneši

odqui (ba) 3r, 3v, 5v, 6r kökege<g> šiba(un emüneši qarimui 14r.

emün-e ¯üg uduridbasu if one leads them to the south (23v).

Enedkeg India; Indian; old form was endkeg (Kara, 1984: 201-202); Enedk[e]g-eèe

orèi(ulu(san Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris 2r; Enedk[e]g-ün yosu(ar 2v, 2v; Enedk[e]g-ün

770
GLOSSARY

Èa(-un kürdüèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; Enedk[e]g-ün keleber

32r.

Enedk[e]g-ün keleber Sanskrit (32r).

enele- to suffer pain of body or mind; to grieve, lament, be distressed: eneleküi ¯obalang-

iyar qoqui kemen ¯oba¯u yabumui 47v.

enggelegür the breast: enggelegür sayin 52v.

engküri dear, favorite, beloved, tender; a kind of demon: engküri köbegün 28r, 35r, 44r;

engküri èidköd 35v; engküri-yi nomo(odqabasu 25r.

engküri èidköd-i nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the demons of one’s beloved (35v).

engküri-yi nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the demons of one’s beloved (25r).

erdem knowledge, learning; science; skill, art, ability; wisdom; virtue; merit: erdem

sur(abasu 11r, 25r, 31r, 31v, 32r; bièig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v; erdem bilig kiged

nom-un ¯üil-dür duratai buyu 25v; odun erdem-<y>i to(olabasu 60v.

erdem bilig wisdom: erdem bilig kiged nom-un ¯üil-dür duratai buyu 25v.

erdem sur(abasu if one teaches science (11r, 25r, 31r, 31v, 32r).

erdeni/erdini [Tib. nor zhags]; jewel; (cf. ODT, p. 18); ene erdeni busu 10v; rašiyan edür-

ün belge erdini bui 20r; ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui 20r; Altan odun

kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara( büküi 23v; tüšimed erdeni bolqu na(šidar bui 30v;

dörben odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v; degegši qandu(san erdeni 44v; ögede

qandu(san jindamuni erdeni ene bui 44v; erdeni terigüten-i uralabasu 61v; aliba do(šin

771
GLOSSARY

üile üiledbesü matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dür adali ma(u 39r; tngri-yin erdeni-dür

mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

er-e/ere male; the male principle; man: ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r; er-e

sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u 52v; er-e (a(èa kümün-ü

köbegün qula(u¯u amu 23v; šin-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r; em-e abqu er-e kümün-ü nasun

ü¯egdeküi 53r; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü anu 54v; ede ¯ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan

bolu(ad ari(un sayin köbegün törökü bui 54v; qoyar qulu(an-a ¯iltü er-e em-e bolbasu 54v;

ede sarada er-e-dü ma(u bui 51r; sara yeke bögesü er-e-eèe ¯öb to(ola 51v; nigen em-e isün

er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r; nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad buyu 34r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui ¯üg kemebesü er-e-yin em[-e] ¯üg-eèe ba(u(daqui 52r; er-e-yin ¯il-ün eki èa(tu

ba(uqu bui 52r.

er-e em-e bolbasu if two become man and wife (54v).

ere sara male month, i.e., a month with thirty days: ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono(

bui 3r; er-e sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u 52v.

eregün the jaw, chin: eregün-dür dumda sayin 52v.

erekei the thumb: erekey-yin èinegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin èinegen morin unu¯u 39v.

eremdeg invalid, crippled: do(alang eremdeg kümün 23v; eremdeg ebügen 31r; eremdeg-

dür ada(usun ögbesü 31r.

ergü- to raise up; to offer: èabda(ur saèuli er<e>gübesü qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun

sayišiyamu 60v; ergüküi üiles 46r.

ergüküi üiles offeretory rites (46r).

772
GLOSSARY

eriyen motely, variegated, particolored; speckled, spotted; striped; streaky: eriyen debel

buu ed'ke. buu emüs 34v.

erke [Tib. dbang]; power; mastery; see ED 474a; köbegün töröbesü erke 28r; kümün-i erke-

dür-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r; erkedür oro(ulqui keèiyeküi üiles 13r; yeke erketü široy-yin èinar

buyu 24r; erketü (a¯ar buu könde 34v; ed-ün ündüsün erke-yi bütügeküi 45v; erke-yin üiles

46r.

erke-dür(-iyen) oro(ul- [S. vaúiravana "striving to attain power"]; to bring (others) under

one’s sway; erke-dür-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r; erkedür oro(ulqui keèiyeküi üiles 13r.

erkeèi iribasu ?if a Christian comes (36v).

erketen [S. indriya; Tib. dbang po] powerful ones; a kind of demonic spirit; various lists

are given, the most common referring to the five senses (Lessing 1169; cf. KOT 72, 107,

passim; Aalto 1961: 23; Poppe 1967: 27); erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san

šara sar-a bui 20r; okin töröbesü erketen-dür uèaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v; erketen-i

takibasu 27v; erketen-i nomo(odqabasu 28r; Burvasad na(šidar kemebesü erketen-ü na(šidar

bui 30r.

erlig [S. yama; Tib. gshin-rje; Mong. ükülün ejin]; king of hell; god of death; comparable

to Pluto; Erlig is the king of the underworld, but as Bawden says "the term is also used to

designate his minions: here it may be equivalent to Tib. gshin-rje, a class of death-bringing

demons for which see Oracles and Demons, p. 82" (Bawden SE I, p. 238, n. 70); modun erlig

8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; Arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa

773
GLOSSARY

(uèin kürtel-e erlig-üd-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38v; ükübesü erlig-üd-ün udusq-a bui 28v; erlig-ün

èinu-a güikü na(šidar 28r; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-ün odun bui 60v.

erte early: mana(ar erte bosu(ad 4v; èereg mordobasu erte mana(ar morda 23v.

erümel erübesü if one digs an excavation (12r, 42r, 42v).

eske- to cut out material: šin-e debel buu eske buu emüs 34r; debel eskebesü 23v, 25r, 29r,

30r; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin 55v; debel eskeküi 55v.

esü( fermented mare’s milk (see Mostaert, Dictionnaire ordos, 249): suèuli [=saèuli]

saèuqu esü( [=esüg] ¯ula(-un negegemel edür 60v.

esüg ¯ula( an aspersion of fermented mare’s milk (see Mostaert, Dictionnaire ordos, 249):

suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu esü( [=esüg] ¯ula(-un negegemel edür 60v.

eyetü- to be harmonious: èi(ul(an eyetübesü 31v; eyetün èi(ul’qui 61r; eyetüldübesü 29v;

eyetüldükü 45v.

eyetüldübesü if one is harmonious with others (29v).

(abiy-a merit, achievement; heroism, valor; worthy service: (abiy-a-du üiles bütükü 50r;

(abiy-a-tu sarayin šinede ibegel edür ba(u(daqui 52r.

(abiy-a tusa merit: kimusu ta(aribasu (abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu 57r; nayitabasu (abiy-a

tusa yeke bolqu 57v.

(abiy-a ügei without merit: qoyar ¯aya(an-u üile-dür (abiy-a ügei bolumui 27r.

(ada(adu outside, external: (ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v; edür-ün

(ada(adu na(šidar 3v; mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(šidar 3v; söni-dür (ada(adu 6v, 6v; edür-

dür (ada(adu 6v, 6v, 6v; (ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar bui 29r.

774
GLOSSARY

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external,

internal and secret, according to the Kâlacakratantra (cf. Cornu, 25-30); (ada(adu doto(adu

ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v.

(adasun [Tib. mdung]; nail; lance; the term refers to a weapon, a ritual instrument, symbol

or attribute (cf. ODT, 15-16); and to stars; in ancient Greece Anaximenes draws a basic

distinction between the planets and the fixed stars; the stars are fastened “like nails” in the

“ice-like” vault of the sky (Burkert, 311); this concept is similarly held by the Mongols; thus,

the term does not merely refer to the north pole (altan (adasun), but to other stars as well; the

idea of the north pole as a nail is also widely held; the harmony of the spheres is a world

conception of three “domains” and seven or nine skies, one over the other, with corresponding

underworlds, and a “world pillar,” the axis mundi, running through the center of the whole

system, crowned by the “north Nail” or “world nail” (Polaris) (De Santillana, 123); doro(ši

qandu(san (adusun 20r, 39r; ögede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r, 39r; (adasun qari(ulbasu

23v; qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v; degedü Uma neretü (adasun 32v;

(adasun qadququi 38v.

(adquldu- to fight with another; to do battle; the initial consonant reflects Ordos

pronunciation, the common classical form being qadquldu (see Poppe, 1955: 134): dayisun-

lu(-a buu (adquldu 34r; (adquldubasu 21v, 22r, 24v, 32r, 35r; dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu

29v, 32r; (adquldumui 43r, 43r; qubi sarayin šinein (urban tabun qorin-a (adquldumui 43r;

tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; tngri šilmus (adqulduqui edür

kemebesü 43r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür 48v.

775
GLOSSARY

(adquldubasu if one fights with another (21v, 22r, 24v, 32r, 35r).

(ai qarši harm: (ai qarši yeke bolqu 47v.

(a¯ar earth, ground; the mundane: (a¯ar usun-u e¯id 2v; (a¯ar usun e¯id-i takibasu 39v;

(a¯ar usun èöm gesümüi 9r; (a¯ar usun èöm amin nüke kürümüi 18r; (a¯ar usun-aèa ekin

eribesü 34v; aman-a (a¯ar usun-i taki 55v; Luu Noqai Üker Qoni Taulai edür (a¯ar-un sünesü

(a¯ar usun-a ba(uqu 58v; tariyan-u köröngge (a¯ar oroba 10r; Luu (a¯ar 18r; (a¯ar tal-a

ödken èasun bolumui 19r; šin-e (a¯ar bariqu 24r; (a¯ar ködelbesü 25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r,

27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v,

31v, 32r, 32r, 37r; (a¯ar baribasu 30v; (a¯ar könde- 34v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 37r, 37r, 42r, 42r, 42r,

42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 44r, 58v, 58v, 58v; bariqu (a¯ar eribesü 42r; tariyalang-un (a¯ar

qudalduqui 45v; belbesün em-e kümün bükü (a¯ar bariqu na(šidar kemeyü 29v; aqui (a¯ar

èinu qami(-a bui 32v; tariyan-u (a¯ar olqu 46v; qola (a¯ar ¯oriqu 58r; šin-e (a¯ar il(abasu

61r; (a¯ar-a 6v, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 19r; dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin

(a¯ar-a bayi(ulju 6r; arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a 6v; Takiy-a (a¯ar-a 8r; dolo(an alqu

(a¯ar-a 23v; örön-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur šara široi-du (a¯ar-a ni(u¯u 24r; tngri-yin

(a¯ar-a ra(šis-un o(talda(san na(šidar 28v; qola (a¯ar-a qudaldu odbasu 36r; qola (a¯ar-a

odqui 47v; qola (a¯ar-a mör (arbasu 47v; öni qola (a¯ar-a 57r; qola busu (a¯ar-a odqu 61v;

do(olang jerimdeg a(sad (a¯ar-aèa (urban edür-e (arumui 24r; qa(urai (a¯arèa usun (ar(an

èidamu 32v; ese sana(san (a¯ar-aèa dayisun bolqu 42v; qola (a¯arèa ¯oèid irekü 57r; süme

keyid bariqu (a¯ar-<y>i beleglebesü 23r; qada (a¯ar-<y>i nuqubasu 23v; önüèin köbegün

dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar bui 27r; ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu 31r; èireg ki¯a(ar

776
GLOSSARY

(a¯ar-i baribasu 32r; (a¯ar-<y>i tübšidken èidamu 32v; tngri (a¯ar-<y>i taki 32v; tngri (a¯ar-

<y>i takibasu 35r; köbegün töröbesü eèige inu üküyü. ösügsen qoyin-a (a¯ar-ta(an ülü aqu

bui 30r; (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur öèüken oromui 8r; (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r;

(a¯ar-dur dula(an-u tegši oromui 10r; (a¯ar-tur èakirma(-un èièig delgeremüi 11r; (a¯ar-tur

qamu( nabèi ündüsün ur(umui 12r; (a¯ar-dur qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad lungru neretü èièig

delgeremüi 13r; (a¯ar-dur serigün següder una(ad qulan una(an-iyan telèiyemüi 14r; (a¯ar-

dur ¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi 15r; (a¯ar-dur èo( neretü ebesün èindaralamui 16r;

(a¯ar-tur qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad küiten-ü a(ur oromui 17r; (a¯ar-tur ¯egeren taki

qošiyalamui 18r; qadatu (a¯ar-tur taribasu 35v; (a¯ar-un ene oron 3r; tngri (a¯ar-un qorin

dörben a(ur èa( 6r; (a¯ar-un (al 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; (a¯ar-un

e¯en/e¯id [S. bhûmipati; Tib. sa-bdag]; lords of the earth, spirit lords of the soil; genius loci

(cf. TEDP, 419); (a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; (a¯ar-un e¯in

noqai ideši eriküi edür 20v; dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( büküi 24r; luus-un qad

(a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu 30r; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯in-i

takibasu 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; (a¯arun e¯in qa(an 39v; luus-un qad

(a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r; ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v;

(a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in bui 20v; (a¯ar-un egüüde

ali bui 33r; (a¯ar-un egüüde mön Barani 33r; tngri-yin Vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un

qara qarèa(ai kemekü qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün 39v 44r; tngri (a¯ar-un on sara edür èa(

möèe. odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in 55r; (a¯ar-un ba(atud 58v, 58v, 58v; (a¯ar-un sünesü

58v; Luu Noqai Üker Qoni Taulai edür (a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a ba(uqu 58v.

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GLOSSARY

(a¯ar baribasu if one builds on the land (assuming the dat.-loc. ending is implicit) 30v.

(a¯ar ködelbesü if there is an earthquake (25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r,

28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 32r, 37r).

(a¯ar köndebesü if one disturbs the ground (36r, 36r, 37r, 37r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v,

42v, 42v, 42v, 44r, 58v, 58v).

(a¯ar usun earth and water: (a¯ar usun-u e¯id 2v; (a¯ar usun e¯id-i takibasu 39v; (a¯ar

usun èöm gesümüi 9r; (a¯ar usun èöm amin nüke kürümüi 18r; (a¯ar usun-aèa ekin eribesü

34v; aman-a (a¯ar usun-i taki 55v; Luu Noqai Üker Qoni Taulai edür (a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar

usun-a ba(uqu 58v.

(a¯ar usun-u e¯id guardian spirits of a place. In the manual they are composed according

to the Chinese tradition (2v). Cf. Waddell, p. 372; (a¯ar usun-u e¯id 2v; (a¯ar usun e¯id-i

takibasu 39v.

(a¯ar usun e¯id-i takibasu if one sacrifices to the lords of earth and water (39v).

(a¯ar-un ba(atud the heroes of the earth (58v, 58v, 58v).

(a¯ar-un egüüde [Tib. sa-sgo]; the earthly gate; a celestial passageway, counterpart to the

heavenly gate (tngri-yin egüüde); in the manual the earthly gate refers to the nakshatra Barani

(S. Bharanî); through these gateways spirits pass, often bringing negative influence (TEDP,

86; ODT, 285-298; Krueger 1976: 207, 234, 253, 272; Sárközi 1989: 320; Dollfus 1994);

(a¯ar-un egüüde ali bui 33r; (a¯ar-un egüüde mön Barani 33r.

(a¯ar-un e¯en/e¯id [S. bhûmipati; Tib. sa-bdag]; lords of the earth, spirit lords of the soil;

genius loci; the number of the various lords of the earth is said to be infinite; the prinary

778
GLOSSARY

source enumerating them is the ‘Byung-ba rin-chen kun-‘dus [Gathering of all precious

elements] (cf. TEDP, 120, 419); see also Waddell, 371-372; (a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün

belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; (a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 20v; dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un

e¯in-ü gara( büküi 24r; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu 30r; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un

ada adalamui 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯in-i takibasu 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v;

(a¯arun e¯in qa(an 39v; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r; ebdegèi qara qada(ur

bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v.

(a¯ar-un (al fire of the earth; perhaps this is associated with what is given in the Indian

Sûrya Siddhânta as "malignant aspects of the sun and moon" (Burgess, 379-383); these

malignant aspects are said to result in "consuming fire" and at these moments the time is

"forbidden for all works. This, then, seems to be the context as well for ülü sedükü, which

follows tngri-yin (al. Sara-yin (al, which begins to occur in these lists of influences in the

following month, is also associated with “consuming fire.” For more direct references of

these terms to the context given here I have only been able to find a relevant term for sara-yin

(al, which is given in Cornu as "Fiery lunar days" (p. 212); (a¯ar-un (al 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r,

14r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

(a¯ar-un noqai the dog of the earth; mundane or earthly counterpart to the Dog of Heaven

(tngri-yin noqai): (a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in bui

20v.

(a¯ar-un sünesü the spirit of the earth: (a¯ar-un sünesü 58v; Luu Noqai Üker Qoni Taulai

edür (a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a ba(uqu 58v.

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GLOSSARY

(al fire; the planet Mars (Tuesday); one of the four elements; one of the five elements: (al

20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 21v, 45v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v; 'al (odun) 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

20r, 20r, 20r, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 48v,

48v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r; 'al odun bögesü ¯egerde qal¯an morin una(san ba. bombo kümün ba

ula(an debeltü kümün ba ese bögesü degerem qula(ayièi ba keregür bara(ur-tur ¯ol(oqu 4v

'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar bui 22v; tngri-yin (al 8r,

9r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; Morin edür tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r; (a¯ar-un

(al 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r,

16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; (al mandal tüle- 10r, 38v, 61v; Naran odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara(

kememü (al èinar bui 21v; 'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar

bui 22v; Kerteg Barani Šuša(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(šidar

(al-un èinar bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al

bui 61r; (al takil takibasu 21v, 31v, 35r; (al takibasu 35v, 36v, 37r; qoyar (al uèarabasu

delgereküi-yin uèaral[.] delgereküi uèaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v; (al kei qoyar uèarabasu

yeke küèütü uèaral böged. küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r; (al široi qoyar

uèarabasu tüleküi-yin uèiral. tüleküi-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r; usu (al qoyar

uèarabasu ükül-ün uèiral bui ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r(al tülegèi 52v; beri

(al-du mörgügülkü èa( 53v; üker qonin ¯iltü okin-i Takiy-a èa(-du (al-du mörgügül 53v;

780
GLOSSARY

dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bièi¯ü (al-dur tüleged 22r; debel eskebesü (al-dur

tüleyü 25r; šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i] (al-dur tüimeriddügèi Rivadi buyu 33v; qulu(an-a

morin ¯iltü okin-i 'aqai èa(-tu (al-dur mörgügülbesü sayin 53v; baras beèin ¯iltü okin-i 'aqai
èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r

taulai takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i Noqai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r; luu noqai ¯iltü okin-i Taulai

èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r; mo(ai (aqai ¯iltü okin-i Beèin èa(tu (al-dur mörgügülbesü

sayin 54r; (al-tu qoroqai üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r; (altu tor(on ergiküi

modun odun 59r; (al-un takil (al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v; (al-un takil üiledbesü 34v;

emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un dolo(an na(šidar anu tegüsbe 29r; (al-un galab bol(a(èi odun ali 33r;

(al-un galab bol(a(èi Barani bui 33r; (al-un oèi-du tülekü 55v, 56r.

(al èinar the essence of fire, i.e., the element fire: Naran odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara(

kememü (al èinar bui 21v; 'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar

bui 22v; emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un dolo(an na(šidar anu tegüsbe 29r; Kerteg Barani

Šuša(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v;

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al bui 61r; qoyar (al

uèarabasu delgereküi-yin uèaral[.] delgereküi uèaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v; (al kei qoyar

uèarabasu yeke küèütü uèaral böged. küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r; (al široi

qoyar uèarabasu tüleküi-yin uèiral. tüleküi-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r; usu (al

qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün uèiral bui ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r.

(al mandal tülebesü if one burns a fire mandala (10r, 61v).

781
GLOSSARY

'al (odun) fire star, i.e., Mars, Tuesday: 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 20r, 20r, 20r, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v,

46r, 46v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r; 'al odun bögesü ¯egerde qal¯an morin una(san

ba. bombo kümün ba ula(an debeltü kümün ba ese bögesü degerem qula(ayièi ba keregür

bara(ur-tur ¯ol(oqu 4v; 'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar bui

22v.

(al takil takibasu if one offers the fire sacrifice (21v, 31v, 35r).

(al takibasu if one offers the fire [sacrifice] (35v, 36v, 37r).

(al-tu qoroqai firefly: üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r.

(altu tor(on lit. “fiery silk”; flaming fire; a wall of fire: (altu tor(on ergiküi modun odun

59r.

(al-un galab the kalpa of fire: (al-un galab bol(a(èi odun ali 33r; (al-un galab bol(a(èi

Barani bui 33r.

(al-un takil the fire offering; see Mostaert, “A propos d’une prière au feu,” 1962: 191-223;

Bawden, Ch.,1963: 281-303; cf. also Atwood, 1996: 112-139: (al takil takibasu 21v, 31v,

35r; (al takibasu 35v, 36v, 37r; (al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v; (al-un takil üiledbesü

34v.

(al-un takil takibasu if one offers an offering of fire (22r, 23v, 34v).

(al-un takil üiledbesü if one makes an offering of fire (34v).

782
GLOSSARY

(ala(un goose: anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r.

(anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar the quality of a single-pointed mind; single-minded

concentration; the term refers to the desired outcome of yogic practice; cf. Lopez 1995: 15;

Beyer 1973: 71; Waddell, 141: (anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar 1v.

(ang drought: (ang bolqu 12r, 17r, 25r; (a'ng bolqu 61r.

(angla(ur [=(angna(ur] soldering metal: šiker qangla(ur terigüten. tu(-un išin-du uya¯u

50v.

(angqui to be satisfied: do(šid-un sedkil (angqui na(šidar kemeyü 29v

(aqai pig; one of the twelve animals: 'aqai sara 41r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v; 'aqai sara-dur (uèinügei 3v; ii (aqai sara 7v; ding

(aqai sara 7v; gi (aqai sara 7v; šin (aqai sara 7v; küi (aqai sara 7v; Töbed-dür 'aqai sar-a

17r; 'aqai èa( 50r, 53v, 53v, 54r; ii (aqai èa( 7v; ding (aqai èa( 7v; gii (aqai èa( 7v; šin

(aqai èa( 7v; küi (aqai èa( 7v; 'aqai (edür) 10r, 11r, 14r, 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35v, 42r,

42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; 'aqai ¯il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; (aqai ¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v, 54v; (aqai ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v,

54v; 'aqai (a¯ar-a 14r; (aqai bolqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v;

(aqai nasu to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui 17r; šira (aqai uu gii [. . .] qara bui 41r; (aqai qoši(utu 55r;

'aqai edür okin ülü ögkü. (aqai ülü alaqu miq-a ülü idekü 58r; (aqay-yin 59r; dayisun-u

noyan-u ner-e-yi ¯iru¯u (aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dürü¯ü 23r; bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a 60r.

783
GLOSSARY

'aqai sara Pig month: 'aqai sara 41r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v; 'aqai sara-dur (uèinügei 3v; ii (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; gi

(aqai sara 7v; šin (aqai sara 7v; küi (aqai sara 7v; Töbed-dür 'aqai sar-a 17r.

'aqai èa( Pig hour: 'aqai èa( 50r, 53v, 53v, 54r; ii (aqai èa( 7v; ding (aqai èa( 7v; gii

(aqai èa( 7v; šin (aqai èa( 7v; küi (aqai èa( 7v.

'aqai (edür) Pig day: 'aqai (edür) 10r, 11r, 14r, 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35v, 42r, 42v,

42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; 'aqai edür okin ülü ögkü. (aqai ülü alaqu miq-a ülü idekü 58r.

'aqai ¯il Pig year: 'aqai ¯il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; (aqai ¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v, 54v; (aqai ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v.

'aqai (a¯ar-a Pig place: 'aqai (a¯ar-a 14r.

(aqai bolqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

(ar hand: (ar ni(ur-iyan ugiya¯u 4v; (ar qo(osun 49v; (uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui

belge 20v; (uyirinèi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edür 43v; (ar metü 59v; tabun odun-u düri inu

(ar metü bui 28r; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; kam-dur uèira(san beri (ar-ta(an

odèo( bari(san bui 54r; sön-dür uèira(san beri (arta(an širbegel bari(san bui 54v; tegünü

(artur nigen širbegel bari(ul¯u 54v.

(arul(-a damage, loss: yeke (arul(-a-u 59v.

(asalang-un mör the path of affliction: umara (asalang-un mör 54r; örön-e (asalang-un

mör 54r; doron-a (asalang-un mör 54r; dörben ¯obkis (asalang-un mör 54r.

784
GLOSSARY

(aši(udaqu edür a day to lament: tngri-ner (aši(udaqu edür 48r; èidköd (aši(udaqu

edür 48v.

(aši(un ¯obalang bitter suffering: nara sara ükübesü tere ulus-dur (aši(un ¯obalang-dur

ayul bolqu 27r.

(ayila(daqu üiles deeds to be rejected, considered taboo: èa( kiged (ayila(daqu üiles

anu 42r.

(ayiqamši( wonderful: okin töröbesü (ayiqamši( oyun-a ta(alal-du boluyu 26r

(ayitu unlucky, unfortunate: quda anda bolqui-du (ayitu bui 56r.

(okimui withering; Ordus pronunciation of qokimai "dry, dried up" (Lessing, 956); term

has many meanings, including: the Buddhist idea of "the misery of the gods" when their merit

is finally exhausted; after almost incalculable time "this lake of nectar dries up" (Waddell, 88-

89); Hindu eschatology states the world will perish because of the conjunction of 12 suns,

which will destroy the earth by withering all substances (Sachau 1971: 325); it also refers to

the image of a skull pan, made of dough, which is placed on a pyramid, also made of dough,

in a religious service known in Tibetan as zor (RRS 493) and dried up bones, especially the

dancing skeletons in the Tsam ceremony (RRS 510-511; Poppe 1967: 60); the form here is

short for modun (okimui; this is wood which may be decorated with cloth and expelled as a

ransom figure (Bawden SE II, 173, n. 78): (okimui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r; modun (okimui 48r.

785
GLOSSARY

(olomta hearth; fireplace in a tent: (olomta ba(urai nutu( qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v;

(olomta ger nutu( mör ede sayin bui 51v; nutu( ger (olomta degüü ede sayin bui 51v;

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egüüde anu sayin 60r; sara yeke bögesü (olomta-aèa ¯öb to(ola 51v.

(ool river: qo(osun (ool ba qo(osun bal(asun-dur qara modun-u door-a ni(u¯u amu 24v;

örön-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur šara široi-du (a¯ar-a ni(u¯u 24r.

(ool ¯irüken aorta; the small objects placed inside a buddha image to enliven it: burqan

ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v.

(uèi(ad thirty each: ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r.

(uèin thirty: (uèin 40v, 41v, 44r, 53r, 53r; degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun

terigün Baras sar-a-dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3r;

Luu sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Morin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uèin

qono(ügei 3v; Beèin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; 'aqai

sara-dur (uèinügei 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; (uèin qono( nigen sar-a 5r;

(uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v; (uèin möèi nigen qubi 5r; (uèin qubi nigen

qono( 5r; (uèin edür-<y>i inü nigen saban sara bol(abasu ¯ir(u(an edür inu ülemui 6v;

Naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v; Isün

sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü 38v; Arban nigen

sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e erlig-üd-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38v; (uèin-a 8v, 9v, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 56r, 58v.

786
GLOSSARY

(uèin qoyar thirty-two: edür qorin naiman qubi söni (uèin qoyar qubi 9r, 17r; edür (uèin

qoyar qubi. söni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r; (uèin qoyar odun 59v; emegen-ü sünesün

na(šidar (uèin qoyar odun düri inu ong(uèa metü bui 31v; (uèin qoyar okin tngri 32v.

(uèin dörben thirty-four: edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r; edür

(uèin dörben qubi. söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r.

(uèin ¯ir(u(an thirty-six: arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a

bol(a¯u to(alabasu basa ¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi. (urban on-dur (uèin ¯ir(u(an edür bolumui

6v; edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi. söni qorin dörben qubi 13r; edür qorin dörben qubi. söni (uèin

¯ir(u(an qubi 19r.

(uèin qono( thirty days: degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun terigün Baras sar-a-

dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3r; Luu sara-dur (uèin

qono( bui 3v; Morin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3v;

Beèin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; 'aqai sara-dur

(uèinügei 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; (uèin qono( nigen sar-a 5r; (uèin

qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v.

(uèin edür thirty days: (uèin edür-<y>i inü nigen saban sara bol(abasu ¯ir(u(an edür inu

ülemui 6v.

(urba(ad three by three: (urba(ad (urba(ad 3v

(urba(ula three together (26r).

(urbal¯in triangle: (urbal¯in ula(an 20v (urbal¯in qara 20v; (urbal¯in mandal egüdbesü

31v.

787
GLOSSARY

(urbal¯in mandal egüdbesü if one creates a triangular mandala (31v).

(urban three: (urban 27r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 43r, 51v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 55v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 60r; (urban èa( 1v, 1v; (ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa

(urban to(-a 1v; (urban ¯üil 46r; qono(-un (urban ¯üil 2r; (urban ¯il 3r, 4r, 42r, 58v, 58v;

(urban on 6v; 'urban sar-a/sara 5v, 10r, 10r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60v; qaburun (urban sara 42r,

42r, 55r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 42r, 55r; namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r; ebülün (urban

sara 42r, 42r, 55r; (urban adqu 6r; (urban šin-e 8v, 9v, 10r, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v;

(urban qara dusul 20v, 46v; (urban nidütü dörbel¯in 20v, 44r; (urban edür 24r, 38r; (urban

odun 26r, 26v, 27r, 29v, 30r, 31r, 32r, 32r, 56v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v;

(urban kümün 28v; (urban köl 32r; (urban (urban-du ma(u 37v; (urban sayin (urban

dumda. (urban eèüs 46r; (urban kürdün 48v, 51v; (urban tib 55r; (urban-a 44r; (urban

(urban-du ma(u 37v.

(urban èa( the three times, i.e., past present and future (Lessing, 369); (urban èa( 1v, 1v.

(urban ¯a(un ¯iran three hundred sixty (5r, 6v, 33r).

(urban ¯a(un ¯iran ¯ir(u(an three hundred sixty-six (6v).

(urban ¯üil [see under qono(-un (urban ¯üil].

'urban sar-a/sara the third month: 5v, 10r, 10r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r,

43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60v

788
GLOSSARY

(urban sara the three months, i.e., of each season of the year: qaburun (urban sara 42r,

42r, 55r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 42r, 55r; namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r; ebülün (urban

sara 42r, 42r, 55r.

(urban šin-e the third day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10r, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v.

(urban to(-a the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external, internal and secret, according

to the Kâlacakratantra (cf. Cornu, 25-26); (ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v.

(urban èa( 1v, 1v.

(uyila(èi [S. bhikshu; Tib. dge slong]; beggar: bayan bögesü (uyila(èi bolqu 41v;

(uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v.

(uyil'(-a alms: busud-aèa (uyil'(-a abubasu 25r.

(uyiranèi beggar: (uyiranèi kümün-dür altan ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; tüšimed

ba(ura¯u (uyiranèi bolumui 42v; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu (uyiranèi bolumui

43r; qoyitu ür-e (uyiranèi bolumui 47v; (uyirinèi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edür 43v.

gabala [Tib. thod pa; S. kapâla]; skull cup; a ritual implement; a symbol/attribute; cf. RRS,

152-153,435; ODT, 18; Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui 20r; gabala 47r.

galab [S. kalpa; Tib. skal pa]; eon, age; a mythological period of time in Buddhist

cosmology (Lessing, 346); 1 kalpa = 4,320,000 years; 72,000 kalpa = life of Brahma;1 kalpa

= 1000 mahayugas;1 mahayuga = 4,320,00 years; each mahayuga has 4 smaller yugas in ratios

to each other of 4:3, 3:2 and 2:1; the last yuga, the kaliyuga, is 1/10 mahayuga = 432,000

years; this is a Babylonian number, the span of time given to the Babylonian kindom before

789
GLOSSARY

the flood in the histories of Berosos And Abydenus (Pingree, ISIS, 1963: 238); in the text the

four kalpa are given in terms of the Pythagorean four elements as opposed to the terms of the

horoscope, "formation, continuance, decline, and disintegration" which is more common; cf.

Dictionary of Buddhist Terms and Concepts, 211-214; (al-un galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui

33r; (al-un galab bol(a(èi Barani bui; usun-u galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; usun galab

bol(a(èi Jayitari bui; kiy-yin galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; key-yin galab bol(a(èi

Burnavasu buyu 33r.

galbaranjan modun [Tib. dpag bsam lhon tsing; S. kalp-druma, kalpa vrksha]; the wish-

granting tree, a mythological tree (Lessing, 1170); Modun odun kemebesü ¯ögelen galbaranjan

modun-u gara( büküi 23r.

gara( [S. graha “seizer”, Tib. za]; planet; planets; known as “seizer” in Indian astrology

because they lay hold of the fates of men with their supernatural influence (Burgess, 1859:

275; see also Stone, 1981: 94); also rendered in Mongolian as gra(-a (KOT 60): gara( 54v;

taban gara( 2r; ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi gara( 2r; gara( ideši erikü edürün belge

dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v; qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i

tokiyaldu(ul¯u 21r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v;

Naran odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara( kememü 21v; Saran odun kemebesü door-a luus-un

qad-un gara( büküi 22r; 'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküi 22v; do(šin gara( 22v;

tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( kememüi 22v; Usun odun kemebesü yaa(š-a-

un qa(an-u gara( büküi 22v; Modun odun kemebesü ¯ögelen galbaranjan modun-u gara(

büküi 23r; Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara( büküi 23v; Široi odun kemebesü

790
GLOSSARY

dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( büküi 24r; gara( tegüs inu sayin 24v; gara( ba yabuqui

odun bügüde-yi ¯i(a¯u ögsügei 32v; isün gara( 32v; ni¯iged gara( bui 33r; gara( odun-u sayin

inu 38r; nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( 42v; odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in inu 55r; odun

gara(-lu(-a tegüs<s>ügsen-e mörgümüi 32r; ni¯iged gara(-lu(-a ni¯iged èa( bari(èi bui 33r;

gara(-ud 45v; gara(-ud-iyar; gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; gara(-ud-un; gara(-

ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin inu 39v; gara(-ud-un èinu-a 39v; gara(-ud-un

do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v; gara(-un qubil(an 39v; do(šin gara(-un dotor-a oroši¯u 43r.

gara(-ud the planets; [Tib. za; S. graha]; the planets; malevolent planetary spirits which

cause diseases such as epilepsy. Some are seasonal, such as the black dog, which comes in

the spring; cf. Waddell, 369; Cornu, 252; ör giküi-dür gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui

38v.

gargada [S. karkat}a]; crab: Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] ger 13r.

Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] ger [S. karkat}a]; the house of the Crab; Cancer; 6th sign of the

zodiac; the more commonly found Mongolian term for “crab” is naimalji from the stem

naiman "eight" referring to the crabs eight claws; this sign of the zodiac is now commonly

referred to as meneki-yin ger (see, for instance, melkhiin ger in the modern Mongolian

almanacs of Dechinchoinkhor monastery and Terbish): Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gertür

naran oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-dür meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r.

Garm-a dagini [S. karma “action”; S. d}~kin§]; Karma d}~kin§; one of the five d}~kin§ (49v).

gdanm-a [Tib. gtan "consort" + -m-a ?feminine ending]; consort; cf. Das, 521; arban qoyar

gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v.

791
GLOSSARY

gedesün stomach: terigün gedesün qoyar-tu beri ab 55v.

gegün mare: nigen gegün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi (odun) 33r, 33v.

ge¯ige(n) nape of the neck: ge¯ige-dür meküs dumda 52v; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu ge¯igen-dür

tögenetü kümün qula(uyu 29v.

gem harm: gem ülü bol- 37v, 51v; gem ügei dumda 49v, 49v, 49v;(a¯ar köndebesü gem

ügei 58v; nidün-dü gem-dü kümün 4v.

gemšil repentance; regret: kemor gemšil bolumui 50r.

gemšigüleng repentance; remorse: gemšigüleng bolqu 50v, 50v.

gen [Ch. gen/ken (Mathews, 3327)]; one of the eight trigrams: gen-dür uèira(san beri

niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri bui bügüdedü ma(u 54r.

geng/ging [Ch. geng/keng (Mathews, 3339)]; the 7th Heavenly stem: ii geng yile 7v; ii

geng edür 7v; ging baras sara 7v; ging luu sara 7v; ging morin sara 7v; ging beèin sara 7v;

ging noqai sara 7v; ging qulu(an-a sara 7v; ging luu èa( 7v; ging morin èa( 7v; ging beèin

èa( 7v; ging noqai èa( 7v; ging qulu(an-a èa( 7v; ging baras èa( 7v; ging šin<g> 41r; ging

šing 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

ger dwelling; house; loci, topos, sign, i.e., of the zodiac: ger 23r, 51v, 51v; ger baribasu 26r,

26v, 29v, 30v, 30v, 31v, 31v, 34r, 34r, 35r, 43r, 43v, 46v, 55v, 60r; köbegün-e ger baribasu

21v, 35r; köbegün-dür ger baribasu 34r; šin-e ger baribasu 24r, 35r; küü sang-un ger baribasu

25v; širid-ün ger baribasu 26v; qadan-dur ger baribasu 35v; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin

edür 37r; dabqur ger baribasu 43v; terigün-dür ger buu bari 55r; ger ed'kebesü 22v, 28v; debel

ba ger ed'kebesü 35r; ger negübesü 23v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 36r, 36v; ger ¯asabasu

792
GLOSSARY

25v, 35v, 36r, 36v, 37r; šin-e ger ba qota ¯asabasu 25r; ger bayišing qota ¯asabasu 28r; ger

tergen ¯asabasu 36r, 36v, 37r; ger dotor-a yampar qa(uèin bara(an bürin-e ¯asabasu 36r; ger

bosqabasu 28r; küü sang-un ger bosqabasu 20r; sang-un ger bosqabasu 36v; ger tergen

bosqabasu 37r, 42r; šin-e ger abubasu 29v; sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r; ebderegsen ger

buu selbi 34v; ger baribasu ¯ašabasu [=¯asabasu] 35v; qa(uèin ger ebdebesü 36r; ger büri-

36v, 47v; ger tergen šinedkebesü 45r; ger tergen arèi(ulbasu 54v; ger dotor-a qoor qomsa

bolqu 57v; ger-eèe nayir (arbasu 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v; gereèe nayir (arbasu 57r; ger-eèe

x 57v, 58r, 58r; ötegü ükügsen-ü gerte-eèe morin qudaldubasu 31r; isün gerte ni(u¯u 22v;

örön-e qandu(san gerte abèu odba 22v; nigen ger-ün bara(an-i nököge gerte ¯okiyabasu 36v;

gerte oro(ulu(èi 52v; šin-e kümün-i ülü asaraqu ba gerte ülü oro(ulqu edür 53v; ülü taèiyan

gerte oro(ulbasu 53v; gertegen ülü qariqu 48r; ger-tür-iyen qaribasu 36r; ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür

yegüdkü edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui 6r; ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkeküi-dür

ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder neme¯ü 6r; nara Qumqan-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-teki

darasun amtatu bolumui 8r; naran ®i(asun-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula usun-dur qamu( ¯i(asun

güimüi 9r; nara Qonin-u gertür oro(san-u tula Qonin èa(-iyar qura(alamui 10r; nara Üker-ün

ger-dür oro(san-u tula üker qurièaqui sar-a bui 11r; naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula.

yirtinèü-yin qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r; Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gertür

naran oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-dür meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r; naran Arsalan-u

gertür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki arsalan quraèimui 14r; naran Okin-u gertür oro(san-u tula

yirtinèü-deki<n> okid üjügürkeküi èa( bui 15r; naran Èinglegüür-ün gertür oro(san-u tula.

yirtinèü-deki dusul terigüten-i èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi 16r; naran Tiler-ün gertür oro(sun-u

793
GLOSSARY

tula. yirtinèü-deki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r; naran Numun-u gertür oro(san-u

tula yirtinèü-teki numun qata(uu küèütü bolumui 18r; naran Matar-un ger-dür oro(san-u tula

matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; šin-e ger-tür orobasu 22r, 23r, 25v, 26v, 28v, 36r, 36r, 36v,

37r, 37r, 47v; ger-dür yamparba kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü 35v; ger-dür ¯oèid irekü 57r; noqai

kegübesü ger-dür qula(ayièi oroqu 57v; ger-ün egüüde 23v; nigen ger-ün bara(an-i nököge

gerte ¯okiyabasu 36v; gerün e¯in 47v; ger-ün qo(osun anu 48v; gerün [n]iru(un metü 59v.

ger baribasu if one builds a dwelling (26r, 26v, 29v, 30v, 30v, 31v, 31v, 34r, 34r, 35r, 43r,

43v, 46v, 55v, 60r).

ger baribasu ¯ašabasu [=¯asabasu] if one builds or repairs a dwelling (35v).

ger bayišing qota ¯asabasu if one repairs a dwelling, building or city wall (28r).

ger bosqabasu if one erects a dwelling (28r).

ger büribesü if one covers a tent (36v).

ger dotor-a yampar qa(uèin bara(an bürin-e ¯asabasu if one thoroughly repairs any

of the old things in one’s home (36r).

ger ed'kebesü if one cuts out the material for a dwelling (22v, 28v).

ger ¯asabasu if one repairs one’s home (25v, 35v, 36r, 36v, 37r).

ger negübesü if one moves one’s home (23v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 36r, 36v).

ger tergen arèi(ulbasu if one has a tent cart cleaned (54v).

ger tergen bosqabasu if one erects a tent cart (37r, 42r).

ger tergen ¯asabasu if one repairs a dwelling or cart (36r, 36v, 37r).

ger tergen šinedkebesü if one renovates a tent cart (45r).

794
GLOSSARY

ger-eèe nayir (arbasu if one holds a banquet in one’s home (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v,

57v, 58r, 58r).

ger-dür-iyen qaribasu if one returns to one’s own dwelling (36r).

ger-ün niru(un ridgepole, i.e., of a house; refers to the figure of the 12th Chinese lunar

mansion wei, comprising three stars, " Aquarius and ,, 2 Pegasus (Schlegel, 1967:233):

gerün [n]iru(un metü 59v.

ger-ün qo(osun ?the doppelgänger of a [heavenly] loci (48v). It is said that the empty

home is of such bad quality it is demonized. See Sárközi BTD, 2437, p. 187. Mostaert, citing

Jäschke, gives a Tibetan equivalent as k'ang-stong "an empty house, which is thought a fit

place for sorcery and necromancy” (MMAD, 36, n. 94; Jäschke, 38a). The reference must also

have an astrological meaning, which is more relevant. The term qo(osun refers to an occult

form or doppelgänger (Ch. kong/k’ung “empty” [cf. Ho 2003: 122]), and ger, a celestial house

as in the signs of the zodiac. See, for example, the phrase ordon inu qo(osun in the

Kâlacakra (KOT 77). Cf. also under qo(osun and qo(osun qumq-a.

geresengeri ?: geresengeri 59r.

gergi wife; Usun odun uèirabasu gergi olqu 46v.

ges- to melt; thaw: (a¯ar usun èöm gesümüi 9r.

gešigün [yan lag]; limb; member; the reference here is to the various parts of ritual (cf.

Lessing, 1170): ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi gara( 2r.

795
GLOSSARY

geyi-/gi- to dawn, grow light: ör geyigsen 42v; ör geyiküi-dür 38v, 39r, 39r, 42r; ör giküi-

dür gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; ör geyimü 2r, 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

gi/gii 1. [Ch. ji/chi (Mathews, 429)]; the 6th heavenly stem; [see under ¯i]; 2. [Ch. zhi/chih

“to uphold, protect” (Mathews, 996); Mong. saki(èi]; 6th of the twelve lords of the day:

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v; gi

saki(èi edür 36r èing gii edür sayin 48v.

gin [Ch. qian/ch’ien (Mathews, 3233)]; one of the eight trigrams: gin-dür uèira(san beri

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri bugüde-dü toli bui 54r.

ging 1. [Chinese geng]; the 7th Heavenly stem; [see under geng]; 2. Tib. letter ki (Jäschke,

3a): ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v.

ginggang [Tib. king kang/kang dang king]; a terrifying deity, which is said to signify

Râhu/Râhula; (cf. Jäschke, 3b, 2b); cf. also Mostaert DO, 548; ODT, 147; ginggang güikü

edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v; ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg

bui 20v; ginggang kemebesü nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( kememüi qamu(-i ügeyiregülügèi

qara šimu kememü 42v; öšiyerkü qara edür ginggang šingpüng güiküi edür ma(u 53r.

giškim whereas alqum is the measure of a pace or step, i.e., a yard; giškim is the measure

of one footprint, i.e., a foot (see Altangerel, MAT, under alxam, p. 14 and (4T(^<, p. 88;

nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge ese tanibasu söni-

dür (ada(adu bui 6v; nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge

tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v.

796
GLOSSARY

göq-a ?hook [transcription and translation uncertain]: jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-a-bar

tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v.

görögeèin šimnus hunter demons: görögeèin šimnus-un odun 59r.

görögesün ungulate; here specifically the antelope: görögesü terigün metü 59v; (urban

odun-u düri inü görögesün-ü terigün metü bui 26r; (urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan

metü bui 29v; (urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün metü bui 30r.

gšan [S. kshana; Uy. kšan < Tokh. A]; moment, small fraction of time = the time of an

arrow shot by a marksman to pierce a leaf: eng terigün gšan kiged nige da(un kemekü qoyar

¯üil buyu 5r; eng terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi

to(alaqui tedüi buyu 5r; nigen gšan-aèa ekile¯ü edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u 5r.

güi [Ch. gui/kuei (Mathews 3628)]; the 10th of the ten heavenly stems: güi 52r; uu güi yile

7v; uu güi edür 7v; güi taulai sara 7v; güi taulai èa( 7v; güi mo(ai sara 7v; güi mo(ai èa(

7v; güi qonin sara 7v; güi qonin èa( 7v; güi takiy-a sara 7v; güi takiy-a èa( 7v; güi (aqai sara

7v; güi (aqai èa( 7v; güi üker sara 7v; güi üker èa( 7v; šim güi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r/šim yii

[=güi] 52r, 52r.

güi- to run, e.g. of fish, of demons: šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v’ Bati

bata güikü edürün belge inu ala( nidün bui 20v; ginggang güikü edürün belge inu qoyar qara

dusul bui 20v; baling do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v; erlig-ün èinu-a

güikü na(šidar 28r; qara šingpüng güiküi 42r; ginggang šingpüng güiküi edür 53r; güimüi

42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v; usun-u dotor-a ¯i(asun güimüi 8r; usun-dur qamu( ¯i(asun güimüi

9r; ideši eren güimüi 40r, 40r; [x] ¯üg güimüi 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r; edür düli emün-e ¯üg-eèe

797
GLOSSARY

umara ¯üg güimüi 40r; örön-e-eèe doron-a ¯üg söni düli güimüi 40r; qoyar sarayin Baras Beèin

edür söni düli güimüi 42r; egüni güikü eser'gü èirig uduridbasu 40r; edür nara ur(u(san

qoyin-a güimüi 42r; Baras Beèin edür ör geyiküi-dür güimüi 42r; Üker Qonin edür nara

šinggeküi èa(tur güimüi 42r; Tabun sarayin Üker Qonin edür nara ur(uqui èa(tur güimüi 42r;

®ir(u(an sarayin üker Qonin edür nara manduqui-dur güimüi 42v; Dolo(an sarayin Luu

Noqai edür nara manduqui èa(tur güimüi 42v; ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in

güiküi edür 43v.

güièe-/güièi- to mature, e.g., of animals: morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün

güièimüi 12r; belge inu qonin èaddu(ad tar(u güièiyü 13r.

güilesü apricot: alim-a güilesü terigüten ¯imis ur(umui 13r.

güri basket; refers to Chinese ji/chi (Mathews 402) “the basket,” the 7th Chinese lunar

mansion corresponding to the Udarisad; it comprises four stars, (, *, , Sagittarius and $

Telescope (Schlegel, 1967: 161): dörbel¯in küri odun 59r.

g’zangdang [Tib. gza’ bdun]; planet: Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang ildanblan

kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab] 32r.

ibegel protection; bride’s protector; cf. Mostaert, MMAD, 48, n. 108; Hangin 1975: 86, note

13; for the ibegel in the marriage ceremony, see RRS, 566: (abiy-a-tu sarayin šinede ibegel

edür ba(u(daqui 52r; ¯asal ¯asan ¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu ibegel ögküi abqui gara( odun ¯il saran

edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü anu 54v;

qulu(an-a luu beèin ¯ilten ibegel ¯okiqu 54v.

798
GLOSSARY

idegen food, viands: eldeb idegen kiged takil beledèü talbi(ad tngri (a¯ar-<y>i taki 32v;

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu 43r; ed idegen oldayu 45v; ed idegen olqu bui 56v;

idegen olqu 49v, 50v; idegen umda(an uèaraqu 50r, 50r, 50r; darasun idegen uèaram 50r;

idegen qurim uèaraqu 50r; idegen idegülügèi 52v; idegen-dü uèaraqu 50r; darasun idegen-dür

uèiraqu 58r; ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r.

ideši food, nourishment, e.g., for demons: gara( ideši erikü edürün 20v; saran-lu(-a edür

qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin 39v; tngri-yin noqai

ideši erikü edür 20v; ginggang ideši erikü edür 20v; (a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edür 20v;

(a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r; ideši eren güimüi 40r, 40r; ideši ereküi èa( 42v;

gara(-ud-un do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v.

ii [Ch. yi/i (Mathews 3017)]; the 2nd Heavenly stem: ii 52r; ii geng; ii geng yile 7v; ii geng

edür 7v; ii taulai sara 7v; ii mo(ai sara 7v; ii qonin sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ii (aqai sara 7v;

ii üker sara 7v; ii taulai èa( 7v; ii mo(ai èa( 7v; ii qonin èa( 7v; ii takiy-a èa( 7v; ii (aqai

èa( 7v; ii üker èa( 7v; ¯a ii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

i¯a(ur origin; descent, extraction; clan: na(šidar-a i¯a(ur obo(-iyar il(abasu 61r; (a¯ar

ködelbesü barama i¯a(ur-tan-a ma(ui 31v.

ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen [S. bhagavant; Tib. bcom ldan ‘das]; victoriously passed beyond:

ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen burqan 1v.

ildanbala [Tib. ldan ba la]; completion: Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala

kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab] 32r.

ildün sword, sabre: qoyar odun-u düri inu ildün metü bui 28r.

799
GLOSSARY

il(al classification; see BTD, 322, #4600 ff.; SE I, 219; ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi

gara( ba edür-ün ilegüü duta(uu odun na(šidar-un kürdün qono(-un (urban ¯üil il(al

terigüten-i medegdekü 2r; qariqui ba. abqu gegeküi-yin il(al 2v; ma(u il(al 56v; èa(-un

il(al-<y>i medesügei 5r; sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v.

il(ari distinctive: il(ari 26v; okin bögesü il(ari bui 23r.

ina(u[n]ki [S. samvr}ti-satya; Tib. kun rdzob kyi bden pa]; surface, i.e., superficial or

relative reality or truth, as contrasted to ünemleküi ünen (Lessing, 1171): (urban èa(-un

uqa(-a edüi bodgalis-dur ina(u[n]ki terigüten šitün barildaqui üiles keregtü kemen 1v.

in¯i dowry: köbegün-e ömèi ülü ögküi. okin-dur in¯i ülü ögküi ma(u edür inu 53v.

iro-a omen, presage, auspice: Qulu(an-a edür iro-a buu ü¯e 34r; Qulu(an-a edür iro-a ülü

ü¯ekü 57r; ger-eèe x sayin iro-a bui 57v.

irüger irügebesü if one offers a blessing (27v).

isangla- [Mong. erke tegülder bol-]; to invest with power; promote: noyan isanglabasu 61r;

noyad isanglaqu 35v; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür 37r; Üker

edür noyan ülü isanglaqu 57r.

isgarma [Tib. skar ma] star: Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala

kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab] 32r.

isün nine: önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sarayin arban tabun edüge ene on-u qubi sarayin

nigen šinide tokiyaldumui 7r; Isün sara 16r, 16r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; isün adqu široi 22r;

isün aya(-a usun 22r; isün kümün 22r, 22v, 26r, 27v, 53v; isün ger 22v; isün qono( 23r; isün

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GLOSSARY

doboèa( široi 23v; isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür kemekü na(šidar bui 25r;

isün odun 26r; egüdügsen isün tngri-yi uribasu 28v; isün ¯üil tariyan 30r, 31r; isün ¯üil öngge-

dü keb-üd 32v; isün gara( 32v; isün ¯iruqai 42v; isün ¯uil modu 50v; nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-

yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad buyu 34r, 59r; nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi

Abiji buyu 34r; isün isün-e ma(u 53r; isün šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 54r; šinein isün 39v, 41v, 44v; arban isün 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 54r; qorin isün 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

37v, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 58v; qorin isün bitegüü bolumui 3r;

isün-e 38r, 56r; isün isün-e ma(u 53r; arban isün-e 10r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 53r, 56r; qorin

isün-e 11r, 12r, 38v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 47v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r; ¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-

eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r.

isün gara( the nine planets (32v); the Teutonic week. Included with the seven gara(

which comprise the days of the week there are two additional gara(, Râhu and Ketu, to make

nine total. Râhu, which designates the moon's ascending node is mythological and belongs

to the monster in the heavens, which by the ancient Hindus and others was believed to

occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by attempting to devour them. The moon's

descending node was deified in a similar way as Ketu. Cf. Burgess, 194;

isün ¯iruqai magic square (42v); cf. Cornu 1997:102-107.

isün ¯üil modu nine kinds of wood (50v).

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GLOSSARY

isün ¯üil öngge-dü keb-üd nine kinds of colored silks (32v).

isün ¯üil tariyan nine kinds of grains. Various kinds of grains are listed in Sárközi's BTD,

5646-5670, pp. 386-387. The Vaidûrya dKar-po mentions seven kinds of crops used in ritual

(TEDP, 216); five kinds of grain are mentioned in the Zhiyuan yiyu/Tche-yuan yi-yu (Ligeti

and Kara, 1990: 267-268); there is a also a Chinese constellation, the eight grains (bagu/pa-ku

[Schlegel, 378]): isün ¯üil tariyan 30r, 31r.

isün ¯üil tariyan-i ¯anèibasu if one thrashes the nine kinds of grain (30r).

Isün sara the ninth month: (16r, 16r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v).

isün šin-e the ninth day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 40r, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 54r; šinein isün 39v, 41v, 44v).

iši(n) 1. stem; 2. prophecy; 3. principal or first wife of a noble: iši ü¯igülbesü 28r; iši buu

ü¯igül 34r;Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v; noyan iši ¯ol(abasu 37r; noyad iši-dür

¯ol(obasu sayin 35v; išiten tübšidkü üiles 61r; tu(-un išin-tü uya¯u 50v.

iši ü¯igülbesü if one reveals a prophecy (28r).

išiten ?prophets: išiten tübšidkü üiles (61r).

itegel [S. nâtha; Tib. mgon po]; Lord, protector; refuge; applied to various deities (Lessing,

1172): ende amitan-u itegel burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g 2r.

802
GLOSSARY

itegel ügei skeptical; in context, a good quality; köbegün töröbesü biy-e bildar (oo-a üges-

dür urin [=uran] bolu(ad oyun qurdun olan sana(atu itegelügei böged nayan nasulaqu buyu

61r.

Jagavar/JagŸarvadi [S. Cakravartin; Mong. kürdün ergülügèi qa(an]; The "Wheel

turning King" or ruler of the universe; cf. Lessing, 504; Waddell, 389: köbegün töröbesü

JagŸarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saèa(uu boluyu 26v; tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali bui 32v;

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a neretü qoyar odun bui

32v.

Jagr-a sambur-a Cakrasambara; the "Binder of Energy Centers," a purely symbolic tantric

deity; cf. Lopez (Tibet), 41; Beyer (1973): 41-42; Jagr-a sambur-a 1v; Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin

yosu(ar 3r.

Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün the Úri-cakrasamvara-tantarâja, cf. Ligeti (1944): 19. see

also KOT, 13; Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün 2v.

janggün/sanggün [Ch. jiangjun/chiang-chün, “the general,” (Mathews 656.h.13)] “ike

jangjun tenggeri,” (Pentagot dictionary, 17445, p. 998); the Chinese asterism

tiandajiangjun/t’ien-ta-chiang-chün (the great celestial general), (, < and another star in

Andromeda and *, ,, ( and another star in Triangulum; ( Andromeda represented the Great

celestial general (Schlegel, 1967: 339; Staal, 1984: 55; Allen, 1963: 416; Ho 1966: 89); Tib.

tsan-kun (TEDP, 122-126): janggün, 9v, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r; janggün

doron-a 8r; sanggün umar-a 19r.

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GLOSSARY

Jayitari/Èayitari/Jayitar [S. Citrâ]; one of the nakshatra: Jayitari 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 21r, 37v, 52r, 59r, 59v, 60v/Èayitari 19v; Èa(-un kürdün-

dür qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi ¯il-ün terigün bol(a¯u 3r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un

kürdüèin-dür qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 10r; Jayitari na(šidar 28r; o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r; usun galab bol(a(èi Jayitari bui 33r; miqaèi ¯a(an Jayitari buyu

34r; Ašivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar

key-yin èinar bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al

bui 61r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v; debel qubèasun

eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v; em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü

[. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 56r; Kerteg Margašar Èayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v;

Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

The appearance of its one star is like a sabre (28v); " Virginis (Spica). Svâtî, the following

nakshatra is said to mean “sword” Citrâ is said to mean “brilliant.”

jen [Ch. zhen/chen (Mathews 315)]; one of the eight trigrams: jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-

a-bar tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v.

jii Tib. letter zi: šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v.

jindamuni/èindamuni [S. cintâmani; Tib. yid bzhin nor bu]; the wishfulling jewel; (cf.

ODT, 19); when the older Uigur form is the source, then the Mongolian form is èindamuni;

when the source is via Tibetan, the Mongolian form is jindamuni; these alternative forms are

also found in the Mongolian translation of the Kâlacakra (KOT 144, 275): jindamuni 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r; ögede qandu(san jindamuni 44v; öl¯ei

804
GLOSSARY

qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; kelinèitü edürün belge inu

qara èindamuni bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(san jindamuni ene bui 45r; qara jindamuni

ene bui 45r; jindamuni metü 59v;dörben odun-u düri inu jindamuni metü bui 28v.

jva Tib. grapheme t’se: do(šin edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r.

¯a [Ch. jia/chia (Mathews 610)]; first, chief; first of the ten heavenly stems: ¯a ii 41r, 52r,

52r, 52r, 52r, 52r; ¯a ¯i kemekü 7r; ¯a yii yile 7v; ¯a gi edür 7v; ¯a baras sara 7v; ¯a luu sara 7v;

¯a morin sara 7v; ¯a beèin sara 7v; ¯a noqai sara 7v; ¯a qulu(an-a sara 7v; ¯a luu èa( 7v; ¯a

morin èa( 7v; ¯a beèin èa( 7v; ¯a noqai èa( 7v; ¯a qulu(an-a èa( 7v; ¯a baras èa( 7v.

¯absar interval; period between; duration: Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a edür ¯absar-du 58v.

¯adala- to make rain with magic spells (32r), cf. Utz (1998: 1-1-121).

¯adalabasu if one makes rain with magic spells (32r).

¯a(al having dark spots on the neck and shoulders (of a stallion or gelding): ¯a(an [=¯a(al]

morin qudaldubasu sayin bui 17r; ¯a(al morin sur(abasu 29r.

¯a(al morin sur(abasu if one trains a horse having dark spots on its neck and shoulders

(29r).

¯a(aldubasu if one sues, litigates a lawsuit (35v, 47v).

¯a(an elephant: tabun odun-u düri inu ¯a(an metü bui 30v; miqaèi ¯a(an odun 59r; miqaèi

¯a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v; miqaèi ¯a(an Jayitari buyu 34r; èo(tu yeke ¯a(an-dur tariyan

buu tari 33v; èo(tu yeke ¯a(an Mig buyu 34r; ¯a(an-u terigün metü 59v, 59v; ¯ir(u(an odun-

u düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui 29v; (urban odun[-u] düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui

31r.

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GLOSSARY

¯a(u(n) one hundred: ¯a(u qono(-du tüimer šitaqu 60r; ¯a(u qono(-du ükükü 60r; nigen

qono(-i ¯a(un möèi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun 6r; nigen edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi

buyu 6r; Savadai na(šidar kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi na(šidar 28v; nigen

kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Suvadi buyu 33v;

nigen gegün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen gegün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Burvabadaribad

buyu 33v; nigen üker-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen üker-<y>i ¯a(un bol(a(èi

Rôkini buyu 33v; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un

bol(a(èi Asli( buyu 33v; nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r;

nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi Rivad'i buyu 33v; ¯a(un amin-dur kürümüi

47v.

¯a(ur-a/¯i(ur-a in the interval; while; during the time; a term to mark the period between

successive events, in particular, the new moon: ¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-de

¯irgemüi 8r; ¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] eliy-e šiba(un qošiyalamui 9r; ¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] qamu(

šiba(ud iremüi 10r; ¯a(ur-a kökeg[e] šiba(un dong(oddumui 11r; ¯a(ur-a salbarun ¯ul¯a(an

degde¯ü nisümüi 12r; ¯a(ur-a kir(a(ul šiba(un ¯ul¯a(lamui 13r; ¯a(ur-a kökege<g> šiba(un

emüneši qarimui 14r; ¯a(ura ularu šiba(un qoršiyalamui 15r; ¯a(ur-a anggir (ala(un qarimui

16r; ¯a(ur-a usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u qa(dalamui 17r; ¯a(ur-a salbar šiba(un

öndegelemüi 18r; ¯a(ura qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 19r; ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin

¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33v; kümün-i èidker-<y>i bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ula(èi

Burnavasu buyu 33v; kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi Tanis buyu 33v;

806
GLOSSARY

¯a(ur-a qula(ai uèiraqu 50r; (a¯ar ködelbesü ar(-a beligten [=biligten] öber ¯a(uraban

ebderemü 31v.

¯a(uraki intermediate, situated in between; a term marking the period between successive

events; bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki-yi to(ala¯u (urban ¯a(un ¯iran bol(abasu

nigen dusul bolumui 5r.

¯ali 1. flame; spirit; 2. ruse, cunning, trick, deceit: ar(-a ¯ali yeke-dü bui 28r; su¯ali-yu(an

taki¯u 21v; suu ¯ali-yu(an taki- 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v, 25v, 28v.

¯am road: ¯am ¯asabasu 19r.

¯am ¯asabasu if one repairs a road (19r).

¯an [Ch. jian/chien (Mathews 853); Mong. e¯ilegèi]; to found, establish; 1st of the twelve

lords of the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v; ¯an e¯ilegèi edür 35v.

¯anèi- 1. to beat, hit, punish; 2. to thrash, i.e., grain: isün ¯üil tariyan-i ¯anèibasu 30r; edür

kümün-i ülü qariyaqu ¯anèiqu 57v; Noqai edür noqai ülü te¯igekü ülü alaqu ülü ¯anèiqu 58r.

¯ar(u lawsuit: ¯ar(u ¯a(aldubasu 42v; ¯ar(u qa(albasu 19r, 25v, 29v.

¯ar(u ¯a(aldubasu if one litigates a lawsuit (42v).

¯ar(u qa(albasu if one settles a lawsuit (19r, 25v, 29v).

¯a(aldu- to litigate: ¯ar(u ¯a(aldubasu 42v.

¯arimdu( vaèir half-vajra: ¯arimdu( vaèir 38r; qariqui edürün belge inu ¯arimdu( vaèir

bui 20r.

807
GLOSSARY

¯arli( edict: ¯arli( nom kiged Nagajuna terigüten degedü merged-ün ta(alal 4r; ¯arlig bièig

tarqabasu 18r; ¯arli( bolurun sadhu kemeged ¯arli( bolurun 32v; ¯arli( nom medekü bolumui

37v; ¯arli(-un èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 22v.

¯arlig bièig tarqabasu if one disseminates an edict (18r).

¯arli(-un èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu if an assembly is convened for a decree (22v).

¯arudasun servant, slave, messanger: ¯arudasun quduldubasu 24v, 30r; gara(-ud-un ideši

ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin 39v; üküger qara ¯arudasun odun 59r; bo(ol ¯arudasun

abqui 61v.

¯arudasun quduldubasu if one trades a slave (24v, 30r).

¯asa- to repair; to treat, i.e., an illness: ¯am ¯asabasu 19r; ordo qarši ¯asabasu 21v; qota

¯asabasu 22v, 23v, 24r, 29r; šin-e ger ba qota ¯asabasu 25r; ger ¯asabasu 25v, 35v, 36r, 37r;

ger baribasu ¯asabasu 30v/ger baribasu ¯ašabasu [=¯asabasu] 35v; ger tergen ¯asabasu 36r, 36v,

37r; ger dotor-a yampar qa(uèin bara(an bürin-e ¯asabasu 36r; qa(uèin ger ¯asabasu 36v; ger

bayišing qota ¯asabasu 28r; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu 30r; šin-e širigen oro ¯asabasu

36v; ebedèin-i ¯asabasu 36v; qa(uèin üküger-ün yasun ¯asabasu 36v; suba( ¯asabasu 42r;

qabèi(ai ¯asabasu 46v; qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 8r, 19r; ¯asal ¯asan ¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu

54v; ¯asaqu 47v.

¯asal treatment; a medical term, used in both empirical and unempirical contexts; here

refers especially to magical or ritual treatment; see Bawden, SE II, 162-163: kereg ¯asal

üiledbesü 30v; ger-dür yamparba kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü 35v; kereg ¯asal kibesü 44v; em ¯asal

808
GLOSSARY

èungla(ulbasu 35v; èa(an ¯asal 45r; èa(an ¯asal kibesü 39v; qara sarayin ¯asal 50v; ¯asal ¯asan

¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu 54v.

¯aya(a(n) fate, destiny, predestination: köbegün töröbesü mungqa( böged usun-dur ükükü

¯aya(atu bui 31r; qoyar ¯aya(an-u üile-dür (abiy-a ügei bolumui 27r.

¯ayid- to tie the hair on the crown of the head: nigen kümün üsün-iyen ¯ayidèu 24r

¯ayila- to abstain from something: burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu širo(ai-dur adali egün-

eèe ¯ayila¯u 48r; qamu( ma(u üiles ¯ayilaqu buyu 42v; yeke negüdel yabubasu maši ma(u

keèiyen ¯ayilatu(ai 41v; aliba üiles egün-eèe ¯ayila(daqu bolai 58v; tere maši qata(uu do(šin-

u tulada. ¯ayila(daqui 43r; aliba üiles-i tegün-eèe ¯ayila(daqui 43r.

¯egerde/¯igerde red, chestnut: ¯egerde/¯igerde 52v; ¯egerde qal¯an morin 4v; ¯igerde morin

21v, 22v.

¯egeren [Ch. huangyang]; antelope: ¯egeren taki qošiyalamui 18r.

¯egün left: ¯egün köl 24r; ¯egün qabar(-a 55r; ¯egünde 58v, 58v/¯egü[n]de 58v.

¯ele rope stretched along the ground to which tethers for cattle are attached (Lessing, 1045);

qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v.

¯ele-yin (adasun picket post, tethering post; to see this picket post and its use in ritual, cf.

Chabros, illus. 9; qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v.

¯erge rank; level: degedüs-ün ¯erge-dür oroqu 24r; ma(ui arad-i sayid-un ¯erge-dür

oro(ulu(èi 33r; ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un ¯erge-düroro(ulu(èi Qasta buyu 33v; tüšimed-ün

¯erge-eèe ba(ura(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ur(ulu(èi Abaji buyu

33v.

809
GLOSSARY

¯i/yii/gi/gii [Ch. ji/chi (Mathews 429)]; the 6th heavenly stem: ¯i/gii 52r; ¯a ¯i kemekü 7r; ¯a

yii [=¯i] yile 7v; ¯a gi [=¯i] edür 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; gii qonin sara 7v; gi

takiy-a sara 7v; gi (aqai sara 7v; gi üker sara 7v; gi taulai èa( 7v; gi mo(ai èa( 7v; gi qonin

èa( 7v; gi takiy-a èa( 7v; gii (aqai èa( 7v; gi üker èa( 7v; uu gii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r/uu ¯ii 52r.

¯ibqara(san-i eribesü if one seeks what is missing (23v).

¯i(uèi matchmaker; go-between: ede sarada ¯i(uèi-du ma(u bui 51r.

¯i(ulèilabasu if one travels (21v, 22v, 25v, 25v, 27r, 28r, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 32r, 35r, 35r,

35r, 60r).

¯i(ulèin traveler: ¯i(ulèin kümün mör (arqu na(šidar bui 26v; ¯i(ulèin yabubasu 41r;

¯i(ulèin mör türidkegèi odun 59r; Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui 60v; ¯i(ulèin

ülü yabumui 60v.

¯i(ulèin yabubasu if a traveler leaves (41r).

¯igür wing: šiba(un ¯igürtü 55v.

¯il year: ¯il 51r, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 58v, 58v; ¯il kiged naiman ayima( terigüten

(a¯ar usun-u e¯id ba èi(ulqui qariqui ba. qami(-a sa(uqui terigüten-i Kitad-un to(oèin-u

yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v; ¯il ur(uqui-yin terigün-dür šinelekü 3r; ¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui

4r; nigen gšan-aèa ekile¯ü edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u 5r; arban qoyar sar-a nigen ¯il 5r; nara

emüneši odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu nigen ¯il bolumui 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-

u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui. tegün-eèe ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkü edür ni¯iged

ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui. tende-eèe nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji

edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui. tegünèe ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür

810
GLOSSARY

yegüdkeküi-dür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder neme¯ü ¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür kürbesü nigen

¯il bolumui 6r; ene saban ekilegsen ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r; qarši ¯il sabanügey-eèe bolbasu qarši

¯il tokiyaldumui 7r; ali ¯il tus bolbasu ülü yegüdken qulu(an-a-aèa terigülen 7r; ali ¯il bögesü

qoyitu qoyar ¯il qaburun ekin bolumui 7r; door-a to(ori(èi arban qoyar sara-dur nigen ¯il 33r;

nigen edür-dü nigen ¯il bui 33r; ¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r; èa(an

baras king šing. qara mo(ai šim küi. köke beèin ¯a ii šira (aqai uu gii ed naiman ¯il qara bui

41r; odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-<y>i il(a¯u bièisügei 46r; ¯il odun qoyar-

un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v; na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u

il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v; ¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u bièisügei 48r;

ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyal-du(ul¯u ü¯egdeküi 51r; ede önggetü ¯il orobasu ¯iran ¯üil il(a¯u ü¯e

52r; ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v; u(tu(èi-yin ¯il 52r; ¯asal ¯asan ¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu

ibegel ögküi abqui gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v; Baras

Morin Noqai ¯il emün-e sayin 55v; Taulai Qonin 'aqai ¯il doron-a sayin 55v; Qulu(ana Luu

Beèin ¯il doron-a umara sayin 55v; Üker Mo(ai Takiy-a ¯il örön-e umara sayin 55v; qariyal

keyibesü (urban ¯il-dü ülü bütükü 42r; ¯il-dür arban qoyar sara bui 3r; (urban ¯il-dür nigen

saban sar-a bol- 3r, 4r; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu qulu(an-a ¯il-dür qaburun dumdadu sara

qoyar 4r; Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; Morin ¯il-dür namurun dumdadu sara

qoyar 4r; Takiy-a ¯il-dür ebülün dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; nigen ¯il-dür (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür

bui 33r; Qulu(an-a Morin ¯il-e qaburun dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi namurun dumdadu

ügegüregülegèi 41r; Üker Qonin ¯il-e qaburun eèüs ür-e tasulu(èi. namurun eèüs

ügeyiregülügèi sar-a bui 41r; Baras Beèin ¯il-e ¯un-u terigün ür-e tasulu(èi. ebülün terigün

811
GLOSSARY

ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r; Taulai Takiy-a ¯il-e ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi. ebülün

dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara bui 41r; Luu Noqai ¯il-e ¯un-ueèüs ür-e tasulu(èi ebülün eèüs

ügeyir[e]gülügèi sara bui 41r; Mo(ai 'aqai ¯il-e qaburun terigün ür-e tasulu(èi namurun

terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r; öèüken ¯il-lu(-a [=¯il-lüge] ni¯iged odun bui. ni¯iged

gara( bui 33r; ¯ilten 24r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v; taulai qoni (aqai ¯ilten

qara morin unu¯u 22r; ¯iltü 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v; qulu(an-

a ¯iltü okin-i taulai ¯iltüdü buu ög 54v; üker ¯iltü okin-i luu ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; baras ¯iltü

okin-i mo(ai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; taulai ¯iltü okin-i morin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; luu ¯iltü okin-i

qonin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; mo(ai ¯iltü okin-i beèin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; morin ¯iltü okin-i

takiy-a ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; qonin ¯iltü okin-i noqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; beèin ¯iltü okin-i

(aqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i qulu(an-a ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; noqai ¯iltü-yi

ükertü buu ög 54v; (aqai ¯iltü-yi baras ¯iltüdü buu ög 54v; noqai ¯iltü-yi ükertü buu ög 54v;

qulu(an-a ¯iltü kümün 53r; Jayitari sara-yi ¯il-ün terigün bol(a¯u 3r; ¯il-ün terigün 10r;

dötüger arban qoyar ¯ilün sayin ma(u-yi ügülesügei 34r; qubi sarayindolo(an šinide Baras

¯ilün qarši beèin ¯ügqadqu 50v; ¯il-ün öngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ü¯ikü kürdün ene bui 52r; er-e-

yin ¯il-ün eki èa(tu ba(uqu bui 52r; ¯il-ün Tayisui kemebesü Qulu(an-a Üker ¯il doron-a.

Baras Taulai ¯il emün-e. Luu Mo(ai ¯il emün-e örön-e. Morin Qonin ¯il örön-e. Beèin Takiy-a

¯il örön-e umara. Noqai 'aqai ¯il umara. ede ¯üg-dü sa(umu 55v; Qulu(an-a Üker 'aqai

812
GLOSSARY

(urban ¯ilün (a¯ar-un ba(atud umar-a 58v; Baras Taulai Luu (urban ¯il-ün (a¯ar-un ba(atud

doron-a 58v; ¯ilün qo(osun 60r.

¯il-ün Tayisui [Ch. Taisui jinian (Ho 2003: 32-33); Tib. lo-skar che-ba]; see under tayisui:

¯il-ün Tayisui kemebesü Qulu(an-a Üker ¯il doron-a. Baras Taulai ¯il emün-e. Luu Mo(ai ¯il

emün-e örön-e. Morin Qonin ¯il örön-e. Beèin Takiy-a ¯il örön-e umara. Noqai 'aqai ¯il

umara. ede ¯üg-dü sa(umu 55v.

¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un qara the black times of the years, months, days and hours: ¯il

kiged sar-a edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r.

¯il-ün terigün the beginning of the year: Jayitari sara-yi ¯il-ün terigün bol(a¯u 3r; ¯il-ün

terigün 10r.

¯imis fruit: alim-a güilesü terigüten ¯imis ur(umui 13r; modun cim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü

14r; qamu( šiba(un tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui 15r.

¯ingle- to apply a compress or poultice: tögenebesü ¯inglebesü 22v, 36v, 37r.

¯inglebesü if one applies a poultice (22v, 36v, 37r).

¯iran sixty: ¯iran da(un nigen möèe 5r; ¯iran möèi nigen qubi 5v; ¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen

qono( bolumui 5v; ede önggetü ¯il orobasu ¯iran ¯üil il(a¯u ü¯e 52r; ¯iran nasulayu 61v, 61v.

¯ir(alang [S. sukha; Tib. bde ba]; enjoyment; pleasure (Lessing 1193): ¯ir(alang boluyu

50r; ¯ir(alang-<y>i küsebesü 1v; amu(ulang ¯ir(alang-i törögülkü-yin tulada 2v; ¯ir(alang-tu

46r, 52v; tegüs ¯ir(alang-tu bol- 25v, 27v, 29r; öl¯i qutu( tegüs¯ü ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v.

¯ir(u(an six: ¯ir(u(an 25r; qamtudqui-yin ¯ir(u(an qubi-dur šitü¯ü 2r; ¯ir(u(an ere

sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r; ¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r;

813
GLOSSARY

¯ir(u(an qono( tasura- 3r, 3r; qono( tasura(san ¯ir(u(an sar-a 3v; ¯ir(u(an amisqaqui 5v;

¯ir(u(an sar-a 5v; ¯ir(u(an qono( 5v; ¯ir(u(an tedüiken qubi 5v; edür ¯ir(u(an èa( 5v; söni

¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u 5v; ¯ir(u(an qubi 6r, 6r; ¯ir(u(an edür 26v; ¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi 6v,

6v, 6v; ¯ir(u(an edür-yi nigedbesü nigen saban sara bolumui 6v; ¯ir(u(an yeke (sar-a) 6v;

¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a 6v; ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r; edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi söni

(uèin dörben qubi 8r; söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r; edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 13r; söni qorin

¯ir(u(an qubi 14r; edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 18r; söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r; ¯ir(u(an orod

8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; ¯ir(u(an šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v,

15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v,

50v, 50v; šinein ¯ir(u(an 38r, 38r, 53r; ®ir(u(an sara 13r, 13r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r,

41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; ¯ir(u(an

kümün 25r, 25r, 26r; ¯ir(u(an odun 25r, 27r, 27v, 29v, 59v, 59v; ¯ir(u(an qadu(ur odun 32v,

33v; ¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu 34r; ¯ir(u(an na(šidar 56v; ¯ir(u(an-a 39v, 55v;

¯ir(u(an-a 43r; ¯ir(u(an-a tarqamui 38r.

¯ir(u(an orod six senses; the 5th link in the cycle of dependent origination (šitün

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the horse of the twelve animals: morin ¯ir(u(an

orod 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

814
GLOSSARY

¯ir(u(an šin-e the sixth day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v; šinein

¯ir(u(an 38r, 38r, 53r).

¯ir(u(an teryinar the six heretics of India who had to be overcome by Buddha

Shakyamuni; see RRS, 371: ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r.

®ir(u(an sara the sixth month: (13r, 13r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v).

¯irge- to chirp, of birds: ¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi 8r.

¯iru( ¯irubasu if one draws a picture (15r).

¯iruqai n. line, design; mathematics, calculation; astrology (Lessing 1062); matrix. In the

manual ¯iruqai refers to mathematics as the art of the matrix, ari(un gegen-e ¯iruqai-dur tegši

¯okiyabai 2v, biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(šidar 26r, ¯iruqai to(alabasu 31v; the

term also refers to a symbol, kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui

20r, tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui 20v; isün ¯iruqai refers to the nine square

divination form (Tib. sme-ba dgu, Ch. jiu gong), isün ¯iruqai ene metü ¯iruyu 42v.

¯iruqai to(alabasu if one calculates a matrix (31v); perhaps this refers to calculating the

divination "magic squares" or mewas. Cf. Cornu,. 102-126.

¯irüken heart: Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur 2v; ®irüken tarni uribasu 25v; burqan ong(od-

un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v; bayar qurim keyibesü ¯irüken metü amara( köbegün

ükükü 42r; ¯irüken-e mašida ¯ir(aqu 52v.

®irüken tarni the Heart dharani; cf. RRS, 427, 616; ®irüken tarni uribasu 25v.

815
GLOSSARY

®irüken tarni uribasu if one recites the Heart dharani (25v); cf. RRS, 427.

¯obalang [S. duhka; Tib. sdug bsngal]; suffering; misery: ¯obalang tngri yabumui 11r;

¯obalang bolqu 56r, 56r, 56r; qa(aèaqu ¯obalang bolqu 56r; ke¯iy-e-ben ¯obalang-aèa ülü

qa(aèin qarinèu ülü irekü 47v; (aši(un ¯obalang-dur ayul bolqu 27r; yirtinèü-tekin-ü

¯obalang-i aril(a¯u 2v; tüleküi-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r; köbegün töröbesü

eneleküi ¯obalang-iyar qoqui kemen ¯oba¯u yabumui 47v; ¯obalang-un tngri yabumui 8r, 9r,

10r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür 56v.

¯obalang-un tngri [Ch. huo “calamity; misfortune; judgements from heaven,” (Mathews

2399); Tib. pung lha]; god of suffering; “ike jobalanggun tenggeri,” (Pentaglot, 17450, p.

998): ¯obalang-un tngri yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r;

¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür 56v.

¯obkis the four intermediate directions, i.e., southwest, northwest, northeast, southeast:

dörben ¯obkis 54r, 54r; dörben ¯obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v.

¯oèid visitor; guest: ¯oèid irekü 57r, 57r, 57v, 58r, 58r; qola (a¯arèa ¯oèid irekü 57r; qola-

yin ¯oèid irekü 57v; kündülegdekü ¯oèid irekü 57v; ¯oèid ülü uriqu 58r; ¯oèid-i kündülebesü

29r.

¯oèid-i kündülebesü if one honors visitors (29r).

¯o(dor mane, of a lion: arsalan-u ¯o(dor metü 59v.

¯oki- to suit: ¯okiqu 54v, 54v; ülü ¯okiqu 54v, 56r; ülü ¯okiqu uèaral 46r, 46r; ülü ¯okiqu

beri 52r; ¯asal ¯asan ¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu 54v; ibegel ü¯ekü anu. qulu(an-a luu beèin ¯ilten ibegel

¯okiqu 54v; olan arad ¯okiqu 56r.

816
GLOSSARY

¯okira- to be agreeable, e.g., of weather: ¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui 4r.

¯okis propriety; suitability: küisün-e ürgül¯ide ¯okistai ¯ir(aqu 52v; tašiyan-dur ¯okis-tu

bolqu 52v; sedkil-dür ¯okis-tu bolumui 56v.

¯okistai agreeable: küisün-e ürgül¯ide ¯okistai ¯ir(aqu 52v;

¯okis-tu agreeable: tašiyan-dur ¯okis-tu bolqu 52v; sedkil-dür ¯okis-tu bolumui 56v.

¯ol(oldubasu if one greets another (23r).

¯oli( ransom, rescue; figurines usually made of dough which are used in ritual for ridding

one of evil spirits causing illness; devil (curse) (Lessing 1070); for these rites, see RRS, 559-

561, 591-594; Bawden, SE II, 168-169; buyan ¯oli( ögbesü 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r; buyan

¯oli( üiledbesü 31v; ¯oli( qari(ulul buu üiled 34v; amin-u ¯oli( saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r;

amin ¯oli( saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36v, 36v, 37r.

¯oli( qari(ulul a counter curse; ¯oli( qari(ulul buu üiled 34v.

¯oliy-a ransom, price of deliverance (cf. ¯oli() (Lessing, 1070); Bawden, SE II, 168-169;

¯oliy-a mör 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ¯oliy-a ögbesü 41r.

¯oliy-a mör ransom path; the road on which the ransom figure is to be cast; cf. the "yas"

road (Waddell, 458); ¯oliy-a mör 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

¯oliy-a ögbesü if one gives a ransom (41r).

¯öb to(ala count in the right way, i.e., clockwise (51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 52v); contrast

buru(u to(ala.

¯öng bilig prescience, gift of prophecy; wisdom; instinct: ¯öng bilig olu(san Manjušari

tngri 1v.

817
GLOSSARY

¯ula( ceremony for making aspersions of mare’s milk, held each year after the summer

solstice (Mostaert, Dictionnaire ordos, 217; see also Mostaert, “L’ouverture du sceau’ et les

adresses chez les Ordos,” MS 1: 335): suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu esü( ¯ula(-un negegemel edür

60v.

¯ul¯a(ala- to whelp, bring forth young: Taulai sara mön-ü tula belge inu modun bügüde

¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad qošiyalamui 9r; Baras sara mön-ü tula belge inu

baras ¯ul¯a(alamui 8r; ¯a(ur-a kir(a(ul šiba(un ¯ul¯a(lamui 13r; 'aqai sar-a. mön-ü tula

belge inu (aqai nasu to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui 17r.

¯ul¯a(an fledgling; young of an animal: ¯a(ur-a salbarun ¯ul¯a(an degde¯ü nisümüi 12r;

Beèin sara mön-ü tula belge inu modun cim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan

te¯igemüi 14r.

¯ud natural disaster; starvation; loss of livestock: nara sara kirtübesü yeke ¯ud bolumui 25v.

¯un [Ch. zhong/chung (Mathews 1504)]; èün ¯un bolbasu 6r; qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng

šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r.

¯un summer: qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i èigerle

59r; tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u terigün sara 10r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u terigün sar-a 11r;

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u terigün Èista sar-a 12r; ¯un-u terigün ür-e tasulu(èi

41r; Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r; qara

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 12r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u

dumdadu sar-a 13r; ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u eèüs sara qara 12r;

qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u eèüs sara 13r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u eèüs

818
GLOSSARY

Abiji sara 14r; ¯un-u eèüs ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; ¯un-u nara bayiqu 6v; ¯un-u naran bayiqu èa(

12r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 55r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a Taulai Luu Noqai èa( qara 42r.

¯un-u dumdadu sar-a the middle month of summer: Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a

qoyar 4r; tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu

sar-a 12r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 13r; ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e

tasulu(èi 41r.

¯un-u eèüs sar-a the final month of summer: tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u eèüs sara qara 12r; qara

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u eèüs sara 13r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u eèüs Abiji

sara 14r; ¯un-u eèüs ür-e tasulu(èi 41r.

¯un-u (urban sar-a the three summer months (42r, 55r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a Taulai Luu

Noqai èa( qara 42r).

¯un-u nara bayiqu the summer solstice: ¯un-u nara bayiqu 6v; ¯un-u naran bayiqu èa(

12r.

¯un-u terigün sar-a the first month of summer: tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u terigün sara 10r; qara

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u terigün sar-a 11r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u

terigün Èista sar-a 12r; ¯un-u terigün ür-e tasulu(èi 41r.

¯üg direction: ¯üg 42v, 58v; umar-a ¯üg 3r, 5v, 6r, 23v, 37v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; örön-e

¯üg 22r, 23r, 24v, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; doron-a ¯üg 23r, 24v, 27r, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v;

emün-e ¯üg 23v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v, 58v; örön-e emün-e ¯üg 26r; örön-e umar-a ¯üg 54r;

aliba ta(alaqui ¯üg (ada(ši odbasu 4v; oyir-a ¯üg eri oldayu 24r; qubi sarayin dolo(an šinide

Baras ¯ilün qarši beèin ¯üg qadqu 50v; ali edür bögesü tere sarayin qarši ¯üg qadqu sayin bui

819
GLOSSARY

50v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg 52r; dayiwang tayiqu Qangpan qongpan šitügen-ü eke šabšu kiged-

ün ¯üg buu yabu 53r; beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu ¯üg 53v; beri mör (arqu ¯üg 54r;

Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v; ¯üg-eèe 29v, 40r, 40r, 42r; emün-e ¯üg-eèe 5v;

örön-e ¯üg-eèe ire¯ü örön-e qandu(san gerte abèu odba 22v; doron-a emün-e ¯üg-eèe ¯ir(u(an

kümün ire¯ü qula(u¯u amui 25r; ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg kemebesü er-e-yin em ¯üg-eèe

ba(u(daqui 52r; qono( tasuraqui nigen ¯üg-iyer ülü bol(an kièiyen ü¯egdeküi 3v; ede ¯üg-dü

sa(umu 55v; baling do(šin qami(-a sa(uqu tere ¯üg-dür yasun (ar(abasu mör bütügekü-yin

urida kimor bolqu 41r; ¯üg-ün 26r, 26v, 27r, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30v, 31r, 31r; doron-a ¯üg-ün

kümün 25v; doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r; emün-e ¯üg-ün

(al-un dolo(an na(šidar anu tegüsbe 29r; örön-e ¯üg-ün altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a

tegüsbe 31r; umara ¯üg-ün usun-u dolo(an na(šidar tegüsbe 32r; arban qoyar edür-ün mör

(arqu ¯üg-ünsayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün ene bui 50r; arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün

sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün

50v.

¯üil item; kind: nigen ¯üil 51r; basa nigen ¯üil 5v, 60v; eng terigün gšan kiged nige da(un

kemekü qoyar ¯üil buyu 5r; qono(-un (urban ¯üil 2r; (urban ¯üil-iyer üiles-ün sayin ma(u-

yiila(ayu 46r; tabun ¯üil bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v; isün ¯üil tariyan-i ¯anèibasu

30r; isün ¯üil tariyan (ada(ši ögbesü 31r; isün ¯üil öngge-dü keb-üd-i uya¯u 32v; ede önggetü

¯il orobasu ¯iran ¯üil il(a¯u ü¯e 52r; nom-un ¯üil-dür duratai buyu 25v; (urban ¯üil-iyer üiles-

ün sayin ma(u-yi ila(ayu 46r.

820
GLOSSARY

¯ülge-yin èièig milfoil or yarrow; for jülge Lessing gives, "n. Soft lawn, meadow, grass;

sward. -- yin kyzi. Indian nard, valeriana jatamansi; milfoil; spikenard," (Lessing, 1085; for

milfoil as a marvelous plant, cf. Doré, v. 5, 1966: 729): ¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi

15r.

¯üsü(n) the color of an animal, esp. of a horse; for the significance of the horse’s color in

ritual, cf. RRS, 546-552, 566-567; unuqu morin-u ¯üsü 52v; morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u

öngge ¯üsün güièimüi 12r.

kam [Ch. kan/k’an (Mathews 3245)]; one of the eight trigrams; the Mongolian transcription

reflects the Middle Chinese pronunciation of the term, which had a final -m; for the same

transcription in Tibetan sources, see TEDP 46: kam-dur uèira(san beri (ar-ta(an udèu(

bari(san bui bügüde-dü sayin 54r.

ke [Ch. kai/k’ai (Mathews 3204) “to open”; Mong. negegèi]; 11th of the twelve lords of the

day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v;

ke negegèi edür 36v.

keb silk: qara keb-iyer manglai uriya¯u 24v; tas ödütü sumun-dur isün ¯üil öngge-dü keb-

üd-i uya¯u 32v.

kebeli/kebili belly: kebeli inu emün-e amui 55r; kebeli inu örön-e 55r; kebeli inu umara

55v; kebeli inu doron-a 55r; kebili-dür köbegün olan 52v; kebili-tür adu(usun buu ab 55r

kebtešin shelter, e.g., for animals: adu(usun-i šin-e kebtešin-dür kebtegülbesü 36r; mal šin-

e kebtešin-e kebtegülbesü 35v, 36v, 36v.

keèiyeküi üiles striving deeds (13r).

821
GLOSSARY

keger-e [=keger] bay; chestnut, of horses: keger-e moritu kümün 4v.

keger-e the steppe, field: keger-e oyir-a bui 24r.

kegeri standard: ula(an kegeri bari¯u 21v; qara kegeri bariju 22r; köke kegiri bari¯u 23v;

èa(an keg[e]ri bari¯u 23v; šara kegeri bari¯u 24v.

kegü- to bark, of a dog; to caw, of a bird: noqai kegübesü 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v; keriy-e

ba ša(a¯a(ai: kegübesü 57r; keriy-e kegübesü 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r.

kegüken virgin, maiden: kegüken abun neyilèikilbesü 36r

kegüken abun neyilèikilbesü if one takes a maiden and knows her (36r).

kegür¯igen-e pigeon; dove: takiy-a kegür¯igen-e šiba(un öndegelemüi 19r.

kegüür/kegür corpse: kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui 20r;

kegüür oroši(ulbasu 35v, 43v; kegür-ün nüke metü 59v.

kegüür oroši(ulbasu if one inters a corpse (35v, 43v).

kei/kii air; one of the four elements: kei 21r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v/kii 21r, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v; yeke kii ködelkü 27v; Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar

kei bui 45v; qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v; (al kei qoyar uèarabasu

yeke küèütü uèaral 46r; široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r; usu kei qoyar

uèarabasu ülü ¯okiqu uèaral 46r; Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara( büküy-yin

tula temür-ün èinar bui basa key-yin èinar kemegdeyü 23v; kiy-yin galab bol(a(èi odun 33r;

key-yin galab bol(a(èi Burnavasu buyu kemebe 33r; Ašivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margišar

Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v.

kelbeyilge- to lay something on its side: bi tngri-yi kelbeyilgen èidamui 32v.

822
GLOSSARY

kele(n) 1. tongue; 2. language; 3. news, word: bayasqulang-du kele irekü Enedk[e]g-ün

keleber. na(šidar-a sam-a yokibani 32r; Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala

kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab] 32r; kelen aman bolqu 50r, 50v; yeke kümün-ü kele aman

bolqu 57v; ma(ui kelen aman bolqu 57v; kelen aman-du oroqu 50r; sayin kelen sonosqu 57v.

kelinèe/kilinèe/kelinèi sin: yirtinèü-deki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe [=kelinèe] üiledküi èa(

17r; kelinèitü edürün belge inu qara èindamuni bui 20r; kelinèitü üiles üiledbesü bütükü 45r.

kem limit; measure: edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r.

kengger'ge/kenggerge drum: èang kengger'ge deledbesü 28v/èang kenggerge deledbesü

34v, 35r.

kengšigül the smell of burning or cooking food, i.e. an offering of the smell: buq-a-yin

ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü 50v.

kereg 1. need, necessity; 2. implement; 3. affair, matter, concern: -qu/kü kereg 4v; qono(

tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-yi medekü kereg 3r; -qui/küi kereg 4v; qono( tasura(san-i

medeküi kereg 4v; sar-a-yin to(-a medeküi kereg buyu 4v; kereg ¯asal üiledbesü 30v; kereg

¯asal keyilgebesü 35v; kereg ¯asal kibesü 44v; do(šin kereg kibesü 45r; kereg bütükü 49v;

kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v; kereg ¯ara( keyibesü 61r; keregtü 1v; ede-i keèiyen

ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52v; tngri-yin noqay-yin yabudal yeke kereg-dü bui 55v.

kereg bütükü affairs will be successful (49v).

kereg ¯ara( keyibesü if one carries out affairs in general (61r).

823
GLOSSARY

kereg ¯asal a ritual implement; see Sárközi's definition, BTD,. 399, #5887; see also

Bawden SE II, 177-178; kereg ¯asal üiledbesü 30v; kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü 35v; kereg ¯asal

kibesü 44v.

kereg ¯asal kibesü if one makes an implement (44v).

kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü if one has an implement made (35v).

kereg ¯asal üiledbesü if one works an implement (30v).

keregül quarrel, dispute, altercation: keregül bolqu 58r.

keregür quarrel, dispute, altercation: keregür bara(ur-tur ¯ol(oqu 4v; keregür bol- 32r,

50v, 50v, 50v; keregür ba qoor qomsa bolqu 25v.

keregürèi a quarrelsome person (54v, 54v).

keriy-e crow: qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 8r; qong keriy-e ugiyaqui 9r; qong keriy-e

egür-iyen ¯asamui 19r; Keriy-e-yin ündüsün 56v; keriy-e kegübesü 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v,

57v, 58r; keriy-e ba ša(a¯a(ai: kegübesü 57r; keriy-e x 58r, 58r, 58r; qong keriy-e-ü [=yin]

soddu 60r.

keriy-e ba ša(a¯a(ai: kegübesü if a crow or magpie calls (57r).

keriy-e kegübesü if a crow caws (57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r.

Keriy-e-yin ündüsün the Crow Tantra (56v). There are several texts that deal with crow

behavior. One is in the Tanjur in the sutra section called in Sanskrit Kakajariti (On the

sounds of the crow), vol. 123, fol. 221, Narthang edition. For its English translation, see

Berthold Laufer, TP 15 (1914): 1-110. See also Loewe and Blacker, eds., 22.

824
GLOSSARY

Kerteg [S. Kr}ttik~]; the Pleiades; one of the nakshatra: Kerteg 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 34r, 37r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 53r, 55v,

56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun eèüs Kerteg

sar-a 17r; Kerteg na(šidar 17r, 25r, 32v.

kesege- to subdue, e.g., an enemy; to chastise, discipline: dayisun-i kesegeküi mandal

egüdbesü 31v; busud-i kesegeküi 46r.

kešig good luck; good fortune; grace, favor, blessing; turn: buyan kešig ebderekü 21v;

buyan kešig ebderegülügèi Burvasad buyu 34r; buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v, 56r; Ardar-dür

buyan keš[i]g sayitur nemeyü 37v; buyan kešig ba(uraqu 41r; buyan kešig delgerekü 46v;

buyan kešig bolqu 50r; buyan kešig bari(san beri 54r; Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni

qa(an-u gara( büküi 23r; mal adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa( mör (arbasu 25r; qurim dotor-a

kešig tasulqu na(šidar 28r; qurim-dur kešig tasulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; qurim-dur kešig

tasulu(èi Burvabalguni buyu 33v; ed bara(daqu kešig ba(uraqu edür 59v; Rôkini Burnavasu

Burvasad Sadabis keš[i]g-ün odun bui 60v.

kešig erdeni qa(an the blessed jewel king. Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u

gara( büküi 23r.

keü son: (a¯ar ködelbesü [n]ilq-a keü ba èai qudalduèin-a ma(u bui 30r.

key-yin galab the kalpa of air: kiy-yin galab bol(a(èi odun 33r; key-yin galab bol(a(èi

Burnavasu buyu kemebe 33r.

keyid temple: süm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür 37r; süm-e

keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r; süm-e keyid ba nom

825
GLOSSARY

burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom

kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v.

kiiri standard: qara kiiri bari¯u 23r; šara kiiri bari¯u 23r.

ki¯a(ar frontier: ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu 31r, 32r; nigen kümün ki¯a(ar dayisun daru(èi

odun 59r; modun-u èinadu ki¯a(ar-a ni(u¯u amui 22r; usun-u ki¯a(ar-a ni(u¯u amui 23r.

ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu if one seizes the frontier (31r, 32r).

kimor [Tib. rlung-rta; shortened from kei morin “wind horse”]; 1. prayer flag; 2. good

fortune, lucky; see Waddell, 408-419; Cornu, 1997: 85-88; mör bütügekü-yin urida kimor

bolqu 41r; kimor bolqu 50v, 50v, 50v; kemor gemšil bolumui 50v; yeke kimor-du (bolqu)

26r, 26v, 27r.

kimura- to fall into disorder: kimuraqu üile bo[l]qu 57r.

kimusu(n) fingernails, toenails; claws; talons: kimusu(n) ta(aribasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v,

57v; kimusun x 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r; èinu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi (odun) 33r, 33v;

šiba(un ¯igürtü kimusutu 55r.

kimusu(n) ta(aribasu if one trims ones nails (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r,

58r).

kir(a- to cut off, shear, clip, e.g., the hair: üsün kir(abasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v.

kir(a(ul pheasant: kir(a(ul šiba(un ¯ul¯a(lamui 13r.

kir(a(ul [=kir(a(ur] scissors, shears: düri inu kir(a(ul metü bui 27r; kir(a(ul metü

59v.

kirtü- to be eclipsed, e.g., the sun or moon: nara sara kirtübesü 25v.

826
GLOSSARY

kirüge saw: düri inu. kirüge metü bui 26r.

Kitad China; Chinese: Kitad to(alaqui šastir 2r; Kitad üsüg-dür 35v; Kitad qadu(ur

bari(san beri 54r; Kitad-tur 2r; qara Kitad-un oron 2r; Manjušari-yin Kitad-un oron 2r; qara

Kitad-un to(-a 2r; Kitad-un šastir 2r; Kitad-un Lii-du ting sang neretü sudur 2v; qutu(tu

Manjušari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar 2v; Kitad-un to(aèin 3r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r; Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar 2v, 2v, 2v; qara Kitad-un to(aèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r,

13r, 14r; (ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar bui 29r.

köbegün son: bertegèin köbegün üiles üiledkü 2r; köbegün töröbesü 21v, 22r, 22v, 23r,

23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v,

30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v;

köbegün okin töröbesü 31v; er-e (a(èa kümün-ü köbegün qula(u¯u amu 23v; köbegün

qurimlabasu 24v; nigen köbegün oroldun qula(uyu 24v; qooridur ükügsen kümün köbegün

qula(a¯u amu 24v; önüèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar 27r; köbegün

aèinar-i öber-e sal(abasu 34r; köbegün okin neyièilebesü 37r; köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü

ablabasu 36r; Burvasad Udarisad-dur köbegün aèinar olan bolumui 38r; em-e köbegün kiged.

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; tngri-yin vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un

qara qarèa(ai kemekü qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün 39v; ¯irüken metü amara( köbegün ükükü

42r; köbegün olan (bolqu) 52v, 52v, 54v; köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v;

köbegün törümüi 52v; ari(un sayin köbegün törükü bui 54v; köbegün uru( èuqa( bolu(ad

54v; köbegün èögen keregürèi 54v; köbegün aèinar delgerekü 57v; köbegün-dür ger baribasu

34r; köbegün-e ger baribasu 21v, 35r; köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v; köbegün-e

827
GLOSSARY

ömèi ülü ögküi 53v; köbegün-e ner-e ögbesü 46v; engküri köbegün-i te¯igebesü 28r, 35r;

köbegün-i saki(èi 30v; köbegün-i bey-e-[y]i turši modun-iyar èime¯ü 30v; engküri köbegün-i

(ada(ši (ar(abasu 44r; öèügüken ari(un köbegün-iyer suu ¯ali-yu(an taki¯u 24r; köbegün-ü

ömèi ögbesü 27r.

köbegün aèinar-i öber-e sal(abasu if one’s son and grandchildren go separate ways (34r).

köbegün okin neyièilebesü if a son has relations with a girl (37r).

köbegün okin töröbesü if a son or daughter is born (31v).

köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü ablabasu if a son has relations with a girl or seduces her

(36r).

köbegün qurimlabasu if a son gets married (24v).

köbegün töröbesü if a son is born (21v, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v,

32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v).

köbegün-dür ger baribasu if one builds a home for a son (34r).

köbegün-e ger baribasu if one builds a home for a son (21v, 35r).

köbegün-e ner-e ögbesü if one gives a name to a son (46v).

köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü if one gives property to a son (35r, 41v, 43v, 46v).

köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü abubasu if one gives property to a son or receives it (46v).

köbegün-ü ömèi ögbesü if one gives a son’s property (27r).

Kögeler sara the twelfth month of the year; while the rest of the Mongolian months, from

the second through the eleventh month are named according to their number, the Second

828
GLOSSARY

month, and so on, as is the Chinese, Central Asian and Babylonian custom as well, the name

of the first month, qubi sar-a, along with kögeler sar-a, the last month of the year, absent

from present-day Mongolian calendars, are from an series of specifically Mongolian terms.

L. Bazin gives etymologies of these two terms (followed in Melville, 84 note 11, 95) derived

from Buddhist Iranian and Sogdian, respectively; Kögeler sara he defines as the Month of

Mating (< Old Turkish kögler, plur., to kög) (cf. Bazin (1991): 294, 354-356, 556). G. Kara,

while pointing out the phonetic difficulties of this etymology, shows that the existence of this

earlier Mongolian system, cited by Mostaert in full from the 9th series of the Lung wei bi shu,

found in the Yi shih ji yu (chap. IV, f. 19) from the time of the Ming dynasty (cf. Textes oraux

ordos p. 131-132, note 2) makes these etymologies impossible. Cf. Kara (1984) 194, note 23;

Kara, 1973; and the term sara in Kara’s study of the Zhiyuan Yiyu. While the independent

designation of the 1st and 12th months is in Uigur also (see Kara, “Weitere . . . .,” p. 194), the

early Mongolian as cited by Mostaert is similar to the ancient Turkish system in that the new

year begins with the coming of spring, the vernal equinox. This marks a divergence from the

Chinese system the Mongols eventually adopted, the system given in the manuscript and

modern Buddhist systems, in which the new year begins prior to the vernal equinox, around

the time the sun enters Aquarius. See also Ligeti, 45 and Cerensodnom and Taube, 147.

Kögeler (sara) 19r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r,

47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v; Mong(ol-dur Kögeler-ün sar-a 19r.

kögemei croak, i.e., of a frog: meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r.

kögerge bridge; bellows: kögerge talbibasu 12r, 47v; kögerge metü 59v.

829
GLOSSARY

kögerge talbibasu if one builds a bridge (12r, 47v).

köke- to become green, i.e., of plants in the springtime: Mig sara ebesün-ü ündüsün

kökemüi 2r.

köke blue; green; ash-colored, dark (of face): köke 52v; köke boro mori 5r; köke morin

una¯u 23v; köke na(ur 39v; luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r; köke

èarai-du kümün 23v, 24v; köke èarai-du ba nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün 22r; köke kegiri 23v;

köke beèin 41r; köke luu 49r, 49r, 49r; qubèad köke-ber èime¯ü 23v.

köke èarai-du kümün a person with a bluish complexion; in medicine this is quality of

the humor air (Rechnung 1973: 46): 23v, 24v; köke èarai-du ba nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün

22r.

köke boro mori a blue grey horse: 5v.

köke luu [Ch. Canglong/ Ts’ang-lung (Mathews 6714, 4258)]; the Blue dragon (49r, 49r,

49r); refers to the Blue Dragon of spring, which together with the White Tiger of autumn

(èa(an baras) , the Red Bird of summer (ula(an ša¯a(ai) and the Black Tortoise of winter

(qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf. Stall's Stars of Jade,

passim.; Needham, 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistmaker, 113-119).

köke luu-yin köl the foot of the blue dragon; refers to the third Chinese lunar mansion (Ch.

di/ti (Mathews 6187) “foundation”); it lies at the end of the eastern spring palace, the Blue

Dragon, comprising four stars (Schlegel, 102): köke luu-yin köl-dür mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

köke luu-yin niru(un the back of the blue dragon; refers to the second Chinese lunar

mansion (Ch. gang/kang [Mathews 3273] “throat”); it lies in the midst of the eastern spring

830
GLOSSARY

palace, the Blue Dragon, and comprises four stars (Schlegel, 93): köke luu-yin niru(un-tur

mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

köke luu-yin terigün the head of the blue dragon; refers to the first Chinese lunar mansion

(Ch. jiao/chiao [Mathews 1174] “horn”); it lies at the head of the eastern spring palace, the

Blue Dragon, comprising two stars, " and . Virgo (Schlegel, 87): köke luu-yin terigün-dür

mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

köke morin an ash-colored horse: 23v.

köke na(ur blue lake: 39v; luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r.

kökege cuckoo bird: kökeg[e] šiba(un dong(oddumui 11r; kökege<g> šiba(un emüneši

qarimui 14r.

köl leg: Barani na(šidar kemebesü tul(-a-yin (urban köl metü bui 32r; köl göq-a-bar

tata(ci beri 54v; köl-dür 52v; èa(an baras-un köl-dür mör (arbasu ma(u 49r; köke luu-yin

köl-dür mör (arbasu ma(u 49r; ¯egün köl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu 24r.

köl morin though commonly refers to a “wheel horse, shaft horse” (Lessing, 484), context

suggests a yellow-colored horse, i.e., a fallow horse: šara-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü šara kiiri bari¯u

köl morin unu¯u 23r.

kölge vehicle; here refers to the Greater Vehicle, Mahâyâna Buddhism: yeke kölge-yi

orèi(ulqu edür 34v.

kölgele- to ride a means of transport: Baras edür-<y>i kölgelen ködelge¯ü 2r

831
GLOSSARY

könde- to disturb, e.g., the earth: erketü (a¯ar buu könde 34v; (a¯ar buu könde 58v; erketü

(a¯ar buu könde. köndebesü 34v; (a¯ar köndebesü 36r, 36r, 37r, 37r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v,

42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 44r, 58v, 58v; (a¯ar ülü köndekü 35v.

körge pump: šin-e körge tatabasu 36r.

köröngge seed: tariyan-u köröngge (a¯ar oroba 10r; tariyan-dur köröngge orkibasu 46v;

köröngge saèaqu [=saèuqu] 48r.

köser earth, soil, ground: köser-e qoèorqu 55v, 56r.

kötelügèi the one who conducts someone, e.g., a bride: beri kötelügèi 52v.

kun [Ch. kun/k’un (Mathews 3684)]; one of the eight trigrams: kun-dur uèira(san beri

bügüde sayin buyan kešig bari(san beri bui sayin 54r.

küèü(n) power: küèün tegüs 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 19v; küèün tegüs-ün èa( 22v, 23r;

naran odun küèün tegüs-ün èa( 21v; küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r; öber-ün

dayan-u küèün yeke bögesü 39r; küèün kürgen sögödkü kürdün ene bui 60r; yirtinèü-teki

numun qata(uu küèütü bolumui 18r; (yeke) küèütü bolumui 40r, 42v; küèütü üile üiledbesü

45r; (al kei qoyar uèarabasu yeke küèütü uèaral 46r.

küèün tegüs powerful and full; ascendant; küèün tegüs 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 19v; küèün

tegüs-ün èa( 22v, 23r; Naran odun küèün tegüs-ün èa( 21v; küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür

bolumui 46r.

küèütü üile üiledbesü if one performs powerful deeds (45r).

küisün navel: küisün-e ürgül¯ide ¯okistai ¯ir(aqu 52v.

832
GLOSSARY

küiten cold: küiten següder una¯u ebesün qubaraqui èa( 16r; küiten-ü a(ur oromui 17r;

yeke küiten-ü èa( bolumui 17r.

kü¯is incense; perfume; fragrance: qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v.

kü¯ügün neck: ma(u kü¯ügün (arqu 56r; sara ba(-a bögesü buru(u to(ola. kü¯ügün-dür

dumda sayin 52v; sara yeke bögesü kü¯ügün-eèe¯öb to(ola 52v.

küli- to bind, tie: albin salm-a-bar küliküi na(šidar 27v

külil n.; bundle, bunch; tie, knot (Lessing 500); in the manual the term refers to the eight

trigrams of the Yijing [Ch. bagua/pa-kua; Tib. spar-kha brgyad]; beri-yin dörben šilmus

kemebesü dayiwang tayiqu šitügen eke. lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-

dü bolai 52r, külil-dü ma(u 53r. In the manual the forms of the eight trigrams are as follows:

1. lii (Ch. li); 2. kun (Ch. kun); 3. dan (Ch. dui); 4. gen (Ch. gen); 5. kam (Ch. kan); 6. gin

(Ch. qian); 7. jen (Ch. zhen) 8. sön (Ch. sun). For more on the trigrams, see the Yijing,

passim., TEDP, passim., Williams, 149; RRS, 534-542; Waddell, 394; Cornu, 1997: 107.

kümün man; person; human being: kümün 27r, 55r; tarnièi kümün 4v; emèi otaèi kümün

4v; aq-a yeke kümün 4v; ¯egerde qal¯an morin una(san ba. bombo kümün 4v; ula(an debeltü

kümün 4v; toyin kümün 4v; noyan kümün 5r; nigültü kümün 5r; dooridu ma(u kümün 5r;

bombo kümün 5r; qara kümün 5r; menekii metü qara kümün 5r; nigen kümün 24r; qoyar

kümün 23r, 26r; (urban kümün 28v; dörben kümün 31r; öber-e obo(-tan dörben kümün 27r;

tabun kümün 22r, 24r, 26v; ¯ir(u(an kümün 25r, 25r, 26r; dolo(an kümün 27r, 29r; isün

kümün 22v, 26r, 27v; nökögesün debeltü köke èarai-du ba nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün 22r;

èa(an segeretü qara noqai-tai deged doorad ügülegèi em-e kümün 22r; belbesün qatun kümün

833
GLOSSARY

22v; kümün ükübesü 22v, 25r, 26r, 26r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 31v, 41v; eliy-e da(a(san kümün 22v;

temürèi ba band’i ba bombo teyimü nigen kümün 22v; em-e kümün 23r; do(alang eremdeg

kümün 23v; köke èarai-du kümün 23v; bandi kümün 23v; nigen band'i kümün 24r; šara

öèüken kümün 24r; qong(or morin unu(san ala( noqai-tai teyimü kümün 24v; belbesün em-e

kümün 25r; doron-a ¯üg-ün kümün 25v; aqa degüü qoyar kümün 25v, 30r; uru( tasura(san

kümün 26r; umara ¯üg-ün band'i ba bombo kümün 26r; tngri kümün èidköd (urba(ula

èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar 26r; ¯i(ulèin kümün mör (arqu na(šidar 26v; belbesün em-e kümün

bükü (a¯ar bariqu na(šidar 29v; baras metü kümün 27v; ebedèin-ü kümün saki(ulsun

üiledbesü 28v; önöèin kümün 28v; ge¯igen-dür tögenetü kümün 29v; tariyan taribasu aq-a

kümün-ü üiles-dür sayin 30r; umara ¯üg-ün usun eteged-eèe kümün 30v; emün-e ¯üg-ün

kümün 31r; ma(u kümün töröbesü yeke beligtü [=biligtü] bolumui 31v; yasun (ar(abasu

mön sarada kümün ükükü 40r; beri ba(ul(abasu qoyar kümün ükükü 41r; ger baribasu tabun

kümün üküyü 43r; ¯i(ulèilabasu kümün ükükü 60r; qan kümün üiles bütükü 45v; šin-e

qa(al(-a ¯igübesü kümün ülü oroqu 48r; qulu(an-a [etc.] ¯iltü kümün 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r;

qorin-a olan kümün ma(u sedkekü 56r; debel tülebesü okin kümün ükügsen-i sonostaqu 57v;

toyin kümün ba qong(or morin unu(san ba qonin ada(ula(san ba èai èina(san ba qoyar

yaba(an üker unu(sun ba. ese bögesü ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge ba nidün-dü gem-dü kümün-dü

jol(aqui 4v; ükügsen kümün-dü buyan üiledbesü 31r; kümün-dür 27r; tarnièi kümün ba. emèi

otaèi kümün ba. ese bögesü keger-e moritu kümün-dür ¯ol(oqu 4v; aq-a yeke kümün ba èa(an

mori una(san ba èa(an debel emüsügsen ba èa(an noqai kötelügsen ba egeèi kümün-dür

¯ol(uqu 4v; üker unu(san ba. qara morin unu(san. ba menekii metü qara kümün ba ese

834
GLOSSARY

bögesü qara ya(um-a bari(san em-e kümün-dür ¯ol(aqu 5r; qur-a ese orobasu kümün-dür

ebedèin bolu(ad yeke salkin bolqu 15r; (a¯ar ködelbesü kümün-dür ma(u 28r; ükügsen

kümün-dür tüliši ögbesü 29r; ükügsen kümün-dür buyan üiledbesü 32r; (uyiranèi kümün-dür

altan ol(a(ulu(èi odun 33r; em-e kümün-e tusa keyibesu 15r; ükügsen kümün-e tüliši ögbesü

26v; kümün-e ergügdekü 29r; eremdeg ebügen emegen ba. bandi bombo kümün-e temdegtü

mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu 31r; kümün-e adu(usun ögbesü 36v; kümün-e ed mal ögbesü 36v;

ükügsen kümün-e ya(um-a kibesü 44r; qan kümün-eèe èola abubasu 47v; arban kümün-eèe

isün kümün-i ükükü 53v; qatun kümün-i asarabasu 23r; köke èirai-du kümün-i qara keb-iyer

manglai uriya¯u 24v; Savadai na(šidar kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi na(šidar

28v; kümün-i erke-dür-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r; ügegüü kümün-i bayan bol(a- 32v, 33r, 33v;

nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi 33r, 33v; bayan kümün-i ügegüregülegèi 33r, 33v; bayan

kümün-i ügeyiregülügèi odun 59r; ür-e ügei kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun 33r; qan kümün-i

ür-e alda(ula(èi 33r, 33v; ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi odun 33v,

33v; balai kümün-i nidüt[e]i bol(a(èi 33v; takir no(èi kümün-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(èi 33v;

nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi 34r; qan kümün törö¯ü ükükü odun 59r;

nigen kümün ki¯a(ar dayisun daru(èi odun 59r; qula(ayièi kümün-i erigülbesü 36r; šin-e

kümün-i ülü asaraqu ba gerte ülü oro(ulqu edür 53v; arban kümün-eèe isün kümün-i ükükü

53v; Morin edür kümün-i ülü qariyaqu ¯anèiqu 57v; tabun quya(-du kümün-iyer uduridbasu

23v; bombo kümün ba qara kümün ba. ese bögesü qara morin unu(san ba. usu egürügsen

kümün-lüge ¯ol(aqu 5r; kimusun x nayitabasu amara( kümün-lu(-a ¯ol(oqu 57v; mergen

kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi 5r kümün-ü öngge nara ur(u(-a

835
GLOSSARY

edügüy-e arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu

bui. tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a

kümün-ü öngge tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 23r, 25v, 30v;

kümün-ü yasun bulabasu 32r; önör dörben-dü kümün[-ü] yasun (ar(abasu 24v; ür-e ügei

kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 27r; er-e (a(èa kümün-ü köbegün 23v; qooridur ükügsen kümün[-

ü] köbegün 24v; ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür 27r; aqu kümün-ü aliba üiled 31r;

kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi 33v; ükügsen kümün-i [=kümün-ü]

yasun (ar(abasu 35v; do(šin üiles üiledbesü üileddügèi kümün-ü amin nasun oqor bolumui

39r; em-e abqu er-e kümün-ü nasun ü¯egdeküi 53r; da-dur ucira(san beri kümün-ü yasun

bari(san beri bui 54r; bey-e inu (urban tib-i degürümüi. kümün-ü bey-e-dü. noqai terigütü

[. . .] 55r; üsün kir(abasu yeke kümün-ü kele aman bolqu 57v; abqu kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin

60v.

kümün-i erke-dür-iyen oro(ulbasu if one brings someone under one’s own power (31r);

this refers to magically entering someone's body. See Sárközi, BTD, 297, #4244.

kümün ükübesü if someone dies (22v, 25r, 26r, 26r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 31v, 41v).

kümün-e adu(usun ögbesü if one gives an animal to someone (36v).

kümün-e ed mal ögbesü if one gives a possession or livestock to someone (36v).

kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu if one sets out human bones (23r, 25v, 30v).

kümün-ü yasun bulabasu if one buries human bones (32r).

kürdün 1. wheel 2. an astronomical instrument; 3. table, chart: Èa(-un kürdün 1v, 3r;

odun na(šidar-un kürdün 2r; arban qoyar sarayin öngge medekü kürdün 7v; uèaral-un sayin

836
GLOSSARY

ma(u-i üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r; tabun odun-u düri inu tergen-ü kürdün metü bui 25v;

kürdün orèi(ulqui tul(-a bolqui 38v; dörben terigün sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r;

dörben dumdadu sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r; dörben eèüs sarayin mör (arqu

kürdün ene bui 49r; aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün 49v;

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün

bui 49v; tabun dakini-yin mör (arqu edür-yi ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 49v; arban qoyar

edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ünsayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün 50r; arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu

¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50r; arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v;

dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v; nigen ¯üil okin-i

bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü kürdün bui 51r; ¯il-ün öngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ü¯ikü kürdün ene bui

52r; tngri-yin noqai-yin kürdün 52v; küèün kürgen sögödkü kürdün ene bui 60r; dörben

kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r; Èa(-un kürdün-dür 2r, 3r, 11r; (urban kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 48v;

ene (urban kürdün-i ula(an-dur bolbasu sayin 51v; Èa(-un kürdün-ü abšig talbi(san sayin

èa( 10r; Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar ¯okiyasu(ai 45v.

küreng dark brown, maroon, esp. of horse color: küreng 52v.

kürgegèi the one who conducts a bride to the home of her husband: kürgegèi-yin terigün

52v.

kürgen son-in-law; for a description of the various nomenclature for son-in-laws see

Mostaert, DO, 439b; kürgen sögödbesü 23vl küèün kürgen sögödkü kürdün ene bui 60r;

kürgen-eèe ¯öb to(ala 51v, 51v, 60r.

kürgen sögödbesü if a son-in-law prostrates himself (23v).

837
GLOSSARY

küriy-e anything girding; fence; enclosure; camp; monastery: küriy-e deledbesü 31v;

küriy-e baribasu 42v; asar küriy-e baribasu 46v; bariy-a küriy-e-dü uèaraqu 50r.

küriy-e baribasu if one builds an enclosure (42v).

küriy-e deledbesü if one pounds a fence (31v).

küriyelegül- to gather around: naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r;

arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; söni düli dörben èa(-iyan-iyar

küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v;

gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; naiman luus-ud qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui

38v; ekiner-ün ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar

küriyelegül¯ü . . . èi(ulumui 38v; naiman ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur

èi(ulumui 38v; ya(šas-un ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v;

erlig-üd-iyer küriyelegül¯ü edür düli-eèe söni kürtel-e èi(ulumui 38v.

kürmeli shell, i.e., of a turtle: yasutu menekei-yin kürmeli 60r.

kürte- to touch; to fall ill: qonin kürteküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v ebedèin kürtebesü; 40r, 42v; luus-un qad-un ebedèin kürteyü 34v; ada-du kürteyü 50r.

kürteküi touching; contact; the 6th link in the chain of dependent origination (šitün

barildaqui): qonin kürteküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

küsel desire; wish: küsel bütü- 38r, 45v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 58v; küsel

uèaraqu 49v; küsel-iyen bütükü 49v, 49v; aèi ür-e inu küsel-iyer bolumui 44v.

838
GLOSSARY

küü sang treasury: küü sang negebesü 22v, 36r, 37r; küü sang-un ger baribasu 25v; küü

sang-un ger bosqabasu 30r; küü sang bari(èi odun 59r.

küü sang negebesü if one opens a treasury (22v, 36r, 37r).

küü sang-un ger baribasu if one builds a treasury (25v).

küü sang-un ger bosqabasu if one erects a treasury (30r).

kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab] [Tib. phyag btsol lab]; phyag btsol “to prostrate oneself,

bow down” + lab “to speak, tell”; the first grapheme is transcribed with the galig k, i.e., a bow

with straight pin; as the Manchu method of distinguishing k and g is used throughout the

remainder of the text, perhaps the otherwise superfluous galig k is used here to mark a

Tibetan aspirated labial plosive, p: Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala

kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab] 32r.

lausan/luvasan [Ch. lozi/lo-tzu]; mule: lausan-u 59r; luvas[a]n-u 59r.

li èun [Ch. li “to fix”and chun/ch’un “spring” (Mathews 3921a.34]; beginning of spring; first

of the twenty-four joints and breaths, about February 5-18 (see also Palmer, 66); qoyitu on li

èun 7r.

lii [1. ?Ch. li (Mathews 3930 or 3931) “to calculate; the calendar”]; 2. [Ch. li (Mathews

3902)]; brightness; one of the eight trigrams: Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neretü sudur-dur Mig

sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u šinelekü bolai 2v; lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-i

keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52v; lii-dür uèira(san beri-yi abubasu (ar-ta(an qada(ur

bari(san beri bui. ma(u. mo(ai morin ¯iltü beri-dür ülem¯i ma(u 54r.

lii-dür uèira(san beri-yi abubasu if one takes a bride who falls under the Li trigram (54r).

839
GLOSSARY

Lii du ting sang ?a Chinese astrological text; Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neretü sudur-dur

Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u šinelekü bolai 2v.

lingquu-a [Ch. lianqua/lian-hua (Mathews 4014.7)]; (urban odun-u düri inu lingquu-a

metü bui 32r; lingquu-a metü 59v.

lungru ?a kind of flower: lungru neretü èièig delgeremüi 13r.

luu [S. nâga; Tib. klu; Uy. luu; Ch. long (Mathews 4258)]; see RRS, 662-663; dragon; one

of the twelve animals; its linguistic form (< Uy. luu) transcribes a Middle Chinese

pronunciation of modern Chinese long: luu 53v; Luu sara 10r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Luu sara-dur (uèin qono( bui

3v; uu luu sara 7v; king luu sara 7v; šim luu sara 7v; ¯a luu sara 7v; bing luu sara 7v; Töbed-

dür Luu sara 10r; Luu èa( 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; uu luu èa( 7v; king

luu èa( 7v; šim luu èa( 7v; ¯a luu èa( 7v; bing luu èa(; Luu edür 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 14r, 15r,

16r, 19r, 34v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r,

53v, 53v, 57v, 58v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Luu ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; luu ¯iltü 53r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; luu ¯ilten 54r, 54v;

šitügen-ü eke Luu (a¯ar 18r; luu medeküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v;

Luu sara mön-ü tula. belge inu a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r; luu-yin qutu( mör

(arbasu sayin 49r; köke luu-yin 49r, 49r; köke luu-yin terigün-dür mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

Luu èa( Dragon hour: (42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; uu luu èa( 7v; king

luu èa( 7v; šim luu èa( 7v; ¯a luu èa( 7v; bing luu èa().

840
GLOSSARY

Luu edür Dragon day: (8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 19r, 34v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42v,

42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57v, 58v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v).

Luu (a¯ar Dragon place: šitügen-ü eke Luu (a¯ar 18r.

Luu ¯il Dragon year: 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; luu

¯iltü 53r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; luu ¯ilten 54r, 54v).

luu medeküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

Luu sara Dragon month: (10r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Luu sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; uu luu sara 7v; king luu sara

7v; šim luu sara 7v; ¯a luu sara 7v; bing luu sara 7v; Töbed-dür Luu sara 10r).

luu-yin qutu( dragon’s bliss; this likely refers to the Chinese asterism tianfu/t’ien-fu

(Mathews 6359, 1978) “celestial bliss” comprising two stars, perhaps 3 Scorpii and 8 Librae;

the association with the dragon lies in that it is located in the palace of the Blue Dragon of

Spring: luu-yin qutu( mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

Luuq-a odun [S. Râhu; Tib. gza’chen; Ch. Luohou (Mathews 4099, 2142; Soothill and

Hodous, 472a)]; the Luuq-a star; the eighth day of the week; Râhu, after Chinese

transcription, Luo hou; in Hindu astronomy Râhu is the ascending node, where the moon

moves to the north of the sun’s path; its complement, Ketu, is the descending node where the

moon moves to the south; the nodes complete one revolution in just over 18½ years; in Hindu

mythology Râhu is a demon who devours the sun or moon at eclipses; in Hindu astrology,

841
GLOSSARY

Râhu and Ketu are added to the seven bodies of the week, making the week nine days long;

by the 8th century A.D. Râhu and Ketu were names of the nodes in China (luohou and jizi)

(Stone, 1981: 25-36); cf. also Burgess, 1859: 194; Mostaert MMAD, 32, n. 87; ODT, 94;

Cornu, 1997: 144; Indian Râhu and Ketu have an antecedent in Babylonian Tiamat, the

dragon, that stretched across the heavens, her head and her tail on the equator at opposite ends

of a diameter (Tester, 1987: 121): Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar kei bui 45v.

luus-un qad [S. Nagesvara raja; Tib. kLu dban gi rgyal po]; dragon kings; the minions of

the King of the Dragons or Nâgas; (cf. Waddell, 345, n. 1; ODT, 32); for lists of individual

dragon kings, see RRS, 662-663; see also Doré, v. 5, 682; arban tabun-a luus-un qad-un oroi-

dur nara ur(umui 8r; luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r; Saran odun

kemebesü door-a luus-un qad-un gara( büküi 22r; luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü 22r; okin

töröbesü erketen-dür uèaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu

30r; luus-un qad-un ebedèin kürteyü 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v;

tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud qad-iyar

küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; luus-un qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i

takibasu 39v; luus-un qad-un qariqui edür 39v; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r.

luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu if one treats the Nâga kings and the Lords of the

land (30r).

luus-un qad-un èoga the ceremony of the dragon kings; it is performed on a day in the three

summer or three fall months (RRS, 521); luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü 22r.

luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü if one performs the ceremony of the dragon kings (22r).

842
GLOSSARY

ma(u/muu/ma(ui [adj. and n.]; bad: ma(u 5r, 13r, 19r, 21v, 22v, 22v, 23r, 26r, 26r, 26r,

26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r,

30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 30v, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 32r, 32r, 32r, 32r, 33r,

33v, 34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r,

37r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 39r, 40r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v,

42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v,

48v, 48v, 48v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51v, 51v, 52r,

52r, 52v, 52v, 53v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 57r, 58r,

58v, 60v, 61v; sayin ma(u 46v; saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu sayin ma(u

aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r; odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a ali bui 33r; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar

¯okiyasu(ai 45r; ede gara(-ud kiged na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-<y>i eyin uqa(daqui 45v;

odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-<y>i il(a¯u bièisügei 46r; ma(u-yi 21r, 46r,

48r, 49v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v; qorin dörben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un

sayin ma(u-yi belgelemüi 8r; qorin nigen-e ür-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemüi 9r;

arban isün-ebuuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemüi 10r; arban qoyar ¯ilün sayin ma(u-yi

ügülesügei 34r; edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] odun qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi

bièisügei 44r; ¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v; ma(ui, 23v, 25r, 26r,

843
GLOSSARY

26v, 26v, 29r, 30r, 31v, 33r, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 57v; mör (arbasu ma(ui 22r, 24v; ebesün

tegübesü muu 42r.

Mahašuvari Maheúvara; his consort is Mahâmâyâ; he is trampled by Trailokyavijaya; cf.

Bhattachartya, 1924: 121, 147; Clark, Two Lamaistic Pantheons, 5A17; Mahašuvari tngri

kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-ud> terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü qamu( amitan-u

nasun to(olan tengse¯ü èi(ulqui-dur inu 38r; Mahašuvari terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

èinggeldümüi 38v.

mal livestock: ed mal (ada(ši ögbesü 18r, 41v; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v,

26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v; ed mal ada(usun ögbesü 24v; mal

adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa( mör (arbasu 25r; mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v; mal adu(usun

buu ög 26r; mal ada(usun abubasu 26v; ed mal abubasu 27v, 31r; mal ögbesü 28r, 32r, 34v,

36r, 36v; mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu 29r; mal qudaldubasu 29v; ed mal abubasu 30r; temdegtü

mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu 31r; mal adu(usun ögbesü 31v; ed mal ögbesü 31v; mal šin-e

kebtešin-e kebtegülbesü 35v, 36v, 36v; mal sürüglebesü 37r; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši

(ar(abasu 43r; ed mal ögbesü abubasu 43v; qoriy-a baribasu mal inu qoroqu 48r; ed mal olqu

50r; mal ¯ibqaqu 50v; ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v; ede degedü beri bui ür-e mal delgerekü sayin

52r; ed mal qorom¯i bolqu 56r; ed mal ülü (ar(amui 60v; mal-i öber-e sal(abasu 36v.

mal ada(usun abubasu if one takes livestock or an animal. (26v).

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu if one exports livestock, animal or food (43r).

mal adu(usun ögbesü if one gives livestock or animals (31v).

mal ada(usun qudaldubasu if one trades livestock or animals (25v).

844
GLOSSARY

mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu if one exports livestock (29r).

mal ögbesü if one gives livestock (28r, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36v).

mal ögbesü abubasu if one gives or takes livestock (32r).

mal qudaldubasu if one trades livestock (29v).

mal šin-e kebtešin-e kebtegülbesü if one beds livestock in a shelter (35v, 36v, 36v).

mal sürüglebesü if one herds livestock (37r).

mal-i öber-e sal(abasu if one divides up livestock (36v).

mala(-a hat: šin-e mala(-a buu emüs 34v; šin-e mala(-a ülü emüskü 57r.

malta- to dig, unearth, mine: altan maltabasu 34v; quddug ülü maltaqu 57r.

man [Ch. man (Mathews 4326) “to fill”; Mong. dügürügèi]; 3rd of the twelve lords of the

day]: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v;

man dügürügèi edür 36r.

mana(ar tomorrow: mana(ar 4v, 6v, 23v.

manda- to rise, of the sun: naran mandaqui-dur 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42v, 42v.

mandal [Tib. dkyil hkhor; S. man}dala]; a disk (as the sun disk); (in Tantrism) mystic

wheels (as of the four elements) located in the four centers of the body" (Lessing 1175); (al

mandal tüle- 10r, 39r, 61v; mandal ¯irubasu 23r; dayisun-i kesegeküi mandal egüdbesü 31v;

(urbal¯in mandal egüdbesü 31v; dandaris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroši(ulqu kemebesü

37v; mandal kibesü 42r.

845
GLOSSARY

mang(us monsters; fabulous, usually many-headed monster, a kind of ogre (Lessing, 527;

Poppe 1967: 73); tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigüten 38v; tngri mang(us kiged

naiman ayima(-ud 38v.

manglai forehead: köke èirai-du kümün-i qara keb-iyer manglai uriya¯u 24v; yama(an-u

tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü 42v.

Manjušari Mañjuúri, the Bodhisattva who holds the Book of Wisdom and wields the

Sword of Knowledge, is the patron of mathematics or astrology; see Waddell, 355-356;

Cornu, 1997: 39. Manjušari 1v, 1v, 2v; degedü medekü-yin nigülesküi usun bari(èid-aèa

sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad degedü amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(èid blam-a

Manjušari-dur mörgümüi 1v; burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g inü 2r; Manjušari-yin

Kitad-un oron buyu 2r; Enedk[e]g-eèe orèi(ulu(san Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris 2r; odun-

lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür Manjušari bodisü[n]g törögsen bolai 2v.

Manjušari-[yin] ündüsün The Mañjuúrîmûlatantra: Enedk[e]g-eèe orèi(ulu(san

Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris 2r.

maqabud [S. mahâ-bhûtâni; Tib. ‘byung ba]; element; there are two systems of elements

used in the text: 1. the four elements: široi (earth); kei (air); (al (fire) and usun (water);

predominant in Indian astrology; and 2. the five elements: široi (earth); modun (wood); (al

(fire); usun (water) and altan/temür (iron) predominant in Chinese astrology: maqabud 59v;

temür maqabud 54r; modun maqabud 54r; usun maqabud 54r; qorin naiman na(šidar-yi tabun

maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r; dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral . . . ¯okiyasu(ai 45r; beri-

yin maqabud-un öngge-yin debel emüsteküi 52r.

846
GLOSSARY

Maqagala/Mahagala [S. Mahâkâla, "The Great Black One]; (cf. ODT, 38-67); Maqagala-

yin ba(uqu edürün belge inu tong(ori( bui 20r; Maqagala ba(uqu edür 46v; ede edüd

Mahagala kiged rduvrma duvngli kibesü sayin 47r.

Maq-a mayai Mahâmâya, "The Great Creative Illusion”; a fierce tantric deity. Cf. Lopez

(Tibet), 179; Beyer, 41-42; Maq-a mayai 1v.

Maq-a maya[y-yin] ündüsün The Mahâmâyatantra-nâma; cf. Newman 1987: 402; burqan

bodisü[n]g-nar Èa(-un kürdün ba. Jagr-a sambur-a terigüten kiged Maq-a mayai Manjušari-

aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v.

mar(ada tomorrow; mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(šidar 3v.

Margišar [S. Mr}gaÑir~s]; one of the nakshatra: Margišar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v, 60v; Banjar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi

3r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün terigün Margišar sar-a 18r; Margišar na(šidar;

o(tar(ui-tur Margišar na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 18r; Margišar na(šidar kemebesü a(ui yeke

na(šidar bui 25v; qan kümün-i ür-e-yi alda(ulu(èi Margišar buyu 33v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Margišar qoyar 45r;

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun

Margišar qoyar 45r; Ašivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden

modun bui 61r; Margašar Ardar qoyar qonin edür uèarabasu ma(u 46v; basa mör (arqu

edürün sayin kemebesü Margašar [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin

847
GLOSSARY

inu [. . .] Margašar [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Margišar [.

. .] sayin 51r; Margišar [. . .] beri ba(ul(aqu-du sayin 53r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü

[. . .] Margašar [. . .]sayin 55v; em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .]Margašar [. . .]

sayin 56r; bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu. [. . .]Margasar [.

. .]sayin 56v; Kerteg Margašar Èayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v; Margašar Asli(

Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r; Margašar-dur

amu(ulang nuta bolumui 37v.

maši ¯okilan obo( the eminently accommodating clan: Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad

Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

maši tübšin obo( the eminently just clan: Mig Burvasad Burvabadaribad Barani eden

maši tübšin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

matar [S. makara]; sea monster or crocodile (Lessing, 530); cf. also Hackin, 167; matar

dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni 39r.

Matar-un ger [S. makara]; the house of the sea monster/crocodile; a sign of the zodiac =

Capricorn, The Goat; in the ancient Babylonian zodiac was a constellation of a mythological

creature, suhur.máš ( the goat-fish) (Koch-Westenholz, 1995: 164); the Greeks in borrowing

the Babylonian zodiac created a mythological goat that we know as Capricorn; Hindus,

however, in borrowing the Babylonian zodiac, went the other way and created a mythological

fish or sea-monster (S. makara, Mong. matar) (Schlegel, 1967: 664): naran Matar-un ger-dür

oro(san 19r.

848
GLOSSARY

medeküi conscience; the 3rd link in the stages of dependent origination (štün barildaqui);

in the calendar paired with the Dragon of the twelve animals: luu medeküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

meküs weak; one of the terms of the horoscope, i.e. the ascendent: meküs 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v; tere gara( tegüs inu sayin. meküs inu dumda ebderekü ba(uram qoyar-du aliba üiles

ülü üiledkü 24v; ge¯ige-dür meküs dumda 52v.

menekei/meneki/menekii 1. frog; 2. yasutu menekei – turtle menekii metü qara kümün 5r;

qara yasutu meneki mör [(arbasu] ma(u 49r; yasutu meneki metü 59v; yirtinèü-dür meneki-

yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r; yasutu menekey-yin kürmeli 60r.

mengge birthmark, mole: ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v.

merged [pl. of mergen]; marksmen; sages: merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqa¯u narin-a

ü¯egdeküi buyu 2v; Nagajun-a ba(ši terigüten merged Èa(-un kürdün terigüten ; sudur-tur

nomla¯uqui 3r; kedber merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesügei 6v; Nagajuna terigüten

degedü merged-ün ta(alal 4r.

mergen marksman; sage; wisdom: eng terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san

sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu 5r; üiles-dür mergen ölöng aburitu seèin ba(atur

dayisun-i daru(ad aliba-yi ila(u(èi tegüs öl¯eyitü boluyu 25v; köbegün töröbesü ügen-dür

849
GLOSSARY

mergen bolu(ad 27v; Modun odun maši mergen bolqu 56v; arban tabun-a yosun medeküi

mergen uqa(atu bolumui 56v.

mese any edged weapon or tool; knife; dagger: mese keyibesü 16r; debel quya( mese qara-

nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r; ¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun-dur mese buu barii 33v; mese metü 59v; burqan-

u e¯in mese-dür üküyü 34v.

mese keyibesü if one makes a dagger (16r).

Mig [S. Mâgha]; one of the nakshatra: Mig 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37r, 37r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 48v, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v,

61v; Mig na(šidar 27r; Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 2r, 8r; Mig sara ebesün-ü ündüsün

kökemüi 2r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u 2r, 3r; Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras

sar-a bol(a¯u 2v; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün eèüs Mig sara 8r; takir no(èi

kümün-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(èi Mig buyu 33v; èo(tu yeke ¯a(an Mig buyu 34r; Mi<n>g

Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvad’i eden (al bui 61r.

miq-a meat: miq-a ülü idekü 58r; miq-a-yi mungna¯u 22r; miq-a-yi ülü idekü 58r.

miqaèi meat-eater; carnivore: miqaèi ¯a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v; miqaèi ¯a(an

Jayitari buyu 34r; miqaèi ¯a(an odun 59r; miqaèi èögebüri-yin odun 59r.

miqaèi ¯a(an the carnivorous elephant: miqaèi ¯a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v; miqaèi

¯a(an Jayitari buyu 34r; miqaèi ¯a(an odun 59r.

miqaèi èögebüri the carnivorous jackal: miqaèi èögebüri-yin odun 59r.

modun wood; tree; gnomon; the Wood star, i.e., Jupiter, Thursday; one of the five

elements: isün ¯uil modu 50v; Modu (odun) 55v; modun 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 48v, 61r; Modun

850
GLOSSARY

odun 2r, 2r, 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23r, 23r, 32v, 37r, 37r, 37v,

37v, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r,

53r, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v; modun erlig 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r;

modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad qošiyalamui 9r; modun èim[e]g

beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan te¯igemüi 14r; modun taribasu 22r, 32r, 35r;

modun èièig taribasu 35v, 36r; tariyan modun taribasu 37r 47v; modun èinar 23r; modun

möèir-iyer dokin 24v; tul(-a-yin modun metü 26v; modun metü 59v, 59v, 59v; qada èila(un-

aèa modun (ar(an èidamu 32v; modun buu o(tol 34v; modun o(talun negübesü 36v; sayin

üiles üiledbesü aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v; a(ula-aèa modun

eribesü ülü oldaqu 47v; modun gokimoi 48r; modun maqabud 54r; (altu tor(on ergiküi

modun odun 59r; oi modun o(talqui 61v; dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju

ü¯ebesü 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i iledte medeküi inu 5v; dolo(an qubi-du

modun-iyar èa(-<y>i medegdeküi tegüsbe 6r; bey-e-i turši modun-iyar èime¯ü 30v; dolo(an

qubi-du modun-u següder 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r; modun-u

èinadu ki¯a(ar-a ni(u¯u amui 22r; modun-u gara( büküy-yin tula modun èinar bui 23r;

modun-u door-a ni(u¯u amu 23v, 24v; doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a

tegüsbe 27r.

modun èièig taribasu if one plants trees or flowers (35v, 36r).

851
GLOSSARY

modun èim[e]g beèin ?the tree ornament monkey: modun èim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü

èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan te¯igemüi 14r.

modun èinar wood essence, i.e., the wood element (23r).

modun erlig wooden erlig; Erlig is the king of the underworld, but as Bawden says "the

term is also used to designate his minions: here it may be equivalent to Tib. gshin-rje, a class

of death-bringing demons for which see Oracles and Demons, p. 82" (Bawden SE I, 238, n.

70); modun erlig 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

modun (okimoi withering wood; Ordos form for modun qokimai; see Heissig 1971: 167,

170, 172; wood which may be decorated with cloth and expelled as a ransom figure (Bawden

SE II, 173, n. 78); cf. also under (okimui: 48r.

modun maqabud the wood element (54r).

Modun odun the wood star, Jupiter, Thursday: Modun odun 2r, 2r, 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v,

9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23r, 23r, 32v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v.

modun taribasu if one plants a tree (22r, 32r, 35r).

mo(ai snake; one of the twelve animals: Mo(ai sara 11r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban

tabun ügey-yin tula arban dörben inu arban tabun bolumui 3v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; šin mo(ai

sara 7v; küi mo(ai sara 7v; ii mo(ai sara 7v; ding mo(ai sara 7v; Töbed-dür Mo(ai sar-a 11r;

852
GLOSSARY

Mo(ai èa( 42r, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v; gi mo(ai èa( 7v; šin mo(ai èa( 7v; küi mo(ai èa( 7v;

ii mo(ai èa( 7v; ding mo(ai èa(; Mo(ai (a¯ar-a 10r; Mo(ai edür 8r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v,

56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; Mo(ai ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; mo(ai ¯ilten 53r, 54v; mo(ai ¯iltü 53v,

54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; mo(ai ner-e öngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v; mo(ai öngge ni(ur 8v; Mo(ai sara mön-ü tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nüken-dür orkimui

11r; ¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu mo(ay-yin terigün metü bui 27r; qara mo(ai šim küi 41r;

kümün-ü bey-e-dü. noqai terigütü. (aqai qoši(utu. šiba(un ¯igürtü kimusutu. mo(ai segültü

qar-a öngge-dü Sümber a(ula-yi ¯öbšiyerküy-e ¯egün qabar(-a kebte¯ü bara(un qabar(-a-bar

ergimüi 55r; mo(ay-yin 59r, 59r, 59r, 59r; mo(ay-yin terigün metü 59v.

Mo(ai èa( Snake hour: 42r, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v; gi mo(ai èa( 7v; šin mo(ai èa( 7v; küi

mo(ai èa( 7v; ii mo(ai èa( 7v; ding mo(ai èa( 7v.

Mo(ai edür Snake day (8r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r,

60v, 60v, 60v).

Mo(ai (a¯ar-a Snake place (10r).

Mo(ai ¯il Snake year (41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

55v, 58v; mo(ai ¯ilten 53r, 54v; mo(ai ¯iltü 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v).

853
GLOSSARY

mo(ai ner-e öngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; mo(ai öngge ni(ur 8v.

Mo(ai sara Snake month: 11r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun ügey-yin tula arban

dörben inu arban tabun bolumui 3v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; šin mo(ai sara 7v; küi mo(ai sara 7v;

ii mo(ai sara 7v; ding mo(ai sara 7v; Töbed-dür Mo(ai sar-a 11r.

Mong(ol Mongol: Mong(ol Tabun sara 12r; mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi

dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi tüšigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi

kemen ungšimui 35v; Mong(ol-tur Qubi sara kememü 8r; Mong(ol-dur Qoyar sara 9r;

Mong(ol-tur 'urban sara 10r; Mong(ol-dur. Dörben sar-a 11r; Mong(ol-dur ®ir(u(an sara

13r; Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an sar-a 14r; Mong(ol-dur Naiman sara 15r; Mong(ol-dur Isün sara

16r; Mong(ol-tur Arban nigen sar-a 18r; Mong(ol-dur Kögeler-ün sar-a 19r.

mong(olèil- to translate into Mongolian: mong(olèilbasu odun gara(-lu(-a

tegüs<s>ügsen-e mörgümüi 32r.

mordo-/morda- to mount one’s horse; to set off on a campaign: èerig mordobasu naran

ur(uqui èa(-tur morda 21v; èerig mordobasu edür düli morda 23r; èereg mordobasu erte

mana(ar morda 23v; èereg mordobasu söni düli-yin urida morda 24r; èerig buu morda 34v,

55r; èireg mordaqu edür 48v; èireg mordaqui 46r; èerig mordobasu 9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 23v, 24r,

24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29r, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 41r, 44r, 45r, 61v; bayiri-dur ken urida

mordobasu 22v; èirig ayan mordabasu 42r; èerig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v.

mori(n) horse; one of the twelve animals:

854
GLOSSARY

Morin sara 2v, 3v, 12r, 12r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Morin ¯il 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

55v, 58v; morin ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; morin ¯ilten 54v; Mori(n)

edür 10r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r,

50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v; Morin èa( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 53v; èa(an mori una(san 4v; ¯igerde morin

22v; ¯egerde qal¯an morin una(san 4v; ¯igerde morin unu¯u 21v; qong(or morin unu- 4v, 24v,

24v; köke boro mori unu(san 5r; köke morin una¯u 23v; qara morin unu- 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v;

köl morin unu¯u 23r; king morin sara 7v; šim morin sara 7v; ¯a morin sara 7v; bing morin sara

7v; uu morin sara 7v; king morin èa( 7v; šim morin èa( 7v; ¯a morin èa( 7v; bing morin èa(

7v; uu morin èa( 7v; morin ¯ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v;

morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün güièimüi 12r; morin (a¯ar 12r; morin qudaldubasu

25r, 31r, 31r, 31v; ¯a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r; qong(or qal¯an morin qudaldubasu 25r;

morin sur(abasu 21v, 28r, 31v, 34v; ¯a(al morin sur(abasu 29r; morin dobtulbasu 22v, 23v,

30v, 31v, 35r; morin buu dobtul 33v, 34r; morin šin¯ilebesü 27v; morin ögbesü 31v; dörben

odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v; (urban odun[-u] düri inu morin terigün metü bui

32r; morin (inu) üküyü 34r, 35r; erekei-yin èinegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin èinegen morin

unu¯u 39v; morin metü 59v; morin-dur ma(u 41r; morin-u 59r, 59r; unuqu morin-u ¯üsü 52v;

morin-u terigün metü 59v; keger-e moritu kümün-dür ¯ol(oqu 4v.

Morin èa( Horse hour: 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 53v.

855
GLOSSARY

morin dobtulbasu if one gallops a horse (22v, 23v, 30v, 31v, 35r).

Mori(n) edür Horse day: 10r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r,

48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60r,

60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v.

Morin (a¯ar Horse place: 12r.

Morin ¯il Horse year: 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v;

morin ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; morin ¯ilten 54v.

morin ¯ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v,

14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

morin ögbesü if one gives a horse (31v).

morin qudaldubasu if one trades a horse (25r, 31r, 31r, 31v).

Morin sara Horse month: 2v, 3v, 12r, 12r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; king morin sara 7v; šim morin sara 7v; ¯a morin

sara 7v; bing morin sara 7v; uu morin sara 7v; king morin èa( 7v; šim morin èa( 7v; ¯a morin

èa( 7v; bing morin èa( 7v; uu morin èa( 7v.

morin sur(abasu if one trains a horse (21v, 28r, 31v, 34v).

morin šin¯ilebesü if one examines a horse (27v).

möèe/i 1. limb; 2. unit of time, a) = 1.6 minutes or 96 seconds (S. kalâ); b) = 24 seconds

(S. vinâdî); c) = 14 minutes 24 seconds (Ch. ke/k’e (Mathews 3322.b): edür söni-yin èa(

möèi-yin qubi terigüten-i 2v; ¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur 4r; ¯iran da(un nigen möèe. (uèin möèi

nigen qubi (uèin qubi nigen qono( 5r; ¯ir(u(an amisqaquy-i nigen möèe ¯iran möèi nigen

856
GLOSSARY

qubi nigen qubi-dur nigen dusul qoyar qubi nigen tedüiken kememüi. ¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen

qono( bolumui 5v; ulam ne¯iged ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü 5v; möèi-ber qubiya¯u qubi

bol(an edür ¯ir(u(an èa( söni ¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u 5v; nigen qono(-i ¯a(un möèi bol(an

to(alaquy-yin yosun inu nigen edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu 6r; nigen èa(tur naiman

möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban qubi bolbasu nigen möèi bui 6r; qulu(an-a èa(-

un uridu dörben möèe mön edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; qoyitu dörben

möèi mana(ar-un edür-dü (ada(adu bui 6v; èa( möèe-yi bari(èi (uèin qoyar okin tngri 32v;

tngri (a¯ar-un on sara edür èa( möèe 55r.

möèir twig; small branch of a tree: modun möèir-iyer dokin (adquldubasu 24v.

möndür hail: möndür oro(ulbasu 32r; möndür buu oro(ul 34v; möndür oro(ulqui

terigüten aliba do(šin üile üiledbesü 39r.

möndür oro(ulbasu if one causes hail to fall (32r).

mönggü silver: altan mönggü qudaldubasu 26r.

mör path; way: 51v; nara sara mör tögerekü 4r; ¯oliy-a mör 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; mör (arbasu 22r, 24v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v,

29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r,

36r, 36v, 36v, 37r, 43v, 46v, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r, 54r; mal

adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa( mör (arbasu 25r; ¯i(ulèin kümün mör (arqu na(šidar 26v; mör

(arqu edürün sayin kemebesü 48v; dörben terigün sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r;

dörben dumdadu sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r; dörben eèüs sarayin mör (arqu

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kürdün ene bui 49r; aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün 49v;

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün

bui 49v; tabun dakini-yin mör (arqu edür-yi ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 49v; arban qoyar edür-

ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün ene bui 50r; arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu

¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (araqu jüg-ün ü¯ekü kürdün

okin-u mör (arqu edür kemebesü 54r; beri mör (arqu ¯üg kemebesü 54r; qola mör ülü (arqu

57v; yabuqu mör-dür talbi¯u 24r; mör bütügekü-yin urida 41r; tngri-yin mör kemekü edür 49r;

qara mör-dü bolunam 52v; öl¯eyitü mör 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r; (asalang-un mör 54r, 54r, 54r,

54r; mör ba yasun buu (ar(-a 58v; ¯i(ulèin mör türidkegèi odun 59r.

mör (ar- [Tib. lam-du ‘jug-pa]; to set out on a journey or venture (cf. TEDP, 194);

mör (arbasu 22r, 24v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v,

30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r,

43v, 46v, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r, 54r; mal adu(usun-u

keš[i]g èuqa( mör (arbasu 25r; ¯i(ulèin kümün mör (arqu na(šidar 26v; mör (arqu edürün

sayin kemebesü 48v; dörben terigün sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r; dörben dumdadu

sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r; dörben eèüs sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r;

aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün 49v; Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin

nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün bui 49v; tabun dakini-

yin mör (arqu edür-yi ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 49v; arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün

sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün ene bui 50r; arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü

858
GLOSSARY

kürdün 50r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (araqu jüg-ün ü¯ekü kürdün okin-u mör (arqu edür

kemebesü 54r; beri mör (arqu ¯üg kemebesü 54r; qola mör ülü (arqu 57v.

mör (arbasu if one sets out on a journey (22r, 24v, 25r, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v,

27v, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35v, 35v,

36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r, 43v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v,

54r, 54r).

mör tögerekü perturbation: nara sara mör tögerekü 4r.

mörgü- to knock one’s forehead against something; to bow: (al-du/r mörgügül 54r, 54r,

54r; üker qonin ¯iltü okin-i takiy-a èa(-du (al-du mörgügül 53v; (al-dur mörgügülbesü 53v,

54r; beri (al-du mörgügülkü èa( kemebesü 53v; blam-a Manjušari-dur mörgümüi 1v; odun

gara(-lu(-a tegüs<s>ügsen-e mörgümüi 32r.

mörin [=mören]; large river; lake: šin-e ba qa(uèin ong(oèa mörin-e buu oro(ul buu

getülge 35v.

Mul [S. Mûla]; one of the nakshatra: Mul 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 53r, 56r, 59r, 59v; Mul na(šidar kemebesü alban-u [=albin-u]

na(šidar bui 29v; ügegüü kümün-i bayan bol(a(èi Mul buyu 33v; yerü ür-e tasulu(èi Mul

buyu 34r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]

Mul [. . .] sayin 37v; [. . .] Mul [. . .] odun edür qutu( oroši(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad

buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v; Mul Abiji qoyar-du ¯arli( nom medekü bolumui 37v; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .] Usun odun Mul qoyar 45r;

859
GLOSSARY

šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür inu. Naran odun Mul qoyar 45r; Sadabis Udaribadaribad

Rivadi Burvasad Mul As’li( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Anurad

Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü

[. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu [. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin

48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Mul [. . .] odun sayin 51r; Burvabalguni

Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui. üiles bügüde-dü ma(u kememüi 60v; dörben tan odun

kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar. 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul

eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

mungna- to cut into pieces: miq-a-yi mungna¯u 22r.

mungqa( ignorance; the first phase of the twelve links of dependent origination (šitün

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the tiger of the twelve animals: baras mungqa(

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v,

16v, [16v], 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; mungqa( bolu(ad bayan bolqu 26r;

köbegün töröbesü mungqa( büged usun-dur ükükü ¯aya(atu bui 31r; köbegün okin töröbesü

mungqa( ba qulu(ayièi bolumui 31v.

nabèi leaf: qa(uèin nabèi una(ad 3r; šin-e nabèi èuquyiqui 3r; eng terigün gšan kemebesü

mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu 5r; (a¯ar-tur qamu(

nabèi ündüsün ur(umui 12r.

na(adum/na(addun/na(adun game; festival: taèiyang(ui yeke na(adum èinggeldüküi

28v; na(adun èinggeldün ¯ir(abasu 31r; na(addun na(adbasu 35r; na(addun èinggeküi 46r;

Mahašuvari terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar èinggeldümüi 38v.

860
GLOSSARY

na(adun èinggeldün ¯ir(abasu if one enjoys oneself celebrating at a festival (31r).

na(addun na(adbasu if one plays a game (35r).

na(šidar [S. nakshatra]; asterism; lunar mansion; there are twenty-eight; for a list of

nakshatra names in Mongolian, Tibetan and Sanskrit, see RRS, 671; for the Uygur stars of

the nakshatra, cf. Rachmati, 299-301; for correspondence of Hindu, Arab and Chinese

systems, cf. Burgess, 1859: 344; for lists of stars in Hindu, Arab and Chinese asterisms, cf.

Burgess, 1859: 468; for nakshatra as months, cf. Burgess, 1859: 174; for nakshatra star lore,

cf. Burgess, 1859: 324-365; for the 28 asterisms in Tibet, cf. Cornu, 131; na(šidar 56v; Bus

na(šidar 2v; na(šidar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v; edür-ün (ada(adu na(šidar 3v; mar(ada-

yin (ada(adu na(šidar 3v; odun na(šidar 4r, 37v, 42r, 46r; nidün-iyen odun na(šidar-i

nasuda šin¯ileküi kereg 4v; odun na(šidar uèirabasu 37v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu(

oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral

bolumui 45r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui 45r; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui 45r; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar

¯okiyasu(ai 45r; ede odun na(šidar tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯e 52r; öber öber nidün-iyer na(šidar

kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyalduquy-yi sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r; sar-a-yi ali na(šidar inu ekilekü

degürkü ba. bara(daqui medekü kereg 4v; isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür

kemekü na(šidar bui 25r; ra(šas-un sünesün na(šidar bui 25v; Margišar na(šidar kemebesü

861
GLOSSARY

a(ui yeke na(šidar bui 25v; tngri kümün èidköd (urba(ula èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar bui 26r;

biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(šidar 26r; Burnavasu na(šidar kemebesü uru(

tasura(san na(šidar kemeyü 26r; ¯i(ulèin kümün mör (arqu na(šidar bui 26v; Bus na(šidar

kemebesü tegüs öl¯eyitü na(šidar bui 26v; önüèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu

na(šidar bui 27r; (ürban qula(ayièi ¯öbleldüküi na(šidar bui 27r; Mig na(šidar kemebesü

süke-dür adali bui 27r; albin salm-a-bar küliküi na(šidar bui 27v; Burvabalguni na(šidar

kemebesü ra(èis-un qo(olai metü na(šidar 27v; ariyatan-u sünesün na(šidar kemeyü ula(an

¯ögebüri qaškiraqu kemeyü 27v; Udaribalguni na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün na(šidar

kemeyü 27v; qurim dotor-a kešig tasulqu na(šidar kemeyü 28r; Qasta na(šidar kemebesü

qurdun yabu(èi na(šidar kemeyü 28r; erlig-ün èinu-a güikü na(šidar kemeyü 28r; Savadai

na(šidar kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi na(šidar 28v; tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un

o(talda(san na(šidar kemeyü 28v; Šuša( na(šidar kemebesü (ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar

bui 29r; ada todqor èi(ul'qu-yin na(šidar kemeyü 29r; emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un dolo(an

na(šidar anu tegüsbe 29r; belbesün em-e kümün bükü (a¯ar bariqu na(šidar kemeyü 29v;

Èista na(šidar kemebesü šim[n]us-un na(šidar bui 29v; do(šid-un sedkil (angqui na(šidar

kemeyü 29v; Mul na(šidar kemebesü alban-u na(šidar bui 29v; quya( emüs'küi na(šidar

kemeyü 30r; Burvasad na(šidar kemebesü erketen-ü na(šidar bui 30r; tüšimed erdeni bolqu

na(šidar bui 30v; Abiji na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün na(šidar bui 30v; ükül-ün na(šidar

bui 30v; Širvan na(šidar kemebesü basar belèid-ün na(šidar bui 30v; emegen-ü sünesün

na(šidar 31v; Barani na(šidar kemebesü tul(-a-yin (urban köl metü bui 32r; umara ¯üg-ün

usun-u dolo(an na(šidar tegüsbe 32r; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede

862
GLOSSARY

dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul

Asali( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Kerteg Barani

Šuša(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v;

Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin

èinar bui 45v; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin

56v; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui 60v; na(šidar-a na(šidar-a i¯a(ur obo(-iyar

il(abasu 61r; tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v; tegüni qošiyad

qošiyad qono(-un odun na(šidar-<y>i to(alaqu ügei 3v; aliba odun na(šidar-<y>i endegüre¯ü

ese medebesü 4v; odun na(šidar-i ülü medekü bögesü tegüni medeküi ar(-a inu 4v; edür-ün

odu-yi medebesü na(šidar-<y>i tegüber medekü bolai 5r; na(šidar-<y>i e¯ilekü-yin ner-e ene

bui 59r; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu 60v; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i tabun

maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r; Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 2r, 8r; Udaribalguni na(šidar-iyar

ör geyimü 9r; Jayitari na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r; Šuša( na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r; Èista

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r; Burvasad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 13r; Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör

geyimü 14r; Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r; Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü

16r; Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 17r; Margišar na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 18r; Bus na(šidar-

iyar ör geyimü 19r; Sümber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ekilen 32v; qorin

naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u uèaral-un sayin ma(u-i üjekü

kürdün ene bui 21r; na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v;

Bus na(šidar-tu törü¯ügüi 2r; Kerteg na(šidar-tur burqan takibasu 25r; Rôkini na(šidar-tur

šin-e debel abubasu 25r; Ardar na(šidar-tur burqan bütügebesü 26r; Asli( na(šidar-tur eliy-e

863
GLOSSARY

üldebesü 27r; Jayitari na(šidar-tur šim[n]us bütügebesü 28r; Anurad na(šidar-tur mör

(arbasu 29r; Udarisad na(šidar-tur burqan-i takibasu 30r; Tanista na(šidar-tur mör (arbasu

31r; Sadabis na(šidar-tur aliba ol¯a eribesü 31r; Burvabadaribad na(šidar-tur beri

ba(ul(abasu 31r; Udarbadaribad na(šidar-tur subur(-a bosqabasu 31v; Rivadai na(šidar-tur

ger baribasu 31v; Ašuvani na(šidar-tur šin-e debel ¯okiyabasu 32r; odun na(šidar-un kürdün

2r; odun ba na(šidar-un uèaral 2v; yerü Suša( sar-a terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-

un neres-iyer nereyidkü 3r; qorin naiman na(šidar-un yabudal 24v; doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u

dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r; na(šidar-un sayin 37v; gara(-ud kiged na(šidar-un

sayin ma(u uèaral-yi eyin uqa(daqui 45v; na(šidarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r; beri-yi

ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui 52r; na(šidar-un ner-e 59r; na(šidar-un ner-e odun-

u to(-a bui düri ba maqabud ene bui 59v; Enedk[e]g-ün keleber. na(šidar-a sam-a yokibani

32r.

na(ur lake: köke na(ur 39v; luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r.

Nagajun-a/Nagajuna [S. Nâgârjuna; Tib. Klu sgrub; Mong. Luus bütügsen]; name of the

famous founder of the Mâdhyamika school of thinking (2nd cent. A. D.) which posed that

“things have no substance, no essence, no independent existence of any kind, but “exist” only

as aggregates of condition and relations (Lessing, 1177, 1189); Nagajun-a ba(ši terigüten

merged Èa(-un kürdün terigüten sudur-tur nomla¯uqui 3r; Nagajuna ba(ši nomlaba 4r;

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör(arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü

kürdün bui 49v; ¯arli( nom kiged Nagajuna terigüten degedü merged-ün ta(alal inu busu buyu

kemebesü. èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara mör tögerekü kiged ¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui 4r;

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GLOSSARY

Nagajun-a-yin; arban qoyar šitün barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün-eèe Nagajun-a-

yin ¯okiya(san yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v; Nagajuna-yin ta(alal 3v.

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin sudur Mûlamadhyamakakârikâ; Nagajun-a ba(ši terigüten merged

Èa(-un kürdün terigüten sudur-tur nomla¯uqui 3r.

naiman eight: naiman 27r, 38r; naiman ayima( 2v; naiman ayima( terigüten-ü èi(ulqui

qariqui 2v; naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adusun bui 20r;

naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r; naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu

temeèildübesü 35r; naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an inu yerü dörben ekin sarayin (urban isün-

e èi(ulumui 38r; Mahašuvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigüten-

iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r; tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigüten bügede Sümber a(ula-yin

orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u Mahašuvari terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

èinggeldümüi 38v; isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud

küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; kögeler sara büküli èi(ulqui bögetele

qorin isün-e söni düli tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bügüde ba yeke èi(ul(an buyu

38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud qariqui inu 39r; naiman luus-ud qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui

38v; nigen èa(tur naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; Naiman sara 15r, 15r, 37r,

38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r,

48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r;

naiman ¯il 41r; naiman odun 59v; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui 60v; naiman öber-

ün odun 60v; naiman šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v,

865
GLOSSARY

38v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56v,

56v; šinein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r, 53r, 53r.

naiman ayima( [Tib. sde-brgyad]; the eight classes; supernatural beings, spirits. There are

diverse classifications. Cf. Waddell, 366-367 for one group of "eight classes" of which some

members are listed in the manual. The basic reference, however, is to the class of demons

known in Tibetan as the yul lha "country gods." Their composition in the manual is according

to the Chinese system (2v). Cf. Waddell, pp. 369-370; ODT, 4, 254-256; and TEDP, passim.;

Cornu, 247-252; naiman ayima( terigüten-ü èi(ulqui qariqui 2v; naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu

edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu edürün belge

inu vaèir bui 20r; naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu temeèildübesü 35r; naiman ayima(-ud-un

èi(ul(an inu yerü dörben ekin sarayin (urban isün-e èi(ulumui 38r; Mahašuvari tngri kiged

Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r; tngri mang(us

naiman aima(-ud terigüten bügede Sümber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u

Mahašuvari terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar èinggeldümüi 38v; isün sarayin naiman šin-e-

eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v;

kögeler sara büküli èi(ulqui bögetele qorin isün-e söni düli tngri mang(us kiged naiman

ayima(-ud bügüde ba yeke èi(ul(an buyu 38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud qariqui inu 39r.

naiman luus-ud qad the eight dragon kings: naiman luus-ud qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui 38v.

866
GLOSSARY

naiman öber-ün odun the personal nakshatra: naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü Ardar

Burnavasu qoyar Qasta Jayitar qoyar. Anurad Tanisa qoyar. Sadabis Burvabadaribad qoyar

bui 60v.

Naiman sara the eighth month: 15r, 15r, 37r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Naiman sarada<n>

edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r.

naiman šin-e the eighth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 56v, 56v; šinein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r, 53r, 53r.

namanèila- to put the palms of the hands together, especially for praying or greeting; to

pray, to bow; to repent, confess: namanèilabasu 25v.

namanèilabasu if one confesses (25v).

namur autumn: tariyaèin-tur namurun terigün sara 13r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun

terigün sar-a 14r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun terigün Burvabadaribad sara

15r; namurun terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r; namur-un dumdadu (sara) 56v; Morin ¯il-

dür namurun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; tariyaèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r; Kitad-un

to(aèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun

dumdadu Ašivani sara 16r; namurun dumdadu ügegüregülegèi 41r; tariyaèin-dur namurun

eèüs sar-a 15r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun eèus sar-a 16r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-

dür namurun eèüs Kerteg sar-a 17r; namurun eèüs ügeyiregülügèi sar-a bui 41r; qabur

867
GLOSSARY

namarun a(ur 6r; namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r; qabur namurun qu(us¯un ebülün tüil-ün

edür bolai 59r.

namur-un dumdadu sara the middle month of autumn: namur-un dumdadu (sara) 56v;

Morin ¯il-dür namurun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; tariyaèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r;

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür

namurun dumdadu Ašivani sara 16r; namurun dumdadu ügegüregülegèi 41r.

namur-un eèüs sar-a the final month of autumn: tariyaèin-dur namurun eèüs sar-a 15r;

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun eèus sar-a 16r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun

eèüs Kerteg sar-a 17r; namurun eèüs ügeyiregülügèi sar-a bui 41r.

namurun (urban sara the three months of autumn (42r, 42r, 55r).

namurun qu(us the autumnal equinox: qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür

bolai 59r.

namur-un terigün sara the first month of autumn: tariyaèin-tur namurun terigün sara 13r;

qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun terigün sar-a 14r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür

namurun terigün Burvabadaribad sara 15r; namurun terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r.

nara(n) sun: nara(n) 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 37v, 38r; nara urbaqui 2v; nara urba(san-aèa

(urban sar-a bolu(ad edür söni saèu(uu bolumui 5v; Banjar dakini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi

3r; ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r; nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a ¯üg odqui 3r; nara emüneši

odqui ba. umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( tasuraqui 3v; nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg

urba¯u 5v; nara emüneši odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu nigen ¯il bolumui 5v; nara

868
GLOSSARY

emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin

(a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r;

nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder

ügei bolumui 6r; naran umara ¯üg odqui ¯ir(u(an sara sayin bui 37v; nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende

qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i

edür 6r; basa düng¯i bolbasu ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe qoyin-a edür ulam urtudumui 6r;

¯un-u nara bayiqu egün-eèe qoyin-a ulam urtuddumui 6v; ¯un-u naran bayiqu èa( 12r; nara

oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v; nara sara 55r; èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara

mör tögerekü 4r; nara sara kirtübesü yeke ¯ud bolumui 25v; nara sara ükübesü 27r, 32r; nara

sara kiged isün gara( ba. èa( möèe-yi bari(èi (uèin qoyar okin tngri 32v; ginggang kemebesü

nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( kememüi 42v; nara ur(u- 42r, 42v; nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e 6r;

luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r; èereg mordobasu naran ur(uqui èa(-tur morda 21v;

qubi sarayin arban dörben nara ur(uqui èa(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui 38r; qara šingpüng güiküi anu. qubi sarayin Baras beèin edür nara ur(u(san

qoyin-a güimüi 42r; nara šingge- 42r; nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a

kümün-ü öngge tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; Naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e

ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; isün sarayin

naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur

èi(ulumui 38v; arban sarayin arban dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e ya(šas-un ayima(-

iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-

un] qariqui inu qubi sarayin arban dolo(an arban isün-e nara šinggeküi-dür qarimui 39r; qoyar

869
GLOSSARY

sarayin nigen šin-e qorin naiman-a nara šinggeküi-tür qarimui 39r; nara mandu- 40r, 40r, 40r,

42v, 42v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud qad-

iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; tabun sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a nara manduqui-dur qarimui

39r; isün sarayin qoyar šin-e nara manduqui-dur qarimui 39r; nara Qumqan-u ger-dür

oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r; naran ®i(asun-u ger-dür oro(san-u

tula usun-dur qamu( ¯i(asun güimüi 9r; nara Qonin-u gertür oro(san-u tula qonin èa(-iyar

qura(alamui 10r; nara Üker-ün ger-dür oro(san-u tula üker qurièaqui sar-a bui 11r; naran

Qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula. yirtinèü-yin qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r;

Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gerdür naran oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-dür meneki-yin da(un

kögemei bolumui 13r; naran Arsalan-u gerdür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki arsalan quraèimui

14r; naran Okin-u gerdür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki<n> okid üjügürkeküi èa( bui 15r; naran

Èinglegüür-ün gertür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-deki dusul terigüten-i èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi

16r; naran Tiler-ün gerdür oro(sun-u tula. yirtinèü-deki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa(

17r; naran Numun-u gertür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-teki numun qata(uu küèütü bolumui 18r;

naran Matar-un ger-dür oro(san-u tula matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; Nara(n) odun 4v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21v, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v; Naran odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara(

kememü (al èinar bui 21v; ula(an nara 39v; qariqui edürün beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r;

šim[n]us-i ila(u(san edürün belge inu qara nara bui 20r; na(šidar anu burqan-u nomla(san

870
GLOSSARY

Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai

2v.

nara ba(u- the sun declines, i.e., at the solstices: Banjar dakini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi

3r; ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r.

nara bayiqu lit. “the sun stops”; the solstice, i.e., the time when the sun stops and reverses

its direction; it is a time for cutting days from the calendar; other Mongolian terms for the

solstices are nara buèaqu edür, "the day the sun returns", and nara jo(sulta edür, "the day the

sun stops". nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; nara emüneši odqui

eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür 6r; basa düng¯i bolbasu ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe

qoyin-a edür ulam urtudumui 6r.

nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a ¯üg odqui [S. ayana “progress”; uttarâyana “northern

progress”; dakshinâyana “southern progress”]; the progress of the sun to the south and the

progress of the sun to the north, i.e. the tropical year, marking the sun’s path from solstice to

solstice; see Burgess, 1859: 247, 249; Stone, 1981: 52-54, 187-188; nara emüneši odqui ba.

umar-a ¯üg odqui 3r; nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( tasuraqui

3v; nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg urba¯u 5v; nara emüneši odqui ba umar-a odqu anu

da(usbasu nigen ¯il bolumui 5v; nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür

düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü dolo(an qubi-du modun-u

següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür

871
GLOSSARY

düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r; naran umara ¯üg odqui ¯ir(u(an sara

sayin bui 37v.

nara mandu- the sun rises: 40r, 40r, 40r, 42v, 42v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-

a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; tabun sarayin

arban ¯ir(u(an-a nara manduqui-dur qarimui 39r; isün sarayin qoyar šin-e nara manduqui-dur

qarimui 39r.

Nara(n) odun Sunday: 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21v, 44r,

44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v; Naran

odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara( kememü (al èinar bui 21v.

nara sara kirtübesü if there is an eclipse of the sun or moon (25v).

nara sara ükübesü if the sun or moon die, i.e., if there is an eclipse (27r, 32r).

nara šingge- the sun sets: 42r; nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü

öngge tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; Naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e ya(šas-

un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; isün sarayin naiman

šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui

38v; arban sarayin arban dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e ya(šas-un ayima(-iyar

küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-un]

qariqui inu qubi sarayin arban dolo(an arban isün-e nara šinggeküi-dür qarimui 39r; qoyar

sarayin nigen šin-e qorin naiman-a nara šinggeküi-tür qarimui 39r.

872
GLOSSARY

nara urba- the sun changes direction, i.e., at the solstices: nara urbaqui 2v; nara urba(san-

aèa (urban sar-a bolu(ad edür söni saèu(uu bolumui 5v.

nara ur(u- sunrise: 42r, 42v; nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e 6r; luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara

ur(umui 8r; èereg mordobasu naran ur(uqui èa(-tur morda 21v; qubi sarayin arban dörben

nara ur(uqui èa(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38r; qara šingpüng

güiküi anu. qubi sarayin Baras beèin edür nara ur(u(san qoyin-a güimüi 42r.

Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur The heart of the sun sutra; S. Sûryagarbhasûtra (cf. MSD,

310; Ligeti (1944): 272; Mongolian Kanjur, vol. 82, folio 125v-313v, p. 250-626; na(šidar

anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar

tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v.

nasu(n) year in relation to life, i.e., age; maturity; (aqai nasu to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui 17r;

nasun 61v; okin ögbesü amin nasun oqur bolqu 24r; köbegün töröbesü amin nasun oqor

bolqu 29v; do(šin üiles üiledbesü üiled-dügèi kümün-ü amin nasun oqor bolumui 39r;

rašiyan-u uèaral-iyar amin nasun delgereyü 45v; amin nasun bütügeküi delgeregülkü 45v;

amin nasun aqur bolqu 47v; nasun uribasu 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r; nasun bütügebesü 28r, 34v;

köbegün töröbesü ebedèinügei nasun urtu bolqu 32r; qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse¯ü

38r; nasun urtu bolqu üiles 45v; nasun urtu bolqu 57v; em-e abqu er-e kümün-ü nasun

ü¯egdeküi 53r; nasun-a 53r, 53r; qulu(an-a ¯iltü kümün arban tabu qorin dolo(an (uèin ede

nasun-a em-e abubasu ma(u 53r; qorin naiman nasun-a ese ükübesü ¯iran nasulayu 61v; qorin

nasun-aèa önggerebesü dalan nasulayu 61v; ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r.

873
GLOSSARY

nasun bütügebesü [S. âyuhsâdhanâ]; if one performs a rite for longevity (28r, 34v); cf.

sidi in Lessing, 698.

nasun[-u tarni] uribasu if one recites the dh~ran}§ of life (27v, 28r, 29v, 30r); see RRS,

377.

nayan eighty: nayan nasula- 61r, 61r, 61v.

nayir (arbasu if one holds a feast (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v).

nayitabasu if one sneezes (57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58v).

negegèi [Ch. kai/k’ai “to open” (Mathews 3204)]; the one that opens; the 11th lord of the

day: ke negegèi edür 36v; mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi

to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi tüšigèi bütügèi quriya(èi nege<ge>gèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui

35v.

negegemel opening: suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu esü( ¯ula(-un negegemel edür 60v; edeger

negegemel kemekü edür 60v.

negüdel/negüüdel nomadizing; transhumanance; move; travel: yeke negüdel yabubasu

41v; negüdel negübesü 44r; èereg ba negüüdel buu od 58v

negüdel negübesü if one nomadizes (44r).

negüübesü if one moves (36r).

ner-e eribesü if one seeks a name (35r).

ner-e ögbesü if one gives a name (26v, 30r, 32r).

ner-e öngge name and form; the 4th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination

(šitün barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the snake of the 12 animals: mo(ai ner-e

874
GLOSSARY

öngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

ner-e-dür ner-e öggübesü gives a name for a name (25v); perhaps this means to give a

nickname or a secret name.

neyièile- to be friendly with someone, i.e. to have sexual relations: köbegün okin(-i)

neyièilebesü 36r, 37r.

neyilèikil- to be in harmony with someone, i.e., to have sexual relations: kegüken abun

neyilèikilbesü 36r.

neyilegül- to combine, e.g., medicine or poison: em neyilegülbesü 11v; qoor-a

neyilegülbesü 41v; neyilegülküi 45v; qoor neyilegülküi üiles 46r; em neyilegülküi sayin edür

56r.

nidü(n) eyes: Bati bata güikü edürün belge inu ala( nidün bui 20v; nidün-dür nidün metü

qoyar sayiqan köbegün törömüi 52v; nidün-dü gem-dü kümün 4v; nidün-dür ür-e sadun

delgereged 52v; nidün-dür nidün metü qoyar sayiqan köbegün törömüi 52v; üsün kir(abasu

nidün-dür qarši 57v; tegüni medeküi-dür nidün-iyen odun na(šidar-i nasuda šin¯ileküi kereg

4v; belge inu nigen nidün-iyer ü¯ebesü 3v; öber öber nidün-iyer na(šidar kiged sar-a-lu(-a

tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r; balai kümün-i nidüt[e]i bol(a(èi Anurad buyu 33v;

(urban nidütü dörbel¯in 44r; (a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü

dörbel¯in bui 20v; isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür kemekü na(šidar bui 25r.

nidü- to grind, e.g., medicine: em nidübesü 36r, 37r; otaèi-yin em nidübesü 35v.

875
GLOSSARY

ni(uèa secret, a euphemism for the genitals, one of the parts of the body commonly named

in divination diagrams; ni(uèa-dur ür-e-ügei bolqu 52v.

ni(uèa (to(-a) secret mathematics; one of the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external,

internal and secret, according to the Kâlacakratantra (cf. Cornu, 25-26); (ada(adu doto(adu

ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v.

ni(un boy, son: ni(un töröbesü 43r

ni(un töröbesü if a son is born (43r).

ni(ur face: mo(ai öngge ni(ur 8v; nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad

buyu 34r; ni(ur ugiya(èi 52v; okin-i ni(ur umara ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53v; okin-i ni(ur

doron-a ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53v; okin-i ni(ur örön-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53r; okin-i ni(ur

emün-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53r; qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r;

(ar ni(ur-iyan ugiya¯u 4v; ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v; beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu

¯üg kemebesü 53v.

ni(ur ugiya(èi the one who washes [the bride’s] face (52v).

nigen one: nigen 3r, 3r, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5v, 5v,

5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 20v, 20v, 22v, 23r, 24r, 24r,

24v, 26v, 28v, 28v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 34r,

34r, 36v, 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v,

48r, 48r, 51r, 52r, 54v, 55r, 56r, 56r, 59r, 59r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 60v, 60v, 60v; nigen šin-e 2r,

8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40r, 43v,

876
GLOSSARY

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v; šinein nigen 41v;

nigen edür 22r, 42r; Nigen sar-a 48v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v.

Nigen sar-a the first month; used occasionally instead of Qubi sara: 48v, 60r, 60r, 60r,

60v.

nigen šin-e the first day of the month: 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v; šinein nigen 41v.

nigüles- to pity, be compassionate, merciful: degedü medekü-yin nigülesküi usun bari(èid-

aèa 1v; ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi 2r.

nigültü kümün sinful person (5r).

ni¯iged/ne¯iged [=ni¯eged] one each; one by one: ne¯iged ne¯iged/ni¯iged ni¯iged 6r, 6r;

edür söni qoyar-<y>i ulam ne¯iged ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü 5v; ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür

yegüdkü 6r; edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui 6r; öèüken ¯il-lu(-a [=¯il-lüge] ni¯iged

odun bui. ni¯iged gara( bui. ni¯iged gara(-lu(-a ni¯iged èa( bari(èi bui 33r.

nilbusun tear: qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r.

nilq-a infant: (a¯ar ködelbesü [n]ilq-a keü ba èai qudalduèin-a ma(u bui 30r.

nirai infant, newborn: nir[a]i-dur ner-e ögbesü 32r

niru(u(n)/nira(un back, spine; ridgepole, i.e., of a house: ¯ir(u(an šin-e arban dörben

qorin qoyar (uèin-a noqai niru(u ma(u 49v; dörben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-[y]i qara 41r;

niru(un 55r, 55r, 55r; èa(an baras-un niru(un mör (arbasu sayin 49r; [n]iru(un inu umara

55r; gerün [n]iru(un metü 59v; niru(un-dur 55r; köke luu-yin niru(un-tur mör (arbasu sayin

877
GLOSSARY

49r; niru(un-dur ür-e tasuraqu 52v; nira(un-dur ür-etasuram 52v; [n]iru(un-tur beri buu

ab<a> 55r; niru(un-tur èerig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v; ken-dür uèira(san beri niru(un-

ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri bui bügüdedü ma(u 54r.

nis- to fly: ¯a(ur-a salbarun ¯ul¯a(an degde¯ü nisümüi 12r.

nitul- to kill, slaughter, esp. of animals: nitulqui-tur duritu 32r; alaqu nitulquy-yi üiledbesü

28r.

no(èi ?cripple: takir no(èi kümün-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(èi Mig buyu 33v.

no(o(an green: no(o(an debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 34v, 35v.

nom dharma; law; book: nom 4r; nom nomlabasu 23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v, 61r; nom buyan

üiledbesü 24r; nom ungšibasu 25v, 27v; nom bièebesü 26v, 35r, 36r, 36r, 46v; nom bièig

bièibesü 36v; nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui

37v; ¯arli( nom medekü bolumui 37v; nom ba yertinèü-deki aliba sayin üiles üiledbesü 44v;

Ayuši-yin nom ungšiqui 45v; nom kiged buyan kešig delgerekü 46v; nom buyan üiledkü 60v;

üküsed-ün nom-du 60v; šagšabad tegülder nom-dur tegüs ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 29r; ögligèi

nom-dur duritu boluyu 30r; nom-dur orobasu 36r; burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v; ünemleküy-

yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil 1v; ünen nom-un kürdün 13r; nom-un ¯üil-dür duratai 25v.

nom bièebesü if one inscribes the dharma (26v, 35r, 36r, 36r, 46v).

nom bièig bièibesü if one writes a scripture (36v).

nom buyan üiled- to perform dharma merit (60v).

nom buyan üiledbesü if one performs dharma merit (24r).

nom nomlabasu if one preaches the dharma (23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v, 61r).

878
GLOSSARY

nom ungšibasu if one reads the dharma (25v, 27v).

nom-dur orobasu if one starts [to read] a scripture (36r).

nomèi theologian; scholar; bibliophile: nomèi tegüs ¯ir(alang-du bolumui 27v.

nomla- to preach: Nagajuna ba(ši nomlaba 4r; nom nomlabasu 23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v,

61r; ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; nomla(san-u tulada 1v, 4r, 37v;

ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen burqan-u nomla(san sudur dandaris 2r; nomla(san-i tayilbasu 2r;

qutu(tu Manjušari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar 2v; burqan-u nomla(san

Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur 2v; Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu

edür 49v; keriy-e-yin ündüsün-dür nomla(san buyu 56v; nomla¯uqui 3r; busu sudur-ud-tur

nomla¯uqui 2r; noqai-dur ebedèin emeleküi-i èigerlegülün nomla¯uqui 56v; Manjušari-yin

ündüsün dandris-dur nomlar-un 2r; dandaris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroši(ulqu

kemebesü 37v.

nomo(adqa- to pacify, subdue, e.g., an enemy; demons: dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r;

èidker-nu(ud-i nomo(odqabasu 23r; èidköd-yi nomo(odqabasu 34v, 35v; qarši-yi

nomo(odqabasu 28r; erketen-i nomo(odqabasu 28r; engküri-yi nomo(odqabasu 25r; üküger-i

nomo(adqabasu 46v; ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r; nomo(odqaqui üile 31v.

noqai dog: Noqai ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; noqai

¯iltü 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r; noqai ¯ilten 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v; Noqai sara 2v, 3v, 16r, 16r, 40r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; ¯a noqai sara

7v; bing noqai sara 7v; uu noqai sara 7v; king noqai sara 7v; šim noqai sara 7v; Noqai edür

8r, 9r, 10r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 46v,

879
GLOSSARY

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; Noqai

èa( 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 54r; ¯a noqai èa( 7v; bing noqai èa( 7v; uu

noqai èa( 7v; king noqai èa( 7v; šim noqai èa( 7v; èa(an noqai kötelügsen 4v; noqai abqui

8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; noqai (a¯ar-a 13r; noqai quraèi¯u

[=qurièa¯u] qošiyalamui 16r; tngri-yin noqai 32v, 52r; tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge

doro(ši qandu(san qara sara bui 20v; odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in inu tngri-yin qara noqai

ba(umu 55r; (a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in bui 20v;

(a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r; èa(an segeretü qara noqai 22r; ala( noqai 24v; noqai

te¯iyebesü 44r; noqai kegübesü 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v; noqai x 58r, 58r; [n]oqai x 58r; noqai

qoši(un 49v; noqai terigün 49v; noqai terigütü 55r; noqai niru(u 49v; noqai ülü te¯igekü ülü

alaqu ülü ¯anèiqu. ülü abqu 58r; aliba sarayin noqai-dur ebedèin emleküy-[yi] èigerlegülün

nomla¯uqui 56v; noqai-yin qabar 49v; tngri-yin noqai-yin kürdün 52v; tngri-yin noqai-yin

aman 53r; tngri-yin noqai-yin yabudal yeke kereg-dü bui 55v.

noqai abqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

Noqai èa( Dog hour: 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 54r; ¯a noqai èa( 7v; bing

noqai èa( 7v; uu noqai èa( 7v; king noqai èa( 7v; šim noqai èa( 7v.

Noqai edür Dog day: 8r, 9r, 10r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 42r,

42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v,

60r, 60v, 60v, 60v.

880
GLOSSARY

Noqai (a¯ar-a Dog place: 13r.

Noqai ¯il Dog year: 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; noqai

¯iltü 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r; noqai ¯ilten 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v.

noqai kegübesü if a dog barks (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r).

Noqai sara Dog month: 2v, 3v, 16r, 16r, 40r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; ¯a noqai sara 7v; bing noqai sara 7v; uu noqai sara 7v; king

noqai sara 7v; šim noqai sara 7v.

noqai te¯iyebesü if one feeds a dog (44r).

noyad [pl. of noyan]; princes, lords, masters: noyad isanglaqu 35v; noyad iši-dür ¯ol(obasu

35v; noyad-dur ma(u 26r.

noyan lord, prince, chief, commander: noyan kümün 5r; èereg-ün noyan 21v; èereg-ün

noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v; èireg-ün noyan-u gara( 22v; èereg-ün noyan ükükü 40r; (a¯ar

ködelbesü ulus-un noyan ükükü 27v; qan noyan bolqu 46v; noyan sa(uqu 47v; noyan iši

¯ol(abasu 37r; noyan isanglaqu 37r; Üker edür noyan ülü isanglaqu 57r; noyan isanglabasu

61r; doron-a ¯üg qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur ¯i(abasu 24v; dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan-u

ner-e 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e 23r; èireg mordobasu noyan-u bey-e

ba morin-dur ma(u 41r.

noyan isanglabasu if one promotes a noble (61r).

noyan iši ¯ol(abasu if a noble presents himself to the principle wife of the ruler (37r).

nögèigsen passed from suffering: ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen burqan 1v.

881
GLOSSARY

nököèi- to become intimate; to become possessed by a demon (Lessing 593): egün-lüge

[n]ököèibesü 42v.

nököd [pl. of nökör]; companions, comrades: nököd ülü ¯okildun qadquldu(ad 27r.

nökögesün patched: nökögesün debeltü 22r.

nöröge èirai pockmarked face (22v).

numu(n) bow: numu 50v; numun qata(uu küèütü bolumui 18r; naran Numun-u gertür

oro(san 18r.

Numun-u ger the house of the bow; Sagittarius; the 11th sign of the zodiac: naran Numun-

u gertür oro(san 18r.

nutu( native land: nutu( buu ü¯e 34v; nutu( ularibasu 34v, 43v; nutu( qa(al(-a sayin bui

51v; (olomta ger nutu( mör ede sayin bui 51v; nutu( ger (olomta degüü ede sayin bui 51v;

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egüüde anu sayin 60r; nutu(-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; šin-e nutu(-dur

buu ba(u 43r.

nutu( ularibasu if one changes ones native land (34v, 43v).

nüke(n) hole: (a¯ar usun èöm amin nüke kürümüi 18r; quddu( nüke bulabasu 37r; quddu(

nüke butegen bulabasu 36r; kegür-ün nüke metü 59v; Mo(ai sara mön-ü tula mo(ai arisun-

iyan nüken-dür orkimui 11r; Qulu(an-a sara mön-ü tula belge inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-

eèe ülü (arumui 18r.

obo( clan: na(šidar-a i¯a(ur obo(-iyar il(abasu 61r; öber-e obo(-tan dörben kümün

qula(u¯u amu 27r; Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu

61r; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun èingbatu obo(-tan buyu

882
GLOSSARY

61r; Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r;

Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v;

Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v;

Mig Burvasad Burvabadaribad Barani eden maši tübšin obo(-tan buyu 61v; Kerteg Šuša(

qoyar èing böged ¯ögelen obo(-tan buyu 61v.

odèa(/odèu( hearth; odèa( tülebesü 42v; odèa( egüdbesü 43v; kam-dur uèira(san beri

(ar-ta(an odèu( bari(san bui bügüde-dü sayin 54r.

odèa( egüdbesü if one starts a fire in the hearth (43v).

odèa( tülebesü if one kindles a fire in the hearth (42v).

odud [pl. of odun]; stars: odud 37r, 37v, 37v, 46v, 48v, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 61r;

örön-e ¯üg-ün altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegüsbe 31r; odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a ali

bui 33r; odud-un terigün Kerteg bui 33r

odu(n) star: odun 37v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 51r, 53r, 56r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 61r; odun na(šidar-un kürdün 2r; odun ba na(šidar-un uèaral 2v; nara urbaqui odun 2v;

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v; qošiyad qošiyad qono(-un odun

na(šidar-yi to(alaqu ügei 3v;saban sara-dur odun na(šidar ü¯eküi 4r; nidün-iyen odun

na(šidar-i nasuda šin¯ileküi kereg 4v; aliba odun na(šidar-yi endegüre¯ü ese medebesü 4v;

odun na(šidar-i ülü medekü 4v; Široi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

883
GLOSSARY

19v, 19v, 24r, 24r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 48v, 52r, 56r; Naran odun

4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21v, 21v, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 52r; Sara(n) odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22r,

22r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 48v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 56r; 'al odun 4v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 48v, 52r, 56r; Usun odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r;

Modun odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23r, 23r, 32v, 43r,

44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 56v; Altan odun

4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v,

884
GLOSSARY

17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r; odun gara(-lu(-a tegüs<s>ügsen-e mörgümüi 32r; minu

odun ali bui 32v; yabuqui odun 32v; okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v; Sümber

a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi odun 32v; dumda büküi-yi to(orin yabu(èi odun 32v; a(ula-yin

door-a to(orin yabu(èi odun 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun

kiged Vim-a neretü qoyar odun bui 32v; Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi <m>odun mön

uridu qoyar odun terigülen ¯ir(u(an qadu(ur odun ba. tngri-yin noqai ba. Modun odun kiged

orgil-iyar to(orimui 32v; Sümber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ekilen qorin

naiman odun ba. nara sara kiged isün gara( ba. èa( möèe-yi bari(èi (uèin qoyar okin tngri

ba. yeke öèüken odun bügüde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v; öèüken ¯il-lu(-a ni¯iged odun bui

33r; arban tabun odun bügüde door-a to(orimui 33r; (al-un galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui33r;

usun-u galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; kiy-yin galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen

kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen gegün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r;

nigen üker-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r;

ügegüü kümün-i bayan bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; bayan kümün-i ügegüregülegèi odun ali bui

33r; qurim-dur kešig tasurla(èi odun ali bui 33r; šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i] tüimeriddügèi

odun ali bui 33r; nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; ür-e-ügei

kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; (uyiranèi kümün-dür altan ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali

bui 33r; èi(ul(an-dur ol¯a ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; ma(ui arad-i sayid-un ¯erge-dür

oro(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; qan kümün-i ür-e alda(ula(èi [odun] ali bui 33r; èinu-a-yin

kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ura(ulu(èi odun ali bui

885
GLOSSARY

33v; ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33v; ma(ui udusq-a

ma(ui üiles ügegüü duta(uu bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33v; ¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu

34r; odun na(šidar sayin bögesü 37v, 42r, 46r; odun na(šidar uèirabasu 37v; edür-lu(-a odun

qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r; tülegèi odun 44v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui 45r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar

bolumui 45r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui 45r; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü

yosu(ar ¯okiyasu(ai 45r; Luuq-a odun 45v; odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-yi

il(a¯u bièisügei 46r; ¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui

sayin odun 51r; beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui 52r; ede odun na(šidar

tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯e 52r; gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v;

odun gara( 55r; Mul odun 56r; (adquldu(èi tngri-yin egüden odun 59r; bayan kümün-i

ügeyiregülügèi odun 59r; šilu(un ön<e>gge ¯ögelen odun 59r; usun-dur alda(san šimnus-un

odun 59r; ¯i(ulèin mör türidkegèi odun 59r; (anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in odun 59r; öröne

umara-yin ši¯im odun 59r; albin-u tegermeèi odun 59r; qaškirqui èögebüri odun 59r; üküger

qara ¯arudasun odun 59r; (altu tor(on ergiküi Modun odun 59r; bu(u-yin eber-ün a(ui odun

59r; bütügèi odun 59r; küü sang bari(èi odun 59r; nigen em-e yisün er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r;

tngri-yin šijim odun 59r; qan kümün törü¯ü ükükü odun 59r; dolo(an öl¯eyitü bayan odun 59r;

dörbel¯in küri odun 59r; da(ulaèi önöèin odun 59r; ila(un daru(da(èi odun 59r; görögeèin

886
GLOSSARY

šimnus-un odun 59r; miqaèi èögebüri-yin odun 59r; yeke sun-a odun 59r; miqaèi ¯a(an odun

59r; ür-e tasulu(èi odun 59r; nigen kümün ki¯a(ar dayisun daru(èi odun 59r; abu(èi eliy-e

odun 59r; odun erdem-yi to(olabasu 60v; Rôkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis keš[i]g-ün

odun bui 60v; Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui 60v; Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad

bütügekü-yin odun bui 60v; Burvabalguni Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui 60v;

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-ün odun bui 60v; Šuša( Ašuvani Mig

Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; Kerteg Margašar Èayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui

60v; öber-ün odun 60v; dörben ür-e tasura(san odun 61r; dörben tan odun 61r; dörben

belbesün odun 61r; eden dörben odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r; eden dörben odun

èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r; eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v; eden

odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v; ede (urban odun-aèa busu inu ma(u 56v;

¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun-dur mese buu barii 33v; ede sayin odun-dur šitügen-dür qutu(

oroši(ulbasu 38r; Nara odun-dur ed mal qorom¯i bolqu 56r; öber-ün törögsen odun-dur ya(un

buu üiled 56r; Naran odun-dur gegen oyutu bolumui 56v; Altan odun-dur tusa yeke bolqu

56v; dörben terigün odun-dur adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v; dörben eèüs odun-dur qutu( ülü

oroši(ulqu bui 61v; odun-i 50v; ede belges-lu(-a tokiyaldu(ul¯u edür-ün odun-i medekü bolai

5r; qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u 21r; dolo(an odun-i

ünen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui 24v; Modun odun-iyar uduridu(ad 2r; Široi odun-iyar

ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi 2v;

na(šidarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r; Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür 2v;

¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu üsün düyilü(èi tong(ori(-dur adali 25r; tabun odun-u düri inu

887
GLOSSARY

tergen-ü kürdün metü bui 25v; (urban odun-u düri inü görögesün-ü terigün metü bui 26r; isün

odun-u düri inu. kirüge-metü bui 26r; (urban odun-u düri inu. tul(-a-yin modun metü bui

26v; (urban odun düri inu kir(a(ul metü bui 27r; ¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu mo(ay-yin

terigün metü bui 27r; ¯ir(u(an odun düri inu qoši(u metü bui 27v; qoyar odun-u düri inu

qulu(an-a metü bui 27v; qoyar odun-u düri inu ildün metü bui 28r; tabun odun-u düri inu (ar

metü bui 28r; nigen odun-u düri inu bata metü bui 28v; dörben odun-u düri inu jindamuni

metü bui 28v; dörben odun-u düri a(ula metü 29r; ¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün

metü bui 29v; (urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan metü bui 29v; (urban odun-u düri inu

görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün metü 30r; dörben odun-u düri inu segül metü bui 30r; tabun

odun-u düri inu ¯a(an metü bui 30v; dörben odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v;

(urban odun[-u] düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui 31r; dörben odun-u düri vaèir metü bui

31r; qoyar odun-u düri inu ürgül¯i seèig metü bui 31r; qoyar odun-u düri inu tergen metü bui

31v; qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v; (uèin qoyar odun düri inu

ong(uèa metü bui 31v; (urban odun[-u] düri inu morin terigün metü bui 32r; (urban odun-u

düri inu lingquu-a metü bui 32r; odun-u terigün ali bui 33r; gara( odun-u sayin 38r; edür-ün

odun-u sayin uèiral 38r; odun-u sayin-i edür-iyer il(ayu 46r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu

¯üg-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v; na(šidar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a bui düri ba maqabud

ene bui 59v; edür-ün odu-yi medebesü na(šidar-yi tegüber medekü bolai 5r.

o(tar(ui sky; firmament: (a¯ar-un sünesü anu. Baras Mo(ai Beèin 'aqai edür-e o(tar(ui-

du amui 58v; o(tar(ui-dur Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 8r; o(tar(ui-tur Udaribalguni

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 9r; o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r; o(tar(ui-dur

888
GLOSSARY

Šuša( na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r; o(tar(ui-dur Èista na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r; o(tar(ui-

dur Burvasad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 13r; o(tar(ui-dur Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 14r;

o(tar(ui-dur Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r; šir(ol¯i terigüten amitan degde¯ü

o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r; o(tar(ui-dur Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 16r; o(tar(ui-dur

Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 17r; o(tar(ui-tur Margišar na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 18r;

o(tar(ui-dur Bus na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 19r; o(tar(uy-yi egülen bürkü¯ü 4v.

oi modun forest: oi modun o(talqui 61v.

okid [pl. of okin]; girls; daughters; maidens: naran Okin-u gerdür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-

deki<n> okid üjügürkeküi èa( bui 15r.

okin/ökin [okin is Ordos pronunciation of ökin]; girl; daughter; maiden: okin 54r, 54r, 54r,

54r, 54r, 54r; ¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r; Okin tngri

ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui 20r; (uèin qoyar okin tngri ba 32v; Okin tngri ba(uqu

edür 47r; bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun buyu 32v; okin ögbesü 21v, 24r, 25r, 28v, 29r,

29v, 30r, 30v, 31r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 41v, 41v; okin ber'i ögbesü 22v, 35v; okin buu ög 34r, 53r;

(aqai edür okin ülü ögkü 58r; okin beri buu ög. buu ab 58v; okin bögesü il(ari bui 23r; okin

töröbesü 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 28r, 31v; okin üdebesü 31v; okin bo(tala- 36r, 36v, 36v,

37r, 47v; okin bo(tolaqu sayin edür 53r; okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu 36v; okin

ba(ul(abasu 43v; okin beri ba(ul(abasu 44r, 44r, 46v; köbegün okin neyièilebesü 37r; ai

okin ken buyu 32v; ai okin èi biy-e èinu öèüken bögetel-e ker yeke üge ügülemüi 32v; ai okin

tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali [. . .] 32v; okin ügülerün 32v, 33v; okin qari(uu ügüler-

ün 32v, 32v, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v; okin bögesü gem ülü boluyu 51v; ede dumda beri bui. okin

889
GLOSSARY

törömüi 52r; segül-tür okin olan 52v; debel tülebesü okin kümün ükügsen-i sonostaqu 57v;

ökin ögkü 60r; okin-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; borbin-dur okin-da(an qarši 52v; okin-dur in¯i

ülü ögküi ma(u edür 53v; okin-i 54r; köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü 36r; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-

yi ü¯ekü kürdün 51r; okin-i ni(ur umara ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i ni(ur doron-a

¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i ni(ur örön-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i

ni(ur emün-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; qulu(an-a morin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai èa(-tu (al-

dur mörgügülbesü sayin 53v; üker qonin ¯iltü okin-i takiy-a èa(-du (al-du mörgügül 53v;

baras beèin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r; taulai takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i Noqai

èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r; luu noqai ¯iltü okin-i taulai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r; mogai

(aqai ¯iltü okin-i beèin èa(tu (al-dur mörgügülbesü sayin 54r; qulu(an-a morin ¯iltü okin-i

nigen šin-e arban (urban ¯ir(u(an-a umara doron-a mör (arbasu sayin 54r; qulu(an-a ¯iltü

okin-i taulai ¯iltüdü buu ög 54v; üker ¯iltü okin-i luu ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; baras ¯iltü okin-i

mo(ai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; taulai ¯iltü okin-i morin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; luu ¯iltü okin-i qonin

¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; mo(ai ¯iltü okin-i beèin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; morin ¯iltü okin-i takiy-a

¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; qonin ¯iltü okin-i noqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; beèin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai ¯iltü-

dü buu ög 54v; takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i qulu(an-a ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; naran Okin-u gerdür

oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki<n> okid üjügürkeküi èa( bui 15r; ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyal-

du(ul¯u ü¯egdeküi 51r; ede sarada okin-u bey-e-dü ma(u 51r; ede okin-u ¯il bui

tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v; okin-u mör (arqu edür 54r.

okin ba(ul(abasu if a girl is brought into one’s household (43v).

okin beri ba(ul(abasu if one brings a girl or bride into one’s household (44r, 44r, 46v).

890
GLOSSARY

okin ber'i ögbesü if one gives away a daughter or bride (22v, 35v).

okin bo(talabasu if a daughter gets engaged (36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r).

okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu if a daughter gets engaged or is brought into one’s

household (36v).

okin ögbesü if one gives away a daughter (21v, 24r, 25r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 31r, 35r,

35r, 35r, 41v, 41v).

okin sara maiden month, i.e., a month with no more than twenty-nine days; see also em-e

sara: ¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r.

Okin tngri [Tib. Lha-mo]; girl god; given in the manual as okin tngri for ökin tngri; cf.

RRS, 430-432; Waddell, 334, 364; ODT, 23; Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui

20r; (uèin qoyar okin tngri ba 32v; Okin tngri ba(uqu edür 47r.

okin töröbesü if a daughter is born (25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 28r, 31v).

okin üdebesü if a daughter is sent off (31v).

Okin-u ger the house of the maiden; Virgo; the 8th sign of the zodiac: naran Okin-u gerdür

oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki<n> okid üjügürkeküi èa( bui 15r.

olgi- to backbite, gossip; blame; cause enmity; curse: olgiqui üiles-dür sayin 46r.

on calendar year; on marks a period of one year’s duration; contrast this with ¯il which

marks the year by its moment of inception; thus, in terms of counting, whereas ¯il marks the

sequence of time inclusively, on marks it exclusively: (urban ¯a(un ¯iran ¯ir(u(an edür-i

nigen on bol(aju bui 6v; edüged-ün nigen on (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bol(a¯u to(alabasu

¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi 6v; ene on ¯uu sui 7r; qoyitu on li èun 7r; tngri (a¯ar-un on sara edür

891
GLOSSARY

èa( möèe. odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in inu 55r; döèin dolo(an on-du saban ügei bögesü

uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v; qur-a ese orobasu qoyitu on-du qur-a èuqa( (ang

bolqu 17r; dovrm-a dovngli (ar(abasu ba(ši on-du ülü kürkü 41r; (urban on-dur (uèin

¯ir(u(an edür bolumui 6v; qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür-dü uridu üligsen [=ülegsen]

¯ir(u(an edür-<y>i nigedbesü nigen saban sara bolumui 6v; önggeregsen döèin dolo(an-u on-

u aliba sara saban bögesü 6v; tere sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui

6v; önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sarayin arban tabun 7r; edüge ene on-u Qubi sarayin nigen

šinide tokiyaldumui 7r.

ong(oèa boat: ong(oèa oro(ulbasu 12r; usun-dur ong(oèa oro(ulbasu 14r; (uèin qoyar

odun düri inu ong(uèa metü bui 31v; ong(oèa metü 59v; šin-e ba qa(uèin ong(oèa mörin-e

buu oro(ul buu getülge 35v; šin-e ong(oèa usun-a oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v; ong(oèa

yabu(ulbasu 36v;ong(oèa deger-e (arbasu urbaqu 47v.

ong(oèa deger-e (arbasu if one goes out on a boat (47v).

ong(oèa oro(ulbasu if one launches a boat (12r).

ong(oèa yabu(ulbasu if one sends out a boat (36v).

ong(od [pl. of ong(on]; spirit inhabiting a material object, genie, guardian spirit, tutelary

deity; spirit of a deceased person, ghost; pure, holy, sacred consecrated; tomb of a saint or an

imminent person, family tomb; shamanist ancestral idol; naturally white hair (Lessing 614;

SE II 168-173); ong(od-i takibasu 35v; tngri ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r,

48r; burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v.

ong(od-i takibasu if one sacrifices to a tutelary deity (35v).

892
GLOSSARY

ordo [Ch. gong “palace”]; palace; a division of the sky; in Chinese astrology there are four

main palaces dividing the heavens along the equatorial circle, the Blue Dragon of spring in

the east (Mong. köke luu), the Red Bird of summer in the south (Mong. ula(an ša¯a(ai) the

White Tiger of autumn in the west (Mong. èa(an baras) and the Black Tortoise of winter in

the north (Mong. qara yasutu menekei); in addition to these four seasonal palaces, the sky is

divided in other ways as well: into outer, middle and inner rings (as it was in India and ancient

Babylon as well); into nine palaces (Ch. jiugong), one for each of the cardinal and ordinal

directions plus the center; as well as into thirteen palaces, representing the twelve earthly

branches or zodiacal twelve-fold division of the sky, plus the center; cf. Needham (1959: 240-

243); Smith, Richard (1992: 11-12, 31); for the term (ordu) in the Uygur Turfan texts, see

Rachmati (399); doto(adu ordo mör (arbasu sayin 49r; altan ordo mör (arbasu sayin 49r;

tngri-yin ordo-dur mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

ordo qarši palace; this probably refers specifically to an icon-case, a receptacle for a

burqan (see RRS, 167); ordo qarši ¯asabasu 21v.

ordo qarši ¯asabasu if one repairs a palace; this probably refers specifically to an icon-

case, a receptacle for a burqan (see RRS, 167); ordo qarši ¯asabasu 21v.

orgil summit: Sümber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u Mahašuvari

terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar èinggeldümüi 38v; Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi

odun 32v, 32v; mön uridu qoyar odun terigülen ¯ir(u(an qadu(ur odun ba. tngri-yin noqai

ba. Modun odun kiged orgil-iyar to(orimui 32v.

893
GLOSSARY

orki- to dispose of, leave behind: tariyan-dur köröngge orkibasu 46v; mo(ai arisun-iyan

nüken-dür orkimui 11r; èisun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v.

oro(n) 1. place, land; 2. throne; 3. branch of learning: šin-e širigen oro ¯asabasu 36v; oron

3r; Manjušari-yin Kitad-un oron buyu 2r; burqan-u oron eribesü 22v; (qan) oron-a sa(u- 8r,

21v, 25v, 34v, 37r, 41v, 61r; nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v; qara

Kitad-un oron-dur 2r; a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v; tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida Šingq-a sari

1v; naran qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula 12r; oron-u širige baribasu 37r.

oron-a sa(ubasu if one sits on the throne (8r).

orod senses: ¯ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

oroi the crown of the head: luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r; oroi-ta(an Kitad

qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r.

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri [Tib. spyi-bor zor-ba’i bya-ru btsugs-pa’i bag-

ma]; the bride who holds a Chinese sickle on the crown of her head (54r). (Compare with

TEDP, 214).

orong(-a banner, flag, standard: yerti[n]èü-yi ebdegèi qara orong(-a bari¯u 39v; dolo(an

orong(-a-du tama(-a 33v, 34r.

orong(u a kind of antelope with long flat horns: orong(u-yin eber 60r.

orong(u-yin eber antelope horn; one of the five protectors (tabun qalqala(èi); used in

medicine to stop diarrhoea (Rechung, 1973: 71): 60r.

894
GLOSSARY

otaèi [fr. Uygur]; physician, doctor; herbalist (Lessing, 625): emèi otaèi kümün 4v; otaèi-yi

erin ebedèin-i ü¯igülbesü 36v; otaèi-yin em nidübesü 35v.

oyir-a near: keger-e oyir-a bui 24r; oyir-a ¯üg eri oldayu 24r; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu oyir-a bui

28r; qola ba oyir-a odbasu 31r.

öber-ün tusa bütügebesü if one accomplishes something for one’s own benefit; bütüge-

is associated with accomplishing Tantric rites and siddhi; cf. Lessing p. 152, 698; öber-ün tusa

bütügebesü 22v.

öèig testimony, prayer: öèig öèibesü 27r, 35r.

öèig öèibesü if one prays a prayer (27r, 35v).

öèim perhaps öèim, deverbal noun from öèi-, “to pray, offer, testify,” and so “offertory”;

egüüden-dür ¯igerde morin öèim ula(an debeltü ba ula(an (ajar bui-¯-a 22v.

öèügüked [pl. of öèügüken]; little ones: qar-a to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada

adalamui 26v; öèügüked-ün eliy-e darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v, 31v.

öèügüked-ün ada the demons of the little ones: qar-a to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada

adalamui 26v.

öèügüked-ün eliy-e the demons of the little ones: öèügüked-ün eliy-e darubasu 27r, 28v,

30v, 30v, 31v.

öèügüked-ün eliy-e darubasu if one suppresses the demons of the little ones (27r, 28v,

30v, 30v, 31v).

öèügüken small, insignificant; humble; few: öèügüken tusa bütügebesü 16r; öèügüken

ari(un köbegün 24r; öèügüken sedkil-dü boluyu 31r.

895
GLOSSARY

öèügüken sedkil fine mind, a mind for minute details: öèügüken sedkil-dü boluyu 31r.

öèügüken tusa bütügebesü if one accomplishes a small favor (16r).

öèüken small, insignificant; humble; few: öèüken sar-a 53r; basa arban qoyar sar-a-yi

¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u 6v; (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur öèüken oromui 8r;

öèüken ¯i(asun qošiyalamui 11r; öèüken qara edürün belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v; šara

öèüken kümün 24r; köbegün töröbesü yeke kimor-du öèüken beligtü [=biligtü] 26v; ai okin

èi biy-e èinu öèüken bögetel-e ker yeke üge ügülemüi 32v; yeke öèüken odun bügüde

dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v; öèüken ¯il-lu(-a [=¯il-lüge] ni¯iged odun bui 33r; ene sarada

qariquügei bögetel-e ¯ir(u(an šinede öèüken èi(ulumui 38v; öèüken edür 41v; saras-un yeke

öèüken-i irekü bögesü mön egün-eèe eregdeküi 7r.

öèüken edür a small day (41v).

öèüken ¯il a small year: öèüken ¯il-lu(-a [=¯il-lüge] ni¯iged odun bui 33r.

öèüken qara edür [Tib. nyi ma nag chung ba]; a slightly black day; this is to be contrasted

with the yeke qara edür (see TEDP, 123, 133): öèüken qara edürün belge nigen qara dusul

bui 20v.

öèüken sar-a a small month, i.e., a month with no more than 29 days; see also its

complement, yeke sar-a and the synonym, ba(-a sar-a; öèüken sar-a 53r; basa arban qoyar

sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u 6v.

ödken èasun heavy snow: (a¯ar tal-a ödken èasun bolumui 19r.

ödtör immediately, quickly: üile üiledbesü ödtör bütükü 45r; debel eskeküi inu nigen šin-e

ödter da(usqabasu sayin 55v.

896
GLOSSARY

ödü feather: tas ödütü sumun 32v.

ögdešiküy-yin takil ögbesü if one gives the ungiveable offering (31v); see the comparable

form ergešiküi in Ligeti, Report préliminaire, 130-140.

ögede upward: ögede qandu(san jindamuni 44v; öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede

qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; ögede qandu(san (adusun 39r; qariqu edürün belge inu ögede

qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; ögede qandu(san šara sar-a erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu

ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r.

ögekün fat, lard: buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü 50v.

ögligèi almsgiver, benefactor: köbegün töröbesü bayan bolu(ad ögligèi nom-dur duritu

boluyu 30r.

öglige alms: öglige ög- 25r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 41r, 45r, 45v.

öglige ögbesu if one gives alms (25r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 41r, 45r).

öglige ögbesü abubasu if one gives or receives alms (35r, 37r, 41r).

öl¯ei auspice, favorable omen, happiness, good luck: öl¯ei qutu( 50r; öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san

edür öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; öl¯i qutu(

oroši(ulbasu 21v, 29r; öl¯i qutu( tegüsèü ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v; öl¯i qutu(tu edür 34v;

qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral-iyar

sedkigsen bütüyü 45v; öl¯i qutu( orošiqu bolumui 48r; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar

bui 60v; küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r; öl¯i-dü bolqu 50r; öl¯eyitü 56r; aliba-yi

ila(u(èi tegüs öl¯eyitü boluyu 25v; Bus na(šidar kemebesü tegüs öl¯eyitü na(šidar bui 26v;

897
GLOSSARY

öl¯eyitü mör 54r, 54r, 54r; mo(ai morin ¯iltü okin doron-a öl¯eyitü mör 54r; öl¯eyitü bolqu

56r, 56r; dolo(an öl¯eyitü bayan odun 59r.

öl¯ei qutu( happiness, blessing: öl¯ei qutu( 50r; öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edür öl¯ei qutu(

oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; öl¯i qutu( oroši(ulbasu 21v,

29r; öl¯i qutu( tegüsèü ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v; öl¯i qutu(tu edür 34v; qoyar kei uèarabasu

öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral-iyar sedkigsen bütüyü 45v;

öl¯i qutu( orošiqu bolumui 48r; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui 60v.

öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar the eight fortunate nakshatra: qorin naiman

na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui. dorona Margasar Bus qoyar

emüne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar. örön-e Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar. umara

Udaribadaribad kiged Ašivani qoyar 60v.

ölöng hungry, of character: ölöng aburitu 25v.

ömèi property: köbegün-ü ömèi ögbesü 27r; köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v;

köbegün-e ömèi ülü ögküi 53v.

öndegele- to lay eggs: salbar šiba(un öndegelemüi 18r; takiy-a kegür¯igen-e šiba(un

öndegelemüi 19r.

öngge color; appearance; characteristics: nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e arban alqum nigen giškim

(a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; nara šingge¯ü arban alqum

nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; arban qoyar

sarayin öngge medekü kürdün ene bui 7v; mo(ai ner-e öngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

898
GLOSSARY

18v, 19v, 19v; mo(ai öngge ni(ur 8v; morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün güièimüi

12r; šilu(un ön<e>gge ¯ögelen odun 59r; ¯il-ün öngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ü¯ikü kürdün ene bui

52r; tas ödütü sumun-dur isün ¯üil öngge-dü keb-üd-i uya¯u 32v; ede önggetü ¯il orobasu ¯iran

¯üil il(a¯u ü¯e 52r; qar-a öngge-dü Sümber a(ul-a 55r; beri-yin maqabud-un öngge-yin debel

emüsteküi 52r.

öni long ago; for a long time: öni ülü oyilaqu 24v, 57v; öni ülü usadqu 34v; öni qola (a¯ar

57r; öni qutu(-aèa bièig irekü 57r.

önöèin orphan; [Ch. gu/ku (Mathews 3470)]; a quality of inauspicious stars; see also

qo(osun (Doré, v. 4, 398): önöèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar bui

27r; önöèin kümün qula(uyu 28v; (anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in odun 59r; da(ulaèi önöèin odun

59r.

önör populous; members of a family: önör dörben-dü kümün[-ü] yasun (ar(abasu 24v;

kümün ükübesü önör bögesü ür-e tasuraqu 42v.

ör dawn: ör geyi- 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 42r, 42v; Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 2r, 8r;

Udaribalguni na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 9r; Jayitari na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r; Šuša(

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r; Èista na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r; Burvasad na(šidar-iyar ör

geyimü 13r; Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 14r; Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r;

Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 16r; Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 17r; Margišar na(šidar-

iyar ör geyimü 18r; Bus na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 19r.

öri abubasu if one takes on a debt (22v, 25r, 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r, 31r).

öri ba ed mal ögbesü if one makes a loan, gives possessions or livestock (31v).

899
GLOSSARY

öri ögbesü if one gives debt, i.e., if one makes a loan; öri ögbesü 21v, 27r, 27v, 29r, 29v,

32r, 35r; öri buu ög 34r.

örgesün quill: so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün 60r.

örlüge morning: örlüge 40r; örlüge ideši 40r.

örölbi pincers, pliers: örölbi metü 59v.

örön-e west: 8r, 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14r, 14r, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r,

16r, 16v. 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 58v, 58v, 58v,

58v, 60v; örön-e ¯üg 22v, 23r, 24v, 31r, 42r, 53v; örön-e ¯üg uduridbasu 22r; örön-e ¯üg

odbasu 49v, 50v; örön-e qandu(san ger 22v; örön-e doron-a 33v, 34r; örön-e odbasu 50r, 50r;

örön-e-eèe doron-a ¯üg 40r, 42r.

örön-e emün-e southwest: 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 15r, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v, 16v, 18r, 19r,

19v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v; emün-e örön-e

11v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v; örön-e emün-e ¯üg 26r.

örön-e ¯üg odbasu if one goes west (49v, 50v).

örön-e ¯üg uduridbasu if one leads [them] to the west (22r).

örön-e odbasu if one goes west (50r, 50r).

900
GLOSSARY

örön-e umar-a northwest: 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13r,

13v, 16v, 17r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 54r, 55r,

55v, 55v, 59r; örön-e umara qandu(san (ool 24r.

ötege bear: ötege 59r; šara ötege-yin 59r.

ötegüü/ötegü elderly: ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür ötegüü ebügen emegen buu od

27r; ötegü ükügsen-ü gerte-eèe morin qudaldubasu 31v.

ötelküi üküküi old age and death; the 12th stage in the twelve links of dependent

origination (šitün barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the Ox of the twelve animals:

üker ötelküi üküküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

ping/bing [Ch. ping/p’ing (Mathews 5303); Mong. tübšidkegèi]; level; 4th of the twelve

lords of the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v; ping tübšidkegèi edür 36r.

pô [Ch. po/p’o (Mathews 5344); Mong. ebdegèi]; to destroy; 7th of the twelve lords of the

day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v;

pô ebdegèi. edür 36r; bi pô edür ma(u 48v.

qabar nose; muzzle: noqai-yin qabar 49v; qabar-tur qar-a mör-dü bolunam 52v.

qabar(-a ribs: Sümber a(ula-yi ¯öbšiyerküy-e ¯egün qabar(-a kebte¯ü bara(un qabar(-a-

bar ergimüi 55r; Sümber a(ula-yi ¯öbšiyerküy-e ¯egün qabar(-a kebte¯ü bara(un qabar(-a-bar

ergimüi 55r.

qabèi(ai ¯asabasu if one repairs a passageway (46v).

901
GLOSSARY

qabtasun wooden printing blocks: dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur

beèi¯ü 24r.

qabur spring: qabur namarun a(ur 6r; qabur namurun qu(us 59r; qaburun terigün sara 2r,

2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r, 41r; qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r; qaburun ekin Baras sar-a Lii-du

ting sang neretü sudur-dur Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u 2v; qaburun ekin 7r;

qaburun terigün Baras sara 2v, 3r; qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r, 41r; qaburun dumdadu

Jayitari sara 3r, 10r; qaburun eèüs sara 9r, 10r, 41r, 56v; qaburun eèüs Šuša( sara 11r;

qaburun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r.

qaburun dumdadu sara the middle month of spring: qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r,

41r; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 3r, 10r.

qaburun eèüs sara the final month of spring: qaburun eèüs sara 9r, 10r, 41r, 56v; qaburun

eèüs Šuša( sara 11r.

qaburun ekin sar-a the first month of spring: Lii-du ting sang neretü sudur-dur Mig sara-

yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u 2v; qaburun ekin 7r.

qaburun (urban sara the three months of spring (42r, 42r, 55r).

qabur namarun a(ur the breath of spring and autumn, i.e., the beginning of spring and

fall (6r)

qabur namurun qu(us the vernal and autumnal equinox (59r).

qaburun terigün sara the first month of spring: qaburun terigün sara 2r, 2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r,

41r; qaburun terigün Baras sara 2v, 3r; qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r.

902
GLOSSARY

qad [pl. of qan]; rulers: luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r; luus-un qad

adalamui 26v; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu 30r; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki

43r; qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; naiman luus-ud

qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; arban tabun-a luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui

8r; Saran odun kemebesü door-a luus-un qad-un gara( büküi 22r; luus-un qad-un èoga

üiledbesü 22r; luus-un qad-un ebedèin kürteyü 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada

adalamui 34v; luus-un qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r; luus-un qad-un qariqui edür 39v; tabun

kümün qad-un èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 22r.

qada(n) rock; qada (a¯ar-<y>i nuqubasu 23v; qada èila(un-aèa modun (ar(an èidamu 32v;

qadatu (a¯ar-tur taribasu 35v; takir no(èi kümün-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(èi 33v; qadan-dur

ger baribasu 35v.

qada( [Tib. kha btags]; a long narrow piece of silk or other cloth especially made for

making formal offerings: èa(an qada( 50v.

qadam in-laws: ede sarada qadam eèige eke-de ma(u 51r; qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u

52v.

qadu- to harvest: qamu( tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r.

qadu(ur/qada(ur [Tib. dgra zor]; the sickle (cf. ODT,16); ebdegèi edürün belge inu

qada(ur bui 20v; ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v; belge inu qara

qada(ur 43v; ¯ir(u(an qadu(ur odun 32v; ¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun 33v; ¯ir(u(an qada(ur

odun Anurad buyu 34r; èisun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; oroi-

ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r.

903
GLOSSARY

qa(a(èi [Ch. bi/pi (Mathews 5092)]; the closer, the one that closes: 12th of the twelve lords

of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi saki(èi

ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; bi qa(a(èi edür

37r.

qa(al- to investigate; decide; judge: ¯ar(u qa(albasu 19r, 25v, 29v.

qa(al(-a door; doorway: šin-e qa(al(-a baribasu 22r; qa(al(-a ba usun tegerme

bosqabasu 32r; odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r; qa(al(-a ¯igübesü 43v, 46v, 48r; qa(al(-a

sayin bui 51v; qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egüüde anu sayin 60r.

qa(al(-a ba usun tegerme bosqabasu if one erects a door or a water mill (32r).

qa(al(-a ¯igübesü [=¯egübesü] if one hangs a door (43v, 46v, 48r).

qa(an ruler; emperor; king: qa(an . . . asa(urun 32v, 33r, 33r, 33r; qa(an teden alimad

bui kemen asa(ubasu 33v; qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v; qa(an

sonosu(ad 32v; qa(an narin-a ü¯e¯ü gün-e ono¯u medegdeküi 34r; tngri-yin vim-a neretü

degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai 39v; (a¯arun e¯in qa(an 39v; qa(an ba(ura¯u 42v;

qa(an-a (tatal(-a) bièig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v; JaŸarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saèa(uu 26v;

nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi 34r; yaa(š-a-un qa(an-u gara( 22v; kešig

erdeni qa(an-u gara( 23v; okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u

odun 32v.

qa(an-a (tatal(-a) bièig oro(ulbasu if one submits a written tribute to a king (36r, 36v,

36v, 36v).

qa(dala- to become covered with salt: usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u qa(dalamui 17r.

904
GLOSSARY

qa(uèin 1. last, old; qa(uèin nabèi una(ad 3r; önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sara 7r;

qa(uèin debel 34v; qa(uèin ong(oèa 35v; qa(uèin bara(an 36r; qa(uèin ger 36r, 36v;

qa(uèin üküger-ün yasun 36v; 2. the final ten days of the month; in his study of the Chines-

Uygur calendar in Persian historiography of the Mongol period, Charles Melville raises the

question as to the exact meaning of the term; in Mostaert and Cleaves “lettres” (49-54) it is

the last ten days of the month numbered backwards, i.e., the 21st = the 10th, the 22nd = 9th, etc.;

other theories are that the term refers to the second half of the month, or that it is not

numbered retrogressively (Melville, 1994: 98); from the text, though the question of

numbering is unanswered, the term is given as the complement of sara-yin šin-e (the first of

the month), which clearly refers to the first ten days of the month, and thus the final ten days

of the month are implied; Nagajuna-yin ta(alal inu qono( tasura(san ¯ir(u(an sar-a-yi šin-e-

dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu qa(uèin-dur tasuraqu 3v; odun na(šidar sayin bögesü qa(uèin-dur

èu sayin 37v; qa(uèin-dur üiledbesü 37v; qa(uèin-dur abu(daqu 56v qa(uèin kiged üd[e]ši-

yin èa( 56v.

qala(un hot: (a¯ar-dur qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad lungru neretü èièig delgeremüi 13r;

üker-ün bey-e qala(un bol¯u ebesün èiddlan idemüi 19r; qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad küiten-ü

a(ur oromui 17r.

qal¯an/qal¯un blaze on the forehead, esp. of horses: ¯egerde qal¯an morin 4v; qong(or

qal¯an morin 25r; qal¯un 52v.

qalqalaqu amitan protective animal: qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai 59v.

905
GLOSSARY

qalqala(èi protector, talisman: tabun qalqala(èi ede kemebesü. qong keriy-e-ü [=yin]

soddu. yasutu menekei-yin kürmeli. so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün. orong(u-yin eber. bodong (aqay-

yin soyo(-a. ede tabun bui 60r.

qaltar bay horse with white breast and whitish muzzle: qaltar 52v.

Qamtudquy-yin ger the house of union; Gemini; the Twins; the fifth sign of the zodiac:

naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula. yirtinèü-yin qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil

törömüi 12r.

qamtudquy-yin ¯ir(u(an qubi [S. s}ad}agayoga; Tib. sbyor drug]; the sixfold union, the

six aspects of unity; Tucci, quoting Bu-ston describes them as “the six manners of becoming

consubstantial with supreme reality,” (TPS, 105); refers to the doctrine of the Hua-yen

school known as the sixfold nature. The six forms are inseparable aspects inherent in all

things. Cf. DBT, 401 under "six forms"; cf. also KOT, 11; qamtudquy-yin ¯ir(u(an qubi-dur

šitü¯ü 2r.

qan ruler; lord; emperor; king: qan oron-a sa(ubasu 21v, 25v, 34v, 41v, 61r; qan oron-a

sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür 37r; qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v;

üküger-ün qan ada adalamui 26r; (urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan metü bui 29v; qan

kümün-i ür-e alda(ula(èi [odun] ali bui 33r; qan kümün-i ür-e-yi alda(ulu(èi Margišar buyu

33v; qan kümün üiles bütükü 45v; qan kümün-eèe èola abubasu 47v; qan kümün törö¯ü ükükü

odun 59r; Altan odun x qan noyan bolqu 46v; dada qan kemekü edür mör (arbasu ma(u 49v;

qan-dur maši sayin 52v; görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün metü bui 30r.

qan kümün-eèe èola abubasu if one receives a title from a ruler (47v).

906
GLOSSARY

qan oron-a sa(ubasu if a ruler takes the throne (21v, 25v, 34v, 41v, 61r).

qandu- to face, direct oneself toward: ögede qandu(san jindamuni 44v; öl¯ei qutu(

oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(san (adusun 39r;

naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; ögede

qandu(san (adusun 39r; qariqu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; ükükü

edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 45r;

šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge

inu ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; qariqui edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-

a bui 20r; tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge doro(ši qandu(san qara sara bui 20v;

degegši qandu(san erdeni 44v; doro(ši qandu(san jindamuni 45r; örön-e qandu(san gerte

abèu odba 22v; ger-ün egüüde umara ¯üg qandu(san modun-u door-a ni(u¯u amu 23v; örön-e

umara qandu(san (ool-dur šara široi-du (a¯ar-a ni(u¯u amu 24r; doron-a ¯üg qandu(san

qota[n]-u noyan-dur ¯i(abasu 24v; beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu ¯üg 53v; qulu(an-a

üker (aqai ¯iltü okin-i ni(ur umara ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; baras taulai luu okin-i

ni(ur doron-a ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; beèin takiy-a noqai ¯iltü okin-i ni(ur örön-e

¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; mo(ai morin qonin ¯iltü

okin-i ni(ur emün-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v.

qangin ?a place name; Mostaert notes that biqar qangin is probably for biqar keyid; biqar

< S. vihara "temple, monastery," (Mostaert, MMAD, 12, n. 22), but perhaps the reference is

to a monastery in Qangin, Inner Mongolia, a person, Biqar qa(an, or king Pehar; biqar qangin-

u ¯iruqai 26r.

907
GLOSSARY

qangpan qongpan Queen Qangpan (TEDP, 120, 122-123, 353); qangpan qongpan 53r.

qara/qar-a [Tib. nag]; black. In Mongolian the color black sometimes means, “clear,”

(e.g., qara usun “clear water”) or “common” (qara kümün “commoner”), but it also has a

negative connotation, an association with evil, akin to the idea of “black magic” in English.

The manual notes black years, black months, black days, and black hours. These are

considered dangerous, contrary times when demons of various sort are said to roam; (cf.

TEDP, 127-135): qara 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 45r; qara Kitad-un oron 2r; qara

Kitad-un to(-a 2r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r; qara kümün 5r, 5r;

qara morin (unu-) 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v; qara ya(um-a 5r; qara sa üsüg 20r; qara nara bui 20r;

qara èindamuni 20r, 45r; qara jva üsüg 20r; qara jii üsüg 20v; qara dusul 20v, 20v, 41v;

(urban qara dusul 20v, 46v; qoyar qara dusul 43r; öèüken qara edürün belge 20v; yeke qara

edür 20v, 41v, 41v; (urbal¯in qara 20v; solbi(san qara ¯iruqai 20v, 20v, 44v; dörbel¯in qara

debisker 20v, 44v; doro(ši qandu(san qara sara 20v; qara ging üsüg 20v; qara kegeri bariju

22r; qara kiiri bari¯u 23r; qara èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 22r; èa(an segeretü qara noqai 22r; qara keb

24v; qara modun 24v; qar-a to(o(an 26v; qara debel 34v, 35r; (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai 39v;

qara orong(-a bari¯u 39v; qara mo(ai 41r; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; qara saras 41r, 41r;

ügeyiregülügèi qara edür 41v; èa(-un qara 42r; qara šingpüng-ün yabudal 42r; qara šingpüng

güiküi 42r; qara šingpüng-yin [=šingpüng-ün] belge inu qara zi üsüg bui 42v; qara šimu

42v; tere ideši ereküi èa(tur èa(an üile qara bolumui 42v; ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi

(a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v; qara qada(ur 43v; qara yasutu meneki 49r; qara sarayin ¯asal

50v; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; qar-a mör 52v; öšiyerkü qara edür 53r; tngri-yin qara

908
GLOSSARY

noqai 55r; qar-a öngge-dü 55r; üküger qara ¯arudasun odun 59r; qara-dur bolbasu 51v; debel

quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r; ¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r.

qara èa( black hour, i.e., a dark hour when demons roam; (cf. TEDP, 123-135); ¯il kiged

sar-a edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r.

qara èindamuni black wish-fulfilling jewel (20r, 45r).

qara dusul black drop: 20v, 20v, 41v; (urban qara dusul 20v, 46v; qoyar qara dusul 43r.

qara edür black day, i.e., a bad day when demons roam; noted as well is the especially black

day (yeke qara edür); (cf. TEDP 123-135); yeke qara edür 20v, 41v, 41v; ¯il kiged sar-a edür

èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; ¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un

qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r; ügeyiregülügèi qara edür 41v; öšiyerkü qara edür 53r.

qara ging üsüg black [Tibetan] letter ki (20v).

qara jii üsüg black [Tibetan] letter zi (20v).

qara ¯il black year, i.e., a bad year when demons roam; (cf. TEDP, 123-135); ¯il kiged sar-a

edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r.

qara jva üsüg black [Tibetan] letter tshe (20r).

qara Kitad [Tib. rgya nag]; black China/Chinese; the term is derived from the Tibetan

designation of China as the Black land (as opposed to India, the White land (rgya gar)) and

thus reflects the Tibetan orientation of the field of mathematics (to(-a): qara Kitad-un oron

2r; qara Kitad-un to(-a 2r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r.

qara kümün perhaps a black-skinned person but more probably, a commoner: 5r, 5r.

qara modun black tree, i.e., the larch tree (24v).

909
GLOSSARY

qara mo(ai black snake (41r).

qara morin a black horse: qara morin (unu-) 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v.

qar-a mör the black path (52v).

qara qada(ur the black sickle (43v).

qara qarèa(ai black hawk: (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai 39v.

qara nara black sun: qara nara bui 20r.

qara sa üsüg black [Tibetan] letter sa (20r).

qara sara 1. black moon (a symbol); doro(ši qandu(san qara sara 20v; 2. black month,

i.e., a bad year when demons roam; (cf. TEDP, 123-135); qara saras 41r, 41r; ¯il kiged sar-a

edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r; qara sarayin ¯asal 50v.

qara šimu black šimnus demons (42v).

qara šingpüng black Zinpung demons: qara šingpüng-ün yabudal 42r; qara šingpüng

güiküi 42r; qara šingpüng-yin [=šingpüng-ün] belge inu qara zi üsüg bui 42v.

qara yasutu meneki the black shell turtle (49r); refers to the Black Tortoise of winter,

which, together with the Blue Dragon of spring (köke luu), the White Tiger of autumn (èa(an

baras), and the Red Bird of summer (ula(an ša¯a(ai), make up the four Chinese sky animals

(cf. Stall's Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistmaker, 113-119):

qara yasutu meneki mör [(arbasu] ma(u 49r.

qaraèu commoner: qa(an ba(ura¯u qaraèu bolumui 42v.

qarèa(ai hawk: qarèa(ai šiba(un taulai bari¯u tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; (a¯ar-un qara

qarèa(ai 39v.

910
GLOSSARY

qargis qari(ulbasu if one makes a vicious reply (30v).

qari(ulul [Tib. bzlog sgyur]; reply; retribution; curse; see Bawden, SE II, 178; ¯oli(

qari(ulul buu üiled 34v.

qariyal curse: qariyal qari(ulbasu 22v, 25r, 26v; qariyal ki- 31v, 41v, 42r, 42v, 46r; qariyal

ügegüy-e bütümüi 39r.

qariyal kibesü if one makes a curse (31v, 41v, 42r).

qariyal qari(ulbasu if one makes a counter curse (22v, 25r, 26v).

qarši 1. obstacle, hindrance, barrier; misfortune, evil; hostile; contrary, opposed, anti-

(Lessing, 940); (ai qarši 47v; Baras ¯ilün qarši beèin ¯üg qadqu 50v; qarši 50v; borbin-dur

okin-da(an qarši 52v; üsün kir(abasu nidün-dür qarši 57v; qarši-yi nomo(odqabasu 28r; 2.

palace hall; palace [Ch. tian]; ordo qarši ¯asabasu 21v.

qarši ¯il n. [Tib. skeg-rtsis], obstacle or contrary year. For divinations concerning obstacle

years in the Vaidûrya dKar-po, see TEDP, 226-259); the contrary year is common in Chinese

almanacs; in the picture on the cover of Chinese almanacs there are subtle indications of what

the year will be; the contrary year is also signified here. See also Mostaert's definition in

Dictionnaire ordus p. 297a; sabanügey-eèe bolbasu qarši ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r.

qarši-yi nomo(odqabasu [Tib. bgegs sel ba]; if one pacifies obstacles (28r).

qas jade [colored]: qas debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r.

Qasta [S. Hasta]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Qasta 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 46v, 53r, 59r, 59v; Qasta na(šidar kemebesü qurdun

yabu(èi na(šidar kemeyü 28r; ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un ¯erge-düroro(ulu(èi Qasta buyu 33v;

911
GLOSSARY

Vim-a neretü qatun Qasta buyu 34r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral

bolai. Naran odun Qasta qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu(

oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui. Naran odun Qasta qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. Široi odun Qasta qoyar 45r; Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar

Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v; Mi<n>g

Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qasta<n> Jayitar[i] Suvadai eden (al bui 61r; mör (arqu

edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 48v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Qasta

[. . .] sayin 48v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 55v; em

neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 56r; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista

Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin 56v; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta

Abiji erlig-ün odun bui 60v; naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü [. . .] Qasta Jayitar qoyar [. . .]

60v; Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r.

qatud [pl. of qatun]; queens: qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r.

qata(uu do(šin obo( the severe and fearsome clan: Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden

dörben odun qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

qatun queen, empress: belbesün qatun kümün ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 22v; qatun kümün-i

asarabasu 23r; bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun buyu 32v; Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu

ü¯igül 33v; Vim-a neretü qatun Qasta buyu 34r.

qayinu( A cross breed between yaks and cattle; qayinu( qudaldubasu 32r; qayinu(-dur

unu¯u 24r.

qayinu( qudaldubasu if one trades a qayinu( (32r).

912
GLOSSARY

qo(olai throat: Burvabalguni na(šidar kemebesü ra(èis-un qo(olai metü na(šidar kemeyü

27v; naiman šin-e arban ¯ir(u(an qorin dörben tngri-yin qo(olai ma(u 49v; šimnus-un

qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui 27v; matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dür adali ma(u 39r;

qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u 52v.

qo(osun [S. úûnyatâ, Tib. stong pa nyid; Ch. xu/hsü (Mathews 2821)]; empty, the void, the

doctrine that “things” have no substance, no essence, no independent existence of any kind,

but “exist” only as aggregates of conditions and relations (Lessing, 1189); occult; a quality

of something inauspicious, e.g., a star, a time, a place, etc.; see also önöèin (Doré, v. 4, 398):

qo(osun qumq-a 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; qo(osun qumq-a örön-e

bui 8r; qo(osun qumq-a anu Baras sara örön-e Taulai qoyin-a. Luu ¯egünde. Mo(ai emün-e.

Morin örön-e. Qoni qoyin-a. Beèin ¯egü[n]de. Takiy-a emün-e. Noqai örön-e 'aqai qoyin-a.

Qulu(an-a ¯egünde. Üker sara emün-e ¯üg amui 58v; qo(osun edürün belge (urban qara dusul

bui20v; (uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v; (uyirinèi-yin (ar

qo(osun qariqu edür 43v; qo(osun (ool 24v; qo(osun bal(asun 24v; tariyan buu ög. ögbesü

sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r; sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu.

6 Luu 7 Noqai 8 Qoni9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni 40r; ger-ün qo(osun anu. nigen

sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai. 8 mori. 9 Üker 10

Beèin. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v; (ar qo(osun 49v; qo(osun irekü 49v, 50v, 50v; ¯ilün

qo(osun anu. Nigen sarayin Qulu(an-a Qoyar sarayin Üker 'urban Baras Dörben Taulai

Tabun Luu ®ir(u(an Mo(ai Dolo(an Mori. Naiman Qoni. Isün Beèin. Arban Takiy-a Arban

nigen Noqai Arban qoyar sarayin 'aqai edür bolai 60r.

913
GLOSSARY

qo(osun qumq-a empty pitcher; Charles Bawden defines qo(osun qumq-a as, "a device

for categorizing directions which are taboo for certain purposes at certain times" (Bawden,

SE II,164-165). Bawden and Heissig's catalogue of the Copenhagen collection describes

qo(osun qumq-a this way:

A diagram with four vases disposed around a central yin-yang figure; around
each vase are three of the twelve animal-cycle names. Explanations follow.
. . . Top headings are the twelve animal-cycle names. Side headings are forty-
two names of days and other occurrences. Within the table are given numbers,
names from the animal-cycle, colours, directions, etc. etc. In the following
folios the various occurrences are elucidated. (Heissig and Bawden, 1971:
173, Mong. 375)

Cf. also Waddell, 458. As is clear from this description the term refers to a celestial influence

of some kind. It likely refers to an occult form or doppelgänger (qo(osun) of Aquarius the

Pitcher (qumq-a); cf. also ger-ün qo(osun. Perhaps, however, the reference is to Ch.

tianchi/t’ien-ch’i (Mathews 6361, 549), which is another name for the 18th Chinese asterims,

mao, the Pleiades (Schlegel 1967: 353): qo(osun qumq-a 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r,

16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; qo(osun qumq-a anu Baras sara örön-e Taulai qoyin-a. Luu ¯egünde.

Mo(ai emün-e. Morin örön-e. Qoni qoyin-a. Beèin ¯egü[n]de. Takiy-a emün-e. Noqai örön-e

'aqai qoyin-a. Qulu(an-a ¯egünde. Üker sara emün-e ¯üg amui 58v.

qola far: qola ¯i(ulèilabasu 25r; qola ba oyir-a odbasu 31r; qola (a¯ar-a qudaldu odbasu

36r; qola (a¯ar-a odqui 47v; qola (a¯ar-a mör (arbasu 47v; öni qola (a¯ar-a öni qutu(-aèa

beèig irekü 57r; qola (a¯arèa ¯oèid irekü 57r; qola (a¯ar ¯oriqu 58r; qola busu (a¯ar-a odqu

61v; qola (arbasu 47v; mo(ai edür qola mör ülü (arqu 57v; qola-aèa qudalduèin irekü 57r;

qola-yin ¯oèid irekü 57v.

914
GLOSSARY

qola ba oyir-a odbasu if one goes either near or far (31r).

qola (a¯ar-a qudaldu odbasu if one goes to do business in a faraway place (36r).

qola (arbasu if one goes out far (47v).

qola ¯i(ulèilabasu if one travels far away (25r).

qong keriy-e raven: qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 8r, 19r; qong keriy-e ugiyaqui èisun

oromui 9r; qong keriy-e-ü [=yin] soddu 60r.

qong(or fallow, yellow-bay, chestnut, i.e., of a horse: qong(or 52v; qong(or morin 4v;

qong(ur morin unu- 24v, 24v; qong(or qal¯an morin qudaldubasu 25r.

qoni(n) sheep: qoni(n) 59r; qonin ada(ula(san 4v; šin qonin sara 7v; küi qonin sara 7v;

ii qonin sara 7v; ding qonin sara 7v; gii qonin sara 7v; šin qonin èa( 7v; küi qonin èa( 7v; ii

qonin èa( 7v; ding qonin èa( 7v; gi qonin èa( 7v; qonin kürteküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; Qonin èa( 10r, 50r, 51r; Qoni(n) (edür) 10r, 11r, 11r, 14r, 16r, 18r,

18r, 19r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v,

50r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; Qonin sara 13r, 13r, 40r,

40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; qonin

èaddu(ad tar(u güièi¯u 13r; qonin (a¯ar-a 15r; Qonin ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; qoni(n) ¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v;

qonin abasu 27r; qoni yama(-a sürüglebesü 31v; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui

33r; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Asli( buyu 33v; èa(an qonin šigüsü-ber takibaèu ülü

oyišiyamu keme¯üküi 60v; nara Qonin-u gertür oro(san 10r.

915
GLOSSARY

qoni yama(-a sürüglebesü if one herds sheep or goats (31v)

qonièin shepherd: qonièin-i eribesü 35r.

qonin abasu [=abubasu] if one takes a sheep (27r).

Qonin èa( Sheep hour: 10r, 50r, 51r; šin qonin èa( 7v; küi qonin èa( 7v; ii qonin èa( 7v;

ding qonin èa( 7v; gi qonin èa( 7v.

Qoni(n) (edür) Sheep day: 10r, 11r, 11r, 14r, 16r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 40r, 40r,

40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v,

56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v.

Qonin ¯il Sheep year: 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r,

54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; qoni(n) ¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v.

qonin kürteküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v

Qonin sara Sheep month: 13r, 13r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; šin qonin sara 7v; küi qonin sara 7v; ii qonin sara 7v; ding

qonin sara 7v; gii qonin sara 7v.

Qonin (a¯ar-a Sheep place (15r).

Qonin-u ger the house of the Sheep; Aries; the 3rd sign of the zodiac: nara Qonin-u gertür

oro(san 10r.

qono( day; nychthemeron, i.e., a day with its night; the smallest unit of natural time = 24

hours: qono( tasura- 3r, 3r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v; ¯ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu inu 3r; ¯ir(u(an ere

sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r; ¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono(ügei bui 3r;

916
GLOSSARY

tegüber ¯ir(u(an qono( tasuramui 3r; nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende qošiyad qošiyad qono(

tasuramui 3r; qaburun terigün Baras sar-a-dur (uèin qono( bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uèin

qono(ügei 3r; Luu sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Morin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Qonin

sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3v; Beèin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uèin

qono( bui 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü

ta(alal 3v; qono( tasura(san ¯ir(u(an sar-a-yi šin-e-dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu qa(uèin-dur

tasuraqu 3v; edür qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v; umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono(

tasuraqui 3v; ilede qono( tasuraqu busu 3v; nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono(

sa(umui 3v; (uèin qubi nigen qono( 5r; (uèin qono( nigen sar-a 5r; ¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen

qono( bolumui 5v; (uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v; ebülün dumdadu sarayin

arban ¯ir(u(an-aèa ekilen to(ala¯u ¯ir(u(an sar-a büged ¯ir(u(an qono( bolbasu nara emün-e

¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg urba¯u 5v; nigen qono(-i ¯a(un möèi bol(an 6r; isün qono(-tu oldayu 23r;

¯a(u qono(-du tüimer šitaqu 60r; ¯a(u qono(-du ükükü 60r; ¯arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun

qono(-dur tasuramui 4r; qono(-un (urban ¯üil 2r; tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i

il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v; qošiyad qošiyad qono(-un odun na(šidar-<y>i to(alaqu ügei 3v.

qono( tasura- extracalation; the cutting of a day from the calendar: 3r, 3r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v;

¯ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu inu 3r.

qono(-un (urban ¯üil the three kinds of day, i.e., 1. the zodiac or sidereal day (Tib.

khyim-zhag), the time it takes the sun to progress on out of 360 degrees of the zodiac or the

movement of the sun across the celestial meridian; there are 360 such days in a year; this is

the longest type of day; 2. the doin, the solar or natural day (Tib. nyin-zhag), the period from

917
GLOSSARY

dawn to dawn; there are 365 such days per year; 3. the date or lunar day (tshes-zhag), the

period of time it takes the moon to travel one-thirtieth the distance between new moon

positions in each successive sign of the zodiac; there are 375 lunar days in a year; this is the

shortest type of day; see Berzin, 20-21; Schuh, 84; the three kinds of day derive from three

incommensurate cycles in nature: 1. the doin or solar day; 2. the lunation; 3. sidereal year; the

three kinds of day is found in Tibetan and Hindu systems as well; qono(-un (urban ¯üil 2r.

qoor qomsa harm, damage; trifle, very little, almost nothing: qoor qomsa bol- 34r; keregür

ba qoor qomsa bolqu 25v; ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; ed tavar qoor qomsa

bolqu 57r; ger dotor-a qoor qomsa bolqu 57v.

qoor qorom¯i harm, loss, damage: qoor qorom¯i bolqu 41r; adu(usun-dur qoor qorom¯i

yeke boluyu 38r.

qoor ada demons of harm: qoor ada bolqu 56r.

qoor-a poison: qoor-a neyilegülbesü 41v; qoor neyilegülküi üiles 46r; qooridur

[=qooradur] ükügsen kümün[-ü] köbegün qula(a¯u amu 24v; qooritu [=qooratu] üiles 16r.

qoor-a neyilegülbesü if one mixes poison (41v).

qoqui [interj. expressing anguish]: köbegün töröbesü eneleküi ¯obalang-iyar qoqui kemen

¯oba¯u yabumui 47v.

qorin twenty; the twentieth day of the month: qorin 40v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 53r; qorin nasun

61v; qorin-a 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r,

43r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 56r.

918
GLOSSARY

qorin dolo(an the twenty-seventh day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18r, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 56r.

qorin dörben twenty-four; the twenty-fourth day of the month: 8r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r,

55v, 56r; qorin dörben a(ur èa(; tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r;

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür-dü uridu üligsen ¯ir(u(an edür-<y>i nigedbesü nigen

saban sara bolumui 6v; qorin dörben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un sayin

ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi. söni qorin dörben qubi 13r; edür qorin

dörben qubi. söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r.

qorin dörben a(ur èa( [Ch. ershisi jieqi; Tib. dus-tshigs nyer-bzhi]; the twenty-four joints

and breaths; meteorological phases of the solar year. Of these the manual mentions X, Y. For

discussion and listing of these weather terms, see Palmer, 64-66; tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben

a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r.

qorin (urban the twenty third day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r.

qorin isün twenty-nine; the twenty-ninth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12r, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 38v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r, 58v; ¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü

qono(ügei bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei-yin tula-da qorin isün bitegüü bolumui

3r.

919
GLOSSARY

qorin ¯ir(u(an twenty-six; the twenty-sixth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r; edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r; edür (uèin

dörben qubi. söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r.

qorin naiman twenty-eight; the twenty-eighth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v,

44r, 44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r; edür qorin naiman qubi söni (uèin

qoyar qubi 9r, 17r; edür (uèin qoyar qubi. söni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r; qorin naiman

na(šidar 21r, 24v, 60v, 61r; qorin naiman odun 32v; qorin naiman nasun 61v.

qorin naiman na(šidar the twenty-eight nakshatra (21r, 24v, 60v, 61r).

qorin nigen the twenty-first day of the month: 8v, 9r, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43v, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r.

qorin qoyar the twenty-second day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 58v.

qorin tabun the twenty-fifth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 37r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47v,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 54r, 55v, 56r.

qoriy-a/qoriyan enclosure; corral: qoriyan bosqabasu 42v; qoriy-a baribasu 42v, 48r; tngri-

yin qoriyan-dur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

920
GLOSSARY

qoriy-a baribasu if one builds a corral (42v).

qoriyan bosqabasu if one erects a corral (42v).

qoro- to diminish, wane: qoriy-a baribasu mal inu qoroqu 48r.

qorom¯i loss: qoor qorom¯i 41r; Naran 'al Široi ed[e]n-dür adu(usun-dur qoor qorom¯i

yeke boluyu 38r; Nara odun-dur ed mal qorom¯i bolqu 56r.

qoroqai insect: üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r.

qoršiyala- to mate: ularu šiba(un qoršiyalamui 15r.

qoši(u(n) snout: ¯ir(u(an odun düri inu qoši(u metü bui 27v; noqai qoši(un ma(u 49v;

(aqai qoši(utu 55r.

qošiyad two each: nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a ¯üg odqui-dur nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende

qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; tegüni qošiyad qošiyad qono(-un odun na(šidar-<y>i

to(alaqu ügey-yin tulada. qono( tasuramui kememüi 3v.

qošiyala- to pair, mate: modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad

qošiyalamui 9r; eliy-e šiba(un qošiyalamui 9r; öèüken ¯i(asun qošiyalamui 11r; noqai

quraèi¯u [=qurièa¯u] qošiyalamui 16r; ¯egeren taki qošiyalamui 18r; èarèa(-a qošiyalan

dong(oddumui 14r.

qota(n) city, fortress, citadel, wall: qota ¯asabasu 22v, 23v, 24r, 29r; šin-e ger ba qota

¯asabasu 25r; ger bayišing qota ¯asabasu 28r; qota deledbesü 32r; qota bal(asun èimebesü

34v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür 37r; qota baribasu 41r, 42r, 42v; qota bal(asun bari-

41v, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 45v, 61r; qota yender baribasu 42v; dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i

quriyaqui 61v; doron-a ¯üg qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur ¯i(abasu 24v.

921
GLOSSARY

qota bal(asun baribasu if one builds a town or city (41v, 42r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 61r).

qota bal(asun èimebesü if one decorates a city or town (34v)

qota baribasu if one builds a city (41r, 42r, 42v).

qota deledbesü if one pounds a city wall (32r).

qota ¯asabasu if one repairs a city, i.e., citadel, fortress or wall (22v, 23v, 24r, 29r).

qota yender baribasu if one builds a fortress or platform (42v).

qoya(ula both: bombo aq-a degüü qoya(ula ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 26r.

qoyar two: qoyar 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 26v, 37v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v,

44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v,

46v, 46v, 55v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61v; qoyar yaba(an

üker 4v; qoyar ¯üil 5r; qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v; qoyar qubi 5v; qoyar deb 6r, 6r;

nigen edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu 2r; Qoyar sara 6r, 9r, 9r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r,

41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r,

60v; qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür 6v; qoyitu qoyar ¯il 7r; qoyar šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; šinein qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 39r, 53r, 56v; qoyar qara dusul 20v, 43r;

qoyar kümün 23r, 26r, 41r; aqa degüü qoyar (kümün) 25v, 26r, 30r; qoyar ger 23r; qoyarba

dörben ba ba(ura(san bandi bombo qoyar-un nigen köbegün 24v; qoyar ¯aya(an 27r; qoyar

odun 32v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; qoyar odun-u düri inu qulu(an-a metü bui 27v; qoyar

odun-u düri inu ildün metü bui 28r; qoyar odun-u düri inu ürgül¯i seèig metü bui 31r; qoyar

922
GLOSSARY

odun-u düri inu tergen metü bui 31v; qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v;

degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a neretü qoyar odun bui 32v; Mahašuvari tngri kiged

Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r; qoyar široi uèirabasu

45v; qoyar usu uèarabasu 45v; qoyar (al uèarabasu 45v; qoyar kei uèarabasu 45v; usu široi

qoyar uèarabasu 46r; (al kei qoyar uèarabasu 46r; široi kei qoyar uèarabasu 46r; usu kei qoyar

uèarabasu 46r; (al široi qoyar uèarabasu 46r; usu (al qoyar uèarabasu 46r; qoyar sayiqan

köbegün törömüi 52v; qoyar qulu(an-a ¯iltü er-e em-e bolbasu 54v; qoyar üker ¯iltü uru(

èuqa( bayan sayin 54v; qoyar baras ¯iltü uru( cögen bayan sayin 54v; qoyar taulai ¯iltü

köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar luu ¯iltü uru( èögen ügegüü bui 54v; qoyar mo(ai ¯iltü

köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar morin ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar qonin

¯iltü uru( olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar beèin ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar takiy-a

¯iltü köbegün uru( èuqa( bolu(ad keregürèi ma(u 54v; qoyar noqai ¯iltü köbegün èögen

keregürèi ma(u 54v; qoyar (aqai ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan sayin bui 54v; tngri-yin Vim-a

neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün 39v; qono(

tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-<y>i medekü kereg 3r; edür söni qoyar-<y>i ulam ne¯iged

ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü 5v; qoyar-du aliba üiles ülü üiledkü 24v; Mul Abiji qoyar-du ¯arli(

nom medekü bolumui 37v; terigün gedesün qoyar-tu beri ab 55v; amidu ba ükügsen qoyar-un

üile-dür sayin 29v; ¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v.

Qoyar sara the second month: 6r, 9r, 9r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v.

923
GLOSSARY

qoyar šin-e the second day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; šinein

qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 39r, 53r, 56v.

qoyin-a after; later: qoyin-a 32r, 34r, 40r, 61r, 61r; egün-eèe qoyin-a 6r, 6v; saban sarayin

qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v; ösügsen qoyin-a 30r; qoyin-a (arqu 31v; nara ur(u(san qoyin-a

42r; ör geyigsen qoyin-a 42v; taulai qoyin-a 58v; qoni qoyin-a 58v; (aqai qoyin-a 58v; qoyin-

a-aèa buu qara 54r.

qoyitu back; later; future; coming: ¯arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r;

qoyitu dörben möèi mana(ar-un edür-dü (ada(adu bui 6v; qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben

edür 6v; uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v; qoyitu arban tabun 6v; qoyitu on 7r, 17r;

qoyitu qoyar ¯il 7r; qoyitu ür-e (uyiranèi bolumui 47v; qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e 47v.

qubaqai dried; withered: tariyan modun taribasu qubaqai bolqu 47v.

qubèad [pl. of qubèasun] clothes: qubèad köke-ber èime¯ü 23vqubèad èimeg-iyen èa(an-

iyar èimejü 23v.

qubèasun clothes: debel qubèasun eskeküi edür 55v.

qubi 1. share, portion; 2. unit of time a) = 48 minutes (S. muhûrta); b) = 24 minutes (S.

nâdî); c) = 86.4 seconds; 3. the first month of the year: Qubi sara 7r, 8r, 8r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 38r,

39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 50v, 50v; qaburun terigün Baras sara-yi Qubi sara bol(a¯u 2v; edür söni-yin èa( möèi-yin

qubi 2v; (uèin möèi nigen qubi 5r; (uèin qubi nigen qono( 5r; qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi

bolumui 5v; qubi to(alaqui 5v; ¯iran möèi nigen qubi 5v; qoyar qubi nigen tedüiken 5v; ¯iran

924
GLOSSARY

qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v; edür arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; söni arban tabun

tedüiken qubi 5v; edür söni-yin a(ur inu ¯ir(u(an tedüiken qubi bolumui 5v; urtudqu ba. oqor

bol(aqu inu möèi-ber qubiya¯u qubi bol(an 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu

¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui 6r; ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi

següder neme¯ü 6r; ¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür kürbesü nigen ¯il bolumui 6r; nigen èa(tur

naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban qubi bolbasu nigen möèi bui 6r; arban

adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui 6r; edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 8r, 18r; söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r,

18r; edür qorin naiman qubi 9r; söni (uèin qoyar qubi 9r; edür söni qubi saèu(u bolumui 10r;

edür (uèin qoyar qubi 11r; söni qorin naiman qubi 11r; edür (uèin dörben qubi 12r; söni

qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r; edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 13r; söni qorin dörben qubi 13r; edür (uèin

dörben qubi 14r; söni qorin ¯ir(u(an 14r; edür (uèin qoyar qubi 15r; söni qorin naiman qubi

15r; edür söni qubi saèu(uu 16r; edür qorin naiman qubi 17r; söni (uèin qoyar qubi 17r; edür

qorin dörben qubi 19r; söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r; qamtudqui-yin ¯ir(u(an qubi-dur šitü¯ü

2r; nigen qubi-dur nigen dusul 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i iledte medeküi inu

5v; nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju 6r; dolo(an

qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du

modun-u següder-ügei bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i medegdeküi

tegüsbe 6r.

qubi [S. muhûrta]; unit of time; there are three systems for reckoning time in the text, and

the measure of the qubi is different in all three; in the first system there are 30 qubi in one day;

thus, the qubi equals 48 minutes; this measure can be traced back to Vedic times in India

925
GLOSSARY

where there are 30 muhûrta in a day; in the second time reckoning system, this qubi is referred

to as tedüiken or “common”; in the second time reckoning system there are 60 qubi in one

day; thus, the qubi equals 24 minutes; in the third system the qubi equals 86.4 seconds;

according to Indian astrology, the 30 muhûrta system can be reckoned in three different ways:

first is by dividing day and night into 15 muhûrta; this means the muhûrta varies in length as

the lengths of day and night vary throughout the year (as measured by a gnomon); second has

30 muhûrtas of equal length as measured by a water clock; third is a system of fixed shadow

lengths; the gnomon referred to in the manual, a pole with seven portions (dolo(an qubi-tu

modun), measures the “common” unit of 30 qubi per day; see Stone, 1981: 181-183; edür

söni-yin èa( möèi-yin qubi 2v; (uèin möèi nigen qubi 5r; (uèin qubi nigen qono( 5r qoyar

amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v; qubi to(alaqui 5v; ¯iran möèi nigen qubi 5v; qoyar qubi

nigen tedüiken 5v; ¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v; edür arban tabun tedüiken

qubi 5v; söni arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; edür söni-yin a(ur inu ¯ir(u(an tedüiken qubi

bolumui 5v; urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu möèi-ber qubiya¯u qubi bol(an 5v; dolo(an qubi-

du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui 6r;

ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder neme¯ü 6r; ¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür kürbesü nigen ¯il bolumui

6r; nigen èa(tur naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban qubi bolbasu nigen

möèi bui 6r; arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui 6r; edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 8r, 18r; söni

(uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r; edür qorin naiman qubi 9r; söni (uèin qoyar qubi 9r; edür söni

qubi saèu(u bolumui 10r; edür (uèin qoyar qubi 11r; söni qorin naiman qubi 11r; edür (uèin

dörben qubi 12r; söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r; edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 13r; söni qorin

926
GLOSSARY

dörben qubi 13r; edür (uèin dörben qubi 14r; söni qorin ¯ir(u(an 14r; edür (uèin qoyar qubi

15r; söni qorin naiman qubi 15r; edür söni qubi saèu(uu 16r; edür qorin naiman qubi 17r; söni

(uèin qoyar qubi 17r; edür qorin dörben qubi 19r; söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r; nigen qubi-

dur nigen dusul 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i iledte medeküi inu 5v; nara bayiqu

düng¯i edür düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju 6r; dolo(an qubi-du

modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u

següder-ügei bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i medegdeküi tegüsbe 6r.

Qubi sara the first month of the year. While the rest of the Mongolian months, from the

second through the eleventh month are named according to their number, the Second month,

and so on, as is the Chinese, Central Asian and Babylonian custom as well, the name of the

first month, qubi sar-a, along with kögeler sar-a, the last month of the year, absent from

present-day Mongolian calendars, are from an series of specifically Mongolian terms. L.

Bazin gives etymologies of these two terms (followed in Melville, 84 note 11, 95) derived

from Buddhist Iranian and Sogdian, respectively; G. Kara, while pointing out the phonetic

difficulties of this etymology, shows that the existence of this earlier Mongolian system, cited

by Mostaert in full from the 9th series of the Lung wei bi shu, found in the Yi shih ji yu (chap.

IV, f. 19) from the time of the Ming dynasty (cf. Textes oraux ordos p. 131-132, note 2)

makes these etymologies impossible. Cf. Kara (1984) 194, note 23; Kara, 1973; and the term

sara in Kara’s study of the Zhiyuan Yiyu. While the independent designation of the 1st and

12th months is in Uigur also (see Kara, “Weitere . . . .,” p. 194), the early Mongolian as cited

by Mostaert is similar to the ancient Turkish system in that the new year begins with the

927
GLOSSARY

coming of spring, the vernal equinox. This marks a divergence from the Chinese system the

Mongols eventually adopted, the system given in the manuscript and modern Buddhist

systems, in which the new year begins prior to the vernal equinox, around the time the sun

enters Aquarius. See also Ligeti, 45 and Cerensodnom and Taube, 147. Qubi sara 7r, 8r, 8r,

37r, 37r, 37v, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r,

47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50v; qaburun terigün Baras sara-yi Qubi sara bol(a¯u 2v.

qubil(an transformation; metamorphosis; a Buddha incarnate living god: amitan-u itegel

burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g 26; yeke rid'i qubil(an ü¯egülügsen buyan-tu sara

bolai 8r; baling do(šin inu gara(-un qubil(an-u tulada 39v.

qubira- to fade, wilt: küiten següder una¯u ebesün qubaraqui èa(16r.

qubiya- to divide: urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu möèi-ber qubiya¯u qubi bol(an 5v; nigen

edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu. egüni arban qoyar èa(tur qubiya¯u amui 6r.

quèa ram: a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa talbibasu 35r.

quda/qudda the heads of two families related through marriage of their children: quda

anda bol- 10r, 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v, 56r, 61v; quda anda bolulèibasu 29r, 32r; qudda anda

bolulèibasu 28r, 28r, 31r;quda anda eribesü 31r.

quda anda bolbasu if one becomes related through marriage or oath (15r, 22v, 25v, 26v,

30v).

quda anda bolulèibasu if one becomes related to another through marriage or oath (28r,

28r, 31r, 29r, 32r).

quda anda eribesü if one seeks relations through marriage or oath (31r).

928
GLOSSARY

qudal falsehood, lie: qudal ülü ügülekü 61r.

qudalèi liar: köbegün töröbesü qudalèi umarta[m]ta(ai ma(u a(ali-tu boluyu 61v.

qudaldu- to trade, do business, sell: qudaldubasu 10r, 17r, 26v, 28r, 31v; ¯arudasun

qudaldubasu 24v, 30r; morin qudaldubasu 25r, 31r, 31r, 31v; qong(or qal¯an morin

qudaldubasu 25r; bo(ol qudaldubasu 25r, 25v, 26r, 28v; mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v; mal

qudaldubasu 29v; altan mönggü qudaldubasu 26r; qayinu( qudaldubasu 32r; ed mal

¯ibqarabasu doron-a ¯üg-ün kümün qula(uyu belbesün em-e-dür qudaldu¯u amu 25v;

tariyalang-un (a¯ar qudalduqui 45v; adu(usun qudalduqui 61v.

qudaldu business, trade, commerce: qudaldu ki- 9r, 14r, 22r, 24r, 25r, 27r, 29v, 34r, 34r,

36r, 36v, 37r, 37r, 37r, 45v, 61v; qudaldu aril¯a kibesü 35v; qudaldu odbasu 15r; qola (a¯ar-a

qudaldu odbasu 36r.

qudaldu aril¯a kibesü if one does business (35v).

qudaldu keyibesü if one does business (9r, 14r, 22r, 24r, 25r, 27r, 29v, 34r, 34r, 36r, 36v,

37r, 37r, 37r).

qudaldu odbasu if one goes to do business (15r).

qudaldubasu if one does business (10r, 17r, 26v, 28r, 31v).

qudaldulèibasu if one trades with another (31r).

quddu( well: quddu( nüke butegen bulabasu 36r; quddu( nüke bulabasu 37r; Taulai edür

quddug ülü maltaqu 57r; quddu(-tur orobasu 37r.

quddu( nüke bulabasu if one digs a well (37r).

quddu( nüke butegen bulabasu if one succeeds in digging the hole for a well (36r).

929
GLOSSARY

quddu(-tur orobasu if one enters a well (37r).

qu(us equinox: qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i

èigerle.59r.

qula fawn-colored, tawny, bay, having a black stripe along the spine; with black tail and

mane, i.e., a horse: qula 52v.

qula(ai theft, robbery, banditry: degerem qula(ai yabubasu 34r; buliyan qula(ai getebesü

36v; qula(ai kibesü yal-a-dur oroqu 41r; degirm-e [=degerm-e] qula(ai odqui 46r; qula(ai

oromui 47v; ¯a(ur-a qula(ai uèiraqu 50r; qula(ai-du uèaraqu 50r; qula(ai-tu abtaqu 56r;

tngri-yin qula(ai-tur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r; degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui 61v; qola (a¯ar-a

mör (arbasu buliyan qula(ai-lu(-a uèiraqu 47v; buliyan qula(ay-u [=yin] üiles 46r.

qula(ai kibesü if one commits robbery (41r).

qula(ayièi(n) thief; robber: qula(ayièi 28r, 31v; degerem qula(ayièi ba keregür bara(ur-

tur ¯ol(oqu 4v; (ürban qula(ayièi ¯öbleldüküi na(šidar bui 27r; qula(ayièi kümün-i

erigülbesü 36r; noqai kegübesü ger-dür qula(ayièi oroqu 57v; tere qula(ayièi-dur nigen em-e

kümün oroldu¯u amu 23r; buliyan qula(ayièin-i getebesü 34r; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu qula(ayièi-

yin aèi inu ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 31v; erekey-yin èinegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin èinegen morin

unu¯u 39v.

qula(ayièi kümün-i erigülbesü if one looks for a thief (36r).

qula(u- to steal: qula(u¯u 24r, 24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 27r; ed ¯ibqarabasu er-e (a(èa

kümün-ü köbegün qula(u¯u amu 23v; qula(uyu 23r, 24r, 24v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 27v, 28v, 28v,

29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 31r; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu isün kümün qul[a](uyu 22v.

930
GLOSSARY

qulan wild ass: morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün güièimüi 12r; qulan una(an-

iyan telèiyemüi 14r.

qulu(an-a mouse: Qulu(an-a sara 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; bing

qulu(an-a sara 7v; uu qulu(an-a sara 7v; king qulu(an-a sara 7v; šim qulu(an-a sara 7v; ¯a

qulu(an-a sara 7v; Töbedün-dür Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r; Qulu(an-a ¯il 41r, 46r, 51r, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 58v/Qulu(ana ¯il 55v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu

Qulu(an-a ¯il-dür qaburun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; qulu(an-a ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v,

54v, 54v; qulu(an-a ¯ilten 54r, 54v; Qulu(an-a èa( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v;

Qulu(an-a èa(-un uridu dörben möèe mön edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; bing qulu(an-a èa(

7v; uu qulu(an-a èa( 7v; king qulu(an-a èa( 7v; šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v; ¯a qulu(an-a èa( 7v;

Qulu(an-a (edür) 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 13r, 16r, 18r, 34r, 42r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v,

50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v;

Qulu(an-a (a¯ar-a 17r; qulu(an-a töröküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v;

Qulu(an-a sara mön-ü tula belge inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-eèe ülü (arumui 18r; qoyar

odun-u düri inu qulu(an-a metü bui 27v; (a¯ar ködelbesü nara sara ükübesü ma(ad qula(an-a

ma(u bui 32r; nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi Abiji buyu 34r; šin-e debel

[. . .] emüsbesü qulu(an-a qa¯ayu 34r; dolo(an-a qulu(an-a qa¯[a]qu 56r; qulu(an-a qa¯abasu

57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r; qulu(an-a debil x 58r; Qulu(an-a-aèa terigülen ali ¯il bögesü

qoyitu qoyar ¯il qaburun ekin bolumui 7r.

931
GLOSSARY

Qulu(an-a èa( Mouse hour: 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v; Qulu(an-a èa(-un uridu

dörben möèe mön edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; bing qulu(an-a èa( 7v; uu qulu(an-a èa( 7v;

king qulu(an-a èa( 7v; šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v; ¯a qulu(an-a èa( 7v.

Qulu(an-a (edür) Mouse day: 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 13r, 16r, 18r, 34r, 42r, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v.

Qulu(an-a (a¯ar-a Mouse place (17r).

Qulu(an-a ¯il Mouse year: 41r, 46r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

58v/Qulu(ana ¯il 55v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu Qulu(an-a ¯il-dür qaburun dumdadu sara

qoyar 4r; qulu(an-a ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; qulu(an-a ¯ilten 54r, 54v.

qulu(an-a qa¯abasu if a mouse bites (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r).

Qulu(an-a sara Mouse month: 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; bing

qulu(an-a sara 7v; uu qulu(an-a sara 7v; king qulu(an-a sara 7v; šim qulu(an-a sara 7v; ¯a

qulu(an-a sara 7v; Töbedün-dür Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r; Qulu(an-a sara mön-ü tula belge inu

tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-eèe ülü (arumui 18r.

qulu(an-a töröküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v

quma( fine sand: nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma( 60r; nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur

ula(an quma( 60r; šara ula(an quma(-du edüd 60r.

932
GLOSSARY

qumq-a [S. kumbha]; vase, pitcher; vessel; (cf. ODT, 18); èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a bui

20r.

Qumqan-u ger The house of the pitcher; the first sign of the zodiac = Aquarius; nara

Qumqan-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r.

qur-a rain: 17r, 26r; sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad 1v; qur-a (ese) orobasu 11r, 12r,

13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 61r, 61v; üsken qur-a 11r, 14r; qur-a elbeg 61r.

qur-a (ese) orobasu if rain does (not) fall (11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 61r, 61v).

qura(ala- to lamb: qonin èa(-iyar qura(alamui 10r.

qurièa/quraèi/quraèa- to love passionately; to rut (of animals): noqai quraèi¯u

[=qurièa¯u] 16r; arsalan quraèimui 14r; takiy-a qorièaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v; üker qurièaqui sar-a 11r; qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r.

qurièaqui passionate desire; the 8th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination

(šitün barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the cock of the twelve animals: takiy-a

qorièaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

qurim feast, celebration: qurim-dur kešig tasurla(èi 28r, 33r, 33v; buyan qurim üiledbesü

31v; qurim keyi- 42r, 46r; šibad-un qurim kibesü 44r; qurim qurimlabasu 47v; qurim uèira-

58r; idegen qurim 50r.

qurim qurimlabasu if one celebrates a feast (47v).

933
GLOSSARY

qurimla- to celebrate, feast; to get married: qurimlabasu 22v, 23v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 31v, 31v,

31v, 32r, 35r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v; köbegün qurimlabasu 24v; qurim qurimlabasu 47v; ülü

qurimlaqu 58r.

quriya- to collect, gather; take; confiscate; surround: adu(usun quriyabasu 26v; tngri

(a¯ar-un qorin dörben a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r; dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i quriyaqui

degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui 61v.

quriya(èi [Ch. shou “to collect” (Mathews 5837)]; the one that collects; 10th of the twelve

lords of the day]: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; šiu

quryiya(èi edür 36v.

quryiyang(ui collection: sang quryiyang(ui 49r.

qutu( [S. pada; Tib. go ‘phang]; sanctity, holy rank; dignity, distinction; happiness, bliss;

benediction; rank or dignity of a saintly person (Lessing, 1190): qutu( oroši(ul- 8r, 24r, 29v,

31r, 34v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r; qutu( ülü oroši(ulqu bui 61v; öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün

belge 20r; öl¯i qutu( oroši(ulbasu 21v, 29r; öl¯i qutu( tegüsèü ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v;

süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; dand’ris-tur nomlar-

un mandal-i qutu( oroši(ulqu 37v; qutu( oroši(ulqu üiles yertinèü-yin üiles-dür adali busu

bolai 38r; šitügen-dür qutu( oroši(ulbasu 43v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an

ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui 44v; qutu( (uyuqui üiles 45v; qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i

qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral-iyar sedkigsen bütüyü 45v; öl¯i

qutu( orošiqu bolumui 48r; luu-yin qutu( mör (arbasu sayin 49r; öl¯i qutu[(] 50r; öl¯i qutu(

934
GLOSSARY

oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui 60v; öni qutu(-aèa beèig irekü 57r; tu(ulu(san burqan-u

qutu(-i olu(san sayin èa( bui 11r; qutu(tu Manjušari 2v; öl¯i qutu(tu edür 34v.

qutu( oroši(ulbasu if one gives a blessing (8r, 24r, 29v, 31r, 34v, 37v, 38r).

qutu(tu saintly, holy: qutu(tu Manjušari 2v.

quvara( [S. sangha; Tib. dge ‘dun]; clergy: süm-e baribasu bursang quvara( ülü to(taqu

47v; quvara(-i takibasu 26v; bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v; toyin quvara(-un-yi

[=quvara(-ud-i] kündeleküi 61r.

quvara(-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the clergy (26v).

quya( armor; cuirass: debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r; quya( emüs'küi

na(šidar 30r; tabun quya(-du kümün-iyer uduridbasu 23v.

rabnas [Tib. rab gnas; S. pratishthâ]; benediction, consecration of an image, temple, etc.;

(cf. Jäschke, 621; Lessing, 651); rabnas oroši(ul- 21v, 24r, 46v, 61v; rabnas keyiküi sayin

edür 37v.

Radn-a dagini [S. ratna “jewel”; S. d}~kin§]; Ratna d}~kin§; on of the five d}~ kin§ (tabun

dagini [49v]).

ra(šas/ra(šis/ra(èis [S. râksasa; Tib. srin po]; ogres; demons associated with the Yeaks,

a Dravidian people from the south of India (Hackin 1963: 214-215). Cf. also ODT 14,

passim; MW 871.; ra(šas-un sünesün na(šidar bui 25v; Burvabalguni na(šidar kemebesü

ra(èis-un qo(olai metü na(šidar 27v; tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un o(talda(san na(šidar 28v.

Raqula [S. Râhula]; Râhula is another term for Râhu, the moon's ascending node, a

mythological planet, the monster in the heavens, which by the ancient Hindus and others was

935
GLOSSARY

believed to occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by attempting to devour them; for a

detailed description of attributes, etc., cf. ODT, 259-263; Waddell, 377; Sümber a(ula-yin

orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u Mahašuvari terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

èinggeldümüi 38v.

rašiyan/rašiyal [S. rasâyana; Uy. rasayan]; holy water; cf. RRS, 152; rašiyan edür-ün belge

erdini bui 20r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v; qoyar usu

uèarabasu rašiyan uèaral 45v; rašiyan-u uèaral-iyar amin nasun delgereyü 45v.

riddi qubil(an [S. nirmâna rddhi; Tib. rdzu ‘phrul]; magical transformation; miracle,

magic, sorcery (Lessing, 1181; RRS, 626); yeke rid'i qubil(an ü¯egülügsen buyan-tu sara bolai

8r.

Rivadi/Rivad’i [S. Revatî]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Rivadi 9v, 10v, 12v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 59r, 59v/Rivad’i 8v, 11v, 21v; Rivad’i na(šidar 31v; nigen bitegüü

tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi Rivad'i buyu 33v; šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i](al-dur

tüimeriddügèi Rivadi buyu 33v; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Rivadi
ede sayin 37v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul As’li( Širvan ede dolo(an

na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Pus Suvadi Rivad’i Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu

kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani

eden usun bui 61r; em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Rivadi [. . .] sayin 56r; dörben

tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r; Margašar Asli( Jayitar

Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

936
GLOSSARY

Rôkini/Rokini [S. Rohin}§]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Rôkini 10v, 11v,

16v/Rôkini 8v, 9v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59r;

Rôkini na(šidar 25r; nigen üker-<y>i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Rôkini buyu 33v; bayan kümün-i

ügegürigülügèi Rôkini buyu 33v; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]

Rôkini [. . .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] sayin 37v; na(šidar-un sayin inu [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] odun edür

qutu( oroši(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Široi odun Rôkini

qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .] Altan odun

Rôkini qoyar 45r; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar

široy-yin èinar bui 45v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü Rôkini [. . .] odun sayin 51r;

tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü Rôkini [. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün

sayin [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] sayin 55v; Rôkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis keš[i]g-ün odun bui

60v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden modun bui 61r; Rokini Udaribalguni

Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r Rôkini-tur busud-i

ilaqui 37v.

sa Tib. sa: (a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; qariqui edürün belge

inu qara sa üsüg bui 20r.

saban sara [Ch. runyue; Tib. zla-bshol]; the intercalary month: saban sara 4r; qono(

tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-<y>i medekü kereg 3r; (urban ¯il-dür nigen saban sar-a

937
GLOSSARY

bolumui 3r; Dülb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(èin kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal inu

tabun ¯üil bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu Qulu(an-a ¯il-

dür qaburun dumdadu sara qoyar. Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar. Morin ¯il-dür

namurun dumdadu sara qoyar. Takiy-a ¯il-dür ebülün dumdadu sara qoyar 4r saban sara-dur

odun na(šidar ü¯eküi 4r; qono( tasura(san kiged saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide

to(alabasu sayin ma(u aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r; (urban ¯il-dür nigen saban sar-a bolqu anu

olan sudur-un ta(alal 4r; tegüber ¯iran da(un nigen möèe. (uèin möèi nigen qubi (uèin qubi

nigen qono(. (uèin qono( nigen sar-a. arban qoyar sar-a nigen ¯il. tegün-eèe qolidqa¯u

üligsen-i saban sara bolumui 5r; qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v; merged

saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesügei 6v; basa arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an

öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u to(alabasu basa ¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi. (urban on-dur (uèin ¯ir(u(an

edür bolumui. (uèin edür-<y>i inü nigen saban sara bol(abasu ¯ir(u(an edür inu ülemui 6v;

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür-dü uridu üligsen ¯ir(u(an edür-<y>i nigedbesü nigen

saban sara bolumui 6v; saban sara-yi oriši(ulqui ar(-a kemebesü 6v; önggeregsen döèin

dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bögesü tere sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a

oroši(ulqu bui 6v; döèin dolo(an on-du saban-ügei bögesü uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i tegši

ü¯egdeküi 6v; aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur-ügei bögesü tere saban sara bolumui

7r; ene saban ekilegsen ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r sabanügey-eèe bolbasu qarši ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r.

saèu- to scatter; sprinkle: ür-e saèubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 32r; tariyan saèubasu

22r, 30v; usun saèu(ad 21v; miq-a-yi mungna¯u saèu(ad 22r; boskil saèu¯u 24r; köröngge

saèaqu [=saèuqu] 48r; suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu 60v; ür-e saèuqui 45v.

938
GLOSSARY

saèu(u/saèu(uu equal; equally: nigen dusul bolumui. tere kemebesü tngri-nerün nigen

amisqaqui-lu(-a saèu(uu bolumui 5v; edür söni saèu(u bol- 5v, 10r, 16r; qoyar deb-dür edür

söni saèu(uu bolu(san 6r; köbegün töröbesü JaŸarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saèa(uu boluyu 26v;

yabudal inu nara sara-lu(-a saèa(u yabumui 55r; eng terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-ü

qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu tegün-lu(-a [=tegün-lüge] nigen

da(un (arqui inu saèu(u-yin tula. nigen da(un (arumui 5r.

saèuli aspersion or libation of milk or tea for the deities; grain and food scattered as

offerings to deities (Lessing, 655); ceremony for the consecration of the herds; for these rites,

see RRS, 585-591; suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu esü( ¯ula(-un negegemel edür 60v; saèuli

er<e>gübesü 60v.

saèuli er<e>gübesü if one offers an aspersion (60v).

Sadabis [S. Úatabhisaj]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Sadabis 8v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Sadabis na(šidar 31r; qota

bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 37r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba

noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Sadabis sayin 37r; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] 'al odun Sadabis qoyar 45r; Sadabis

Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui

45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden usun bui 61r; èireg

mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 48v; Rôkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis

keš[i]g-ün odun bui. ed mal ülü (ar(amui 60v; naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü [. . .] Sadabis

939
GLOSSARY

Burvabadaribad qoyar bui 61r; Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü

tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v.

sada(-a a doll used in medical rituals, through which illness is expelled: sada(-a buu ög

34v.

sadhu [S. sâhdu] "holy person, saint; virtuous; good; sage; a monk or ascetic," (Grimes,

263). Knappert in Indian Mythology defines sâdhu as "a saint, a person who has succeeded

in suppressing his desires, so that he has acquired true insight into the essence of reality,

which is that all people and all creatures are one," p. 213. See G. Kara, 1979, p. 199, where

the term sâhdu is given in an astrological text in the Uigur form satu: sadhu kemeged ¯arli(

bolurun 32v.

sadun friend; relative: ür-e sadun qa(aèiqu 46v; nidün-dür ür-e sadun delgereged ülem¯i

¯ir(alang-du bolumui 52v; ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui 46r.

saki(èi [Ch. zhi/chih, “to protect,” (Mathews 996)]; the one that protects; 6th of the twelve

lords of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi saki(èi

ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; köbegün-i

saki(èi 30v; gi saki(èi edür 36r.

saki(ulsun [S. pâla; Tib. srung ma]; protection; protector, genius protector, a class of

deities: amin(-u) saki(ulsun 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; amin saki(ulsun

doron-a emün-e 8r; amin-u saki(ulsun doron-a 9r; amin saki(ulsun üiled- 34r, 46r; amin

saki(ulsun üile üiledbesü 35v; amin-u saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r, 36v, 36v; amin(-u) ¯oli(

saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; saki(ulsun üiledbesü 23r, 26v, 28r, 29r; ebedèin-ü

940
GLOSSARY

kümün saki(ulsun üiledbesü 28v; saki(ulsun biy-e-dür-iyen bišil(abasu 31r; öber-ün

saki(ulsun-iyan keèiye 43r.

saki(ulsun üiledbesü if one performs rites for protection (23r, 26v, 28r, 29r).

salbar a bird of prey, falcon: ¯a(ur-a salbar šiba(un öndegelemüi 18r; ¯a(ur-a salbarun

¯ul¯a(an degde¯ü nisümüi 12r

sal(a- to separate: köbegün aèinar-i öber-e sal(abasu 34r; adu(usun sürüg sal(abasu 35v;

mal-i öber-e sal(abasu 36v; adu(usun sal(an sürüglebesü 36r.

salkin wind: qur-a ese orobasu ula(an salkin bolumui 11r; yeke salkin bolqu 14r, 15r;

salkin-u èa( ekilemüi 8r.

salm-a lasso; lariat: albin salm-a-bar küliküi na(šidar 27v.

sam-a [S. ?]; ?planet: na(šidar-a sam-a yokibani 32r.

sandali seat; chair: beèin edür šin-e širegen sandali deger-e ülü sa(uqu 58r; sandali metü

59v.

sang 1. ?; 2. [Ch. ts’ang (Mathews 6707)]; a treasury; granary: Kitad-un Lii du ting sang

neretü sudur 2v; küü sang negebesü 22v, 36r, 37r; küü sang-un ger baribasu 25v; küü sang-un

ger bosqabasu 30r; küü sang bari(èi odun 59r; sang negebesü 36r; sang ülü negekü 35v; sang

negegekü 48r; sang quriyang(ui mör (arbasu ma(u 49r; degüreng sang mör (arbasu sayin

49r; tngri-yin sang 49v; tngri-yin sang-dur mör (arbasu sayin 49r; dolo(an orong(-a-du

tama(-a-dur sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v; sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r; sang-un ger

bosqabasu 36v.

sang negebesü if one opens a storehouse (36r).

941
GLOSSARY

sang quriyang(ui treasure collection; perhaps this refers to the Chinese constellation

gulou/ku-lou (Mathews 3496, 4143), “the treasury,” comprising ten stars in the lower center

of Virgo (Schlegel, 1967: 136): sangquriyang(ui mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

sangvar vow, pledge, duty of a monk: baèa( sangvar abubasu 43v, 61r.

sar-a/sara(n) 1. moon; 2. month; 3. Monday: sara/sar-a 6v, 8r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r;

šineleküi sara 2r; qaburun terigün sar-a 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r; Mig sara 2r; Baras sar-a/sara 2v, 8r, 8r,

58v; Qubi sara 2v, 8r, 8r, 37r, 37r; Bus sar-a 3r; Suša( sar-a 3r; saban sar-a 3r, 3r, 3v, 4r, 5r,

5v, 6v, 6v, 7r; arban qoyar sara 3r; qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r; ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 4r,

11r, 12r, 13r; namurun dumdadu sara 4r, 14r, 15r; ebülün dumdadu sara 4r; sara degürküi

bara(daqui-yi medegdeküi 4r; èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara mör tögerekü 4r; ¯il sara möèi-yin

a(ur ¯okiramui 4r; Sara(n) odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 22r, 22r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45v, 45v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v; edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u

5r; (uèin qono( nigen sar-a 5r; (uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v; arban qoyar sar-

a nigen ¯il 5r; [arban] qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v; ¯ir(u(an sar-a 5v;

nara urba(san-aèa (urban sar-a bolu(ad 5v; arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an

öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u 6v; aliba sara saban bögesü tere sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin

qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v; bing baras sara 7v; uu baras sara 7v; king baras sara 7v; šim baras

sara 7v; ¯a baras sara 7v; ding taulai sara 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; šin taulai sara 7v; küi taulai

942
GLOSSARY

sara 7v; ii taulai sara 7v; uu luu sara 7v; king luu sara 7v; šim luu sara 7v; ¯a luu sara 7v; bing

luu sara 7v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; šin mo(ai sara 7v; küi mo(ai sara 7v; ii mo(ai sara 7v; ding

mo(ai sara 7v; king morin sara 7v; šim morin sara 7v; ¯a morin sara 7v; bing morin sara 7v;

uu morin sara 7v; šin qonin sara 7v; küi qonin sara 7v; ii qonin sara 7v; ding qonin sara 7v;

gii qonin sara 7v; šim beèin sara 7v; ¯a beèin sara 7v; bing beèin sara 7v; uu beèin sara 7v;

king beèin sara 7v; küi takiy-a sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a sara 7v; gi takiy-a sara

7v; šin takiy-a sara 7v; ¯a noqai sara 7v; bing noqai sara 7v; uu noqai sara 7v; king noqai sara

7v; šim noqai sara 7v; ii (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; gi (aqai sara 7v; šin (aqai sara 7v;

küi (aqai sara 7v; bing qulu(an-a sara 7v; uu qulu(an-a sara 7v; king qulu(an-a sara 7v; šim

qulu(an-a sara 7v; ¯a qulu(an-a sara 7v; ding üker sara 7v; gi üker sara 7v; šin üker sara 7v;

küi üker sara 7v; ii üker sara 7v; ebülün eèüs Mig sara 8r; yeke rid'i qubil(an ü¯egülügsen

buyan-tu sara bolai 8r; qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r; qaburun eèüs sara 9r; taulai sara

9r, 9r; qoyar sara 9r; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 10r; jun-u terigün sara 10r; qaburun eèüs

sara 10r; luu sara 10r, 10r; (urban sara 10r; qaburun eèüs Šuša( sara 11r; ¯un-u terigün sar-a

11r; mo(ai sar-a 11r, 11r; dörben sar-a 11r; üker qurièaqui sar-a bui 11r; ¯un-u terigün Èista

sar-a 12r; ¯un-u eèüs sara 12r, 13r; tabun sara 12r; morin sara 12r, 12r; namurun terigün sara

13r, 14r; qonin sara 13r, 13r; ¯ir(u(an sara 13r, 37v; ¯un-u eèüs Abiji sara 14r; beèin sar-a

14r, 14r; dolo(an sar-a 14r, 56v [here not name but duration?]; namurun terigün

Burvabadaribad sara 15r; namurun eèüs sar-a 15r, 16r; takiy-a sara 15r, 15r; naiman sara 15r,

37r; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; namurun dumdadu Ašivani sara 16r; ebülün terigün sara 16r, 17r;

noqai sara 16r, 16r; isün sara 16r; namurun eèüs Kerteg sar-a 17r; ebülün dumdadu sar-a 17r,

943
GLOSSARY

18r; (aqai sar-a 17r; ebülün terigün Margišar sar-a 18r; ebülün eèüs sar-a 18r, 19r; qulu(an-a

sar-a/sara 18r, 18r; arban nigen sar-a 18r; ebülün dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r; üker sar-a/sara 19r,

19r, 58v; kögeler-ün sar-a 19r; kögeler sara 38v; ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; doro(ši

qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(san qara sara bui 20v; nara sara 32v; nara sara

kirtübesü 25v; nara sara ükübesü 27r, 32r; nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( 42v; ¯il kiged sar-a

edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r; ügeyiregülügèi sara namurun eèüs ügeyiregülügèi

sar-a bui 41r; ebülün terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r; ebülün dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara

bui 41r; ebülün eèüs ügeyir[e]gülügèi sara bui 41r; namurun terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui

41r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a 42r; ¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u

bièisügei 48r; yeke sara bögesü 51v; sara yeke bögesü 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; ba(-a sara bögesü

51v; sara ba(-a bögesü 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen

ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v; on sara edür èa( möèe 55r; 1 sara 59v; arban nigen sara-aèa tabun sara

kürtel-e sayin 37v; sarada 11r, 15r, 38v, 40r; ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r;

¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r; naiman sarada<n> edür söni

teng kem-iyer 6r; qoyar sarada 9r; (urban sarada 10r; dörben sarada erdem sur(abasu 11r;

¯ir(u(an sarada erkedür oro(ulqui keèiyeküi üiles kiged abišig abubasu 13r; dolo(an sarada

sayitar oroši(ulbasu 14r; naiman sarada èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 15r; isün sarada öèügüken tusa

bütegebesü 16r; arban sarada ¯a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r; arban nigen sarada ed mal

(ada(ši ögbesü 18r; kögeler sarada usun-u üiles üiledbesü 19r; qaburun (urban sarada 42r,

42r; ¯un-u (urban sarada 42r; namurun (urban sarada 42r, 42r; ebülün (urban sarada 42r, 42r;

ede sarada 37v; ede sarada okin-u bey-e- dü ma(u 51r; ede sarada tegši sayin bui 51r; ede

944
GLOSSARY

sarada ¯i(uèi-du ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada eèige eke-de ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada qadam eèige

eke-de ma(u 51r; ede sarada er-e-dü ma(u bui 51r; qaburun (urban sarada<n> terigün 55r;

¯un-u (urban sarada<n> terigün 55r; namurun (urban sarada terigün 55r; ebülün (urban

sarada terigün 55r; Suša( sar-a arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-un neres-iyer nereyidkü 3r;

qaburun terigün Baras sar-a-dur (uèin qono( bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3r; Luu

sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun ügei-yin tula 3v; Morin sara-

dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei-yin tulada 3v; Beèin sara-dur (uèin

qono( bui 3v; Takiy-a sara-dur arban tabunügei-yin tulada 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uèin qono(

bui 3v; 'aqai sara-dur (uèinügei-yin tulada 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Üker

sara-dur arban tabunügei-yin tulada 3v; saban sara-dur odun na(šidar ü¯eküi bui 4r; ¯arim sar-

a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r; ¯arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur

tasuramui 4r; qoyar sara-dur 6r; taban sara-dur kögerge talbibasu 12r; arban qoyar sara-dur
nigen ¯il 33r; na(šidar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r; saran-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(san 8r; sara(n)-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u belgelemüi 18r, 19r; saran-

lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an 38r; sara-lu(-a edür

qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r; saran-lu(-a edür qamtuddu(san-iyar

gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin 39r; nara sara-lu(-a saèa(u yabumui

55r; sar-a-yi 4r, 10r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u 2r, 3r; Mig sara-yi qaburun

ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u 2v; qaburun terigün Baras sara-yi qubi sara bol(a¯u 2v; Baras Morin

Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi 2v; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi ¯il-ün terigün

bol(a¯u 3r; ¯ir(u(an sar-a-yi šin-e-dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu 3v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu

945
GLOSSARY

4r, 4r; saban sar-a-yi ülü meden 4r; sar-a-yi ali na(šidar inu ekilekü degürkü ba. bara(daqui

medekü kereg 4v; arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u 6v; saban

sara-yi oriši(ulqui ar(-a kemebesü 6v; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü kürdün bui 51r; er-e

sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola 52v; em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru( 52v; qaburun terigün sarayin

arbun tabun-a 2r; qaburun terigün sarayin . . . 2r; arban qoyar sarayin 60r; arban qoyar sarayin

to(-a 2v; arban qoyar sarayin öngge medekü kürdün ene bui 7v; arban qoyar sarayin isün šin-e

41v [see kögeler sara] arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; arban qoyar sarayin èo(tu edür 47r; arban

qoyar sarayin yang gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u edür 47r; arban qoyar sarayin

Modun gokimoi 48r; Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi

3r; sar-a-u urida önggeriged 3v; sar-a-yin to(-a medeküi kereg buyu 4v; ebülün dumdadu

sarayin 5v; merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesügei 6v; saban sarayin qoyin-a 6v; aliba

sarayin 37v, 56v, 58v; aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur ügei bögesü tere saban sara 6v;

aliba sarayin ülü sedükü edür 47v; aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün

49v; Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü

kürdün bui 49v; önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sarayin arban tabun 7r; qubi sarayin nigen

šinide 7r; qubi sarayin 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r,

47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50v; sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r; sarayin šin-e 37r, 37v, 37v; dörben ekin sarayin (urban isün-e èi(ulumui 38r; dörben

dumdadu sarayin (urban dolo(an-a èi(ulumui 38r; dörben eèüs sarayin (urban tabun-a

èi(ulumui 38r; qoyar sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a 38v; qoyar sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v,

42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; (urban

946
GLOSSARY

sarayin qorin qoyar-a 38v; (urban sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; dörben sarayin naiman šinede 38v;

dörben sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a 38v; tabun sarayin

39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r,

50v, 60r; ¯ir(u(an sarayin naiman šinede 38v; ¯ir(u(an sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v,

42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; dolo(an sarayin

qorin tabun-a 38v; dolo(an sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r,

47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e 38v;

naiman sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v,

48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e 38v; isün sarayin 39r,

39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r,

50v, 60r; arban sarayin arban dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e 38v; arban sarayin 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v,

60r; arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e 38v; arban nigen sarayin 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v,

60r; kögeler sarayin qorin dolon-a 39r; kögeler sarayin 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v; baras morin noqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v,

53v; taulai qonin (aqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v, 53v; luu beèin qulu(an-a sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v;

qulu(an-a luu beèin sarayin 53v; takiy-a üker mo(ai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v; üker mo(ai takiy-

a sarayin 53v; sarayin qo(osun 40r; dörben terigün sarayin 48v; dörben terigün sarayin

947
GLOSSARY

terigün-i qara 41r; dörben terigün sarayin mo(ai edür 48r; dörben terigün sarayin mör (arqu

kürdün ene bui 49r; dörben dumdadu sarayin 48v; dörben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-i qara 41r;

dörben dumdadu sarayin takiy-a edür 48r; dörben dumdadu sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui

49r; dörben eèüs sarayin 48v; dörben eèüs sarayin segül-i qara bui 41r; dörben eèüs sarayin

üker edür 48r; dörben eèüs sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r; Široi odun ekilegsen

sarayin 43r; Sara odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r; 'al odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r; Modun odun

ekilegsen sarayin 43r; nigen sarayin 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v; nigen sarayin mo(ai 48v [see qubi

sara]; 1 sarayin 50r; 2 sarayin 50r; 3 sarayin 50r; 4 sarayin 50r; 5 sarayin 50r; 6 sarayin 50r;

7 sarayin 50r; 8 sarayin 50r; 9 sarayin 50r; 10 sarayin 50r; 11 sarayin 50r; 12 sarayin 50r; qara

sarayin ¯asal 50v; tere sarayin qarši ¯üg qadqu sayin bui 50v; (abiy-a-tu sarayin šinede 52r;

yeke sarayin šinein (urban 53r; öèüken sarayin šinein qoyar 53r; baras beèin sarayin 53v;

taulai takiy-a sarayin 53v; luu noqai sarayin 53v; mo(ai (aqai sarayin 53v; qulu(an-a morin

sarayin 53v; üker qonin sarayin 53v; baras sarayin 53v; taulai sarayin 53v; luu sarayin 53v;

mo(ai sarayin 53v; morin sarayin 53v; qonin sarayin 53v; beèin sarayin 53v; takiy-a sarayin

53v; noqai sarayin 53v; (aqai sarayin 53v; qulu(an-a sarayin 53v; üker sarayin 53v; namurun

dumdadu sarayin 56v; qaburun eèüs sarayin 56v.

Sara(n) odun moon star, Sunday: 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 22r, 22r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45v, 45v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v.

948
GLOSSARY

sarayin (al fire of the moon; given in Cornu as "Fiery lunar days," these are days in which

no activity is to be undertaken (1997: 212); sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r.

sarayin qo(osun the empty days of the month (40r).

saras [pl. of sara]; months: qara saras-dur süm-e keyid bosqabasu 41r; saras-un yeke

öèüken 7r; qara sara-un 41r.

sasa a minature stupa; cf. Mostaert, DO, 565a; sasa deledbesü 42r.

sasa deledbesü if one molds a miniature stupa [out of clay] (42r).

sayid magnate, minister, dignitary: sayid-un ¯erge-dür oro(ulu(èi odun 33r, 33v.

sayin [adj. and n.]; good: 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r, 21v, 22r, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 24v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 30v,

31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 31r, 32r, 33r, 34r, 34r, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v,

35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r,

37r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r,

38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 39v, 41v, 41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r,

44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r,

46r, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v,

48v, 48v, 48v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v,

49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v,

949
GLOSSARY

52r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v,

55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v,

56v, 56v, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 59r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v,

61v, 61v; sayin boro(an 61r, 61r sayin buyan 1v; sayin ma(u aèi ür-e inu 4r; sayin ma(u-yi

belgelemui 8r, 9r, 10r; sayin ma(u-[y]i üjekü kürdün 21r, 49v; sayin ma(u-yi ügülsügei.34r;

uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r; dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral 45r; gara(-ud

kiged na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-yi 45v; üiles-ün sayin ma(u-yi ila(ayu 46r; odun ¯il

qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-yi il(a¯u 46r; ¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral

46v; na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v; ¯il sar-a

qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u 48r; Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba

sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün 49v; arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu

¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün 50r; arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü

kürdün 50v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu jüg-ün sayin ma(u-yi üjekü kürdün 50v; odud-

un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r; sayin burqan 29v.

sayin ma(u the good and the bad, i.e., results of a given action: sayin ma(u aèi ür-e inu

4r; sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r, 9r, 10r; sayin ma(u-[y]i üjekü kürdün 21r, 49v; sayin ma(u-

yi ügülsügei.34r; uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r; dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u

uèiral 45r; gara(-ud kiged na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-yi 45v; üiles-ün sayin ma(u-yi

950
GLOSSARY

ila(ayu 46r; odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-yi il(a¯u 46r; ¯il odun qoyar-un

sayin ma(u-yin uèaral 46v; na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i

ü¯ekü 46v; ¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u 48r; Nagajun-a ba(ši-

yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün 49v; arban

qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün 50r; arban qoyar edür èa(-un

sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu jüg-ün sayin ma(u-yi

üjekü kürdün 50v; odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r.

sebeg wicker basket: qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r.

seèig flower: qoyar odun-u düri inu ürgül¯i seèig metü bui 31r; seèig taribasu 36v; dabqur

seèig metü 59v.

seèig taribasu if one plants a flower (36v).

seèii flower: ¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi 15r.

seèin wise, intelligent: mergen ölöng aburitu seèin ba(atur dayisun-i daru(ad 25v; kümün-

e ergügdekü seèin bolu(ad 29r.

sedkil thought, idea, feeling, intellect, mind, conscience: süsüg sedkil egüske¯ü 4v;

quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r; qaram sedkil 27v; sedkil inu batu 29r; öröšiyekü sedkelügegüü

boluyu 29v; do(šid-un sedkil (angqui na(šidar 29v; sedkil inu ma(u 32r; sedkil bütükü 46v;

sedkil ¯obaqu 50r, 56r, 56v; sedkil ülü amuqu 58r; sedkil-dür ¯okis-tu bolumui 56v; öèügüken

sedkil-dü boluyu; (anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar 1v.

sedkil-dür ¯okis-tu bol- to be in conformity with our ideas (56v); see RRS, 98.

951
GLOSSARY

sedü- to plan, devise, think out: aliba üiles sedübesü ma(u bui 46v; üiles sedübesü 61r;

ülü sedükü 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ülü sedükü edür 47v.

seger nape of the neck: èa(an seger<i>tü qara noqai 22r.

següder shadow: nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an

qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu

¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; tegün-eèe ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkü edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi

següder (arumui 6r; nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-

du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r; ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkeküi-dür ni¯iged ni¯iged

qubi següder neme¯ü ¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür kürbesü nigen ¯il bolumui 6r; (a¯ar-dur

serigün següder una(ad 14r; küiten següder una¯u 16r; (urban šin-e arban nigen arban isün

qorin dolo(an tngri-yin següder sayin 49v; ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkeküi-dür ni¯iged

ni¯iged qubi següder neme¯ü ¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür kürbesü nigen ¯il bolumui 6r.

segül tail: dörben odun-u düri inu segül metü bui 30r; ükül-ün segül tasulbasu 32r; ükül-ün

segül ülü tasuriyu 34r; ükül-ün segül ülü tasuraqu ma(u 41r; dörben eèüs sarayin segül-i qara

bui 41r; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; segül inu örön-e 55r; segül inu umar-a 55r; segül inu

doron-a 55r; segül inu emün-e 55r; segül-dür köbegün olan bolqu 52v; segül-tür okin olan

52v; segül-tür yasun buu (ar(-a 55r; em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u (to(ola) 52v; mo(ai

segültü 55r.

sereküi consciousness: the 7th phase of the twelve links of dependent origination (šitün

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the monkey of the twelve animals: beèin sereküi

952
GLOSSARY

8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

serigün cool: (a¯ar-dur serigün següder una(ad 14r.

soddu quill feather: qong keriy-e-ü [=yin] soddu 60r.

so( ¯ariyan porcupine: so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün 60r.

solbi(san ¯iruqai cross: kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui

20r; solbi(san qara ¯iruqai 20v, 44v; tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui 20v.

sorbi scar, cicatrice, mark (of a wound, smallpox, etc.): ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v.

soyo(-a tusk: bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a 60r.

sön [Ch. sun (Mathews 5550)]; one of the eight trigrams: sön-dür uèira(san beri (arta(an

širbegel bari(san bui 54v.

sön-e ?: amatu sön-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r; yeke amatu sön-e-dür morin buu dobtul

33v.

söni night: söni 38v; nigen gšan-aèa ekile¯ü edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u 5r; edür söni

saèu(uu bolumui 5v; söni arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; edür söni qoyar-<y>i ulam ne¯iged

ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü ba 5v; ba(uraqu-bar edür söni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v; edür

¯ir(u(an èa( söni ¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u 5v; qoyar deb-dür edürsöni saèu(uu bolu(san 6r;

qoyar deb-dür edür söni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r; èün ¯un bolbasu qoyar sara-dur edür söni

teng šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r; Naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r;

edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r; edür qorin naiman qubi söni (uèin

qoyar qubi 9r, 17r; edür söni qubi saèu(u bol- 10r, 16r; edür (uèin qoyar qubi. söni qorin

953
GLOSSARY

naiman qubi 11r, 15r; edür (uèin dörben qubi. söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r; edür (uèin

¯ir(u(an qubi. söni qorin dörben qubi 13r; edür qorin dörben qubi. söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi

19r; èereg mordobasu söni düli-yin urida morda 24r; söni düli 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r,

40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42v, 42v; tong söni 42v; nigen edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu 6r;

(a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; nara šingge¯ü arban alqum

nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge [. . .] ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; edür

söni-yin èa( möèi-yin qubi 2v; edür söni-yin a(ur inu ¯ir(u(an tedüiken qubi bolumui 5v;

söni-yin düli 38v.

suba( ditch, trench, canal: suba( tatabasu 22r, 25v, 37r; usun suba( tatabasu 36r; suba(

¯asabasu 42r.

suba( ¯asabasu if one repairs a canal (42r).

suba( tatabasu if one digs a canal (22r, 25v, 37r).

subur(-a/subur(an [S. câitya; Tib. mchod-rten]; stupa; a burial mound or the image of

a burial mound which symbolically preserves the bodily charisma of Buddha Sâkyamuni; see

RRS, 101-103; šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; subur(-a

bosqabasu 23v, 25r, 26r, 30r, 31v, 32r; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i

oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v; subur(-a baribasu 42v; doro(ši qandu(sun

subur(-a 45r; subur(an metü 59v.

subur(-a baribasu if one builds a stupa (42v).

subur(-a bosqabasu if one erects a stupa (23v, 25r, 26r, 30r, 31v, 32r).

954
GLOSSARY

sudur [S. sûtra]; sutra; book: burqan-u nomla(san sudur dand’ris kiged ilang(uy-a Èa(-un

kürdün 2r; na(šidar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v; sudur-nu(ud beèibesü 21v; sudur-tur 4r;

Kitad-un Lii-du ting sang neretü sudur-dur 2v; Nagajun-a ba(ši terigüten merged Èa(-un

kürdün terigüten sudur-tur nomla¯uqui 3r; arilu(san-u to(-a inu busu sudur-ud-tur nomla¯uqui

2r; olan sudur-un ta(alal 4r.

sui [Ch. shui]; water; [see yuu sui]; ene on ¯uu sui 7r.

sumun arrow: tas ödütü sumun-dur isün ¯üil öngge-dü keb-üd-i uya¯u 32v; mergen kümün-

ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu 5r.

sun-a ?; [compare sön-e??]: yeke sun-a odun 59r.

sura( news, information: teyimü nigen kümün sura( ügülemüi 22v

sur(a- to teach; train: erdem sur(abasu 11r, 25r, 31r, 31v, 32r; morin sur(abasu 21v, 28r,

31r, 34v; bièig to(-a sur(abasu 22v; una(an sur(abasu 23r, 32r; uqa(an sur(abasu 23v; bièig

to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v; bièig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r; üker sur(abasu 28v; ¯a(al

morin sur(abasu 29r; bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin 56v.

suu ¯ali spirit protector; genius: su¯ali-yu(an taki¯u 21v; suu ¯ali-yu(an taki- 22r, 23v, 24r,

24v, 25v, 28v.

suu ¯ali-yu(an takibasu if one makes an offering to one’s own spirit protector (25v, 28v).

Suvadi/Suvad’i [S. Svâti]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Suvadi 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 53r, 59r, 59v/Suvad’i 12v, 21r; Suvadi na(šidar

kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi na(šidar bui 28v; nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi

955
GLOSSARY

Suvadi buyu 33v; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Suvadi ma(u 37v;

šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür inu. [. . .] Široi odun Suvadi qoyar 45r; Ašivani

BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar

bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvad’i eden (al bui 61r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Suvadai [. . .] odun sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Suvadai

[. . .] sayin 55v; Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai Šuša( Anurad Udarisad Abaji Širvan Tanis

Ašivani ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r; em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [.

. .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 56r; bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu.

[. . .] Suvadai [. . .] sayin 56v; Pus Suvadi Rivad’i Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu

kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san

naiman na(šidar bui. [. . .] emüne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar 60v; Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan

Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v.

süèing ?; a celestial palace: süèing kemekü edür mör (arbasu dumda 49v.

süke ax: Mig na(šidar kemebesü süke-dür adali bui.

Sümber a(ul-a [S. Sumeru]; Mt. Sumeru; the mythological mountain in the center of the

world in Buddhist cosmology; Sümber a(ul-a 32v, 38v, 55r; Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar

to(ori(èi odun 32v, 32v.

süm-e temple, monastery, shrine: süm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu

sayin edür 37r; süm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu

25r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; süm-e keyid ba

956
GLOSSARY

subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v; süm-e baribasu 31v,

47v; süm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v.

süm-e baribasu if one builds a temple (31v, 47v).

süm-e keyid monastery: süm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür

37r; süm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r; süm-e

keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a

burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v; süm-e baribasu 31v, 47v;

süm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v.

süm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu if one erects a monastery or stupa (25r).

süm-e keyid baribasu if one builds a monastery (21v).

süm-e keyid bosqabasu if one erects a monastery (24r, 41v, 44v).

süm-e subur(-a baribasu if one builds a temple or stupa (42v).

sünesü(n) the animating principle; spirit; soul: ra(šas-un sünesün na(šidar bui 25v;

ariyatan-u sünesün na(šidar 27v; emegen-ü sünesün na(šidar 31v; üküger-ün sünesün

tülebesü 35v; (a¯ar-un sünesü 58v, 58v.

süng [Ch. song/sung (Mathews 5565); an asterism comprising one star; it represents the

state of Sung, situated to the east of the modern province of Hunan; Schlegel gives it as 0

Serpens (Schlegel, 1967: 537); Staal gives it as 0 Ophiuchi (Staal, 1984: 135); (cf. also TU,

899): süng kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49v.

sür majesty; majestic; might; mighty: isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür

kemekü na(šidar bui 25r; ada(usun(-u) sür dalalbasu 31r, 46v.

957
GLOSSARY

sürèi- to gild: altan buu sürèi 35r.

sürüg herd: adu(usun sürüg sal(abasu 35v.

sürügle- to herd: ada(usun sürüglebesü 21v, 32r; adu(usun-i sürüglebesü 37r; qoni

yama(-a sürüglebesü 31v; adu(usun sal(an sürüglebesü 36r; mal sürüglebesü 37r.

süsüg piety; pious: süsüg sedkil egüske¯ü 4v.

šabi [Ch. shami (Mathews 5606.b.1); S. çramanera]; disciple; pupil, student; novice:

šabinar üge-dür duralayu 27r.

šabšu ?: šabšu kiged-ün ¯üg buu yabu 53r.

ša(šabad [S. çikshâ-pada]; rules of religious life, especially for monks; vow to keep these

rules (Lessing, 748); ša(šabad tegüldür (bolu¯u) 28r, 29r; toyin bolbasu ša(šabad-iyan

alda(ad 27r; ša(šabad-iyan ebdekü 29v; toyin bolbasu šagšabud-iyan yoso(ar sakiqu bolu(ad

56v.

ša(šabad-iyan ebde- to violate one’s vow (29v); see the story of Kumârasena of Kashmir,

famous as the monk who violated his vow (Vogel, 1969: 64).

ša¯a(ai/ša(a¯a(ai magpie: ula(an ša¯a(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r; ula(an ša¯a(ai kemekü ma(u edür 48r; ula(an ša¯a(ai mör (arbasu ma(u 49r; keriy-e

ba ša(a¯a(ai: kegübesü sayin bui 57r.

šaji [Ch. hsia zhi]; the summer solstice (see Mathews, 2521.18 (p. 372)); nara umar-a ¯üg

odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür 6r; edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6v.

šara yellow: ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r;

šara kiiri bari¯u 23r; šara öèüken kümün qula(u¯u amui 24r; šara široi-du (a¯ar-a ni(u¯u amu

958
GLOSSARY

24r; šara kegeri bari¯u 24v; šara debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r; šara ötege 59r; šara šiba(un

59r; šara quma( 60r; šara ula(an quma( 60r; šara-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü 23r.

šara sar-a yellow moon: ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-

a bui 20r.

šara ötege yellow bear (59r).

šara šiba(un yellow bird (59r).

šar(-a light bay, i.e. horse color: šar(-a 52v.

sarid [?=šarid] deledbesü, ? if one beats penitence, i.e., practices flagellation (28v).

šarq-a wound: yar-a šarq-a bolqu 50r.

šastir [S. çâstra]; treatise: šastir medegèid-e ma(u 30v; Kitad-un šastir-aèa uqa(daqui 2r;

Manjušari-aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; (aru(san šastir-tur

bertegèin köbegün üiles üiledkü bögesü 2r; Kitad to(alaqui šastir-tur 2r.

šibad ?birds; tentative rendering of sibad > siba[(u]d. Perhaps the term sibad refers to

"hermaphrodites." In Sárözi's BTD there is saba "hermaphrodite," 8774. That with a plural

d, and an i in the first syllable instead of the a in order to distinguish the word from saba

"container" gives this reading; šibad-un qurim kibesü 44r.

?šibad-un qurim kibesü ?if one holds a feast for the birds (44r).

šiba(ud [pl. of šiba(un]; birds: ¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] qamu( šiba(ud iremüi 10r.

šiba(un bird: ¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] eliy-e šiba(un qošiyalamui 9r; ¯a(ur-a kökeg[e] šiba(un

dong(oddumui 11r; ¯a(ur-a kökege<g> šiba(un emüneši qarimui 14r; ¯a(ur-a kir(a(ul

šiba(un ¯ul¯a(lamui 13r; ¯a(ura ularu šiba(un qoršiyalamui 15r; qarèa(ai šiba(un taulai

959
GLOSSARY

bari¯u tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; ¯a(ur-a usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u qa(dalamui 17r; ¯a(ur-a

salbar šiba(un öndegelemüi 18r; takiy-a kegür¯igen-e šiba(un öndegelemüi 19r; qamu(

šiba(un tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui 15r; šiba(un ¯igürtü kimusutu 55r; šiba(un metü 59v;

šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i]tüimeriddügèi odun ali bui 33r; šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i]

(al-dur tüimeriddügèi Rivadi buyu 33v; šara šiba(un-u 59r.

šidar [S. sitâr fr. Per.]; sitar; Indian lute; šidar tatabasu 28v

šidar tatabasu if one plays the sitar (28v).

šidi/šid’i [S. siddhi; Mong. translated by various forms of bütü-]; magic, supernatural

power, certain mundane and supernatural gifts of which often eight are enumerated (Lessing,

698); cf. also RRS (652-653); Waddell, (141); Poppe (1967: 84); the Mongolian translation

of the Kâlacakra, using the transcription system of Ayushi Gushi, gives šiddhi (KOT 127,

passim); the transcription in the manual follows the older Mongolian method derived from

Uygur (Poppe 1967: 30, passim); Anurad-du degedü šidi olqu boluyu 38r; qoyar široi

uèirabasu šid’i bütüküy-yin uèaral 45v; šidi bütüküy-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü 45v.

šigürde- to catch fish by groping for them in the water: ¯i(asun šigürdebesü 36v.

šigüsü a kind of broth made from the head of an animal, usually a sheep, which is then

boiled and served to a person of honor, or used in ritual; see Mostaert, DO, 638; èa(an Qonin

šigüsü-ber takibaèu ülü oyišiyamu keme¯üküi 60v.

ši¯im cord, string, twine: öröne umara-yin ši¯im odun 59r.

šiker [Pers. šakar; S. çarkara]; sugar: šingqun. šiker qangla(ur terigüten 50v.

šilige splinter; (see Mostaert, DO, 616b (šilge)): šilige buu (ar(a 34r.

960
GLOSSARY

šilu(un honest: šilu(un ön<e>gge ¯ögelen odun 59r; köbegün töröbesü šilu(un aburitu

bolu(ad 61v.

šim [Ch. ren/jen (Mathews 3100)]; the 9th heavenly stem; the Mongolian transcription

reflects the Middle Chinese pronunciation of the term, which had a final -m; for the same

transcription in the Uygur Turfan documents, see Rachmati, 304: ding šim yile 7v; ding šim

edür 7v; šim baras sara 7v; šim baras èa( 7v; šim luu sara 7v; šim luu èa( 7v; šim morin sara

7v; šim morin èa( 7v; šim beèin sara 7v; šim beèin èa( 7v; šim noqai sara 7v; šim noqai èa(

7v; šim qulu(an-a ; šim qulu(an-a sara 7v; šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v; šim güi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r,

52r, 52r.

šimnus/šim[n]us/šilmus/šimu [S. Mâra; Tib. Bdud;] demon, demons; in Buddhism the

šimnus demons are associated with The Evil One, The Tempter; originally the term comes to

the Mongols through Uigur šmnu from Sogdian (Christian) šmnû, meaning "demon, evil

spirit" (Lessing, 710, 1183; cf. also Poppe 1967: 36, 37, 63, passim); Pozdneyev describes

them as follows: simnus, or silmu(s), T. bdud, from S. úama, tranquility, and nâúa,

destruction. These are spirits which entangle one in a web of passion and try to involve them

in sins to shake their faith. They are instigators of sensual enjoyment, rulers of the samsara,

adversaries of nirvana. There are four kinds: those of heaven which instigate lasciviousness;

those of the body which bring ignorance; those of the spirit which cause anger; and those of

the king of death which promote avarice (RRS 645); burqan šim[n]us kiged ¯ir(u(an teryinar-

i nomo(adqa¯u 8r; šim[n]us-i ila(u(san edürün belge inu qara nara bui 20r; šim[n]us-un

edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala(

961
GLOSSARY

debisker bui 20v; ber'i ba(ul(abasu üdebesü šimnus-un qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui 27v;

šim[n]us bütügebesü 28r; Èista na(šidar kemebesü šim[n]us-un na(šidar bui 29v; (a¯ar

ködelbesü tngri šim[n]us èögen bolumui 32r; dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui 38v; qamu(-i ügeyiregülügèi qara šimu kememü 42v; tngri šilmus (adqulduqui

edür kemebesü 43r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui

45r; šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür 45r; beri-yin dörben šilmus kemebesü dayiwang

tayiqu šitügen eke. lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52r; usun-dur

alda(san šimnus-un odun 59r; görögeèin šimnus-un odun 59r.

šin/šing [Ch. xin/hsin (Mathews 2739)]; the 8th Heavenly stem: šin 52r; bing šin yile 7v;

šin taulai sara 7v; šin mo(ai sara 7v; šin qonin sara 7v; šin takiy-a sara 7v; šin (aqai sara 7v;

šin üker sara 7v; bing šin edür 7v; šin taulai èa( 7v; šin mo(ai èa( 7v; šin qonin èa( 7v; šin

takiy-a èa( 7v; šin (aqai èa( 7v; šin üker èa( 7v; ging šin<g> 41r/ging šin 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r,

52r.

šin-e/šini [Uy. yangï]; 1. new; 2. the first; used in calendars after each of the first ten days,

indicating the first part of the month (Rachmati 1972: 291; Kara 1994 201): šin-e nabèi 3r;

šin-e debel 4v, 21v, 25r, 28v, 29v, 32r, 34r, 56r; šin-e ger 22r, 23r, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26v, 28v,

35r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 37r, 47v; šin-e qa(al(-a 22r, 48r; šin-e (a¯ar 24r, 61r; šin-e mala(-a

34v, 57r; šin-e er-e em-e 35r; šin-e beri 35r; šin-e ong(oèa 35v, 36r, 36v; šin-e kebtešin 35v,

36r, 36v, 36v; šin-e körge 36r; šin-e širigen 36v; sarayin šin-e 37v; šin-e nutuglabasu 41v; šin-

e nutu( 43r; šin-e kümün 53v; šin-e asaraqu 53v; šin-e širegen sandali 58r; nigen šin-e 8v, 9v,

10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r,

962
GLOSSARY

47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v; qoyar šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; (urban šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 43v, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50v;

dörben šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v; tabun šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v,

19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r; ¯ir(u(an šin-

e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44v, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v; dolo(an šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50r, 50v; naiman šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 40r, 41v,

43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56v; isün šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r,

47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 54r; arban šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; nigen šinede 2r, 7r,

17r, 40r; (urban šinede 44r; dörben šinede 14r; tabun šinede 40r; ¯ir(u(an šinede 38v, 44r;

dolo(an šin-e-de/šinede/šinide 8r, 11r, 51v; naiman šinede 38v, 38v, 39v, 44r, 56v; isün

šinede 40r; sarayin šinede 37r, 37v, 52r; ¯ir(u(an sar-a-yi šin-e-dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu 3v;

dörben šini-eèe arban tabun kürtel-e 13r; isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e; šinein

nigen 41v; šinein/šin-e-yin qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 53r, 56v; šinein/šin-e-yin (urban 37v, 37v,

38r, 43r, 53r, 56v; šinein dörben 38r, 44v; šinein/šin-e-yin tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 56v;

963
GLOSSARY

šinein ¯ir(u(an 38r, 38r; šinein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r; šinein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v,

41v, 43r; šinein isün 39v, 41v; šinein/šin-e-yin arban 38r, 38r, 56v.

šin-e asaraqu kümün concubine: Mostaert states that sin-e asaraqu kümün is a

euphemism for a concubine (MMAD, 46, n. 106): šin-e kümün 53v; šin-e asaraqu 53v.

šin-e beri abubasu if one takes a new bride (35r).

šin-e debel abubasu if one receives a new robe (25r).

šini debel emüsbesü if one wears a new robe (21v, 28v, 34r, 56r).

šin-e debel ¯okiyabasu if one makes a new robe (32r).

šin-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu if a new couple unites (35r).

šin-e (a¯ar il(abasu if one analyzes a new place (61r).

šin-e ger abubasu if one acquires a new dwelling (29v).

šin-e ger ba qota ¯asabasu if one repairs a new dwelling or city wall (25r).

šin-e ger baribasu if one builds a new dwelling (24r, 35r).

šin-e ger-tür orobasu if one enters a new dwelling (22r, 23r, 25v, 26v, 28v, 36r, 36r, 36v,

37r, 37r, 47v).

šin-e ger-dür orobasu negübesü if one moves into a new home (37r, 37r).

šin-e körge tatabasu if one works a pump; if one pumps a bellows (36r).

šin-e nutuglabasu if one settles down in a new place (41v).

šin-e ong(oèa usun-a oro(ulbasu if one launches a new boat (36r, 36v).

šin-e qa(al(-a baribasu if one builds a new doorway (22r).

964
GLOSSARY

šinele- to celebrate the New Year: Baras sara-yi qubi sara bol(a¯u šinelegsen-eèe ekilen

to(ola¯u 2v; Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u šinelekü bolai 2v; ¯il ur(uqui-yin

terigün-dür šinelekü inu 3r; šineleküi sara 2r; šin-e nabèi èuquyiqui-dur šinelemüi 3r;

Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi 3r; Mig sar-a-i qaburun

terigün sar-a bol(a¯u šinelemüi 3r; [Jayitari] sara-i Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯il-ün terigün bol(an

šinelemüi 10r.

šingge- to set, i.e., the sun: nara šingge¯ü 6v; nara šinggeküi (èa() 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r,

42r.

šingpüng/šingbüng [Tib. zin p'ung]; a kind of genius loci (cf. Waddell 458); šingpüng

güikü edür 20v, 53v; qara šingpüng güiküi anu 42r; qara šingpüng-ün yabudal kemebesü 42r;

qara šingpüng-yin belge inu qara zi üsüg bui 42v.

Šingq-a sari ?[personal name]; ?the lion throne; perhaps the famous Uygur translator of the

10th century, Sïngqu-a Säli Tutung (cf. Elverskog and Zieme); perhaps an epithet of Buddha,

bandida šigqua sari “the teacher on the lion throne;” tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida Šingq-a

sari ügüler-ün 1v.

šingqun [S. sindura]; vermillion, red ink; red or purple varnish: šingqun 50v.

šintara- to become blunted: mandal kibesü šintarayu 42r.

širad ?yellow things; sarad [=širad]-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü 24v.

širbegel a conical metal casing worn on the end of the braids on both sides of a married

woman’s breast: sön-dür uèira(san beri (arta(an širbegel bari(san bui 54v; tegünü (artur

nigen širbegel bari(ul¯u 54v.

965
GLOSSARY

širege(n) table, desk, throne, seat; alter: šin-e širigen oro ¯asabasu 36v; oron-u širige

baribasu 37r; širegen sandali deger-e ülü sa(uqu 58r.

šin-e širigen oro ¯asabasu if one repairs a new throne (36v).

šir(ol¯i ants: šir(ol¯i terigüten amitan degde¯ü o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r.

širge- to evaporate: usun širgeyü 30r.

širid/širad ?relics; reliquary; the forms here are closer to šarid “penitence, abstinence” than

to šaril “holy relics”, but the context of the entries, i.e., the verbal forms to which they are

objects, as well as their association with the terms subur(an and qubil(an in adjoining

auspices, seems to indicate the latter meaning; see RRS, 165, 366; širad kibesü 23v; širid-ün

ger baribasu 26v.

širad kibesü ?if one makes a reliquary/mummy (23v).

širid-ün ger ?an idol temple; cf. RRS, 366-367; širid-ün ger baribasu 26v.

širid-ün ger baribasu ? if one builds the building (idol temple) for a reliquary/mummy

(26v).

širo(ai dirt: ong(od-i takibasu širo(ai-dur adali 48r.

široi earth; one of the four elements; one of the five elements; the planet Saturn; Saturday:

široi 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v, 21v, 45v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; Široi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v. 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v,

966
GLOSSARY

52r, 53r, 55v, 56r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u nigen šinede Široi odun-iyar

ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi

terigüten Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v; Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü

(a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( büküy-yin tula. yeke erketü široy-yin èinar buyu 24r; Široi odun kücün

tegüs-ün èa( 24r; isün adqu široi 22r; isün doboèa( široi 23v; široi ködelgebesü 42r; qoyar

široi uèirabasu šidei bütüküi-yin uèaral 45v; usu široi qoyar uèarabasu egüride aqu-yin uèiral

46r; široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r; (al široi qoyar uèarabasu tüleküi-yin

uèiral 46r; šara široi-du (a¯ar 24r; Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara(

büküy-yin tula. yeke erketü široy-yin èinar buyu 24r; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad

Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v.

široi ködelgebesü if one moves earth (42r).

Široi odun Saturn; Saturday: Široi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v. 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v,

52r, 53r, 55v, 56r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u nigen šinede Široi odun-iyar

ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi

terigüten Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v; Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü

(a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( büküy-yin tula. yeke erketü široy-yin èinar buyu 24r; Široi odun kücün

tegüs-ün èa( 24r.

967
GLOSSARY

Širvan/Širvang/Širavan [S. Ðravan}a]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Širvan 9v, 10v,

[11v], 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 45v, 48v, 55v, 56r/Širvang 8v, 12v,

21r, 44v, 59r, 59v/Širavan 56v; Širvan na(šidar kemebesü basar belèid-ün na(šidar bui 30v;

Burvabalguni Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui 60v; dörben belbesün odun kemebesü

Kerteg Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan kiged buyu 61r; Asli( Šuša( Širvan Barani eden široi-yin

èinar buyu 61r; Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-

tan buyu 61v.

šita- to burn: tüimer šitaqu 60r.

šitü- to rely upon, have faith in something: qamtudqui-yin ¯ir(u(an qubi-dur šitü¯ü 2r.

šitün barildaqui [S. pratîtyasamutpâda/nidâna; Tib. rten-‘brel]; dependent origination;

commonly written as sitün barildul(-a; there are twelve terms; in the manual they are said to

have been composed according to the custom created by Nâgârjuna from the tantra of

Cakrasambara (2v); they are given as follows: 1. mungqa( (S. avidyâ; Tib. ma-rig-pa); 2.

üiledküi (S. samskârah karmâh; Tib. ‘du-byed; Mong. quran üiledküi); 3. medeküi (S. vijñâna;

Tib. rnam-par ses-pa; teyin medeküi); 4. ner-e öngge/öngge ni(ur (S. nâmarûpa; Tib. ming-

tan-gzugs); 5. ¯ir(u(an orod (S. úadâyatana, Tib. skye-mè’ed drug; Mong. törön tügeküi); 6.

kürteküi (S. sparúa; Tib. reg-pa); 7. sereküi (S. vedanâ, Tib. cor-ba. Mong. medereküi); 8.

qurièaqui (S. trsna; Tib. sred-ba); 9. abqui (upâdâna; Tib. len-ba; Mong. èiqula abqui); 10.

bolqui (S. bhava; Mong. sansar); 11. töröküi (S. jâti; Tib. skye-ba); 12. ötelküi üküküi (S.

jarâmarana; Tib. rgad-si); see RRS, 127-133; Lessing, 1183 (where it is given as sitün

968
GLOSSARY

barildul(-a); KOT 84; and Cornu,. 41-46; šitün barildaqui üiles 1v; arban qoyar šitün

barildaqui 2v, 2v.

šitügen [S. âdhâra; Tib. gzhi]; 1. basis, foundation; “potentiality”; qono(-un (urban ¯üil

il(al terigüten-i medegdekü-yin šitügen 2r; 2. an object of veneration; šitügen eke 8r, 14r, 52r;

šitügen-ü eke 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 53r; burqan šitügen šinidkebesü

24r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; šitügen-dür qutu(

oroši(ulbasu 38r, 43v; šitügen bayi(ulqui 45v; burqan-u šitügen egüdbesü 46v.

šitügen-dür qutu( oroši(ulbasu if one blesses an object of veneration (38r, 43v).

šitügen-ü eke/šitügen eke mother of the sitügen (8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r, 52r, 53r); perhaps this refers to Târâ, who is described as “a mother . . . on

whom her devotees can rely for help” (Beyer 1973: 55); cf. also Waddell, 434-437. The term

eke-yin šitügen is commonly found in the Kâlacakra and other sources (KOT 56).

šiu [1. Ch. qiu/ch’iu (Mathews 1227)]; autumn, fall; 2. [Ch. shou (Mathews 5837); Mong.

quriya(èi]; to gather in, put away; the 10th of the twelve lords of the day: Qoyar sara-dur edür

söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r; Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi.

kemen ungšimui 35v; šiu quriya(èi edür 36v.

Šuša(/Suša( [S. Viúâkhâ]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Šuša( 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 52r, 61r/Suša( 8v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-

un kürdün-dür qaburun eèüs Šuša( sara 11r; Suša( sar-a terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du

na(šidar-un neres-iyer nereyidkü 3v; o(tar(ui-dur Šuša( na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r; Šuša(

na(šidar kemebesü (ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar bui 29r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin

969
GLOSSARY

edür kemebesü [. . .] Šuša( ma(u 37v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal

uèiral bolai. [. . .] Usun odun Šuša( qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi

uèaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .] Saran odun Šuša( qoyar 45r; Kerteg Barani Šuša(Burvabadaribad

Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v; Asli( Šuša( Širvan Barani

eden široi-yin èinar buyu 61r; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Šuša( [. . .] sayin

55v; debel emüskü sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Šuša( [. . .] sayin 56r; bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba

oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu [. . .] Šuša( [. . .] sayin 56v; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta

Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin 56v; Šuša( Ašuvani Mig

Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; Kerteg Šuša( qoyar èing böged ¯ögelen obo(-tan buyu

61v.

tabèang [S. sâna; Tib. gdan; Mong. debisker]; throne; dias; see RRS, 78; tabèang baribasu

23r.

tabèang baribasu if one builds a throne (23r).

tabu(n) five: tabun 37v, 40r, 56v, 56v, 60r, 60r, 60v; tabun oron 1v; tabun gara( 2r; tabun

¯üil 3v; tabun šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v. 19v, 39r, 39v,

40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r; Tabun sara 12r, 12r, 37v,

38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 50v; tabun kümün 22r, 24r, 26v, 43r; tabun edür 22r; tabun quya(-du kümün 23v; tabun

odun 25v, 28r, 30v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 61r; šin-e-yin (šinein) tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 53r, 53r,

56v; tabun dakini 49v; tabun qalqala(èi 60r; tabun maqabud 61r; tabun-a 38r, 55v.

970
GLOSSARY

tabun dakini the five d}~kin§ (49v); these are: 1. Bajar dagini = Vajra (thunderbolt) d}~kin§;

2. Radn-a dagini = Ratna (jewel) d}~kin§; 3. Badm-a dagini = Padma (lotus) d}~kin§; 4. Garm-a

dagini = Karma (action) d}~kin§; and 5. Buda dagini = Buddha (wisdom) d}~kin§; cf. Beyer,

45; ODT, 44, 53; Loewe and Blacker, eds., 1981, 23.

tabun gara( the five planets, i.e., Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. The reference

in the text might be to sections of the Kâlacakra sources which treat the five planets. An

example of this would be Kâlacakratantra I,40-I,49(1), which describes "the movement of

the five planets", cf. Schuh, 25; tabun gara( 2r.

tabun ¯üil five items; the lustrum; after five solar years of 366 days, the sun and moon have

completed a nearly whole number of sidereal revolutions, the former 5, the latter 67; over that

period they have come into conjunction 62 times, for which reason a lustrum comprises 62

synodic months, each reckoned at 29 16/31 solar days but artificially divided into 30 lunar

days (Vogel, 232-233); Dülb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(èin kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü

ta(alal inu tabun ¯üil bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v.

tabun maqabud the five elements (61r).

tabun oron the five sciences; Buddhist sciences are categorized into five major disciplines,

grammar, logic, metaphysics, medicine, and craftsmanship (art) and five minor sciences,

mathematics (astrology), poetics, prosody, synonymics and drama (Lessing, 1180; TEDP, 11);

tabun oron 1v.

tabun qalqala(èi five protectors, talismans: 1. the quill feather of a raven (qong keriy-e-ü

[=yin] soddu); 2. the shell of a turtle (yasutu menekei-yin kürmeli); 3. the spine of a porcupine

971
GLOSSARY

(so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün); 4. the horn of an antelope (orong(u-yin eber); 5. the tusk of a wild

boar (bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a): tabun qalqala(èi ede kemebesü. qong keriy-e-ü [=yin]

soddu. yasutu menekei-yin kürmeli. so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün. orong(u-yin eber. bodong (aqay-

yin soyo(-a. ede tabun bui 60r.

Tabun sara the fifth month: 12r, 12r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v.

tabun šin-e the fifth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v,

18v. 19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r; šin-e-

yin (šinein) tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 53r, 53r, 56v.

taèiya- to have ardent desire: ülü taèiyan gerte oro(ulbasu 53r.

taèiyang(ui passion; passionate; lust; lustful: köbegün töröbesü taèiyang(ui yeke

na(adum èinggeldüküi-dür duratai bolumui 28v; köbegün töröbesü qaram yeke biligtü

taèiyang(ui ügei öèügüken sedkil-dü boluyu 31r.

ta(ala(èin adherents, i.e., of a school of thought: Dülb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(èin kiged

usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal 3v.

ta(alal [S. siddhânta; Tib. grub mtha’]; tenet, set of tenets of a school: ta(alal 4r; Dülb-a-

yin yosu-yi ta(ala(èin kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal 3v; Nagajuna-yin ta(alal

3v; Nagajuna terigüten degedü merged-ün ta(alal 4r; degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur

qaburun terigün Baras sar-a-dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e. Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügey-

yin tula-da qorin isün bitegüü bolumui 3r; okin töröbesü (ayiqamši( oyun-a ta(alal-du boluyu

26r.

972
GLOSSARY

ta(ari- to cut short, e.g., the nails: kimusu ta(aribasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v.

taki wild horse: ¯egeren taki qošiyalamui 18r.

taki- to offer, make sacrifice: takil beledèü talbi(ad tngri (a¯ar-yi taki 32v; burqan buu taki

34v; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r; burqan tngri buu taki 48r; aman-a (a¯ar usun-i

taki 55v; busu edür-e èa(an qonin šigüsü-ber takibaèu ülü oyišiyamu keme¯üküi 60v; burqan-i

takibasu 21v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 28v, 29r, 30r; aliba burqan-i takibasu 22v; burqan takibasu 23r,

24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29v, 29v, 31r, 32r, 34r, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r; (al takil takibasu

21v, 31v, 35r; (al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v; (al takibasu 35v, 35v, 36v, 37r; suu ¯ali-

yu(an takibasu 25v, 28v; quvara(-i takibasu 26v; bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v;

erketen-i takibasu 27v; takil ba abišig talbibasu 28r; busud-i takibasu 30r; (a¯ar-un e¯in-i

takibasu 34v; naiman ayima(-ud-yi takibasu 35r; tngri (a¯ar-<y>i takibasu 35r; ong(od-i

takibasu 35v; tngri ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; tngri-yi takibasu 36v;

(a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; (a¯ar usun e¯id-i takibasu 39v; burqan tngri ong(od-

i takibasu 48r; su¯ali-yu(an taki¯u 21v; suu ¯ali-yu(an takiju 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; èa(-un takil-

iyar taki¯u 38v; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; ed-ün tngri takiqui 45v; burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r;

degedüs-yi takiqui 61r.

takil [S. pûjâ; Tib. mchod pa]; offering; sacrifice: takil ögbesü 8r; (al takil takibasu 21v,

31v, 35r; (al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v; (al-un takil üiledbesü 34v; takil ba abišig

talbibasu 28r; aliba takil üiledbesü 31v; ögdešiküy-yin takil ögbesü 31v; takil beledèü talbi(ad

tngri (a¯ar-yi taki 32v; usun takil ögküi 45v; takil-<y>i beledèü 32v; èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u

38v.

973
GLOSSARY

takil ögbesü if one gives an offering (8r).

takil ba abišig talbibasu if one offers a sacrifice or consecration (28r).

takin-a [v. taki- + suff. na (Poppe, 1974: 58, §213)]; sacrificially: (urban to(-a kiged-<y>i

ari(un takin-a yamparèilan uqa(ulqui anu 1v.

takir no(èi kümün crippled person (33v).

takiy-a cock; chicken: Takiy-a sara 3v, 15r, 15r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Takiy-a ¯il 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; takiy-a ¯ilten 24r,

54v; küi takiy-a sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a sara 7v; gi takiy-asara 7v; šin takiy-a

sara 7v; küi takiy-a èa( 7v; ii takiy-a èa( 7v; ding takiy-a èa( 7v; gi takiy-a èa( 7v; šin takiy-

a èa( 7v; takiy-a (a¯ar 8r; takiy-a qurièaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v;

Takiy-a edür 9r, 9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 56r, 56r, 58r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; takiy-a kegür¯igen-e šiba(un öndegelemüi 19r; Takiy-a èa( 42r,

50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v; takiy-a ülü alaqu 58r; Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma( 60r.

Takiy-a èa( 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v; küi takiy-a èa( 7v; ii takiy-a èa( 7v;

ding takiy-a èa( 7v; gi takiy-a èa( 7v; šin takiy-a èa( 7v.

Takiy-a edür 9r, 9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 56r, 56r, 58r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r,

974
GLOSSARY

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; takiy-a qurièaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

Takiy-a (a¯ar Cock place (8r).

Takiy-a ¯il Cock year: 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r,

54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; takiy-a ¯ilten 24r, 54v.

Takiy-a sara Cock month: 3v, 15r, 15r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; küi takiy-a sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a

sara 7v; gi takiy-asara 7v; šin takiy-a sara 7v.

tal-a steppe: (a¯ar tal-a ödken èasun bolumui 19r.

tama(-a seal; brand: dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r;

tama(-a èi(ul(abasu 36r; dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a-dur sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v.

tama(-a èi(ul(abasu if one gathers seals (36r).

tamu hell: qoyin-a tamu-dur unamu 32r.

tan honored ones, i.e., those of rank, to whom tan is used as an honorific pearll: dörben

tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r.

tana- [=tanu-] to reduce in size; shorten: qa(uèin debel buu tan-a [=tanu] 34v.

tang(ari( oath: tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( kememüi 22v.

Tanista/Tanis/Tanisa [S. Dhanis}t}h~]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Tanista 8v, 8v,

9v, 10v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 17v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 59r, 59v/Tanis 11v, 16v, 18v, 19v, 53r;

Tanista na(šidar 31r; kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi Tanis buyu 33v;

qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

975
GLOSSARY

tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Tanista qoyar 45r; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui. [. . .]Široi odun Tanista qoyar 45r;

Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui

45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden usun bui 61r; mör

(arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [.

. .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v; [. . .] Tanis [. . .] ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r; em

neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .]Tanista [. . .] sayin 56r; Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista

¯i(ulèin odun bui. ¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v; öber-ün odun kemebesü [. . .] Anurad Tanisa

qoyar [. . .] 60v; Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü

obo(-tan buyu 61v.

taqul plague; epidemic: üsün kir(abasu ebedèin taqul bolqu 57v; qulu(an-a qa¯abasu

ebedèin taqul bolqu 57v.

tarba(-a marmot: tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-eèe ülü (arumui 18r.

tar(ul- to fatten up: morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u 12r.

tari- to sow, plant: tariyan buu tari 33v; modun taribasu 22r, 32r, 35r; modun èièig taribasu

35v, 36r; tariyan taribasu 24v, 27v, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v; tariyan

ceèig taribasu 36v, 36v; tariyan modun taribasu 37r, 47v; qadatu (a¯ar-tur taribasu 35v;

tariyan tariqu sayin edür 55v.

tariyala- to cultivate the soil: tariyan tariyalabasu 10r.

tariyalang arable land; field: tariyalang-un (a¯ar qudalduqui . . .üiles 45v.

976
GLOSSARY

tariyaèin 1. farmer; peasant; tariyaèin-u ebesü tegüküi èa( 12r; 2. the Chinese peasant

calendar (Ch. nongli); the calendar of the twenty-four joints and breath, which gives the

changes in climate necessary for farmers to plant and harvest their crops. See Palmer, T'ung

Shu, 64; tariyaèin-dur 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

tariyan grain; crop: tariyan 26v; degedü amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(èid 1v; ür-e

tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r; tariyan-u köröngge (ajar oroba 10r; tariyan-dur

köröngge orkibasu 46v; tariyan tariyalabasu 10r; tariyan-u üile üiledbesü 14r; qamu( šiba(un

tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui 15r; qamu( tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r; qamu( tariyan

tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r; tariyan saèubasu 22r, 30v; tariyan taribasu 23v, 27v, 28v,

29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v; tariyan tariqu sayin edür 55v; tariyan seèig taribasu

36v, 36v; tariyan modun taribasu 37r, 47v; tariyan elbeg bolqu 29r; isün ¯üil tariyan-i

¯anèibasu 30r; isün ¯üil tariyan (ada(ši ögbesü 31r; ür-e tariyan ögbesü 30r; tariyan-u ebesün

tegübesü 30v, 41r; tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi (odun) 33r, 33v; tariyan buu tari 33v;

tariyan buu ög. 34r; tariyan-u (a¯ar olqu 46v; tariyan tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad 58r.

tariyan modun taribasu if one plants grain or trees (37r, 47v).

tariyan saèubasu if one scatters grain (22r, 30v).

tariyan seèig taribasu if one plants grain or flowers (36v, 36v).

tariyan taribasu if one plants a crop (23v, 27v, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r,

46v).

tariyan tariyalabasu if one cultivates a crop (10r).

977
GLOSSARY

tariyan tömösün field crops: qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r; qamu(

tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r; tariyan tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r.

tariyan-dur köröngge orkibasu abubasu if one either casts or takes seed for a crop (46v).

tariyan-u üile üiledbesü if one performs grain rites (14r).

tariyan-u ebesün tegübesü if one picks weeds from a crop (30v, 41r).

tarni [S. dhâranî]; magic spells mostly consisting of Sanskrit syllables or words and/or

unintelligible phonetic units used in ritual; charms, dharani, mantra: tarni uribasu 25v, 30r,

32r, 34v, 34v, 61r; ¯irüken tarni uribasu 25v; arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

tarni uribasu if one recites a dhâranî (25v, 30r, 32r, 34v, 34v, 61r).

tarnièi n. exorcist, magician; Mongolian translation for sang(asba (Lessing, 782); tarnièi

kümün 4v.

tarqa- to disperse, disseminate: ¯arlig bièig tarqabasu 18r; naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an

inu . . . tarqamui 38r, 38r

tas vulture: tas ödütü sumun 32v.

tasul- to sever; interrupt: ükül-ün segül tasulbasu 32r; qurim dotor-a kešig tasulqu na(šidar

28r

tasulu(èi the one that severs; stops: qurim-dur kešig tasulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; qurim-dur

kešig tasulu(èi Burvabalguni 33v; yerü ür-e tasulu(èi Mul buyu 34r; Qulu(an-a Morin ¯il-e

qaburun dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; Üker Qonin ¯il-e qaburun eèüs ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; Baras

Beèin ¯il-e ¯un-u terigün ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; Taulai Takiy-a ¯il-e ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi

978
GLOSSARY

41r; Luu Noqai ¯il-e ¯un-ueèüs ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; Mo(ai 'aqai ¯il-e qaburun terigün ür-e

tasulu(èi 41r; ür-e tasulu(èi odun 59r/

tasura- to be cut off; interrupted, stopped, finished: tasuraqu bolbasu tere edür qono(

tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v; endegürelügegüy-e qono( tasura(san-i medeküi kereg 4v; qono(

tasura(san ¯ir(u(an sar-a 3v; tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v;

qono( tasura(san kiged saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu sayin ma(u aèi ür-e

inu ülü bütüyü 4r; uru( tasura(san kümün 26r; Burnavasu na(šidar kemebesü uru(

tasura(san na(šidar 26r; dörben ür-e tasura(san odun kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar. Abaji

Barani qoyar buyu 61r; ür-e tasuram 52v; ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui. ¯ir(u(an

okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono(ügei bui. tegüber ¯ir(u(an qono( tasuramui 3r; umar-

a ¯üg odqui-dur nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; nara oron-

ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui. tegüni qošiyad qošiyad qono(-un odun na(šidar-

<y>i to(alaqu ügei-yin tulada. qono( tasuramui kememüi 4r; ¯arim sar-a-dur urida arban

tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r; ¯arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r; šin-e-dür

inu edür ülü tasuraqu 3v; qa(uèin-dur tasuraqu 3v; tasuraqu bolbasu tere edür qono(

tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v; ilede qono( tasuraqu busu bögetel-e 3v; eliy-e-yi darubasu ükül-

ün segül ülü tasuraqu ma(u bui 41r; ür-e tasuraqu 41v, 52v; qono( tasuraqui 3r, 3r; ¯ir(u(an

qono( tasuraqui yosu 3r; nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono(

tasuraqui 3v; qono( tasuraqui nigen ¯üg-iyer ülü bol(an kièiyen ü¯egdeküi 4r; ükül-ün segül

ülü tasuriyu 34r.

979
GLOSSARY

taši(ura- to indulge: taši(ura(san-u tulada ene sarada qariqu ügei bögetel-e ¯ir(u(an

šinede öèüken èi(ulumui 38v.

tašiyan hip: tašiyan-dur ¯okis-tu bolqu 52v.

tata(al aqueduct, small canal, ditch: tata(al usun tatabasu 12r.

tata(al usun tatabasu if one draws water into a canal (12r).

tatal(-a bièig tribute: qa(an-a tatal(-a bièig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v.

taulai rabbit; hare: taulai 53v; Taulai sara 9r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügey-yin tula-da

qorin isün bitegüü bolumui 3r; ding taulai sara 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; šin taulai sara 7v; küi

taulai sara 7v; ii taulai sara 7v; Töbed-dür Taulai sara 9r; Taulai ¯il 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; taulai

¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v; taulai ¯iltü 53r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; Taulai Takiy-a ¯il-e ¯un-u

dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; Taulai èa( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r; ding

taulai èa( 7v; gi taulai èa( 7v; šin taulai èa( 7v; küi taulai èa( 7v; ii taulai èa( 7v; ¯un-u

(urban sar-a Taulai Luu Noqai èa( qara 42r; Taulai edür 10r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Taulai edür tngri-yin (al 9r; Taulai edür Modun odun uèirabasu ed

a(urasun nemekü sayin 46v; taulai üiledküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v;

modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad qošiyalamui 9r; qarèa(ai

980
GLOSSARY

šiba(un taulai bari¯u 15r; Taulai (a¯ar-a šitügen-ü eke Taulai (a¯ar-a 16r; Taulai-dur (okimui

12r.

Taulai èa( Hare hour: 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r; ding taulai èa( 7v;

gi taulai èa( 7v; šin taulai èa( 7v; küi taulai èa( 7v; ii taulai èa( 7v; ¯un-u (urban sar-a

Taulai Luu Noqai èa( qara 42r

Taulai edür Hare day: 10r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r,

50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v;

Taulai edür tngri-yin (al 9r; Taulai edür Modun odun uèirabasu ed a(urasun nemekü sayin

46v; taulai üiledküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v

Taulai (a¯ar-a Hare place: šitügen-ü eke Taulai (a¯ar-a 16r.

Taulai ¯il Hare year: 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v;

Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; taulai ¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v; taulai ¯iltü 53r, 54r,

54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; Taulai Takiy-a ¯il-e ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r.

Taulai sara Hare month: 9r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügey-yin tula-da qorin isün bitegüü

bolumui 3r; ding taulai sara 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; šin taulai sara 7v; küi taulai sara 7v; ii taulai

sara 7v; Töbed-dür Taulai sara 9r.

tavar merchandise, goods, property, chattels: ed tavar olqu 46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r;

tavar ed olqu 50r; tavar ed yekede olqu 50r, 50r, 50r; qurim qurimlabasu ed tavar ügületel-e

981
GLOSSARY

¯a(un amin-dur kürümüi 47v; ed tavar uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu 57r;

qudalduèin-dur odbasu ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r.

tayiqu [Ch. taihu/t’ai-hou (Mathews, 6020.a 10)]; mother of the emperor: dayiwang tayiqu

52r, 53r.

tayisui [Ch. taisui/t’ai-sui (Mathews 6020.a 22)]; Jupiter; the "Great Year" star in Chinese

astrology; yin counterpart to the planet Jupiter; a star god that presides over the year; cf.

Smith, Chinese Astrology (1992): 6, 11; compare the Hindu god, Indra; tayisui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r,

12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ¯il-ün tayisui 55v.

tayiši [Ch. taishi/t’ai-shih (Mathews 6020.a 20)] grand master, imperial teacher; honorary

title of the first degree: qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v.

tedüiken (qubi) the “common” qubi; a unit of time = 48 minutes (S. muhûrta): nigen

dusul qoyar qubi nigen tedüiken kememüi 5v; edür arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; söni arban

tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; edür söni-yin a(ur inu ¯ir(u(an tedüiken qubi bolumui 5v.

tegerme/tegerm-e mill: tegerm-e bosqabasu 42v; usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r; a(ur

tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 37r; a(ur tegerme bosqabasu 36v.

tegerm-e bosqabasu if one erects a mill (42v).

tegši uniformly; equally: ari(un gegen-e ¯iruqai-dur tegši ¯okiyabai 2v; uridu qoyitu edür-yi

tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v; (a¯ar-dur dula(an-u tegši oromui 10r; ede sarada tegši sayin bui 51r.

tegü- to pick; gather: tariyan-u ebesün tegübesü 30v, 42r; tariyaèin-u ebesü tegüküi èa(

12r.

tegüldür full: ša(šabad tegüldür bol- 28r, 29r.

982
GLOSSARY

tegüs full; perfect; accomplished; ascendent (of the horoscope): tegüs 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v,10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

24v; ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen burqan 1v; küèün tegüs 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 19v; küèün tegüs

uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r; tegüs öl¯eyitü 25v, 26v; tegüs ¯ir(alang-tu 25v, 27v, 29r;

küèün tegüs-ün èa( 21v, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r, 24r.

telèiye- to struggle to get up (of young animals): qulan una(an-iyan telèiyemüi 14r.

temdeg mark; brand: temdegtü adu(usun ögbesü 30r; kümün-e temdegtü mal (ada(ši

(ar(abasu 31r.

temdegtü adu(usun ögbesü if one gives a branded animal (30r).

temeèildübesü if one fights for something (35r).

temür iron, metal; one of the five elements: isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun

sür kemekü na(šidar 25r; temür maqabud 54r; Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u

gara( büküy-yin tula temür-ün èinar 23v.

temürèi smith; metalworker: eliy-e da(a(san kümün ba. temürèi ba band’i ba bombo

teyimü nigen kümün sura( ügülemüi 22v.

983
GLOSSARY

teng [Ch. deng/teng (Mathews, 6178 (p. 893))]; equal; Qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng šiu ¯un

bolbasu 6r; Naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r

teng šiu ¯un [Ch. deng/teng “equal” (Mathews, 6178 (p. 893)); Ch. qiu/ch’iu “autumn”

(Mathews, 1227 (p. 176)); Ch. zhong/chung “middle” (Mathews, 1504 (p. 213))]; the middle

month of autumn, i.e., the autumnal equinox; Qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu

6r.

tengse- to examine, probe: Mahašuvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-

ud> terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse¯ü èi(ulqui-dur inu 38r.

tergen cart: tergen 31v, 59v; ger tergen ¯asabasu 36r, 36v, 37r; ger tergen bosqabasu 37r,

42r; ger tergen šinedkebesü 45r; ger tergen arèi(ulbasu 54v; tergen-ü kürdün 25v.

terigüle- to be at the head of: qulu(an-a-aèa terigülen 7r; aq-a degüü qoyar terigülen

qula(uyu 26r; uridu qoyar odun terigülen 32v

terigü(n) head; first: terigün 52v, 55v; qaburun terigün sara 2r, 2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r; qaburun

terigün Baras sara 2v, 3r; qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r; ¯un-u terigün sara 10r, 11r;

¯un-u terigün Èista sar-a 12r; namurun terigün sara 13r, 14r; namurun terigün burvabadaribad

sara 15r; ebülün terigün sara 16r, 17r; ebülün terigün Margišar sar-a 18r; ¯il-ün terigün 3r, 10r;

eng terigün gšan 5r, 5r; görögesün(-ü) terigün 26r, 59v; mo(ay-yin terigün 27r, 59v; ¯a(an-u

terigün 29v, 31r, 59v, 59v; morin terigün 32v; odun-u terigün 33r; odud-un terigün Kerteg bui

33r; ¯un-u terigün 41r; ebülün terigün 41r; qaburun terigün 41r; namurun terigün 41r; dörben

terigün sara 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r; èa(an baras-un terigün 49r; noqai terigün 49v; kürgegèi-yin

terigün 52v; qaburun (urban sarada<n> terigün inu 55r; ¯un-u (urban sarada<n> terigün inu

984
GLOSSARY

55r; namurun (urban sarada terigün inu 55r; ebülün (urban sarada terigün inu 55r; ima(an-u

terigün 59v; morin-u terigün 59v; dörben terigün odun 61v; ¯il ur(uqui-yin terigün-dür

šinelekü inu 3r; köke luu-yin terigün-dür mör (arbasu 49r; terigün-dür ger buu bari 55r;

dörben terigün sarayin terigün-i qara 41r; noqai terigütü 55r; görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü

üsün 30r.

terigüten [S. -âdi; Tib. la sogs pa]; and so forth, and others: terigüten 1v, 1v, 1v, 2v, 2v,

3r, 3r, 3r, 4r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 38v, 38v, 39r, 45v, 48r, 50v’ terigüten-i 2r, 2r, 2v, 2v, 2v, 16r, 61v;

terigüten-iyer 38r; terigüten-ü 2v.

teryinar heretics; the six heretics of India had to be overcome by Buddha Shakyamuni; see

RRS, 371: ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r.

teyin böged [Tib. rnam par; frequently translates the S. prefix vi- in its intensifying

functions, but also in the sense of “differently, especially” (Lessing, 1185)].

teyin böged arilu(san [T. rnam par byang ba; S. vyavadânatva]; (the state of) purity

(Lessing, 1185); teyin böged arilu(san-u to(-a 2r.

tib continent: bey-e inu (urban tib-i degürümüi 55r.

tiler scorpion, as in Scorpio; the more common form is kilinèetü "scorpion;" tiler is given

in Lessing as tiler jögei "horsefly, gadfly" (Lessing, p. 809); the term also refers to the hornet;

for the term in Uygur, see Clauson 1972: 501: naran Tiler-ün gertür oro(sun-u tula. yirtinèü-

deki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r.

Tiler-ün ger the house of the scorpion; Scorpio; sometimes also given in Mongolian

sources as ®ögey-yin ger (Bese 1972: 158), the more common form is kilinèetü "scorpion" and

985
GLOSSARY

Kilinèetü-yin ger “Scorpio,” (see, for instance, Khilentsiin ger in the almanacs published by

Dechinchoinkhor monastery and Terbish): naran Tiler-ün gertür oro(sun-u tula. yirtinèü-deki

amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r.

tngri [S. deva/sura; Tib. lha]; 1. heaven; 2. god/gods: Manjušari tngri 1v; tngri (a¯ar-un

qorin dörben a(ur èa( 6r; tngri (a¯ar-yi taki(basu) 32v, 35r; tngri (a¯ar-un on sara edür èa(

möèe 55r; yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ¯obalang(-un) tngri

yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür

56v; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edür(-ün belge) 20r, 47r; (uèin qoyar okin tngri

32v; tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge 20v; tngri šim[n]us èöken bolumui 32r; tngri šilmus

(adqulduqui edür 43r; tngri kümün èidköd (urba(ula èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar 26r; tngri

ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; Mahašuvari tngri 38r; tngri mang(us naiman

aima(-ud terigüten 38v; tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bügüde ba yeke èi(ul(an

buyu 38v; ed-ün tngri takiqui 45v; burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r; burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu

38r; burqan tngri buu taki ma(u bui 48r; burqan tngri-eèe ba(u(san buyan-du sayin èa( 16r;

tngri-ner (aši(udaqu edür 48r; qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayišiyamu 60v; tngri-nerün

nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a saèu(uu 5v; tngri-nerün gara( 21v; tngri-ner-ün na(šidar 27v, 30v;

tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü 30v; egüdügsen isün tngri-i uribasu 28v; bi tngri-yi kelbeyilgen

èidamui 32v; tngri-yi takibasu 36v; tngri-yin (al 8r, 9r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; tngri-

yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r; tngri-yin noqai 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55v; tngri-yin qara noqai

ba(umu 55r; tngri-yin dalal(-a dalalabasu 25v; tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un o(talda(san

na(šidar 28v; tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun 32v; tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v;

986
GLOSSARY

tngri-yin egüüde 33r, 33r; tngri-yin èi(ta(-a 33v, 34r; tngri-yin vim-a 39v; tngri-yin mör

kemekü edür 49r; tngri-yin egüde(n) 49r, 49v; tngri-yin egüden odun 59r; tngri-yin qoriyan

49r; tngri-yin erdeni 49r; tngri-yin qula(ai 49r; tngri-yin ordo 49r; tngri-yin ayul 49r; tngri-yin

sang 49r, 49v; aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün 49v; tngri-yin

següder 49v; tngri-yin qo(olai 49v; tngri-yin šijim odun 59r.

tngri (a¯ar heaven and earth; sacred and mundane; while tngri refers to the sacred matters

of the gods and heavens, (a¯ar (L. mundus) refers to the mundane affairs of the world and

men; (see Tester, 25): tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben a(ur èa( 6r; tngri (a¯ar-yi taki(basu) 32v,

35r; tngri (a¯ar-un on sara edür èa( möèe 55r.

tngri (a¯ar-yi takibasu if one makes an offering to heaven and earth (35r).

tngri ong(od-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the gods and protective deities (35v,

36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r).

tngri šimnus gods and demons: tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge 20v; tngri šim[n]us

èöken bolumui 32r; tngri šilmus (adqulduqui edür 43r.

tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü if one performs the ceremony for the gods (30v).

tngri-yi takibasu if one makes an offering to god (36v).

tngri-yin ayul heavenly danger: tngri-yin ayul-dur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin èi(ta(-a the celestial rope; this asterism is Èista (S. Jyesthâ), comprising three

stars that form an almost straight line (Burgess, 1859: 337): 33v, 34r.

tngri-yin dalal(-a dalalabasu if one beckons the fortune of heaven (25v).

987
GLOSSARY

tngri-yin egüde(n)/egüüde [Tib. gnam-sgo; Ch. tianmen/t’ien-men]; the heavenly gate,

i.e., the vernal equinox; a constellation comprising two stars in Virgo; it marks the arrival of

the vernal equinox (Schlegel, 1967: 488); according to the Vaidûrya dKar-po, it is through

the heavenly gate that people are exposed to avalanches, lightning bolts, stroke and epilepsy;

these calamities are remedied by ritual thread crosses; the term also refers to the smoke-hole

of a Mongolian tent (TEDP, 86, note 92; ODT, 369-397; Doré, v. 6, 1966: 36; Ho, 1966: 91;

Camman 1963: 20; Sárközi 1989: 320): 33r, 33r, 49v; tngri-yin egüden-dür mör (arbasu sayin

49r; tngri-yin egüden odun 59r.

tngri-yin erdeni [Ch. tian bao/t’ien pao]; the heavenly jewel (Doré, v. 6, p. 11): tngri-yin

erdeni-dür mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin (al fire of heaven; in Chinese sources the celestial fire is Antares, also known as

anti-Ares, peer of Mars (Schafer 1977: 117); tngri-yin (al 8r, 9r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r; tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r.

tngri-yin mör [Ch. tianjie/t’ian-chieh]; the heavenly way; perhaps the first star of the

Northern Dipper (Allred 2002: 65); perhaps an asterism comprising two stars between the

Pleiades and Hyades; this asterism is said to guard barriers, passes and the frontier of the

empire (Schlegel, 372-373): tngri-yin mör kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin noqai [Ch. tiangou/t’ien-gou; Tib. gnam-khyi]; the dog of heaven; a demonic star

spirit; it is used synonymously with tngri-yin qara noqai (the black dog of heaven) (55r, 55v);

in the manual, a section given to the descent of the “black dog of heaven” describes seven

parts of the dog’s body, the left and right ribs, head, mouth, spine, tail and belly (55r); this

988
GLOSSARY

refers to the Chinese constellation tiangou/t’ien-kou, comprising seven stars, including ( and

h of Canis Major (Schlegel, 1967: 433-434; cf. also Tngri-yin udq-a, 1990: 916; Staal, 152-

153); the constellation is thus related to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout

Eurasia; it likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the dog or jackal (see under

èögebüri [Allen 1963: 120-134]); its demonology is extensive (cf. TEDP, 212; ODT, 295-

296; Doré, v. 1, 1966: 27, 60; Schafer 1977: 93): Tngri-yin noqai 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55v.

tngri-yin okin the daughter of heaven: tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun 32v.

tngri-yin ordo the heavenly palace: tngri-yin ordo-dur mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin qara noqai [Tib. gnam khyi nag po]; the black dog of heaven; a demonic star

spirit; it is used synonymously with tngri-yin noqai (the dog of heaven) (55r, 55v); in the

manual, a section given to the descent of the “black dog of heaven” describes seven parts of

the dog’s body, the left and right ribs, head, mouth, spine, tail and belly (55r); this refers to

the Chinese constellation tiangou/t’ien-kou, comprising seven stars, including ( and h of

Canis Major (Schlegel, 1967: 433-434; cf. also Tngri-yin udq-a, 1990: 916; Staal, 152-153);

the constellation is thus related to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout Eurasia; it

likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the dog or jackal (see under èögebüri)

(Allen, 1963: 120-134); its demonology is extensive (cf. TEDP, 212; ODT, 295-296; Doré,

v. 1, 1966: 27, 60; Schafer 1977: 93): Tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r.

tngri-yin qo(olai the throat of heaven (49v).

tngri-yin qoriyan [Ch. Tianjiu/t’ien-chiu (Mathews 6361, 1201)]; the heavenly corral; an

asterism composed of ten stars in the form of a circle to the north of the 14th Chinese asterism

989
GLOSSARY

bi/pi, Mongolian Udaribadaribad; the culmination of this asterism at the end of winter

indicated the time of the year when horses foal and various related rituals (Schlegel, 1967:

309-315; Staal, 1984: 98-99; TU, 1991: 910): tngri-yin qoriyan-dur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin qula(ai the heavenly thief: tngri-yin qula(ai-tur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin sang heavenly treasure; a constellation comprising six stars under Ašuvani [= 16th

Chinese lunar mansion, lou] (Tngri-yin udq-a, 1991: 912): tngri-yin sang-dur mör (arbasu

sayin 49r.

tngri-yin següder the shadow of heaven (49v).

todqor [Tib. bgegs (Bawden SE I, 246)]; demon, evil spirit, obstacle, obstruction,

impediment; evil, calamity (Lessing, 813); ada todqor èi(ul'qu-yin na(šidar 29r; qulu(an-a

qa¯abasu ada todqor bolqu 57r; üsün kir(abasu ada todqor bolqu 57r; keriy-e kegübesü tariyan

tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r; ger-eèe [x] ada todqor bolqu 58r.

to(-a/to(an number; reckoning; mathematics, astrology: to(-a kiged to(an-u aè'i ür-e 1v;

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v; teyin böged arilu(san-u to(-a 2r; Manjušari

bodisü[n]g inü qara Kitad-un oron-dur to(-a terigüten-i ü¯egülügèi buyu 2r; qara Kitad-un

to(-a 2r; arban qoyar sarayin to(-a 2v; arban qoyar šitün barildaqui to(-a 2v; yerü ede to(-a

to(alaqui inu 4r; sar-a-yin to(-a medeküi kereg 4v; bièig to(-a sur(abasu 23r, 23v, 56v; bièig

to(-a em sur(abasu 26r; dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r; dolo(an odud-un to(-a

tegüsbe 31r; to(-a to(alabasu 31v; odun-u to(-a 59v; to(-a kiged to(an-u aè'i ür-e 1v; to(an-

u yosun 3r.

to(-a to(alabasu if one reckons mathematics (31v).

990
GLOSSARY

to(aèin mathematician: (qara) Kitad-un to(aèin-dur 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r; Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar 2v, 2v, 2v, 2v; Kitad-un to(oèin-u Bus sar-a 3r.

to(ala- to count, reckon: kürgen-eèe ¯öb to(ala 51v, 51v; sara yeke bögesü kürgen-eèe jöb

to(ala. 60r; sara ba(-a bögesü egüde-eèe buru(u to(ala 60r; saban sar-a-yi ülü meden

ürgül¯ide to(alabasu 4r; nigen on (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bol(a¯u to(alabasu 6v; arban qoyar

sar-a-i ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u to(alabasu 6v; to(-a to(alabasu 31v;

¯iruqai to(alabasu 31v; urbalügegüi-e to(ala(daqui 5v; dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v; bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki-yi to(ala¯u 5r; ebülün

dumdadu sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-aèa ekilen to(ala¯u 5v; (aqai nasu to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui 17r;

odun na(šidar-yi to(alaqu ügei-yin tulada 4r; ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa

qa(aèi(san-i uqa(sad bodgalis-dur to(alaqui 1v; Kitad to(alaqui šastir 2r; usun-iyar qono(

to(alaqui yerü ta(alal 3v; yerü ede to(-a to(alaqui inu 4r; to(alaqui inu 5r; mergen kümün-ü

qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu 5r; dusul-iyar to(alaqui kemebesü

5r; biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai-dur to(alaqui na(šidar 26r; qubi to(alaqui-dur 5v; nigen qono(-i

¯a(un möèi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun inu 6r; (olomta-aèa ¯öb to(ola 51v; sara yeke bögesü

er-e-eèe ¯öb to(ola 51v; sara yeke bögesü kü¯ügün-eèe ¯öb to(ola 52v; er-e sar-a-yi aman-a‡a

¯öb to(ola 52v; ba(urai-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; nutu(-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; okin-aèa

buru(u to(ola 51v; sara ba(-a bögesü em-e-eèe buru(u to(ola 51v; sara ba(-a bögesü

buru(u to(ola 52v; Široi odun-iyar ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; odun erdem-yi

to(olabasu 60v; šinelegsen-eèe ekilen to(ola¯u 2v; kümün ba yerü qamu( amitan-i to(ala¯u

55r; qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse¯ü 38r.

991
GLOSSARY

to(alal counting, reckoning: bügüde-yin to(alal 4r.

to(o(an pot: qar-a to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada adalamui 26v.

to(os [Pers. tâus]; peacock: to(os-un 59r, 59r.

to(osq-a brick: to(osq-a ¯ergelebesü 32r.

to(osq-a ¯ergelebesü if one lays brick (32).

to(osun dust: to(osun bari¯u 3r.

to(ta(èi [Ch. ding/ting, “to fix; settle, arrange, decide,” (Mathews 6393)]; the one that

decides, arranges; 5th of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi

dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi

qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; ding to(ta(èi edür 36r.

tokiyaldu- to coincide with something: busud anu tokiyaldubasu ülü bolumui 60r; saran-

lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; yerü Suša( sar-a

terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-un neres-iyer nereyidkü inu nigen tokiyaldu(san-u

tulada 3r; ene saban ekilegsen ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r; sabanügey-eèe bolbasu qarši ¯il

tokiyaldumui 7r; önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sarayin arban tabun edüge ene on-u qubi

sarayin nigen šinide tokiyaldumui 7r; ügeyiregülügèi qara edür kemebesü yeke qara edür-lu(-

a [=edür-lüge] èöm tokiyaldumui 41v; öber öber nidün-iyer na(šidar kiged sar-a-lu(-a

tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r.

tokiyaldu(ul- to harmonize, make agree, match: ede belges-lu(-a tokiyaldu(ul¯u 5r;

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u (belgelemüi) 18r, 19r; qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a

dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u uèaral-un sayin ma(u-i üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r; okin-i

992
GLOSSARY

bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü kürdün bui egüni sayitur tokiyaldu(ul¯u medegdeküi 51r; ede okin-u

¯il bui tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯egdeküi 51r; ede odun na(šidar tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯e 52r; Kitad-un

to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v; ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v.

toli mirror: yama(an-u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin] manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü 42v; oroi-ta(an

Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri bugüde-dü toli bui 54r.

tolo(ai head: qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai 59r; (aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dürü¯ü 23r; yama(an-

u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin] manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü 42v.

tong söni in the middle of the night; Kögeler sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai edür tong söni güimüi

42v.

toor-a net: isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür kemekü na(šidar 25r.

tong(ori( [Tib. spu gri]; razor; (cf. ODT, 13, 15); Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge inu

tong(ori( bui 20r; ¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu üsün düyilü(èi tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r;

tong(ori( 47r.

tor(on silk; descriptive of dense fire: (altu tor(on ergiküi modun odun 59r.

tosun fat; lard; tallow: èa(an tosun ba. buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü 50v.

toyin [fr. Ch. daoren/tao-jen, thr. Old Turkish toyïn]; priest, monk, lama (originally limited

to priests of noble descent): toyin 30r; toyin kümün 4v; toyin bol- 27r, 29v, 56v, 56v; toyin

quvara(-un-yi kündeleküi 61r; toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v.

toyin bolbasu if one becomes a monk (27r, 29v, 56v).

Töbed Tibet; Tibetan: Töbed-dür Baras sara 8r; Töbed-dür Taulai sara 9r; Töbed-dür Luu

sara 10r; Töbed-dür Mo(ai sar-a 11r; Töbed-dür Morin sara 12r; Töbed-dür Qonin sara 13r;

993
GLOSSARY

Töbed-dür Beèin sar-a 14r; Töbed-dür Takiy-a sara 15r; Töbed-dür Noqai sara 16r; Töbed-dür

'aqai sar-a 17r; Töbed-dür Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r; Töbed-dür Üker sar-a 19r; Töbed-ün keleber.

isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab] 32r.

tögen-e moxa; poultice: ge¯igen-dür tögenetü kümün 29v.

tögene- to cauterize; apply a poultice or a hot compress: tögenebesü ¯inglebesü 22v, 36v,

37r.

tögenebesü ¯inglebesü if one cauterizes a wound or applies a poultice (22v, 36v, 37r).

tömösü(n) bulbous plants: qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r; qamu(

tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r; tariyan tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r.

törö government; power; authority: törö bari- 45v, 61r; törö buu bari 34v; yeke törö

baribasu 41v.

törö baribasu if one builds a government (34v).

törö- to be born: köbegün töröbesü 21v, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v,

32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v; okin töröbesü 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 28r;

ma(u kümün töröbesü 31v; köbegün okin töröbesü 31v; ni(un töröbesü 43r; Manjušari

bodisü[n]g törögsen bolai 2v; tngri-yin vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai

kemekü qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün 39v; öber-ün törögsen odun-dur ya(un buu üiled 56r;

qan kümün törö¯ü ükükü odun 59r; Bus na(šidar-tu törö¯ügüi 2r; uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un

sayin köbegün törökü bui 54v; qulu(an-a töröküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

994
GLOSSARY

19v; yertinèü-yin qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r; üker ebesün-eèe (al-du

qoroqai törömüi 13r; ede dumda beri bui. okin törömüi 52r; nidün-dür nidün metü qoyar

sayiqan köbegün törömüi 52v; degedü töröl-tür töröyü 28r; qoyin-a ülü töröyü 34r.

töröküi birth; the 11th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination (šitün barildaqui):

in the calendar paired with the rat of the twelve animals: qulu(an-a töröküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v,

9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

törögülten those who are born: adu(usun törögülten-dür ma(u bui 31r.

töröl [S. jâti; Tib. skye ba]; birth: ükübesü degedü töröl oluyu 30r; degedü töröl-tür töröyü

28r; ükübesü degedü töröl-<y>i oluyu 29r.

tu( flag, standard, banner: tu(-un išin-du uya¯u 50v.

tu(ul- to pass, surmount, overcome: tu(ulu(san burqan 11r.

tu(urbil effort; attempt; intention: kièiyel tu(urbil kereglegdekü busu bögesü ber 1v;

ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san 1v; tu(urbil-dur kièiyeküi busu

bögetele 1v.

tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san [S. nishprapanca; T. spros bral; Mong. tu(urbil-aèa

anggi¯ira(san]. freed from conceptualization (Lessing, p. 1187).

tul(-a trivet; support: tul(-a tulbasu 31v; tul(-a bolqui 38v; tul(-a tulu(èi 52v; (urban

odun-u düri inu. tul(-a-yin modun metü bui 26v; Barani na(šidar kemebesü tul(-a-yin (urban

köl metü bui 32r.

tul(-a tulbasu if one leans against a support/touches a trivet (31v).

995
GLOSSARY

tul(-a tulu(èi the one who touches the trivet (52v).

tus individual, separate: ali ¯il tus bol- 7r; egün-i tus ü¯e 50r.

tusa benefit; advantage; use: em-e kümün-e tusa keyibesu 15r; öèügüken tusa bütügebesü

16r; öber-ün tusa bütügebesü 22v; qong(or qal¯an morin qudaldubasu tusa bui 25r; èa(an

¯asal kibesü tusa ülü boluyu 39v; aši( tusa eribesü 43v, 43v, 61r, 61v; aši( tusa bütü- 45v,

49v; aši( tusa bol- 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 56r; tusa yeke bolqu 56v, 57r; (abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu

57v

tusa ügei without benefit: em emlebesü tusa ügei 38r; ede edüd-dür odun na(šidar sayin

bögesü ber tusa ügei 42r.

tübšidkegèi [Ch. ping/p’ing, “to level,” (Mathews 5303)]; the one that levels; the 4th of the

twelve lords of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; ping

tübšidkegèi edür 36r.

tübšin level, of ground; even, of thought: dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju

6r; köbegün töröbesü oyun qurdun ügen-tür uran sana(-a tübšin 61v; Mig Burvasad

Burvabadaribad Barani eden maši tübšin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

tü[g]šigèi [Ch. wei “dangerous, perilous” (Mathews 7056)]; the one that trembles in fear;

8th of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi

to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui

35v; üi tü[g]šigèi edür 36v.

996
GLOSSARY

tüil-ün edür solstice: qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai. aliba sayin

üiles-i èigerle 59r.

tüimer forest fire: ger baribasu ¯a(u qono(-du tüimer šitaqu 60r; tüimer-e tüimeridkü

qula(ai oromui 47v.

tüle-/tüli- v.t. to burn: (al mandal tülebesü 10r, 61v; üküger-ün sünesün tülebesü 35v;

udèa( tülebesü 42v; debel tülebesü 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r; dayisun-u

èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bièi¯ü (al-dur tüleged 22r; aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-

dür adali bolumui 44v; (al-un oèi-du tülekü 55v, 56r; ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür

27r; edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküy-yin uèaral boluyu 44v; (al široi

qoyar uèarabasu tüleküy-yin uèiral 46r; tüleküy-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r;

tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui 20v; tüleküi edürün belge anu solbi(san qara

¯iruqai ene ilegüüdebei 20v; (al mandal tüleküi 39r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui 45r; debel eskebesü (al-dur tüleyü 25r.

tüliši [=tüleši] fuel; a ritual commemorating the dead; for this ceremony, see RRS, 616;

tüliši ögbesü 28v, 30r, 30v; ükügsed-dür tüliši buu ög 26r; ükügsen kümün-e tüliši ögbesü

26v; ükügsen kümün-dür tüliši ögbesü 29r; ükügsen-tür tüliši ögbesü 29r.

tüliši ögbesü if one gives a commemoration of the dead (28v, 30r, 30v).

tüšimed [pl. of tüšimel]; functionaries; bureaucrats: qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v;

tüšimed erdeni bolqu na(šidar bui 30v; tüšimed ba(ura¯u (uyiranèi bolumui 42v; tüšimed-ün

¯erge-eèe ba(ura(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ur(ulu(èi Abaji buyu

33v.

997
GLOSSARY

tüšimed erdeni minister’s jewel; the insignia of a minister is one of the seven jewels; see

dolo(an erdeni in Lessing, 1168, under erdeni; tüšimed erdeni bolqu na(šidar bui 30v.

uèira-/uèara to meet, occasion: uèirabasu 47v; ma(u aran-lu(-a uèirabasu 22v; odun

na(šidar uèirabasu 37v; qoyar široi uèirabasu 45v; taulai edür Modun odun uèirabasu 46v;

Usun odun uèirabasu gergi olqu 46v; Usun odun Modun odun qoyar uèirabasu 46v;

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar noqai edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v; Burvasad Udarisad qoyar üker

edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar luu edür uèirabasu ma(u

46v; Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür Manjušari bodisü[n]g törögsen bolai

2v; lii-dür uèira(san beri-yi abubasu 54r; kon-dur uèira(san beri 54r; ken-dür uèira(san beri

54r; kam-dur uèira(san beri 54r; gin-dür uèira(san beri 54r; jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-a-bar

tata(ci beri 54v; sön-dür uèira(san beri 54v; aqa degüü qoyar kümün uèira¯u ¯i(a¯u öggümüi

25v; ülü uèiraqu uèiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; qola (a¯ar-a mör (arbasu buliyan

qula(ai-lu(-a uèiraqu 47v; ¯a(ur-a qula(ai uèiraqu 50r; darasun idegen-dür uèiraqu 58r;

qurim-dur uèiraqu 58r; qoyar usu uèarabasu rašiyan uèaral 45v; qoyar (al uèarabasu

delgereküi-yin uèaral 45v; qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v; usu široi

qoyar uèarabasu egüride aqu-yin uèiral 46r; (al kei qoyar uèarabasu yeke küèütü uèaral 46r;

široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r; usu kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü ¯okiqu

uèaral 46r; (al široi qoyar uèarabasu tüleküi-yin uèiral 46r; usu (al qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün

uèiral bui 46r; Nara Saran 'al Široi ede dörben odun uèarabasu dayisun-i ayul bolqu 46r;

Usun Altan odun uèarabasu aèi ür-e bütükü 46r; Modun odun uèarabasu nom kiged buyan

kešig delgerekü 46v; Baras morin noqai (aqai ede edüd-tü aliba odud uèarabasu sayin 46v;

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GLOSSARY

Margašar Ardar qoyar qonin edür uèarabasu ma(u 46v; uèara(san bögesü altan gerel ungši

42v; darasun idegen uèaram 50r; aman-tur üge da(un uèaram 52v; okin töröbesü erketen-dür

uèaraqu 26v; široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r; ol¯a uèaraqu 49v; dayisun

uèaraqu 49v; küsel uèaraqu 49v; idegen umda(an uèaraqu 50r; idegen qurim uèaraqu 50r, 50r;

qula(ai-du uèaraqu 50r; ed tavar uèaraqu 50r, 50r; idegen umda(an uèaraqu 50r; ebedèin-

dü(r) uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ebedèin ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ükül ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; bariy-a küriy-

e-dü uèaraqu 50r; idegen-dü uèaraqu 50r; ada-du uèaraqu 50r.

uèiral/uèaral meeting; occasion; fate; circumstances: edür-ün odun-u sayin uèiral 38r;

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar

¯okiyasu(ai 45r; usu široi qoyar uèarabasu egüride aqu-yin uèiral 46r; (al široi qoyar

uèarabasu tüleküi-yin uèiral 46r; usu (al qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün uèiral bui 46r; odun ¯il

qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-<y>i il(a¯u bièisügei 46r; egüride-yin uèiral-iyar

ürgül¯ide ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 46r; küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r; ülü uèiraqu

uèiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; ülü ¯okiqu uèiral-iyar ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui

olgiqui üiles-dür sayin 46r; tüleküi-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r; edür-lu(-a

[=edür-lüge] odun qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r; odun ba

na(šidar-un uèaral 2v; edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküy-yin uèaral boluyu

44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui 44v;

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui 45r; qoyar široi uèirabasu

šidei bütüküi-yin uèaral 45v; qoyar usu uèarabasu rašiyan uèaral 45v; qoyar (al uèarabasu

999
GLOSSARY

delgereküi-yin uèaral 45v; qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v; (al kei

qoyar uèarabasu yeke küèütü uèaral 46r; široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r;

usu kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü ¯okiqu uèaral 46r; beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene

bui 52r; na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-<y>i eyin uqa(daqui 45v; ene uèaral-i sayitur

ü¯igdeküi 46r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui 45r; šidi

bütüküi-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü 45v; rašiyan-u uèaral-iyar amin nasun delgereyü 45v;

delgereküi uèaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral-iyar sedkigsen

bütüyü 45v; ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r; odun na(šidar tusbüri sayin bögesü

aèi ür-e-yin uèaral-iyar bolumui 46r; ¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v;

qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u uèaral-un sayin ma(u-i

üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r; ¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u

bièisügei 48r.

uda(an slow: ¯i(ulèilabasu yabudal uda(an bolqu 35r.

Udaribadaribad/Udaribadaripad [S. Uttarabhâdrapadâ]; one of the twenty-eight

nakshatra: Udaribadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v,

52r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Udarbadaribad na(šidar 31v; èinu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi

Udaribadaribad buyu 33v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Udaribadaribad

[. . .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]Udaribadaribad [. . .]

sayin 37v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar

usun-u èinar bui 45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden

usun bui 61r; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar Luu edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v; mör

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GLOSSARY

(arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; èireg mordaqu edür

kemebesü [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu

[. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .]

Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udaribadaripad [.

. .] sayin 55v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 55v; em

neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 56r; Burvabadaribad

Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-ün odun bui. ükügsed-ün nom-du [...] 60v; qorin naiman

na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui. umara Udaribadaribad

kiged Ašavani qoyar 60v; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun

èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r; Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r.

Udaribalguni/Udarabalguni [S. Uttaraphalgunî]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra:

Udaribalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v;

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r; o(tar(ui-tur

Udaribalguni na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 9r; Udaribalguni na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün

na(šidar 27v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37r;

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udaribalguni [.

. .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin
37r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]

Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37v; na(šidar-un sayin inu [. . .]Udaribalguni [. . .] odun edür qutu(

oroši(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. [. . .] Altan odun Burvabalguni Udaribalguni qoyar 44v;

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GLOSSARY

Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin

èinar bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al bui 61r;

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar Noqai edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [.

. .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 48v; basa bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün

sayin anu. [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 56v; Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u

odun bui. dayisun-a ¯ol(obasu sayin 60v; dörben tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni

qoyar 61r; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun èingbatu obo(-

tan buyu 61r; Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v.

Udarisad/Udarasad [S. Uttarâsâdhâ]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Udarisad 8v, 9v,

10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Udarisad na(šidar 30r;

dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan

isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba ger

bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37v; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan

šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37v; Rôkini Èista

Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v; Anurad

Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; Burvasad Udarisad qoyar Üker edür

uèirabasu ma(u 46v; mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v; èireg

mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun

kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad

[. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 55v; [. . .]

Udarisad [. . .] šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r; basa bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin

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GLOSSARY

bolqu edürün sayin anu. [. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 56v; Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad

bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i

il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui. örön-e Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar

60v; Udarisad-dur köbegün aèinar olan bolumui 38r.

udq-a concept: kedber merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesügei kemebesü 6v.

udurid- to lead, guide: uduridbasu 24r; ¯üg uduridbasu 23v; örön-e ¯üg uduridbasu

dayisun-i daruyu 22r; örön-e ¯üg èereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 23r; umara doron-a èereg

uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 24v; tabun quya(-du kümün-iyer uduridbasu 23v; èirig

uduridbasu 40r; Modun odun-iyar uduridu(ad 2r.

uduridbasu if one leads (24r).

uduri(ulbasu if one is guided (34v).

uduri(ulsun [S. upâdhyâya]; guidance; refers to the leader of initiation rites; see RRS,

635; abašig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v.

udusq-a that which sets in motion (cf. Mostaert, DO, 723a; MMAD, 14, note 28): erlig-

üd-ün udusq-a 28v; ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui üiles ügegüü duta(uu bol(a(èi (odun) 33v, 33v.

u(tu(èi the one who greets [the bride]: u(tu(èi-yin ¯il 52v.

u(uu-/uu(u- to drink; take medicine: em u(uubasu 26v; em uu(ubasu 36r; darusun

uu(ubasu 57r; em ülü u(uuqu 56v.

u(uuta bag, sack: niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri bui bügüdedü ma(u 54r.

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GLOSSARY

ugiya- to wash: biy-e ugiyabasu 21v, 21r, 23r, 26v, 41v; qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-

iyar ugiya(ad 32v; (ar ni(ur-iyan ugiya¯u 4v; qong keriy-e ugiyaqui èisun oromui 9r;

ugiyaqui èoga üiledbesü 31r

ugiyaqui èoga üiledbesü if one performs a washing ceremony (31r).

ukila- to cry: buu ukila öni ülü usadqu 34v.

ula(an red: ula(an debel 4v, 21v, 22v, 34r; ula(an altatu debel 34v; ula(an kegeri 21v;

ula(an èimeg 21v; ula(an (ajar 22v; ula(an ša¯a(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r; ula(an ša¯a(ai kemekü ma(u edür 48r; ula(an ša¯a(ai mör (arbasu ma(u 49r;

qur-a ese orobasu ula(an salkin bolumui 11r; ula(an nara 39v; qariqui edürün beleg inu

ula(an nara bui 20r; (a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; arši-narun

ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg bui 20r; ula(an üsüg 47v; ula(an dusul 40r; baling

do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v; ügegürügülügèi edürün belge

(urbal¯in ula(an bui 20v; ula(an ¯ögebüri qaškiraqu 27v; ula(an quma( 60r; šara ula(an

quma( 60rene (urban kürdün-i ula(an-dur bolbasu sayin 51v.

ula(an ša¯a(ai [Ch. Zhuque/ Chu-ch’üeh “red bird” (Mathews 1346.17)]; red magpie;

refers to the Red Bird of summer, which together with the Blue Dragon (köke luu), the White

Tiger (èa(a(an bars) and the Black Tortoise (qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese

sky animals (cf. Stall's Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham, 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistmaker,

113-119); ula(an ša¯a(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ula(an ša¯a(ai

kemekü ma(u edür 48r; ula(an ša¯a(ai mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

1004
GLOSSARY

ularu snowcock, heath cock; black grouse (Meserve 2005: 75-83): ularu šiba(un

qoršiyalamui 15r.

ulus nation: nara sara ükübesü tere ulus-dur (aši(un ¯obalang-dur ayul bolqu 27r; (a¯ar

ködelbesü ulus-un noyan ükükü 27v; (anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in odun 59r.

Uma the goddess Durga, the wife of Siva. Cf. Mostaert MMAD, 17, n. 39. Uma is given

in Clark, Two Lamaistic Pantheons, V. I and II, 5B 36, p. 177; cf. also ODT, 45. Jagarvar-un

qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun 32v.

umar-a north: umar-a 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 13r, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17r, 17v, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19r, 19r, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 58v/umara 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r,

40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 50r, 50r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 60v;

umar-a ¯üg/umara ¯üg 23v, 26r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 32r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; nara

emüneši odqui ba. umar-a ¯üg odqui-dur nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende qošiyad qošiyad qono(

tasuramui 3r; nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg urba¯u 5v; nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür

kürügsen šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r; naran umara ¯üg

odqui ¯ir(u(an sara 37v; nara emüneši odqui ba umar-a odqu 5v; nara emüneši odqui ba.

umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( tasuraqui 3v; ada(usun ¯ibqarabasu nökögesün debeltü

köke èarai-du ba nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün umara emün-e abèu odba 22r; umara-aèa emün-e

¯üg güimüi 42r.

1005
GLOSSARY

umartamta(ai forgetful: köbegün töröbesü qudalèi umarta[m]ta(ai ma(u a(ali-tu boluyu

61v.

umda(an drink: idegen umda(an uèaraqu 50r, 50r, 50r.

una- to fall (of things, weather): qa(uèin nabèi una(ad 3r; (a¯ar-dur serigün següder

una(ad 14r; küiten següder una¯u 16r; tamu-dur unamu 32r.

una(an foal: una(an sur(abasu 23r, 32r; (a¯ar-dur serigün següder una(ad qulan una(an-

iyan telèiyemüi 14r.

una(an sur(abasu if one trains a foal (23r, 32r).

uqa(-a/uqa(an [S. vidyâ]; knowledge, a branch of learning, discipline; see Cerensodnom

and Taube, Berlin Turfantexte XVI, 225a: (urban èa(-un uqa(-a 1v; (urban èa(-i uqa(-a

inaru ¯ir(alang-yi küsebesü 1v; uqa(an sur(abasu 23v, 23v.

uqa(an sur(abasu if one teaches knowledge/science (23v, 23v).

uqa(èid those who possess knowledge, understanding: egüni medegèid uqa(èid qamu(

amitan-a delgeregülbesü 47v.

uqa(sad those who understand: ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san-i

uqa(sad 1v.

uqu- to dig, excavate: qada (a¯ar-<y>i uqubasu 23v.

urad [pl. of uran]; master, craftsman, artist: (a¯ar ködelbesü urad-dur ma(u 28v.

uran skillful; master; artist, craftsman: (oo-a üges-dür urin [=uran] bolu(ad 61r; köbegün

töröbesü oyun qurdun ügen-tür uran 61v; köbegün töröbesü šilu(un aburitu bolu(ad uran

böged ¯iran nasulayu 61v.

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GLOSSARY

urba- to turn back (also of the sun): nara urba(san-aèa (urban sar-a bolu(ad edür söni

saèu(uu 5v; nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg urba¯u 5v; Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis

Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v; ong(oèa deger-e (arbasu urbaqu

47v; nara urbaqui odun 2v.

urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo( the vacillating restless clan: Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis

Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v.

urbal ügei invariably: urbalügegüy-e to(ala(daqui 5v.

ur(u- to rise (of the sun, of the new year): nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e arban alqum nigen

giškim (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; qara šingpüng güiküi

anu. Qubi sarayin Baras Beèin edür nara ur(u(san qoyin-a güimüi 42r; arban tabun-a luus-un

qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r; (a¯ar-tur qamu( nabèi ündüsün ur(umui 12r; bu(u-yin eber

ur(umui 12r; alim-a güilesü terigüten ¯imis ur(umui 13r; ¯il ur(uquy-yin terigün-dür šinelekü

inu 3r; nara ur(uqui èa( 42r, 42v; èerig mordobasu naran ur(uqui èa(-tur morda 21v; Qubi

sarayin arban dörben nara ur(uqui èa(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui

38r.

uri- to invoke, e.g., a deity; to recite sacred texts, prayers: tarni uribasu 25v, 30r, 32r, 34v,

61r; ¯irüken tarni uribasu 25v; arvis tarni uribasu 25v; do(šid-un tarni uribasu 34v; nasun

uribasu 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r; egüdügsen isün tngri-yi uribasu 28v; ¯oèid ülü uriqu 58r.

urida former; formerly: urida 38v, 39r, 41r; sar-a-u urida önggeriged mar(ada-yin

(ada(adu na(šidar 3v; ¯arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui. ¯arim sar-a-

1007
GLOSSARY

dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r; ken urida mordobasu tere daruyu 22v; èereg

mordobasu söni düli-yin urida morda 24r.

uridu former; formerly: uridu 6v, 32v, 32v, 59v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun ügey-yin

tula arban dörben inu arban tabun bolumui 3v; qulu(an-a èa(-un uridu dörben möèe mön

edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; döèin dolo(an on-du saban ügei bögesü uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i

tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v.

uriduèila- to do as before: uriduèilan buyu 3v, 3v, 3v.

uriya- to allure; appeal; summon: qara keb-iyer manglai uriya¯u 24v.

urtu long (time): edür söni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v; nasun urtu bolqu 45v, 57v;

köbegün töröbesü ebedèinügei nasun urtu bolqu 32r.

urtud- to last a long time; become longer: urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu 5v; edür söni

urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r; ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe qoyin-a edür ulam urtudumui 6r;

¯un-u nara bayiqu egün-eèe qoyin-a [šöni] ulam urtuddumui 6v.

uru( relatives by marriage: okin töröbesü uru( èuqa( 25r; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu uru(

tasura(san kümün qula(u¯u amu 26r; Burnavasu na(šidar kemebesü uru( tasura(san

na(šidar kemeyü 26r; qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v; ede ¯ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan

bolu(ad 54v; qoyar üker ¯iltü uru( èuqa( bayan sayin 54v; qoyar baras ¯iltü uru( cögen bayan

sayin 54v; qoyar luu ¯iltü uru( èögen ügegüü bui 54v; qoyar qonin ¯iltü uru( olan bayan sayin

54v ; qoyar takiy-a ¯iltü köbegün uru( èuqa( bolu(ad 54v.

usu(n) water; one of the four elements; one of the five elements; the water star; Mercury;

Wednesday: usu(n) 5r, 8r, 9r, 14r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r,

1008
GLOSSARY

21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v, 21v, 21v, 22r, 23r, 24v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32v, 36r, 36v, 45v, 47v,

59r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; usun bari(èid 1v; (a¯ar usun-u e¯id 2v, 39v; (a¯ar

usun èöm gesümüi 9r; (a¯ar usun èöm amin nüke kürümüi 18r; (a¯ar usun-aèa ekin eribesü

34v; aman-a (a¯ar usun-i taki 55v; (a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a ba(uqu 58v; usun-iyar

qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal 3v; usu egürügsen kümün-lüge ¯ol(aqu. 5r; Usun odun 5r, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r,

44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r,

55v, 56r; tata(al usun tatabasu; 12r; usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u qa(dalamui. 17r; usun-u

üiles üiledbesü 19r; usun saèu(ad 21v; usun-u èinar bui 22r, 22v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad

Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Tanis

Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden usun bui 61r; usun-u ki¯a(ar-a

ni(u¯u amui 23r; usun širgeyü 30r; usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r; usun-u dolo(an na(šidar

32r; qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v; usun(-u) galab 33r, 33r; usun suba(

tatabasu 36r; usun takil 45v; usu široi qoyar uèarabasu 46r; usu kei qoyar uèarabasu 46r; usu

(al qoyar uèarabasu 46r; Usun Modun Altan ede edüd sayin 48v; usun maqabud 54r.

usun bari(èid lit. “water holders”; euph. for clouds (1v).

usun maqabud the water element (54r).

Usun odun the water star; Mercury; Wednesday: 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

1009
GLOSSARY

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r.

usun suba( tatabasu if one digs a water canal (36r).

usun takil water offering (45v); cf. Beyer, 1973, 148.

usun tegerme watermill: usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r.

usun tegerme bosqabasu if one erects a water mill (32r).

usun-u e¯in lords of the water; cf. RRS, 522; (a¯ar usun-u e¯id 2v, 39v.

usun(-u) galab the kalpa of water (33r, 33r).

usun-u üiles üiledbesü if one performs water rites (19r).

uu [Ch. wu (Mathews 7197)]; the 5th Heavenly stem: uu güi yile 7v; uu güi edür 7v; šim

baras sara 7v; šim baras èa( 7v; šim luu sara 7v; šim luu èa( 7v; šim morin sara 7v; šim

morin èa( 7v; šim beèin sara 7v; šim beèin èa( 7v; šim noqai sara 7v; šim noqai èa( 7v; šim

qulu(an-a sara 7v; šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v; uu gii/jii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

üde- to see off (a bride) : ber'i ba(ul(abasu üdebesü 27v; okin üdebesü 31v.

üdeši evening: üdeši ideši eren güimüi 40r; üdeši x 40r; üd[e]ši-yin èa(-dur ed-iyen baraqu

ma(u bui 56v.

ügegüü kümün a poor person: 33r, 33v; ügegüü kümün-i bayan bol(an èidamu 32v.

üi [Ch. wei (Mathews 7056); Mong. tügšigèi]; dangerous; perilous; 8th of the twelve lords

of the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui

35v; üi tü[g]šigèi edür 36v.

1010
GLOSSARY

üile [S. duçcartâ; Tib. dka’]; austerities, penance, rite; deed; act; work: üile 42r; tariyan-u

üile üiledbesü 13v; do(šid-un üile (üiledbesü) 25r, 28r, 29r, 30v; nigen üile qoyar bol(abasu

26v; diyan-u üile üiledbesü 31r; aliba üile ekilebesü 31r; nomo(odqaqui üile üiledbesü 31v;

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui üile 33v; üile baribasu 35r; qari(ulqu-yin üile üiledbesü 35v; amin

saki(ulsun üile üiledbesü 35v; èa(an üile qara bolumui 42v; küèütü üile üiledbesü 45r; èoga-

yin üile 45v; üile bütükü 49v, 58r, 58r; üile bolqu 57r; kimuraqu üile bo[l]qu 57r; ükül-ün

yasun ü¯ekü üile bolqu 57r; ayuqu üile bolqu 58r; ayul-du üile bolqu 58v; qoyar ¯aya(an-u

üile-dür (abiy-a ügei bolumui 27r; amitu ba ükügsen qoyar-un üile-dür sayin 29v; kümün-ü

aliba üiled-dür sayin bui 31r.

üile baribasu if one offers an act of penance (35r).

üiled- to do; make: buu üiled 34v; do(šin üiles buu üiled 38r; amurling(ui sayin üiles buu

üiled 41v; sayin üiles buu üiled 41v, 48v; buyan-du üiles buu üiled 45r; aliba üiles buu üiled

48r; ya(un buu üiled 56r; üiledbesü 48r; tariyan-u üile üiledbesü 13v; do(šid-un üile

üiledbesü 25r, 29r, 30v; diyan-u üile üiledbesü 31r; nomo(odqaqui üile üiledbesü 31v;

qari(ulqu-yin üile üiledbesü 35v; amin saki(ulsun üile üiledbesü 35v; küèütü üile üiledbesü

45r; üiles üiledbesü 26r; usun-u üiles üiledbesü 19r; ma(u üiles üiledbesü 19r; dayisun(-i)

daruqu üiles üiledbesü 23v, 26v, 31r; dayisun-i daruqu üiles-yi üiledbesü 29r; yampar ba üiles

üiledbesü 31v; daru(ulqui-yin üiles üiledbesü 35v; do(šid-un üiles üiledbesü 35v; aliba üiles

üiledbesü 37r; (aliba) do(šin üiles üiledbesü 38r, 39r, 39r; aliba sayin üiles üiledbesü 43r,

44v; sayin üiles üiledbesü 44v; buyan-du sayin üiles üiledbesü 45r; kelinèitü üiles üiledbesü

bütükü 45r; buyan üiledbesü 21v, 23r, 23v, 26r, 32r, 34r, 35r; ükügsen-dür buyan üiledbesü

1011
GLOSSARY

21v, 22v, 25v, 29v, 30v; ükügsen kümün-dü(r) buyan üiledbesü 31r, 32r; nom buyan

üiledbesü 24r; luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü 22r; tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü 30v; ugiyaqui

èoga üiledbesü 31r; buyan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü 23r; saki(ulsun üiledbesü 23r, 26v, 28r, 28v,

29r; aliba burqan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü 26v; alaqu nitulquy-yi üiledbesü 28r; kereg ¯asal

üiledbesü 30v; burqan-tur aliba takil üiledbesü 31v; buyan ¯oli( üiledbesü 31v; buyan qurim

üiledbesü 31v; amin(-u) saki(ulsun üiledbesü 34r, 36r, 36v; amin(-u) ¯oli( saki(ulsun

üiledbesü 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; (al-un takil üiledbesü 34v; qa(uèin-dur üiledbesü 37v; tegüni

da(an üiledbesü 40r; ya(un sedke¯ü üiledbesü 47v; ger bürikü üiledbesü 47v; üiles üiledkü

2r; aliba üiles ülü üiledkü 24v, 42v; nom buyan üiledkü-dü sayin 60v; taulai üiledküi 8v, 8v,

8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r; amin saki(ulsun

üiledküi 46r; qooritu üiles üiledküi-dür sayin bui 15v; sarayin šinede üiledteküi buyu 37v.

üiledbesü if one produces something (48r).

üiledküi activity; the 2nd phase in the twelve links of dependent origination (šitün

barildaqui); in the calendar linked with the hare of the twelve animal cycle: taulai üiledküi

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

üiledügèi the performer [of the rites of the fearsome ones]: üiled-dügèi kümün 39r.

üiles [pl. of üile]; deeds; rites: üiles 60v; šitün barildaqui üiles 1v; üiles üiledkü 2r; erkedür

oro(ulqui keèiyeküi üiles 13r; qooritu üiles üiledküi-dür sayin bui 15r; amurling(ui üiles

keyibesü 18r; usun-u üiles üiledbesü 19r; ma(u üiles üiledbesü 19r; dayisun(-i) daruqu üiles

1012
GLOSSARY

üiledbesü 23v, 26v, 31r; aliba üiles (ülü) üiled- 24v, 37r, 42v; üiles üiledbesü 26r; yampar ba

üiles üiledbesü 31v; do(šid-un üiles 32r; do(šid-un üiles üiledbesü 35v; ma(ui udusq-a

ma(ui üiles 33v; daru(ulqui-yin üiles üiledbesü 35v; qutu( oroši(ulqu üiles 38r; (aliba)

do(šin üiles üiledbesü 38r, 39r, 39r; do(šin üiles buu üiled 38r; do(šin üiles 40r, 45r;

amurling(ui sayin üiles buu üiled 41v; sayin üiles buu üiled 41v, 48v; (ayila(daqu üiles 42r;

qamu( ma(u üiles ¯ayilaqu 42v; (aliba) sayin üiles üiledbesü 43r, 44v, 44v; buyan-du sayin

üiles üiledbesü 45r; buyan-du üiles buu üiled 45r; kelinèitü üiles üiledbesü bütükü 45r; qan

kümün üiles bütükü 45v; busu-ber öndür bütükü üiles sayin 45v; buliyan qula(ai-u [=yin]

üiles 46r; aliba üiles sedübesü 46v; aliba üiles buu üiled 48r; üiles bütükü 49v, 50r, 50v, 50v;

aliba üiles bütükü 50r, 50r; (abiy-a-du üiles bütükü 50r; aliba üiles egün-eèe ¯ayila(daqu 58v;

üiles sedübesü 61r; öndör bütügekü üiles sayin 61r; išiten tübšidkü üiles sayin 61r;

amurling(ui üiles sayin 61r; dayisun-i daruqu üiles-i üiledbesü 29r; dayisun-i daruqu üiles-i

egün-lüge [n]ököèibesü 42v; aliba üiles-i tegün-eèe ¯ayila(daqui 43r; sayin üiles-i èigerle 59r;

busud-<y>i doroyita(ulqui üiles-dü 46r; abqu kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v; üiles-tür 25v;

yabuqu sa(uqu üiles-dür sayin 23v; aq-a kümün-ü üiles-dür sayin 30r; do(šid-un üiles-tür

sayin 34v; ede üiles-dür ma(u 35v; ede üiles-dür sayin 36r; yertinèü-yin üiles-dür adali busu

bolai 38r; do(šin üiles-dür sayin 41v; aliba do(šin qata(uu üiles-dür sayin 45r; amurling(ui

üiles-dür ma(u 45r; ašida-yin üiles-dür sayin 45v; nasun urtu bolqu üiles-tür sayin 45v; qutu(

(uyuqui üiles-dür sayin 45v; ergüküi üiles-dür sayin 46r; amurling(ui delgereküi-yin erke-yin

üiles-dür sayin 46r; adu(usun ögküi üiles-dür sayin 46r; olgiqui üiles-dür sayin 46r; qoor

neyilegülküi üiles-dür sayin 46r; aliba üiles-dür sayin 47r, 57v; aliba üiles-dür maši sayin 57v;

1013
GLOSSARY

aliba üiles-dür ma(u 48r; aliba do(šin üiles-dür sayin 61v; ülü tübšidkü üiles-dür sayin 61v;

buyantu üiles-dür sayin 61v; üiles-ün sayin ma(u 46r.

üiles sedübesü if one devises deeds (61r).

üiles üiledbesü if one performs rites (26r).

ü¯ügürke- to act pompously: okid ü¯ügürkeküi èa( bui 15r

üker ox; one of the twelve animals: Üker sara 19r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui

bögetel-e Üker sara-dur arban tabunügei 3v; ding üker sara 7v; gi üker sara 7v; šin üker sara

7v; küi üker sara 7v; ii üker sara 7v; Töbedün-dür Üker sar-a 19r; Üker èa( 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; ding üker èa( 7v; gi üker èa( 7v; šin üker èa( 7v; küi üker èa( 7v; ii üker

èa( 7v; Üker (edür) 8r, 8r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 19r, 34r, 34v, 37r, 37r,

37v, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v,

55v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Üker ¯il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; üker ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v; üker ¯ilten

54r, 54v; üker ötelküi üküküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, [13v],

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; šitügen-ü

eke Üker (a¯ar-a 9r; üker unu(san 5r; qoyar yaba(an üker unu(sun [. . .] kümün 4v; Üker-ün

ger nara Üker-ün ger-dür oro(san 11r; nara Üker-ün ger-dür oro(san-u tula üker qurièaqui

sar-a bui 11r; üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r; üker sur(abasu 28v; üker abubasu

31v; tariyan taribasu üker üküyü 34r; nigen üker-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen

üker-<y>i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Rôkini buyu 33v; Qulu(an-a Üker-lu(-a [=üker-lüge] Nara Saran

1014
GLOSSARY

'al Široi ede dörben odun uèarabasu 46r; noqai ¯iltü-yi ükertü buu ög 54v; üker-ün 59r; Üker

sar-a mön-ü tula. üker-ün bey-e qala(un bol¯u ebesün èiddlan idemüi 19r; üker-ün üsün mör

(arbasu ma(u 49r.

üker abubasu if one takes an ox (31v).

Üker èa( Ox hour: 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; ding üker èa( 7v; gi üker èa( 7v;

šin üker èa( 7v; küi üker èa( 7v; ii üker èa( 7v.

Üker (edür) Ox day: 8r, 8r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 19r, 34r, 34v, 37r,

37r, 37v, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v,

55v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; üker ötelküi üküküi 8v, 8v, 9v,

9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, [13v], 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

Üker (a¯ar Ox place: šitügen-ü eke Üker (a¯ar-a 9r.

Üker ¯il Ox year: 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; üker

¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v;üker ¯ilten 54r, 54v.

Üker sara Ox month: 19r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e Üker sara-dur

arban tabunügei 3v; ding üker sara 7v; gi üker sara 7v; šin üker sara 7v; küi üker sara 7v; ii

üker sara 7v; Töbedün-dür Üker sar-a 19r.

üker sur(abasu if one trains an ox (28v).

Üker-ün ger the house of the ox; Taurus; the 4th sign of the zodiac: nara Üker-ün ger-dür

oro(san-u tula üker qurièaqui sar-a bui 11r.

1015
GLOSSARY

üker-ün üsün the hair of the ox; a celestial palace; a star spirit; perhaps this refers to the

Chinese asterism niu, the ox, the constellation marking the winter solstice (Schlegel, 1967:

492): üker-ün üsün mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

ükü- to die: ükübesü 28v, 29r, 30r; kümün ükübesü 22v, 25r, 26r, 26r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 31v,

41v; nara sara ükübesü 27r, 32r; qorin naiman nasun-a ese ükübesü ¯iran nasulayu 61v;

ükügsen-dür buyan üiledbesü 22v, 29v; ükügsen-tür tüliši ögbesü 29r; okin kümün ükügsen-i

sonostaqu 57v; ötegü ükügsen-ü gerte-eèe morin qudaldubasu 31r; ükügsen kümün 24v;

ükügsen kümün-e tüliši ögbesü 26v; ükügsen kümün-dür tüliši ögbesü 29r; ükügsen kümün-ü

yasun tüleküi 27r; ükügsen kümün-dü(r) buyan üiledbesü 31r, 32r; ükügsen kümün-i

[=kümün-ü] yasun (ar(abasu 35v; ükügsen kümün-e ya(um-a kibesü 44r; amidu ba ükügsen

qoyar-un üile 29v; ükükü edür 27v; ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui 20r;

ulus-un noyan ükükü 27v; usun-dur ükükü ¯aya(atu bui 31r; e¯in inu ükükü 35r; èereg-ün

noyan ükükü 40r; beri ba(ul(abasu ükükü 40r; kümün ükükü 40r, 41r; ¯irüken metü amara(

köbegün ükükü 42r; bey-e inu ükükü 50r, 50r; ede ükükü beri bui ma(u 52r; em-e abubasu

qa(aèiqu ükükü ma(u bui 53r; arban kümün-eèe isün kümün-i ükükü maši ma(u edür bui

53v; qan kümün törö¯ü ükükü odun 59r; kümün ükükü ger baribasu 60r; ¯a(u qono(-du ükükü

60r; ötelküi üküküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui 45r; degerükei sedkilten ükümüi 28v;

köbegün töröbesü em-e-lüge-ben ülü ¯okildun bo(o¯u ükümüi 30v; (a¯ar ködelbesü usun

elbeg bol¯u amitan usun-dur ükümüi 31v; kümün üküyü 26r, 43r; ¯ir(u(an kümün üküyü 25r;

1016
GLOSSARY

köbegün töröbesü eèige inu üküyü 29v; üker üküyü 34r; morin (inu) üküyü 34r, 35r; burqan-u

e¯in mese-dür üküyü 34v

ükübesü if one dies (28v, 29r, 30r).

üküger corpse: üküger qara ¯arudasun odun 59r; üküger-i nomo(adqabasu 46v; üküger-ün

qan ada adalamui 26r; üküger-ün sünesün 35v; üküger-ün yasun ¯asabasu 36v; üküger-ün

abdara kibesü 37r; üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu 48v.

üküger-ün abdara kibesü if one makes a coffin for a corpse (37r).

ükügür-ün èidköd the demons of a corpse; cf. Mostaert DO, 548b and MMAD, 35, n. 92;

üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu 48v.

üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu if one suppresses the demons of a corpse (48v).

üküger-ün yasun ¯asabasu if one treats the bones of a corpse (36v).

ükügsed the dead; those who have died: ükügsed-dür buyan üiledbesü 21v, 25v, 30v;

ükügsed-dür tüliši buu ög 26r; ükügsed-ün yasun (ar(abasu tüliši ögbesü 28v; ükügsed-ün

nom 60v.

ükügsed-dür buyan üiledbesü if one performs meritorious deeds for the dead; this refers

to the buyanèi, the one assigned to care for the corpse when someone dies; (see RRS, 603);

ükügsed-dür buyan üiledbesü 21v, 25v, 30v.

ükügsed-dür tüliši ög- to offer a commemoration for the dead; see RRS, 616; ükügsed-dür

tüliši buu ög 26r.

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GLOSSARY

ükügsed-ün nom ?the book of the dead (60v). The reference is likely to a funerary text.

See the term ükügsed, a plural form of ükügsen (that which has died), in the Altan Saba

(Golden vessel [Krueger 1965: 232, passim; Sárközi 1989: 320]).

ükügsed-ün yasun (ar(abasu tüliši ögbesü if one takes out the bones of the dead or

offers a commemoration for the dead (28v).

ükül death: ükül ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ükülün e¯en 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r; Üker ükülün e¯en 8r; ükül-ün na(šidar 30v; ükül-ün segül 41r; ükül-ün segül

tasulbasu 32r; ükül-ün segül ülü tasuriyu 34r; usu (al qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün uèiral bui 46r;

ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r; ükül-ün yasun ü¯ekü üile 57r; Burvabalguni

Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui 60v.

ükülün e¯en [S. yama; Tib. gshin rje]; the lord of death; Erlig, Tib. gshin rje, for Yama, ruler

of the underworld, is also known as ükülün ejin "Lord of Death"; see ODT, 82; ükülün e¯en

9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

ükül-ün segül tasulbasu if one cuts the tail of death (32r).

ülde- to expel; exorcize an evil spirit: eliy-e üldebesü 27r.

üle- to remain, be left over (e.g., of mathematics): üligsen-i [=ülegsen-i] saban sara

bolumui 5r; üligsen [=ülegsen] ¯ir(u(an edür-<y>i nigedbesü 6v; ¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi 6v,

6v, 6v.

ülü sedükü non-devising; associated with sara-yin (al and perhaps also with tngri-yin (al,

it refers to days which are not good for any activity (Cornu 1997: 212); ülü sedükü 8r, 9r, 10r,

11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 47v.

1018
GLOSSARY

ündüsün [S. tantra; Tib. rgyud]; tantra (Lessing, 1191); roots (i.e. of plants); origin, basis:

Manjušari-aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur 1v; Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris-dur

nomlar-un 2r; ebesün-ü ündüsün kökemüi 2r; Banjar dakini-yin ündüsün 3r; (a¯ar-tur qamu(

nabèi ündüsün ur(umui 12r; Keriy-e-yin ündüsün-dür nomla(san 56v; Jagr-a sambura-yin

ündüsün-eèe . . . ¯okiyabai 2v; ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi gara( 2r; ündüsün-ü yosu(ar

37v; ed-ün ündüsün erke-yi bütügeküi 45v.

ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi gara( the planets sympathetic to the various parts of

rituals; the context here suggests the reckoning of the positions of the planets in order to find

the appropriate conditions for ritual practice; nigülesküi (compassion, sympathy) is the second

of the four boundless states which comprise one of the seven parts (gešigün) of tantric ritual

(ündüsün), (cf. Lessing, p. 1178, 1170, 1191); ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi gara( 2r.

ünegen fox: ünegen 59r; ünegen metü ma(u 27v.

ünemleküi [S. paramârtha; Tib. don dam pa]; truth; refers to the Buddhist doctrine of

absolute or supreme truth, as opposed to conventional or esoteric truth (ina(ungki) (Lessing,

1192): ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa 1v.

ünen truth; true; truly: ünen nom-un kürdün 13r; dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an

to(oladaqui 24v.

ünesün ash: modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v.

üniy-e cow: üniyen-ü 59r.

ür-e 1. seed, grain, fruit; 2. results; 3. progeny: aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r; aèi ür-e inu maši

yeke bol[u]yu 38r; aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e inu

1019
GLOSSARY

maši sayin bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e inu küsel-iyer bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e bütükü 46r; ür-e tariyan-

u sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r; ür-e tariyan ögbesü 30r; ür-e saèubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v,

29v, 32r; ür-e saèuqui 45v; ür-e ügei kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 27r; ür-e-ügei kümün-i ür-e-

tei bol(a(èi odun 33r; ür-e-ügei bol- 52v, 52v; qan kümün-i ür-e alda(ula(èi 33r, 33v; ür-e

tasulu(èi (odun) 34r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 59r; ür-e tasura- 41v, 52v, 52v, 61r; ür-e inu

ülü bayimui 34v; ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui 46r; ür-e sadun qa(aèiqu 46v; ür-e sadun

delgereged 52v; qoyitu ür-e (uyiranèi bolumui 47v; qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e inu bayan bolu(ad

47v; ür-e mal delgerekü sayin 52r; ür-e èuqa( 52r; ür-e-ügei kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun

33r; to(an-u aè'i ür-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggüi ü¯igülbe 1v; aèi ür-e-yin uèaral-iyar bolumui

46r; qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e inu bayan bolu(ad 47v.

ür-e saèubasu if one scatters seed (21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 32r).

ür-e sadun relatives: ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui 46r; ür-e sadun qa(aèiqu 46v; ür-e

sadun delgereged 52v.

ür-e tariyan produce (i.e. of agriculture): ür-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r; ür-e

tariyan ögbesü 30r

ür-e tariyan ögbesü if one gives produce (30r).

ür-e ügei (kümün) a man without progeny: ür-e ügei kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 27r; ür-e-

ügei kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun 33r; ür-e-ügei bol- 52v, 52v.

ür-e ügei kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu if one takes out the bones of a person without

descendants (27r).

1020
GLOSSARY

ürgül¯i seèig [Ch. wang nian qing; L. Rhodea Japonica]; the everlasting flower; so named

because it remains ever green; a marvelous plant in Chinese culture (cf. Doré, vol. 5, 1966:

732): qoyar odun-u düri inu ürgül¯i seèig metü bui 31r.

ürgül¯ide always: ürgül¯ide 52v; saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu sayin

ma(u aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r; egüride-yin uèiral-iyar ürgül¯ide ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 46r.

üsken (qur-a) drizzle (see Mostaert, DO, 764a); üsken qur-a oromui 11r; üsken qur-a-yin

èa( 14r; boro(an orobasu üsken bolqu 61r.

üsü(n) hair: ¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu üsün düyilü(èi tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r; (urban

odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün metü bui 30r; üker-ün üsün mör (arbasu

ma(u 49r; üsün kir(abasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v; üsün x 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r;

ede èa(tur üsün-i samla 51r; nigen kümün üsün-iyen ¯ayidèu 24r.

üsün kir(abasu if one cuts one’s hair (57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r,

58r).

üsüg letter; written grapheme; writing: qariqui edürün belge inu qara sa üsüg bui 20r; arši-

narun ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg bui 20r; ula(an üsüg bui 47v; do(šin edürün

belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r; šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v; qara

šingpüng-yin [=šingpüng-ün] belge inu qara zi üsüg bui 42v; ginggang ideši erikü edürün

belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v; Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi.

kemen ungšimui 35v; mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

saki(èi ebdegèi tüšigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v.

1021
GLOSSARY

vaèir [S. vajra; Tib. rdo-rje; Mong. dorji]; vajra, thunderbolt; a guru's weapon, symbolic of

the thunderbolt of Indra (Jupiter); (cf. Waddell, 27; ODT, 23); naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu

edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r; qariqui edürün belge inu ¯arimdu( vaèir bui 20r; dörben odun-

u düri vaèir metü bui 31r; vaèir 38r ¯arimdu( vaèir 38r.

Vima Vima is perhaps a truncated form of Vimala (MW, 979). In the manual there appears

to be two forms of Vima, one female, Queen Vima, daughter of heaven, known by the

nakshatra, Hasta, and another male, the supreme lord known as Celestial Vima (tngri-yin

Vim-a [39v]); the apparent Mongolian translation of Vima is found in an interrogative section

of the the Naran-u jirüken neretü sudur (Heart of the sun sutra; S. Sûryagarbhasûtra), a

source cited by the manual, in the form tngri-yin ökin (Kanjur, vol. 82, p. 532; see also

Bawden, "Astrologie und Divination bei den Mongolen," p. 327): bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a

neretü qatun buyu 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a

neretü qoyar odun bui 32v; Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v; Vim-a neretü qatun

Qasta buyu 34r; tngri-yin Vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü qoyar-

aèa törögsen köbegün inu (a¯arun e¯in qa(an kemegdeyü 39v.

vimading ? a celestial palace and star spirit: vimading kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin

49v.

yaba(an smallish: qoyar yaba(an üker 4v.

yabuqui odun the wandering stars, i.e., the sun, moon and planets: gara( ba yabuqui odun

bügüde-yi ¯i(a¯u ögsügei 32v.

1022
GLOSSARY

ya(šas/yaa(š-a [Tib. gnod sbyin; S. yaksha; Mong. qoor öggügèi]; a class of demigods,

guardians of riches attendants of the god of wealth (Bisman-Kubera), sometimes described

as evil (Lessing, 1172); cf. also RRS, 663; Waddell, 84; Cornu, 252; ODT, 32; Usun odun

kemebesü yaa(š-a-un [=yaa(š-a-yin] qa(an-u gara( büküy-yin tula. usun èinar bui 22v;

ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v, 38v.

ya(um-a kibesü if one makes something (44r).

ya(un ba abubasu if one takes anything whatsoever (25r, 28v).

yal-a punishment: qula(ai kibesü yal-a-dur oroqu 41r.

yal-a yangqa crime: yal-a yangqa qa(albasu 23r.

yal-a yangqa qa(albasu if one investigates a crime (23r).

yama(-a/yama(an/ima(an goat: qoni yama(-a sürüglebesü 31v; yama(an-u eber 21v;

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü 42v; ima(an-u 59r; ima(an-u terigün metü 59v.

Yang Gung-¯ii [=Yang Gung-yii] Yang Gungyi; Mostaert identifies Yang Gung yii in H.

A. Giles, A Chinese Biographical Dictionary, 1898, p. 909, as Iang Koung i, a celebrated

astronomer (1225-1294) (MMAD, 34, n. 91); see also Heissig and Bawden, 1971: 164 (¯ang

kög kemekü edür); arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u

edür-<y>i ü¯ekü anu 47r.

yar-a sore; scab; ulcer: yar-a šarq-a bolqu 50r.

yasu(n) bone: qara yasutu meneki mör [(arbasu] ma(u 49r; yasutu meneki metü 59v;

yasutu menekey-yin kürmeli 60r; kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 23r, 24v, 25v, 27r, 30v, 35v;

ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür 27r; ükügsed-ün yasun (ar(abasu 28v; yasun (ar(abasu

1023
GLOSSARY

30r, 31v, 40r, 41r, 42r, 43v, 44r, 47v; yasun buu (ar(-a ((ar(abasu) 33v, 34r, 43r, 55r;

kümün-ü yasun bulabasu 32r; kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi Tanis

buyu 33v; qa(uèin üküger-ün yasun ¯asabasu 36v; eèige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v;

kümün-ü yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r; yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu 55v; ükül-

ün yasun ü¯ekü üile bolqu 57r; mör ba yasun buu (ar(-a 58v.

yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu if one sets out bones or a dorma; yasun ba rdovarma

(ar(abasu 55v.

yasun (ar(abasu if one takes out bones (30r, 31v, 40r, 41r, 42r, 43v, 44r, 47v).

yegüd- to move to/away from smth.: gertür yegüdkü edür 6r.

yegüdke- to change one’s place of living: gertür yegüdkeküi-dür 6r; ülü yegüdken 7r.

yeke great; big: yeke 13r; a(ui yeke 1v; a(ui yeke na(šidar 25v; (aq-a) yeke kümün 4v,

57v; yeke sar-a 51v, 53r; ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a 6v; sara yeke bögesü 51v, 51v,

51v, 52v, 60r; saras-un yeke öèüken-i irekü bögesü 7r; yeke rid'i qubil(an ü¯egülügsen buyan-

tu sara 8r; yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; yeke salkin bolqu

14r, 15r; yeke küiten-ü èa( 17r; yeke qara edür 41v, 41v; yeke qara edürün belge 20v; yeke

erketü široy-yin èinar 24r; yeke ¯ud bolumui 25v; yeke kimor-du 26r, 26v, 27r; yeke (a¯ar 27r;

qaram sedkil yeke 27v; yeke kii ködelkü 27v; yeke na(adum 28v; yeke beligtü 30r, 31v;

qaram yeke biligtü 31r; yeke arad toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v; ker yeke üge ügülemüi 32v; yeke

öèüken odun bügüde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v; èo(tu yeke ¯a(an 33v, 34r; yeke amatu 33v;

yeke kölge-yi orèi(ulqu edür 34v; qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v; adistid yeke bolumui 37v,

38r; qoor qorom¯i yeke boluyu 38r; qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; aèi ür-e inu maši yeke

1024
GLOSSARY

bol[u]yu 38r; yeke èi(ul(an 38v; öber-ün dayan-u küèün yeke bögesü ber 39r; yeke küèütü

40r, 46r; yeke törö baribasu 41v; yeke negüdel yabubasu 41v; (ai qarši yeke bolqu 47v; yeke

erüger-dü bolumui 47v; yeke ma(u 50r; yeke sayin 50r, 53r, 54v; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul

50v; tngri-yin noqay-yin yabudal yeke kereg-dü bui 55v; yeke bayasqulang bolqu 56r, 56r;

tusa yeke bolqu 56v; (abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu 57r, 57v; yeke sun-a odun 59r; yeke (arul(-a-u

59v.

yeke kölge the Greater Vehicle, Mahâyâna Buddhism: yeke kölge-yi orèi(ulqu edür 34v.

yeke qara edür [Tib. nyi-ma nag-chen]; the great black day; this is an especially bad day

when various demons, Râhula in particular, run; (cf. TEDP 133): 41v, 41v;yeke qara edürün

belge 20v.

yeke sar-a a great month, i.e., a month with a full thirty days; contrast ba(-s sara and

öèüken sar-a: yeke sar-a 51v, 53r; ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a 6v; sara yeke bögesü

51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; saras-un yeke öèüken-i irekü bögesü 7r.

yeke sun-a odun ?: 59r.

yeke tngri great god; said to be a Mongolian deity absorbed into Buddhism (cf. Waddell,

372, n. 2); yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

yender platform; for the use of the platform in ritual, see RRS, 78; qota yender baribasu

42v.

yile year; written not as Mongolian ¯il; the use of Manchu initial y is not found in

Mongolian orthography before the 19th century and in the case of this term its use is not

1025
GLOSSARY

justified by the spoken language; cf. ¯ile in the Erdeni Tobèi (Sa(ang Secen 1991: 102-103):

¯a yii [=¯i] yile 7v; ii geng yile 7v; bing šin yile 7v; ding šim yile 7v; uu güi yile 7v.

yilig [?Uy. yilig]; “hot, warm” (Clauson 1972: 925); yilig 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 12v,

13v, 16v.

yirtinèü the world; the earth: yirtinèü-tekin-ü ¯obalang 2v; yirtinèü-teki ¯öng bilig 1v;

yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r; yirtinèü-teki arsalan quraèimui 14r; yirtinèü-teki<n>

okid üjügürkeküi èa( 15r; yirtinèü-teki dusul terigüten-i èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi 16r;

yirtinèü-teki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r; yirtinèü-teki numun qata(uu küèütü

bolumui 18r; yirtinèü-deki aliba sayin üiles üiledbesü 44v; yirtinèü-dür meneki-yin da(un

kögemei bolumui 13r; yirti[n]èü-yi ebdegèi 39v; yirtinèü-yin qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil

törömüi 12r; yirtinèü-yin üiles 38r.

yokibani [S. ?]; ? bow for the completion of: na(šidar-a sam-a yokibani 32r.

yosu(n) custom, doctrine, system: ¯ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu 3r; Dülb-a-yin yosu-yi

ta(ala(èin kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal inu tabun ¯üil bolu(ad nigen saban

sar-a bolumui 3v; nigen qono(-i ¯a(un möèi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun 6r; yosun medeküi

mergen 56v; to(an-u yosun-dur qono( tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-yi medekü kereg 3r;

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqa¯u narin-a ü¯egdeküi buyu 2v; bügüde-yin to(alal nigen yosutu

bol(an ü¯ebesü 4r.

yosu(ar according to the custom, rule or law: yosu(ar 32v; Široi odun-iyar ekilegsen-ü

yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Manjušari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar 2v; Enedk[e]g-

ün yosu(ar 2v, 2v; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi terigüten Kitad-un

1026
GLOSSARY

to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v; na(šidar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü

sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v; arban qoyar šitün

barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün-eèe Nagajun-a-yin ¯okiya(san yosu(ar ¯okiyabai

2v; ¯il kiged naiman ayima( terigüten (a¯ar usun-u e¯id ba èi(ulqui qariqui ba. qami(-a

sa(uqui terigüten-i Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v; Banjar dakini-yin ündüsün

kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür

šinelemüi 3r; yerü Suša( sar-a terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-un neres-iyer

nereyidkü inu nigen tokiyaldu(san-u tulada. ene yosu(ar ü¯egdekü 3r; qan tayiši tüšimed

yosu(ar odèu 21v; ündüsün-ü yosu(ar 37v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben

maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar ¯okiyasu(ai 45v; šagšabud-iyan

yosu(ar 56v.

yuu sui [Ch. yu “rain”; Ch. shui “water”]; constant rain; the second of the twenty-four joints

and breaths, occurring about February 19 to March 4; when the day begins at 6:53 a.m. and

ends at 6:14 p.m. (see Mathews 7662.16 [p. 1147] and Palmer, 66); ene on ¯uu [=yuu] sui 7r.

1027
 SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Subject Guide:

MATHEMATICS

Number

DIVINATION AND MAGIC

Elements

Color

Trigrams

Omen Protases

MEDICINE

THE SPIRIT WORLD: DEMONS AND DEITIES

BUDDHIST RITUAL AND LAW

ASTRONOMY/URANOGRAPHY

ORIENTATION

TIME RECKONING

WEATHER

AGRICULTURE

Animal Husbandry

Farming

Hunting and Fishing

PERSONAL NAMES

1028
SOURCES/REFERENCES

CULTURE

Burial and Death

Marriage

People

MATERIAL CULTURE

Books and Writing

Food and Drink

Implements

Metals

Structures

Waterworks

GEOGRAPHY

LANGUAGE

Foreign transcriptions

Uncertain terms

MILITARY

MUSIC

LIFE SCIENCE

Anatomy

Animals

Plants

1029
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

MATHEMATICS/ASTROLOGY

doto(adu to(-a internal mathematics, one of the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external,

internal and secret, according to the Kâlacakratantra (cf. Cornu 1997: 25-26): (ada(adu

doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v.

erdem knowledge, learning; science; skill, art, ability; wisdom; virtue; merit: erdem

sur(abasu 11r, 25r, 31r, 31v, 32r; bièig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v; erdem bilig kiged

nom-un ¯üil-dür duratai buyu 25v; odun erdem-<y>i to(olabasu 60v.

erdem bilig wisdom: erdem bilig kiged nom-un ¯üil-dür duratai buyu 25v.

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external,

internal and secret, according to the Kâlacakratantra (cf. Cornu 1997: 25-30); (ada(adu

doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v.

(urban to(-a the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external, internal and secret, according

to the Kâlacakratantra (cf. Cornu 1997: 25-26); (ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v.

(urban èa( 1v, 1v.

il(al classification; see BTD, 1995: 322, #4600 ff.; SE I, 219; ündüsün-ü gešigün-i

nigülesküi gara( ba edür-ün ilegüü duta(uu odun na(šidar-un kürdün qono(-un (urban ¯üil

il(al terigüten-i medegdekü 2r; qariqui ba. abqu gegeküi-yin il(al 2v; ma(u il(al 56v; èa(-un

il(al-<y>i medesügei 5r; sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v.

¯iruqai n. line, design; mathematics, calculation; astrology (Lessing 1062); matrix. In the

manual ¯iruqai refers to mathematics as the art of the matrix, ari(un gegen-e ¯iruqai-dur tegši

¯okiyabai 2v, biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(šidar 26r, ¯iruqai to(alabasu 31v; the

1030
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

term also refers to a symbol, kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui

20r, tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui 20v; isün ¯iruqai refers to the nine square

divination form (Tib. sme-ba dgu, Ch. jiu gong), isün ¯iruqai ene metü ¯iruyu 42v.

kem limit; measure: edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r.

ni(uèa (to(-a) secret mathematics; one of the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external,

internal and secret, according to the Kâlacakratantra (cf. Cornu 1997: 25-26); (ada(adu

doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v.

oron branch of learning: tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida Šingq-a sari 1v.

qubiya- to divide: urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu möèi-ber qubiya¯u qubi bol(an 5v; nigen

edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu. egüni arban qoyar èa(tur qubiya¯u amui 6r.

saèu(u/saèu(uu equal; equally: nigen dusul bolumui. tere kemebesü tngri-nerün nigen

amisqaqui-lu(-a saèu(uu bolumui 5v; edür söni saèu(u bol- 5v, 10r, 16r; qoyar deb-dür edür

söni saèu(uu bolu(san 6r; köbegün töröbesü JaŸarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saèa(uu boluyu 26v;

yabudal inu nara sara-lu(-a saèa(u yabumui 55r; eng terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-ü

qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu tegün-lu(-a [=tegün-lüge] nigen

da(un (arqui inu saèu(u-yin tula. nigen da(un (arumui 5r.

tabun oron the five sciences; Buddhist sciences are categorized into five major disciplines,

grammar, logic, metaphysics, medicine, and craftsmanship (art) and five minor sciences,

mathematics (astrology), poetics, prosody, synonymics and drama (Lessing, 1180; TEDP, 11);

tabun oron 1v.

1031
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

teng [Ch. deng/teng (Mathews, 6178 (p. 893))]; equal; Qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng šiu ¯un

bolbasu 6r; Naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r.

to(-a/to(an number; reckoning; mathematics, astrology: to(-a kiged to(an-u aè'i ür-e 1v;

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v; teyin böged arilu(san-u to(-a 2r; Manjušari

bodisü[n]g inü qara Kitad-un oron-dur to(-a terigüten-i ü¯egülügèi buyu 2r; qara Kitad-un

to(-a 2r; arban qoyar sarayin to(-a 2v; arban qoyar šitün barildaqui to(-a 2v; yerü ede to(-a

to(alaqui inu 4r; sar-a-yin to(-a medeküi kereg 4v; bièig to(-a sur(abasu 23r, 23v, 56v; bièig

to(-a em sur(abasu 26r; dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r; dolo(an odud-un to(-a

tegüsbe 31r; to(-a to(alabasu 31v; odun-u to(-a 59v; to(-a kiged to(an-u aè'i ür-e 1v; to(an-

u yosun 3r.

to(aèin mathematician: (qara) Kitad-un to(aèin-dur 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r; Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar 2v, 2v, 2v, 2v; Kitad-un to(oèin-u Bus sar-a 3r.

to(ala- to count, reckon: kürgen-eèe ¯öb to(ala 51v, 51v; sara yeke bögesü kürgen-eèe jöb

to(ala. 60r; sara ba(-a bögesü egüde-eèe buru(u to(ala 60r; saban sar-a-yi ülü meden

ürgül¯ide to(alabasu 4r; nigen on (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bol(a¯u to(alabasu 6v; arban qoyar

sar-a-i ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u to(alabasu 6v; to(-a to(alabasu 31v;

¯iruqai to(alabasu 31v; urbalügegüi-e to(ala(daqui 5v; dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v; bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki-yi to(ala¯u 5r; ebülün

dumdadu sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-aèa ekilen to(ala¯u 5v; (aqai nasu to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui 17r;

odun na(šidar-yi to(alaqu ügei-yin tulada 4r; ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa

qa(aèi(san-i uqa(sad bodgalis-dur to(alaqui 1v; Kitad to(alaqui šastir 2r; usun-iyar qono(

1032
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

to(alaqui yerü ta(alal 3v; yerü ede to(-a to(alaqui inu 4r; to(alaqui inu 5r; mergen kümün-ü

qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu 5r; dusul-iyar to(alaqui kemebesü

5r; biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai-dur to(alaqui na(šidar 26r; qubi to(alaqui-dur 5v; nigen qono(-i

¯a(un möèi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun inu 6r; (olomta-aèa ¯öb to(ola 51v; sara yeke bögesü

er-e-eèe ¯öb to(ola 51v; sara yeke bögesü kü¯ügün-eèe ¯öb to(ola 52v; er-e sar-a-yi aman-a‡a

¯öb to(ola 52v; ba(urai-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; nutu(-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; okin-aèa

buru(u to(ola 51v; sara ba(-a bögesü em-e-eèe buru(u to(ola 51v; sara ba(-a bögesü

buru(u to(ola 52v; Široi odun-iyar ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; odun erdem-yi

to(olabasu 60v; šinelegsen-eèe ekilen to(ola¯u 2v; kümün ba yerü qamu( amitan-i to(ala¯u

55r; qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse¯ü 38r.

to(alal counting, reckoning: bügüde-yin to(alal 4r.

tokiyaldu- to coincide with something: busud anu tokiyaldubasu ülü bolumui 60r; saran-

lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; yerü Suša( sar-a

terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-un neres-iyer nereyidkü inu nigen tokiyaldu(san-u

tulada 3r; ene saban ekilegsen ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r; sabanügey-eèe bolbasu qarši ¯il

tokiyaldumui 7r; önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sarayin arban tabun edüge ene on-u qubi

sarayin nigen šinide tokiyaldumui 7r; ügeyiregülügèi qara edür kemebesü yeke qara edür-lu(-

a [=edür-lüge] èöm tokiyaldumui 41v; öber öber nidün-iyer na(šidar kiged sar-a-lu(-a

tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r.

tokiyaldu(ul- to harmonize, make agree, match: ede belges-lu(-a tokiyaldu(ul¯u 5r;

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u (belgelemüi) 18r, 19r; qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a

1033
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u uèaral-un sayin ma(u-i üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r; okin-i

bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü kürdün bui egüni sayitur tokiyaldu(ul¯u medegdeküi 51r; ede okin-u

¯il bui tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯egdeküi 51r; ede odun na(šidar tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯e 52r; Kitad-un

to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v; ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v.

uèira-/uèara to meet, occasion: uèirabasu 47v; ma(u aran-lu(-a uèirabasu 22v; odun

na(šidar uèirabasu 37v; qoyar široi uèirabasu 45v; taulai edür Modun odun uèirabasu 46v;

Usun odun uèirabasu gergi olqu 46v; Usun odun Modun odun qoyar uèirabasu 46v;

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar noqai edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v; Burvasad Udarisad qoyar üker

edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar luu edür uèirabasu ma(u

46v; Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür Manjušari bodisü[n]g törögsen bolai

2v; lii-dür uèira(san beri-yi abubasu 54r; kon-dur uèira(san beri 54r; ken-dür uèira(san beri

54r; kam-dur uèira(san beri 54r; gin-dür uèira(san beri 54r; jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-a-bar

tata(ci beri 54v; sön-dür uèira(san beri 54v; aqa degüü qoyar kümün uèira¯u ¯i(a¯u öggümüi

25v; ülü uèiraqu uèiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; qola (a¯ar-a mör (arbasu buliyan

qula(ai-lu(-a uèiraqu 47v; ¯a(ur-a qula(ai uèiraqu 50r; darasun idegen-dür uèiraqu 58r;

qurim-dur uèiraqu 58r; qoyar usu uèarabasu rašiyan uèaral 45v; qoyar (al uèarabasu

delgereküi-yin uèaral 45v; qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v; usu široi

qoyar uèarabasu egüride aqu-yin uèiral 46r; (al kei qoyar uèarabasu yeke küèütü uèaral 46r;

široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r; usu kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü ¯okiqu

uèaral 46r; (al široi qoyar uèarabasu tüleküi-yin uèiral 46r; usu (al qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün

uèiral bui 46r; Nara Saran 'al Široi ede dörben odun uèarabasu dayisun-i ayul bolqu 46r;

1034
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Usun Altan odun uèarabasu aèi ür-e bütükü 46r; Modun odun uèarabasu nom kiged buyan

kešig delgerekü 46v; Baras morin noqai (aqai ede edüd-tü aliba odud uèarabasu sayin 46v;

Margašar Ardar qoyar qonin edür uèarabasu ma(u 46v; uèara(san bögesü altan gerel ungši

42v; darasun idegen uèaram 50r; aman-tur üge da(un uèaram 52v; okin töröbesü erketen-dür

uèaraqu 26v; široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r; ol¯a uèaraqu 49v; dayisun

uèaraqu 49v; küsel uèaraqu 49v; idegen umda(an uèaraqu 50r; idegen qurim uèaraqu 50r, 50r;

qula(ai-du uèaraqu 50r; ed tavar uèaraqu 50r, 50r; idegen umda(an uèaraqu 50r; ebedèin-

dü(r) uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ebedèin ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ükül ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; bariy-a küriy-

e-dü uèaraqu 50r; idegen-dü uèaraqu 50r; ada-du uèaraqu 50r.

uèiral/uèaral meeting; occasion; fate; circumstances: edür-ün odun-u sayin uèiral 38r;

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar

¯okiyasu(ai 45r; usu široi qoyar uèarabasu egüride aqu-yin uèiral 46r; (al široi qoyar

uèarabasu tüleküi-yin uèiral 46r; usu (al qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün uèiral bui 46r; odun ¯il

qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-<y>i il(a¯u bièisügei 46r; egüride-yin uèiral-iyar

ürgül¯ide ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 46r; küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r; ülü uèiraqu

uèiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; ülü ¯okiqu uèiral-iyar ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui

olgiqui üiles-dür sayin 46r; tüleküi-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r; edür-lu(-a

[=edür-lüge] odun qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r; odun ba

na(šidar-un uèaral 2v; edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküy-yin uèaral boluyu

44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui 44v;

1035
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui 45r; qoyar široi uèirabasu

šidei bütüküi-yin uèaral 45v; qoyar usu uèarabasu rašiyan uèaral 45v; qoyar (al uèarabasu

delgereküi-yin uèaral 45v; qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v; (al kei

qoyar uèarabasu yeke küèütü uèaral 46r; široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r;

usu kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü ¯okiqu uèaral 46r; beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene

bui 52r; na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-<y>i eyin uqa(daqui 45v; ene uèaral-i sayitur

ü¯igdeküi 46r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui 45r; šidi

bütüküi-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü 45v; rašiyan-u uèaral-iyar amin nasun delgereyü 45v;

delgereküi uèaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral-iyar sedkigsen

bütüyü 45v; ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r; odun na(šidar tusbüri sayin bögesü

aèi ür-e-yin uèaral-iyar bolumui 46r; ¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v;

qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u uèaral-un sayin ma(u-i

üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r; ¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u

bièisügei 48r.

uqa(-a/uqa(an [S. vidyâ]; knowledge, a branch of learning, discipline; see Cerensodnom

and Taube (1993: 225a): (urban èa(-un uqa(-a 1v; (urban èa(-i uqa(-a inaru ¯ir(alang-yi

küsebesü 1v; uqa(an sur(abasu 23v, 23v.

urbal ügei invariably: urbalügegüy-e to(ala(daqui 5v.

üle- to remain, be left over (e.g., of mathematics): üligsen-i [=ülegsen-i] saban sara

bolumui 5r; üligsen [=ülegsen] ¯ir(u(an edür-<y>i nigedbesü 6v; ¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi 6v,

6v, 6v.

1036
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

NUMBER

nigen one: nigen 3r, 3r, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5v, 5v,

5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 20v, 20v, 22v, 23r, 24r, 24r,

24v, 26v, 28v, 28v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 34r,

34r, 36v, 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v,

48r, 48r, 51r, 52r, 54v, 55r, 56r, 56r, 59r, 59r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 60v, 60v, 60v; nigen šin-e 2r,

8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40r, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v; šinein nigen 41v;

nigen edür 22r, 42r; Nigen sar-a 48v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v.

ni¯iged/ne¯iged [=ni¯eged] one each; one by one: ne¯iged ne¯iged/ni¯iged ni¯iged 6r, 6r;

edür söni qoyar-<y>i ulam ne¯iged ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü 5v; ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür

yegüdkü 6r; edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui 6r; öèüken ¯il-lu(-a [=¯il-lüge] ni¯iged

odun bui. ni¯iged gara( bui. ni¯iged gara(-lu(-a ni¯iged èa( bari(èi bui 33r.

qošiyad two each: nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a ¯üg odqui-dur nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende

qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; tegüni qošiyad qošiyad qono(-un odun na(šidar-<y>i

to(alaqu ügey-yin tulada. qono( tasuramui kememüi 3v.

qoya(ula both: bombo aq-a degüü qoya(ula ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 26r.

qoyar two: qoyar 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 26v, 37v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v,

44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v,

1037
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

46v, 46v, 55v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61v; qoyar yaba(an

üker 4v; qoyar ¯üil 5r; qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v; qoyar qubi 5v; qoyar deb 6r, 6r;

nigen edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu 2r; Qoyar sara 6r, 9r, 9r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r,

41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r,

60v; qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür 6v; qoyitu qoyar ¯il 7r; qoyar šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; šinein qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 39r, 53r, 56v; qoyar qara dusul 20v, 43r;

qoyar kümün 23r, 26r, 41r; aqa degüü qoyar (kümün) 25v, 26r, 30r; qoyar ger 23r; qoyarba

dörben ba ba(ura(san bandi bombo qoyar-un nigen köbegün 24v; qoyar ¯aya(an 27r; qoyar

odun 32v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; qoyar odun-u düri inu qulu(an-a metü bui 27v; qoyar

odun-u düri inu ildün metü bui 28r; qoyar odun-u düri inu ürgül¯i seèig metü bui 31r; qoyar

odun-u düri inu tergen metü bui 31v; qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v;

degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a neretü qoyar odun bui 32v; Mahašuvari tngri kiged

Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r; qoyar široi uèirabasu

45v; qoyar usu uèarabasu 45v; qoyar (al uèarabasu 45v; qoyar kei uèarabasu 45v; usu široi

qoyar uèarabasu 46r; (al kei qoyar uèarabasu 46r; široi kei qoyar uèarabasu 46r; usu kei qoyar

uèarabasu 46r; (al široi qoyar uèarabasu 46r; usu (al qoyar uèarabasu 46r; qoyar sayiqan

köbegün törömüi 52v; qoyar qulu(an-a ¯iltü er-e em-e bolbasu 54v; qoyar üker ¯iltü uru(

èuqa( bayan sayin 54v; qoyar baras ¯iltü uru( cögen bayan sayin 54v; qoyar taulai ¯iltü

köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar luu ¯iltü uru( èögen ügegüü bui 54v; qoyar mo(ai ¯iltü

köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar morin ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar qonin

1038
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

¯iltü uru( olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar beèin ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar takiy-a

¯iltü köbegün uru( èuqa( bolu(ad keregürèi ma(u 54v; qoyar noqai ¯iltü köbegün èögen

keregürèi ma(u 54v; qoyar (aqai ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan sayin bui 54v; tngri-yin Vim-a

neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün 39v; qono(

tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-<y>i medekü kereg 3r; edür söni qoyar-<y>i ulam ne¯iged

ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü 5v; qoyar-du aliba üiles ülü üiledkü 24v; Mul Abiji qoyar-du ¯arli(

nom medekü bolumui 37v; terigün gedesün qoyar-tu beri ab 55v; amidu ba ükügsen qoyar-un

üile-dür sayin 29v; ¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v.

(urba(ad three by three: (urba(ad (urba(ad 3v

(urba(ula three together (26r).

(urban three: (urban 27r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 43r, 51v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 55v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 60r; (urban èa( 1v, 1v; (ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa

(urban to(-a 1v; (urban ¯üil 46r; qono(-un (urban ¯üil 2r; (urban ¯il 3r, 4r, 42r, 58v, 58v;

(urban on 6v; 'urban sar-a/sara 5v, 10r, 10r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60v; qaburun (urban sara 42r,

42r, 55r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 42r, 55r; namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r; ebülün (urban

sara 42r, 42r, 55r; (urban adqu 6r; (urban šin-e 8v, 9v, 10r, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v;

(urban qara dusul 20v, 46v; (urban nidütü dörbel¯in 20v, 44r; (urban edür 24r, 38r; (urban

odun 26r, 26v, 27r, 29v, 30r, 31r, 32r, 32r, 56v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v;

(urban kümün 28v; (urban köl 32r; (urban (urban-du ma(u 37v; (urban sayin (urban

1039
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dumda. (urban eèüs 46r; (urban kürdün 48v, 51v; (urban tib 55r; (urban-a 44r; (urban

(urban-du ma(u 37v.

dörben four: dörben 27r, 38r, 39v; nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben

qono( tasuraqui 3v; nigen èa(tur naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; qulu(an-a

èa(-un uridu dörben möèe mön edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; qoyitu dörben möèi mana(ar-un

edür-dü (ada(adu bui 6v; dörben šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14r, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v; šinein dörben 44v; arban

dörben 3v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r, 39v, 40v, 40v, 41v,

47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56v; qorin dörben 6r, 6v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 39v, 41v, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 55v; (uèin

dörben 8r, 12r, 14r, 18r; Dörben sar-a 11r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur. Dörben

sar-a 11r; dörben kümün 27r, 31r; dörben odun 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 61r; dörben odun-u

düri inu jindamuni metü bui 28v; dörben odun-u düri a(ula metü 29r; dörben odun-u düri inu

segül metü bui 30r; dörben odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v; dörben odun-u düri

vaèir metü bui 31r; dörben ekin sara 38r; dörben terigün sara 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r; dörben

dumdadu sara 38r, 41v, 48r, 49r; dörben dumda sara 48v; dörben eèüs sara 38r, 41v, 48r, 48v,

49r; qoyar sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a söni düli dörben èa(-iyan-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui

38v; dörben šimnus-ud 38v; dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar

¯okiyasu(ai 45r; qulu(an-a üker-lu(-a Nara Saran 'al Široi ede dörben odun uèarabasu

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ayul bolqu 46r; dörben dörben ma(u 48v; dörben ¯obkis 54r, 54r;

1040
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dörben ¯obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v; beri-yin dörben šilmus 52r; qa(aèiltu dörben edür anu

59r; dörben èa(-un a(ur oroqu-yin uridu nigen edür bolai 59v; dörben ür-e tasura(san odun

kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar. Abaji Barani qoyar buyu 61r; dörben tan odun kemebesü

Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r; dörben belbesün odun kemebesü Kerteg

Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan kiged buyu 61r; Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun

dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden

dörben odun èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun

qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v; dörben terigün odun-dur adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v; dörben

eèüs odun-dur qutu( ülü oroši(ulqu bui 61v; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu qoyarba dörben ba

ba(ura(san bandi bombo qoyar-un nigen köbegün oroldun qula(uyu 24v; dörben-e 38r, 55v,

56r; arban sarayin arban dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e 38v; önör dörben-dü kümün 24v.

tabu(n) five: tabun 37v, 40r, 56v, 56v, 60r, 60r, 60v; tabun oron 1v; tabun gara( 2r; tabun

¯üil 3v; tabun šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v. 19v, 39r, 39v,

40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r; Tabun sara 12r, 12r, 37v,

38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 50v; tabun kümün 22r, 24r, 26v, 43r; tabun edür 22r; tabun quya(-du kümün 23v; tabun

odun 25v, 28r, 30v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 61r; šin-e-yin (šinein) tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 53r, 53r,

56v; tabun dakini 49v; tabun qalqala(èi 60r; tabun maqabud 61r; tabun-a 38r, 55v.

¯ir(u(an six: ¯ir(u(an 25r; qamtudqui-yin ¯ir(u(an qubi-dur šitü¯ü 2r; ¯ir(u(an ere

sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r; ¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r;

¯ir(u(an qono( tasura- 3r, 3r; qono( tasura(san ¯ir(u(an sar-a 3v; ¯ir(u(an amisqaqui 5v;

1041
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

¯ir(u(an sar-a 5v; ¯ir(u(an qono( 5v; ¯ir(u(an tedüiken qubi 5v; edür ¯ir(u(an èa( 5v; söni

¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u 5v; ¯ir(u(an qubi 6r, 6r; ¯ir(u(an edür 26v; ¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi 6v,

6v, 6v; ¯ir(u(an edür-yi nigedbesü nigen saban sara bolumui 6v; ¯ir(u(an yeke (sar-a) 6v;

¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a 6v; ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r; edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi söni

(uèin dörben qubi 8r; söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r; edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 13r; söni qorin

¯ir(u(an qubi 14r; edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 18r; söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r; ¯ir(u(an orod

8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; ¯ir(u(an šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v,

15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v,

50v, 50v; šinein ¯ir(u(an 38r, 38r, 53r; ®ir(u(an sara 13r, 13r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r,

41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; ¯ir(u(an

kümün 25r, 25r, 26r; ¯ir(u(an odun 25r, 27r, 27v, 29v, 59v, 59v; ¯ir(u(an qadu(ur odun 32v,

33v; ¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu 34r; ¯ir(u(an na(šidar 56v; ¯ir(u(an-a 39v, 55v;

¯ir(u(an-a 43r; ¯ir(u(an-a tarqamui 38r.

dolo(an seven: dolo(an 56v; nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür

düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u

següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür

düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-

<y>i medegdeküi tegüsbe 6r; Dolo(an (sar-a) 14r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 56v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur

Dolo(an sar-a 14r; qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u uèaral-

1042
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

un sayin ma(u-[y]i üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r; dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün

50v; dolo(an odun 59v; dolo(an ba ese bögesü isün qono(-tu oldayu 23r; dolo(an edür-e

oldayu 27r, 29v; dolo(an edür-dü oldayu 29v; dolo(an edür oldayu 31r; ene dolo(an edür

(a¯ar köndebesü gemügei 58v; dolo(an alqu (a¯ar-a 23v; dolo(an kümün 29r; adu(usun

¯ibqarabasu doron-a ¯üg-ün dolo(an kümün qula(u¯u amu 27r; doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u

dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r; emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un dolo(an na(šidar anu tegüsbe

29r; örön-e ¯üg-ün altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegüsbe 31r; umara ¯üg-ün usun-u dolo(an

na(šidar tegüsbe 32r; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan

ede dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar 45v; Kerteg Barani Šuša(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig

Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v; Ašivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margišar

Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v; dolo(an orong(-a-du

tama(-a-dur sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v; dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu]tama(-a

Udarisad buyu 34r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui 44v; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui 45r; šim[n]us-un ila(u(san

dolo(an edür 45r; dolo(an dolo(an isün isün-e ma(u 53r; dolo(an öl¯eyitü bayan odun 59r;

dolo(an šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 40r, 41v,

43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v; ¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-

a dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi 8r; šinein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r; dolo(an-a 56r; dörben dumdadu

1043
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sarayin (urban dolo(an-a èi(ulumui 38r; yerü (urban dolo(an-a beri buu ab 51v; dolo(anta

qa[š]k[i]rèu 21v; ¯egün köl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu 24r.

Dolo(an (sar-a) the seventh month (14r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 56v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an

sar-a 14r).

dolo(an šin-e the seventh day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v; ¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi 8r; šinein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r).

naiman eight: naiman 27r, 38r; naiman ayima( 2v; naiman ayima( terigüten-ü èi(ulqui

qariqui 2v; naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adusun bui 20r;

naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r; naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu

temeèildübesü 35r; naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an inu yerü dörben ekin sarayin (urban isün-

e èi(ulumui 38r; Mahašuvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigüten-

iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r; tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigüten bügede Sümber a(ula-yin

orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u Mahašuvari terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

èinggeldümüi 38v; isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud

küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; kögeler sara büküli èi(ulqui bögetele

qorin isün-e söni düli tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bügüde ba yeke èi(ul(an buyu

38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud qariqui inu 39r; naiman luus-ud qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui

38v; nigen èa(tur naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; Naiman sara 15r, 15r, 37r,

38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r,

1044
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r;

naiman ¯il 41r; naiman odun 59v; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui 60v; naiman öber-

ün odun 60v; naiman šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v,

38v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56v,

56v; šinein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r, 53r, 53r.

isün nine: önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sarayin arban tabun edüge ene on-u qubi sarayin

nigen šinide tokiyaldumui 7r; Isün sara 16r, 16r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; isün adqu široi 22r;

isün aya(-a usun 22r; isün kümün 22r, 22v, 26r, 27v, 53v; isün ger 22v; isün qono( 23r; isün

doboèa( široi 23v; isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür kemekü na(šidar bui 25r;

isün odun 26r; egüdügsen isün tngri-yi uribasu 28v; isün ¯üil tariyan 30r, 31r; isün ¯üil öngge-

dü keb-üd 32v; isün gara( 32v; isün ¯iruqai 42v; isün ¯uil modu 50v; nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-

yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad buyu 34r, 59r; nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi

Abiji buyu 34r; isün isün-e ma(u 53r; isün šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 54r; šinein isün 39v, 41v, 44v; arban isün 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 54r; qorin isün 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

37v, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 58v; qorin isün bitegüü bolumui 3r;

isün-e 38r, 56r; isün isün-e ma(u 53r; arban isün-e 10r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 53r, 56r; qorin

1045
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

isün-e 11r, 12r, 38v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 47v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r; ¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-

eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r.

arban ten: arban 37r, 38v, 39v, 44r, 55v; arban šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; šine(-yin) arban

38r, 38r, 53r, 56v, 56v, 58v; arban qubi bolbasu nigen möèi bui 6r; arban adqu bolbasu nigen

qubi bui 6r; arban alqum 6v, 6v; Arban sara 17r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50r, 60r, 60v; arban kümün 53v;

arban-a öl¯eyitü sayin 56r.

arban nigen eleven: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r,

53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 58v; Arban nigen sara 18r, 18r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v,

41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v.

arban qoyar twelve: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v,

39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 53r, 56r, 56v; Arban qoyar

sara 2v, 3r, 3r, 5r, 6v, 7v, 32v, 41v, 60r, 60v; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; arban qoyar

sarayin èo(tu edür 47r; arban qoyar sarayin yang gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u

edür-<y>i ü¯ekü 47r; arban qoyar sarayin Modun gokimoi 48r; arban qoyar šitün barildaqui

2v, 2v; arban qoyar èa( 6r; arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50r;

arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v; arban qoyar ¯il 34r; na(šidar-lu(-a

arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v; arban qoyar e¯in 35v; arban qoyar

1046
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

gdanm-a 38v; arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün ene bui 50r;

arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v.

arban (urban thirteen; the thirteenth day: 2r, 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v, 56v.

arban dörben fourteen; the fourteenth day: 3v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 38r, 38v, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

56r, 56v.

arban tabun fifteen; the fifteenth day: 2r, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 6v, 7r, 8r, 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16r, 16r, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 53r,

53r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 58v; edür arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; söni arban tabun

tedüiken qubi 5v; arban tabun odun 33r.

arban ¯ir(u(an sixteen; the sixteenth day: 3r, 5v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r,

44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v.

arban dolo(an seventeen; the seventeenth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 44v, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56r.

arban naiman eighteen; the eighteenth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r

1047
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

arban isün nineteen; the nineteenth day: 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r.

qorin twenty; the twentieth day of the month: qorin 40v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 53r; qorin nasun

61v; qorin-a 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r,

43r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 56r.

qorin nigen the twenty-first day of the month: 8v, 9r, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43v, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r.

qorin qoyar the twenty-second day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 58v.

qorin (urban the twenty third day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r.

qorin dörben twenty-four; the twenty-fourth day of the month: 8r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r,

55v, 56r; qorin dörben a(ur èa(; tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r;

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür-dü uridu üligsen ¯ir(u(an edür-<y>i nigedbesü nigen

saban sara bolumui 6v; qorin dörben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un sayin

ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi. söni qorin dörben qubi 13r; edür qorin

dörben qubi. söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r.

1048
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qorin tabun the twenty-fifth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 37r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47v,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 54r, 55v, 56r.

qorin ¯ir(u(an twenty-six; the twenty-sixth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r; edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r; edür (uèin

dörben qubi. söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r

qorin dolo(an the twenty-seventh day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18r, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 56r.

qorin naiman twenty-eight; the twenty-eighth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v,

44r, 44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r; edür qorin naiman qubi söni (uèin

qoyar qubi 9r, 17r; edür (uèin qoyar qubi. söni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r; qorin naiman

na(šidar 21r, 24v, 60v, 61r; qorin naiman odun 32v; qorin naiman nasun 61v.

qorin isün twenty-nine; the twenty-ninth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12r, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 38v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r, 58v; ¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü

qono(ügei bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei-yin tula-da qorin isün bitegüü bolumui

3r.

(uèi(ad thirty each: ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r.

1049
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(uèin thirty: (uèin 40v, 41v, 44r, 53r, 53r; degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun

terigün Baras sar-a-dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3r;

Luu sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Morin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uèin

qono(ügei 3v; Beèin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; 'aqai

sara-dur (uèinügei 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; (uèin qono( nigen sar-a 5r;

(uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v; (uèin möèi nigen qubi 5r; (uèin qubi nigen

qono( 5r; (uèin edür-<y>i inü nigen saban sara bol(abasu ¯ir(u(an edür inu ülemui 6v;

Naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v; Isün

sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü 38v; Arban nigen

sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e erlig-üd-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38v; (uèin-a 8v, 9v, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 56r, 58v.

(uèin qoyar thirty-two: edür qorin naiman qubi söni (uèin qoyar qubi 9r, 17r; edür (uèin

qoyar qubi. söni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r; (uèin qoyar odun 59v; emegen-ü sünesün

na(šidar (uèin qoyar odun düri inu ong(uèa metü bui 31v; (uèin qoyar okin tngri 32v.

(uèin dörben thirty-four: edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r; edür

(uèin dörben qubi. söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r.

(uèin ¯ir(u(an thirty-six: arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a

bol(a¯u to(alabasu basa ¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi. (urban on-dur (uèin ¯ir(u(an edür bolumui

6v; edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi. söni qorin dörben qubi 13r; edür qorin dörben qubi. söni (uèin

¯ir(u(an qubi 19r

1050
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

döèin dolo(an forty-seven: önggeregsen döèin dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bögesü tere

sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v; döèin dolo(an on-du saban

ügei bögesü uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v.

¯iran sixty: ¯iran da(un nigen möèe 5r; ¯iran möèi nigen qubi 5v; ¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen

qono( bolumui 5v; ede önggetü ¯il orobasu ¯iran ¯üil il(a¯u ü¯e 52r; ¯iran nasulayu 61v, 61v.

dala(n) seventy: qorin nasun-aèa önggerebesü dalan nasulayu 61v.

nayan eighty: nayan nasula- 61r, 61r, 61v.

¯a(u(n) one hundred: ¯a(u qono(-du tüimer šitaqu 60r; ¯a(u qono(-du ükükü 60r; nigen

qono(-i ¯a(un möèi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun 6r; nigen edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi

buyu 6r; Savadai na(šidar kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi na(šidar 28v; nigen

kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Suvadi buyu 33v;

nigen gegün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen gegün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Burvabadaribad

buyu 33v; nigen üker-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen üker-<y>i ¯a(un bol(a(èi

Rôkini buyu 33v; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un

bol(a(èi Asli( buyu 33v; nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r;

nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi Rivad'i buyu 33v; ¯a(un amin-dur kürümüi

47v.

(urban ¯a(un ¯iran three hundred sixty (5r, 6v, 33r).

(urban ¯a(un ¯iran ¯ir(u(an three hundred sixty-six (6v).

dolo(an ¯a(un qorin seven hundred twenty: dolo(an ¯a(un qorin èa( bui 33r.

1051
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

DIVINATION AND MAGIC

abalabasu/ab’labasu conv. con. 1. if one hunts in a drive; 2. if one allures, seduces; 3. if one

hurts through magic incantations; abala- “to hunt in a drive” must be distinguished from abla-

“to seduce”; “to hurt through magic”; the orthography gives only abalabasu; in some instances

context gives a hint to the translation, i.e., köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü ab’labasu 36r; okin

bo(talabasu (uyubasu ab’labasu 36v; okin bo(talabasu ab’labasu 37r; other occurrences are

less certain; the translation given is “if one hunts in a drive”, but perhaps the “if one hurts

through magic incantations” is correct: abalabasu 22v, 26v, 32r, 36v.

aèi ür-e result, consequence; to(an-u aè'i ür-e 1v; sayin ma(u aèi ür-e 4r; aèi ür-e inu maši

yeke bol[u]yu 38r; aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e inu

maši sayin bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e inu küsel-iyer bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e bütükü 46r; aèi ür-e-yin

uèaral-iyar bolumui 46v.

ba(ši a master; learned lama; conjurer; Nagajun-a ba(ši 3r, 4r; ba(ši kümün-i èidker

bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi (odun) 33v, 33v; ba(ši on-du ülü kürkü 41r; Nagajun-a ba(ši-

yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 49v.

belge sign, symbol, attribute: belge 3v, 4v, 58r; Baras sara mön-ü tula belge inu baras

¯ul¯a(alamui 8r; Taulai sara mön-ü tula belge inu modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai

mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad qošiyalamui 9r; Luu sara mön-ü tula. belge inu a(ur oroqui-dur luu

dong(oddumui 10r; Morin sara mön-ü tula. belge inu morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge

¯üsün güièimüi 12r; Qonin sara mön-ü tula. belge inu qonin èaddu(ad tar(u güièi¯u 13r; Beèin

sara mön-ü tula belge inu modun cim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan

1052
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

te¯igemüi 14r; Takiy-a sara mön-ü tula belge inu qamu( šiba(un tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui

15r; Noqai sara mön-ü tula belge inu noqai quraèi¯u [=qurièa¯u] qošiyalamui 16r; 'aqai sar-a.

mön-ü tula belge inu (aqai nasu to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui 17r; Qulu(an-a sara mön-ü tula belge

inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-eèe ülü (arumui 18r; öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede

qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; belge inu ögede qandu(san jindamuni erdeni 44v; rašiyan edür-

ün belge erdini bui 20r; belge inu degegši qandu(san erdeni 44v; èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a

bui 20r; belge inu qumq-a ene bui 47r; naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu

doro(ši qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adasun 39r; qariqu

edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; belge inu ögede qandu(san (adasun bui

39r; luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r; belge inu köke na(ur bui 39v;

qariqui edürün beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r; belge inu ula(an nara bui 39v; (a¯ar-un e¯ed

èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; qariqui edürün belge inu qara sa üsüg bui 20r;

ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui 20r; belge inu doro(ši qandu(san

jindamuni ene bui 45r; šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r;

belge inu doro(ši qandu(san subur(-a 45r; šim[n]us-i ila(u(san edürün belge inu qara nara

bui 20r; belge inu qara ene bui 45r; Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge inu tong(ori( bui

20r; belge inu tong(ori( bui 47r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui 20r; belge

inu gabala ene bui 47r; erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui

20r; qariqui edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu

edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r; belge inu vaèir bui 38r; qariqui edürün belge inu ¯arimdu(

vaèir bui 20r, 38r; arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg bui 20r; belge inu ula(an

1053
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

üsüg bui 47v; kelinèitü edürün belge inu qara èindamuni bui 20r; belge inu qara jindamuni

ene bui 45r; kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui 20r; do(šin

edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r; šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v;

qara šingpüng-yin [=šingpüng-ün] belge inu qara zi üsüg bui 42v; Bati bata güikü edürün

belge inu ala( nidün bui 20v; ginggang güikü edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v;

belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 43r; baling do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul bui

20v; belge inu nigen ula(an dusul bui 40r; öèüken qara edürün belge nigen qara dusul bui

20v; belge ene qara dusul 41v; ügegürügülügèi edürün belge (urbal¯in ula(an bui 20v; yeke

qara edürün belge inu (urbal¯in qara bui 20v; tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui

20v; qo(osun edürün belge (urban qara dusul bui 20v; belge inu (urban qara dusul ene bui

45v; (uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v; belge inu ala( dusul bui

43v; tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; belge inu ala( debeskir bui 43r;

gara( ideši erikü edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v; belge inu dörbeljin qara debesker

ene bui 44r; tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge doro(ši qandu(san qara sara bui 20v;

ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v; ebdegèi edürün belge inu qada(ur

bui 20v; belge inu qara qada(ur 43v; (a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban

nidütü dörbel¯in bui 20v; belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in 44r; tüleküi edürün belge anu

solbi(san qara ¯iruqai 20v; belge inu solbi(san qara ¯iruqai 44v.

belgele- to signify, prognosticate: (a¯ar-<y>i beleglebesü 23r; qorin dörben-e saran-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemüi 8r; qorin nigen-e ür-e tariyan-u

sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r; arban isün-e buuday-yin sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 10r; qorin

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dolo(an-a saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u belgelemüi 18r; qorin tabun-a sara-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u belge ü¯imüi [=ü¯emüi] 19r.

belges [pl. or belge]; signs: ede belges-lu(-a [=belges-lüge] tokiyaldu(ul¯u 5r.

bošu( prophecy: bošu( abubasu 34v.

bütü- to (magically) succeed, be fulfilled, accomplished: qariyal keyibesü (urban ¯il-dü ülü

bütükü 42r; üile nigen edür-dü bütükü edür bui 42r; kelinèitü üiles üiledbesü bütükü 45r;

do(šin üiles ba küèütü üile üiledbesü ödtör bütükü 45r; qan kümün üiles bütükü 45v; busu-

ber öndür bütükü üiles 45v; aèi ür-e bütükü 46r; sedkil bütükü 46v; küsel bütükü 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 58v; küsel-iyen bütükü 49v, 49v; üiles bütükü 49v, 50r, 50v;

aliba üiles bütükü 50r, 50r; üile bütükü 49v, 58r; kereg bütükü 49v; aši( tusa bütükü 49v;

(abiy-a-tu üiles bütükü 50r; sedkigsen üile bütükü 58r; qoyar široi uèirabasu šid’i bütüküy-yin

uèaral 45v; šidi bütüküy-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü 45vaši( tusa bütüküi 45v; qamu( küsel

bütümüi 38r; qariyal ügegüy-e bütümüi 39r; saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu

sayin ma(u aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r; šidi bütüküy-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü 45v;

sedkigsen bütüyü 45v.

bütügèi that which accomplishes; translation of Chinese ch’eng/cheng “to accomplish”; (9th

of the twelve lords of the day): bütügèi 35v; èeng bütügèi edür 36v; bütügèi odun 59r.

bütüge- [caus. of bütü-]; to accomplish, fulfill, succeed in doing something: öèügüken tusa

bütügebesü 16r; öber-ün tusa bütügebesü 22v; ed bütügebesü 23v; burqan bütügebesü 26r;

nasun bütügebesü 28r, 34v; šim[n]us bütügebesü 28r; mör bütügekü-yin urida kimor bolqu

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

41r; Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui 60v; öndör bütügekü üiles 61r; min

nasun bütügeküi 45v; ed-ün ündüsün erke-yi bütügeküi 45v.

èa(-un sayin ma(u the good and bad auspices of the hours (8r, 50v).

èo(tu [S. çrî; Tib. dpal (ldan)]; auspicious, blessed, holy: èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a bui

20r; arban qoyar sarayin èo(tu edür 47r; èo(tu yeke ¯a(an-dur tariyan buu tari 33v; èo(tu

yeke ¯a(an Mig buyu 34r.

èoga [Tib. èo-ga]; the way or method of doing a thing, esp. used of magic performances

(Jäschke, 161); luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü 22r; ugiyaqui èoga üiledbesü 31r; èoga kibesü

32r; tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü 30v; èoga-yin üile 45v.

èoga-yin üile works of magical performance (45v).

iro-a omen, presage, auspice: Qulu(an-a edür iru-a buu ü¯e 34r; Qulu(an-a edür iru-a ülü

ü¯ekü 57r; ger-eèe x sayin iru-a bui 57v.

isün ¯iruqai magic square (42v); cf. Cornu 1997: 102-107.

iši(n) 1. stem; 2. prophecy; 3. principal or first wife of a noble: iši ü¯igülbesü 28r; iši buu

ü¯igül 34r;Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v; noyan iši ¯ol(abasu 37r; noyad iši-dür

¯ol(obasu sayin 35v; išiten tübšidkü üiles 61r; tu(-un išin-tü uya¯u 50v.

išiten ?prophets: išiten tübšidkü üiles 61r.

¯adala- to make rain with magic spells: ¯adalabasu 32r.

¯aya(a(n) fate, destiny, predestination: köbegün töröbesü mungqa( böged usun-dur ükükü

¯aya(atu bui 31r; qoyar ¯aya(an-u üile-dür (abiy-a ügei bolumui 27r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

¯iruqai n. line, design; mathematics, calculation; astrology (Lessing 1062); matrix. In the

manual ¯iruqai refers to mathematics as the art of the matrix, ari(un gegen-e ¯iruqai-dur tegši

¯okiyabai 2v, biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(šidar 26r, ¯iruqai to(alabasu 31v; the

term also refers to a symbol, kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui

20r, tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui 20v; isün ¯iruqai refers to the nine square

divination form (Tib. sme-ba dgu, Ch. jiu gong), isün ¯iruqai ene metü ¯iruyu 42v.

¯oki- to suit: ¯okiqu 54v, 54v; ülü ¯okiqu 54v, 56r; ülü ¯okiqu uèaral 46r, 46r; ülü ¯okiqu

beri 52r; ¯asal ¯asan ¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu 54v; ibegel ü¯ekü anu. qulu(an-a luu beèin ¯ilten ibegel

¯okiqu 54v; olan arad ¯okiqu 56r.

¯okistai agreeable: küisün-e ürgül¯ide ¯okistai ¯ir(aqu 52v;

¯okis-tu agreeable: tašiyan-dur ¯okis-tu bolqu 52v; sedkil-dür ¯okis-tu bolumui 56v.

¯öng bilig prescience, gift of prophecy; wisdom; instinct: ¯öng bilig olu(san Manjušari

tngri 1v.

kereg bütükü affairs will be successful (49v).

kešig good luck; good fortune; grace, favor, blessing; turn: buyan kešig ebderekü 21v;

buyan kešig ebderegülügèi Burvasad buyu 34r; buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v, 56r; Ardar-dür

buyan keš[i]g sayitur nemeyü 37v; buyan kešig ba(uraqu 41r; buyan kešig delgerekü 46v;

buyan kešig bolqu 50r; buyan kešig bari(san beri 54r; Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni

qa(an-u gara( büküi 23r; mal adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa( mör (arbasu 25r; qurim dotor-a

kešig tasulqu na(šidar 28r; qurim-dur kešig tasulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; qurim-dur kešig

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tasulu(èi Burvabalguni buyu 33v; ed bara(daqu kešig ba(uraqu edür 59v; Rôkini Burnavasu

Burvasad Sadabis keš[i]g-ün odun bui 60v.

kimor [Tib. rlung-rta; shortened from kei morin “wind horse”]; 1. prayer flag; 2. good

fortune, lucky; see Waddell 1978: 408-419; Cornu 1997: 85-88; mör bütügekü-yin urida

kimor bolqu 41r; kimor bolqu 50v, 50v, 50v; kemor gemšil bolumui 50v; yeke kimor-du

(bolqu) 26r, 26v, 27r.

küsel desire; wish: küsel bütü- 38r, 45v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 58v; küsel

uèaraqu 49v; küsel-iyen bütükü 49v, 49v; aèi ür-e inu küsel-iyer bolumui 44v.

ma(u/muu/ma(ui [adj. and n.]; bad: ma(u 5r, 13r, 19r, 21v, 22v, 22v, 23r, 26r, 26r, 26r,

26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r,

30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 30v, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 32r, 32r, 32r, 32r, 33r,

33v, 34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r,

37r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 39r, 40r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v,

42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v,

48v, 48v, 48v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51v, 51v, 52r,

52r, 52v, 52v, 53v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 57r, 58r,

58v, 60v, 61v; sayin ma(u 46v; saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu sayin ma(u

aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r; odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a ali bui 33r; odun na(šidar

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar

¯okiyasu(ai 45r; ede gara(-ud kiged na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-<y>i eyin uqa(daqui 45v;

odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-<y>i il(a¯u bièisügei 46r; ma(u-yi 21r, 46r,

48r, 49v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v; qorin dörben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un

sayin ma(u-yi belgelemüi 8r; qorin nigen-e ür-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemüi 9r;

arban isün-ebuuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemüi 10r; arban qoyar ¯ilün sayin ma(u-yi

ügülesügei 34r; edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] odun qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi

bièisügei 44r; ¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v; ma(ui, 23v, 25r, 26r,

26v, 26v, 29r, 30r, 31v, 33r, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 57v; mör (arbasu ma(ui 22r, 24v; ebesün

tegübesü muu 42r.

öl¯ei auspice, favorable omen, happiness, good luck: öl¯ei qutu( 50r; öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san

edür öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; öl¯i qutu(

oroši(ulbasu 21v, 29r; öl¯i qutu( tegüsèü ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v; öl¯i qutu(tu edür 34v;

qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral-iyar

sedkigsen bütüyü 45v; öl¯i qutu( orošiqu bolumui 48r; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar

bui 60v; küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r; öl¯i-dü bolqu 50r; öl¯eyitü 56r; aliba-yi

ila(u(èi tegüs öl¯eyitü boluyu 25v; Bus na(šidar kemebesü tegüs öl¯eyitü na(šidar bui 26v;

öl¯eyitü mör 54r, 54r, 54r; mo(ai morin ¯iltü okin doron-a öl¯eyitü mör 54r; öl¯eyitü bolqu

56r, 56r; dolo(an öl¯eyitü bayan odun 59r.

öl¯ei qutu( happiness, blessing: öl¯ei qutu( 50r; öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edür öl¯ei qutu(

oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; öl¯i qutu( oroši(ulbasu 21v,

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

29r; öl¯i qutu( tegüsèü ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v; öl¯i qutu(tu edür 34v; qoyar kei uèarabasu

öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral-iyar sedkigsen bütüyü 45v;

öl¯i qutu( orošiqu bolumui 48r; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui 60v.

qari(ulul [Tib. bzlog sgyur]; reply; retribution; curse; see SE II, 178; ¯oli( qari(ulul buu

üiled 34v.

qariyal curse: qariyal qari(ulbasu 22v, 25r, 26v; qariyal ki- 31v, 41v, 42r, 42v, 46r; qariyal

ügegüy-e bütümüi 39r.

qoor qomsa harm, damage; trifle, very little, almost nothing: qoor qomsa bol- 34r; keregür

ba qoor qomsa bolqu 25v; ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; ed tavar qoor qomsa

bolqu 57r; ger dotor-a qoor qomsa bolqu 57v.

qoor qorom¯i harm, loss, damage: qoor qorom¯i bolqu 41r; adu(usun-dur qoor qorom¯i

yeke boluyu 38r.

qoor ada demons of harm: qoor ada bolqu 56r.

qoor-a poison: qoor-a neyilegülbesü 41v; qoor neyilegülküi üiles 46r; qooridur

[=qooradur] ükügsen kümün[-ü] köbegün qula(a¯u amu 24v; qooritu [=qooratu] üiles 16r.

qorom¯i loss: qoor qorom¯i 41r; Naran 'al Široi ed[e]n-dür adu(usun-dur qoor qorom¯i

yeke boluyu 38r; Nara odun-dur ed mal qorom¯i bolqu 56r.

qubil(an transformation; metamorphosis; a Buddha incarnate living god: amitan-u itegel

burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g 26; yeke rid'i qubil(an ü¯egülügsen buyan-tu sara

bolai 8r; baling do(šin inu gara(-un qubil(an-u tulada 39v.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

riddi qubil(an [S. nirmâna rddhi; Tib. rdzu ‘phrul]; magical transformation; miracle,

magic, sorcery (Lessing, 1181; RRS, 626); yeke rid'i qubil(an ü¯egülügsen buyan-tu sara bolai

8r.

sada(-a a doll used in medical rituals, through which illness is expelled: sada(-a buu ög

34v.

sayin [adj. and n.]; good: 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r, 21v, 22r, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 24v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 30v,

31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 31r, 32r, 33r, 34r, 34r, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v,

35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r,

37r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r,

38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 39v, 41v, 41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r,

44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r,

46r, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v,

48v, 48v, 48v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v,

49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v,

52r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v,

55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v,

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56v, 56v, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 59r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v,

61v, 61v; sayin boro(an 61r, 61r sayin buyan 1v; sayin ma(u aèi ür-e inu 4r; sayin ma(u-yi

belgelemui 8r, 9r, 10r; sayin ma(u-[y]i üjekü kürdün 21r, 49v; sayin ma(u-yi ügülsügei.34r;

uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r; dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral 45r; gara(-ud

kiged na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-yi 45v; üiles-ün sayin ma(u-yi ila(ayu 46r; odun ¯il

qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-yi il(a¯u 46r; ¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral

46v; na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v; ¯il sar-a

qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u 48r; Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba

sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün 49v; arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu

¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün 50r; arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü

kürdün 50v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu jüg-ün sayin ma(u-yi üjekü kürdün 50v; odud-

un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r; sayin burqan 29v.

sayin ma(u the good and the bad, i.e., results of a given action: sayin ma(u aèi ür-e inu

4r; sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r, 9r, 10r; sayin ma(u-[y]i üjekü kürdün 21r, 49v; sayin ma(u-

yi ügülsügei.34r; uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r; dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u

uèiral 45r; gara(-ud kiged na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-yi 45v; üiles-ün sayin ma(u-yi

ila(ayu 46r; odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-yi il(a¯u 46r; ¯il odun qoyar-un

sayin ma(u-yin uèaral 46v; na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i

ü¯ekü 46v; ¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u 48r; Nagajun-a ba(ši-

yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün 49v; arban

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qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün 50r; arban qoyar edür èa(-un

sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu jüg-ün sayin ma(u-yi

üjekü kürdün 50v; odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r.

šidi/šid’i [S. siddhi; Mong. translated by various forms of bütü-]; magic, supernatural

power, certain mundane and supernatural gifts of which often eight are enumerated (Lessing,

698); cf. also RRS (652-653); Waddell (141); Poppe (1967: 84); the Mongolian translation

of the Kâlacakra, using the transcription system of Ayushi Gushi, gives šiddhi (KOT 127,

passim); the transcription in the manual follows the older Mongolian method derived from

Uygur (Poppe 1967: 30, passim); Anurad-du degedü šidi olqu boluyu 38r; qoyar široi

uèirabasu šid’i bütüküy-yin uèaral 45v; šidi bütüküy-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü 45v.

tabun qalqala(èi five protectors, talismans: 1. the quill feather of a raven (qong keriy-e-ü

[=yin] soddu); 2. the shell of a turtle (yasutu menekei-yin kürmeli); 3. the spine of a porcupine

(so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün); 4. the horn of an antelope (orong(u-yin eber); 5. the tusk of a wild

boar (bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a): tabun qalqala(èi ede kemebesü. qong keriy-e-ü [=yin]

soddu. yasutu menekei-yin kürmeli. so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün. orong(u-yin eber. bodong (aqay-

yin soyo(-a. ede tabun bui 60r.

tarni [S. dhâranî]; magic spells mostly consisting of Sanskrit syllables or words and/or

unintelligible phonetic units used in ritual; charms, dharani, mantra: tarni uribasu 25v, 30r,

32r, 34v, 34v, 61r; ¯irüken tarni uribasu 25v; arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

tarnièi n. exorcist, magician; Mongolian translation for sang(asba (Lessing, 782); tarnièi

kümün 4v.

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tusa benefit; advantage; use: em-e kümün-e tusa keyibesu 15r; öèügüken tusa bütügebesü

16r; öber-ün tusa bütügebesü 22v; qong(or qal¯an morin qudaldubasu tusa bui 25r; èa(an

¯asal kibesü tusa ülü boluyu 39v; aši( tusa eribesü 43v, 43v, 61r, 61v; aši( tusa bütü- 45v,

49v; aši( tusa bol- 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 56r; tusa yeke bolqu 56v, 57r; (abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu

57v

tusa ügei without benefit: em emlebesü tusa ügei 38r; ede edüd-dür odun na(šidar sayin

bögesü ber tusa ügei 42r.

uèira-/uèara to meet, occasion: uèirabasu 47v; ma(u aran-lu(-a uèirabasu 22v; odun

na(šidar uèirabasu 37v; qoyar široi uèirabasu 45v; taulai edür Modun odun uèirabasu 46v;

Usun odun uèirabasu gergi olqu 46v; Usun odun Modun odun qoyar uèirabasu 46v;

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar noqai edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v; Burvasad Udarisad qoyar üker

edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar luu edür uèirabasu ma(u

46v; Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür Manjušari bodisü[n]g törögsen bolai

2v; lii-dür uèira(san beri-yi abubasu 54r; kon-dur uèira(san beri 54r; ken-dür uèira(san beri

54r; kam-dur uèira(san beri 54r; gin-dür uèira(san beri 54r; jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-a-bar

tata(ci beri 54v; sön-dür uèira(san beri 54v; aqa degüü qoyar kümün uèira¯u ¯i(a¯u öggümüi

25v; ülü uèiraqu uèiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; qola (a¯ar-a mör (arbasu buliyan

qula(ai-lu(-a uèiraqu 47v; ¯a(ur-a qula(ai uèiraqu 50r; darasun idegen-dür uèiraqu 58r;

qurim-dur uèiraqu 58r; qoyar usu uèarabasu rašiyan uèaral 45v; qoyar (al uèarabasu

delgereküi-yin uèaral 45v; qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v; usu široi

qoyar uèarabasu egüride aqu-yin uèiral 46r; (al kei qoyar uèarabasu yeke küèütü uèaral 46r;

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široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r; usu kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü ¯okiqu

uèaral 46r; (al široi qoyar uèarabasu tüleküi-yin uèiral 46r; usu (al qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün

uèiral bui 46r; Nara Saran 'al Široi ede dörben odun uèarabasu dayisun-i ayul bolqu 46r;

Usun Altan odun uèarabasu aèi ür-e bütükü 46r; Modun odun uèarabasu nom kiged buyan

kešig delgerekü 46v; Baras morin noqai (aqai ede edüd-tü aliba odud uèarabasu sayin 46v;

Margašar Ardar qoyar qonin edür uèarabasu ma(u 46v; uèara(san bögesü altan gerel ungši

42v; darasun idegen uèaram 50r; aman-tur üge da(un uèaram 52v; okin töröbesü erketen-dür

uèaraqu 26v; široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r; ol¯a uèaraqu 49v; dayisun

uèaraqu 49v; küsel uèaraqu 49v; idegen umda(an uèaraqu 50r; idegen qurim uèaraqu 50r, 50r;

qula(ai-du uèaraqu 50r; ed tavar uèaraqu 50r, 50r; idegen umda(an uèaraqu 50r; ebedèin-

dü(r) uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ebedèin ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ükül ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; bariy-a küriy-

e-dü uèaraqu 50r; idegen-dü uèaraqu 50r; ada-du uèaraqu 50r.

uèiral/uèaral meeting; occasion; fate; circumstances: edür-ün odun-u sayin uèiral 38r;

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar

¯okiyasu(ai 45r; usu široi qoyar uèarabasu egüride aqu-yin uèiral 46r; (al široi qoyar

uèarabasu tüleküi-yin uèiral 46r; usu (al qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün uèiral bui 46r; odun ¯il

qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-<y>i il(a¯u bièisügei 46r; egüride-yin uèiral-iyar

ürgül¯ide ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 46r; küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r; ülü uèiraqu

uèiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; ülü ¯okiqu uèiral-iyar ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui

olgiqui üiles-dür sayin 46r; tüleküi-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r; edür-lu(-a

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[=edür-lüge] odun qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r; odun ba

na(šidar-un uèaral 2v; edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküy-yin uèaral boluyu

44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui 44v;

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui 45r; qoyar široi uèirabasu

šidei bütüküi-yin uèaral 45v; qoyar usu uèarabasu rašiyan uèaral 45v; qoyar (al uèarabasu

delgereküi-yin uèaral 45v; qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v; (al kei

qoyar uèarabasu yeke küèütü uèaral 46r; široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r;

usu kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü ¯okiqu uèaral 46r; beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene

bui 52r; na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-<y>i eyin uqa(daqui 45v; ene uèaral-i sayitur

ü¯igdeküi 46r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui 45r; šidi

bütüküi-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü 45v; rašiyan-u uèaral-iyar amin nasun delgereyü 45v;

delgereküi uèaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral-iyar sedkigsen

bütüyü 45v; ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r; odun na(šidar tusbüri sayin bögesü

aèi ür-e-yin uèaral-iyar bolumui 46r; ¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v;

qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u uèaral-un sayin ma(u-i

üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r; ¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u

bièisügei 48r.

ür-e 1. seed, grain, fruit; 2. results; 3. progeny: aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r; aèi ür-e inu maši

yeke bol[u]yu 38r; aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e inu

maši sayin bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e inu küsel-iyer bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e bütükü 46r; ür-e tariyan-

u sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r; ür-e tariyan ögbesü 30r; ür-e saèubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v,

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29v, 32r; ür-e saèuqui 45v; ür-e ügei kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 27r; ür-e-ügei kümün-i ür-e-

tei bol(a(èi odun 33r; ür-e-ügei bol- 52v, 52v; qan kümün-i ür-e alda(ula(èi 33r, 33v; ür-e

tasulu(èi (odun) 34r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 59r; ür-e tasura- 41v, 52v, 52v, 61r; ür-e inu

ülü bayimui 34v; ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui 46r; ür-e sadun qa(aèiqu 46v; ür-e sadun

delgereged 52v; qoyitu ür-e (uyiranèi bolumui 47v; qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e inu bayan bolu(ad

47v; ür-e mal delgerekü sayin 52r; ür-e èuqa( 52r; ür-e-ügei kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun

33r; to(an-u aè'i ür-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggüi ü¯igülbe 1v; aèi ür-e-yin uèaral-iyar bolumui

46r; qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e inu bayan bolu(ad 47v.

ELEMENTS

altan gold; metal; one of the five elements; örön-e ¯üg-ün altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a

tegüsbe 31r; Anurad Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r.

èinar quality; essence; nature: (anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar 1v; (al èinar 21v; (al-un

èinar 22v, 45v; usun-u èinar 22r, 45v; usun èinar 22v; modun èinar 23r; temür-ün èinar 23v;

key-yin èinar 23v, 45v; široy-yin èinar 24r, 45v, 61r.

dörben maqabud the four elements, i.e., earth, air, fire and water: dörben maqabud-un

sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar ¯okiyasu(ai 45r.

(al 1. one of the four elements: 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r,

20r, 21v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; Kerteg Barani Šuša(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig

Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v; qoyar (al uèarabasu delgereküi-yin

uèaral[.] delgereküi uèaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v; (al kei qoyar uèarabasu yeke küèütü

uèaral böged. küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r; (al široi qoyar uèarabasu tüleküi-

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yin uèiral. tüleküi-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r; usu (al qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün

uèiral bui ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu, 46r; emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un dolo(an

na(šidar anu tegüsbe 29r; (al-un galab bol(a(èi odun ali 33r; (al-un galab bol(a(èi Barani

bui 33r. 2. one of the five elements: 'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula

(al-un èinar bui 22v; Naran odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara( kememü (al èinar bui 21v; 'al

odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar bui 22v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni

Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al bui 61r.

(al èinar the essence of fire, i.e., the element fire: Naran odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara(

kememü (al èinar bui 21v; 'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar

bui 22v; emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un dolo(an na(šidar anu tegüsbe 29r; Kerteg Barani

Šuša(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v;

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al bui 61r; qoyar (al

uèarabasu delgereküi-yin uèaral[.] delgereküi uèaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v; (al kei qoyar

uèarabasu yeke küèütü uèaral böged. küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r; (al široi

qoyar uèarabasu tüleküi-yin uèiral. tüleküi-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r; usu (al

qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün uèiral bui ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r.

maqabud [S. mahâ-bhûtâni; Tib. ‘byung ba]; element; there are two systems of elements

used in the text: 1. the four elements: široi (earth); kei (air); (al (fire) and usun (water);

predominant in Indian astrology; and 2. the five elements: široi (earth); modun (wood); (al

(fire); usun (water) and altan/temür (iron) predominant in Chinese astrology: maqabud 59v;

temür maqabud 54r; modun maqabud 54r; usun maqabud 54r; qorin naiman na(šidar-yi tabun

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maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r; dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral . . . ¯okiyasu(ai 45r; beri-

yin maqabud-un öngge-yin debel emüsteküi 52r.

modun wood; one of the five elements: modun èinar 23r; modun maqabud 54r; modun-u

gara( büküy-yin tula modun èinar bui 23r; doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-

a tegüsbe 27r. Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden modun bui 61v.

modun èinar wood essence, i.e., the wood element (23r).

modun maqabud the wood element (54r).

široi earth; 1. one of the four elements: 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v, 21v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; Rôkini Èista Anurad

Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v; qoyar široi

uèirabasu šidei bütüküi-yin uèaral 45v; usu široi qoyar uèarabasu egüride aqu-yin uèiral 46r;

široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r; (al široi qoyar uèarabasu tüleküi-yin

uèiral 46r. 2. one of the five elements: Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü

gara( büküy-yin tula. yeke erketü široy-yin èinar buyu 24r; Asli( Šuša( Širvan Barani eden

široi-yin èinar buyu 61r.

tabun maqabud the five elements (61r).

temür iron, metal; one of the five elements: temür maqabud 54r; Altan odun kemebesü

kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara( büküy-yin tula temür-ün èinar 23v.

usu(n) water; one of the four elements; one of the five elements; 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v, 21v, 22r, 59r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v; usun-u èinar bui 22r, 22v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul

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Asali( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad

Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden usun bui 61r; usun-u dolo(an na(šidar 32r; usun(-u)

galab 33r, 33r; usu široi qoyar uèarabasu 46r; usu kei qoyar uèarabasu 46r; usu (al qoyar

uèarabasu 46r; usun maqabud 54r.

usun maqabud the water element (54r).

COLOR

ala( variegated; solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai 20r; ala( nidün bui 20v; ala( dusul 20v, 43v; ala(

debisker 20v, 43r; ala( noqai-tai teyimü kümün 24v; ala( debel buu ed’ke buu emüs 35r.

altatu golden; ula(an altatu debel 34v.

boro grey, brown; dark, plain: boro 52v; köke boro mori 5r; boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-

de ¯irgemüi 8r.

èa(an white: èa(an 52v, 52v, 52v; èa(an mori 4v; èa(an debel 4v, 35r; èa(an noqai 4v;

èa(an segeretü qara noqai 22r; èa(an èila(u-du bula( 22r; èa(an keg[i]ri bari¯u 23v; èa(an

¯asal 39v, 45r; èa(an baras 41r, 49r, 49r, 49r; tere ideši ereküi èa(tur èa(an üile qara bolumui

42v; èa(an qada( 50v; èa(an tosun 50v; èa(an qonin 60v; èimeg-iyen èa(an-iyar èimejü 23v;

èa(an-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü 24r.

eriyen motely, variegated, particolored; speckled, spotted; striped; streaky: eriyen debel

buu ed'ke. buu emüs 34v.

köke blue; green; ash-colored; dark (of face): köke 52v; köke boro mori 5r; köke morin

una¯u 23v; köke na(ur 39v; luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r; köke

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èarai-du kümün 23v, 24v; köke èarai-du ba nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün 22r; köke kegiri 23v;

köke beèin 41r; köke luu 49r, 49r, 49r; qubèad köke-ber èime¯ü 23v.

no(o(an green: no(o(an debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 34v, 35v.

qara/qar-a [Tib. nag]; black. In Mongolian the color black sometimes means, “clear,”

(e.g., qara usun “clear water”) or “common” (qara kümün “commoner”), but it also has a

negative connotation, an association with evil, akin to the idea of “black magic” in English.

The manual notes black years, black months, black days, and black hours. These are

considered dangerous, contrary times when demons of various sort are said to roam (cf.

TEDP, 127-135): qara 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 45r; qara Kitad-un oron 2r; qara

Kitad-un to(-a 2r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r; qara kümün 5r, 5r;

qara morin (unu-) 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v; qara ya(um-a 5r; qara sa üsüg 20r; qara nara bui 20r;

qara èindamuni 20r, 45r; qara jva üsüg 20r; qara jii üsüg 20v; qara dusul 20v, 20v, 41v;

(urban qara dusul 20v, 46v; qoyar qara dusul 43r; öèüken qara edürün belge 20v; yeke qara

edür 20v, 41v, 41v; (urbal¯in qara 20v; solbi(san qara ¯iruqai 20v, 20v, 44v; dörbel¯in qara

debisker 20v, 44v; doro(ši qandu(san qara sara 20v; qara ging üsüg 20v; qara kegeri bariju

22r; qara kiiri bari¯u 23r; qara èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 22r; èa(an segeretü qara noqai 22r; qara keb

24v; qara modun 24v; qar-a to(o(an 26v; qara debel 34v, 35r; (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai 39v;

qara orong(-a bari¯u 39v; qara mo(ai 41r; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; qara saras 41r, 41r;

ügeyiregülügèi qara edür 41v; èa(-un qara 42r; qara šingpüng-ün yabudal 42r; qara šingpüng

güiküi 42r; qara šingpüng-yin [=šingpüng-ün] belge inu qara zi üsüg bui 42v; qara šimu

42v; tere ideši ereküi èa(tur èa(an üile qara bolumui 42v; ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v; qara qada(ur 43v; qara yasutu meneki 49r; qara sarayin ¯asal

50v; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; qar-a mör 52v; öšiyerkü qara edür 53r; tngri-yin qara

noqai 55r; qar-a öngge-dü 55r; üküger qara ¯arudasun odun 59r; qara-dur bolbasu 51v; debel

quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r; ¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r.

qas jade [colored]: qas debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r.

šara yellow: ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r;

šara kiiri bari¯u 23r; šara öèüken kümün qula(u¯u amui 24r; šara široi-du (a¯ar-a ni(u¯u amu

24r; šara kegeri bari¯u 24v; šara debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r; šara ötege 59r; šara šiba(un

59r; šara quma( 60r; šara ula(an quma( 60r; šara-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü 23r.

ula(an red: ula(an debel 4v, 21v, 22v, 34r; ula(an altatu debel 34v; ula(an kegeri 21v;

ula(an èimeg 21v; ula(an (ajar 22v; ula(an ša¯a(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r; ula(an ša¯a(ai kemekü ma(u edür 48r; ula(an ša¯a(ai mör (arbasu ma(u 49r;

qur-a ese orobasu ula(an salkin bolumui 11r; ula(an nara 39v; qariqui edürün beleg inu

ula(an nara bui 20r; (a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; arši-narun

ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg bui 20r; ula(an üsüg 47v; ula(an dusul 40r; baling

do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v; ügegürügülügèi edürün belge

(urbal¯in ula(an bui 20v; ula(an ¯ögebüri qaškiraqu 27v; ula(an quma( 60r; šara ula(an

quma( 60rene (urban kürdün-i ula(an-dur bolbasu sayin 51v.

EIGHT TRIGRAMS

1072
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

külil n.; bundle, bunch; tie, knot (Lessing 500); in the manual the term refers to the eight

trigrams of the Yijing [Ch. bagua/pa-kua; Tib. spar-kha brgyad]; beri-yin dörben šilmus

kemebesü tayiqu šitügen eke. lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai

52r, külil-dü ma(u 53r. In the manual the forms of the eight trigrams are as follows: 1. lii

(Ch. li); 2. kun (Ch. kun); 3. dan (Ch. dui); 4. gen (Ch. gen); 5. kam (Ch. kan); 6. gin (Ch.

qian); 7. jen (Ch. zhen) 8. sön (Ch. sun). For more on the trigrams, see the Yijing, passim.,

TEDP, passim., Williams, 149; RRS, 534-542; Waddell 1978: 394; Cornu 1997: 107.

dan [Ch. dui/tui (Mathews, 6560)]; one of the eight trigrams; dan-dur ucira(san beri

kümün-ü yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r.

gen [Ch. gen/ken (Mathews, 3327)]; one of the eight trigrams: gen-dür uèira(san beri

niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri bui bügüdedü ma(u 54r.

gin [Ch. qian/ch’ien (Mathews, 3233)]; one of the eight trigrams: gin-dür uèira(san beri

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri bugüde-dü toli bui 54r.

jen [Ch. zhen/chen (Mathews 315)]; one of the eight trigrams: jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-

a-bar tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v.

kam [Ch. kan/k’an (Mathews 3245)]; one of the eight trigrams: kam-dur uèira(san beri (ar-

ta(an odèu( bari(san bui bügüde-dü sayin 54r.

kun [Ch. kun/k’un (Mathews 3684)]; one of the eight trigrams: kun-dur uèira(san beri

bügüde sayin buyan kešig bari(san beri bui sayin 54r.

lii [1. ?Ch. li (Mathews 3930 or 3931 “to calculate; the calendar”]; 2. [Ch. li (Mathews

3902)]; brightness; one of the eight trigrams: Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neretü sudur-dur Mig

1073
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u šinelekü bolai 2v; lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-i

keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52v; lii-dür uèira(san beri-yi abubasu (ar-ta(an qada(ur

bari(san beri bui. ma(u. mo(ai morin ¯iltü beri-dür ülem¯i ma(u 54r.

sön [Ch. sun (Mathews 5550)]; one of the eight trigrams: sön-dür uèira(san beri (arta(an

širbegel bari(san bui 54v.

OMEN PROTASES

aba mordabasu if one sets off on a hunt (55v).

abalabasu/ab’labasu conv. con. 1. if one hunts in a drive; 2. if one allures, seduces; 3. if one

hurts through magic incantations; abala- “to hunt in a drive” must be distinguished from abla-

“to seduce”; “to hurt through magic”; the orthography gives only abalabasu; in some instances

context gives a hint to the translation, i.e., köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü ab’labasu 36r; okin

bo(talabasu (uyubasu ab’labasu 36v; okin bo(talabasu ab’labasu 37r; other occurrences are

less certain; the translation given is “if one hunts in a drive”, but perhaps the “if one hurts

through magic incantations” is correct: abalabasu 22v, 26v, 32r, 36v.

abišig abubasu if one receives an initiation (11r, 13r, 21v, 28v, 43v, 46v.

abišig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu If one receives initiation or guidance (26v).

ab’labasu

[see above under abalabasu]

abubasu if one acquires something (34v).

ada(usun abubasu if one takes an animal (21v).

1074
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

adu(usun ba okin ögbesü abubasu if one gives or takes an animal or girl (29v).

adusun abubasu if one takes an animal (22v).

a(ula-aèa modun eribesü if one seeks wood from a mountain (47v).

a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu if one erects a mortar or mill (36r, 36v, 37r).

a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu if one picks out a stallion, bull camel or bull; according

to a native informant, Ts. Baatar, when the breeding males are selected from a herd there is

a special rite performed over them. Likely it is not only the selection of the animals but the

rite, itself, referred to here (25r, 25r, 26r);

a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa talbibasu if one picks out a stallion, bull camel, bull or ram

(35r).

aliba burqan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü performs rites for the assembly of various buddhas

(26v).

altan maltabasu if one mines gold (34v).

altan mönggü qudaldubasu if one sells gold or silver (26r).

aman aldabasu if one takes an oath, makes a promise (34v).

ariki iskebesü if one ferments alcohol (31v, 46v).

arvis tarni uribasu if one recites a sacred spell (25v).

asar küriy-e baribasu if one builds a hall or enclosure (46v).

aši( öri abubasu if one takes a profit or debt (36v).

aši( tusa eribesü if one seeks a benefit (43v, 43v, 61r, 61v).

aši(labasu if one takes a profit: ašiglabasu (36v).

1075
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

baèa( abubasu if one takes a vow of fasting (30r).

baèa( sangvar abubasu if one takes a vow of fasting (43v, 61r).

bal(asun baribasu if one builds a city (22v).

bal(asun deledbesü if one pounds a city wall, i.e., out of earth (25v, 34r, 35r).

baras metü kümün erebesü if one seeks a tiger-like person (27v).

bariqu (a¯ar eribesü if one seeks a place to build (42r).

belbesün em-e abubasu if one takes a widow or a woman (25r, 32r).

ber'i abubasu if one takes a bride (25r, 29r, 29r, 30r, 35r, 41v, 43r).

beri abubasu u(tubasu if one receives or welcomes a bride (29r).

beri ba(ul(abasu if one brings a bride into one’s home (22r, 22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 36v,

40r, 41r, 41v, 47v, 60r).

bey-e ugiyabasu if one washes the body (21v, 22r, 23r, 26v, 41v).

bièig abulèibasu ?if one debates a scripture (36v).

bièig to(-a sur(abasu if one teaches writing or mathematics (22v, 56v).

bièig to(-a em sur(abasu if one teaches writing, mathematics or medicine (26r).

bièig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu if one teaches writing, mathematics or science

(23v).

bièig ungšibasu if one reads a book (32r).

bièig-tür orobasu if one starts a [new] book (36v, 37r).

bišil(abasu if one meditates (11r).

1076
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bo(ol qudaldubasu if one trades a slave (25r, 25v, 26r, 28v).

boso(-a bosqabasu if one erects a doorsill (46v).

bošu( abubasu if one receives a prophecy (34v).

bulaši bulabasu if one digs a grave (21v).

buq-a talbibasu if one picks out a bull (28r).

burqan bütügebesü if one evokes a burqan (26r).

burqan nom-i amilabasu if one enlivens a buddha’s doctrine (44v).

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu if one puts the aorta and heart into a

buddha or tutelary deity (36v).

burqan šitügen šinidkebesü if one restores a buddha-image (24r).

burqan takibasu if one makes an offering to a buddha (23r, 24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r,

28v, 29v, 29v, 31r, 32r, 34r, 34v, 35r, 35r).

burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu if one offers sacrifice to a buddha, the gods, or tutelary

deities (48r).

burqan-dur aliba takil üiledbesü if one performs any kind of sacrifice to a buddha (31r).

burqan-i bišil(abasu if one meditates on the buddha (26v).

burqan-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the buddha (21v, 22v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 28v,

29r, 30r).

burqan-u oron eribesü if one seeks the realm of a buddha (22v).

burqan-u šitügen egüdbesü creates the image of a buddha (46v).

bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the priests (35v).

1077
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

busud-aèa (uyil'(-a abubasu if one receives alms from another (25r).

busud-i ar(adabasu if one quarrels with others (9r, 19r).

busud-i qari(ulbasu if one replies to another (23v).

busud-i takibasu if one makes an offering to another (30r).

buyan ¯oli( ögbesü if one gives meritorious ransom (22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r).

buyan ¯oli( üiledbesü if one makes a meritorious ransom (31v).

buyan qurim üiledbesü if one makes a meritorious feast (31v).

buyan üiledbesü if one performs a meritorious deed (21v, 21v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r, 25v,

26r, 29v, 30v, 31r, 32r, 32r, 34r, 35r).

buyan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü if one makes an assembly of the virtuous (23r).

büriy-e tatabasu if one plays the trumpet (34v).

èang kengger'ge deledbesü if one beats cymbals or drums (28v, 34v, 35r).

èerig ayan mordabasu if one sets of on a campaign or journey (42r).

èerig ba ayan aba mordabasu if one sets off on a military campaign or hung (55v).

èerig degerm-e odbasu if one goes soldiering or pillaging (31r).

èerig ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu if an army seizes the frontier (32r).

èerig mordobasu if an army sets off on campaign (9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v,

25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29r, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 41r, 44r, 45r, 61v).

èerig uduridbasu if one leads an army (23r, 24v, 40r).

èerig-ün noyan sa(ul(abasu if one installs the commander of the army (22v).

èidker-nu(ud-i [=èidker-nügüd-i] nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies èidker (demons [23r]).

1078
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

èidköd-i darubasu if one suppresses the èidköd (demons [26r, 27r]).

èidköd-<y>i nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the èidköd (demons [34v]).

èidqumal èidqubasu if one pours a cast (16r).

èi(ulbasu if one assembles (46v).

èi(ul(alabasu if one collects something (30v).

èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu if one assembles an assembly (15r, 25v, 27v, 27v, 35r, 36v).

èi(ul(an eyetübesü if one conducts an assembly peaceably (31v).

èoga kibesü if one makes a magical performance (32r).

èola ögbesü if one gives a title (8r).

dabqur ger baribasu if one builds a multi-storied building (43v).

da(a(ulbasu if one reduces another to submission (53v).

dalal(-a abubasu if one receives the beckoning gesture inviting prosperity; dalal(-a

abubasu 29r.

dalal(-a dalalbasu if one beckons the beckoning gesture inviting prosperity; if one beckons

fortune; this refers to a shamanistic-Buddhistic ceremony of “inviting prosperity,” (Lessing,

224); see also Chabros; dalal(-a dalalbasu 22r, 24r, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r,

29v, 30r, 30r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 45r; dalal(-a buu dalal 33v.

dayisun darubasu if one suppresses an enemy (21v).

dayisun esergü irebesü if one goes against an enemy (22r).

dayisun-a ¯ol(abasu if one meets an enemy (34v, 60v).

dayisun-dur ¯ol(obasu if one meets an enemy (27r, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 34v).

1079
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the enemy (22r),

dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu if one fights with an enemy (29v, 32r).

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal abubasu if one takes an enemy’s possessions or livestock

(27v).

dayisun-u ner-e-yi bièibesü if one writes the name of an enemy (27r).

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi ¯irubasu if one writes the name of an enemy (27v, 32r).

dayisun-u qariyal qari(ulbasu if one replies to an enemy’s curse (27v).

debel ba ger ed'kebesü if one cuts out material for a robe or tent (35r).

debel ed'kebesü if one tailors a robe; G. Kara shows that edke- is written in the pre-

classical calendar fragments from Turfan for classical eske-. Thus, he translates, "if one cuts

out the material for a cloak" (Kara, 1984: 348); the same form is found throughout the Turfan

calendar fragments. See also Haenisch, H. Franke, and Cerensodnom and Taube; as Mostaert

notes, the form is sometimes written in the manual as edeke- (MMAD, 20, #57); debel

ed'kebesü 22v, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r,

30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v.

debel ed'kebesü emüsbesü if one tailors a robe or wears one (31r).

debel eskebesü if one tailors a robe; eske- is the classical form of pre-classical edke- (see

Kara, 1984: 348); debel eskebesü 23v, 25r, 29r, 30r; debel eskeküi 55v.

debel qayabasu if one discards a robe (58r).

debel qulu(an-a qa¯abasu if one’s robe is bitten by a mouse (57r).

debel tülebesü if one burns a robe (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r)

1080
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

debel tülebesü qa¯ibasu if one’s robe is burned or bitten (58r, 58r).

debür büribesü if one covers a roof (42r).

degedüs-<y>i kündülebesü if one respects the saints (30r, 34r).

degelbür talbibasu if one places the felt covering on the upper part of the tent (46v).

degerem qula(ai yabubasu if one goes to pillage or steal (34r).

degerme odbasu if one goes to pillage (25v, 29v, 35r).

diyan-u üile üiledbesü if one performs meditation rites (31r).

do(šid-un tarni uribasu if one recites the dhâranî of the fearsome ones (34v).

do(šin kereg kibesü if one makes a fearsome implement (45r).

[dorm-a a(urbasu] if one abandons a dorma; dorm-a a(urbasu 23v, 27v, 29v, 31v, 35v

[dorm-a dungli] (ar(abasu if one sets out a thread-cross; dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu 41r,

47r

[dorm-a dungli] kibesü if one makes a thread-cross; rdovrma duvngli kibesü 47r.

dungli (ar(abasu if one sets out a thread cross (22r).

ebedèin baribasu if one arrests an illness (37r).

ebedèin bari(ulbasu if one brings an illness under control (35v).

ebedèin emlebesü if one treats an illness (61r).

ebedèin kürtebesü if one catches an illness (40r, 42v).

ebedèin-i ¯asabasu if one treats the illness (36v).

ed adu(usun abubasu if one receives a possession or animal (24r, 27v).

1081
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ed ada(usun ¯ibqarabasu if possessions or animals are missing (24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v,

29r).

ed bütügebesü if one achieves possessions (23v).

ed ¯ibqarabasu if a possession is missing (23r, 23v).

ed mal abubasu if one takes possessions or livestock (27v, 30r, 31r).

ed mal ada(usun ögbesü if one gives away possessions, livestock or animals (24v).

ed mal (ada(ši ögbesü if one gives out possessions or livestock (18r, 41v).

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu if possessions or livestock are missing (22v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 28r,

28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v).

ed mal ögbesü if one gives away possessions or livestock (31v, 36v).

ed mal ögbesü abubasu if one either gives or receives a possession or livestock (43v).

egüdügsen isün tngri-yi uribasu if one summons the nine creator gods (28v).

ekin eribesü if one seeks an origin (30r).

elèi ¯arubasu if one sends a messenger (31v).

eliy-e üldebesü if one expels a demon (eliy-e [27r]).

eliy-e-yi darubasu if one suppresses a demon (eliy-e [29r, 31v, 41r]).

em èu(la(ulbasu if one gathers medicines (22r).

em èungla(ulbasu if one gathers medicines (21v, 22r, 27v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v, 31v, 32r,

35r, 35r, 45v, 46v).

em emlebesü if one treats an illness with medicine (28r, 61r).

em ¯okiyabasu if one concocts medicine (34v).

1082
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

em neyilegülbesü if one mixes medicine (11r).

em nidübesü if one grinds medicine (35v, 36r, 37r).

em u(uubasu if one takes medicine (26v, 36r).

em-e abubasu if one takes a woman (28v, 36v, 37r, 53r, 53r).

emün-e ¯üg uduridbasu if one leads them to the south (23v).

engküri èidköd-i nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the demons of one’s beloved (35v).

engküri-yi nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the demons of one’s beloved (25r).

erdem sur(abasu if one teaches science (11r, 25r, 31r, 31v, 32r).

er-e em-e bolbasu if two become man and wife (54v).

erkeèi iribesü ?if a Christian comes (36v).

erümel erübesü if one digs an excavation (12r, 42r, 42v).

eyetüldübesü if one is harmonious with others (29v).

(adquldubasu if one fights with another (21v, 22r, 24v, 32r, 35r).

(a¯ar baribasu if one builds on the land (assuming the dat.-loc. ending is implicit [30v]).

(a¯ar ködelbesü if there is an earthquake (25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r,

28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 32r, 37r).

(a¯ar köndebesü if one disturbs the ground (36r, 36r, 37r, 37r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v,

42v, 42v, 42v, 44r, 58v, 58v).

(a¯ar usun e¯id-i takibasu if one sacrifices to the lords of earth and water (39v).

(al mandal tülebesü if one burns a fire mandala (10r, 61v).

(al takil takibasu if one offers the fire sacrifice (21v, 31v, 35r).

1083
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(al takibasu if one offers the fire [sacrifice] (35v, 36v, 37r).

(al-un takil takibasu if one offers an offering of fire (22r, 23v, 34v).

(al-un takil üiledbesü if one makes an offering of fire (34v).

(urbal¯in mandal egüdbesü if one creates a triangular mandala (31v).

(uyil'(-a abubasu if one accepts alms (25r).

ger baribasu if one builds a dwelling (26r, 26v, 29v, 30v, 30v, 31v, 31v, 34r, 34r, 35r, 43r,

43v, 46v, 55v, 60r).

ger baribasu ¯ašabasu [=¯asabasu] if one builds or repairs a dwelling (35v).

ger bayišing qota ¯asabasu if one repairs a dwelling, building or city wall (28r).

ger bosqabasu if one erects a dwelling (28r).

ger büribesü if one covers a tent (36v).

ger dotor-a yampar qa(uèin bara(an bürin-e ¯asabasu if one thoroughly repairs any

of the old things in one’s home (36r).

ger ed'kebesü if one cuts out the material for a dwelling (22v, 28v).

ger ¯asabasu if one repairs one’s home (25v, 35v, 36r, 36v, 37r).

ger negübesü if one moves one’s home (23v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 36r, 36v).

ger tergen arèi(ulbasu if one has a tent cart cleaned (54v).

ger tergen bosqabasu if one erects a tent cart (37r, 42r).

ger tergen ¯asabasu if one repairs a dwelling or cart (36r, 36v, 37r).

ger tergen šinedkebesü if one renovates a tent cart (45r).

1084
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ger-eèe nayir (arbasu if one holds a banquet in one’s home (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v,

57v, 58r, 58r).

ger-dür-iyen qaribasu if one returns to one’s own dwelling (36r).

irüger irügebesü if one offers a blessing (27v).

isün ¯üil tariyan-i ¯anèibasu if one thrashes the nine kinds of grain (30r).

iši ü¯igülbesü if one reveals a prophecy (28r).

¯adalabasu if one makes rain with magic spells (32r).

¯a(al morin sur(abasu if one trains a horse having dark spots on its neck and shoulders

(29r).

¯a(aldubasu if one sues, litigates a lawsuit (35v, 47v).

¯am ¯asabasu if one repairs a road (19r).

¯ar(u ¯a(aldubasu if one litigates a lawsuit (42v).

¯ar(u qa(albasu if one settles a lawsuit (19r, 25v, 29v).

¯arlig bièig tarqabasu if one disseminates an edict (18r).

¯arli(-un èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu if an assembly is convened for a decree (22v).

¯arudasun quduldubasu if one trades a slave (24v, 30r).

¯ibqara(san-i eribesü if one seeks what is missing (23v).

¯i(asun (okilabasu if one hooks a fish (36r).

¯i(asun šigürdebesü if one grabs for fish (36v).

¯i(ulèilabasu if one travels (21v, 22v, 25v, 25v, 27r, 28r, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 32r, 35r, 35r,

35r, 60r).

1085
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

¯i(ulèin yabubasu if a traveler leaves (41r).

¯inglebesü if one applies a poultice (22v, 36v, 37r).

¯iru( ¯irubasu if one draws a picture (15r).

¯iruqai to(alabasu if one calculates a matrix (31v); perhaps this refers to calculating the

divination "magic squares" or mewas. Cf. Cornu 1997: 102-126.

®irüken tarni uribasu if one recites the Heart dharani (25v); cf. RRS, 427.

¯oèid-i kündülebesü if one honors visitors (29r).

¯ol(oldubasu if one greets another (23r).

¯oliy-a ögbesü if one gives a ransom (41r).

kegüken abun neyilèikilbesü if one takes a maiden and knows her (36r).

kegüür oroši(ulbasu if one inters a corpse (35v, 43v).

kereg ¯ara( keyibesü if one carries out affairs in general (61r).

kereg ¯asal kibesü if one makes an implement (44v).

kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü if one has an implement made (35v).

kereg ¯asal üiledbesü if one works an implement (30v).

keriy-e ba ša(a¯a(ai: kegübesü if a crow or magpie calls (57r).

keriy-e kegübesü if a crow caws (57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r.

ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu if one seizes the frontier (31r, 32r).

kimusu(n) ta(aribasu if one trims ones nails (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r,

58r).

köbegün aèinar-i öber-e sal(abasu if one’s son and grandchildren go separate ways (34r).

1086
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

köbegün okin neyièilebesü if a son has relations with a girl (37r).

köbegün okin töröbesü if a son or daughter is born (31v).

köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü ablabasu if a son has relations with a girl or seduces her

(36r).

köbegün qurimlabasu if a son gets married (24v).

köbegün töröbesü if a son is born (21v, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v,

32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v).

köbegün-dür ger baribasu if one builds a home for a son (34r).

köbegün-e ger baribasu if one builds a home for a son (21v, 35r).

köbegün-e ner-e ögbesü if one gives a name to a son (46v).

köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü if one gives property to a son (35r, 41v, 43v, 46v).

köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü abubasu if one gives property to a son or receives it (46v).

köbegün-ü ömèi ögbesü if one gives a son’s property (27r).

kögerge talbibasu if one builds a bridge (12r, 47v).

kürgen sögödbesü if a son-in-law prostrates himself (23v).

küriy-e baribasu if one builds an enclosure (42v).

küriy-e deledbesü if one pounds a fence (31v).

küü sang negebesü if one opens a treasury (22v, 36r, 37r).

küü sang-un ger baribasu if one builds a treasury (25v).

küü sang-un ger bosqabasu if one erects a treasury (30r).

1087
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

lii-dür uèira(san beri-yi abubasu if one takes a bride who falls under the Li trigram (54r).

luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu if one treats the Nâga kings and the Lords of the

land (30r).

luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü if one performs the ceremony of the dragon kings (22r).

mal ada(usun abubasu if one takes livestock or an animal. (26v).

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu if one exports livestock, animal or food (43r).

mal adu(usun ögbesü if one gives livestock or animals (31v).

mal ada(usun qudaldubasu if one trades livestock or animals (25v).

mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu if one exports livestock (29r).

mal ögbesü if one gives livestock (28r, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36v).

mal ögbesü abubasu if one gives or takes livestock (32r).

mal qudaldubasu if one trades livestock (29v).

mal šin-e kebtešin-e kebtegülbesü if one beds livestock in a shelter (35v, 36v, 36v).

mal sürüglebesü if one herds livestock (37r).

mal-i öber-e sal(abasu if one divides up livestock (36v).

mese keyibesü if one makes a dagger (16r).

modun èièig taribasu if one plants trees or flowers (35v, 36r).

modun taribasu if one plants a tree (22r, 32r, 35r).

morin dobtulbasu if one gallops a horse (22v, 23v, 30v, 31v, 35r).

morin ögbesü if one gives a horse (31v).

morin qudaldubasu if one trades a horse (25r, 31r, 31r, 31v).

1088
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

morin sur(abasu if one trains a horse (21v, 28r, 31v, 34v).

morin šin¯ilebesü if one examines a horse (27v).

möndür oro(ulbasu if one causes hail to fall (32r).

mör (arbasu if one sets out on a journey (22r, 24v, 25r, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v,

27v, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35v, 35v,

36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r, 43v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v,

54r, 54r).

na(adun èinggeldün ¯ir(abasu if one enjoys oneself celebrating at a festival (31r).

na(addun na(adbasu if one plays a game (35r).

namanèilabasu if one confesses (25v).

nara sara kirtübesü if there is an eclipse of the sun or moon (25v).

nara sara ükübesü if the sun or moon die, i.e., if there is an eclipse (27r, 32r).

nasun bütügebesü [S. âyuhsâdhanâ]; if one performs a rite for longevity (28r, 34v); cf.

sidi in Lessing, 698.

nasun[-u tarni] uribasu if one recites the dhâranî of life (27v, 28r, 29v, 30r); see RRS

377.

nayir (arbasu if one holds a feast (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v).

nayitabasu if one sneezes (57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58v).

negüdel negübesü if one nomadizes (44r).

negüübesü if one moves (36r).

1089
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ner-e eribesü if one seeks a name (35r).

ner-e ögbesü if one gives a name (26v, 30r, 32r).

ner-e-dür ner-e öggübesü gives a name for a name (25v); perhaps this means to give a

nickname or a secret name.

ni(un töröbesü if a son is born (43r).

nom bièebesü if one inscribes the dharma (26v, 35r, 36r, 36r, 46v).

nom bièig bièibesü if one writes a scripture (36v).

nom buyan üiledbesü if one performs dharma merit (24r).

nom nomlabasu if one preaches the dharma (23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v, 61r).

nom ungšibasu if one reads the dharma (25v, 27v).

nom-dur orobasu if one starts [to read] a scripture (36r).

noqai kegübesü if a dog barks (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r).

noqai te¯iyebesü if one feeds a dog (44r).

noyan isanglabasu if one promotes a noble (61r).

noyan iši ¯ol(abasu if a noble presents himself to the principle wife of the ruler (37r).

nutu( ularibasu if one changes ones native land (34v, 43v).

odèa( egüdbesü if one starts a fire in the hearth (43v).

odèa( tülebesü if one kindles a fire in the hearth (42v).

okin ba(ul(abasu if a girl is brought into one’s household (43v).

okin beri ba(ul(abasu if one brings a girl or bride into one’s household (44r, 44r, 46v).

okin ber'i ögbesü if one gives away a daughter or bride (22v, 35v).

1090
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

okin bo(talabasu if a daughter gets engaged (36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r).

okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu if a daughter gets engaged or is brought into one’s

household (36v).

okin ögbesü if one gives away a daughter (21v, 24r, 25r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 31r, 35r,

35r, 35r, 41v, 41v).

okin töröbesü if a daughter is born (25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 28r, 31v).

okin üdebesü if a daughter is sent off (31v).

ong(oèa deger-e (arbasu if one goes out on a boat (47v).

ong(oèa oro(ulbasu if one launches a boat (12r).

ong(oèa yabu(ulbasu if one sends out a boat (36v).

ong(od-i takibasu if one sacrifices to a tutelary deity (35v).

ordo qarši ¯asabasu if one repairs a palace; this probably refers specifically to an icon-

case, a receptacle for a burqan (see RRS, 167); ordo qarši ¯asabasu 21v.

öber-ün tusa bütügebesü if one accomplishes something for one’s own benefit (22v).

öèig öèibesü if one prays a prayer (27r, 35v).

öèügüked-ün eliy-e darubasu if one suppresses the demons of the little ones (27r, 28v,

30v, 30v, 31v).

öèügüken tusa bütügebesü if one accomplishes a small favor (16r).

öglige ögbesu if one gives alms (25r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 41r, 45r).

öglige ögbesü abubasu if one gives or receives alms (35r, 37r, 41r).

öri abubasu if one takes on a debt (22v, 25r, 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r, 31r).

1091
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

öri ba ed mal ögbesü if one makes a loan, gives possessions or livestock (31v).

öri ögbesü if one gives debt, i.e., if one makes a loan; öri ögbesü 21v, 27r, 27v, 29r, 29v,

32r, 35r; öri buu ög 34r.

örön-e ¯üg odbasu if one goes west (49v, 50v).

örön-e ¯üg uduridbasu if one leads [them] to the west (22r).

örön-e odbasu if one goes west (50r, 50r).

qabèi(ai ¯asabasu if one repairs a passageway (46v).

qa(al(-a ba usun tegerme bosqabasu if one erects a door or a water mill (32r).

qa(al(-a ¯igübesü [=¯egübesü] if one hangs a door (43v, 46v, 48r).

qa(an-a (tatal(-a) bièig oro(ulbasu if one submits a written tribute to a king (36r, 36v,

36v, 36v).

qan kümün-eèe èola abubasu if one receives a title from a ruler (47v).

qan oron-a sa(ubasu if a ruler takes the throne (21v, 25v, 34v, 41v, 61r).

qargis qari(ulbasu if one makes a vicious reply (30v).

qariyal kibesü if one makes a curse (31v, 41v, 42r).

qariyal qari(ulbasu if one makes a counter curse (22v, 25r, 26v).

qarši-yi nomo(odqabasu [Tib. bgegs sel ba]; if one pacifies obstacles (28r).

qayinu( qudaldubasu if one trades a qayinu( (32r).

qola ba oyir-a odbasu if one goes either near or far (31r).

qola (a¯ar-a qudaldu odbasu if one goes to do business in a faraway place (36r).

qola (arbasu if one goes out far (47v).

1092
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qola ¯i(ulèilabasu if one travels far away (25r).

qoni yama(-a sürüglebesü if one herds sheep or goats (31v).

qonin abasu [=abubasu] if one takes a sheep (27r).

qoor-a neyilegülbesü if one mixes poison (41v).

qoriy-a baribasu if one builds an corral (42v).

qoriyan bosqabasu if one erects a corral (42v).

qota bal(asun baribasu if one builds a town or city (41v, 42r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 61r).

qota bal(asun èimebesü if one decorates a city or town (34v)

qota baribasu if one builds a city (41r, 42r, 42v).

qota deledbesü if one pounds a city wall (32r).

qota ¯asabasu if one repairs a city, i.e., citadel, fortress or wall (22v, 23v, 24r, 29r).

qota yender baribasu if one builds a fortress or platform (42v).

quda anda bolbasu if one becomes related through marriage or oath (15r, 22v, 25v, 26v,

30v).

quda anda bolulèibasu if one becomes related to another through marriage or oath (28r,

28r, 31r, 29r, 32r).

quda anda eribesü if one seeks relations through marriage or oath (31r).

qudaldu aril¯a kibesü if one does business (35v).

qudaldu keyibesü if one does business (9r, 14r, 22r, 24r, 25r, 27r, 29v, 34r, 34r, 36r, 36v,

37r, 37r, 37r).

qudaldu odbasu if one goes to do business (15r).

1093
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qudaldubasu if one does business (10r, 17r, 26v, 28r, 31v).

qudaldulèibasu if one trades with another (31r).

qudalduèin-dur odbasu if one goes to a merchant (41r).

quddu( nüke bulabasu if one digs a well (37r).

quddu( nüke butegen bulabasu if one succeeds in digging the hole for a well (36r).

quddu(-tur orobasu if one enters a well (37r).

qula(ai kibesü if one commits robbery (41r).

qula(ayièi kümün-i erigülbesü if one looks for a thief (36r).

qulu(an-a qa¯abasu if a mouse bites (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r).

qur-a (ese) orobasu if rain does (not) fall (11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 61r, 61v).

qurim qurimlabasu if one celebrates a feast (47v).

qutu( oroši(ulbasu if one gives a blessing (8r, 24r, 29v, 31r, 34v, 37v, 38r).

quvara(-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the clergy (26v).

saèuli er<e>gübesü if one offers an aspersion (60v).

saki(ulsun üiledbesü if one performs rites for protection (23r, 26v, 28r, 29r).

sang negebesü if one opens a storehouse (36r).

sasa deledbesü if one molds a miniature stupa [out of clay] (42r).

seèig taribasu if one plants a flower (36v).

suba( ¯asabasu if one repairs a canal (42r).

suba( tatabasu if one digs a canal (22r, 25v, 37r).

subur(-a baribasu if one builds a stupa (42v).

1094
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

subur(-a bosqabasu if one erects a stupa (23v, 25r, 26r, 30r, 31v, 32r).

suu ¯ali-yu(an takibasu if one makes an offering to one’s own spirit protector (25v, 28v).

süm-e baribasu if one builds a temple (31v, 47v).

süm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu if one erects a monastery or stupa (25r).

süm-e keyid baribasu if one builds a monastery (21v).

süm-e keyid bosqabasu if one erects a monastery (24r, 41v, 44v).

süm-e subur(-a baribasu if one builds a temple or stupa (42v).

sarid [?=šarid] deledbesü, ? if one beats penitence, i.e., practices flagellation (28v).

?šibad-un qurim kibesü ?if one holds a feast for the birds (44r).

šidar tatabasu if one plays the sitar (28v).

šin-e beri abubasu if one takes a new bride (35r).

šin-e debel abubasu if one receives a new robe (25r).

šini debel emüsbesü if one wears a new robe (21v, 28v, 34r, 56r).

šin-e debel ¯okiyabasu if one makes a new robe (32r).

šin-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu if a new couple unites (35r).

šin-e (a¯ar il(abasu if one analyzes a new place (61r).

šin-e ger abubasu if one acquires a new dwelling (29v).

šin-e ger ba qota ¯asabasu if one repairs a new dwelling or city wall (25r).

šin-e ger baribasu if one builds a new dwelling (24r, 35r).

šin-e ger-tür orobasu if one enters a new dwelling (22r, 23r, 25v, 26v, 28v, 36r, 36r, 36v,

37r, 37r, 47v).

1095
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

šin-e ger-dür orobasu negübesü if one moves into a new home (37r, 37r).

šin-e körge tatabasu if one works a pump; if one pumps a bellows (36r).

šin-e nutuglabasu if one settles down in a new place (41v).

šin-e ong(oèa usun-a oro(ulbasu if one launches a new boat (36r, 36v).

šin-e qa(al(-a baribasu if one builds a new doorway (22r).

šin-e širigen oro ¯asabasu if one repairs a new throne (36v).

širad kibesü ?if one makes a reliquary/mummy (23v).

širid-ün ger ?an idol temple; cf. RRS, 366-367; širid-ün ger baribasu 26v.

širid-ün ger baribasu ? if one builds the building (idol temple) for a reliquary/mummy

(26v).

široi ködelgebesü if one moves earth (42r).

šitügen-dür qutu( oroši(ulbasu if one blesses an object of veneration (38r, 43v).

tabèang baribasu if one builds a throne (23r).

takil ögbesü if one gives an offering (8r).

takil ba abišig talbibasu if one offers a sacrifice or consecration (28r).

tama(-a èi(ul(abasu if one gathers seals (36r).

tariyan modun taribasu if one plants grain or trees (37r, 47v).

tariyan saèubasu if one scatters grain (22r, 30v).

tariyan seèig taribasu if one plants grain or flowers (36v, 36v).

tariyan taribasu if one plants a crop (23v, 27v, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r,

46v).

1096
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tariyan tariyalabasu if one cultivates a crop (10r).

tariyan-dur köröngge orkibasu abubasu if one either casts or takes seed for a crop (46v).

tariyan-u üile üiledbesü if one performs grain rites (14r).

tariyan-u ebesün tegübesü if one picks weeds from a crop (30v, 41r).

tarni uribasu if one recites a dhâranî (25v, 30r, 32r, 34v, 34v, 61r).

tata(al usun tatabasu if one draws water into a canal (12r).

tegerm-e bosqabasu if one erects a mill (42v).

temdegtü adu(usun ögbesü if one gives a branded animal (30r).

temeèildübesü if one fights for something (35r).

tngri (a¯ar-yi takibasu if one makes an offering to heaven and earth (35r).

tngri ong(od-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the gods and protective deities (35v,

36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r).

tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü if one performs the ceremony for the gods (30v).

tngri-yi takibasu if one makes an offering to god (36v).

tngri-yin dalal(-a dalalabasu if one beckons the fortune of heaven (25v).

to(-a to(alabasu if one reckons mathematics (31v).

to(osq-a ¯ergelebesü if one lays brick (32).

toyin bolbasu if one becomes a monk (27r, 29v, 56v).

tögenebesü ¯inglebesü if one cauterizes a wound or applies a poultice (22v, 36v, 37r).

törö baribasu if one builds a government (34v).

tul(-a tulbasu if one leans against a support/touches a trivet (31v).

1097
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tüliši ögbesü if one gives a commemoration of the dead (28v, 30r, 30v).

uduridbasu if one leads (24r).

uduri(ulbasu if one is guided (34v).

ugiyaqui èoga üiledbesü if one performs a washing ceremony (31r).

una(an sur(abasu if one trains a foal (23r, 32r).

uqa(an sur(abasu if one teaches knowledge/science (23v, 23v).

usun suba( tatabasu if one digs a water canal (36r).

usun tegerme bosqabasu if one erects a water mill (32r).

usun-u üiles üiledbesü if one performs water rites (19r).

üile baribasu if one offers an act of penance (35r).

üiledbesü if one produces something (48r).

üiles sedübesü if one devises deeds (61r).

üiles üiledbesü if one performs rites (26r).

üker abubasu if one takes an ox (31v).

üker sur(abasu if one trains an ox (28v).

ükübesü if one dies (28v, 29r, 30r).

üküger-ün abdara kibesü if one makes a coffin for a corpse (37r).

üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu if one suppresses the demons of a corpse (48v).

üküger-ün yasun ¯asabasu if one treats the bones of a corpse (36v).

1098
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ükügsed-dür buyan üiledbesü if one performs meritorious deeds for the dead; this refers

to the buyanèi, the one assigned to care for the corpse when someone dies; (see RRS, 603);

ükügsed-dür buyan üiledbesü 21v, 25v, 30v.

ükügsed-ün yasun (ar(abasu tüliši ögbesü if one takes out the bones of the dead or

offers a commemoration for the dead (28v).

ükül-ün segül tasulbasu if one cuts the tail of death (32r).

ür-e saèubasu if one scatters seed (21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 32r).

ür-e tariyan ögbesü if one gives produce (30r).

ür-e ügei kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu if one takes out the bones of a person without

descendants (27r).

üsün kir(abasu if one cuts one’s hair (57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r,

58r).

ya(um-a kibesü if one makes something (44r).

ya(un ba abubasu if one takes anything whatsoever (25r, 28v).

yal-a yangqa qa(albasu if one investigates a crime (23r).

yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu if one sets out bones or a dorma; yasun ba rdovarma

(ar(abasu 55v.

yasun (ar(abasu if one takes out bones (30r, 31v, 40r, 41r, 42r, 43v, 44r, 47v).

MEDICINE

1099
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ada [Uy. ada]; evil spirit, demon, devil; object of aversion; nuisance; obstacle, hindrance;

Nebesky-Wojkowitz describes these demons as spirits who attack especially children and who

are therefore similar to Tib. chung sri," (ODT, 539). This type of demon was absorbed into

Tibetan shamanism and Buddhism through Mongolian and especially Buriat shamanism. Cf.

ODT, 539. Bawden, citing Sandschejew, describes these demons thus:

According to Buriat tradition, one of the souls of a dead person, having been
captured or eaten up by the spirits, ends its existence, leaves the body and
becomes a boxolde, Khalkha boxuldui, or an ada, and establishes itself in a
reptile, and is particularly harmful to children.

He notes that Nebesky-Wojkowitz connects ada with Tib. chung sri and adds that it is usually

connected with Tib. gdon. Cf. SE I, p. 234, n. 58. üküger-ün qan ada adalamui 26r; qar-a

to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada adalamui 26v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada adalamui

34v; ebedèin ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ükül ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; qorin ¯ir(u(an-a qoor ada bolqu

56r; ada-du kürteyü 50r; ada-du uèaraqu 50r.

ana(a- to treat (an illness); ebedèin kürtebesü ana(aquy-a berke 40r.

èa(an ¯asal white treatment (39v, 45r); a white treatment is given as consisting of the

reciting of texts, while a motely treatment (ala( ¯asal) consists of the rituals of spells and

wearing charms (see SE II, 166-167).

èu(la(ul- to gather: em èu(la(ulbasu 22r.

èungla(ul- to gather: em buu èungla(ul 35r; em èungla(ulbasu 21v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v,

31v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 45v; em ¯asal èungla(ulbasu 35v.

ebedèin illness; disease; sickness: kümün-dür ebedèin bolu(ad 15r; köbegün töröbesü

ebedèinügei nasun urtu bolqu 32r;luus-un qad-un ebedèin kürteyü 34v; ebedèin bari(ulbasu

1100
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

35v; ebedèin baribasu 37r; ebedèin kürtebesü ana(aquy-a berke 40r; ebedèin kürtebesü

edegeküy-e berke 42v; ebedèin ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ebedèin emle- 28r, 56v, 61r; ebedèin

taqul bolqu 57v, 57v; ebedèin bolumui 58r; ebedèin-dü uèaraqu 50r; ebedèin-dür uèaraqu 50r;

otaèi-yi erin ebedèin-i ü¯igülbesü 36r; ebedèin-i ¯asabasu 36v; ebedèin-ü kümün saki(ulsun

üiledbesü 28v; ebedèitü bolumui 28v.

ebedèin ada illness demons: ebedèin ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r.

edege- to recover, i.e., from an illness: ebedèin kürtebesü edegeküy-e berke 42v.

em medicine: em neyilegülbesü 11r; em neyilegülküi sayin edür 56r; em èungla(ulbasu

21v, 22r, 27v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 45v, 46v; em buu èungla(ul 35r; em

¯asal èungla(ulbasu 35v; em èu(la(ulbasu 22r; bièig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r; em u(uubasu

26v/em uu(ubasu 36r; ¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür em ülü u(uuqu 56v; em emlebesü 28r,

61r; em ¯okiyabasu 34v; em nidübesü 35v, 36r, 37r; em ögkü-dür sayin 56r; Qonin edür em

ülü idekü 57v.

emèi doctor, physician: emèi otaèi kümün 4v.

emle- to treat an illness: ebedèin emlebesü 61r; em emlebesü 28r, 61r; aliba sarayin noqai-

dur ebedèin emleküy-[y]i èigerlegülün nomla¯uqui 56v.

enele- to suffer pain of body or mind; to grieve, lament, be distressed: eneleküi ¯obalang-

iyar qoqui kemen ¯oba¯u yabumui 47v.

¯asa- to repair; to treat, i.e., an illness: ¯am ¯asabasu 19r; ordo qarši ¯asabasu 21v; qota

¯asabasu 22v, 23v, 24r, 29r; šin-e ger ba qota ¯asabasu 25r; ger ¯asabasu 25v, 35v, 36r, 37r;

ger baribasu ¯asabasu 30v/ger baribasu ¯ašabasu [=¯asabasu] 35v; ger tergen ¯asabasu 36r, 36v,

1101
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

37r; ger dotor-a yampar qa(uèin bara(an bürin-e ¯asabasu 36r; qa(uèin ger ¯asabasu 36v; ger

bayišing qota ¯asabasu 28r; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu 30r; šin-e širigen oro ¯asabasu

36v; ebedèin-i ¯asabasu 36v; qa(uèin üküger-ün yasun ¯asabasu 36v; suba( ¯asabasu 42r;

qabèi(ai ¯asabasu 46v; qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 8r, 19r; ¯asal ¯asan ¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu

54v; ¯asaqu 47v.

¯asal treatment; a medical term, used in both empirical and unempirical contexts; here

refers especially to magical or ritual treatment; see SE II, 162-163: kereg ¯asal üiledbesü 30v;

ger-dür yamparba kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü 35v; kereg ¯asal kibesü 44v; em ¯asal èungla(ulbasu

35v; èa(an ¯asal 45r; èa(an ¯asal kibesü 39v; qara sarayin ¯asal 50v; ¯asal ¯asan ¯okiqu ülü

¯okiqu 54v.

¯ingle- to apply a compress or poultice: tögenebesü ¯inglebesü 22v, 36v, 37r.

kürte- to touch; to fall ill: qonin kürteküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v ebedèin kürtebesü; 40r, 42v; luus-un qad-un ebedèin kürteyü 34v; ada-du kürteyü 50r.

neyilegül- to combine, e.g., medicine or poison: em neyilegülbesü 11v; qoor-a

neyilegülbesü 41v; neyilegülküi 45v; qoor neyilegülküi üiles 46r; em neyilegülküi sayin edür

56r.

nidü- to grind, e.g., medicine: em nidübesü 36r, 37r; otaèi-yin em nidübesü 35v.

otaèi [fr. Uygur]; physician, doctor; herbalist (Lessing, 625): emèi otaèi kümün 4v; otaèi-yi

erin ebedèin-i ü¯igülbesü 36v; otaèi-yin em nidübesü 35v.

1102
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qoor-a poison: qoor-a neyilegülbesü 41v; qoor neyilegülküi üiles 46r; qooridur

[=qooradur] ükügsen kümün[-ü] köbegün qula(a¯u amu 24v; qooritu [=qooratu] üiles 16r.

sada(-a a doll used in medical rituals, through which illness is expelled: sada(-a buu ög

34v.

šarq-a wound: yar-a šarq-a bolqu 50r.

šilige splinter; (see DO, 616b [šilge]): šilige buu (ar(a 34r.

tabun qalqala(èi five protectors, talismans: 1. the quill feather of a raven (qong keriy-e-ü

[=yin] soddu); 2. the shell of a turtle (yasutu menekei-yin kürmeli); 3. the spine of a porcupine

(so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün); 4. the horn of an antelope (orong(u-yin eber); 5. the tusk of a wild

boar (bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a): tabun qalqala(èi ede kemebesü. qong keriy-e-ü [=yin]

soddu. yasutu menekei-yin kürmeli. so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün. orong(u-yin eber. bodong (aqay-

yin soyo(-a. ede tabun bui 60r.

taqul plague; epidemic: üsün kir(abasu ebedèin taqul bolqu 57v; qulu(an-a qa¯abasu

ebedèin taqul bolqu 57v.

tögen-e moxa; poultice: ge¯igen-dür tögenetü kümün 29v.

tögene- to cauterize; apply a poultice or a hot compress: tögenebesü ¯inglebesü 22v, 36v,

37r.

u(uu-/uu(u- to drink; take medicine: em u(uubasu 26v; em uu(ubasu 36r; darusun

uu(ubasu 57r; em ülü u(uuqu 56v.

yar-a sore; scab; ulcer: yar-a šarq-a bolqu 50r.

1103
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

DEMONS/DEITIES/SUPERNATURAL BEINGS

[See also the Nakshatra and the Sun and Moon and the five planets]

ada [Uy. ada]; evil spirit, demon, devil; object of aversion; nuisance; obstacle, hindrance;

Nebesky-Wojkowitz describes these demons as spirits who attack especially children and who

are therefore similar to Tib. chung sri," (ODT, 539). This type of demon was absorbed into

Tibetan shamanism and Buddhism through Mongolian and especially Buriat shamanism. Cf.

ODT, 539. Bawden, citing Sandschejew, describes these demons thus:

According to Buriat tradition, one of the souls of a dead person, having been
captured or eaten up by the spirits, ends its existence, leaves the body and
becomes a boxolde, Khalkha boxuldui, or an ada, and establishes itself in a
reptile, and is particularly harmful to children.

He notes that Nebesky-Wojkowitz connects ada with Tib. chung sri and adds that it is usually

connected with Tib. gdon. Cf. SE I, p. 234, n. 58. üküger-ün qan ada adalamui 26r; qar-a

to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada adalamui 26v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada adalamui

34v; ebedèin ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ükül ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; qorin ¯ir(u(an-a qoor ada bolqu

56r; ada-du kürteyü 50r; ada-du uèaraqu 50r.

ada todqor demons, obstacles; obstacle creating demons (ODT, 90); ada todqor èi(ul'qu-

yin na(šidar 29r; qulu(an-a qa¯abasu ada todqor bolqu 57r; üsün kir(abasu ada todqor bolqu

57r; keriy-e kegübesü [. . .] ada todqor bolqu 58r.

adala- to obsess, bewitch, bedevil; üküger-ün qan ada adalamui 26r; okin töröbesü erketen-

dür uèaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v; qar-a to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada adalamui

26v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v.

1104
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

albin/alban [Tib. bstan] demon, devil, evil spirit, sprit; cf. SE I, p. 246. albin salm-a-bar

küliküi na(šidar 27v; Mul na(šidar kemebesü alban-u [=albin-u] na(šidar 29v; albin-u

degeremeèi odun 59r.

albin salm-a the devil’s net (RRS 432); albin salm-a-bar küliküi na(šidar 27v.

albin-u degeremeèi the bandits of the albin demons: albin-u degeremeèi odun 59r.

altan ordo the golden celestial palace (Doré, v. 6, p. 11, v. 9, p. 21); altan ordo mör

(arbasu sayin 49r.

amatu sön-e ?milk at the mouth; perhaps tianru/t’ien-ju (Mathews 6362, 3144), a single star

(: Librae) at the mouth of gang/kang, the 2nd xiu (Ho 1966: 83): yeke amatu sön-e-dür morin

buu dobtul 33v; amatu sön-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r.

Amindiu-a [S. Amitâbha; Mong. èa(laši ügei gereltü]; the fourth dhyâni-Buddha and the

ethereal form of Úâkyamuni (Getty 1988: 37-39); Mahašuvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar

naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r.

amin(-u) saki(ulsun life protection; a ritual for the protection of life (Beyer, p. 55).

arban qoyar e¯in the twelve lords (35v); a Chinese cycle of twelve days; it belongs to an

ancient astrological system, known as jianchu (after the first two terms in the cycle) that dates

to at least the Western Han (Allred, 2002: 65, n. 136; Ho 2003: 30); the manual gives a

transcription of the Chinese terms: jan, èuu, man, bing, ding, gi [=ji], pô, üi, èeng, šiu, ke, bi;

their Mongolian translation: ejilegèi, aril(a(èi, dügürügèi, tübsidkegèi, to(ta(èi, saki(èi,

ebdegèi, tüšigèi [=tügšigèi], bütügèi, quriya(èi, negegèi, qa(a(èi, and then the combination

of the two: ¯an e¯ilegèi edür, etc.; cf. Mostaert MMAD, 21, n. 61; pentaglot dictionary, 17428-

1105
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

17440, pp. 997-998. For these twelve lords in Uigur sources, cf. Rachmati, #11, p. 308 and

Bazin, 1991: 287-288.

arban qoyar gdanm-a the twelve consorts (38v).

asuri [S. asura; Tib. lha ma yin; Mong. tngri busu]; a class of demi-gods, enemies of the

gods in Hindu mythology (Lessing, 1161); titans; antigods (cf. also Waddell 1978: 81-82). 'al

odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar bui 22v.

Ayuši [Mong. èa(laši ügei nasutu]; name of a famous bodhisattva, the God of Long Life:

Ayuši-yin nom ungšiqui [. . .] üiles-dür sayin 45v.

Badm-a dagini [S. padma “lotus”; S. dâkinî]; Padma dâkinî; one of the tabun dagini (five

dâkinî): Badm-a dagini 49v.

ba(atud the heroes: (a¯ar-un ba(atud 58v, 58v; (a¯ar-un ba(atud-un tere ¯üg èereg ba

negüüdel buu od 58v.

ba(u- to descend, i.e., a demon, god or spirit: burqan tngri-eèe ba(u(san buyan-du sayin

èa( 16r; tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 54r; tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r; Maqagala

ba(uqu edür 46v; Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge 20r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edür 47r; Okin

tngri ba(uqu edürün belge 20r; (a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a ba(uqu tula 58v.

Ba’jar dagini [S. vajra “thunderbolt”; S. dâkinî]; Vajra dâkinî, one of the tabun dagini (five

dâkinî,): Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün 3r; Bajar dagini 49r.

baling do(šin [Tib. gtor ma; Skt. bali]; a food offering to deities, usually made of dough

kneaded into various (often pyramidal) shapes (cf. Lessing, 80); cf. also RRS, 426-428; baling

1106
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

do(šin güikü edürün belge 20v; baling do(šin 39v; baling do(šin qami(-a (sa(uqu) 40r, 41r.

bati bata ?: bati bata güikü edürün belge 20v.

biyoo ?Ch. biao; perhaps this term is associated with the Chinese star term, Chü-men. The

term is given as bayuu; I transcribe b'yuu; for byuu, cf. Heissig, Die mongolischen

Handschriften--Reste aus Olon Süme Innere Mongolei (16.-17. Jhdt), p. 508; in the pentaglot

dictionary under the types of gods (Man. enduri i hacin) there is a Manchu deity, biyoo

(17457, p. 999); this is Chinese can gong (Mathews ts’an, “silkworm”, 6698, p. 983; kung

“palace, temple, dwelling,” 3705, p. 544); biyoo 58v.

Buda dagini [S. buddha “wisdom”; S. dâkinî]; one of the tabun dagini (five dâkinî): Buda

dagini 49v.

burqad [pl. of burqan]; buddhas, gods, deities: qamu( burqad tngri-nar bayasun

sayišiyamu 60v.

burqan buddha, god, deity; image of a buddha: burqan bodisü[n]g 1v; burqan šim[n]us

kiged ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r; burqan tngri-eèe ba(u(san buyan-du sayin èa(

16r; burqan takibasu 23r, 24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29v, 29v, 31r, 32r, 34r, 34v, 35r,

35r; burqan buu taki 34v; burqan šitügen šinidkebesü 24r; burqan bütügebesü 26r; burqan

ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v; nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu

sayin edür 37v; burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v; burqan nom-i

amilabasu 44v; burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r; burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu 48r; burqan tngri

buu taki 48r; burqan-dur aliba takil üiledbesü 31r; burqan-i takibasu 21v, 22v, 25r, 26r, 27r,

1107
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

28v, 29r, 30r; burqan-i bišil(abasu 26v; ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen burqan-u nomla(san sudur 2r;

burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g 2r; burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü

sudur 2v; burqan-u qutu(-i olu(san sayin èa( 11r; burqan-u oron eribesü 22v; aliba burqan-u

èi(ul(an üiledbesü 26v; burqan-u e¯in mese-dür üküyü 34v; burqan-u šitügen egüdbesü 46v.

èa(-un qara the black hours (41r, 42r).

èa(an baras the White Tiger (41r, 49r, 49r, 49r;) refers to the White Tiger of autumn,

which, together with the Red Bird of summer, the Blue Dragon of spring (köke luu), and the

Black Tortoise of winter (qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf.

Stall's Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 113-119).

èa(an baras-un köl the leg of the white tiger, i.e., the base of the western constellation of

autumn, the White Tiger: èa(anbaras-un köl-dür mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

èa(an baras-un niru(un the back of the white tiger tiger, i.e., the heart or middle of the

western constellation of autumn, the White Tiger: èa(an baras-un niru(un mör (arbasu sayin

49r.

èa(an baras-un terigün the head of the white tiger, i.e., the head of the western

constellation of autumn, the White Tiger: èa(an baras-un terigün mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

èidker devil, demon, fiend, ghost: ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi

odun ali bui 33v; ba(ši kümün-i èidker-<y>i bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ula(èi Burnavasu buyu

33v; èidker-nu(ud-i [=èidker-nügüd-i] nomo(odqabasu 23r.

èidköd [pl. of èidkör]; devils, demons, fiends; ghosts (Lessing, 177; cf. also Poppe 1967:

30-31, passim); tngri kümün èidköd (urba(ula èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar bui 26r; èidköd

1108
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(aši(udaqu edür 48v; èidköd-i daru- 26r, 27r, 45r; üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu 48v; èidköd-

<y>i nomo(odqabasu 34v; engküri èidköd-i nomo(odqabasu 35v; èidköd-<y>i buu daru(ul

34v.

èi(ta(-a rope fixed at the center of the roof-ring of a tent; for its use in ritual, see Chabros,

1992: 18; a heavenly influence: tngri-yin èi(ta(-a-dur dalal(-a buu dalal 33v; örön-e doron-a

èi(ta(-a-dur ber'i buu ba(ul(-a 33v; tngri-yin èi(ta(-a Èista buyu 34r; örön-e doron-a-yin

èi(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r.

èi(ul- to assemble: èi(ul(an buu èi(ul 35r; èi(ulbasu 46v; èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 15r, 25v,

27v, 27v, 35r, 36v; ¯arli(-un èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 22v; eyetüldür-e èi(ulbasu 22v; naiman

ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge 20r; naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu edürün belge 20r; luus-un qad

èi(ul'qu edürün belge 20r; (a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge 20r; erketen èi(ul'qu edürün

belge 20r; ada todqor èi(ul'qu-yin na(šidar 29r; sara-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un

qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r; èi(ulqui-dur inu 38r; naiman ayima( terigüten-ü èi(ulqui qariqui

2v; naiman ayima( terigüten (a¯ar usun-u e¯id ba èi(ulqui qariqui 2v; èi(ulqui edür 38r;

Kögeler sara büküli èi(ulqui bögetele 38v; eyetün èi(ul’qui 61r; èi(ulumui 38r, 38r, 39r, 39v;

èi(ul(an inu yerü dörben ekin sarayin (urban isün-e èi(ulumui 38r; Qubi sarayin arban

dörben nara ur(uqui èa(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; Qoyar

sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a söni düli dörben èa(-iyan-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; 'urban

sarayin qorin qoyar-a söni-yin düli-yin urida dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui 38v; Dörben sarayin naiman šinede ör giküi-dür gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui 38v; Tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud

1109
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; ®ir(u(an šinede öèüken èi(ulumui 38v; Dolo(an

sarayin qorin tabun-a ör geyiküi-dür ekiner-ün ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v;

Naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara

šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; Isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman

ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; Arban sarayin arban dörben-

eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e ya(šas-un ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur

èi(ulumui 38v; Arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e erlig-üd-iyer küriyelegül¯ü

edür düli-eèe söni kürtel-e èi(ulumui 38v.

èing böged ¯ögelen obo( the firm but gentle clan: Kerteg Šuša( qoyar èing

böged ¯ögelen obo(-tan buyu 61v.

èingbatu obo( the unshakeable clan: Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden

dörben odun èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r.

èinu-a wolf; lubin; werewolf; for the pervasiveness of wolves as demons, see de Santillana,

278; erlig-ün èinu-a güikü na(šidar 28r; gara(-ud-un èinu-a 39v; èinu-a-yin kimusun-i

bul(ura(ulu(èi 33r, 33v.

èuèa( [Tib. chu-tshags, 1. sieve; 2. watering pot (Jäschke, 158)]; star spirit, “geomantic

spirit,” (TEDP, 129-132): èuèa( kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49v.

dada qan [Ch. tianhuang dadi/t’ien-huang ta-di]; Emperor Dada; a Chinese asterism

comprising one star, Polaris, the North Pole; known as the central palace of heaven and ruler

of the sky (Schlegel 1967: 523; Staal, 1984: 126; Allred, 2002: 117); the pole star commonly

1110
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

referred to in Mongolian as Altan (adasu (the golden spike [TU, 1991: 896]): dada qan

kemekü edür mör (arbasu ma(u 49v.

dagini [S. dâkinî; Tib. mkha’ ‘gro ma (skywalker)]; a class of female spirits, prominent in

Buddhist tantras (Lessing, 1167) there are five dâkinî: 1. Bajar dagini = Vajra (thunderbolt)

dâkinî; 2. Radn-a dagini = Ratna (jewel) dâkinî; 3. Badm-a dagini = Padma (lotus) dâkinî; 4.

Garm-a dagini = Karma (action) dâkinî; and 5. Buda dagini = Buddha (wisdom) dâkinî; cf.

Beyer, 45; ODT, 44, 53; Loewe and Blacker, eds., 1981, 23: Bajar dagini 49v; Radn-a dagini

49v; Badm-a dagini 49v; Garm-a dagini 49v; Buda dagini 49v; Bajar dagini-yin ündüsün 3r;

tabun dagini-yin mör (arqu edür-<y>i ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 49v.

daru- to suppress, crush, i.e., an enemy or demon; to press down: dayisun darubasu 21v;

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi ¯irubasu darubasu 27v; dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-yi

qabtasun-dur bièi¯ü yabuqu mör-dür talbi¯u ¯egün köl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu

24r; èidköd-i darubasu 26r, 27r; üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu 48v; öèügüked-ün eliy-e(-yi)

darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v, 31v; eliy-e(-yi) darubasu 29r, 32r, 41r; dayisun-u èereg-ün

noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bièi¯ü (al-dur tüleged isün adqu široi isün aya(-a usun-iyar sönöge¯ü

daru(ad suu ¯ali-yu(an takiju örön-e ¯üg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 22r; dayisun-u noyan-u

ner-e-yi ¯iru¯u(aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dürü¯ü usun-dur daru(ad örön-e ¯üg èereg uduridbasu

dayisun-i daruyu 23r; dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-yi bièi¯ü dolo(an alqu (a¯ar-a isün

doboèa( široi door-a daru(ad 23v; dayisun-i daru(ad 25v; dayisun(-i) daruqu üiles 23v, 26r,

29r, 31r, 42v; dayisun-i daruqu 45r; èidköd-i daruqu 45r; nigen em-e isün er-e-yi daruqu odun

1111
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

59r; dayisun-i daruqui üiles 46r; dayisun-i daruyu 22r, 22r, 23r, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24r, 24v,

24v, 29r; dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 22r; bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu tere daruyu 22v.

daru(ul- [caus. of daru-]; 1. to cause to suppress, e.g., a demon; 2. to repeat, e.g., a

blessing; see MMAD, 65, note 132; DO, 124b, 406b (under jusu): èidköd-<y>i buu daru(ul

34v; adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v; daru(ulqui-yin üiles 35v.

dayang [Ch. dayang/ta-yang]; the sun; the yang principle (Lessing 1951: 158); while

Chinese taiyang refers to the sun, the reference here is likely to an asterism, dayang, so named

because it marks the path of the sun (Schlegel 1967: 113, 818-819, nn. 365-369); see also the

Mongolian star naran (TU, 903): dayang kemekü edür mör (arbasu ma(u 49v.

dayiwang tayiqu [Ch. daiwang; Ch. taihou (Mathews, 6020.a.10)]; mother and father of

the emperor; as one of the four demons of a bride, context suggests that this pair belong as one

star spirit (52r); compare the celestial emperor (tianwang) and the heavenly empress (tianhou

[Schlegel 1967: 100, 149, 164]): dayiwang tayiqu 53r; beri-yin dörben šilmus kemebesü

dayiwang dayiqu šitügen eke. lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai

52r.

degüreng sang ?full treasury: degüreng sang mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

do(šid [S. raudra; Tib. drag gshed/drag po]; the ferocious or ruthless ones; Buddhas or

Bodhisattvas who guard the external world. They are terrible in appearance. There are many

of them but eight or nine principle ones; see Lessing, 1167, RRS, 90, 402-403, 418; do(šid-un

üile(s) 25r, 28r, 29r, 30v, 32r, 34v, 35v; do(šid-un sedkil (angqui na(šidar 29v; do(šid-un

tarni uribasu 34v.

1112
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

do(šin edür the fearsome day: do(šin edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r.

do(šin gara( fearsome planet: do(šin gara( 43r; 'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara(

büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar bui. do(šin gara( kememüi 22v; ginggang kemebesü nara sara

bari(èi do(šin gara( 42v; gara(-ud-un do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v.

doto(adu ordo internal palace; the northern circumpolar stars; in China, India and ancient

Mesopotamia the sky is divided into three divisions, outer, middle, and inner, the middle

being the stars of the ecliptic, outer, the stars south of the ecliptic; and inner, the northern and

circumpolar stars (Needham 1959: 242-243, 255-257); a binary division of the sky is also

found, in which the “inner palace” refers to the stars beyond the twenty-eight lunar mansions

(Ch. xiu); this again indicates the northern circumpolar stars (Allred, 2002: 12; Needham

1959: 242-243); the inner palace is also represented by specific constellations, the six stars

of gouzhen (angular arranger, in Ursa Minor, Camelopardalis, and Cepheus), nine stars of wei

(the tail, the 6th xiu) and four stars of ji (the basket, the 7th xiu [Ho 1966: 67, 97-98]):

doto(adu ordo mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

dörben belbesün odun the four widow stars: dörben belbesün odun kemebesü Kerteg

Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan kiged buyu 61r.

dörben kürdün obo( the four-wheels clan: Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun

dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r.

dörben šimnus-ud the four demons (šimnus-ud): 1. those of heaven which instigate

lasciviousness; 2. those of the body which bring ignorance; 3. those of the spirit which cause

anger; and 4. those of the king of death which promote avarice (RRS, 645): 38v.

1113
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dörben tan odun ?the four tan nakshatra (indicating significance for those of rank, to

whom tan is used as an honorific): dörben tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar

Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r.

dörben ür-e tasura(san odun the four nakshatra in which descendants are cut off:

dörben ür-e tasura(san odun kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar. Abaji Barani qoyar buyu 61r.

ebedèin ada illness demons: ebedèin ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r.

egüdügsen isün tngri the nine creator gods; see BTD, 177, #2288; for the gods who

created the nine dwelling places of human beings; egüdügsen isün tngri-yi uribasu 28v.

e¯ed/e¯id [pl. of e¯en]; lords, masters, rulers, owners; refers to spirits: (a¯ar usun-u e¯id 2v;

(a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada

adalamui 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu

30r; (a¯ar usun e¯id-i takibasu 39v; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r.

e¯en/e¯in lords, masters, rulers, owners; refers to both people and spirits: ükülün e¯en

8r/ükülün e¯in 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; burqan-u e¯in mese-dür üküyü

34v; debel ba ger ed'kebesü e¯in inu ükükü 35r; arban qoyar e¯in 35v; tngri-yin Vim-a neretü

degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün inu (a¯arun e¯in

qa(an kemegdeyü 39v; ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v; (a¯ar-un

e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r; šin-e ger-dür orobasu gerün e¯in qa(acaqu 47v; tngri (a¯ar-un

on sara edür èa( möèe. odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in inu tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r;

(anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in odun 59r; šin-e asaraqu ba da(a(ulbasu e¯in-dü ma(u 53v; (a¯ar-

un e¯in-i takibasu 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( 24r.

1114
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

eke 1. mother; refers to both people and spirits; 2. origin source; see also eki: šitügen(-ü)

eke 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; šitügen eke Takiy-a (a¯ar-a 8r; šitügen-ü

eke Üker (a¯ar-a 9r; beri-yin dörben šilmus kemebesü dayiwang dayiqu šitügen eke. lii külil

tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keèiyenü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52r; dayiwang tayiqu qangpan qongpan

šitügen-ü eke šabšu kiged-ün ¯üg buu yabu 53r; eèige eke degüü amidu bögesü mön tegün-dü

ma(u 51v; dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; ede sarada eèige eke-

de ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada qadam eèige eke-de ma(u 51r; qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u

52v; basa nigen eketü 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 55r,

56r, 60v; nigen eketü 52r; eèige eke-yu(an [=yügen] ¯arumui 43r.

eke [Tib. ma-mo]; Hâriti, the child-eating yakshini and queen of the pretas, mother of the

daitya-demons (Waddell 1978: 99, 369); dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui 38v.

ekener [Tib. ma-mo]; mother-she-devils (Ma-mo), black colored, the “disease mistresses”;

they are sometimes the spouses of the other malignant demons and cannot be very sharply

demarcated from other she-devils (Waddell 1978: 370); Cornu describes them as, “a very

numerous class of fierce female deities. Although they predate Buddhism, they have been

assimilated to the Matrika, a type of sorcerer of the charnel grounds. These black goddesses

personify natural forces that become destructive when disturbed. They carry bags full of

disease germs and comprise the retinue of the Great Dharma Protectresses (Cornu 1997: 252);

ekiner-ün ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

eliy-e One meaning for eliy-e is as a hawk-like bird, another is a kind of demon; in the pre-

classical language initial h- distinguished bird (heliy-e) from demon (Golden 2000: 198A6,

186C20, 200A25); Bawden, citing Kowaleski, describes the eliy-e as "an evil hostile spirit in

the form of a bird, goblin, devil," Tib. 'gon po. Tib. 'gon po, he notes, is equivalent in the

pentaglot dictionary to Mo. kölèin, Manchu ekèin, "an ugly demon," cf. Hauer. "Eliy-e," is

given here he says, "as a terrifying demon . . . . mentioned as the agent of disease or death

without any indications that would serve to define its nature more exactly." However, the

pentaglot dictionary gives for eliy-e Tib. bya 'dre, which Jäschke translates as "a winged

diabolical creature, harpy." Cf. SE I, 243-245; ¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] eliy-e šiba(un qošiyalamui

9r; eliy-e da(a(san kümün 22v; eliy-e üldebesü 27r; öèügüked-ün eliy-e darubasu 27r, 28v,

30v, 30v; eliy-e-yi darubasu 29r, 41r; öèügüked-ün eliy-e-[y]i darubasu 31v eliy-e darubasu

32r; abu(èi eliy-e odun 59r.

engküri dear, favorite, beloved, tender; a kind of demon: engküri köbegün 28r, 35r, 44r;

engküri èidköd 35v; engküri-yi nomo(odqabasu 25r.

erketen [S. indriya; Tib. dbang po] powerful ones, masters; a kind of demonic spirit;

various lists are given, the most common referring to the five senses (Lessing 1169; cf. KOT

72, 107, passim; Aalto 1961: 23; Poppe 1967: 27); erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ögede

qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; okin töröbesü erketen-dür uèaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v;

erketen-i takibasu 27v; erketen-i nomo(odqabasu 28r; Burvasad na(šidar kemebesü erketen-ü

na(šidar bui 30r.

1116
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

erlig [S. Yama; Tib. gshin-rje; Mong. ükülün ejin]; king of hell; god of death; comparable

to Pluto; Erlig is the king of the underworld, but as Bawden says "the term is also used to

designate his minions: here it may be equivalent to Tib. gshin-rje, a class of death-bringing

demons for which see Oracles and Demons, p. 82" (SE I, p. 238, n. 70); modun erlig 8r, 9r,

10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; Arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin

kürtel-e erlig-üd-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38v; ükübesü erlig-üd-ün udusq-a bui 28v; erlig-ün èinu-a

güikü na(šidar 28r; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-ün odun bui 60v.

(a¯ar usun-u e¯id guardian spirits of a place. Cf. Waddell 1978: 372; (a¯ar usun-u e¯id 2v;

(a¯ar usun e¯id-i takibasu 39v.

(a¯ar-un ba(atud the heroes of the earth (58v, 58v, 58v).

(a¯ar-un egüüde [Tib. sa-sgo]; the earthly gate; a celestial passageway, counterpart to the

heavenly gate (tngri-yin egüüde); in the manual the earthly gate refers to the nakshatra Barani

(S. Bharanî); through these gateways spirits pass, often bringing negative influence (TEDP,

86; ODT, 285-298; Krueger 1976: 207, 234, 253, 272; Sárközi 1989: 320; Dollfus 1994);

(a¯ar-un egüüde ali bui 33r; (a¯ar-un egüüde mön Barani 33r.

(a¯ar-un e¯en/e¯id [Skt. bhûmipati; Tib. sa-bdag]; lords of the earth, spirit lords of the soil;

genius loci; the number of the various lords of the earth is said to be infinite; the prinary

source enumerating them is the ‘Byung-ba rin-chen kun-‘dus [Gathering of all precious

elements] (cf. TEDP, 120, 419); see also Waddell 1978: 371-372; (a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu

edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; (a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 20v; dumdadu bükü

(a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( büküi 24r; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu 30r; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-

1117
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

un qad-un ada adalamui 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯in-i takibasu 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i

takibasu 39v; (a¯arun e¯in qa(an 39v; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r; ebdegèi qara

qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v.

(a¯ar-un (al fire of the earth; perhaps this is associated with what is given in the Indian

Sûrya Siddhânta as "malignant aspects of the sun and moon" (Burgess, 379-383); (a¯ar-un

(al 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

(a¯ar-un noqai the dog of the earth; mundane or earthly counterpart to the Dog of Heaven

(tngri-yin noqai): (a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in bui

20v.

(a¯ar-un sünesü the spirit of the earth: (a¯ar-un sünesü 58v; Luu Noqai Üker Qoni Taulai

edür (a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a ba(uqu 58v.

(asalang-un mör the path of affliction: umara (asalang-un mör 54r; örön-e (asalang-un

mör 54r; doron-a (asalang-un mör 54r; dörben ¯obkis (asalang-un mör 54r.

(okimui withering; Ordus pronunciation of qokimai "dry, dried up" (Lessing, 956); term

has many meanings, including: the Buddhist idea of "the misery of the gods" when their merit

is finally exhausted; after almost incalculable time "this lake of nectar dries up" (Waddell

1978: 88-89); Hindu eschatology states the world will perish because of the conjunction of

12 suns, which will destroy the earth by withering all substances (Sachau 1971: 325); it also

refers to the image of a skull pan, made of dough, which is placed on a pyramid, also made

of dough, in a religious service known in Tibetan as zor (RRS 493) and the dancing skeletons

in the Tsam ceremony (RRS 510-511); the form here is short for modun (okimui; this is wood

1118
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

which may be decorated with cloth and expelled as a ransom figure (SE II, 173, n. 78):

(okimui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; modun (okimui 48r.

gara( [S. graha “seizer”, Tib. za]; planet; planets; known as “seizer” in Indian astrology

because they lay hold of the fates of men with their supernatural influence (Burgess 1859:

275; see also Stone 1981: 94): gara( 54v; taban gara( 2r; ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi

gara( 2r; gara( ideši erikü edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v; qorin naiman na(šidar-

lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u 21r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un

sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v; Naran odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara( kememü 21v; Saran

odun kemebesü door-a luus-un qad-un gara( büküi 22r; 'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara(

büküi 22v; do(šin gara( 22v; tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( kememüi 22v;

Usun odun kemebesü yaa(š-a-un qa(an-u gara( büküi 22v; Modun odun kemebesü ¯ögelen

galbaranjan modun-u gara( büküi 23r; Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara(

büküi 23v; Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( büküi 24r; gara( tegüs

inu sayin 24v; gara( ba yabuqui odun bügüde-yi ¯i(a¯u ögsügei 32v; isün gara( 32v; ni¯iged

gara( bui 33r; gara( odun-u sayin inu 38r; nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( 42v; odun gara(

ede bügüde-yin e¯in inu 55r; odun gara(-lu(-a tegüs<s>ügsen-e mörgümüi 32r; ni¯iged gara(-

lu(-a ni¯iged èa( bari(èi bui 33r; gara(-ud 45v; gara(-ud-iyar; gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui 38v; gara(-ud-un; gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin inu 39v;

gara(-ud-un èinu-a 39v; gara(-ud-un do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v; gara(-un qubil(an 39v;

do(šin gara(-un dotor-a oroši¯u 43r

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

gara(-ud the planets; [Tib. za; Skt. graha]; the planets; malevolent planetary spirits which

cause diseases such as epilepsy. Some are seasonal, such as the black dog, which comes in

the spring; cf. Waddell 1978: 369; Cornu 1997: 252; ör giküi-dür gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui 38v.

Garm-a dagini [S. karma “action”; S. dâkinî]; Karma dâkinî; one of the five dâkinî (49v).

gdanm-a [Tib. gtan "consort" + -m-a ?feminine ending]; consort; cf. Das, 521; arban qoyar

gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v.

ger-ün qo(osun ?the doppelgänger of a [heavenly] loci (48v). It is said that the empty

home is of such bad quality it is demonized. See Sárközi BTD, 2437, p. 187. Mostaert, citing

Jäschke, gives a Tibetan equivalent as k'ang-stong "an empty house, which is thought a fit

place for sorcery and necromancy” (MMAD, 36, n. 94; Jäschke, 38a). The reference must also

have an astrological meaning, which is more relevant. The term qo(osun refers to an occult

form or doppelgänger (Ch. kong/k’ung “empty” [cf. Ho 2003: 122]), and ger, a celestial house

as in the signs of the zodiac. See, for example, the phrase ordon inu qo(osun in the

Kâlacakra (KOT 77). Cf. also under qo(osun and qo(osun qumq-a.

ginggang [Tib. king kang/kang dang king]; a terrifying deity, which is said to signify

Râhu/Râhula; (cf. Jäschke, 3b, 2b); cf. also Mostaert DO, 548; ODT, 147; ginggang güikü

edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v; ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg

bui 20v; ginggang kemebesü nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( kememüi qamu(-i ügeyiregülügèi

qara šimu kememü 42v; öšiyerkü qara edür ginggang šingpüng güiküi edür ma(u 53r.

görögeèin šimnus hunter demons: görögeèin šimnus-un odun 59r.

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güi- to run, e.g. of fish, of demons: šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v’ Bati

bata güikü edürün belge inu ala( nidün bui 20v; ginggang güikü edürün belge inu qoyar qara

dusul bui 20v; baling do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v; erlig-ün èinu-a

güikü na(šidar 28r; qara šingpüng güiküi 42r; ginggang šingpüng güiküi edür 53r; güimüi

42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v; usun-u dotor-a ¯i(asun güimüi 8r; usun-dur qamu( ¯i(asun güimüi

9r; ideši eren güimüi 40r, 40r; [x] ¯üg güimüi 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r; edür düli emün-e ¯üg-eèe

umara ¯üg güimüi 40r; örön-e-eèe doron-a ¯üg söni düli güimüi 40r; qoyar sarayin Baras Beèin

edür söni düli güimüi 42r; egüni güikü eser'gü èirig uduridbasu 40r; edür nara ur(u(san

qoyin-a güimüi 42r; Baras Beèin edür ör geyiküi-dür güimüi 42r; Üker Qonin edür nara

šinggeküi èa(tur güimüi 42r; Tabun sarayin Üker Qonin edür nara ur(uqui èa(tur güimüi 42r;

®ir(u(an sarayin üker Qonin edür nara manduqui-dur güimüi 42v; Dolo(an sarayin Luu

Noqai edür nara manduqui èa(tur güimüi 42v; ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in

güiküi edür 43v.

ideši food, nourishment, e.g., for demons: gara( ideši erikü edürün 20v; saran-lu(-a edür

qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin 39v; tngri-yin noqai

ideši erikü edür 20v; ginggang ideši erikü edür 20v; (a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edür 20v;

(a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r; ideši eren güimüi 40r, 40r; ideši ereküi èa( 42v;

gara(-ud-un do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v.

Jagavar/JagŸarvadi [S. Cakravartin; Mong. kürdün ergülügèi qa(an]; The "Wheel

turning King" or ruler of the universe; cf. Lessing, 504; Waddell 1978: 389: köbegün

töröbesü JagŸarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saèa(uu boluyu 26v; tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali

1121
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bui 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a neretü qoyar

odun bui 32v.

Jagr-a sambur-a Cakrasambara; the "Binder of Energy Centers," a purely symbolic tantric

deity; cf. Lopez (Tibet), 41; Beyer (1973): 41-42; Jagr-a sambur-a 1v; Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin

yosu(ar 3r.

janggün/sanggün [Ch. jiangjun/chiang-chün, “the general” (Mathews 656.h.13)] “ike

jangjun tenggeri,” (Pentagot dictionary, 17445, p. 998); the Chinese asterism

tiandajiangjun/t’ien-ta-chiang-chün (the great celestial general), (, < and another star in

Andromeda and *, ,, ( and another star in Triangulum; ( Andromeda represented the Great

celestial general (Schlegel 1967: 339; Staal, 1984: 55; Allen, 1963: 416; Ho 1966: 89); Tib.

tsan-kun (TEDP, 122-126): janggün, 9v, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r; janggün

doron-a 8r; sanggün umar-a 19r.

¯a(an elephant: tabun odun-u düri inu ¯a(an metü bui 30v; miqaèi ¯a(an odun 59r; miqaèi

¯a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v; miqaèi ¯a(an Jayitari buyu 34r; èo(tu yeke ¯a(an-dur tariyan

buu tari 33v; èo(tu yeke ¯a(an Mig buyu 34r; ¯a(an-u terigün metü 59v, 59v; ¯ir(u(an odun-

u düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui 29v; (urban odun[-u] düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui

31r.

¯il-ün Tayisui [Ch. Taisui jinian (Ho 2003: 32-33); Tib. lo-skar che-ba]; see under tayisui:

¯il-ün Tayisui kemebesü Qulu(an-a Üker ¯il doron-a. Baras Taulai ¯il emün-e. Luu Mo(ai ¯il

emün-e örön-e. Morin Qonin ¯il örön-e. Beèin Takiy-a ¯il örön-e umara. Noqai 'aqai ¯il

umara. ede ¯üg-dü sa(umu 55v.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un qara the black times of the years, months, days and hours: ¯il

kiged sar-a edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r.

¯ir(u(an teryinar the six heretics of India who had to be overcome by Buddha

Shakyamuni; (see RRS, 371): ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r.

¯obalang-un tngri [Ch. huo “calamity; misfortune; judgements from heaven,” (Mathews

2399); Tib. pung lha]; god of suffering; “ike jobalanggun tenggeri,” (Pentaglot, 17450, p.

998): ¯obalang-un tngri yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r;

¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür 56v.

¯oliy-a mör ransom path; the road on which the ransom figure is to be cast; cf. the "yas"

road (Waddell 1978: 458); ¯oliy-a mör 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

köke luu [Ch. Canglong/ Ts’ang-lung (Mathews 6714, 4258)]; the Blue dragon (49r, 49r,

49r); refers to the Blue Dragon of spring, which together with the White Tiger of autumn

(èa(an baras) , the Red Bird of summer (ula(an ša¯a(ai) and the Black Tortoise of winter

(qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf. Stall's Stars of Jade,

passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 113-119).

köke luu-yin köl the foot of the blue dragon; refers to the third Chinese lunar mansion (Ch.

di/ti (Mathews 6187) “foundation”); it lies at the end of the eastern spring palace, the Blue

Dragon, comprising four stars (Schlegel 1967: 102): köke luu-yin köl-dür mör (arbasu ma(u

49r.

köke luu-yin niru(un the back of the blue dragon; refers to the second Chinese lunar

mansion (Ch. gang/kang (Mathews 3273) “throat”); it lies in the midst of the eastern spring

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palace, the Blue Dragon, and comprises four stars (Schlegel 1967: 93): köke luu-yin niru(un-

tur mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

köke luu-yin terigün the head of the blue dragon; refers to the first Chinese lunar mansion

(Ch. jiao/chiao (Mathews 1174) “horn”); it lies at the head of the eastern spring palace, the

Blue Dragon, comprising two stars, " and . Virgo (Schlegel 1967: 87): köke luu-yin terigün-

dür mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

küriyelegül- to gather around: naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r;

arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; söni düli dörben èa(-iyan-iyar

küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v;

gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; naiman luus-ud qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui

38v; ekiner-ün ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar

küriyelegül¯ü . . . èi(ulumui 38v; naiman ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur

èi(ulumui 38v; ya(šas-un ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v;

erlig-üd-iyer küriyelegül¯ü edür düli-eèe söni kürtel-e èi(ulumui 38v.

kürte- to touch; to fall ill: qonin kürteküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v ebedèin kürtebesü; 40r, 42v; luus-un qad-un ebedèin kürteyü 34v; ada-du kürteyü 50r.

luu-yin qutu( dragon’s bliss; this likely refers to the Chinese asterism tianfu/t’ien-fu

(Mathews 6359, 1978) “celestial bliss” comprising two stars, perhaps 3 Scorpii and 8 Librae;

the association with the dragon lies in that it is located in the palace of the Blue Dragon of

Spring: luu-yin qutu( mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Luuq-a odun [S. Râhu; Tib. gza’chen; Ch. Luohou (Mathews 4099, 2142; Soothill and

Hodous, 472a)]; the Luuq-a star; the eighth day of the week; Râhu, after Chinese

transcription, Luo hou; in Hindu astronomy Râhu is the ascending node, where the moon

moves to the north of the sun’s path; its complement, Ketu, is the descending node where the

moon moves to the south; the nodes complete one revolution in just over 18½ years; in Hindu

mythology Râhu is a demon who devours the sun or moon at eclipses; in Hindu astrology,

Râhu and Ketu are added to the seven bodies of the week, making the week nine days long;

by the 8th century A.D. Râhu and Ketu were names of the nodes in China (luohou and jizi

[Stone 1981: 25-36]); cf. also Burgess 1859: 194; Mostaert MMAD, 32, n. 87; ODT, 94;

Cornu 1997: 144; Indian Râhu and Ketu have an antecedent in Babylonian Tiamat, the

dragon, that stretched across the heavens, her head and her tail on the equator at opposite ends

of a diameter (Tester, 1987: 121): Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar kei bui 45v.

luus-un qad [S. Nagesvara raja; Tib. kLu dban gi rgyal po]; dragon kings; the minions of

the King of the Dragons or Nâgas; (cf. Waddell 1978: 345, n. 1; ODT, 32); for lists of

individual dragon kings, see RRS, 662-663; see also Doré, v. 5, 682; arban tabun-a luus-un

qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r; luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r;

Saran odun kemebesü door-a luus-un qad-un gara( büküi 22r; luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü

22r; okin töröbesü erketen-dür uèaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i

¯asabasu 30r; luus-un qad-un ebedèin kürteyü 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada adalamui

34v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud qad-iyar

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; luus-un qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i

takibasu 39v; luus-un qad-un qariqui edür 39v; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r.

Mahašuvari Maheúvara; his consort is Mahâmâyâ; he is trampled by Trailokyavijaya; cf.

Bhattachartya, 1924: 121, 147; Clark, Two Lamaistic Pantheons, 5A17; Mahašuvari tngri

kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-ud> terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü qamu( amitan-u

nasun to(olan tengse¯ü èi(ulqui-dur inu 38r; Mahašuvari terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

èinggeldümüi 38v.

mang(us monsters; fabulous, usually many-headed monster, a kind of ogre (Lessing, 527);

tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigüten 38v; tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud 38v.

Manjušari Mañjuúri, the Bodhisattva who holds the Book of Wisdom and wields the

Sword of Knowledge, is the patron of mathematics or astrology; see Waddell 1978: 355-356;

Cornu 1997: 39. Manjušari 1v, 1v, 2v; degedü medekü-yin nigülesküi usun bari(èid-aèa

sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad degedü amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(èid blam-a

Manjušari-dur mörgümüi 1v; burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g inü 2r; Manjušari-yin

Kitad-un oron buyu 2r; Enedk[e]g-eèe orèi(ulu(san Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris 2r; odun-

lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür Manjušari bodisü[n]g törögsen bolai 2v.

Maqagala/Mahagala [S. Mahâkâla, "The Great Black One]; (cf. ODT, 38-67); Maqagala-

yin ba(uqu edürün belge inu tong(ori( bui 20r; Maqagala ba(uqu edür 46v; ede edüd

Mahagala kiged rduvrma duvngli kibesü sayin 47r.

Maq-a mayai Mahâmâya, "The Great Creative Illusion”; a fierce tantric deity. Cf. Lopez

(Tibet), 179; Beyer, 41-42; Maq-a mayai 1v.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

maši ¯okilan obo( the eminently accommodating clan: Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad

Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

maši tübšin obo( the eminently just clan: Mig Burvasad Burvabadaribad Barani eden

maši tübšin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

miqaèi ¯a(an the carnivorous elephant: miqaèi ¯a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v; miqaèi

¯a(an Jayitari buyu 34r; miqaèi ¯a(an odun 59r.

miqaèi èögebüri the carnivorous jackal: miqaèi èögebüri-yin odun 59r.

modun erlig wooden erlig; Erlig is the king of the underworld, but as Bawden says "the

term is also used to designate his minions: here it may be equivalent to Tib. gshin-rje, a class

of death-bringing demons for which see Oracles and Demons, p. 82" (SE I, 238, n. 70);

modun erlig 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

modun gokimoi wooden gokimoi (48r); see Heissig and Bawden, 1971: 170. 172.

na(adum/na(addun/na(adun game; festival: taèiyang(ui yeke na(adum èinggeldüküi

28v; na(adun èinggeldün ¯ir(abasu 31r; na(addun na(adbasu 35r; na(addun èinggeküi 46r;

Mahašuvari terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar èinggeldümüi 38v.

naiman ayima( [Tib. sde-brgyad]; the eight classes; supernatural beings, spirits. There are

diverse classifications. Cf. Waddell 1978: 366-367 for one group of "eight classes" of which

some members are listed in the manual. The basic reference, however, is to the class of

demons known in Tibetan as the yul lha "country gods." Cf. Waddell 1978: 369-370; ODT,

4, 254-256; and TEDP, passim.; Cornu 1997: 247-252; naiman ayima( terigüten-ü èi(ulqui

qariqui 2v; naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adusun bui 20r;

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r; naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu

temeèildübesü 35r; naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an inu yerü dörben ekin sarayin (urban isün-

e èi(ulumui 38r; Mahašuvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigüten-

iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r; tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigüten bügede Sümber a(ula-yin

orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u Mahašuvari terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

èinggeldümüi 38v; isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud

küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; kögeler sara büküli èi(ulqui bögetele

qorin isün-e söni düli tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bügüde ba yeke èi(ul(an buyu

38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud qariqui inu 39r.

naiman luus-ud qad the eight dragon kings: naiman luus-ud qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui 38v.

naiman öber-ün odun the personal nakshatra: naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü Ardar

Burnavasu qoyar Qasta Jayitar qoyar. Anurad Tanisa qoyar. Sadabis Burvabadaribad qoyar

bui 60v.

nomo(adqa- to pacify, subdue, e.g., an enemy; demons: dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r;

èidker-nu(ud-i nomo(odqabasu 23r; èidköd-yi nomo(odqabasu 34v, 35v; qarši-yi

nomo(odqabasu 28r; erketen-i nomo(odqabasu 28r; engküri-yi nomo(odqabasu 25r; üküger-i

nomo(adqabasu 46v; ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r; nomo(odqaqui üile 31v.

nököèi- to become intimate; to become possessed by a demon (Lessing 593): egün-lüge

[n]ököèibesü 42v.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Okin tngri [Tib. Lha-mo]; girl god; given in the manual as okin tngri for ökin tngri; cf.

RRS, 430-432; Waddell 1978: 334, 364; ODT, 23; Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala

bui 20r; (uèin qoyar okin tngri ba 32v; Okin tngri ba(uqu edür 47r.

ong(od [pl. of ong(on]; spirit inhabiting a material object, genie, guardian spirit, tutelary

deity; spirit of a deceased person, ghost; pure, holy, sacred consecrated; tomb of a saint or an

imminent person, family tomb; shamanist ancestral idol; naturally white hair (Lessing, 614);

cf. also SE II, pp. 168-173; ong(od-i takibasu 35v; tngri ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v,

36v, 37r, 48r; burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v.

öèügüked-ün eliy-e the demons of the little ones: öèügüked-ün eliy-e darubasu 27r, 28v,

30v, 30v, 31v.

öèüken qara edür [Tib. nyi ma nag chung ba]; a slightly black day; this is to be contrasted

with the yeke qara edür; (see TEDP, 123, 133): öèüken qara edürün belge nigen qara dusul

bui 20v.

öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar the eight fortunate nakshatra: qorin naiman

na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui. dorona Margasar Bus qoyar

emüne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar. örön-e Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar. umara

Udaribadaribad kiged Ašivani qoyar 60v.

qalqalaqu amitan protective animal: qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai 59v.

qangpan qongpan – Queen Qangpan (TEDP, 122); qangpan qongpan 53r.

qara èa( [black hour, i.e., a dark hour when demons roam; (cf. TEDP, 123-135); ¯il kiged

sar-a edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qara edür black day, i.e., a bad day when demons roam; noted as well is the especially black

day (yeke qara edür); (cf. TEDP 123-135); yeke qara edür 20v, 41v, 41v; ¯il kiged sar-a edür

èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; ¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un

qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r; ügeyiregülügèi qara edür 41v; öšiyerkü qara edür 53r.

qara ¯il black year, i.e., a bad year when demons roam; (cf. TEDP, 123-135); ¯il kiged sar-a

edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r.

qar-a mör the black path (52v).

qara qarèa(ai black hawk: (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai 39v.

qara sara 1. black moon (a symbol); doro(ši qandu(san qara sara 20v; 2. black month,

i.e., a bad year when demons roam; (cf. TEDP, 123-135); qara saras 41r, 41r; ¯il kiged sar-a

edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r; qara sarayin ¯asal 50v.

qara šimu black šimnus demons (42v).

qara šingpüng black Zinpung demons: qara šingpüng-ün yabudal 42r; qara šingpüng

güiküi 42r; qara šingpüng-yin [=šingpüng-ün] belge inu qara zi üsüg bui 42v.

qara yasutu meneki the black-shelled turtle; refers to the Black Tortoise of winter, which,

together with the Blue Dragon of spring (köke luu), the White Tiger of autumn (èa(an baras),

and the Red Bird of summer (ula(an ša¯a(ai), make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf.

Stall's Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 113-119):

qara yasutu meneki mör [(arbasu] ma(u 49r.

qarši 1. obstacle, hindrance, barrier; misfortune, evil; hostile; contrary, opposed, anti-

(Lessing, 940); (ai qarši 47v; Baras ¯ilün qarši beèin ¯üg qadqu 50v; qarši 50v; borbin-dur

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

okin-da(an qarši 52v; üsün kir(abasu nidün-dür qarši 57v; qarši-yi nomo(odqabasu 28r; 2.

palace hall; palace [Ch. tian]; ordo qarši ¯asabasu 21v.

qata(uu do(šin obo( the severe and fearsome clan: Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden

dörben odun qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

qo(osun qumq-a empty pitcher; Charles Bawden defines qo(osun qumq-a as, "a device

for categorizing directions which are taboo for certain purposes at certain times" (SE II,164-

165). Bawden and Heissig's catalogue of the Copenhagen collection describes qo(osun

qumq-a this way:

A diagram with four vases disposed around a central yin-yang figure; around
each vase are three of the twelve animal-cycle names. Explanations follow.
. . . Top headings are the twelve animal-cycle names. Side headings are forty-
two names of days and other occurrences. Within the table are given numbers,
names from the animal-cycle, colours, directions, etc. etc. In the following
folios the various occurrences are elucidated. (Heissig and Bawden, 1971:
173, Mong. 375)

Cf. also Waddell 1978: 458. As is clear from this description the term refers to a celestial

influence of some kind. It likely refers to an occult form or doppelgänger (qo(osun) of

Aquarius the Pitcher (qumq-a); cf. also ger-ün qo(osun. Perhaps, however, the reference is

to Ch. tianchi/t’ien-ch’i (Mathews 6361, 549), which is another name for the 18th Chinese

asterims, mao, the Pleiades (Schlegel 1967: 353): qo(osun qumq-a 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r,

14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; qo(osun qumq-a anu Baras sara örön-e Taulai qoyin-a. Luu

¯egünde. Mo(ai emün-e. Morin örön-e. Qoni qoyin-a. Beèin ¯egü[n]de. Takiy-a emün-e.

Noqai örön-e 'aqai qoyin-a. Qulu(an-a ¯egünde. Üker sara emün-e ¯üg amui 58v.

qoor ada demons of harm: qoor ada bolqu 56r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qubil(an transformation; metamorphosis; a Buddha incarnate living god: amitan-u itegel

burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g 26; yeke rid'i qubil(an ü¯egülügsen buyan-tu sara

bolai 8r; baling do(šin inu gara(-un qubil(an-u tulada 39v.

Radn-a dagini [S. ratna “jewel”; S. dâkinî]; Ratna dâkinî; on of the the five dâkinî (tabun

dagini [49v]).

ra(šas/ra(šis/ra(èis [S. râksasa; Tib. srin po]; ogres; demons associated with the Yeaks,

a Dravidian people from the south of India. Cf. Hackin, pp. 214-215. Cf. also ODT, p. 14,

passim.; ra(šas-un sünesün na(šidar bui 25v; Burvabalguni na(šidar kemebesü ra(èis-un

qo(olai metü na(šidar 27v; tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un o(talda(san na(šidar 28v.

Raqula [S. Râhula]; Râhula is another term for Râhu, the moon's ascending node, a

mythological planet, the monster in the heavens, which by the ancient Hindus and others was

believed to occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by attempting to devour them; for a

detailed description of attributes, etc., cf. ODT, 259-263; Waddell 1978: 377; Sümber a(ula-

yin orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u Mahašuvari terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

èinggeldümüi 38v.

saki(ulsun [S. pâla; Tib. srung ma]; protection; protector, genius protector, a class of

deities: amin(-u) saki(ulsun 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; amin saki(ulsun

doron-a emün-e 8r; amin-u saki(ulsun doron-a 9r; amin saki(ulsun üiled- 34r, 46r; amin

saki(ulsun üile üiledbesü 35v; amin-u saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r, 36v, 36v; amin(-u) ¯oli(

saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; saki(ulsun üiledbesü 23r, 26v, 28r, 29r; ebedèin-ü

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kümün saki(ulsun üiledbesü 28v; saki(ulsun biy-e-dür-iyen bišil(abasu 31r; öber-ün

saki(ulsun-iyan keèiye 43r.

sang quriyang(ui treasure collection; perhaps this refers to the Chinese constellation

gulou/ku-lou (Mathews 3496, 4143), “the treasury,” comprising ten stars in the lower center

of Virgo (Schlegel 1967: 1967: 136): sangquriyang(ui mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

sarayin (al fire of the moon; perhaps this is associated with what is given in the Indian

Sûrya Siddhânta as "malignant aspects of the sun and moon" (Burgess, 379-383); these

malignant aspects are said to result in "consuming fire" and at these moments the time is

"forbidden for all works. This, then, seems to be the context as well for ülü sedükü, which

follows tngri-yin (al. Sara-yin (al, which begins to occur in these lists of influences in the

following month, is also associated with “consuming fire.” For more direct references of

these terms to the context given here I have only been able to find a relevant term for sara-yin

(al, which is given in Cornu as "Fiery lunar days" (p. 212); sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r,

14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

sarayin qo(osun the empty days of the month (40r).

sön-e ?: amatu sön-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r; yeke amatu sön-e-dür morin buu dobtul

33v.

suu ¯ali spirit protector; genius: su¯ali-yu(an taki¯u 21v; suu ¯ali-yu(an taki- 22r, 23v, 24r,

24v, 25v, 28v.

süèing ?; a celestial palace: süèing kemekü edür mör (arbasu dumda 49v.

1133
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

süng [Ch. song/sung (Mathews 5565); an asterism comprising one star; it represents the

state of Sung, situated to the east of the modern province of Hunan; Schlegel gives it as 0

Serpens (Schlegel 1967: 537); Staal gives it as 0 Ophiuchi (Staal 1984: 135); (cf. also TU,

899): süng kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49v.

sünesü(n) the animating principle; spirit; soul: ra(šas-un sünesün na(šidar bui 25v;

ariyatan-u sünesün na(šidar 27v; emegen-ü sünesün na(šidar 31v; üküger-ün sünesün

tülebesü 35v; (a¯ar-un sünesü 58v, 58v.

šabšu ?: šabšu kiged-ün ¯üg buu yabu 53r.

šimnus/šim[n]us/šilmus/šimu [S. Mâra; Tib. Bdud;] demon, demons; in Buddhism the

šimnus demons are associated with The Evil One, The Tempter; originally the term comes to

the Mongols through Uigur šmnu from Sogdian (Christian) šmnû, meaning "demon, evil

spirit" (Lessing, 710, 1183); Pozdneyev describes them as follows: simnus, or silmu(s), T.

bdud, from S. úama, tranquility, and nâúa, destruction. These are spirits which entangle one

in a web of passion and try to involve them in sins to shake their faith. They are instigators

of sensual enjoyment, rulers of the samsara, adversaries of nirvana. There are four kinds:

those of heaven which instigate lasciviousness; those of the body which bring ignorance;

those of the spirit which cause anger; and those of the king of death which promote avarice

(RRS, 645); burqan šim[n]us kiged ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r; šim[n]us-i ila(u(san

edürün belge inu qara nara bui 20r; šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-

a 20r; tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; ber'i ba(ul(abasu üdebesü

šimnus-un qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui 27v; šim[n]us bütügebesü 28r; Èista na(šidar

1134
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kemebesü šim[n]us-un na(šidar bui 29v; (a¯ar ködelbesü tngri šim[n]us èögen bolumui 32r;

dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; qamu(-i ügeyiregülügèi qara šimu

kememü 42v; tngri šilmus (adqulduqui edür kemebesü 43r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-

iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui 45r; šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür 45r; beri-

yin dörben šilmus kemebesü dayiwang tayiqu šitügen eke. lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i

keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52r; usun-dur alda(san šimnus-un odun 59r; görögeèin šimnus-

un odun 59r.

šingpüng/šingbüng [Tib. Zin p'ung]; a kind of genius loci (cf. Waddell 458); šingpüng

güikü edür 20v, 53v; qara šingpüng güiküi anu 42r; qara šingpüng-ün yabudal kemebesü 42r;

qara šingpüng-yin belge inu qara zi üsüg bui 42v.

šitügen-ü eke/šitügen eke mother of the sitügen (8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r, 52r, 53r); perhaps this refers to Târâ, who is described as “a mother . . . on

whom her devotees can rely for help” (Beyer 1973: 55); cf. also Waddell 1978: 434-437. The

term eke-yin šitügen is commonly found in the Kâlacakra and other sources (KOT 56).

tabun dakini the five dâkinî (49v); these are: 1. Bajar dagini = Vajra (thunderbolt) dâkinî;

2. Radn-a dagini = Ratna (jewel) dâkinî; 3. Badm-a dagini = Padma (lotus) dâkinî; 4. Garm-a

dagini = Karma (action) dâkinî; and 5. Buda dagini = Buddha (wisdom) dâkinî; cf. Beyer, 45;

ODT, 44, 53; Loewe and Blacker, eds., 1981, 23.

tabun gara( the five planets, i.e., Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. The reference

in the text might be to sections of the Kâlacakra sources which treat the five planets. An

1135
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

example of this would be Kâlacakratantra I,40-I,49(1), which describes "the movement of

the five planets", cf. Schuh, 25; tabun gara( 2r.

tabun qalqala(èi five protectors, talismans: 1. the quill feather of a raven (qong keriy-e-ü

[=yin] soddu); 2. the shell of a turtle (yasutu menekei-yin kürmeli); 3. the spine of a porcupine

(so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün); 4. the horn of an antelope (orong(u-yin eber); 5. the tusk of a wild

boar (bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a): tabun qalqala(èi ede kemebesü. qong keriy-e-ü [=yin]

soddu. yasutu menekei-yin kürmeli. so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün. orong(u-yin eber. bodong (aqay-

yin soyo(-a. ede tabun bui 60r.

taši(ura- to indulge: taši(ura(san-u tulada ene sarada qariqu ügei bögetel-e ¯ir(u(an

šinede öèüken èi(ulumui 38v.

tayisui [Ch. taisui/t’ai-sui (Mathews 6020.a 22)]; Jupiter; the "Great Year" star in Chinese

astrology; yin counterpart to the planet Jupiter; a star god that presides over the year; cf.

Smith, Chinese Astrology (1992): 6, 11; compare the Hindu god, Indra; tayisui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r,

12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ¯il-ün tayisui 55v.

teryinar heretics; the six heretics of India had to be overcome by Buddha Shakyamuni; (see

RRS, 371): ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r.

tngri [S. deva/sura; Tib. lha]; 1. heaven; 2. god/gods: Manjušari tngri 1v; tngri (a¯ar-un

qorin dörben a(ur èa( 6r; tngri (a¯ar-yi taki(basu) 32v, 35r; tngri (a¯ar-un on sara edür èa(

möèe 55r; yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ¯obalang(-un) tngri

yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür

56v; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edür(-ün belge) 20r, 47r; (uèin qoyar okin tngri

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

32v; tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge 20v; tngri šim[n]us èöken bolumui 32r; tngri šilmus

(adqulduqui edür 43r; tngri kümün èidköd (urba(ula èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar 26r; tngri

ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; Mahašuvari tngri 38r; tngri mang(us naiman

aima(-ud terigüten 38v; tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bügüde ba yeke èi(ul(an

buyu 38v; ed-ün tngri takiqui 45v; burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r; burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu

38r; burqan tngri buu taki ma(u bui 48r; burqan tngri-eèe ba(u(san buyan-du sayin èa( 16r;

tngri-ner (aši(udaqu edür 48r; qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayišiyamu 60v; tngri-nerün

nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a saèu(uu 5v; tngri-nerün gara( 21v; tngri-ner-ün na(šidar 27v, 30v;

tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü 30v; egüdügsen isün tngri-i uribasu 28v; bi tngri-yi kelbeyilgen

èidamui 32v; tngri-yi takibasu 36v; tngri-yin (al 8r, 9r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; tngri-

yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r; tngri-yin noqai 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55v; tngri-yin qara noqai

ba(umu 55r; tngri-yin dalal(-a dalalabasu 25v; tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un o(talda(san

na(šidar 28v; tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun 32v; tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v;

tngri-yin egüüde 33r, 33r; tngri-yin èi(ta(-a 33v, 34r; tngri-yin vim-a 39v; tngri-yin mör

kemekü edür 49r; tngri-yin egüde(n) 49r, 49v; tngri-yin egüden odun 59r; tngri-yin qoriyan

49r; tngri-yin erdeni 49r; tngri-yin qula(ai 49r; tngri-yin ordo 49r; tngri-yin ayul 49r; tngri-yin

sang 49r, 49v; aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün 49v; tngri-yin

següder 49v; tngri-yin qo(olai 49v; tngri-yin šijim odun 59r.

tngri (a¯ar heaven and earth: tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben a(ur èa( 6r; tngri (a¯ar-yi

taki(basu) 32v, 35r; tngri (a¯ar-un on sara edür èa( möèe 55r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tngri šimnus gods and demons: tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge 20v; tngri šim[n]us

èöken bolumui 32r; tngri šilmus (adqulduqui edür 43r.

tngri-yin ayul heavenly danger: tngri-yin ayul-dur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin èi(ta(-a the celestial rope; this asterism is Èista (S. Jyesthâ), comprising three

stars that form an almost straight line (Burgess 1859: 337): 33v, 34r.

tngri-yin egüde(n)/egüüde [Tib. gnam-sgo; Ch. tianmen/t’ien-men]; the heavenly gate,

i.e., the vernal equinox; a constellation comprising two stars in Virgo; it marks the arrival of

the vernal equinox (Schlegel 1967: 488); according to the Vaidûrya dKar-po, it is through the

heavenly gate that people are exposed to avalanches, lightning bolts, stroke and epilepsy;

these calamities are remedied by ritual thread crosses; the term also refers to the smoke-hole

of a Mongolian tent (TEDP, 86, note 92; ODT, 369-397; Doré, v. 6, 1966: 36; Ho, 1966: 91;

Camman 1963: 20; Sárközi 1989: 320): 33r, 33r, 49v; tngri-yin egüden-dür mör (arbasu sayin

49r; tngri-yin egüden odun 59r.

tngri-yin erdeni [Ch. tian bao/t’ien pao]; the heavenly jewel (Doré, v. 6, p. 11): tngri-yin

erdeni-dür mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin (al fire of heaven; in Chinese sources the celestial fire is Antares, also known as

anti-Ares, peer of Mars (Schafer 1977: 117); tngri-yin (al 8r, 9r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r; tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r.

tngri-yin mör [tianjie/t’ian-chieh]; the heavenly way; perhaps the first star of the Northern

Dipper (Allred, 2002: 65); perhaps an asterism comprising two stars between the Pleiades and

1138
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Hyades; this asterism is said to guard barriers, passes and the frontier of the empire (Schlegel

1967: 372-373): tngri-yin mör kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin noqai [Ch. tiangou/t’ien-gou; Tib. gnam-khyi]; the dog of heaven; a demonic star

spirit; it is used synonymously with tngri-yin qara noqai (the black dog of heaven [55r, 55v]);

in the manual, a section given to the descent of the “black dog of heaven” describes seven

parts of the dog’s body, the left and right ribs, head, mouth, spine, tail and belly (55r); this

refers to the Chinese constellation tiangou/t’ien-kou, comprising seven stars, including ( and

h of Canis Major (Schlegel 1967: 433-434; cf. also Tngri-yin udq-a, 1990: 916; Staal, 152-

153); the constellation is thus related to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout

Eurasia; it likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the dog or jackal (see under

èögebüri [Allen, 1963: 120-134]); its demonology is extensive (cf. TEDP, 212; ODT, 295-

296; Doré, v. 1, 1966: 27, 60): Tngri-yin noqai 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55v.

tngri-yin okin the daughter of heaven: tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun 32v.

tngri-yin ordo the heavenly palace: tngri-yin ordo-dur mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin qara noqai [Tib. gnam khyi nag po]; the black dog of heaven; a demonic star

spirit; it is used synonymously with tngri-yin noqai (the dog of heaven [55r, 55v]); in the

manual, a section given to the descent of the “black dog of heaven” describes seven parts of

the dog’s body, the left and right ribs, head, mouth, spine, tail and belly (55r); this refers to

the Chinese constellation tiangou/t’ien-kou, comprising seven stars, including ( and h of

Canis Major (Schlegel 1967: 433-434; cf. also Tngri-yin udq-a, 1990: 916; Staal, 152-153);

the constellation is thus related to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout Eurasia; it

1139
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the dog or jackal (see under èögebüri [Allen,

1963: 120-134]); its demonology is extensive (cf. TEDP, 212; ODT, 295-296; Doré, v. 1,

1966: 27, 60): Tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r.

tngri-yin qo(olai the throat of heaven (49v).

tngri-yin qoriyan [Ch. Tianjiu/t’ien-chiu (Mathews 6361, 1201)]; the heavenly corral; an

asterism composed of ten stars in the form of a circle to the north of the 14th Chinese asterism

bi/pi, Mongolian Udaribadaribad; the culmination of this asterism at the end of winter

indicated the time of the year when horses foal and various related rituals (Schlegel 1967:

309-315; Staal 1984: 98-99; TU, 1991: 910): tngri-yin qoriyan-dur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin qula(ai the heavenly thief: tngri-yin qula(ai-tur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin sang heavenly treasure; a constellation comprising six stars under Ašuvani [= 16th

Chinese lunar mansion, lou] (Tngri-yin udq-a, 1991: 912): tngri-yin sang-dur mör (arbasu

sayin 49r.

tngri-yin següder the shadow of heaven (49v).

todqor [Tib. bgegs (SE I, 246)]; demon, evil spirit, obstacle, obstruction, impediment; evil,

calamity (Lessing, 813); ada todqor èi(ul'qu-yin na(šidar 29r; qulu(an-a qa¯abasu ada todqor

bolqu 57r; üsün kir(abasu ada todqor bolqu 57r; keriy-e kegübesü tariyan tömösün èuqa(

bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r; ger-eèe [x] ada todqor bolqu 58r.

udusq-a that which sets in motion (cf. DO, 723a; MMAD, 14, note 28): erlig-üd-ün udusq-

a 28v; ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui üiles ügegüü duta(uu bol(a(èi (odun) 33v, 33v.

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ula(an ša¯a(ai [Ch. Zhuque/ Chu-ch’üeh “red bird” (Mathews 1346.17)]; red magpie;

refers to the Red Bird of summer, which together with the Blue Dragon (köke luu), the White

Tiger (èa(a(an bars) and the Black Tortoise (qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese

sky animals (cf. Stall's Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker

1997: 113-119); ula(an ša¯a(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ula(an

ša¯a(ai kemekü ma(u edür 48r; ula(an ša¯a(ai mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

Uma the goddess Durga, the wife of Siva. Cf. Mostaert MMAD, 17, n. 39. Uma is given

in Clark, Two Lamaistic Pantheons, V. I and II, 5B 36, p. 177; cf. also ODT, 45. Jagarvar-un

qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun 32v.

urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo( the vacillating restless clan: Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis

Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v.

usun-u e¯in lords of the water; cf. RRS, 522; (a¯ar usun-u e¯id 2v, 39v.

üker-ün üsün the hair of the ox; a celestial palace; a star spirit; perhaps this refers to the

Chinese asterism niu, the ox, the constellation marking the winter solstice (Schlegel 1967:

492): üker-ün üsün mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

ükügür-ün èidköd the demons of a corpse; cf. Mostaert DO, 548b and MMAD, 35, n. 92;

üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu 48v.

ükülün e¯en [S. Yama; Tib. gshin rje]; the lord of death; Erlig, Tib. gshin rje, for Yama,

ruler of the underworld, is also known as ükülün ejin "Lord of Death"; see ODT, 82; ükülün

e¯en 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

ülde- to expel; exorcize an evil spirit: eliy-e üldebesü 27r.

1141
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ülü sedükü non-devising; perhaps this is associated with what is given in the Indian Sûrya

Siddhânta as "malignant aspects of the sun and moon" (Burgess, 379-383); these malignant

aspects are said to result in "consuming fire" and at these moments the time is "forbidden for

all works. This, then, seems to be the context as well for ülü sedükü, which follows tngri-yin

(al. Sara-yin (al, which begins to occur in these lists of influences in the following month,

is also associated with “consuming fire.” For more direct references of these terms to the

context given here I have only been able to find a relevant term for sara-yin (al, which is

given in Cornu as "Fiery lunar days" (p. 212); ülü sedükü 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r,

16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 47v.

Vima Vima is perhaps a truncated form of Vimala (MW, 979). In the manual there appears

to be two forms of Vima, one female, Queen Vima, daughter of heaven, known by the

nakshatra, Hasta, and another male, the supreme lord known as Celestial Vima (tngri-yin

Vim-a [39v]); the apparent Mongolian translation of Vima is found in an interrogative section

of the the Naran-u jirüken neretü sudur (Heart of the sun sutra; Skt. Sûryagarbhasûtra), a

source cited by the manual, in the form tngri-yin ökin (Kanjur, vol. 82, p. 532; see also

Bawden, "Astrologie und Divination bei den Mongolen," p. 327): bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a

neretü qatun buyu 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a

neretü qoyar odun bui 32v; Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v; Vim-a neretü qatun

Qasta buyu 34r; tngri-yin Vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü qoyar-

aèa törögsen köbegün inu (a¯arun e¯in qa(an kemegdeyü 39v.

1142
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

vimading ? a celestial palace and star spirit: vimading kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin

49v.

ya(šas/yaa(š-a [Tib. gnod sbyin; Skt. yaksha; Mong. qoor öggügèi]; a class of demigods,

guardians of riches attendants of the god of wealth (Bisman-Kubera), sometimes described

as evil (Lessing, 1172); cf. also RRS, 663; Waddell 1978: 84; Cornu 1997: 252; ODT, 32;

Usun odun kemebesü yaa(š-a-un [=yaa(š-a-yin] qa(an-u gara( büküy-yin tula. usun èinar

bui 22v; ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v, 38v.

yeke qara edür [Tib. nyi-ma nag-chen]; the great black day; this is an especially bad day

when various demons, Râhula in particular, run; (cf. TEDP 133): 41v, 41v;yeke qara edürün

belge 20v.

yeke tngri great god; a Mongolian deity absorbed into Buddhism (cf. Waddell 1978: 372,

n. 2); yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

RITUAL AND BUDDHIST LAW

abidarm-a [S. abhidharma; Tib. chos mngon]; name of the third section of the Buddhist

basic scriptures, constituting a systematization of the Buddhist scriptures; Mong. ayima( saba

(Lessing, 1159); degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal the tenets of the supreme Abhidharma (2v).

abišig [S. abhisheka; T. dbang, dbang bskur]; consecration, initiation, ordination; for these

rites, see RRS, 578-585; arbun tabun-a Èa(-un kürdün-ü abišig talbi(san sayin èa( bui 10r;

abišig ab- 11r, 13r, 21v, 28v, 43v, 46v, 56v, 56v; abašig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v;

1143
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

abašig abqu edürün sayin 56v; abašig abqu sayin edür 56v; takil ba abišig talbibasu 28r; abišig

kiged qutu( oroši(ulqu üiles 38r.

abqui [S. upâdâna; Tib. len pa]; seizing, clinging; the 9th phase of the links of dependent

origination (šitün barildaqui), in the calendar united with the dog of the twelve animals: noqai

abqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

adis [shortened from S. adhishthâna, see adistid] n. blessing, benediction, consecration; cf.

RRS, 265; dörben terigün odun-dur adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v.

adis daru(ul- to repeat a blessing; see MMAD, 65, note 132; DO, 124b, 406b (under jusu);

dörben terigün odun-dur adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v.

adistid [S. adhishthâna, Tib. byin gyis brlabs pa] n. blessing, benediction, consecration;

Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v; Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r.

amidu üile amidu ba ükügsen qoyar-un üile-dür sayin 29v.

amin(-u) saki(ulsun life protection; a ritual for the protection of life (Beyer, p. 55).

amin(-u) ¯oli( saki(ulsun ransom protection of life; a ritual in which figurines usually

made of dough are used to rid one of evil spirits causing illness (Lessing, 1070); amin ¯oli(

saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36v, 36v, 37r.

amila- to enliven or animate something, i.e., by performing certain rites (Lessing 1070);

burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v.

ari(un [S. çuddha, viçuddhi; Tib. dag pa]; pure, clean, holy (Lessing, 1161): ari(un takin-a

1v; ari(un gegen-e ¯iruqai 2v; öèügüken ari(un köbegün 24r; ari(un sayin köbegün 54v.

1144
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

aril(a- [S. viçodhaya-; Tib. sbyong ba]; to cleanse, purify; to dematerialize (by reciting tarni

[Lessing, 1161]): yirtinèü-tekin-ü ¯obalang-i aril(a¯u 2v; dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v.

arilu(sad those who are purified: (anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar arilu(sad 1v.

arilu(san [S. viçuddha; Tib. dag pa]; clean, pure (Lessing, 1161): teyin böged arilu(san-u

to(-a 2r.

arvis [Uy. arvis]; magical formula; (cf. Drevnetyurkskii slovar’, 58); arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

baèa( [S. upavâsatha; Tib. bsnyen gnas; Mong. maèa(]; fast, fasting, abstinence, vow of

fasting; baèa( ab-, to take the vows or receive the consecration of a monk (gelüng), which

involves the practice of fasting and abstinence; to fast; baèa(-un sangvar, vow of abstinence

(also taken by laymen [Lessing, 64]); for fasting rites, see RRS, 574-578; baèa( abubasu 30r;

baèa( sangvar abubasu 43v, 61r.

bišil(a- to meditate: bišil(abasu 11r; burqan-i bišil(abasu 26v; saki(ulsun biy-e-dür-iyen

bišil(abasu 31r.

blama [S. guru; Tib. bla ma]; lama; a teacher of the root tantra: blam-a Manjušari 1v.

bodgalis [S. pudgala; Tib. gang zag]; individual; person: ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud

tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san-i uqa(sad bodgalis-dur to(alaqui terigüten tu(urbil-dur kièiyeküi

busu bögetele 1v; (urban èa(-un uqa(-a edüi bodgalis-dur ina(uki terigüten šitün barildaqui

üiles keregtü 1v.

1145
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bodisüng [S. bodhisattva; Tib. byang chub sems dpa’]; a bodhisattva, saintly person

approaching perfect enlightenment and thus becoming a Buddha: burqan-u qubil(an

Manjušari bodisü[n]g inü 2r; Manjušari bodisü[n]g 2v; burqan bodisü[n]g-nar 1v.

bolqui becoming; the 10th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination (šitün

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the pig of the twelve animals: (aqai bolqui 8v,

8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v,

16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

boskil ?: boskil saèu¯u 24r.

bursang [Ch. foseng]; Buddhist priest or clergy: bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v;

bursang quvara( ülü to(taqu 47v.

buyan [S. punya]; merit; virtue: buyan kešig ebdere- 21v, 34r; buyan keš[i]g neme- 37v,

37v, 56r; buyan kešig ba(ura- 41r; buyan kešig delgerekü 46v; buyan kešig bolqu 50r; buyan

kešig bari(san beri 54r; buyan üiledbesü 21v, 21v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r, 25v, 26r, 29v, 30v, 31r,

32r, 32r, 34r, 35r; buyan ¯oli( ögbesü 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r; buyan ¯oli( üiledbesü 31v;

buyan qurim üiledbesü 31v; buyan tegüsümüi 30v; nom buyan üiledkü-dü sayin 60v; buyan-tu

8r, 13r, 16r, 45r, 45r, 60v, 61v; sayin buyan-u qur-a 1v; buyan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü 23r.

èabda(ur a sprinkler, made of wood used in religious ceremonies to make aspersions:

èabda(ur saèuli er<e>gübesü qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayišiyamu 60v.

èa(-un takil the offering of time (38v).

1146
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

èa(an ¯asal white treatment (39v, 45r); a white treatment is given as consisting of the

reciting of texts, while a motely treatment (ala( ¯asal) consists of the rituals of spells and

wearing charms (see SE II, 166-167).

èa(an üile white deeds, i.e., good deeds: tere ideši ereküi èa(tur èa(an üile qara bolumui

42v.

èi(ta(-a rope fixed at the center of the roof-ring of a tent; for its use in ritual, see Chabros,

1992: 18; a heavenly influence; tngri-yin èi(ta(-a-dur dalal(-a buu dalal 33v; örön-e doron-a

èi(ta(-a-dur ber'i buu ba(ul(-a 33v; tngri-yin èi(ta(-a Èista buyu 34r; örön-e doron-a-yin

èi(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r.

èoga [Tib. èo-ga]; the way or method of doing a thing, esp. used of magic performances

(Jäschke, 161); luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü 22r; ugiyaqui èoga üiledbesü 31r; èoga kibesü

32r; tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü 30v; èoga-yin üile 45v.

èoga-yin üile works of magical performance (45v).

dalal(-a a beckoning gesture inviting prosperity; a shamanistic-Buddhistic ceremony of

“inviting prosperity,” (Lessing, 224); see also Chabros: dalal(-a dalalbasu 22r, 24r, 25r, 25r,

25v, 26v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 45r; dalal(-a buu

dalal 33v; dalal(-a abubasu 29r.

dandris/dand’ris [S. tantra; Tib. rgyud; Mong. ündüsün]; tantra; see Lessing, 1191:

Manjušari-aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; burqan-u nomla(san

sudur dand’ris kiged ilang(uy-a Èa(-un kürdün 2r; Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris-dur

nomlar-un 2r; dand’ris-tur nomlar-un 37v.

1147
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

daru(ul- [caus. of daru-]; 1. to cause to suppress, e.g., a demon; 2. to repeat, e.g., a

blessing; see MMAD, 65, note 132; DO, 124b, 406b (under jusu): èidköd-<y>i buu daru(ul

34v; adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v; daru(ulqui-yin üiles 35v.

debisker [Tib. gding-ba]; a small rug; a variegated rug is the symbol of the day the gods

and demons battle; the square black rug is this symbol of the day the graha (planets) run in

search of food; cf. RRS, 452; tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; ala(

debeskir bui 43r; gara( ideši erikü edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v; dörbeljin qara

debesker ene bui 44r.

degedü higher; highest, supreme, noble, sublime, eminent: degedü medekü-yin nigülesküi

usun bari(èid 1v; degedü amu(ulang 38r; degedü amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(èid 1v;

degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal 3r; degedü merged-ün ta(alal 4r; degedü töröl 22r, 29r, 30r;

degedü Uma neretü (adasun 32v; degedü šidi olqu 38r; degedü qa(an 39v; degedü beri 52r.

diyan/dayan [S. dhyâna]; meditation, contemplation: diyan-u üile üiledbesü 31r; öber-ün

dayan-u küèün yeke bögesü ber em-e köbegün kiged. ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu

39r.

do(šid-un üile(s) rites of the fearsome ones (25r, 28r, 29r, 30v, 32r, 34v, 35v); these rites,

in their elaborate form, did not begin in Mongolia earlier than the 1870s; for a description of

the Mongolian do(šid services, see RRS, 417-443.

do(šin qariyal a fearsome curse: do(šin qariyal kikü 42v.

do(šin kereg a fearsome implement: do(šin kereg kibesü 45r.

do(šin üile(s) fearsome deeds, rites: 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 41v, 45r, 61v.

1148
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dorm-a/rdovarm-a/rdovarma/rdovrma/dovrm-a [Tib. gtor ma “strewing-oblation, an

offering brought to malignant demons, either as a kind of exorcism or as an appeasing gift,

in order to prevent their evil influence upon man,” (Jäschke, 210a)]; they are made of barley

flour and decorated with intricate designs (Beyer (1973): 24; dorm-a a(urbasu 23v, 27v;

dorm-a o(orbasu 29v, 31v; rdovarm-a a(urbasu 35v; dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu 41r;

rdovrma duvngli kibesü 47r; rdovarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r; yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu

55v.

dungli/duvngli [Tib. mdos]; a cross formed of two small sticks, the ends of which are

connected with colored strings, and used in various magic ceremonies (Jäschke, 274a); cf.

also SE II, 176-198): dungli (ar(abasu 22r; rdovarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r; dovrm-a duvngli

(ar(abasu 41r; rdovrma duvngli kibesü 47r.

Dülb-a the Vinaya section of the Kanjur; see RRS, 677; Dülb-a-yin yosu 3v.

ergü- to raise up; to offer: èabda(ur saèuli er<e>gübesü qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun

sayišiyamu 60v; ergüküi üiles 46r.

ergüküi üiles offeretory rites (46r).

erke [Tib. dbang]; power; mastery; see ED 474a; köbegün töröbesü erke 28r; kümün-i erke-

dür-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r; erkedür oro(ulqui keèiyeküi üiles 13r; yeke erketü široy-yin èinar

buyu 24r; erketü (a¯ar buu könde 34v; ed-ün ündüsün erke-yi bütügeküi 45v; erke-yin üiles

46r.

erke-dür(-iyen) oro(ul- [S. vaúiravana "striving to attain power"]; to bring (others) under

one’s sway; erke-dür-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r; erkedür oro(ulqui keèiyeküi üiles 13r.

1149
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

esüg ¯ula( an aspersion of fermented mare’s milk (see Mostaert, Dictionnaire ordos, 249):

suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu esü( [=esüg] ¯ula(-un negegemel edür 60v.

(adasun [Tib. mdung]; nail; lance; the term refers to a weapon, a ritual instrument, symbol

or attribute (cf. ODT, 15-16); and to stars; in ancient Greece Anaximenes draws a basic

distinction between the planets and the fixed stars; the stars are fastened “like nails” in the

“ice-like” vault of the sky (Burkert, 311); this concept is similarly held by the Mongols; thus,

the term does not merely refer to the north pole (altan (adasun), but to other stars as well; the

idea of the north pole as a nail is also widely held; the harmony of the spheres is a world

conception of three “domains” and seven or nine skies, one over the other, with corresponding

underworlds, and a “world pillar,” the axis mundi, running through the center of the whole

system, crowned by the “north Nail” or “world nail” (Polaris [De Santillana, 123]); doro(ši

qandu(san (adusun 20r, 39r; ögede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r, 39r; (adasun qari(ulbasu

23v; qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v; degedü Uma neretü (adasun 32v;

(adasun qadququi 38v.

(al mandal fire mandala: (al mandal tülebesü 10r, 61v.

(al-un takil the fire offering; see Mostaert, “A propos d’une prière au feu,” 1962: 191-223;

Bawden, Ch.,1963: 281-303; cf. also Atwood, 1996: 112-139: (al takil takibasu 21v, 31v,

35r; (al takibasu 35v, 36v, 37r; (al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v; (al-un takil üiledbesü

34v.

1150
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar the quality of a single-pointed mind; single-minded

concentration; the term refers to the desired outcome of yogic practice; cf. Lopez (India), 15;

Beyer, 1973, 71; Waddell 1978: 141: (anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar 1v.

(ool ¯irüken aorta; the small objects placed inside a buddha image to enliven it: burqan

ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v.

(uyil'(-a alms: busud-aèa (uyil'(-a abubasu 25r.

gešigün [yan lag]; limb; member; the reference here is to the various parts of ritual (cf.

Lessing, 1170): ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi gara( 2r.

¯ele-yin (adasun picket post, tethering post; to see this picket post and its use in ritual, cf.

Chabros, illus. 9; qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v.---

¯ir(u(an orod six senses; the 5th link in the cycle of dependent origination (šitün

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the horse of the twelve animals: morin ¯ir(u(an

orod 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

¯oli( ransom, rescue; figurines usually made of dough which are used in ritual for ridding

one of evil spirits causing illness; devil (curse [Lessing 1070]); for these rites, see RRS, 559-

561, 591-594; SE II, 168-169; buyan ¯oli( ögbesü 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r; buyan ¯oli(

üiledbesü 31v; ¯oli( qari(ulul buu üiled 34v; amin-u ¯oli( saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r; amin

¯oli( saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36v, 36v, 37r.

¯oli( qari(ulul a counter curse; ¯oli( qari(ulul buu üiled 34v.

1151
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

¯oliy-a ransom, price of deliverance (cf. ¯oli( [Lessing, 1070]); SE II, 168-169; ¯oliy-a mör

8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ¯oliy-a ögbesü 41r.

¯ula( ceremony for making aspersions of mare’s milk, held each year after the summer

solstice (Mostaert, Dictionnaire ordos, 217; see also Mostaert, “L’ouverture du sceau’ et les

adresses chez les Ordos,” MS 1: 335): suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu esü( ¯ula(-un negegemel edür

60v.

kengšigül the smell of burning or cooking food, i.e. an offering of the smell: buq-a-yin

ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü 50v.

kereg ¯asal a ritual implement; see Sárközi's definition, BTD,. 399, #5887; see also SE II,

177-178; kereg ¯asal üiledbesü 30v; kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü 35v; kereg ¯asal kibesü 44v.

kešig good luck; good fortune; grace, favor, blessing; turn: buyan kešig ebderekü 21v;

buyan kešig ebderegülügèi Burvasad buyu 34r; buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v, 56r; Ardar-dür

buyan keš[i]g sayitur nemeyü 37v; buyan kešig ba(uraqu 41r; buyan kešig delgerekü 46v;

buyan kešig bolqu 50r; buyan kešig bari(san beri 54r; Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni

qa(an-u gara( büküi 23r; mal adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa( mör (arbasu 25r; qurim dotor-a

kešig tasulqu na(šidar 28r; qurim-dur kešig tasulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; qurim-dur kešig

tasulu(èi Burvabalguni buyu 33v; ed bara(daqu kešig ba(uraqu edür 59v; Rôkini Burnavasu

Burvasad Sadabis keš[i]g-ün odun bui 60v.

kölge vehicle; here refers to the Greater Vehicle, Mahâyâna Buddhism: yeke kölge-yi

orèi(ulqu edür 34v.

küèütü üile üiledbesü if one performs powerful deeds (45r).

1152
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kü¯is incense; perfume; fragrance: qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v.

kürteküi touching; contact; the 6th link in the chain of dependent origination (šitün

barildaqui): qonin kürteküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

luus-un qad-un èoga the ceremony of the dragon kings; it is performed on a day in the

three summer or three fall months (RRS, 521); luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü 22r.

mandal [Tib. dkyil hkhor; Skt. mandala]; a disk (as the sun disk); (in Tantrism) mystic

wheels (as of the four elements) located in the four centers of the body," (Lessing, 1175); (al

mandal tüle- 10r, 39r, 61v; mandal ¯irubasu 23r; dayisun-i kesegeküi mandal egüdbesü 31v;

(urbal¯in mandal egüdbesü 31v; dandaris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroši(ulqu kemebesü

37v; mandal kibesü 42r.

medeküi conscience; the 3rd link in the stages of dependent origination (štün barildaqui);

in the calendar paired with the dragon of the twelve animals: luu medeküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

mungqa( ignorance; the first phase of the twelve links of dependent origination (šitün

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the tiger of the twelve animals: baras mungqa(

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v,

16v, [16v], 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; mungqa( bolu(ad bayan bolqu 26r;

köbegün töröbesü mungqa( büged usun-dur ükükü ¯aya(atu bui 31r; köbegün okin töröbesü

mungqa( ba qulu(ayièi bolumui 31v.

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namanèila- to put the palms of the hands together, especially for praying or greeting; to

pray, to bow; to repent, confess: namanèilabasu 25v.

ner-e öngge name and form; the 4th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination

(šitün barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the snake of the 12 animals: mo(ai ner-e

öngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

nigüles- to pity, be compassionate, merciful: degedü medekü-yin nigülesküi usun bari(èid-

aèa 1v; ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi 2r.

nom dharma; law; book: nom 4r; nom nomlabasu 23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v, 61r; nom buyan

üiledbesü 24r; nom ungšibasu 25v, 27v; nom bièebesü 26v, 35r, 36r, 36r, 46v; nom bièig

bièibesü 36v; nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui

37v; ¯arli( nom medekü bolumui 37v; nom ba yertinèü-deki aliba sayin üiles üiledbesü 44v;

Ayuši-yin nom ungšiqui 45v; nom kiged buyan kešig delgerekü 46v; nom buyan üiledkü 60v;

üküsed-ün nom-du 60v; šagšabad tegülder nom-dur tegüs ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 29r; ögligèi

nom-dur duritu boluyu 30r; nom-dur orobasu 36r; burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v; ünemleküy-

yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil 1v; ünen nom-un kürdün 13r; nom-un ¯üil-dür duratai 25v.

nom buyan üiled- to perform dharma merit (60v).

nomla- to preach: Nagajuna ba(ši nomlaba 4r; nom nomlabasu 23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v,

61r; ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; nomla(san-u tulada 1v, 4r, 37v;

ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen burqan-u nomla(san sudur dandaris 2r; nomla(san-i tayilbasu 2r;

qutu(tu Manjušari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar 2v; burqan-u nomla(san

1154
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Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur 2v; Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu

edür 49v; keriy-e-yin ündüsün-dür nomla(san buyu 56v; nomla¯uqui 3r; busu sudur-ud-tur

nomla¯uqui 2r; noqai-dur ebedèin emeleküi-i èigerlegülün nomla¯uqui 56v; Manjušari-yin

ündüsün dandris-dur nomlar-un 2r; dandaris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroši(ulqu

kemebesü 37v.

nögèigsen passed from suffering: ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen burqan 1v.

öèig testimony, prayer: öèig öèibesü 27r, 35r.

ögdešiküy-yin takil ögbesü if one gives the ungiveable offering (31v); see the comparable

form ergešiküi in Ligeti, Report préliminaire, 130-140.

öglige alms: öglige ög- 25r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 41r, 45r, 45v.

ötelküi üküküi old age and death; the 12th stage in the twelve links of dependent

origination (šitün barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the ox of the twelve animals:

üker ötelküi üküküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

qamtudquy-yin ¯ir(u(an qubi [S. sadangayoga; Tib. sbyor drug]; the sixfold union, the

six aspects of unity; Tucci, quoting Bu-ston describes them as “the six manners of becoming

consubstantial with supreme reality,” (Tucci, TPS, 105); refers to the doctrine of the Hua-yen

school known as the sixfold nature. The six forms are inseparable aspects inherent in all

things. Cf. A Dictionary of Buddhist Terms and Concepts, p. 401 under "six forms"; cf. also

Lokesh Chandra, KOT, 11; qamtudquy-yin ¯ir(u(an qubi-dur šitü¯ü 2r.

qara èindamuni black wish-fulfilling jewel (20r, 45r).

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qara dusul black drop: 20v, 20v, 41v; (urban qara dusul 20v, 46v; qoyar qara dusul 43r.

qara ging üsüg black [Tibetan] letter ki (20v).

qara jii üsüg black [Tibetan] letter zi (20v).

qara jva üsüg black [Tibetan] letter tshe (20r).

qara qada(ur the black sickle (43v).

qara nara black sun: qara nara bui 20r.

qara sa üsüg black [Tibetan] letter sa (20r).

qubil(an transformation; metamorphosis; a Buddha incarnate living god: amitan-u itegel

burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g 26; yeke rid'i qubil(an ü¯egülügsen buyan-tu sara

bolai 8r; baling do(šin inu gara(-un qubil(an-u tulada 39v.

qumq-a [S. kumbha]; vase, pitcher; vessel; (cf. ODT, p. 18); èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a

bui 20r.

qurièaqui passionate desire; the 8th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination

(šitün barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the cock of the twelve animals: takiy-a

qorièaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

qutu( [S. pada; Tib. go ‘phang]; sanctity, holy rank; dignity, distinction; happiness, bliss;

benediction; rank or dignity of a saintly person (Lessing, 1190): qutu( oroši(ul- 8r, 24r, 29v,

31r, 34v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r; qutu( ülü oroši(ulqu bui 61v; öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün

belge 20r; öl¯i qutu( oroši(ulbasu 21v, 29r; öl¯i qutu( tegüsèü ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v;

süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; dand’ris-tur nomlar-

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un mandal-i qutu( oroši(ulqu 37v; qutu( oroši(ulqu üiles yertinèü-yin üiles-dür adali busu

bolai 38r; šitügen-dür qutu( oroši(ulbasu 43v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an

ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui 44v; qutu( (uyuqui üiles 45v; qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i

qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral-iyar sedkigsen bütüyü 45v; öl¯i

qutu( orošiqu bolumui 48r; luu-yin qutu( mör (arbasu sayin 49r; öl¯i qutu[(] 50r; öl¯i qutu(

oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui 60v; öni qutu(-aèa beèig irekü 57r; tu(ulu(san burqan-u

qutu(-i olu(san sayin èa( bui 11r; qutu(tu Manjušari 2v; öl¯i qutu(tu edür 34v.

qutu(tu saintly, holy: qutu(tu Manjušari 2v.

quvara( [S. sangha; Tib. dge ‘dun]; clergy: süm-e baribasu bursang quvara( ülü to(taqu

47v; quvara(-i takibasu 26v; bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v; toyin quvara(-un-yi

[=quvara(-ud-i] kündeleküi 61r.

rabnas [Tib. rab gnas; Skt. pratishthâ]; benediction, consecration of an image, temple, etc.;

(cf. Jäschke, 621; Lessing, 651); rabnas oroši(ul- 21v, 24r, 46v, 61v; rabnas keyiküi sayin

edür 37v.

rašiyan/rašiyal [S. rasâyana]; holy water; cf. RRS, 152; rašiyan edür-ün belge erdini bui

20r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v; qoyar usu uèarabasu

rašiyan uèaral 45v; rašiyan-u uèaral-iyar amin nasun delgereyü 45v.

saèu- to scatter; sprinkle: ür-e saèubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 32r; tariyan saèubasu

22r, 30v; usun saèu(ad 21v; miq-a-yi mungna¯u saèu(ad 22r; boskil saèu¯u 24r; köröngge

saèaqu [=saèuqu] 48r; suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu 60v; ür-e saèuqui 45v.

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saèuli aspersion or libation of milk or tea for the deities; grain and food scattered as

offerings to deities (Lessing, 655); ceremony for the consecration of the herds; for these rites,

see RRS, 585-591; suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu esü( ¯ula(-un negegemel edür 60v; saèuli

er<e>gübesü 60v.

saki(ulsun [S. pâla; Tib. srung ma]; protection; protector, genius protector, a class of

deities: amin(-u) saki(ulsun 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; amin saki(ulsun

doron-a emün-e 8r; amin-u saki(ulsun doron-a 9r; amin saki(ulsun üiled- 34r, 46r; amin

saki(ulsun üile üiledbesü 35v; amin-u saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r, 36v, 36v; amin(-u) ¯oli(

saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; saki(ulsun üiledbesü 23r, 26v, 28r, 29r; ebedèin-ü

kümün saki(ulsun üiledbesü 28v; saki(ulsun biy-e-dür-iyen bišil(abasu 31r; öber-ün

saki(ulsun-iyan keèiye 43r.

sangvar vow, pledge, duty of a monk: baèa( sangvar abubasu 43v, 61r.

sasa a minature stupa; cf. DO, 565a; sasa deledbesü 42r.

sereküi consciousness: the 7th phase of the twelve links of dependent origination (šitün

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the monkey of the twelve animals: beèin sereküi

8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

solbi(san ¯iruqai cross: kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui

20r; solbi(san qara ¯iruqai 20v, 44v; tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui 20v.

subur(-a/subur(an [S. câitya; Tib. mchod-rten]; stupa; a burial mound or the image of

a burial mound which symbolically preserves the bodily charisma of Buddha Sâkyamuni; see

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

RRS, 101-103; šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; subur(-a

bosqabasu 23v, 25r, 26r, 30r, 31v, 32r; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i

oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v; subur(-a baribasu 42v; doro(ši qandu(sun

subur(-a 45r; subur(an metü 59v.

sudur [S. sûtra]; sutra; book: burqan-u nomla(san sudur dand’ris kiged ilang(uy-a Èa(-un

kürdün 2r; na(šidar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v; sudur-nu(ud beèibesü 21v; sudur-tur 4r;

Kitad-un Lii-du ting sang neretü sudur-dur 2v; Nagajun-a ba(ši terigüten merged Èa(-un

kürdün terigüten sudur-tur nomla¯uqui 3r; arilu(san-u to(-a inu busu sudur-ud-tur nomla¯uqui

2r; olan sudur-un ta(alal 4r.

Sümber a(ul-a [S. Sumeru]; Mt. Sumeru; the mythological mountain in the center of the

world in Buddhist cosmology; Sümber a(ul-a 32v, 38v, 55r; Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar

to(ori(èi odun 32v, 32v.

süm-e temple, monastery, shrine: süm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu

sayin edür 37r; süm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu

25r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; süm-e keyid ba

subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v; süm-e baribasu 31v,

47v; süm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v.

süm-e keyid monastery: süm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür

37r; süm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r; süm-e

keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a

1159
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v; süm-e baribasu 31v, 47v;

süm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v.

šabi [Ch. shami (Mathews 5606.b.1); S. çramanera]; disciple; pupil, student; novice:

šabinar üge-dür duralayu 27r.

ša(šabad [S. çikshâ-pada]; rules of religious life, especially for monks; vow to keep these

rules (Lessing, 748); ša(šabad tegüldür (bolu¯u) 28r, 29r; toyin bolbasu ša(šabad-iyan

alda(ad 27r; ša(šabad-iyan ebdekü 29v; toyin bolbasu šagšabud-iyan yoso(ar sakiqu bolu(ad

56v.

ša(šabad-iyan ebde- to violate one’s vow (29v); see the story of Kumârasena of Kashmir,

famous as the monk who violated his vow (Vogel, 1969: 64).

šara sar-a yellow moon: ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-

a bui 20r.

šastir [S. çâstra]; treatise: šastir medegèid-e ma(u 30v; Kitad-un šastir-aèa uqa(daqui 2r;

Manjušari-aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; (aru(san šastir-tur

bertegèin köbegün üiles üiledkü bögesü 2r; Kitad to(alaqui šastir-tur 2r.

šigüsü a kind of broth made from pieces of an animal (the head of the animal (pièce de

bétail)??) usually a sheep, which is then boiled and served to a person of honor, or used in

ritual; see DO, 638; èa(an Qonin šigüsü-ber takibaèu ülü oyišiyamu keme¯üküi 60v.

šitün barildaqui [S. pratîtyasamutpâda/nidâna; Tib. rten-‘brel]; dependent origination;

commonly written as sitün barildul(-a; there are twelve terms; in the manual they are said to

have been composed according to the custom created by Nâgârjuna from the tantra of

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Cakrasambara (2v); they are given as follows: 1. mungqa( (S. avidyâ; Tib. ma-rig-pa); 2.

üiledküi (S. samskârah karmâh; Tib. ‘du-byed; Mong. quran üiledküi); 3. medeküi (S. vijñâna;

Tib. rnam-par ses-pa; teyin medeküi); 4. ner-e öngge/öngge ni(ur (S. nâmarûpa; Tib. ming-

tan-gzugs); 5. ¯ir(u(an orod (S. úadâyatana, Tib. skye-mè’ed drug; Mong. törön tügeküi); 6.

kürteküi (S. sparúa; Tib. reg-pa); 7. sereküi (S. vedanâ, Tib. cor-ba. Mong. medereküi); 8.

qurièaqui (S. trsna; Tib. sred-ba); 9. abqui (upâdâna; Tib. len-ba; Mong. èiqula abqui); 10.

bolqui (S. bhava; Mong. sansar); 11. töröküi (S. jâti; Tib. skye-ba); 12. ötelküi üküküi (S.

jarâmarana; Tib. rgad-si); see RRS, 127-133; Lessing, 1183 (where it is given as sitün

barildul(-a); KOT 84; and Cornu,. 41-46; šitün barildaqui üiles 1v; arban qoyar šitün

barildaqui 2v, 2v.

šitügen [S. âdhâra; Tib. gzhi]; 1. basis, foundation; “potentiality”; qono(-un (urban ¯üil

il(al terigüten-i medegdekü-yin šitügen 2r; 2. an object of veneration; šitügen eke 8r, 14r, 52r;

šitügen-ü eke 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 53r; burqan šitügen šinidkebesü

24r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; šitügen-dür qutu(

oroši(ulbasu 38r, 43v; šitügen bayi(ulqui 45v; burqan-u šitügen egüdbesü 46v.

tabèang [S. âsana; Tib. gdan; Mong. debisker]; throne; dias; see RRS, 78; tabèang baribasu

23r.

ta(alal [S. siddhânta; Tib. grub mtha’]; tenet, set of tenets of a school: ta(alal 4r; Dülb-a-

yin yosu-yi ta(ala(èin kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal 3v; Nagajuna-yin ta(alal

3v; Nagajuna terigüten degedü merged-ün ta(alal 4r; degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur

qaburun terigün Baras sar-a-dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e. Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügey-

1161
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

yin tula-da qorin isün bitegüü bolumui 3r; okin töröbesü (ayiqamši( oyun-a ta(alal-du boluyu

26r.

taki- to offer, make sacrifice: takil beledèü talbi(ad tngri (a¯ar-yi taki 32v; burqan buu taki

34v; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r; burqan tngri buu taki 48r; aman-a (a¯ar usun-i

taki 55v; busu edür-e èa(an qonin šigüsü-ber takibaèu ülü oyišiyamu keme¯üküi 60v; burqan-i

takibasu 21v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 28v, 29r, 30r; aliba burqan-i takibasu 22v; burqan takibasu 23r,

24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29v, 29v, 31r, 32r, 34r, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r; (al takil takibasu

21v, 31v, 35r; (al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v; (al takibasu 35v, 35v, 36v, 37r; suu ¯ali-

yu(an takibasu 25v, 28v; quvara(-i takibasu 26v; bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v;

erketen-i takibasu 27v; takil ba abišig talbibasu 28r; busud-i takibasu 30r; (a¯ar-un e¯in-i

takibasu 34v; naiman ayima(-ud-yi takibasu 35r; tngri (a¯ar-<y>i takibasu 35r; ong(od-i

takibasu 35v; tngri ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; tngri-yi takibasu 36v;

(a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; (a¯ar usun e¯id-i takibasu 39v; burqan tngri ong(od-

i takibasu 48r; su¯ali-yu(an taki¯u 21v; suu ¯ali-yu(an takiju 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; èa(-un takil-

iyar taki¯u 38v; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; ed-ün tngri takiqui 45v; burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r;

degedüs-yi takiqui 61r.

takil [S. pûjâ; Tib. mchod pa]; offering; sacrifice: takil ögbesü 8r; (al takil takibasu 21v,

31v, 35r; (al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v; (al-un takil üiledbesü 34v; takil ba abišig

talbibasu 28r; aliba takil üiledbesü 31v; ögdešiküy-yin takil ögbesü 31v; takil beledèü talbi(ad

tngri (a¯ar-yi taki 32v; usun takil ögküi 45v; takil-<y>i beledèü 32v; èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u

38v.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tamu hell: qoyin-a tamu-dur unamu 32r.

tarni [S. dhâranî]; magic spells mostly consisting of Sanskrit syllables or words and/or

unintelligible phonetic units used in ritual; charms, dharani, mantra: tarni uribasu 25v, 30r,

32r, 34v, 34v, 61r; ¯irüken tarni uribasu 25v; arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

terigüten [S. -âdi; Tib. la sogs pa]; and so forth, and others: terigüten 1v, 1v, 1v, 2v, 2v,

3r, 3r, 3r, 4r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 38v, 38v, 39r, 45v, 48r, 50v’ terigüten-i 2r, 2r, 2v, 2v, 2v, 16r, 61v;

terigüten-iyer 38r; terigüten-ü 2v.

teyin böged [Tib. rnam par; frequently translates the S. prefix vi- in its intensifying

functions, but also in the sense of “differently, especially”], Lessing, 1185.

teyin böged arilu(san [T. rnam par byang ba; S. vyavadânatva]; (the state of) purity

(Lessing, 1185); teyin böged arilu(san-u to(-a 2r.

tong(ori( [Tib. spu gri]; razor; (cf. ODT, 13, 15); Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge inu

tong(ori( bui 20r; ¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu üsün düyilü(èi tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r;

tong(ori( 47r.

töröküi birth; the 11th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination (šitün barildaqui):

in the calendar paired with the rat of the twelve animals: qulu(an-a töröküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v,

9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

tu(urbil effort; attempt; intention: kièiyel tu(urbil kereglegdekü busu bögesü ber 1v;

ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san 1v; tu(urbil-dur kièiyeküi busu

bögetele 1v.

1163
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san [S. nishprapanca; T. spros bral; Mong. tu(urbil-aèa

anggi¯ira(san]. freed from phenomenalization (Lessing, p. 1187).

tüle-/tüli- v.t. to burn: (al mandal tülebesü 10r, 61v; üküger-ün sünesün tülebesü 35v;

odèa( tülebesü 42v; debel tülebesü 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r; dayisun-u

èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bièi¯ü (al-dur tüleged 22r; aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-

dür adali bolumui 44v; (al-un oèi-du tülekü 55v, 56r; ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür

27r; edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküy-yin uèaral boluyu 44v; (al široi

qoyar uèarabasu tüleküy-yin uèiral 46r; tüleküy-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r;

tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui 20v; tüleküi edürün belge anu solbi(san qara

¯iruqai ene ilegüüdebei 20v; (al mandal tüleküi 39r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui 45r; debel eskebesü (al-dur tüleyü 25r.

tüliši [=tüleši] fuel; a ritual commemorating the dead; for this ceremony, see RRS, 616;

tüliši ögbesü 28v, 30r, 30v; ükügsed-dür tüliši buu ög 26r; ükügsen kümün-e tüliši ögbesü

26v; ükügsen kümün-dür tüliši ögbesü 29r; ükügsen-tür tüliši ögbesü 29r.

tüšimed erdeni minister’s jewel; the insignia of a minister is one of the seven jewels; see

dolo(an erdeni in Lessing, 1168, under erdeni; tüšimed erdeni bolqu na(šidar bui 30v.

uduri(ulsun [S. upâdhyâya]; guidance; refers to the leader of initiation rites; see RRS,

635; abašig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v.

ugiyaqui èoga üiled- to perform a washing ceremony: ugiyaqui èoga üiledbesü 31r.

usun bari(èid lit. “water holders”; euph. for clouds (1v).

usun takil water offering (45v); cf. Beyer, 1973, 148.

1164
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

üile [S. duçcartâ; Tib. dka’]; austerities, penance, rite; deed; act; work: üile 42r; tariyan-u

üile üiledbesü 13v; do(šid-un üile (üiledbesü) 25r, 28r, 29r, 30v; nigen üile qoyar bol(abasu

26v; diyan-u üile üiledbesü 31r; aliba üile ekilebesü 31r; nomo(odqaqui üile üiledbesü 31v;

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui üile 33v; üile baribasu 35r; qari(ulqu-yin üile üiledbesü 35v; amin

saki(ulsun üile üiledbesü 35v; èa(an üile qara bolumui 42v; küèütü üile üiledbesü 45r; èoga-

yin üile 45v; üile bütükü 49v, 58r, 58r; üile bolqu 57r; kimuraqu üile bo[l]qu 57r; ükül-ün

yasun ü¯ekü üile bolqu 57r; ayuqu üile bolqu 58r; ayul-du üile bolqu 58v; qoyar ¯aya(an-u

üile-dür (abiy-a ügei bolumui 27r; amitu ba ükügsen qoyar-un üile-dür sayin 29v; kümün-ü

aliba üiled-dür sayin bui 31r.

üiled- to do; make: buu üiled 34v; do(šin üiles buu üiled 38r; amurling(ui sayin üiles buu

üiled 41v; sayin üiles buu üiled 41v, 48v; buyan-du üiles buu üiled 45r; aliba üiles buu üiled

48r; ya(un buu üiled 56r; üiledbesü 48r; tariyan-u üile üiledbesü 13v; do(šid-un üile

üiledbesü 25r, 29r, 30v; diyan-u üile üiledbesü 31r; nomo(odqaqui üile üiledbesü 31v;

qari(ulqu-yin üile üiledbesü 35v; amin saki(ulsun üile üiledbesü 35v; küèütü üile üiledbesü

45r; üiles üiledbesü 26r; usun-u üiles üiledbesü 19r; ma(u üiles üiledbesü 19r; dayisun(-i)

daruqu üiles üiledbesü 23v, 26v, 31r; dayisun-i daruqu üiles-yi üiledbesü 29r; yampar ba üiles

üiledbesü 31v; daru(ulqui-yin üiles üiledbesü 35v; do(šid-un üiles üiledbesü 35v; aliba üiles

üiledbesü 37r; (aliba) do(šin üiles üiledbesü 38r, 39r, 39r; aliba sayin üiles üiledbesü 43r,

44v; sayin üiles üiledbesü 44v; buyan-du sayin üiles üiledbesü 45r; kelinèitü üiles üiledbesü

bütükü 45r; buyan üiledbesü 21v, 23r, 23v, 26r, 32r, 34r, 35r; ükügsen-dür buyan üiledbesü

21v, 22v, 25v, 29v, 30v; ükügsen kümün-dü(r) buyan üiledbesü 31r, 32r; nom buyan

1165
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

üiledbesü 24r; luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü 22r; tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü 30v; ugiyaqui

èoga üiledbesü 31r; buyan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü 23r; saki(ulsun üiledbesü 23r, 26v, 28r, 28v,

29r; aliba burqan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü 26v; alaqu nitulquy-yi üiledbesü 28r; kereg ¯asal

üiledbesü 30v; burqan-tur aliba takil üiledbesü 31v; buyan ¯oli( üiledbesü 31v; buyan qurim

üiledbesü 31v; amin(-u) saki(ulsun üiledbesü 34r, 36r, 36v; amin(-u) ¯oli( saki(ulsun

üiledbesü 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; (al-un takil üiledbesü 34v; qa(uèin-dur üiledbesü 37v; tegüni

da(an üiledbesü 40r; ya(un sedke¯ü üiledbesü 47v; ger bürikü üiledbesü 47v; üiles üiledkü

2r; aliba üiles ülü üiledkü 24v, 42v; nom buyan üiledkü-dü sayin 60v; taulai üiledküi 8v, 8v,

8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r; amin saki(ulsun

üiledküi 46r; qooritu üiles üiledküi-dür sayin bui 15v; sarayin šinede üiledteküi buyu 37v.

üiledküi activity; the 2nd phase in the twelve links of dependent origination (šitün

barildaqui); in the calendar linked with the hare of the twelve animal cycle: taulai üiledküi

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

üiledügèi the performer [of the rites of the fearsome ones]: üiled-dügèi kümün 39r.

üiles [pl. of üile]; deeds; rites: üiles 60v; šitün barildaqui üiles 1v; üiles üiledkü 2r; erkedür

oro(ulqui keèiyeküi üiles 13r; qooritu üiles üiledküi-dür sayin bui 15r; amurling(ui üiles

keyibesü 18r; usun-u üiles üiledbesü 19r; ma(u üiles üiledbesü 19r; dayisun(-i) daruqu üiles

üiledbesü 23v, 26v, 31r; aliba üiles (ülü) üiled- 24v, 37r, 42v; üiles üiledbesü 26r; yampar ba

üiles üiledbesü 31v; do(šid-un üiles 32r; do(šid-un üiles üiledbesü 35v; ma(ui udusq-a

1166
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ma(ui üiles 33v; daru(ulqui-yin üiles üiledbesü 35v; qutu( oroši(ulqu üiles 38r; (aliba)

do(šin üiles üiledbesü 38r, 39r, 39r; do(šin üiles buu üiled 38r; do(šin üiles 40r, 45r;

amurling(ui sayin üiles buu üiled 41v; sayin üiles buu üiled 41v, 48v; (ayila(daqu üiles 42r;

qamu( ma(u üiles ¯ayilaqu 42v; (aliba) sayin üiles üiledbesü 43r, 44v, 44v; buyan-du sayin

üiles üiledbesü 45r; buyan-du üiles buu üiled 45r; kelinèitü üiles üiledbesü bütükü 45r; qan

kümün üiles bütükü 45v; busu-ber öndür bütükü üiles sayin 45v; buliyan qula(ai-u [=yin]

üiles 46r; aliba üiles sedübesü 46v; aliba üiles buu üiled 48r; üiles bütükü 49v, 50r, 50v, 50v;

aliba üiles bütükü 50r, 50r; (abiy-a-du üiles bütükü 50r; aliba üiles egün-eèe ¯ayila(daqu 58v;

üiles sedübesü 61r; öndör bütügekü üiles sayin 61r; išiten tübšidkü üiles sayin 61r;

amurling(ui üiles sayin 61r; dayisun-i daruqu üiles-i üiledbesü 29r; dayisun-i daruqu üiles-i

egün-lüge [n]ököèibesü 42v; aliba üiles-i tegün-eèe ¯ayila(daqui 43r; sayin üiles-i èigerle 59r;

busud-<y>i doroyita(ulqui üiles-dü 46r; abqu kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v; üiles-tür 25v;

yabuqu sa(uqu üiles-dür sayin 23v; aq-a kümün-ü üiles-dür sayin 30r; do(šid-un üiles-tür

sayin 34v; ede üiles-dür ma(u 35v; ede üiles-dür sayin 36r; yertinèü-yin üiles-dür adali busu

bolai 38r; do(šin üiles-dür sayin 41v; aliba do(šin qata(uu üiles-dür sayin 45r; amurling(ui

üiles-dür ma(u 45r; ašida-yin üiles-dür sayin 45v; nasun urtu bolqu üiles-tür sayin 45v; qutu(

(uyuqui üiles-dür sayin 45v; ergüküi üiles-dür sayin 46r; amurling(ui delgereküi-yin erke-yin

üiles-dür sayin 46r; adu(usun ögküi üiles-dür sayin 46r; olgiqui üiles-dür sayin 46r; qoor

neyilegülküi üiles-dür sayin 46r; aliba üiles-dür sayin 47r, 57v; aliba üiles-dür maši sayin 57v;

aliba üiles-dür ma(u 48r; aliba do(šin üiles-dür sayin 61v; ülü tübšidkü üiles-dür sayin 61v;

buyantu üiles-dür sayin 61v; üiles-ün sayin ma(u 46r.

1167
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ündüsün [S. tantra; Tib. rgyud]; tantra (Lessing, 1191); roots (i.e. of plants); origin, basis:

Manjušari-aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur 1v; Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris-dur

nomlar-un 2r; ebesün-ü ündüsün kökemüi 2r; Banjar dakini-yin ündüsün 3r; (a¯ar-tur qamu(

nabèi ündüsün ur(umui 12r; Keriy-e-yin ündüsün-dür nomla(san 56v; Jagr-a sambura-yin

ündüsün-eèe . . . ¯okiyabai 2v; ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi gara( 2r; ündüsün-ü yosu(ar

37v; ed-ün ündüsün erke-yi bütügeküi 45v.

ünemleküi [S. paramârtha; Tib. don dam pa]; truth; refers to the Buddhist doctrine of

absolute or supreme truth, as opposed to conventional or esoteric truth (ina(ungki [Lessing,

1192]): ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa 1v.

ünen truth; true; truly: ünen nom-un kürdün 13r; dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an

to(oladaqui 24v.

üsüg letter; written grapheme; writing: qariqui edürün belge inu qara sa üsüg bui 20r; arši-

narun ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg bui 20r; ula(an üsüg bui 47v; do(šin edürün

belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r; šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v; qara

šingpüng-yin [=šingpüng-ün] belge inu qara zi üsüg bui 42v; ginggang ideši erikü edürün

belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v; Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi.

kemen ungšimui 35v; mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

saki(èi ebdegèi tüšigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v.

vaèir [S. vajra; Tib. rdo-rje; Mong. dorji]; vajra, thunderbolt; a guru's weapon, symbolic of

the thunderbolt of Indra (Jupiter); (cf. Waddell 1978: 27; ODT, 23); naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu

1168
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r; qariqui edürün belge inu ¯arimdu( vaèir bui 20r; dörben odun-

u düri vaèir metü bui 31r; vaèir 38r ¯arimdu( vaèir 38r.

yeke kölge the Greater Vehicle, Mahâyâna Buddhism: yeke kölge-yi orèi(ulqu edür 34v.

yosu(n) custom, doctrine, system: ¯ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu 3r; Dülb-a-yin yosu-yi

ta(ala(èin kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal inu tabun ¯üil bolu(ad nigen saban

sar-a bolumui 3v; nigen qono(-i ¯a(un möèi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun 6r; yosun medeküi

mergen 56v; to(an-u yosun-dur qono( tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-yi medekü kereg 3r;

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqa¯u narin-a ü¯egdeküi buyu 2v; bügüde-yin to(alal nigen yosutu

bol(an ü¯ebesü 4r.

ASTRONOMY/URANOGRAPHY

Abiji/Abaji S. abiji; 20th nakshatra; the final month of summer in the Kâlacakra (14r); the

nakshatra of the gods (tngri-ner-ün na(šidar bui 30v); it is the nakshatra of death (30v); the

nakshatra which causes officials to fall from their rank (tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ur(ulu(èi

Abaji buyu 33v); the nakshatra that causes one thief to see nine kings (nigen qula(ayièi

kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi Abiji buyu 34r); when the Abiji day falls on a Monday, it

is one of seven days for conquering the šimnus demons (šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür

inu [. . . ] Saran odun Abaji qoyar 45r); of the four elements, its element is earth (21r, 45v,

59v); of the five elements its element is metal (61r); it is a good day for setting off on a

journey (48v); a good day for bringing a bride into one’s household (51r); a good day for

planting crops (55v); a good day for putting on a new robe (56r); it is the star of the erlig

1169
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(60v); one of four stars that cut off descendants (dörben ür-e tasura(san odun 61r); one of four

stars of the four wheels clan (dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r); the constellation of the

singing orphan (da(ulaèi önöèin odun 59r); the head of its protective animal is the stag’s

(59r); its three stars are like the head of an elephant (59v); the appearance of its four stars is

like the jewel horse (30v); in other sources it usually has three stars, ", g, . Lyrae.

altan ordo the golden palace; see Doré, v. 6, p. 11, v. 9, p. 21; altan ordo mör (arbasu

sayin 49r.

Anurad [S. anurâdhâ]; the 15th nakshatra; Anurad day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v; on the 24th day (of the Tiger month) by the conjunction of the

moon with Anurad the good and bad auspices of the hours will be foretold: qorin dörben-e

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; its element is

earth, 21r, 33v, 34r, 34r, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56v,

59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r; saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu- 18r, 19r; Anurad na(šidar 29r;

Anurad-du degedü šidi olqu boluyu 38r.

Ardar [S. Ârdrâ]; the fourth nakshatra: Ardar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 59r, 59v; Ardar na(šidar 26r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan

šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]Ardar [. . .]sayin 37v; Ardar-dür buyan

keš[i]g sayitur nemeyü 37v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui

[. . .] 'al odun Ardar qoyar 45r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür

bolumui [. . .] Usun odun Ardar qoyar 45r; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji

ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini

1170
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

eden modun bui 61r; na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü anu

ene bolai Margašar Ardar qoyar Qonin edür uèarabasu ma(u 46v; èireg mordaqu edür

kemebesü [. . .] Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu [. .

.]Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v; öšiyerkü qara edür ginggang šingpüng güiküi edür ma(u. [. . .] Ardar

[. . .] ma(u 53r; debel emüskü sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Ardar [. . .] ma(u 56r; Ardar Asli(

Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui. ¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v; naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü

Ardar Burnavasu qoyar 60v; Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin

obo(-tan buyu 61v.

Arsalan-u ger Leo, the 7th sign of the zodiac: naran Arsalan-u gertür oro(san-u tula

yirtinèü-deki arsalan quraèimui 14r.

Asli(/As’li( [S. Âúlesâ]; the 7th nakshatra: Asli( 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

15v, [16v], 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v; Asli( na(šidar 27r; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi

Asli( buyu 33v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul As’li( Širvan ede dolo(an

na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Asli( Šuša( Širvan Barani eden široi-yin èinar buyu 61r; èireg

mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Asli( [. . .] ma(u 48v; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani

ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin 56v; Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui.

¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v; dörben ür-e tasura(san odun kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar. Abaji

Barani qoyar buyu 61r; Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r.

Ašivani/Ašuvani [S. Aúvinî]; the 27th nakshatra: Ašivani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 52r, 59r, 59v; Ašivani sara Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un

1171
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kürdüèin-dür namurun dumdadu Ašivani sara 16r; Ašivani na(šidar/Ašuvani na(šidar 32r;

o(tar(ui-dur Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 16r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. [. . .] 'al odun Ašivani qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] 'al odun Ašivani qoyar 44v; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Usun odun Ašivani qoyar

45r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Altan odun

Ašivani qoyar 45r; Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad

Rivad'i Ašivani eden usun bui 61r; mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Ašivani sayin

48v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Ašivani sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun

kemebesü [. . .] Ašivani [. . .] odun sayin 51r; [. . .] Ašivani ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü

sayin 56r; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin

56v; Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i

il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui. [. . .] umara Udaribadaribad kiged Ašivani

qoyar 60v; Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r.

ba(u- to decline, e.g. the sun at the winter solstice: ebülün nara ba(uqu edür 3r; ebülün

naran ba(uqu èa( 18r.

ba(uram declining; a sign of the true horoscope, i.e., the ascendent: ba(uram 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

1172
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 24v.

bara(da- to wane, i.e., of the moon: sara degürküi bara(daqui-yi medegdeküi 4r;

bara(daqui medekü kereg 4v.

Barani [S. Bharanî]; the 28th nakshatra: Barani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 45r, 45v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r,

61v; Barani na(šidar 32r.

bayi- to stop; cease; in astronomical context refers to the solstices, the moment when the

sun stops moving north or south along the celestial equator: nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu 3r; nara

bayiqu düng¯i edür 6r; ebülün nara bayiqu 6r; edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji 6v; ¯un-u

nara bayiqu 6v; ¯un-u naran bayiqu èa( 12r.

Burnavasu [S. Punarvasu]; one of the nakshatra: Burnavasu 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 26r, 33r. 33v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 53r, 55v, 55v,

56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v.

Burvabadaribad/Burvabadaripad [S. Pûrvâbhâdrapadâ]; one of the nakshatra:

Burvabadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 31r, 33v,

34r, 37v, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v, 51r, 55v, 56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; namurun terigün

Burvabadari-bad sara 15r; Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r.

Burvabalguni [S. Pûrvâphalgunî]; one of the nakshatra: Burvabalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 37r, 37r, 44v, 45v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 59r,

59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Bruvabalguni na(šidar 27v.

1173
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Burvasad [S. Pûrvâsâdhâ]; one of the nakshatra: Burvasad 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 34r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v,

52r, 53r, 55v, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Burvasad na(šidar 30r; Burvasad

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 13r.

Bus/Pus [S. Pusya]; one of the nakshatra: Bus 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 37v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r,

61r/Pus 53r; Bus na(šidar 2r, 2v, 19r, 26v; Bus sar-a 3r, 19r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. [. . .] Modun odun Pus qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Pus

qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui [. . .] Altan

odun Pus qoyar 45r; Kerteg Barani Šuša( Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an

na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Pus [. . .] sayin 48v; Pus

Suvadi Rivad’i Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v.

èa(an baras the White Tiger (41r, 49r, 49r, 49r;) refers to the White Tiger of autumn,

which, together with the Red Bird of summer, the Blue Dragon of spring (köke luu), and the

Black Tortoise of winter (qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf.

Stall's Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 113-119).

èa(an baras-un köl the leg of the white tiger, i.e., the base of the western constellation of

autumn, the White Tiger: èa(anbaras-un köl-dür mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

1174
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

èa(an baras-un niru(un the back of the white tiger tiger, i.e., the heart or middle of the

western constellation of autumn, the White Tiger: èa(an baras-un niru(un mör (arbasu sayin

49r.

èa(an baras-un terigün the head of the white tiger, i.e., the head of the western

constellation of autumn, the White Tiger: èa(an baras-un terigün mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

èing böged ¯ögelen obo( the firm but gentle clan: Kerteg Šuša( qoyar èing

böged ¯ögelen obo(-tan buyu 61v.

èingbatu obo( the unshakeable clan: Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden

dörben odun èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r.

Èinglegüür-ün ger the Balance; Libra; the 9th sign of the zodiac: naran Èinglegüür-ün

gertür oro(san 16r.

Èista [S. Jyesthâ]; one of the nakshatra: Èista 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 53r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u terigün

Èista sar-a 12r; Èista na(šidar 29v; o(tar(ui-dur Èista na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r; tngri-yin

èi(ta(-a Èista buyu 34r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Èista [. . .] sayin 37v; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede

dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v Anurad Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden

altan bui 61r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu [. . .] Èista [. . .] sayin 48v; bièig

to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu. [. . .] Èista [. . .] sayin 56v; Bus

Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin 56v; Ardar Asli(

Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui. ¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v; dörben belbesün odun kemebesü

1175
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Kerteg Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan kiged buyu 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden

dörben odun qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

èögebüri/¯ögebüri jackal; refers to Sirius, Chinese tianlang/t’ien-lang; known in Chinese

lore as the governor of the Tibetan people; (Schlegel 1967: 430; Schafer 1977: 53): ula(an

¯ögebüri qaškiraqu 27v; qaškirqui èögebüri odun 59r; miqaèi èögebüri-yin odun 59r.

èuèa( [Tib. chu-tshags, 1. sieve; 2. watering pot (Jäschke, 158)]; star spirit, “geomantic

spirit,” (TEDP, 129-132): èuèa( kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49v.

èün ¯un [Ch. chun “spring” (Mathews, 1493 (p. 211)) and Ch. zhong “middle” (Mathews,

1504 (p. 213))]; the middle of spring, i.e., the vernal equinox; èün ¯un bolbasu 6r.

dada qan [Ch. tianhuang dadi/t’ien-huang ta-di]; Emperor Dada; a Chinese asterism

comprising one star, Polaris, the North Pole; known as the central palace of heaven and ruler

of the sky (Schlegel 1967: 523; Staal 1984: 126; Allred, 2002: 117); the pole star commonly

referred to in Mongolian as Altan (adasu (the golden spike [TU, 1991: 896]): dada qan

kemekü edür mör (arbasu ma(u 49v.

dayang [Ch. dayang/ta-yang]; the sun; the yang principle (Lessing 1951: 158); while

Chinese taiyang refers to the sun, the reference here is likely to an asterism, dayang, so named

because it marks the path of the sun (Schlegel 1967: 113, 818-819, nn. 365-369); see also the

Mongolian star naran (TU, 903): dayang kemekü edür mör (arbasu ma(u 49v.

deb phase; stage: qoyar deb-dür edür söni saèu(uu bolu(san 6r; tere èa(-tur qoyar deb-dür

edür söni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r.

1176
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

degür- to be full; to wax, i.e., of the moon: sar-a-yi ali na(šidar inu ekilekü degürkü ba.

bara(daqui medekü kereg 4v; sara degürküi bara(daqui-yi medegdeküi 4r; bey-e inu (urban

tib-i degürümüi 55r.

degüreng sang full treasury: degürengsang mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

dolo(an gara( the seven “wandering” stars, i.e., Sun, Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus,

Jupiter, Saturn: qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u uèaral-un

sayin ma(u-[y]i üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r; dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui

24v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v; dolo(an

odun 59v.

dolo(an odun the seven stars, i.e., Sun, Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn; the

seven days of the week: qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u

uèaral-un sayin ma(u-[y]i üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r; dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün

50v; dolo(an odun 59v.

doto(adu ordo internal palace; the northern circumpolar stars; in China, India and ancient

Mesopotamia the sky is divided into three divisions, outer, middle, and inner, the middle

being the stars of the ecliptic, outer, the stars south of the ecliptic; and inner, the northern and

circumpolar stars (Needham 1959: 242-243, 255-257); a binary division of the sky is also

found, in which the “inner palace” refers to the stars beyond the twenty-eight lunar mansions

(Ch. xiu); this again indicates the northern circumpolar stars (Allred, 2002: 12; Needham

1959: 242-243); the inner palace is also represented by specific constellations, the six stars

1177
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

of gouzhen (angular arranger, in Ursa Minor, Camelopardalis, and Cepheus), nine stars of wei

(the tail, the 6th xiu) and four stars of ji (the basket, the 7th xiu [Ho 1966: 67, 97-98]):

doto(adu ordo mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

dörben belbesün odun the four widow stars: dörben belbesün odun kemebesü Kerteg

Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan kiged buyu 61r.

dörben kürdün obo( the four-wheels clan: Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun

dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r.

dörben tan odun ?the four tan nakshatra (indicating significance for those of rank, to

whom tan is used as an honorific): dörben tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar

Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r.

dörben ür-e tasura(san odun the four nakshatra in which descendants are cut off:

dörben ür-e tasura(san odun kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar. Abaji Barani qoyar buyu 61r.

düli middle; middle of the day or night, i.e., noon or midnight: nara emüneši odqui eèüs-

dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju

ü¯ebesü dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara umar-a ¯üg

odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui

6r; edür düli 24v, 39r, 39r, 40r; èerig mordobasu edür düli morda 23r; söni düli 38v, 38v, 39r,

39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r; edür söni düli 42r, 42v, 42v; Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai

Šuša( Anurad Udarisad Abaji Širvan Tanis Ašivani ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin:

Ardar Mig ma(u. busu odun düli bui 56r; edür düli-dür qarimui 39r; edür düli-eèe söni kürtel-

1178
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

e èi(ulumui 38v; èereg mordobasu söni düli-yin urida morda 24r; (urban sarayin qorin qoyar-

a söni-yin düli-yin urida dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v.

düng¯i [Ch. dong zhi]; the winter solstice (Mathews, 6603 (p. 963)); nara emüneši odqui

eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür 6r; basa düng¯i bolbasu ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe

qoyin-a edür ulam urtudumui 6r.

ebderekü disintegrating; one of the stages of the horoscope, i.e., the ascendent: 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v; buyan kešig ebderekü 21v; gara( tegüs inu sayin. meküs inu dumda

ebderekü ba(uram qoyar-du aliba üiles ülü üiledkü 24v.

ebülün nara ba(uqu the winter solstice: Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-

yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi 3r; ebülün

naran ba(uqu èa( 18r.

ebülün nara ba(uqu edür the winter solstice; Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi

3r.

ebülün nara bayiqu the winter solstice (6r).

ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( the hour of the winter solstice; ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r.

èasu ese orobasu ebül dula(an bolqu 19r.

1179
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ebülün tüil-ün edür the winter solstice: qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür

bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i èigerle 59r.

egüde(n)/ egüüde(n) [Tib. sgo; Uy. išik]; gate, passageway. The term has both physical and

metaphysical connotations; gates are given in ancient Babylonian sources. Tamsyn Barton

writes that "In Babylonian astrology each band of stars in a constellation is envisaged as the

path of one of the gods, who enter through the gates on the horizon (Barton, p. 13).

Thompson describes the "gate" in terms of an "interruption" of the halo around the sun when

it is low on the horizon (Thompson, p. xxv). A full description of the term is given by René

Guénon in Richer's Sacred Geography of the Ancient Greeks, tranl. Christine Rhone, where

it says:

The vertical axis, in so far as it unites the two poles, is evidently a north-south
axis. In the transition from a polar to a solare symbolism, this axis will have
to be, as it were, projected onto the zodiacal plane, but in such a way as to
keep a certain correspondence . . . . that would be as exact as possible with the
original polar axis. Now, in the annual cycle, the winter and summer solstices
are the two points that correspond respectively to the north and to the south in
the order of space, just as the spring and autumn equinoxes similarly
correspond to east and west. The axis that will fulfill the desired condition is
thus the one that joins the two solstitial points; and it can be said that this
solstitial axis will then act as a relatively vertical axis . . . .
The cosmic cavern could have two opposed "zodiacal" gateways, in
accordance with the axis that has just been envisaged, which would
correspond respectively to the two solstitial points, one being the entrance and
the other the exit. The notion of these two "sostitial gateways" is explicit in
most of the traditions, and is generally given great symbolic importance. The
entrance is sometimes called the "gateway of humanity" . . . . The exit is then
by contrast known as the "gateway of the gods" . . . . (Richer, pp. 63-64)

"On this point, as on many others," Richer says, "the Pythagoreans were transmitting an

ancient tradition which is also clearly expressed in the Bhagavad Gita" (Richer, p. 64); cf.

1180
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

also Rachmati, 395; ger-ün egüüde 23v; tngri-yin egüüde/egüde 33r, 33r, 49v; tngri-yin

egüden-dür 49r; (adquldu(èi tngri-yin egüden odun 59r; (a¯ar-un egüüde 33r, 33r; sayin

egüüde 33r; ma(u egüüde 33r; sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v; egüde-eèe buru(u to(ala 60r.

(adasun [Tib. mdung]; nail; lance; the term refers to a weapon, a ritual instrument, symbol

or attribute (cf. ODT, 15-16); and to stars; in ancient Greece Anaximenes draws a basic

distinction between the planets and the fixed stars; the stars are fastened “like nails” in the

“ice-like” vault of the sky (Burkert, 311); this concept is similarly held by the Mongols; thus,

the term does not merely refer to the north pole (altan (adasun), but to other stars as well; the

idea of the north pole as a nail is also widely held; the harmony of the spheres is a world

conception of three “domains” and seven or nine skies, one over the other, with corresponding

underworlds, and a “world pillar,” the axis mundi, running through the center of the whole

system, crowned by the “north Nail” or “world nail” (Polaris [De Santillana, 123]); doro(ši

qandu(san (adusun 20r, 39r; ögede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r, 39r; (adasun qari(ulbasu

23v; qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v; degedü Uma neretü (adasun 32v;

(adasun qadququi 38v.

'al (odun) fire star, i.e., Mars, Tuesday: 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 20r, 20r, 20r, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v,

46r, 46v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r; 'al odun bögesü ¯egerde qal¯an morin una(san

ba. bombo kümün ba ula(an debeltü kümün ba ese bögesü degerem qula(ayièi ba keregür

1181
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bara(ur-tur ¯ol(oqu 4v; 'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar bui

22v.

gara( [S. graha “seizer”, Tib. za]; planet; planets; known as “seizer” in Indian astrology

because they lay hold of the fates of men with their supernatural influence (Burgess 1859:

275; see also Stone 1981: 94); also rendered in Mongolian as gra(-a (KOT 60): gara( 54v;

taban gara( 2r; ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi gara( 2r; gara( ideši erikü edürün belge

dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v; qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i

tokiyaldu(ul¯u 21r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v;

Naran odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara( kememü 21v; Saran odun kemebesü door-a luus-un

qad-un gara( büküi 22r; 'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküi 22v; do(šin gara( 22v;

tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( kememüi 22v; Usun odun kemebesü yaa(š-a-

un qa(an-u gara( büküi 22v; Modun odun kemebesü ¯ögelen galbaranjan modun-u gara(

büküi 23r; Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara( büküi 23v; Široi odun kemebesü

dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( büküi 24r; gara( tegüs inu sayin 24v; gara( ba yabuqui

odun bügüde-yi ¯i(a¯u ögsügei 32v; isün gara( 32v; ni¯iged gara( bui 33r; gara( odun-u sayin

inu 38r; nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( 42v; odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in inu 55r; odun

gara(-lu(-a tegüs<s>ügsen-e mörgümüi 32r; ni¯iged gara(-lu(-a ni¯iged èa( bari(èi bui 33r;

gara(-ud 45v; gara(-ud-iyar; gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; gara(-ud-un; gara(-

ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin inu 39v; gara(-ud-un èinu-a 39v; gara(-ud-un

do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v; gara(-un qubil(an 39v; do(šin gara(-un dotor-a oroši¯u 43r.

1182
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] ger [S. karkata]; the house of the Crab; Cancer; 6th sign of the

zodiac; the more commonly found Mongolian term for “crab” is naimalji from the stem

naiman "eight" referring to the crabs eight claws; this sign of the zodiac is now commonly

referred to as meneki-yin ger (see, for instance, melkhiin ger in the modern Mongolian

almanacs of Dechinchoinkhor monastery and Terbish): Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gertür

naran oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-dür meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r.

ger dwelling; home; sign, i.e., of the zodiac: ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkü edür ni¯iged

ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui 6r; ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkeküi-dür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi

següder neme¯ü 6r; nara Qumqan-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu

bolumui 8r; naran ®i(asun-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula usun-dur qamu( ¯i(asun güimüi 9r; nara

Qonin-u gertür oro(san-u tula Qonin èa(-iyar qura(alamui 10r; nara Üker-ün ger-dür

oro(san-u tula üker qurièaqui sar-a bui 11r; naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula.

yirtinèü-yin qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r; Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gertür

naran oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-dür meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r; naran Arsalan-u

gertür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki arsalan quraèimui 14r; naran Okin-u gertür oro(san-u tula

yirtinèü-deki<n> okid üjügürkeküi èa( bui 15r; naran Èinglegüür-ün gertür oro(san-u tula.

yirtinèü-deki dusul terigüten-i èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi 16r; naran Tiler-ün gertür oro(sun-u

tula. yirtinèü-deki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r; naran Numun-u gertür oro(san-u

tula yirtinèü-teki numun qata(uu küèütü bolumui 18r; naran Matar-un ger-dür oro(san-u tula

matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r.

1183
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

geyi-/gi- to dawn, grow light: ör geyigsen 42v; ör geyiküi-dür 38v, 39r, 39r, 42r; ör giküi-

dür gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; ör geyimü 2r, 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

isün gara( the nine planets (32v); the Teutonic week. Included with the seven gara(

which comprise the days of the week there are two additional gara(, Râhu and Ketu, to make

nine total. Râhu, which designates the moon's ascending node is mythological and belongs

to the monster in the heavens, which by the ancient Hindus and others was believed to

occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by attempting to devour them. The moon's

descending node was deified in a similar way as Ketu. Cf. Burgess, 194.

janggün/sanggün [Ch. jiangjun/chiang-chün, “the general,” (Mathews 656.h.13)] “ike

jangjun tenggeri,” (Pentagot dictionary, 17445, p. 998); the Chinese asterism

tiandajiangjun/t’ien-ta-chiang-chün (the great celestial general), (, < and another star in

Andromeda and *, ,, ( and another star in Triangulum; ( Andromeda represented the Great

celestial general (Schlegel 1967: 339; Staal 1984: 55; Allen, 1963: 416; Ho 1966: 89); Tib.

tsan-kun (TEDP, 122-126): janggün, 9v, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r; janggün

doron-a 8r; sanggün umar-a 19r.

Jayitari/Èayitari/Jayitar [S. Citrâ]; one of the nakshatra: Jayitari 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 21r, 37v, 52r, 59r, 59v, 60v/Èayitari 19v; Èa(-un kürdün-

dür qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi ¯il-ün terigün bol(a¯u 3r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un

kürdüèin-dür qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 10r; Jayitari na(šidar 28r; o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r; usun galab bol(a(èi Jayitari bui 33r; miqaèi ¯a(an Jayitari buyu

1184
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

34r; Ašivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar

key-yin èinar bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al

bui 61r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v; debel qubèasun

eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v; em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü

[. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 56r; Kerteg Margašar Èayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v;

Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

®i(asun-u ger the house of the fish; Pisces; a sign of the zodiac: naran ®i(asun-u ger-dür

oro(san-u tula usun-dur qamu( ¯i(asun güimüi 9r.

¯un-u nara bayiqu the summer solstice: ¯un-u nara bayiqu 6v; ¯un-u naran bayiqu èa(

12r.

kem limit; measure: edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r.

Kerteg [S. Krttikâ]; the Pleiades; one of the nakshatra: Kerteg 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 34r, 37r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 53r, 55v,

56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun eèüs Kerteg

sar-a 17r; Kerteg na(šidar 17r, 25r, 32v.

kirtü- to be eclipsed, e.g., the sun or moon: nara sara kirtübesü 25v.

köke luu [Ch. Canglong/ Ts’ang-lung (Mathews 6714, 4258)]; the Blue dragon (49r, 49r,

49r); refers to the Blue Dragon of spring, which together with the White Tiger of autumn

(èa(an baras) , the Red Bird of summer (ula(an ša¯a(ai) and the Black Tortoise of winter

(qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf. Stall's Stars of Jade,

passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 113-119).

1185
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

köke luu-yin köl the foot of the blue dragon; refers to the third Chinese lunar mansion (Ch.

di/ti (Mathews 6187) “foundation”); it lies at the end of the eastern spring palace, the Blue

Dragon, comprising four stars (Schlegel 1967: 102): köke luu-yin köl-dür mör (arbasu ma(u

49r.

köke luu-yin niru(un the back of the blue dragon; refers to the second Chinese lunar

mansion (Ch. gang/kang (Mathews 3273) “throat”); it lies in the midst of the eastern spring

palace, the Blue Dragon, and comprises four stars (Schlegel 1967: 93): köke luu-yin niru(un-

tur mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

köke luu-yin terigün the head of the blue dragon; refers to the first Chinese lunar mansion

(Ch. jiao/chiao (Mathews 1174) “horn”); it lies at the head of the eastern spring palace, the

Blue Dragon, comprising two stars, " and . Virgo (Schlegel 1967: 87): köke luu-yin terigün-

dür mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

küèün tegüs powerful and full; refers to a celestial body’s passing mid-heaven, the point

were the meridian cuts the ecliptic: küèün tegüs 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 19v; küèün tegüs-ün

èa( 22v, 23r; Naran odun küèün tegüs-ün èa( 21v; küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui

46r.

luu-yin qutu( dragon’s bliss; this likely refers to the Chinese asterism tianfu/t’ien-fu

(Mathews 6359, 1978) “celestial bliss” comprising two stars, perhaps 3 Scorpii and 8 Librae;

the association with the dragon lies in that it is located in the palace of the Blue Dragon of

Spring: luu-yin qutu( mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

1186
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Luuq-a odun [S. Râhu; Tib. gza’chen; Ch. Luohou (Mathews 4099, 2142; Soothill and

Hodous, 472a)]; the Luuq-a star; the eighth day of the week; Râhu, after Chinese

transcription, Luo hou; in Hindu astronomy Râhu is the ascending node, where the moon

moves to the north of the sun’s path; its complement, Ketu, is the descending node where the

moon moves to the south; the nodes complete one revolution in just over 18½ years; in Hindu

mythology Râhu is a demon who devours the sun or moon at eclipses; in Hindu astrology,

Râhu and Ketu are added to the seven bodies of the week, making the week nine days long;

by the 8th century A.D. Râhu and Ketu were names of the nodes in China (luohou and jizi

[Stone 1981: 25-36]); cf. also Burgess 1859: 194; MMAD, 32, n. 87; ODT, 94; Cornu 1997:

144; Indian Râhu and Ketu have an antecedent in Babylonian Tiamat, the dragon, that

stretched across the heavens, her head and her tail on the equator at opposite ends of a

diameter (Tester, 1987: 121): Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar kei bui 45v.

manda- to rise, of the sun: naran mandaqui-dur 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42v, 42v.

Margišar [S. Mrgaúirâs]; one of the nakshatra: Margišar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v, 60v; Banjar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi

3r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün terigün Margišar sar-a 18r; Margišar na(šidar;

o(tar(ui-tur Margišar na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 18r; Margišar na(šidar kemebesü a(ui yeke

na(šidar bui 25v; qan kümün-i ür-e-yi alda(ulu(èi Margišar buyu 33v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Margišar qoyar 45r;

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun

1187
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Margišar qoyar 45r; Ašivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden

modun bui 61r; Margašar Ardar qoyar qonin edür uèarabasu ma(u 46v; basa mör (arqu

edürün sayin kemebesü Margašar [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin

inu [. . .] Margašar [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Margišar [.

. .] sayin 51r; Margišar [. . .] beri ba(ul(aqu-du sayin 53r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü

[. . .] Margašar [. . .]sayin 55v; em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .]Margašar [. . .]

sayin 56r; bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu. [. . .]Margasar [.

. .]sayin 56v; Kerteg Margašar Èayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v; Margašar Asli(

Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r; Margašar-dur

amu(ulang nuta bolumui 37v.

maši ¯okilan obo( the eminently accommodating clan: Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad

Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

maši tübšin obo( the eminently just clan: Mig Burvasad Burvabadaribad Barani eden

maši tübšin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

Matar-un ger [S. makara]; the house of the sea monster/crocodile; a sign of the zodiac =

Capricorn, The Goat; in the ancient Babylonian zodiac was a constellation of a mythological

creature, suhur.máš ( the goat-fish [Koch-Westenholz, 1995: 164]); the Greeks in borrowing

the Babylonian zodiac created a mythological goat that we know as Capricorn; Hindus,

however, in borrowing the Babylonian zodiac, went the other way and created a mythological

1188
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

fish or sea-monster (S. makara, Mong. matar [Schlegel 1967: 1967: 664]): naran Matar-un

ger-dür oro(san 19r.

meküs weak; one of the terms of the horoscope, i.e. the ascendent: meküs 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v; tere gara( tegüs inu sayin. meküs inu dumda ebderekü ba(uram qoyar-du aliba üiles

ülü üiledkü 24v; ge¯ige-dür meküs dumda 52v.

Mig [S. Mâgha]; one of the nakshatra: Mig 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37r, 37r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 48v, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v,

61v; Mig na(šidar 27r; Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 2r, 8r; Mig sara ebesün-ü ündüsün

kökemüi 2r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u 2r, 3r; Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras

sar-a bol(a¯u 2v; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün eèüs Mig sara 8r; takir no(èi

kümün-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(èi Mig buyu 33v; èo(tu yeke ¯a(an Mig buyu 34r; Mi<n>g

Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvad’i eden (al bui 61r.

mör tögerekü perturbation: nara sara mör tögerekü 4r.

Mul [S. Mûla]; one of the nakshatra: Mul 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 53r, 56r, 59r, 59v; Mul na(šidar kemebesü alban-u [=albin-u]

na(šidar bui 29v; ügegüü kümün-i bayan bol(a(èi Mul buyu 33v; yerü ür-e tasulu(èi Mul

buyu 34r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]

Mul [. . .] sayin 37v; [. . .] Mul [. . .] odun edür qutu( oroši(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad

1189
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v; Mul Abiji qoyar-du ¯arli( nom medekü bolumui 37v; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .] Usun odun Mul qoyar 45r;

šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür inu. Naran odun Mul qoyar 45r; Sadabis Udaribadaribad

Rivadi Burvasad Mul As’li( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Anurad

Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü

[. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu [. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin

48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Mul [. . .] odun sayin 51r; Burvabalguni

Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui. üiles bügüde-dü ma(u kememüi 60v; dörben tan odun

kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar. 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul

eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

naiman öber-ün odun the personal nakshatra: naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü Ardar

Burnavasu qoyar Qasta Jayitar qoyar. Anurad Tanisa qoyar. Sadabis Burvabadaribad qoyar

bui 60v.

na(šidar [S. nakshatra]; lunar mansion; there are twenty-eight; for a list of nakshatra

names in Mongolian, Tibetan and Sanskrit, see RRS, 671; for the Uygur stars of the

nakshatra, cf. Rachmati, 299-301; for correspondence of Hindu, Arab and Chinese systems,

cf. Burgess 1859: 344; for lists of stars in Hindu, Arab and Chinese asterisms, cf. Burgess

1859: 468; for nakshatra as months, cf. Burgess 1859: 174; for nakshatra star lore, cf.

Burgess 1859: 324-365; for the 28 asterisms in Tibet, cf. Cornu 1997: 131; na(šidar 56v; Bus

na(šidar 2v; na(šidar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v; edür-ün (ada(adu na(šidar 3v; mar(ada-

1190
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

yin (ada(adu na(šidar 3v; odun na(šidar 4r, 37v, 42r, 46r; nidün-iyen odun na(šidar-i

nasuda šin¯ileküi kereg 4v; odun na(šidar uèirabasu 37v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu(

oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral

bolumui 45r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui 45r; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui 45r; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar

¯okiyasu(ai 45r; ede odun na(šidar tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯e 52r; öber öber nidün-iyer na(šidar

kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyalduquy-yi sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r; sar-a-yi ali na(šidar inu ekilekü

degürkü ba. bara(daqui medekü kereg 4v; isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür

kemekü na(šidar bui 25r; ra(šas-un sünesün na(šidar bui 25v; Margišar na(šidar kemebesü

a(ui yeke na(šidar bui 25v; tngri kümün èidköd (urba(ula èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar bui 26r;

biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(šidar 26r; Burnavasu na(šidar kemebesü uru(

tasura(san na(šidar kemeyü 26r; ¯i(ulèin kümün mör (arqu na(šidar bui 26v; Bus na(šidar

kemebesü tegüs öl¯eyitü na(šidar bui 26v; önüèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu

na(šidar bui 27r; (ürban qula(ayièi ¯öbleldüküi na(šidar bui 27r; Mig na(šidar kemebesü

süke-dür adali bui 27r; albin salm-a-bar küliküi na(šidar bui 27v; Burvabalguni na(šidar

kemebesü ra(èis-un qo(olai metü na(šidar 27v; ariyatan-u sünesün na(šidar kemeyü ula(an

¯ögebüri qaškiraqu kemeyü 27v; Udaribalguni na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün na(šidar

kemeyü 27v; qurim dotor-a kešig tasulqu na(šidar kemeyü 28r; Qasta na(šidar kemebesü

qurdun yabu(èi na(šidar kemeyü 28r; erlig-ün èinu-a güikü na(šidar kemeyü 28r; Savadai

1191
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

na(šidar kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi na(šidar 28v; tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un

o(talda(san na(šidar kemeyü 28v; Šuša( na(šidar kemebesü (ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar

bui 29r; ada todqor èi(ul'qu-yin na(šidar kemeyü 29r; emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un dolo(an

na(šidar anu tegüsbe 29r; belbesün em-e kümün bükü (a¯ar bariqu na(šidar kemeyü 29v;

Èista na(šidar kemebesü šim[n]us-un na(šidar bui 29v; do(šid-un sedkil (angqui na(šidar

kemeyü 29v; Mul na(šidar kemebesü alban-u na(šidar bui 29v; quya( emüs'küi na(šidar

kemeyü 30r; Burvasad na(šidar kemebesü erketen-ü na(šidar bui 30r; tüšimed erdeni bolqu

na(šidar bui 30v; Abiji na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün na(šidar bui 30v; ükül-ün na(šidar

bui 30v; Širvan na(šidar kemebesü basar belèid-ün na(šidar bui 30v; emegen-ü sünesün

na(šidar 31v; Barani na(šidar kemebesü tul(-a-yin (urban köl metü bui 32r; umara ¯üg-ün

usun-u dolo(an na(šidar tegüsbe 32r; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede

dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul

Asali( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Kerteg Barani

Šuša(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v;

Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin

èinar bui 45v; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin

56v; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui 60v; na(šidar-a na(šidar-a i¯a(ur obo(-iyar

il(abasu 61r; tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v; tegüni qošiyad

qošiyad qono(-un odun na(šidar-<y>i to(alaqu ügei 3v; aliba odun na(šidar-<y>i endegüre¯ü

ese medebesü 4v; odun na(šidar-i ülü medekü bögesü tegüni medeküi ar(-a inu 4v; edür-ün

odu-yi medebesü na(šidar-<y>i tegüber medekü bolai 5r; na(šidar-<y>i e¯ilekü-yin ner-e ene

1192
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bui 59r; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu 60v; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i tabun

maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r; Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 2r, 8r; Udaribalguni na(šidar-iyar

ör geyimü 9r; Jayitari na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r; Šuša( na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r; Èista

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r; Burvasad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 13r; Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör

geyimü 14r; Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r; Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü

16r; Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 17r; Margišar na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 18r; Bus na(šidar-

iyar ör geyimü 19r; Sümber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ekilen 32v; qorin

naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u uèaral-un sayin ma(u-i üjekü

kürdün ene bui 21r; na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v;

Bus na(šidar-tu törü¯ügüi 2r; Kerteg na(šidar-tur burqan takibasu 25r; Rôkini na(šidar-tur

šin-e debel abubasu 25r; Ardar na(šidar-tur burqan bütügebesü 26r; Asli( na(šidar-tur eliy-e

üldebesü 27r; Jayitari na(šidar-tur šim[n]us bütügebesü 28r; Anurad na(šidar-tur mör

(arbasu 29r; Udarisad na(šidar-tur burqan-i takibasu 30r; Tanista na(šidar-tur mör (arbasu

31r; Sadabis na(šidar-tur aliba ol¯a eribesü 31r; Burvabadaribad na(šidar-tur beri

ba(ul(abasu 31r; Udarbadaribad na(šidar-tur subur(-a bosqabasu 31v; Rivadai na(šidar-tur

ger baribasu 31v; Ašuvani na(šidar-tur šin-e debel ¯okiyabasu 32r; odun na(šidar-un kürdün

2r; odun ba na(šidar-un uèaral 2v; yerü Suša( sar-a terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-

un neres-iyer nereyidkü 3r; qorin naiman na(šidar-un yabudal 24v; doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u

dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r; na(šidar-un sayin 37v; gara(-ud kiged na(šidar-un

sayin ma(u uèaral-yi eyin uqa(daqui 45v; na(šidarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r; beri-yi

ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui 52r; na(šidar-un ner-e 59r; na(šidar-un ner-e odun-

1193
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

u to(-a bui düri ba maqabud ene bui 59v; Enedk[e]g-ün keleber. na(šidar-a sam-a yokibani

32r.

nara(n) sun: nara(n) 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 37v, 38r; nara urbaqui 2v; nara urba(san-aèa

(urban sar-a bolu(ad edür söni saèu(uu bolumui 5v; Banjar dakini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi

3r; ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r; nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a ¯üg odqui 3r; nara emüneši

odqui ba. umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( tasuraqui 3v; nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg

urba¯u 5v; nara emüneši odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu nigen ¯il bolumui 5v; nara

emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin

(a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r;

nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder

ügei bolumui 6r; naran umara ¯üg odqui ¯ir(u(an sara sayin bui 37v; nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende

qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i

edür 6r; basa düng¯i bolbasu ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe qoyin-a edür ulam urtudumui 6r;

¯un-u nara bayiqu egün-eèe qoyin-a ulam urtuddumui 6v; ¯un-u naran bayiqu èa( 12r; nara

oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v; nara sara 55r; èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara

mör tögerekü 4r; nara sara kirtübesü yeke ¯ud bolumui 25v; nara sara ükübesü 27r, 32r; nara

sara kiged isün gara( ba. èa( möèe-yi bari(èi (uèin qoyar okin tngri 32v; ginggang kemebesü

nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( kememüi 42v; nara ur(u- 42r, 42v; nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e 6r;

luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r; èereg mordobasu naran ur(uqui èa(-tur morda 21v;

qubi sarayin arban dörben nara ur(uqui èa(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü

1194
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

èi(ulumui 38r; qara šingpüng güiküi anu. qubi sarayin Baras beèin edür nara ur(u(san

qoyin-a güimüi 42r; nara šingge- 42r; nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a

kümün-ü öngge tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; Naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e

ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; isün sarayin

naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur

èi(ulumui 38v; arban sarayin arban dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e ya(šas-un ayima(-

iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-

un] qariqui inu qubi sarayin arban dolo(an arban isün-e nara šinggeküi-dür qarimui 39r; qoyar

sarayin nigen šin-e qorin naiman-a nara šinggeküi-tür qarimui 39r; nara mandu- 40r, 40r, 40r,

42v, 42v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud qad-

iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; tabun sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a nara manduqui-dur qarimui

39r; isün sarayin qoyar šin-e nara manduqui-dur qarimui 39r; nara Qumqan-u ger-dür

oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r; naran ®i(asun-u ger-dür oro(san-u

tula usun-dur qamu( ¯i(asun güimüi 9r; nara Qonin-u gertür oro(san-u tula qonin èa(-iyar

qura(alamui 10r; nara Üker-ün ger-dür oro(san-u tula üker qurièaqui sar-a bui 11r; naran

Qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula. yirtinèü-yin qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r;

Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gerdür naran oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-dür meneki-yin da(un

kögemei bolumui 13r; naran Arsalan-u gerdür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki arsalan quraèimui

14r; naran Okin-u gerdür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki<n> okid üjügürkeküi èa( bui 15r; naran

Èinglegüür-ün gertür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-deki dusul terigüten-i èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi

16r; naran Tiler-ün gerdür oro(sun-u tula. yirtinèü-deki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa(

1195
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

17r; naran Numun-u gertür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-teki numun qata(uu küèütü bolumui 18r;

naran Matar-un ger-dür oro(san-u tula matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; ula(an nara 39v;

qariqui edürün beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r; šim[n]us-i ila(u(san edürün belge inu qara nara

bui 20r; na(šidar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v.

nara ba(u- the sun declines, i.e., at the solstices: Banjar dakini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi

3r; ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r.

nara bayiqu lit. “the sun stops”; the solstice, i.e., the time when the sun stops and reverses

its direction; it is a time for cutting days from the calendar; other Mongolian terms for the

solstices are nara buèaqu edür, "the day the sun returns", and nara jo(sulta edür, "the day the

sun stops". nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; nara emüneši odqui

eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür 6r; basa düng¯i bolbasu ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe

qoyin-a edür ulam urtudumui 6r.

nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a ¯üg odqui [S. ayana “progress”; uttarâyana “northern

progress”; dakshinâyana “southern progress”]; the progress of the sun to the south and the

progress of the sun to the north, i.e. the tropical year, marking the sun’s path from solstice to

solstice; see Burgess 1859: 247, 249; Stone 1981: 52-54, 187-188; nara emüneši odqui ba.

umar-a ¯üg odqui 3r; nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( tasuraqui

3v; nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg urba¯u 5v; nara emüneši odqui ba umar-a odqu anu

da(usbasu nigen ¯il bolumui 5v; nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür

1196
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü dolo(an qubi-du modun-u

següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür

düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r; naran umara ¯üg odqui ¯ir(u(an sara

sayin bui 37v.

nara mandu- the sun rises: 40r, 40r, 40r, 42v, 42v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-

a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; tabun sarayin

arban ¯ir(u(an-a nara manduqui-dur qarimui 39r; isün sarayin qoyar šin-e nara manduqui-dur

qarimui 39r.

Nara(n) odun the Sun star, i.e., Sunday: 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 21v, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r,

56r, 56v, 56v; Naran odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara( kememü (al èinar bui 21v.

nara šingge- the sun sets: 42r; nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü

öngge tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; Naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e ya(šas-

un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; isün sarayin naiman

šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui

38v; arban sarayin arban dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e ya(šas-un ayima(-iyar

küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-un]

qariqui inu qubi sarayin arban dolo(an arban isün-e nara šinggeküi-dür qarimui 39r; qoyar

sarayin nigen šin-e qorin naiman-a nara šinggeküi-tür qarimui 39r.

1197
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

nara urba- the sun changes direction, i.e., at the solstices: nara urbaqui 2v; nara urba(san-

aèa (urban sar-a bolu(ad edür söni saèu(uu bolumui 5v.

nara ur(u- sunrise: 42r, 42v; nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e 6r; luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara

ur(umui 8r; èereg mordobasu naran ur(uqui èa(-tur morda 21v; qubi sarayin arban dörben

nara ur(uqui èa(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38r; qara šingpüng

güiküi anu. qubi sarayin Baras beèin edür nara ur(u(san qoyin-a güimüi 42r.

Numun-u ger the house of the bow; Sagittarius; the 11th sign of the zodiac: naran Numun-

u gertür oro(san 18r.

odu(n) star: odun 37v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 51r, 53r, 56r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 61r; odun na(šidar-un kürdün 2r; odun ba na(šidar-un uèaral 2v; nara urbaqui odun 2v;

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v; qošiyad qošiyad qono(-un odun

na(šidar-yi to(alaqu ügei 3v;saban sara-dur odun na(šidar ü¯eküi 4r; nidün-iyen odun

na(šidar-i nasuda šin¯ileküi kereg 4v; aliba odun na(šidar-yi endegüre¯ü ese medebesü 4v;

odun na(šidar-i ülü medekü 4v; Široi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 24r, 24r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 48v, 52r, 56r; Naran odun

4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21v, 21v, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

1198
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

45r, 45r, 45r, 52r; Sara(n) odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22r,

22r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 48v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 56r; 'al odun 4v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 48v, 52r, 56r; Usun odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r;

Modun odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23r, 23r, 32v, 43r,

44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 56v; Altan odun

4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r; odun gara(-lu(-a tegüs<s>ügsen-e mörgümüi 32r; minu

odun ali bui 32v; yabuqui odun 32v; okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v; Sümber

a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi odun 32v; dumda büküi-yi to(orin yabu(èi odun 32v; a(ula-yin

1199
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

door-a to(orin yabu(èi odun 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun

kiged Vim-a neretü qoyar odun bui 32v; Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi <m>odun mön

uridu qoyar odun terigülen ¯ir(u(an qadu(ur odun ba. tngri-yin noqai ba. Modun odun kiged

orgil-iyar to(orimui 32v; Sümber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ekilen qorin

naiman odun ba. nara sara kiged isün gara( ba. èa( möèe-yi bari(èi (uèin qoyar okin tngri

ba. yeke öèüken odun bügüde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v; öèüken ¯il-lu(-a ni¯iged odun bui

33r; arban tabun odun bügüde door-a to(orimui 33r; (al-un galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui33r;

usun-u galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; kiy-yin galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen

kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen gegün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r;

nigen üker-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r;

ügegüü kümün-i bayan bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; bayan kümün-i ügegüregülegèi odun ali bui

33r; qurim-dur kešig tasurla(èi odun ali bui 33r; šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i] tüimeriddügèi

odun ali bui 33r; nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; ür-e-ügei

kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; (uyiranèi kümün-dür altan ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali

bui 33r; èi(ul(an-dur ol¯a ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; ma(ui arad-i sayid-un ¯erge-dür

oro(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; qan kümün-i ür-e alda(ula(èi [odun] ali bui 33r; èinu-a-yin

kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ura(ulu(èi odun ali bui

33v; ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33v; ma(ui udusq-a

ma(ui üiles ügegüü duta(uu bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33v; ¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu

34r; odun na(šidar sayin bögesü 37v, 42r, 46r; odun na(šidar uèirabasu 37v; edür-lu(-a odun

qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r; tülegèi odun 44v; odun na(šidar

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui 45r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar

bolumui 45r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui 45r; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü

yosu(ar ¯okiyasu(ai 45r; Luuq-a odun 45v; odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-yi

il(a¯u bièisügei 46r; ¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui

sayin odun 51r; beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui 52r; ede odun na(šidar

tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯e 52r; gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v;

odun gara( 55r; Mul odun 56r; (adquldu(èi tngri-yin egüden odun 59r; bayan kümün-i

ügeyiregülügèi odun 59r; šilu(un ön<e>gge ¯ögelen odun 59r; usun-dur alda(san šimnus-un

odun 59r; ¯i(ulèin mör türidkegèi odun 59r; (anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in odun 59r; öröne

umara-yin ši¯im odun 59r; albin-u tegermeèi odun 59r; qaškirqui èögebüri odun 59r; üküger

qara ¯arudasun odun 59r; (altu tor(on ergiküi Modun odun 59r; bu(u-yin eber-ün a(ui odun

59r; bütügèi odun 59r; küü sang bari(èi odun 59r; nigen em-e yisün er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r;

tngri-yin šijim odun 59r; qan kümün törü¯ü ükükü odun 59r; dolo(an öl¯eyitü bayan odun 59r;

dörbel¯in küri odun 59r; da(ulaèi önöèin odun 59r; ila(un daru(da(èi odun 59r; görögeèin

šimnus-un odun 59r; miqaèi èögebüri-yin odun 59r; yeke sun-a odun 59r; miqaèi ¯a(an odun

59r; ür-e tasulu(èi odun 59r; nigen kümün ki¯a(ar dayisun daru(èi odun 59r; abu(èi eliy-e

odun 59r; odun erdem-yi to(olabasu 60v; Rôkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis keš[i]g-ün

odun bui 60v; Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui 60v; Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad

1201
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bütügekü-yin odun bui 60v; Burvabalguni Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui 60v;

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-ün odun bui 60v; Šuša( Ašuvani Mig

Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; Kerteg Margašar Èayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui

60v; öber-ün odun 60v; dörben ür-e tasura(san odun 61r; dörben tan odun 61r; dörben

belbesün odun 61r; eden dörben odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r; eden dörben odun

èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r; eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v; eden

odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v; ede (urban odun-aèa busu inu ma(u 56v;

¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun-dur mese buu barii 33v; ede sayin odun-dur šitügen-dür qutu(

oroši(ulbasu 38r; Nara odun-dur ed mal qorom¯i bolqu 56r; öber-ün törögsen odun-dur ya(un

buu üiled 56r; Naran odun-dur gegen oyutu bolumui 56v; Altan odun-dur tusa yeke bolqu

56v; dörben terigün odun-dur adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v; dörben eèüs odun-dur qutu( ülü

oroši(ulqu bui 61v; odun-i 50v; ede belges-lu(-a tokiyaldu(ul¯u edür-ün odun-i medekü bolai

5r; qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u 21r; dolo(an odun-i

ünen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui 24v; Modun odun-iyar uduridu(ad 2r; Široi odun-iyar

ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi 2v;

na(šidarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r; Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür 2v;

¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu üsün düyilü(èi tong(ori(-dur adali 25r; tabun odun-u düri inu

tergen-ü kürdün metü bui 25v; (urban odun-u düri inü görögesün-ü terigün metü bui 26r; isün

odun-u düri inu. kirüge-metü bui 26r; (urban odun-u düri inu. tul(-a-yin modun metü bui

26v; (urban odun düri inu kir(a(ul metü bui 27r; ¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu mo(ay-yin

terigün metü bui 27r; ¯ir(u(an odun düri inu qoši(u metü bui 27v; qoyar odun-u düri inu

1202
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qulu(an-a metü bui 27v; qoyar odun-u düri inu ildün metü bui 28r; tabun odun-u düri inu (ar

metü bui 28r; nigen odun-u düri inu bata metü bui 28v; dörben odun-u düri inu jindamuni

metü bui 28v; dörben odun-u düri a(ula metü 29r; ¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün

metü bui 29v; (urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan metü bui 29v; (urban odun-u düri inu

görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün metü 30r; dörben odun-u düri inu segül metü bui 30r; tabun

odun-u düri inu ¯a(an metü bui 30v; dörben odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v;

(urban odun[-u] düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui 31r; dörben odun-u düri vaèir metü bui

31r; qoyar odun-u düri inu ürgül¯i seèig metü bui 31r; qoyar odun-u düri inu tergen metü bui

31v; qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v; (uèin qoyar odun düri inu

ong(uèa metü bui 31v; (urban odun[-u] düri inu morin terigün metü bui 32r; (urban odun-u

düri inu lingquu-a metü bui 32r; odun-u terigün ali bui 33r; gara( odun-u sayin 38r; edür-ün

odun-u sayin uèiral 38r; odun-u sayin-i edür-iyer il(ayu 46r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu

¯üg-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v; na(šidar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a bui düri ba maqabud

ene bui 59v; edür-ün odu-yi medebesü na(šidar-yi tegüber medekü bolai 5r.

o(tar(ui sky; firmament: (a¯ar-un sünesü anu. Baras Mo(ai Beèin 'aqai edür-e o(tar(ui-

du amui 58v; o(tar(ui-dur Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 8r; o(tar(ui-tur Udaribalguni

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 9r; o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r; o(tar(ui-dur

Šuša( na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r; o(tar(ui-dur Èista na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r; o(tar(ui-

dur Burvasad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 13r; o(tar(ui-dur Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 14r;

o(tar(ui-dur Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r; šir(ol¯i terigüten amitan degde¯ü

o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r; o(tar(ui-dur Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 16r; o(tar(ui-dur

1203
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 17r; o(tar(ui-tur Margišar na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 18r;

o(tar(ui-dur Bus na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 19r; o(tar(uy-yi egülen bürkü¯ü 4v.

Okin-u ger the house of the maiden; Virgo; the 8th sign of the zodiac: naran Okin-u gerdür

oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki<n> okid üjügürkeküi èa( bui 15r.

ordo [Ch. gong “palace”]; palace; a division of the sky; in Chinese astrology there are four

main palaces dividing the heavens along the equatorial circle, the Blue Dragon of spring in

the east (Mong. köke luu), the Red Bird of summer in the south (Mong. ula(an ša¯a(ai) the

White Tiger of autumn in the west (Mong. èa(an baras) and the Black Tortoise of winter in

the north (Mong. qara yasutu menekei); in addition to these four seasonal palaces, the sky is

divided in other ways as well: into outer, middle and inner rings (as it was in India and ancient

Babylon as well); into nine palaces (Ch. jiugong), one for each of the cardinal and ordinal

directions plus the center; as well as into thirteen palaces, representing the twelve earthly

branches or zodiacal twelve-fold division of the sky, plus the center; cf. Needham 1959: 240-

243; Smith, Richard, Chinese Almanacs, 1992: 11-12, 31; for the term (ordu) in the Uygur

Turfan texts, see Rachmati, 399; doto(adu ordo mör (arbasu sayin 49r; altan ordo mör

(arbasu sayin 49r; tngri-yin ordo-dur mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

oro(n) place, land, house, i.e. of the sun: nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono(

sa(umui 3v; naran qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula 12r.

öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar the eight fortunate nakshatra: qorin naiman

na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui. dorona Margasar Bus qoyar

1204
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

emüne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar. örön-e Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar. umara

Udaribadaribad kiged Ašivani qoyar 60v.

ör dawn: ör geyi- 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 42r, 42v; Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 2r, 8r;

Udaribalguni na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 9r; Jayitari na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r; Šuša(

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r; Èista na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r; Burvasad na(šidar-iyar ör

geyimü 13r; Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 14r; Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r;

Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 16r; Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 17r; Margišar na(šidar-

iyar ör geyimü 18r; Bus na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 19r.

Qamtudquy-yin ger the house of union; Gemini; the Twins; the fifth sign of the zodiac:

naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula. yirtinèü-yin qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil

törömüi 12r.

qara yasutu meneki the black-shelled turtle; the Black Tortoise of winter, which, together

with the Blue Dragon of spring (köke luu), the White Tiger of autumn (èa(an baras), and the

Red Bird of summer (ula(an ša¯a(ai), make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf. Stall's Stars

of Jade, passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 113-119): qara yasutu

meneki mör [(arbasu] ma(u 49r.

Qasta [S. Hasta]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Qasta 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 46v, 53r, 59r, 59v; Qasta na(šidar kemebesü qurdun

yabu(èi na(šidar kemeyü 28r; ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un ¯erge-düroro(ulu(èi Qasta buyu 33v;

Vim-a neretü qatun Qasta buyu 34r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral

bolai. Naran odun Qasta qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu(

1205
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui. Naran odun Qasta qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. Široi odun Qasta qoyar 45r; Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar

Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v; Mi<n>g

Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qasta<n> Jayitar[i] Suvadai eden (al bui 61r; mör (arqu

edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 48v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Qasta

[. . .] sayin 48v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 55v; em

neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 56r; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista

Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin 56v; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta

Abiji erlig-ün odun bui 60v; naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü [. . .] Qasta Jayitar qoyar [. . .]

60v; Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r.

qata(uu do(šin obo( the severe and fearsome clan: Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden

dörben odun qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

Qonin-u ger the house of the Ram; Aries; the 3rd sign of the zodiac: nara Qonin-u gertür

oro(san 10r.

qono( day; the smallest unit of natural time = 24 hours: qono( tasura- 3r, 3r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v;

¯ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu inu 3r; ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r; ¯ir(u(an

okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono(ügei bui 3r; tegüber ¯ir(u(an qono( tasuramui 3r;

nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; qaburun terigün Baras sar-a-

dur (uèin qono( bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3r; Luu sara-dur (uèin qono( bui

3v; Morin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3v; Beèin sara-dur

(uèin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono(

1206
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bui 3v; usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal 3v; qono( tasura(san ¯ir(u(an sar-a-yi šin-e-

dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu qa(uèin-dur tasuraqu 3v; edür qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v;

umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( tasuraqui 3v; ilede qono( tasuraqu busu 3v; nara oron-

ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v; (uèin qubi nigen qono( 5r; (uèin qono( nigen

sar-a 5r; ¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v; (uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a

bolumui 5v; ebülün dumdadu sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-aèa ekilen to(ala¯u ¯ir(u(an sar-a büged

¯ir(u(an qono( bolbasu nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg urba¯u 5v; nigen qono(-i ¯a(un möèi

bol(an 6r; isün qono(-tu oldayu 23r; ¯a(u qono(-du tüimer šitaqu 60r; ¯a(u qono(-du ükükü

60r; ¯arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r; qono(-un (urban ¯üil 2r;

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v; qošiyad qošiyad qono(-un odun

na(šidar-<y>i to(alaqu ügei 3v.

qono(-un (urban ¯üil the three kinds of day, i.e., 1. the zodiac or sidereal day (Tib.

khyim-zhag), the time it takes the sun to progress on out of 360 degrees of the zodiac or the

movement of the sun across the celestial meridian; there are 360 such days in a year; this is

the longest type of day; 2. the doin, the solar or natural day (Tib. nyin-zhag), the period from

dawn to dawn; there are 365 such days per year; 3. the date or lunar day (tshes-zhag), the

period of time it takes the moon to travel one-thirtieth the distance between new moon

positions in each successive sign of the zodiac; there are 375 lunar days in a year; this is the

shortest type of day; see Berzin, 20-21; Schuh, 84; the three kinds of day derive from three

incommensurate cycles in nature: 1. the doin or solar day; 2. the lunation; 3. the sidereal year;

1207
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

the three kinds of day is found in Tibetan and Hindu systems as well; qono(-un (urban ¯üil

2r.

qu(us equinox: qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i

èigerle.59r.

Qumqan-u ger The house of the pitcher; the first sign of the zodiac = Aquarius; nara

Qumqan-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r.

Rivadi/Rivad’i [S. Revatî]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Rivadi 9v, 10v, 12v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 59r, 59v/Rivad’i 8v, 11v, 21v; Rivad’i na(šidar 31v; nigen bitegüü

tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi Rivad'i buyu 33v; šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i](al-dur

tüimeriddügèi Rivadi buyu 33v; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Rivadi
ede sayin 37v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul As’li( Širvan ede dolo(an

na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Pus Suvadi Rivad’i Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu

kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani

eden usun bui 61r; em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Rivadi [. . .] sayin 56r; dörben

tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r; Margašar Asli( Jayitar

Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

Rôkini/Rokini [S. Rohinî]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Rôkini 10v, 11v,

16v/Rôkini 8v, 9v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59r;

Rôkini na(šidar 25r; nigen üker-<y>i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Rôkini buyu 33v; bayan kümün-i

ügegürigülügèi Rôkini buyu 33v; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]

1208
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Rôkini [. . .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] sayin 37v; na(šidar-un sayin inu [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] odun edür

qutu( oroši(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Široi odun Rôkini

qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .] Altan odun

Rôkini qoyar 45r; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar

široy-yin èinar bui 45v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü Rôkini [. . .] odun sayin 51r;

tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü Rôkini [. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün

sayin [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] sayin 55v; Rôkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis keš[i]g-ün odun bui

60v; Rôkini-tur busud-i ilaqui 37v.

Sadabis [S. Úatabhisaj]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Sadabis 8v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Sadabis na(šidar 31r; qota

bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 37r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba

noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Sadabis sayin 37r; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] 'al odun Sadabis qoyar 45r; Sadabis

Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui

45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden usun bui 61r; èireg

mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 48v; Rôkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis

keš[i]g-ün odun bui. ed mal ülü (ar(amui 60v; naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü [. . .] Sadabis
Burvabadaribad qoyar bui 61r; Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü

tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v.

1209
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sang quriyang(ui treasure collection; perhaps this refers to the Chinese constellation

gulou/ku-lou (Mathews 3496, 4143), “the treasury,” comprising ten stars in the lower center

of Virgo (Schlegel 1967: 1967: 136): sangquriyang(ui mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

sar-a/sara(n) 1. moon; 2. month; 3. Monday: sara/sar-a 6v, 8r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r;

šineleküi sara 2r; qaburun terigün sar-a 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r; Mig sara 2r; Baras sar-a/sara 2v, 8r, 8r,

58v; Qubi sara 2v, 8r, 8r, 37r, 37r; Bus sar-a 3r; Suša( sar-a 3r; saban sar-a 3r, 3r, 3v, 4r, 5r,

5v, 6v, 6v, 7r; arban qoyar sara 3r; qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r; ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 4r,

11r, 12r, 13r; namurun dumdadu sara 4r, 14r, 15r; ebülün dumdadu sara 4r; sara degürküi

bara(daqui-yi medegdeküi 4r; èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara mör tögerekü 4r; ¯il sara möèi-yin

a(ur ¯okiramui 4r; Sara(n) odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 22r, 22r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45v, 45v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v; edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u

5r; (uèin qono( nigen sar-a 5r; (uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v; arban qoyar sar-

a nigen ¯il 5r; [arban] qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v; ¯ir(u(an sar-a 5v;

nara urba(san-aèa (urban sar-a bolu(ad 5v; arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an

öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u 6v; aliba sara saban bögesü tere sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin

qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v; bing baras sara 7v; uu baras sara 7v; king baras sara 7v; šim baras

sara 7v; ¯a baras sara 7v; ding taulai sara 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; šin taulai sara 7v; küi taulai

sara 7v; ii taulai sara 7v; uu luu sara 7v; king luu sara 7v; šim luu sara 7v; ¯a luu sara 7v; bing

1210
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

luu sara 7v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; šin mo(ai sara 7v; küi mo(ai sara 7v; ii mo(ai sara 7v; ding

mo(ai sara 7v; king morin sara 7v; šim morin sara 7v; ¯a morin sara 7v; bing morin sara 7v;

uu morin sara 7v; šin qonin sara 7v; küi qonin sara 7v; ii qonin sara 7v; ding qonin sara 7v;

gii qonin sara 7v; šim beèin sara 7v; ¯a beèin sara 7v; bing beèin sara 7v; uu beèin sara 7v;

king beèin sara 7v; küi takiy-a sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a sara 7v; gi takiy-a sara

7v; šin takiy-a sara 7v; ¯a noqai sara 7v; bing noqai sara 7v; uu noqai sara 7v; king noqai sara

7v; šim noqai sara 7v; ii (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; gi (aqai sara 7v; šin (aqai sara 7v;

küi (aqai sara 7v; bing qulu(an-a sara 7v; uu qulu(an-a sara 7v; king qulu(an-a sara 7v; šim

qulu(an-a sara 7v; ¯a qulu(an-a sara 7v; ding üker sara 7v; gi üker sara 7v; šin üker sara 7v;

küi üker sara 7v; ii üker sara 7v; ebülün eèüs Mig sara 8r; yeke rid'i qubil(an ü¯egülügsen

buyan-tu sara bolai 8r; qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r; qaburun eèüs sara 9r; taulai sara

9r, 9r; qoyar sara 9r; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 10r; jun-u terigün sara 10r; qaburun eèüs

sara 10r; luu sara 10r, 10r; (urban sara 10r; qaburun eèüs Šuša( sara 11r; ¯un-u terigün sar-a

11r; mo(ai sar-a 11r, 11r; dörben sar-a 11r; üker qurièaqui sar-a bui 11r; ¯un-u terigün Èista

sar-a 12r; ¯un-u eèüs sara 12r, 13r; tabun sara 12r; morin sara 12r, 12r; namurun terigün sara

13r, 14r; qonin sara 13r, 13r; ¯ir(u(an sara 13r, 37v; ¯un-u eèüs Abiji sara 14r; beèin sar-a

14r, 14r; dolo(an sar-a 14r, 56v [here not name but duration?]; namurun terigün

Burvabadaribad sara 15r; namurun eèüs sar-a 15r, 16r; takiy-a sara 15r, 15r; naiman sara 15r,

37r; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; namurun dumdadu Ašivani sara 16r; ebülün terigün sara 16r, 17r;

noqai sara 16r, 16r; isün sara 16r; namurun eèüs Kerteg sar-a 17r; ebülün dumdadu sar-a 17r,

18r; (aqai sar-a 17r; ebülün terigün Margišar sar-a 18r; ebülün eèüs sar-a 18r, 19r; qulu(an-a

1211
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sar-a/sara 18r, 18r; arban nigen sar-a 18r; ebülün dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r; üker sar-a/sara 19r,

19r, 58v; kögeler-ün sar-a 19r; kögeler sara 38v; ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; doro(ši

qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(san qara sara bui 20v; nara sara 32v; nara sara

kirtübesü 25v; nara sara ükübesü 27r, 32r; nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( 42v; ¯il kiged sar-a

edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r; ügeyiregülügèi sara namurun eèüs ügeyiregülügèi

sar-a bui 41r; ebülün terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r; ebülün dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara

bui 41r; ebülün eèüs ügeyir[e]gülügèi sara bui 41r; namurun terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui

41r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a 42r; ¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u

bièisügei 48r; yeke sara bögesü 51v; sara yeke bögesü 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; ba(-a sara bögesü

51v; sara ba(-a bögesü 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen

ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v; on sara edür èa( möèe 55r; 1 sara 59v; arban nigen sara-aèa tabun sara

kürtel-e sayin 37v; sarada 11r, 15r, 38v, 40r; ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r;

¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r; naiman sarada<n> edür söni

teng kem-iyer 6r; qoyar sarada 9r; (urban sarada 10r; dörben sarada erdem sur(abasu 11r;

¯ir(u(an sarada erkedür oro(ulqui keèiyeküi üiles kiged abišig abubasu 13r; dolo(an sarada

sayitar oroši(ulbasu 14r; naiman sarada èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 15r; isün sarada öèügüken tusa

bütegebesü 16r; arban sarada ¯a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r; arban nigen sarada ed mal

(ada(ši ögbesü 18r; kögeler sarada usun-u üiles üiledbesü 19r; qaburun (urban sarada 42r,

42r; ¯un-u (urban sarada 42r; namurun (urban sarada 42r, 42r; ebülün (urban sarada 42r, 42r;

ede sarada 37v; ede sarada okin-u bey-e- dü ma(u 51r; ede sarada tegši sayin bui 51r; ede

sarada ¯i(uèi-du ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada eèige eke-de ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada qadam eèige

1212
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

eke-de ma(u 51r; ede sarada er-e-dü ma(u bui 51r; qaburun (urban sarada<n> terigün 55r;

¯un-u (urban sarada<n> terigün 55r; namurun (urban sarada terigün 55r; ebülün (urban

sarada terigün 55r; Suša( sar-a arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-un neres-iyer nereyidkü 3r;

qaburun terigün Baras sar-a-dur (uèin qono( bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3r; Luu

sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun ügei-yin tula 3v; Morin sara-

dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei-yin tulada 3v; Beèin sara-dur (uèin

qono( bui 3v; Takiy-a sara-dur arban tabunügei-yin tulada 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uèin qono(

bui 3v; 'aqai sara-dur (uèinügei-yin tulada 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Üker

sara-dur arban tabunügei-yin tulada 3v; saban sara-dur odun na(šidar ü¯eküi bui 4r; ¯arim sar-

a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r; ¯arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur

tasuramui 4r; qoyar sara-dur 6r; taban sara-dur kögerge talbibasu 12r; arban qoyar sara-dur
nigen ¯il 33r; na(šidar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r; saran-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(san 8r; sara(n)-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u belgelemüi 18r, 19r; saran-

lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an 38r; sara-lu(-a edür

qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r; saran-lu(-a edür qamtuddu(san-iyar

gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin 39r; nara sara-lu(-a saèa(u yabumui

55r; sar-a-yi 4r, 10r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u 2r, 3r; Mig sara-yi qaburun

ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u 2v; qaburun terigün Baras sara-yi qubi sara bol(a¯u 2v; Baras Morin

Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi 2v; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi ¯il-ün terigün

bol(a¯u 3r; ¯ir(u(an sar-a-yi šin-e-dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu 3v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu

4r, 4r; saban sar-a-yi ülü meden 4r; sar-a-yi ali na(šidar inu ekilekü degürkü ba. bara(daqui

1213
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

medekü kereg 4v; arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u 6v; saban

sara-yi oriši(ulqui ar(-a kemebesü 6v; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü kürdün bui 51r; er-e

sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola 52v; em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru( 52v; qaburun terigün sarayin

arbun tabun-a 2r; qaburun terigün sarayin . . . 2r; arban qoyar sarayin 60r; arban qoyar sarayin

to(-a 2v; arban qoyar sarayin öngge medekü kürdün ene bui 7v; arban qoyar sarayin isün šin-e

41v [see kögeler sara] arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; arban qoyar sarayin èo(tu edür 47r; arban

qoyar sarayin yang gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u edür 47r; arban qoyar sarayin

Modun gokimoi 48r; Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi

3r; sar-a-u urida önggeriged 3v; sar-a-yin to(-a medeküi kereg buyu 4v; ebülün dumdadu

sarayin 5v; merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesügei 6v; saban sarayin qoyin-a 6v; aliba

sarayin 37v, 56v, 58v; aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur ügei bögesü tere saban sara 6v;

aliba sarayin ülü sedükü edür 47v; aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün

49v; Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü

kürdün bui 49v; önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sarayin arban tabun 7r; qubi sarayin nigen

šinide 7r; qubi sarayin 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r,

47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50v; sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r; sarayin šin-e 37r, 37v, 37v; dörben ekin sarayin (urban isün-e èi(ulumui 38r; dörben

dumdadu sarayin (urban dolo(an-a èi(ulumui 38r; dörben eèüs sarayin (urban tabun-a

èi(ulumui 38r; qoyar sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a 38v; qoyar sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v,

42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; (urban

sarayin qorin qoyar-a 38v; (urban sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

1214
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; dörben sarayin naiman šinede 38v;

dörben sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a 38v; tabun sarayin

39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r,

50v, 60r; ¯ir(u(an sarayin naiman šinede 38v; ¯ir(u(an sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v,

42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; dolo(an sarayin

qorin tabun-a 38v; dolo(an sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r,

47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e 38v;

naiman sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v,

48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e 38v; isün sarayin 39r,

39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r,

50v, 60r; arban sarayin arban dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e 38v; arban sarayin 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v,

60r; arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e 38v; arban nigen sarayin 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v,

60r; kögeler sarayin qorin dolon-a 39r; kögeler sarayin 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v; baras morin noqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v,

53v; taulai qonin (aqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v, 53v; luu beèin qulu(an-a sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v;

qulu(an-a luu beèin sarayin 53v; takiy-a üker mo(ai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v; üker mo(ai takiy-

a sarayin 53v; sarayin qo(osun 40r; dörben terigün sarayin 48v; dörben terigün sarayin

terigün-i qara 41r; dörben terigün sarayin mo(ai edür 48r; dörben terigün sarayin mör (arqu

1215
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kürdün ene bui 49r; dörben dumdadu sarayin 48v; dörben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-i qara 41r;

dörben dumdadu sarayin takiy-a edür 48r; dörben dumdadu sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui

49r; dörben eèüs sarayin 48v; dörben eèüs sarayin segül-i qara bui 41r; dörben eèüs sarayin

üker edür 48r; dörben eèüs sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r; Široi odun ekilegsen

sarayin 43r; Sara odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r; 'al odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r; Modun odun

ekilegsen sarayin 43r; nigen sarayin 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v; nigen sarayin mo(ai 48v [see qubi

sara]; 1 sarayin 50r; 2 sarayin 50r; 3 sarayin 50r; 4 sarayin 50r; 5 sarayin 50r; 6 sarayin 50r;

7 sarayin 50r; 8 sarayin 50r; 9 sarayin 50r; 10 sarayin 50r; 11 sarayin 50r; 12 sarayin 50r; qara

sarayin ¯asal 50v; tere sarayin qarši ¯üg qadqu sayin bui 50v; (abiy-a-tu sarayin šinede 52r;

yeke sarayin šinein (urban 53r; öèüken sarayin šinein qoyar 53r; baras beèin sarayin 53v;

taulai takiy-a sarayin 53v; luu noqai sarayin 53v; mo(ai (aqai sarayin 53v; qulu(an-a morin

sarayin 53v; üker qonin sarayin 53v; baras sarayin 53v; taulai sarayin 53v; luu sarayin 53v;

mo(ai sarayin 53v; morin sarayin 53v; qonin sarayin 53v; beèin sarayin 53v; takiy-a sarayin

53v; noqai sarayin 53v; (aqai sarayin 53v; qulu(an-a sarayin 53v; üker sarayin 53v; namurun

dumdadu sarayin 56v; qaburun eèüs sarayin 56v.

Sara(n) odun moon star, Sunday: 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 22r, 22r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45v, 45v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v.

1216
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

saras [pl. of sara]; months: qara saras-dur süm-e keyid bosqabasu 41r; saras-un yeke

öèüken 7r; qara sara-un 41r.

Suvadi/Suvad’i [S. Svâti]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Suvadi 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 53r, 59r, 59v/Suvad’i 12v, 21r; Suvadi na(šidar

kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi na(šidar bui 28v; nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi

Suvadi buyu 33v; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Suvadi ma(u 37v;

šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür inu. [. . .] Široi odun Suvadi qoyar 45r; Ašivani

BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar

bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvad’i eden (al bui 61r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Suvadai [. . .] odun sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Suvadai

[. . .] sayin 55v; Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai Šuša( Anurad Udarisad Abaji Širvan Tanis

Ašivani ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r; em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [.

. .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 56r; bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu.

[. . .] Suvadai [. . .] sayin 56v; Pus Suvadi Rivad’i Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu

kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san

naiman na(šidar bui. [. . .] emüne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar 60v; Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan

Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v.

süèing ?: süèing kemekü edür mör (arbasu dumda 49v.

süng [Ch. song/sung (Mathews 5565); an asterism comprising one star; it represents the

state of Sung, situated to the east of the modern province of Hunan; Schlegel gives it as 0

1217
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Serpens (Schlegel 1967: 537); Staal gives it as 0 Ophiuchi (Staal 1984: 135); (cf. also TU,

899): süng kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49v.

šaji [Ch. hsia zhi]; the summer solstice (see Mathews, 2521.18 (p. 372)); nara umar-a ¯üg

odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür 6r; edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6v.

šingge- to set, i.e., the sun: nara šingge¯ü 6v; nara šinggeküi (èa() 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r,

42r.

Široi odun Saturn; Saturday: Široi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v. 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v,

52r, 53r, 55v, 56r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u nigen šinede Široi odun-iyar

ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi

terigüten Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v; Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü

(a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( büküy-yin tula. yeke erketü široy-yin èinar buyu 24r; Široi odun kücün

tegüs-ün èa( 24r.

Širvan/Širvang/Širavan [S. Úravana]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Širvan 9v, 10v,

[11v], 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 45v, 48v, 55v, 56r/Širvang 8v, 12v,

21r, 44v, 59r, 59v/Širavan 56v; Širvan na(šidar kemebesü basar belèid-ün na(šidar bui 30v;

Burvabalguni Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui 60v; dörben belbesün odun kemebesü

Kerteg Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan kiged buyu 61r; Asli( Šuša( Širvan Barani eden široi-yin

1218
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

èinar buyu 61r; Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-

tan buyu 61v.

Šuša(/Suša( [S. Viúâkhâ]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Šuša( 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 52r, 61r/Suša( 8v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-

un kürdün-dür qaburun eèüs Šuša( sara 11r; Suša( sar-a terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du

na(šidar-un neres-iyer nereyidkü 3v; o(tar(ui-dur Šuša( na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r; Šuša(

na(šidar kemebesü (ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar bui 29r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin

edür kemebesü [. . .] Šuša( ma(u 37v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal

uèiral bolai. [. . .] Usun odun Šuša( qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi

uèaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .] Saran odun Šuša( qoyar 45r; Kerteg Barani Šuša(Burvabadaribad

Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v; Asli( Šuša( Širvan Barani

eden široi-yin èinar buyu 61r; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Šuša( [. . .] sayin

55v; debel emüskü sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Šuša( [. . .] sayin 56r; bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba

oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu [. . .] Šuša( [. . .] sayin 56v; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta

Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin 56v; Šuša( Ašuvani Mig

Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; Kerteg Šuša( qoyar èing böged ¯ögelen obo(-tan buyu

61v.

tabun gara( the five planets, i.e., Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. The reference

in the text might be to sections of the Kâlacakra sources which treat the five planets. An

example of this would be Kâlacakratantra I,40-I,49(1), which describes "the movement of

the five planets", cf. Schuh, 25; tabun gara( 2r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Tanista/Tanis/Tanisa [S. Dhanisthâ]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Tanista 8v, 8v,

9v, 10v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 17v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 59r, 59v/Tanis 11v, 16v, 18v, 19v, 53r;

Tanista na(šidar 31r; kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi Tanis buyu 33v;

qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Tanista qoyar 45r; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui. [. . .]Široi odun Tanista qoyar 45r;

Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui

45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden usun bui 61r; mör

(arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [.

. .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v; [. . .] Tanis [. . .] ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r; em

neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .]Tanista [. . .] sayin 56r; Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista

¯i(ulèin odun bui. ¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v; öber-ün odun kemebesü [. . .] Anurad Tanisa

qoyar [. . .] 60v; Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü

obo(-tan buyu 61v.

tegüs full; perfect; accomplished; ascendent (of the horoscope): tegüs 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v,10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

24v; ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen burqan 1v; küèün tegüs 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 19v; küèün tegüs

uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r; tegüs öl¯eyitü 25v, 26v; tegüs ¯ir(alang-tu 25v, 27v, 29r;

küèün tegüs-ün èa( 21v, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r, 24r.

teng šiu ¯un [Ch. deng/teng “equal” (Mathews, 6178 (p. 893)); Ch. qiu/ch’iu “autumn”

(Mathews, 1227 (p. 176)); Ch. zhong/chung “middle” (Mathews, 1504 (p. 213))]; the middle

month of autumn, i.e., the autumnal equinox; Qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu

6r.

Tiler-ün ger the house of the scorpion; Scorpio; the more common form is kilinèetü

"scorpion" and Kilinèetü-yin ger “Scorpio,” (see, for instance, Khilentsiin ger in the almanacs

published by Dechinchoinkhor monastery and Terbish): naran Tiler-ün gertür oro(sun-u tula.

yirtinèü-deki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r.

tngri [S. deva/sura; Tib. lha]; 1. heaven; 2. god/gods: Manjušari tngri 1v; tngri (a¯ar-un

qorin dörben a(ur èa( 6r; tngri (a¯ar-yi taki(basu) 32v, 35r; tngri (a¯ar-un on sara edür èa(

möèe 55r; yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ¯obalang(-un) tngri

yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür

56v; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edür(-ün belge) 20r, 47r; (uèin qoyar okin tngri

32v; tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge 20v; tngri šim[n]us èöken bolumui 32r; tngri šilmus

(adqulduqui edür 43r; tngri kümün èidköd (urba(ula èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar 26r; tngri

ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; Mahašuvari tngri 38r; tngri mang(us naiman

aima(-ud terigüten 38v; tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bügüde ba yeke èi(ul(an

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

buyu 38v; ed-ün tngri takiqui 45v; burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r; burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu

38r; burqan tngri buu taki ma(u bui 48r; burqan tngri-eèe ba(u(san buyan-du sayin èa( 16r;

tngri-ner (aši(udaqu edür 48r; qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayišiyamu 60v; tngri-nerün

nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a saèu(uu 5v; tngri-nerün gara( 21v; tngri-ner-ün na(šidar 27v, 30v;

tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü 30v; egüdügsen isün tngri-i uribasu 28v; bi tngri-yi kelbeyilgen

èidamui 32v; tngri-yi takibasu 36v; tngri-yin (al 8r, 9r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; tngri-

yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r; tngri-yin noqai 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55v; tngri-yin qara noqai

ba(umu 55r; tngri-yin dalal(-a dalalabasu 25v; tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un o(talda(san

na(šidar 28v; tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun 32v; tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v;

tngri-yin egüüde 33r, 33r; tngri-yin èi(ta(-a 33v, 34r; tngri-yin vim-a 39v; tngri-yin mör

kemekü edür 49r; tngri-yin egüde(n) 49r, 49v; tngri-yin egüden odun 59r; tngri-yin qoriyan

49r; tngri-yin erdeni 49r; tngri-yin qula(ai 49r; tngri-yin ordo 49r; tngri-yin ayul 49r; tngri-yin

sang 49r, 49v; aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün 49v; tngri-yin

següder 49v; tngri-yin qo(olai 49v; tngri-yin šijim odun 59r.

tngri-yin ayul heavenly danger: tngri-yin ayul-dur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin èi(ta(-a the celestial rope; this asterism is Èista (S. Jyesthâ), comprising three

stars that form an almost straight line (Burgess 1859: 337): 33v, 34r.

tngri-yin egüde(n)/egüüde [Tib. gnam-sgo; Ch. tianmen/t’ien-men]; the heavenly gate,

i.e., the vernal equinox; a constellation comprising two stars in Virgo; it marks the arrival of

the vernal equinox (Schlegel 1967: 488); according to the Vaidûrya dKar-po, it is through the

heavenly gate that people are exposed to avalanches, lightning bolts, stroke and epilepsy;

1222
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

these calamities are remedied by ritual thread crosses; the term also refers to the smoke-hole

of a Mongolian tent (TEDP, 86, note 92; ODT, 369-397; Doré, v. 6, 1966: 36; Ho, 1966: 91;

Camman 1963: 20; Sárközi 1989: 320): 33r, 33r, 49v; tngri-yin egüden-dür mör (arbasu sayin

49r; tngri-yin egüden odun 59r.

tngri-yin erdeni [Ch. tian bao/t’ien pao]; the heavenly jewel (Doré, v. 6, p. 11): tngri-yin

erdeni-dür mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin mör [tianjie/t’ian-chieh]; the heavenly way; perhaps the first star of the Northern

Dipper (Allred, 2002: 65); perhaps an asterism comprising two stars between the Pleiades and

Hyades; this asterism is said to guard barriers, passes and the frontier of the empire (Schlegel

1967: 372-373): tngri-yin mör kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin noqai [Ch. tiangou/t’ien-gou; Tib. gnam-khyi]; the dog of heaven; a demonic star

spirit; it is used synonymously with tngri-yin qara noqai (the black dog of heaven [55r, 55v]);

in the manual, a section given to the descent of the “black dog of heaven” describes seven

parts of the dog’s body, the left and right ribs, head, mouth, spine, tail and belly (55r); this

refers to the Chinese constellation tiangou/t’ien-kou, comprising seven stars, including ( and

h of Canis Major (Schlegel 1967: 433-434; cf. also Tngri-yin udq-a, 1990: 916; Staal, 152-

153); the constellation is thus related to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout

Eurasia; it likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the dog or jackal (see under

èögebüri [Allen, 1963: 120-134]); its demonology is extensive (cf. TEDP, 212; ODT, 295-

296; Doré, v. 1, 1966: 27, 60): Tngri-yin noqai 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55v.

tngri-yin ordo the heavenly palace: tngri-yin ordo-dur mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tngri-yin qara noqai [Tib. gnam khyi nag po]; the black dog of heaven; a demonic star

spirit; it is used synonymously with tngri-yin noqai (the dog of heaven [55r, 55v]); in the

manual, a section given to the descent of the “black dog of heaven” describes seven parts of

the dog’s body, the left and right ribs, head, mouth, spine, tail and belly (55r); this refers to

the Chinese constellation tiangou/t’ien-kou, comprising seven stars, including ( and h of

Canis Major (Schlegel 1967: 433-434; cf. also Tngri-yin udq-a, 1990: 916; Staal, 152-153);

the constellation is thus related to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout Eurasia; it

likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the dog or jackal (see under èögebüri [Allen,

1963: 120-134]); its demonology is extensive (cf. TEDP, 212; ODT, 295-296; Doré, v. 1,

1966: 27, 60): Tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r.

tngri-yin qoriyan [Ch. Tianjiu/t’ien-chiu (Mathews 6361, 1201)]; the heavenly corral; an

asterism composed of ten stars in the form of a circle to the north of the 14th Chinese asterism

bi/pi, Mongolian Udaribadaribad; the culmination of this asterism at the end of winter

indicated the time of the year when horses foal and various related rituals (Schlegel 1967:

309-315; Staal 1984: 98-99; TU, 1991: 910): tngri-yin qoriyan-dur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin qula(ai the heavenly thief: tngri-yin qula(ai-tur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin sang heavenly treasure; a constellation comprising six stars under Ašuvani [= 16th

Chinese lunar mansion, lou] (Tngri-yin udq-a, 1991: 912): tngri-yin sang-dur mör (arbasu

sayin 49r.

tüil-ün edür solstice: qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai. aliba sayin

üiles-i èigerle 59r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Udaribadaribad/Udaribadaripad [S. Uttarabhâdrapadâ]; one of the twenty-eight

nakshatra: Udaribadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v,

52r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Udarbadaribad na(šidar 31v; èinu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi

Udaribadaribad buyu 33v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Udaribadaribad

[. . .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]Udaribadaribad [. . .]

sayin 37v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar

usun-u èinar bui 45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden

usun bui 61r; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar Luu edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v; mör

(arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; èireg mordaqu edür

kemebesü [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu

[. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .]

Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udaribadaripad [.

. .] sayin 55v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 55v; em

neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 56r; Burvabadaribad

Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-ün odun bui. ükügsed-ün nom-du [...] 60v; qorin naiman

na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui. umara Udaribadaribad

kiged Ašavani qoyar 60v; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun

èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r; Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r.

Udaribalguni/Udarabalguni [S. Uttaraphalgunî]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra:

Udaribalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v;

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r; o(tar(ui-tur

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Udaribalguni na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 9r; Udaribalguni na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün

na(šidar 27v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37r;

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udaribalguni [.

. .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin
37r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]

Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37v; na(šidar-un sayin inu [. . .]Udaribalguni [. . .] odun edür qutu(

oroši(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. [. . .] Altan odun Burvabalguni Udaribalguni qoyar 44v;

Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin

èinar bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al bui 61r;

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar Noqai edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [.

. .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 48v; basa bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün

sayin anu. [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 56v; Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u

odun bui. dayisun-a ¯ol(obasu sayin 60v; dörben tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni

qoyar 61r; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun èingbatu obo(-

tan buyu 61r; Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v.

Udarisad/Udarasad [S. Uttarâsâdhâ]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Udarisad 8v, 9v,

10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Udarisad na(šidar 30r;

dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan

isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba ger

bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37v; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan

1226
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37v; Rôkini Èista

Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v; Anurad

Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; Burvasad Udarisad qoyar Üker edür

uèirabasu ma(u 46v; mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v; èireg

mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun

kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad

[. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 55v; [. . .]

Udarisad [. . .] šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r; basa bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin

bolqu edürün sayin anu. [. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 56v; Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad

bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i

il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui. örön-e Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar

60v; Udarisad-dur köbegün aèinar olan bolumui 38r.

ula(an ša¯a(ai [Ch. Zhuque/ Chu-ch’üeh “red bird” (Mathews 1346.17)]; red magpie;

refers to the Red Bird of summer, which together with the Blue Dragon (köke luu), the White

Tiger (èa(a(an bars) and the Black Tortoise (qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese

sky animals (cf. Stall's Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker

1997: 113-119); ula(an ša¯a(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ula(an

ša¯a(ai kemekü ma(u edür 48r; ula(an ša¯a(ai mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

urba- to turn back (also of the sun): nara urba(san-aèa (urban sar-a bolu(ad edür söni

saèu(uu 5v; nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg urba¯u 5v; Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis

1227
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v; ong(oèa deger-e (arbasu urbaqu

47v; nara urbaqui odun 2v.

urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo( the vacillating restless clan: Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis

Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v.

ur(u- to rise (of the sun): nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a

kümün-ü öngge ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; qara šingpüng güiküi anu. Qubi

sarayin Baras Beèin edür nara ur(u(san qoyin-a güimüi 42r; arban tabun-a luus-un qad-un

oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r; (a¯ar-tur qamu( nabèi ündüsün ur(umui 12r; bu(u-yin eber

ur(umui 12r; alim-a güilesü terigüten ¯imis ur(umui 13r; ¯il ur(uquy-yin terigün-dür šinelekü

inu 3r; nara ur(uqui èa( 42r, 42v; èerig mordobasu naran ur(uqui èa(-tur morda 21v; Qubi

sarayin arban dörben nara ur(uqui èa(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui

38r.

Usun odun the water star; Mercury; Wednesday: 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r.

Üker-ün ger the house of the ox; Taurus; the 4th sign of the zodiac: nara Üker-ün ger-dür

oro(san-u tula üker qurièaqui sar-a bui 11r.

1228
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

üker-ün üsün the hair of the ox; a celestial palace; a star spirit; perhaps this refers to the

Chinese asterism niu, the ox, the constellation marking the winter solstice (Schlegel 1967:

492): üker-ün üsün mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

yabuqui odun the wandering stars, i.e., the sun, moon and planets: gara( ba yabuqui odun

bügüde-yi ¯i(a¯u ögsügei 32v.

vimading ?: vimading kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49v.

yirtinèü the world; the earth: yirtinèü-tekin-ü ¯obalang 2v; yirtinèü-teki ¯öng bilig 1v;

yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r; yirtinèü-teki arsalan quraèimui 14r; yirtinèü-teki<n>

okid üjügürkeküi èa( 15r; yirtinèü-teki dusul terigüten-i èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi 16r;

yirtinèü-teki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r; yirtinèü-teki numun qata(uu küèütü

bolumui 18r; yirtinèü-deki aliba sayin üiles üiledbesü 44v; yirtinèü-dür meneki-yin da(un

kögemei bolumui 13r; yirti[n]èü-yi ebdegèi 39v; yirtinèü-yin qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil

törömüi 12r; yirtinèü-yin üiles 38r.

ORIENTATION

bara(un west; right: bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimüi 55r.

Baras (a¯ar Baras place: šitügen-ü eke Baras (a¯ar-a 11r.

Beèin (a¯ar-a Monkey place (19r).

buru(u to(ola to count the wrong way, i.e., counterclockwise: ba(urai-aèa buru(u to(ola

51v; nutu(-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; okin-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; em-e-eèe buru(u to(ola 51v;

sara ba(-a bögesü buru(u to(ola 52v; segül-eèe buru(u 52v; egüde-eèe buru(u to(ala 60r.

1229
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

deged high: deged doorad ügülegèi em-e kümün 22r

degedü upper, superior: degedü medekü-yin nigülesküi usun bari(èid 1v; degedü

amu(ulang 38r; degedü amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(èid 1v; degedü Abidarm-a-yin

ta(alal 3r; degedü merged-ün ta(alal 4r; degedü töröl 22r, 29r, 30r; degedü Uma neretü

(adasun 32v; degedü šidi olqu 38r; degedü qa(an 39v; degedü beri 52r

degegši upward: degegši qandu(san erdeni 44v

deger-e on: deger-e 38v, 47v, 58r; dalai deger-e19r

door-a under: Saran odun kemebesü door-a luus-un qad-un gara( büküi 22r; isün doboèa(

široi door-a daru(ad 23v; modun-u door-a ni(u¯u 23v, 24v; a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(èi

odun ali bui 32v; door-a to(ori(èi arban qoyar sara-dur nigen ¯il 32v; arban tabun odun

bügüde door-a to(orimui 33r.

doorad low: deged doorad ügülegèi em-e kümün 22r.

dooridu low: dooridu ma(u kümün 5r.

doro(ši downward: doro(ši qandu(san (adusun 39r; naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün

belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san

erdini bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 45r; šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši

qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; qariqui edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r;

tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge doro(ši qandu(san qara sara bui 20v; doro(ši

qandu(san jindamuni 45r.

doron-a/dörön-e/dorona east: doron-a 8r, 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9r, 9v,

9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

1230
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

12v, 12v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 13v,13v, 13v, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17r, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 18r, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 50r, 50r, 54r,

54r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 58v/dörön-e 13v, 40r/dorona 60v; doron-a örön-e 18v; örön-e

doron-a 33v; doron-a ¯üg 23r, 24v, 25v, 27r, 27r, 27r, 28v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; doron-a-

aèa örön-e ¯üg güimüi 42r; örön-e doron-a-yin èi(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r.

doron-a emün-e southeast: 8r, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 12v, 13v, 15r, 16r, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19r, 30v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 55;

doron-a emün-e ¯üg 25r.

doron-a umara northeast: 10r, 13v, 14r, 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v/dörön-e

umara 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v; umara doron-a 8v, 8v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 24v, 40r, 40r, 40v, 54r/umara dörön-e 40r.

dörben ¯obkis the four ordinal directions, i.e., southwest, northwest, northeast, southeast

(54r, 54r; dörben ¯obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v).

doto(adu inner: (ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v; doto(adu ordo mör (arbasu

sayin 49r.

dotora inside; within: usun-u dotor-a ¯i(asun güimui 8r; qurim dotor-a kešig tasulqu

na(šidar 28r; ger dotor-a 36r, 57v; burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v;

do(šin gara(-un dotor-a oroši¯u 43r; tere dotoraèa 2r.

1231
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dumda middle: dumda 53r, 56v, 61v; tere gara( tegüs inu sayin. meküs inu dumda 24v;

önüèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar bui 27r; dumda büküi-yi to(orin

yabu(èi odun 32v; Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a Taulai edür dumda amui 42r; (urban sayin

(urban dumda. (urban eèüs 46r; Usun Modun Altan ede edüd sayin. Saran odun dumda 'al

Široi odun èirig-eèe busud-dur ma(u 48v; süèing kemekü edür mör (arbasu dumda 49v; gem-

ügei dumda 49v, 49v, 49v; dumda sayin 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 52v, 52v, 54r; meküs dumda 52v;

ede dumda beri bui. okin törömüi 52r.

dumdadu middle: qaburun dumdadu sara 4r; Èa(-un kürdün-dür qaburun dumdadu

Jayitari sara 3r, 10r; tariyaèin-dur qaburun dumdadu sara 8r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur

qaburun dumdadu sara 9r; Qulu(an-a Morin ¯il-e qaburun dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; ¯un-u

dumdadu sar-a 4r; tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u

dumdadu sar-a 12r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 13r; Taulai

Takiy-a ¯il-e ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; namurun dumdadu sara 4r, 56v; tariyaèin-dur

namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r; Enedk[e]g-

ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun dumdadu Ašivani sara 16r; namurun dumdadu

ügegüregülegèi 41r; ebülün dumdadu sara 4r, 5v; tariyaèin-dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 17r;

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 18r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün

dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r; ebülün dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara bui 41r; Široi odun kemebesü

dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( 24r; dörben dumdadu sara 38r, 48r, 48v; dörben

dumdadu sarayin niru(u-i qara 41r; dörben dumdadu sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r.

1232
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dumda(ur by way of the middle: yeke öèüken odun bügüde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v;

Sümber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ekilen qorin naiman odun 32v.

emün-e south: emün-e/emün-e 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9r, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v,

9v, 10r, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13r, 13r, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19r, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22r, 26v, 29r, 31r, 31r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 42r, 42r, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 55r,

55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 60v; emün-e ¯üg uduridbasu 23v; nara emüneši

odqui (ba) 3r, 3v, 5v, 6r kökege<g> šiba(un emüneši qarimui 14r.

ende here: ende 2r, 2v.

(ada(adu external: (ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v; edür-ün (ada(adu

na(šidar 3v; mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(šidar 3v; söni-dür (ada(adu 6v, 6v; edür-dür

(ada(adu 6v, 6v, 6v; (ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar bui 29r.

(ada(ši outward: aliba ta(alaqui ¯üg (ada(ši odbasu 4v; ed mal (ada(ši ögbesü 18r, 41v;

mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu 29r, 31r; isün ¯üil tariyan (ada(ši ögbesü 31r; mal adu(usun idegen

(ada(ši (ar(abasu 43r; engküri köbegün-i (ada(ši (ar(abasu 44r; (ada(ši mör (arbasu 46v

(adan-a outside: (adan-a-aèa bara(an oro(ulbasu 36v.

'aqai (a¯ar Pig place: 'aqai (a¯ar-a 14r.

¯egün left: ¯egün köl 24r; ¯egün qabar(-a 55r; ¯egünde 58v, 58v/¯egü[n]de 58v.

1233
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

¯obkis the four intermediate directions, i.e., southwest, northwest, northeast, southeast:

dörben ¯obkis 54r, 54r; dörben ¯obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v.

¯öb to(ala count in the right way, i.e., clockwise (51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 52v); contrast

buru(u to(ala.

¯üg direction: ¯üg 42v, 58v; umar-a ¯üg 3r, 5v, 6r, 23v, 37v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; örön-e

¯üg 22r, 23r, 24v, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; doron-a ¯üg 23r, 24v, 27r, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v;

emün-e ¯üg 23v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v, 58v; örön-e emün-e ¯üg 26r; örön-e umar-a ¯üg 54r;

aliba ta(alaqui ¯üg (ada(ši odbasu 4v; oyir-a ¯üg eri oldayu 24r; qubi sarayin dolo(an šinide

Baras ¯ilün qarši beèin ¯üg qadqu 50v; ali edür bögesü tere sarayin qarši ¯üg qadqu sayin bui

50v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg 52r; dayiwang tayiqu Qangpan qongpan šitügen-ü eke šabšu kiged-

ün ¯üg buu yabu 53r; beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu ¯üg 53v; beri mör (arqu ¯üg 54r;

Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v; ¯üg-eèe 29v, 40r, 40r, 42r; emün-e ¯üg-eèe 5v;

örön-e ¯üg-eèe ire¯ü örön-e qandu(san gerte abèu odba 22v; doron-a emün-e ¯üg-eèe ¯ir(u(an

kümün ire¯ü qula(u¯u amui 25r; ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg kemebesü er-e-yin em ¯üg-eèe

ba(u(daqui 52r; qono( tasuraqui nigen ¯üg-iyer ülü bol(an kièiyen ü¯egdeküi 3v; ede ¯üg-dü

sa(umu 55v; baling do(šin qami(-a sa(uqu tere ¯üg-dür yasun (ar(abasu mör bütügekü-yin

urida kimor bolqu 41r; ¯üg-ün 26r, 26v, 27r, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30v, 31r, 31r; doron-a ¯üg-ün

kümün 25v; doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r; emün-e ¯üg-ün

(al-un dolo(an na(šidar anu tegüsbe 29r; örön-e ¯üg-ün altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a

tegüsbe 31r; umara ¯üg-ün usun-u dolo(an na(šidar tegüsbe 32r; arban qoyar edür-ün mör

(arqu ¯üg-ünsayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün ene bui 50r; arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün

1234
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün

50v.

Luu (a¯ar Dragon place: šitügen-ü eke Luu (a¯ar 18r.

Mo(ai (a¯ar Snake place (10r).

Morin (a¯ar Horse place: 12r.

Noqai (a¯ar Dog place: 13r.

oyir-a near: keger-e oyir-a bui 24r; oyir-a ¯üg eri oldayu 24r; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu oyir-a bui

28r; qola ba oyir-a odbasu 31r.

ögede upward: ögede qandu(san jindamuni 44v; öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede

qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; ögede qandu(san (adusun 39r; qariqu edürün belge inu ögede

qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; ögede qandu(san šara sar-a erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu

ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r.

örön-e west: 8r, 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14r, 14r, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r,

16r, 16v. 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 58v, 58v, 58v,

58v, 60v; örön-e ¯üg 22v, 23r, 24v, 31r, 42r, 53v; örön-e ¯üg uduridbasu 22r; örön-e ¯üg

odbasu 49v, 50v; örön-e qandu(san ger 22v; örön-e doron-a 33v, 34r; örön-e odbasu 50r, 50r;

örön-e-eèe doron-a ¯üg 40r, 42r.

1235
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

örön-e emün-e southwest: 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 15r, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v, 16v, 18r, 19r,

19v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v; emün-e örön-e

11v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v; örön-e emün-e ¯üg 26r.

örön-e umar-a northwest: 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13r,

13v, 16v, 17r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 54r, 55r,

55v, 55v, 59r; örön-e umara qandu(san (ool 24r.

qandu- to face, direct oneself toward: ögede qandu(san jindamuni 44v; öl¯ei qutu(

oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(san (adusun 39r;

naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; ögede

qandu(san (adusun 39r; qariqu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; ükükü

edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 45r;

šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge

inu ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; qariqui edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-

a bui 20r; tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge doro(ši qandu(san qara sara bui 20v;

degegši qandu(san erdeni 44v; doro(ši qandu(san jindamuni 45r; örön-e qandu(san gerte

abèu odba 22v; ger-ün egüüde umara ¯üg qandu(san modun-u door-a ni(u¯u amu 23v; örön-e

umara qandu(san (ool-dur šara široi-du (a¯ar-a ni(u¯u amu 24r; doron-a ¯üg qandu(san

qota[n]-u noyan-dur ¯i(abasu 24v; beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu ¯üg 53v; qulu(an-a

üker (aqai ¯iltü okin-i ni(ur umara ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; baras taulai luu okin-i

ni(ur doron-a ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; beèin takiy-a noqai ¯iltü okin-i ni(ur örön-e

¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; mo(ai morin qonin ¯iltü

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

okin-i ni(ur emün-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v.

qola far: qola ¯i(ulèilabasu 25r; qola ba oyir-a odbasu 31r; qola (a¯ar-a qudaldu odbasu

36r; qola (a¯ar-a odqui 47v; qola (a¯ar-a mör (arbasu 47v; öni qola (a¯ar-a öni qutu(-aèa

beèig irekü 57r; qola (a¯arèa ¯oèid irekü 57r; qola (a¯ar ¯oriqu 58r; qola busu (a¯ar-a odqu

61v; qola (arbasu 47v; mo(ai edür qola mör ülü (arqu 57v; qola-aèa qudalduèin irekü 57r;

qola-yin ¯oèid irekü 57v.

Qonin (a¯ar Sheep place: qonin (a¯ar-a 15r

Qulu(an-a (a¯ar Mouse place (17r).

Takiy-a (a¯ar Cock place (8r).

Taulai (a¯ar Hare place: šitügen-ü eke Taulai (a¯ar-a 16r.

tende there: tende 3r, 4v; tende-eèe nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür

6r.

umar-a north: umar-a 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 13r, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17r, 17v, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19r, 19r, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 58v/umara 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r,

40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 50r, 50r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 60v;

umar-a ¯üg/umara ¯üg 23v, 26r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 32r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; nara

emüneši odqui ba. umar-a ¯üg odqui-dur nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende qošiyad qošiyad qono(

tasuramui 3r; nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg urba¯u 5v; nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür

1237
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kürügsen šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r; naran umara ¯üg

odqui ¯ir(u(an sara 37v; nara emüneši odqui ba umar-a odqu 5v; nara emüneši odqui ba.

umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( tasuraqui 3v; ada(usun ¯ibqarabasu nökögesün debeltü

köke èarai-du ba nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün umara emün-e abèu odba 22r; umara-aèa emün-e

¯üg güimüi 42r.

Üker (a¯ar Ox place: šitügen-ü eke Üker (a¯ar-a 9r.

TIME RECKONING

adqu 1. handful, a unit of measure; isün adqu široi 22r; 2. a unit of time (8.64 seconds);

nigen èa(tur naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi

bui 6r.

a(ur [Ch. qi] n. steam, vapor; breath; pneuma; atmosphere; a weather term; the 24 joints and

breaths (Palmer 1986: 64-66; Ho 1966: 53-54); ¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui 4r; edür söni-

yin a(ur 5v; qabur namarun a(ur basa tegünèilen bolumui 6r; tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben

a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r; sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur-ügei bögesü tere saban sara

bolumui 6v; (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur öèüken oromui 8r; (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r;

a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r; qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad 13r; (a¯ar-tur qala(un-u

a(ur (aru(ad küiten-ü a(ur oromui 17r; dörben èa(-un a(ur oroqu 59v.

amisqaqui [S. prâna]; the act of breathing, respiration; a measure of time; four seconds is

the length of time between the breaths of an ignorant commoner (bertegèin arad nigen

amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki); In Indian sources, one respiration is the time occupied in pronouncing

1238
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ten long syllables (Burgess 1859: 149); for the gods (tngri-nerün nigen amisqaqui) the interval

is 360 times longer or 24 minutes; in Indian astrology the “time of the gods” is 360 times

longer than that of man; thus one sidereal year is a day and a night to the gods; Burgess 1859:

152; Stone 1981: 52-53; bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki-yi to(ala¯u (urban ¯a(un

¯iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5r; ¯ir(u(an amisqaquy-i nigen möèe 5v; tere kemebesü

tngri-nerün nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a saèu(uu bol- 5v; qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v.

arban dolo(an seventeen; the seventeenth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 44v, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56r;

arban dolo(an-a 39r, 39r, 44v, 44v, 56r.

arban dörben fourteen; the fourteenth day: 3v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 38r, 38v, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

56r, 56v.

arban (urban thirteen; the thirteenth day: 2r, 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v, 56v.

arban ¯ir(u(an sixteen; the sixteenth day: 3r, 5v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r,

44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v.

arban isün nineteen; the nineteenth day: 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r.

1239
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

arban naiman eighteen; the eighteenth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r.

arban nigen the eleventh day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r,

39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 58v.

Arban nigen sara the Eleventh month: 18r, 18r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v,

41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v.

arban qoyar the twelfth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v,

37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 53r, 56r, 56v.

arban qoyar èa( the twelve hours: 6r; arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü

kürdün 50r; arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v.

arban qoyar edür the twelve days: arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi

ü¯ekü kürdün ene bui 50r; arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v.

arban qoyar e¯in the twelve lords (35v); a Chinese cycle of twelve days; it belongs to an

ancient astrological system, known as jianchu (after the first two terms in the cycle) that dates

to at least the Western Han (Allred, 2002: 65, n. 136; Ho 2003: 30); the manual gives a

transcription of the Chinese terms: jan, èuu, man, bing, ding, gi [=ji], pô, üi, èeng, šiu, ke, bi;

their Mongolian translation: ejilegèi, aril(a(èi, dügürügèi, tübsidkegèi, to(ta(èi, saki(èi,

ebdegèi, tüšigèi [=tügšigèi], bütügèi, quriya(èi, negegèi, qa(a(èi, and then the combination

of the two: ¯an e¯ilegèi edür, etc.; cf. Mostaert MMAD, 21, n. 61; pentaglot dictionary, 17428-

1240
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

17440, pp. 997-998. For these twelve lords in Uigur sources, cf. Rachmati, #11, p. 308 and

Bazin, 1991: 287-288.

arban qoyar ¯il the twelve years: arban qoyar ¯il 34r; na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il

qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v.

arban qoyar sara [Tib. zla-ba bcu-gnyis]; 1. the twelve months of the year: 2v, 3r, 3r, 5r,

6v, 7v, 32v; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; arban qoyar sarayin èo(tu edür 47r; arban qoyar

sarayin yang gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u edür-<y>i ü¯ekü 47r; arban qoyar

sarayin Modun gokimoi 48r.

Arban qoyar sara the Twelfth month (used occasionally instead of Kögeler sara): Arban

qoyar sarayin isün šin-e 41v; Arban qoyar sarayin 'aqai edür bolai 60r; Arban qoyar Üker

Baras Taulai Mori Qoni Beèin takiy-a Noqai edür-e sayin.

Arban sara the Tenth month:17r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50r, 60r, 60v.

arban šin-e the 10th day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; šine(-yin) arban 38r, 38r, 53r,

56v, 56v, 58v.

arban tabun fifteen; the fifteenth day: 2r, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 6v, 7r, 8r, 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16r, 16r, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 53r,

53r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 58v; edür arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; söni arban tabun

tedüiken qubi 5v; arban tabun odun 33r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

aril(a(èi [Ch. qu/ch’u, “to remove, eradicate” (Mathews 1391)]; the one that purifies; 2nd

of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi

to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui

35v; èuu aril(a(èi edür 35v.

ba(-a sara a small month, i.e. a month with 29 days; see also its complement, yeke sar-a

and the synonym, öèüken sar-a; ba(-a sara 51v; sara ba(-a bögesü 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r.

Baras edür Tiger day (2r, 2r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v).

Baras sar-a/sara Tiger month (2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 8r, 8r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v.

Baras èa( Tiger hour (50r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v).

Baras edür Tiger day (2r, 2r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; baras mungqa( 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v).

Baras sar-a/sara Tiger month (2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 8r, 8r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; bing baras sara 7v, 7v; uu baras sara 7v,

7v; keng baras sara 7v, 7v; šim baras sara 7v, 7v; ja baras sara 7v, 7v).

Baras ¯il Tiger year (41r, 50v, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v).

1242
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Beèin èa( Monkey hour: beèin èa( 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r; šim

beèin èa( 7v; ¯a beèin èa( 7v; bing beèin èa( 7v; uu beèin èa( 7v; king beèin èa( 7v.

Beèin edür Monkey day: Beèin (edür) 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 15r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42r,

42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 58r, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; beèin sereküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

Beèin sara Monkey month: Beèin sara 14r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Beèin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; šim beèin sara

7v; ¯a beèin sara 7v; bing beèin sara 7v; uu beèin sara 7v; king beèin sara 7v; Töbed-dür Beèin

sar-a 14r.

Beèin ¯il Monkey year: Beèin ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; beèin ¯ilten 24r, 54v; beèin ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v.

bi [Ch. bi/pi “to close” (Mathews 5092); Mongolian qa(a(èi]; 12th of the twelve lords of

the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui

35v; bi qa(a(èi edür 37r; bi pô edür 48v.

bitegüü 1. closed, final, i.e., the final day of the month, year, etc.; qorin isün bitegüü

bolumui 3r; 2. a measure; two hands, i.e., the amount of something that can be held with the

two hands placed together (DO, 71a under bitü); nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai

bol(a(èi 33r, 33v.

bürüi twilight, dusk: bürüi-dü x 40r.

1243
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bütügèi [Ch. ch’eng/cheng “to succeed” (Mathews 379)]; the one that succeeds; 9th of the

twelve lords of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; èeng

bütügèi edür 36v; bütügèi odun 59r.

èa( hour; time: èa( 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 51r, 51r; söni-yin èa( 2v; edür ¯ir(u(an èa( söni

¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u 5v; ding taulai èa( 7v; uu luu èa( 7v; gi mo(ai èa( 7v; king morin èa(

7v; šin qonin èa( 7v; šim beèin èa( 7v; küi takiy-a èa( 7v; ¯a noqai èa( 7v; ii (aqai èa( 7v;

bing qulu(an-a èa( 7v; ding üker èa( 7v; uu baras èa( 7v; gi taulai èa( 7v; king luu èa( 7v;

šin mo(ai èa( 7v; šim morin èa( 7v; küi qonin èa( 7v; ¯a beèin èa( 7v; ii takiy-a èa( 7v;

bing noqai èa( 7v; ding (aqai èa( 7v; uu qulu(an-a èa( 7v; gi üker èa( 7v; king baras èa(

7v; šin taulai èa( 7v; šim luu èa( 7v; küi mo(ai èa( 7v; ¯a morin èa( 7v; ii qonin èa( 7v;

bing beèin èa( 7v; ding takiy-a èa( 7v; uu noqai èa( 7v; gii (aqai èa( 7v; king qulu(an-a èa(

7v; šin üker èa( 7v; šim baras èa( 7v; küi taulai èa( 7v; ¯a luu èa( 7v; ii mo(ai èa( 7v; bing

morin èa( 7v; ding qonin èa( 7v; uu beèin èa( 7v; gi takiy-a èa( 7v; king noqai èa( 7v; šin

(aqai èa( 7v; šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v; küi üker èa( 7v; ¯a baras èa( 7v; ii taulai èa( 7v; bing

luu èa( 7v; ding mo(ai èa( 7v; uu morin èa( 7v; gi qonin èa( 7v; keng beèin èa( 7v; šin

takiy-a èa( 7v; šim noqai èa( 7v; küi (aqai èa( 7v; ¯a qulu(an-a èa( 7v; ii üker èa( 7v; bing

baras èa( 7v; salkin-u èa( 8r; abšig talbi(san sayin èa( 10r; tu(ulu(san burqan-u qutu(-i

olu(san sayin èa( 11r; tariyaèin-u ebesü tegüküi èa( 12r; ¯un-u naran bayiqu èa( 12r; ünen

nom-un kürdün-i orèi(ulu(san buyan-du sayin èa( 13r; üsken qur-a-yin èa(; okid

üjügürkeküi èa( 15r; ebesün qubaraqui èa( 16r; burqan tngri-eèe ba(u(san buyan-du sayin

1244
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

èa( 16r; edür söni qubi saèu(uu bo[l]qu oroqui èa( 16r; qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür

oroqui èa( 17r; amitan-i ala¯u kelinèe üiledküi èa( 17r; yeke küiten-ü èa( 17r; ebülün naran

ba(uqu èa( 18r; èa( möèe-yi bari(èi 32v; dolo(an ¯a(un qorin èa( 33r; ni¯iged gara(-lu(-a

ni¯iged èa( bari(èi 33r; qulu(an-a èa( 50r, 51r, 51r; üker èa( 51r, 51r, 51r; baras èa( 51r,

51r, 51r; taulai èa( 51r, 51r, 51r; luu èa( 51r, 51r, 51r; mo(ai èa( 51r, 53v; morin èa( 51r;

qonin èa( 51r; beèin èa( 51r, 51r, 51r; takiy-a èa( 51r, 51r, 53v; noqai èa( 51r 51r; (aqai èa(

53v; öber èa( 51r; beri (al-du mörgügülkü èa( 53v; gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( 54v; on

sara edür èa( möèe 55r; umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( 3v; (urban èa(-i uqa(-a inaru

1v; èa(-<y>i iledte medeküi 5v; èa(-<y>i medegdeküi 6r; qorin dörben a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u

amui 6r; dörben èa(-iyan-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v; qonin èa(-iyar qura(alamui 10r; kücün

tegüs-ün èa(-tu 24r; er-e-yin ¯il-ün eki èa(tu 52r; (aqai èa(-tu 53v, 54r; takiy-a èa(-du 53v

noqai èa(tu 54r; taulai èa(tu 54r; beèin èa(tu 54r; èöb-ün èa(tur 4r; tere èa(-dur 6r, 42r, 42r,

42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v; arban qoyar èa(tur qubiya¯u amui 6r; nigen

èa(tur naiman möèe 6r; küèün tegüs-ün èa(-tur 21v, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r; nara(n) ur(uqui èa(-

tur 21v, 38r, 42r, 42v; nara šinggeküi èa(-tur 38v, 38v, 38v, 42r; nara manduqui èa(tur 42v;

ideši ereküi èa(tur 42v; ede èa(tur üsün-i samla 51r; ede èa(tur mordo(ul-su(ai 51r; üd[e]ši-

yin èa(-dur 56v; ede èa(-ud-dur (arbasu mör ma(u 50v; (urban èa(-un uqa(-a 1v; Èa(-un

kürdün 1v, 2r, 3r, 3r, 11r, 45r; Èa(-un kürdüèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r; èa(-un il(al 5r; qulu(an-a èa(-un uridu 6v; èa(-un sayin ma(u 8r, 50v; èa(-un

takil 38v; èa(-un qara 41r, 42r; arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün

50r; dörben èa(-un a(ur 59v.

1245
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

èa(-un il(al the classification of time (5r).

èeng/èing – [Ch. cheng “to succeed”; (Mathews 379); Mong. bütügèi]; 9th of the twelve lords

of the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui

35v; èeng bütügèi edür 36v; èing gii edür 48v.

èuu [Ch. jian/chien, “to remove; purify,” (Mathews 853); Mong. aril(a(èi]; 2nd of the

twelve lords of the day): Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi.

kemen ungšimui 35v; èuu aril(a(èi edür 35v.

èün/èun [Ch. chun “spring”] (Mathews, 1493 (p. 211)); èün ¯un bolbasu 6r; qoyitu on li

èun 7r.

èün ¯un [Ch. chun “spring” (Mathews, 1493 (p. 211)) and Ch. zhong “middle” (Mathews,

1504 (p. 213))]; the middle of spring, i.e., the vernal equinox; èün ¯un bolbasu 6r.

da(un 1. sound; call, i.e., of an animal; news; 2. unit of time = 1.6 seconds: eng terigün

gšan kiged nige da(un kemekü qoyar ¯üil buyu 5r; eng terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-

ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu. tegün-lu(-a [=tegün-lüge] nigen

da(un (arqui inu saèu(u-yin tula 5r; nigen da(un (arumui 5r; tegüber ¯iran da(un nigen

möèe 5r; meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r; üge da(un bolqu 50r, 52v; üge da(un

uèaram 52v.

darui immediately: darui oldayu 28v; qa(an sonosu(ad uridu yosu(ar darui takil-<y>i

beledèü 32v; dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 22r; darui-dur eribesü oldayu 30v; dalal(-a dalalbasu

darui-dur qoor qomsa boluyu 34r; qur-a orobasu darui-tur oroqu 61v.

1246
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

deb phase; stage: qoyar deb-dür edür söni saèu(uu bolu(san 6r; tere èa(-tur qoyar deb-dür

edür söni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r.

ding 1. [Ch. ding/ting (Mathews 6381)]; the 4th Heavenly stem; 2. [Ch. ding/ting (Mathews

6393); Mong. to(ta(èi]; to make stable; 5th of the twelve lords of the day (see Mostaert

MMAD, 21, #61): ding 52r; ding šim yile 7v; ding šim edür 7v; ding taulai sara 7v; ding

taulai èa( 7v; ding mo(ai sara 7v; ding mo(ai èa( 7v; ding qonin sara 7v; ding qonin èa( 7v;

ding takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a èa( 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai èa( 7v; ding üker

sara 7v; ding üker èa( 7v; bing ding 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r; Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing.

ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v; ding to(ta(èi edür 36r.

dolo(an odun the seven stars, i.e., Sun, Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn; the

seven days of the week: qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u

uèaral-un sayin ma(u-[y]i üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r; dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün

50v; dolo(an odun 59v.

dolo(an qubi-tu modun the pole with seven portions, i.e., the gnomon. the gnomon

referred to in the manual measures the “common” unit of 30 qubi per day; see Stone 1981:

181-183; For a further description of the gnomon see Needham (1959): 284; nara emüneši

odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a

bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara

umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei

bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i medegdeküi tegüsbe 6r.

1247
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Dolo(an (sar-a) the seventh month (14r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 56v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an

sar-a 14r).

dolo(an šin-e the seventh day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v; ¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi 8r; šinein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r).

dörben èa( the four times, i.e., the four kalpas, kalpa of formation, continuance, decline

and disintegration; cf. Dictionary of Buddhist Terms,118; these, as the twelve sitün

barildaqui, are derived from the horoscope; arban ¯ir(u(an-a söni düli dörben èa(-iyan-iyar

küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui, 38v; dörben èa(-un a(ur oroqu-yin uridu nigen edür bolai 59v.

dörben dumda/dumdadu sara the four middle months of the year: 38r, 41v, 48r, 48v,

49r.

dörben eèüs sara the final four months of the year (38r, 41v, 48r, 48v, 49r).

dörben ekin sara the first four months; cf. also dörben terigün sara (38r).

Dörben sar-a the fourth month (11r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur. Dörben sar-a

11r).

dörben šin-e the fourth day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14r, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v; šinein dörben 44v).

dörben terigün sara the first four months; cf. also dörben ekin sara: 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r.

1248
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dusul [Tib. thig le; Skt. bindu]; drop; essential drops of energy; cf. Lessing, 1167; Cornu

1997: 29-30; 1. a unit of time = 24 minutes; dusul-iyar to(alaqui 5r; bertegèin arad nigen

amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki-yi to(ala¯u (urban ¯a(un ¯iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5v;

nigen qubi-dur nigen dusul 5v; 2. a unit of matter; yirtinèü-deki dusul terigüten-i èinglegüür-

iyer èinglemüi 16r; 3. a symbol, attribute; ginggang güikü edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul

bui 20v; belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 43r; baling do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an

dusul bui 20v; belge inu nigen ula(an dusul bui 40r; öèüken qara edürün belge nigen qara

dusul bui 20v; belge ene qara dusul 41v; qo(osun edürün belge (urban qara dusul bui 20v;

belge inu (urban qara dusul ene bui 46v; (uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala(

dusul bui 20v; belge inu ala( dusul bui 43v.

dügürügèi [Ch. man, “full,” (Mathews 4326)]; the one that fills; 3rd of the twelve lords of

the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi

tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; man dügürügèi edür

36r.

düli middle; middle of the day or night, i.e., noon or midnight: nara emüneši odqui eèüs-

dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju

ü¯ebesü dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara umar-a ¯üg

odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui

6r; edür düli 24v, 39r, 39r, 40r; èerig mordobasu edür düli morda 23r; söni düli 38v, 38v, 39r,

39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r; edür söni düli 42r, 42v, 42v; Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai

Šuša( Anurad Udarisad Abaji Širvan Tanis Ašivani ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin:

1249
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Ardar Mig ma(u. busu odun düli bui 56r; edür düli-dür qarimui 39r; edür düli-eèe söni kürtel-

e èi(ulumui 38v; èereg mordobasu söni düli-yin urida morda 24r; (urban sarayin qorin qoyar-

a söni-yin düli-yin urida dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v.

düng¯i [Ch. dong zhi]; the winter solstice (Mathews, 6603 (p. 963)); nara emüneši odqui

eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür 6r; basa düng¯i bolbasu ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe

qoyin-a edür ulam urtudumui 6r.

ebdegèi [Ch. po/p’o “to break” (Mathews 5344)]; the destroyer; 7th of the twelve lords of

the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi

tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; ebdegèi edürün belge

inu qada(ur bui 20v; pô ebdegèi. edür 36r; yirti[n]èü-yi ebdegèi qara orong(-a bari¯u 39v;

ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v.

ebül winter: èasu ese orobasu ebül dula(an bolqu 19r; Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged

Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür

šinelemüi 3r; ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r; ebülün nara bayiqu 6r; tariyaèin-dur ebülün

terigün sara 16r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün terigün sar-a 17r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un

kürdüèin-dür ebülün terigün Margišar sar-a 18r; ebülün terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r;

ebülün dumdadu sara 4r, 5v; tariyaèin-dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 17r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur

ebülün dumdadu sar-a 18r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün dumdadu Bus sar-a

19r; ebülün dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara bui 41r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün

eèüs Mig sara 8r; tariyaèin-dur ebülün eèüs sar-a 18r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün eèüs sar-a

19r; ebülün eèüs ügeyir[e]gülügèi sara bui 41r; ebülün (urban sara 42r, 55r; ebülün (urban

1250
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sarada Üker Mo(ai Noqai èa( qara bolumui 42r; qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün

edür bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i èigerle 59r.

ebülün eèüs sara the final month of winter: Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün

eèüs Mig sara 8r; tariyaèin-dur ebülün eèüs sar-a 18r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün eèüs sar-a

19r; ebülün eèüs ügeyir[e]gülügèi sara bui 41r.

ebülün dumdadu sara the middle month of winter: ebülün dumdadu sara 4r, 5v; tariyaèin-

dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 17r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 18r; Enedk[e]g-ün

Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r; ebülün dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara

bui 41r.

ebülün (urban sara the three winter months: ebülün (urban sara 42r, 55r; ebülün (urban

sarada Üker Mo(ai Noqai èa( qara bolumui 42r.

ebülün nara ba(uqu the winter solstice: Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-

yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi 3r; ebülün

naran ba(uqu èa( 18r.

ebülün nara ba(uqu edür the winter solstice; Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi

3r.

ebülün nara bayiqu the winter solstice (6r).

ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( the hour of the winter solstice; ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r.

èasu ese orobasu ebül dula(an bolqu 19r.

1251
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ebülün terigün sara the middle month of winter: tariyaèin-dur ebülün terigün sara 16r;

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün terigün sar-a 17r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün

terigün Margišar sar-a 18r; ebülün terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r.

ebülün tüil-ün edür the winter solstice: qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür

bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i èigerle 59r.

edüd [pl. of edür]; days: edüd 38r, 38v, 39r, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48v, 50v, 50v, 56r,

56v, 56v, 61v; edüd-tü 46v, 60r; edüd-dür 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 42r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 47v, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r.

edüge now; at present: edüge 7r, 50v; tere sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a

oroši(ulqu bui 6v.

edüged ?a variant form of edüge: edüged-ünedüged-ün nigen on (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür

bol(a¯u 6v.

edür the day, esp., the period of daylight: edür 4v, 31r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 50v, 53v, 54v,

55r, 58v, 59v, 61r, 61v, 61v; Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür 2v; edür söni

2v; edür söni saèu(uu bol- 5v, 6r; edür söni qubi saèu(u bol- 10r, 16r; edür söni-yin a(ur 5v;

edür söni qoyar-yi ulam ne¯iged ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü 5v; ba(uraqu-bar edür söni inu urtu

ba oqor bolumui 5v; edür söni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r; edür söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r;

naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu 6r; ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi 3r;

edür ülü tasuraqu 3v; edür qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v; edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u

to(alaqui 5r; edür arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; edür ¯ir(u(an èa( söni ¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u

5v; nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür 6r; edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi

1252
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

següder (arumui 6r; nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür 6r; nigen edür

qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu 6r; ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe qoyin-a edür ulam

urtudumui 6r; ¯ir(u(an edür (inu) ülemüi 6v, 6v, 6v; (uèin ¯ir(u(an edür bolumui 6v; ¯a gi

edür 7v; ii keng edür 7v; bing šin edür 7v; ding šim edür 7v; uu küi edür 7v; edür qorin

¯ir(u(an qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r; edür qorin naiman qubi söni (uèin qoyar qubi

9r, 17r; edür (uèin qoyar qubi. söni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r; edür (uèin dörben qubi. söni

qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r; edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi. söni qorin dörben qubi 13r; edür

qorin dörben qubi. söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r; luu edür 8r, 13r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v,

46v, 48v, 50r, 57v, 58v; mo(ai edür 8r, 8r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 48r,

48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 57v; qulu(an-a edür 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 34r, 42r, 48v, 50r, 50v,

50v, 50v, 53v, 57r, 58v; üker edür 9r, 10r, 10r, 16r, 19r, 34r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v,

46v, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 55v, 57r, 58v; üker kemebesü yeke kölge-yi orèi(ulqu edür buyu

34v; baras edür 2r, 9r, 13r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 57r; taulai

edür 9r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r, 46v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 56r, 57r, 58v; takiy-a edür

9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 46v, 48r, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 56r,

56r, 58r, 58v, 60v; noqai edür 10r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r,

55v, 58r, 58r, 58v; (aqai edür 10r , 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 35v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 50r, 53r, 55v, 58r,

60r; morin edür 10r, 14r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 55v, 57v,

58v, 60r; qonin edür 11r, 16r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 46v, 46v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 55v,

56r, 57v, 58v; beèin edür 11r, 11r, 15r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 50r, 51r, 53r, 58r;

nigen edür 22r; edür düli 24v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r; èereg mordobasu edür düli morda 23r;

1253
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ükükü edür 27v; nigen ¯il-dür (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bui 33r; ügegürekü ma(u edür bui 34v;

öl¯i qutu(tu edür 34v; ¯an e¯ilegèi edür 35v; èuu aril(a(èi edür 35v; man dügürügèi edür 36r;

ping tübšidkegèi edür 36r; ding to(ta(èi edür 36r; saki(èi edür 36r; pô ebdegèi edür 36r; üi

tü[g]šigèi edür 36v; èeng bütügèi edür 36v ; šiu quriya(èi edür 36v; ke negegèi edür 36v; bi

qa(a(èi edür 37r; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür 37r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu

èola abqu sayin edür 37r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür 37r; süm-e keyid ba nom

burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom

kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v; saran-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar naiman

ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an 38r; èi(ulqui edür 38r; sara-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un

qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r; luus-un qad-un qariqui edür 39v; saran-lu(-a edür qamtuddu(san-

iyar gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin 39v; ¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un

qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r; öèüken edür 41v; yeke qara edür 41v; ügeyiregülügèi qara edür

41v; bütükü edür 42r; ba(uqu edür 43r, 43r; tngri šilmus (adqulduqui edür 43r; ebdegèi qara

qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v; (uyirinèi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edür 43v;

(a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un

dolo(an edür bolumui 45r; šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür 45r; Maqagala ba(uqu edür

46v; Okin tngri ba(uqu edür 47r; arban qoyar sarayin èo(tu edür 47r; aliba sarayin ülü sedükü

edür 47v; ula(an ša¯a(ai kemekü ma(u edür 48r; tngri-ner (aši(udaqu edür 48r; èidköd

(aši(udaqu edür 48v; èing gii edür 48v; bi pô edür 48v; èireg mordaqu edür 48v; tngri-yin

mör kemekü edür 49r; dayang kemekü edür 49v; èuèa( kemekü edür 49v; vimading kemekü

edür 49v; süng kemekü edür 49v; süèing kemekü edür 49v; dada qan kemekü edür 49v; arban

1254
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v; ibegel edür ba(u(daqui 52r; beri

ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu sayin edür 53r; öšiyerkü qara edür 53r; ginggang šingpüng

güiküi edür 53r; köbegün-e ömèi ülü ögküi. okin-dur in¯i ülü ögküi ma(u edür 53v; šin-e

kümün-i ülü asaraqu ba gerte ülü oro(ulqu edür 53v; arban kümün-eèe isün kümün-i ükükü

maši ma(u edür bui 53v; okin-u mör (arqu edür 54r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür 55v; debel

emüskü sayin edür 56r; em neyilegülküi sayin edür 56r; abašig abqu sayin edür 56v; ¯obalang-

un tngri yabuqu edür 56v; qa(aèiltu dörben edür 59r; qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün

edür bolai 59r; ed bara(daqu kešig ba(uraqu edür 59v; suèuli saèuqu esü( ¯ula(-un

negegemel edür 60v; edür-e 26v, 27r, 29v, 58v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v; do(olang jerimdeg a(sad (a¯ar-aèa (urban edür-e (armui 24r; (urban edür-

eèe anggida Altan odun 38r; baras edür-<y>i kölgelen ködelge¯ü 2r; (urban ¯a(un ¯iran

¯ir(u(an edür-i nigen on bol(aju 6v; (uèin edür-<y>i inü nigen saban sara bol(abasu 6v;

üligsen ¯ir(u(an edür-<y>i nigedbesü 6v; döèin dolo(an on-du saban-ügei bögesü uridu

qoyitu edür-<y>i tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v; arban qoyar sarayin yang gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun

ügülegsen ma(u edür-<y>i ü¯ekü anu 47r; aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün

ü¯egtün 49v; tabun dakini-yin mör (arqu edür-<y>i ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 49v; odun-u

sayin-i edür-iyer il(ayu 46r; yeke qara edür-lu(-a èöm tokiyaldumui 41v; edür-lu(-a odun

qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r; edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge]

qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküy-yin uèaral boluyu 44v; edür-tü 27r, 29v, 33r, 41v, 42r; qoyitu

dörben möèi mana(ar-un edür-dü (ada(adu bui 6v; qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür-dü

uridu 6v; edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v, 6v, 6v; tabun edür-dür oldayu 22r; ene kedün edür-dür

1255
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

47v; edür-ün ilegüü duta(uu 2r; edür-ün (ada(adu na(šidar 3v; edür-ün odun-i/odu-yi mede-

5r, 5r; öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; rašiyan edür-

ün belge erdini bui 20r; èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a bui 20r; naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu

edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; qariqu edürün belge inu ögede

qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r; qariquu

edürün beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r; (a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui

20r; qariqui edürün belge inu qara sa üsüg bui 20r; ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši

qandu(san erdini bui 20r; šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r;

šim[n]us-i il(u(san edürün belge inu qara nara bui 20r; Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge

inu tong(ori( bui 20r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui 20r; erketen èi(ul'qu

edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; qariqui edürün belge inu doro(ši

qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r; qariqui

edürün belge inu ¯arimdu( vaèir bui 20r; arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg

bui 20r; kelinèitü edürün belge inu qara èindamuni bui 20r; kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün

belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui 20r; do(šin edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r; šingbüng

güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v; Bati bata güikü edürün belge inu ala( nidün bui

20v; ginggang güikü edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v; baling do(šin güikü edürün

belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v; öèüken qara edürün belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v;

ügegürügülügèi edürün belge (urbal¯in ula(an bui 20v; yeke qara edürün belge inu (urbal¯in

qara bui 20v; tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui 20v; qo(osun edürün belge

(urban qara dusul bui 20v; (uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui [edürün] belge ala( dusul bui

1256
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

20v; tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu [edürün] belge ala( debisker bui 20v; gara( ideši erikü

edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v; tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge doro(ši

qandu(san qara sara 20v; ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v; ebdegèi

edürün belge inu qada(ur bui 20v; (a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü

dörbel¯in bui 20v; tüleküi edürün belge anu solbi(san qara ¯iruqai ene ilegüüdebei 20v; edür-

ün odun-u sayin uèiral 38r; qariqui edür-ün belge inu ¯arimda( vaèir bui 38r; mör (arqu

edürün sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin 48v; Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin

nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün bui 49v; arban qoyar

edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün 50r; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün

sayin 55v; bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin 56v; abašig abqu

edürün sayin 56v.

egüride always, constantly, forever: egüride 46r; egüride-yin uèiral 46r.

e¯elegèi [Ch. jian/chien, “to establish,” (Mathews 853)]; the one that establishes, founds;

1st of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi

to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui

35v; ¯an e¯ilegèi edür 35v.

em-e sara female month, i.e., a month with 29 days (fewer than 30 days): em-e sar-a-yi

segül-eèe buru(u 52v.

er-e sara male month, i.e., a month with thirty days: ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono(

bui 3r; er-e sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u 52v.

erte early: mana(ar erte bosu(ad 4v; èereg mordobasu erte mana(ar morda 23v.

1257
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(ada(adu outside, external: (ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v; edür-ün

(ada(adu na(šidar 3v; mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(šidar 3v; söni-dür (ada(adu 6v, 6v; edür-

dür (ada(adu 6v, 6v, 6v; (ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar bui 29r.

'al (odun) fire star, i.e., Mars, Tuesday: 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 20r, 20r, 20r, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v,

46r, 46v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r; 'al odun bögesü ¯egerde qal¯an morin una(san

ba. bombo kümün ba ula(an debeltü kümün ba ese bögesü degerem qula(ayièi ba keregür

bara(ur-tur ¯ol(oqu 4v; 'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar bui

22v.

(al-un galab the kalpa of fire: (al-un galab bol(a(èi odun ali 33r; (al-un galab bol(a(èi

Barani bui 33r.

'aqai èa( Pig hour: 'aqai èa( 50r, 53v, 53v, 54r; ii (aqai èa( 7v; ding (aqai èa( 7v; gii

(aqai èa( 7v; šin (aqai èa( 7v; küi (aqai èa( 7v.

'aqai (edür) Pig day: 'aqai (edür) 10r, 11r, 14r, 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35v, 42r, 42v,

42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; 'aqai edür okin ülü ögkü. (aqai ülü alaqu miq-a ülü idekü 58r; (aqai

bolqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

1258
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

'aqai ¯il Pig year: 'aqai ¯il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; (aqai ¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v, 54v; (aqai ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v.

'aqai sara Pig month: 'aqai sara 41r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v; 'aqai sara-dur (uèinügei 3v; ii (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; gi

(aqai sara 7v; šin (aqai sara 7v; küi (aqai sara 7v; Töbed-dür 'aqai sar-a 17r.

(uèin thirty: (uèin 40v, 41v, 44r, 53r, 53r; degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun

terigün Baras sar-a-dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3r;

Luu sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Morin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uèin

qono(ügei 3v; Beèin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; 'aqai

sara-dur (uèinügei 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; (uèin qono( nigen sar-a 5r;

(uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v; (uèin möèi nigen qubi 5r; (uèin qubi nigen

qono( 5r; (uèin edür-<y>i inü nigen saban sara bol(abasu ¯ir(u(an edür inu ülemui 6v;

Naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v; Isün

sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü 38v; Arban nigen

sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e erlig-üd-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38v; (uèin-a 8v, 9v, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 56r, 58v.

(uèin qono( thirty days: degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun terigün Baras sar-a-

dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3r; Luu sara-dur (uèin

qono( bui 3v; Morin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3v;

Beèin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; 'aqai sara-dur

1259
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(uèinügei 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; (uèin qono( nigen sar-a 5r; (uèin

qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v.

(uèin edür thirty days: (uèin edür-<y>i inü nigen saban sara bol(abasu ¯ir(u(an edür inu

ülemui 6v.

(urban èa( the three times, i.e., past present and future (Lessing, 369); (urban èa( 1v, 1v.

'urban sar-a/sara the third month: 5v, 10r, 10r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r,

43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60v

(urban sara the three months, i.e., of each season of the year: qaburun (urban sara 42r,

42r, 55r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 42r, 55r; namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r; ebülün (urban

sara 42r, 42r, 55r.

(urban šin-e the third day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10r, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v.

galab [S. kalpa; Tib. skal pa]; eon, age; a mythological period of time in Buddhist

cosmology (Lessing, 346); 1 kalpa = 4,320,000 years; 72,000 kalpa = life of Brahma;1 kalpa

= 1000 mahayugas;1 mahayuga = 4,320,00 years; each mahayuga has 4 smaller yugas in ratios

to each other of 4:3, 3:2 and 2:1; the last yuga, the kaliyuga, is 1/10 mahayuga = 432,000

years; this is a Babylonian number, the span of time given to the Babylonian kindom before

the flood in the histories of Berosos And Abydenus (Pingree, ISIS, 1963: 238); in the text the

four kalpa are given in terms of the Pythagorean four elements as opposed to the terms of the

horoscope, "formation, continuance, decline, and disintegration" which is more common; cf.

Dictionary of Buddhist Terms and Concepts, 211-214; (al-un galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui

1260
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

33r; (al-un galab bol(a(èi Barani bui; usun-u galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; usun galab

bol(a(èi Jayitari bui; kiy-yin galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; key-yin galab bol(a(èi

Burnavasu buyu 33r.

geng/ging [Ch. geng (Mathews, 3339)]; the 7th Heavenly stem: ii geng yile 7v; ii geng edür

7v; ging baras sara 7v; ging luu sara 7v; ging morin sara 7v; ging beèin sara 7v; ging noqai

sara 7v; ging qulu(an-a sara 7v; ging luu èa( 7v; ging morin èa( 7v; ging beèin èa( 7v; ging

noqai èa( 7v; ging qulu(an-a èa( 7v; ging baras èa( 7v; ging šin<g> 41r; ging šing 52r, 52r,

52r, 52r, 52r.

gi/gii 1. [Ch. ji/chi (Mathews, 429)]; the 6th heavenly stem; [see under ¯i]; 2. [Ch. zhi/chih

“to uphold, protect” (Mathews, 996); Mong. saki(èi]; 6th of the twelve lords of the day:

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v; gi

saki(èi edür 36r èing gii edür sayin 48v.

ging 1. [Chinese geng]; the 7th Heavenly stem; [see under geng]; 2. Tib. letter ki (Jäschke,

3a): ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v.

gšan [S. kshana]; moment, small fraction of time = the time of an arrow shot by a

marksman to pierce a leaf: eng terigün gšan kiged nige da(un kemekü qoyar ¯üil buyu 5r; eng

terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi

buyu 5r; nigen gšan-aèa ekile¯ü edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u 5r.

güi [Ch. gui/kuei (Mathews 3628)]; the 10th of the ten heavenly stems: güi 52r; uu güi yile

7v; uu güi edür 7v; güi taulai sara 7v; güi taulai èa( 7v; güi mo(ai sara 7v; güi mo(ai èa(

7v; güi qonin sara 7v; güi qonin èa( 7v; güi takiy-a sara 7v; güi takiy-a èa( 7v; güi (aqai sara

1261
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7v; güi (aqai èa( 7v; güi üker sara 7v; güi üker èa( 7v; šim güi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r/šim yii

[=güi] 52r, 52r.

edür-ün ilegüü duta(uu the addition and subtraction of days, i.e. of calendar reckoning

(2r).

isün gara( the nine planets (32v); compare the Teutonic week. Included with the seven

gara( which comprise the days of the week there are two additional gara(, Râhu and Ketu,

to make nine total. Râhu, which designates the moon's ascending node is mythological and

belongs to the monster in the heavens, which by the ancient Hindus and others was believed

to occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by attempting to devour them. The moon's

descending node was deified in a similar way as Ketu. Cf. Burgess, 194.

Isün sara the ninth month: (16r, 16r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v).

isün šin-e the ninth day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 40r, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 54r; šinein isün 39v, 41v, 44v).

¯absar interval; period between; duration: Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a edür ¯absar-du 58v.

¯a(ur-a/¯i(ur-a in the interval; while; during the time; a term to mark the period between

successive events, in particular, the new moon: ¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-de

¯irgemüi 8r; ¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] eliy-e šiba(un qošiyalamui 9r; ¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] qamu(

šiba(ud iremüi 10r; ¯a(ur-a kökeg[e] šiba(un dong(oddumui 11r; ¯a(ur-a salbarun ¯ul¯a(an

degde¯ü nisümüi 12r; ¯a(ur-a kir(a(ul šiba(un ¯ul¯a(lamui 13r; ¯a(ur-a kökege<g> šiba(un

1262
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

emüneši qarimui 14r; ¯a(ura ularu šiba(un qoršiyalamui 15r; ¯a(ur-a anggir (ala(un qarimui

16r; ¯a(ur-a usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u qa(dalamui 17r; ¯a(ur-a salbar šiba(un

öndegelemüi 18r; ¯a(ura qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 19r; ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin

¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33v; kümün-i èidker-<y>i bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ula(èi

Burnavasu buyu 33v; kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi Tanis buyu 33v;

¯a(ur-a qula(ai uèiraqu 50r; (a¯ar ködelbesü ar(-a beligten [=biligten] öber ¯a(uraban

ebderemü 31v.

¯a(uraki intermediate, situated in between; a term marking the period between successive

events; bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki-yi to(ala¯u (urban ¯a(un ¯iran bol(abasu

nigen dusul bolumui 5r.

¯an [Ch. jian/chien (Mathews 853); Mong. e¯ilegèi]; to found, establish; 1st of the twelve

lords of the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v; ¯an e¯ilegèi edür 35v.

¯il year: ¯il 51r, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 58v, 58v; ¯il kiged naiman ayima( terigüten

(a¯ar usun-u e¯id ba èi(ulqui qariqui ba. qami(-a sa(uqui terigüten-i Kitad-un to(oèin-u

yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v; ¯il ur(uqui-yin terigün-dür šinelekü 3r; ¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui

4r; nigen gšan-aèa ekile¯ü edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u 5r; arban qoyar sar-a nigen ¯il 5r; nara

emüneši odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu nigen ¯il bolumui 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-

u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui. tegün-eèe ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkü edür ni¯iged

ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui. tende-eèe nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji

edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui. tegünèe ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür

1263
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

yegüdkeküi-dür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder neme¯ü ¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür kürbesü nigen

¯il bolumui 6r; ene saban ekilegsen ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r; qarši ¯il sabanügey-eèe bolbasu qarši

¯il tokiyaldumui 7r; ali ¯il tus bolbasu ülü yegüdken qulu(an-a-aèa terigülen 7r; ali ¯il bögesü

qoyitu qoyar ¯il qaburun ekin bolumui 7r; door-a to(ori(èi arban qoyar sara-dur nigen ¯il 33r;

nigen edür-dü nigen ¯il bui 33r; ¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r; èa(an

baras king šing. qara mo(ai šim küi. köke beèin ¯a ii šira (aqai uu gii ed naiman ¯il qara bui

41r; odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-<y>i il(a¯u bièisügei 46r; ¯il odun qoyar-

un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v; na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u

il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v; ¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u bièisügei 48r;

ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyal-du(ul¯u ü¯egdeküi 51r; ede önggetü ¯il orobasu ¯iran ¯üil il(a¯u ü¯e

52r; ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v; u(tu(èi-yin ¯il 52r; ¯asal ¯asan ¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu

ibegel ögküi abqui gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v; Baras

Morin Noqai ¯il emün-e sayin 55v; Taulai Qonin 'aqai ¯il doron-a sayin 55v; Qulu(ana Luu

Beèin ¯il doron-a umara sayin 55v; Üker Mo(ai Takiy-a ¯il örön-e umara sayin 55v; qariyal

keyibesü (urban ¯il-dü ülü bütükü 42r; ¯il-dür arban qoyar sara bui 3r; (urban ¯il-dür nigen

saban sar-a bol- 3r, 4r; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu qulu(an-a ¯il-dür qaburun dumdadu sara

qoyar 4r; Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; Morin ¯il-dür namurun dumdadu sara

qoyar 4r; Takiy-a ¯il-dür ebülün dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; nigen ¯il-dür (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür

bui 33r; Qulu(an-a Morin ¯il-e qaburun dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi namurun dumdadu

ügegüregülegèi 41r; Üker Qonin ¯il-e qaburun eèüs ür-e tasulu(èi. namurun eèüs

ügeyiregülügèi sar-a bui 41r; Baras Beèin ¯il-e ¯un-u terigün ür-e tasulu(èi. ebülün terigün

1264
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r; Taulai Takiy-a ¯il-e ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi. ebülün

dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara bui 41r; Luu Noqai ¯il-e ¯un-ueèüs ür-e tasulu(èi ebülün eèüs

ügeyir[e]gülügèi sara bui 41r; Mo(ai 'aqai ¯il-e qaburun terigün ür-e tasulu(èi namurun

terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r; öèüken ¯il-lu(-a [=¯il-lüge] ni¯iged odun bui. ni¯iged

gara( bui 33r; ¯ilten 24r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v; taulai qoni (aqai ¯ilten

qara morin unu¯u 22r; ¯iltü 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v; qulu(an-

a ¯iltü okin-i taulai ¯iltüdü buu ög 54v; üker ¯iltü okin-i luu ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; baras ¯iltü

okin-i mo(ai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; taulai ¯iltü okin-i morin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; luu ¯iltü okin-i

qonin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; mo(ai ¯iltü okin-i beèin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; morin ¯iltü okin-i

takiy-a ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; qonin ¯iltü okin-i noqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; beèin ¯iltü okin-i

(aqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i qulu(an-a ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; noqai ¯iltü-yi

ükertü buu ög 54v; (aqai ¯iltü-yi baras ¯iltüdü buu ög 54v; noqai ¯iltü-yi ükertü buu ög 54v;

qulu(an-a ¯iltü kümün 53r; Jayitari sara-yi ¯il-ün terigün bol(a¯u 3r; ¯il-ün terigün 10r;

dötüger arban qoyar ¯ilün sayin ma(u-yi ügülesügei 34r; qubi sarayindolo(an šinide Baras

¯ilün qarši beèin ¯ügqadqu 50v; ¯il-ün öngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ü¯ikü kürdün ene bui 52r; er-e-

yin ¯il-ün eki èa(tu ba(uqu bui 52r; ¯il-ün Tayisui kemebesü Qulu(an-a Üker ¯il doron-a.

Baras Taulai ¯il emün-e. Luu Mo(ai ¯il emün-e örön-e. Morin Qonin ¯il örön-e. Beèin Takiy-a

¯il örön-e umara. Noqai 'aqai ¯il umara. ede ¯üg-dü sa(umu 55v; Qulu(an-a Üker 'aqai

1265
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(urban ¯ilün (a¯ar-un ba(atud umar-a 58v; Baras Taulai Luu (urban ¯il-ün (a¯ar-un ba(atud

doron-a 58v; ¯ilün qo(osun 60r.

¯il-ün terigün the beginning of the year: Jayitari sara-yi ¯il-ün terigün bol(a¯u 3r; ¯il-ün

terigün 10r.

¯ir(u(an šin-e the sixth day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v; šinein

¯ir(u(an 38r, 38r, 53r).

®ir(u(an sara the sixth month: (13r, 13r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v).

¯un [Ch. zhong/chung (Mathews 1504)]; èün ¯un bolbasu 6r; qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng

šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r.

¯un summer: qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i èigerle

59r; tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u terigün sara 10r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u terigün sar-a 11r;

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u terigün Èista sar-a 12r; ¯un-u terigün ür-e tasulu(èi

41r; Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r; qara

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 12r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u

dumdadu sar-a 13r; ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u eèüs sara qara 12r;

qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u eèüs sara 13r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u eèüs

Abiji sara 14r; ¯un-u eèüs ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; ¯un-u nara bayiqu 6v; ¯un-u naran bayiqu èa(

12r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 55r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a Taulai Luu Noqai èa( qara 42r.

1266
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

¯un-u dumdadu sar-a the middle month of summer: Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a

qoyar 4r; tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu

sar-a 12r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 13r; ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e

tasulu(èi 41r.

¯un-u eèüs sar-a the final month of summer: tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u eèüs sara qara 12r; qara

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u eèüs sara 13r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u eèüs Abiji

sara 14r; ¯un-u eèüs ür-e tasulu(èi 41r.

¯un-u (urban sar-a the three summer months (42r, 55r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a Taulai Luu

Noqai èa( qara 42r).

¯un-u nara bayiqu the summer solstice: ¯un-u nara bayiqu 6v; ¯un-u naran bayiqu èa(

12r.

¯un-u terigün sar-a the first month of summer: tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u terigün sara 10r; qara

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u terigün sar-a 11r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u

terigün Èista sar-a 12r; ¯un-u terigün ür-e tasulu(èi 41r.

ke [Ch. kai/k’ai (Mathews 3204) “to open”; Mong. negegèi]; 11th of the twelve lords of the

day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v;

ke negegèi edür 36v.

key-yin galab the kalpa of air: kiy-yin galab bol(a(èi odun 33r; key-yin galab bol(a(èi

Burnavasu buyu kemebe 33r.

Kögeler sara the twelfth month of the year; while the rest of the Mongolian months, from

the second through the eleventh month are named according to their number, the Second

1267
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

month, and so on, as is the Chinese, Central Asian and Babylonian custom as well, the name

of the first month, qubi sar-a, along with kögeler sar-a, the last month of the year, absent

from present-day Mongolian calendars, are from an series of specifically Mongolian terms.

L. Bazin gives etymologies of these two terms (followed in Melville, 84 note 11, 95) derived

from Buddhist Iranian and Sogdian, respectively; Kögeler sara he defines as the Month of

Mating (< Old Turkish kögler, plur., to kög [cf. Bazin 1991: 294, 354-356, 556]). G. Kara,

while pointing out the phonetic difficulties of this etymology, shows that the existence of this

earlier Mongolian system, cited by Mostaert in full from the 9th series of the Lung wei bi shu,

found in the Yi shih ji yu (chap. IV, f. 19) from the time of the Ming dynasty (cf. Textes oraux

ordos p. 131-132, note 2) makes these etymologies impossible. Cf. Kara (1984) 194, note 23;

Kara, 1973; and the term sara in Kara’s study of the Zhiyuan Yiyu. While the independent

designation of the 1st and 12th months is in Uigur also (see Kara, “Weitere . . . .,” p. 194), the

early Mongolian as cited by Mostaert is similar to the ancient Turkish system in that the new

year begins with the coming of spring, the vernal equinox. This marks a divergence from the

Chinese system the Mongols eventually adopted, the system given in the manuscript and

modern Buddhist systems, in which the new year begins prior to the vernal equinox, around

the time the sun enters Aquarius. See also Ligeti, 45 and Cerensodnom and Taube, 147.

Kögeler (sara) 19r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r,

47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v; Mong(ol-dur Kögeler-ün sar-a 19r.

1268
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

li èun [Ch. li “to fix”and chun/ch’un “spring” (Mathews 3921a.34]; beginning of spring; first

of the twenty-four joints and breaths, about February 5-18 (see also Palmer, 66); qoyitu on li

èun 7r.

Luu èa( Dragon hour: (42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; uu luu èa( 7v; king

luu èa( 7v; šim luu èa( 7v; ¯a luu èa( 7v; bing luu èa().

Luu edür Dragon day: (8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 19r, 34v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42v,

42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57v, 58v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v; luu medeküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v,

14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v).

Luu ¯il Dragon year: 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; luu

¯iltü 53r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; luu ¯ilten 54r, 54v).

Luu sara Dragon month: (10r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Luu sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; uu luu sara 7v; king luu sara

7v; šim luu sara 7v; ¯a luu sara 7v; bing luu sara 7v; Töbed-dür Luu sara 10r).

Luuq-a odun [S. Râhu; Tib. gza’chen; Ch. Luohou (Mathews 4099, 2142; Soothill and

Hodous, 472a)]; the Luuq-a star; the eighth day of the week; Râhu, after Chinese

transcription, Luo hou; in Hindu astronomy Râhu is the ascending node, where the moon

moves to the north of the sun’s path; its complement, Ketu, is the descending node where the

moon moves to the south; the nodes complete one revolution in just over 18½ years; in Hindu

mythology Râhu is a demon who devours the sun or moon at eclipses; in Hindu astrology,

Râhu and Ketu are added to the seven bodies of the week, making the week nine days long;

1269
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

by the 8th century A.D. Râhu and Ketu were names of the nodes in China (luohou and jizi

[Stone 1981: 25-36]); cf. also Burgess 1859: 194; MMAD, 32, n. 87; ODT, 94; Cornu 1997:

144; Indian Râhu and Ketu have an antecedent in Babylonian Tiamat, the dragon, that

stretched across the heavens, her head and her tail on the equator at opposite ends of a

diameter (Tester, 1987: 121): Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar kei bui 45v.

man [Ch. man (Mathews 4326) “to fill”; Mong. dügürügèi]; 3rd of the twelve lords of the

day]: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v;

man dügürügèi edür 36r.

mana(ar tomorrow: mana(ar 4v, 6v, 23v.

mar(ada tomorrow; mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(šidar 3v.

Mo(ai èa( Snake hour: 42r, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v; gi mo(ai èa( 7v; šin mo(ai èa( 7v; küi

mo(ai èa( 7v; ii mo(ai èa( 7v; ding mo(ai èa( 7v.

Mo(ai edür Snake day (8r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r,

60v, 60v, 60v; mo(ai ner-e öngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; mo(ai öngge

ni(ur 8v).

Mo(ai ¯il Snake year (41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

55v, 58v; mo(ai ¯ilten 53r, 54v; mo(ai ¯iltü 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v).

Mo(ai sara Snake month: 11r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun ügey-yin tula arban

1270
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dörben inu arban tabun bolumui 3v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; šin mo(ai sara 7v; küi mo(ai sara 7v;

ii mo(ai sara 7v; ding mo(ai sara 7v; Töbed-dür Mo(ai sar-a 11r.

Morin èa( Horse hour: 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 53v.

Mori(n) edür Horse day: 10r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r,

48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60r,

60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; morin ¯ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v.

Morin ¯il Horse year: 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v;

morin ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; morin ¯ilten 54v.

Morin sara Horse month: 2v, 3v, 12r, 12r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; king morin sara 7v; šim morin sara 7v; ¯a morin

sara 7v; bing morin sara 7v; uu morin sara 7v; king morin èa( 7v; šim morin èa( 7v; ¯a morin

èa( 7v; bing morin èa( 7v; uu morin èa( 7v.

naiman šin-e the eighth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 56v, 56v; šinein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r, 53r, 53r.

Naiman sara the eighth month: 15r, 15r, 37r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Naiman sarada<n>

edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r.

1271
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

naiman šin-e the eighth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 56v, 56v; šinein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r, 53r, 53r.

namur autumn: tariyaèin-tur namurun terigün sara 13r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun

terigün sar-a 14r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun terigün Burvabadaribad sara

15r; namurun terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r; namur-un dumdadu (sara) 56v; Morin ¯il-

dür namurun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; tariyaèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r; Kitad-un

to(aèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun

dumdadu Ašivani sara 16r; namurun dumdadu ügegüregülegèi 41r; tariyaèin-dur namurun

eèüs sar-a 15r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun eèus sar-a 16r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-

dür namurun eèüs Kerteg sar-a 17r; namurun eèüs ügeyiregülügèi sar-a bui 41r; qabur

namarun a(ur 6r; namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r; qabur namurun qu(us¯un ebülün tüil-ün

edür bolai 59r.

namur-un dumdadu sara the middle month of autumn: namur-un dumdadu (sara) 56v;

Morin ¯il-dür namurun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; tariyaèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r;

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür

namurun dumdadu Ašivani sara 16r; namurun dumdadu ügegüregülegèi 41r.

namur-un eèüs sar-a the final month of autumn: tariyaèin-dur namurun eèüs sar-a 15r;

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun eèus sar-a 16r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun

eèüs Kerteg sar-a 17r; namurun eèüs ügeyiregülügèi sar-a bui 41r.

namurun (urban sara the three months of autumn (42r, 42r, 55r).

1272
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

namurun qu(us the autumnal equinox: qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür

bolai 59r.

namur-un terigün sara the first month of autumn: tariyaèin-tur namurun terigün sara 13r;

qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun terigün sar-a 14r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür

namurun terigün Burvabadaribad sara 15r; namurun terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r.

Nara(n) odun Sunday: 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21v, 44r,

44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v; Naran

odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara( kememü (al èinar bui 21v.

negegèi [Ch. kai/k’ai “to open” (Mathews 3204)]; the one that opens; the 11th lord of the

day: ke negegèi edür 36v; mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi

to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi tüšigèi bütügèi quriya(èi nege<ge>gèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui

35v.

Nigen sar-a the first month; used occasionally instead of Qubi sara: 48v, 60r, 60r, 60r,

60v.

nigen šin-e the first day of the month: 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v; šinein nigen 41v.

Noqai èa( Dog hour: 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 54r; ¯a noqai èa( 7v; bing

noqai èa( 7v; uu noqai èa( 7v; king noqai èa( 7v; šim noqai èa( 7v.

1273
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Noqai edür Dog day: 8r, 9r, 10r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 42r,

42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v,

60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; noqai abqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

Noqai ¯il Dog year: 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; noqai

¯iltü 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r; noqai ¯ilten 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v.

Noqai sara Dog month: 2v, 3v, 16r, 16r, 40r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; ¯a noqai sara 7v; bing noqai sara 7v; uu noqai sara 7v; king

noqai sara 7v; šim noqai sara 7v.

okin sara maiden month, i.e., a month with no more than twenty-nine days; see also em-e

sara: ¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r.

öèüken edür a small day (41v).

öèüken ¯il a small year: öèüken ¯il-lu(-a [=¯il-lüge] ni¯iged odun bui 33r

öèüken sar-a a small month, i.e., a month with no more than 29 days; see also its

complement, yeke sar-a and the synonym, ba(-a sar-a; öèüken sar-a 53r; basa arban qoyar

sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u 6v.

öni long ago; for a long time: öni ülü oyilaqu 24v, 57v; öni ülü usadqu 34v; öni qola (a¯ar

57r; öni qutu(-aèa bièig irekü 57r.

örlüge morning: örlüge 40r; örlüge ideši 40r.

1274
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ping/bing [Ch. ping/p’ing (Mathews 5303); Mong. tübšidkegèi]; level; 4th of the twelve

lords of the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v; ping tübšidkegèi edür 36r.

pô [Ch. po/p’o (Mathews 5344); Mong. ebdegèi]; to destroy; 7th of the twelve lords of the

day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v;

pô ebdegèi. edür 36r; bi pô edür ma(u 48v.

qaburun dumdadu sara the middle month of spring: qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r,

41r; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 3r, 10r.

qaburun eèüs sara the final month of spring: qaburun eèüs sara 9r, 10r, 41r, 56v; qaburun

eèüs Šuša( sara 11r.

qaburun ekin sar-a the first month of spring: Lii-du ting sang neretü sudur-dur Mig sara-

yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u 2v; qaburun ekin 7r.

qaburun (urban sara the three months of spring (42r, 42r, 55r).

qabur namarun a(ur the pneuma of spring and autumn, i.e., the beginning of spring and

fall (6r)

qabur namurun qu(us the vernal and autumnal equinox (59r).

qaburun terigün sara the first month of spring: qaburun terigün sara 2r, 2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r,

41r; qaburun terigün Baras sara 2v, 3r; qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r.

qa(a(èi [Ch. bi/pi (Mathews 5092)]; the closer, the one that closes: 12th of the twelve lords

of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi saki(èi

1275
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; bi qa(a(èi edür

37r.

qa(uèin 1. last, old; qa(uèin nabèi una(ad 3r; önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sara 7r;

qa(uèin debel 34v; qa(uèin ong(oèa 35v; qa(uèin bara(an 36r; qa(uèin ger 36r, 36v;

qa(uèin üküger-ün yasun 36v; 2. the final ten days of the month; in his study of the Chines-

Uygur calendar in Persian historiography of the Mongol period, Charles Melville raises the

question as to the exact meaning of the term; in Mostaert and Cleaves “lettres” (49-54) it is

the last ten days of the month numbered backwards, i.e., the 21st = the 10th, the 22nd = 9th, etc.;

other theories are that the term refers to the second half of the month, or that it is not

numbered retrogressively (Melville, 1994: 98); from the text, though the question of

numbering is unanswered, the term is given as the complement of sara-yin šin-e (the first of

the month), which clearly refers to the first ten days of the month, and thus the final ten days

of the month are implied; Nagajuna-yin ta(alal inu qono( tasura(san ¯ir(u(an sar-a-yi šin-e-

dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu qa(uèin-dur tasuraqu 3v; odun na(šidar sayin bögesü qa(uèin-dur

èu sayin 37v; qa(uèin-dur üiledbesü 37v; qa(uèin-dur abu(daqu 56v qa(uèin kiged üd[e]ši-

yin èa( 56v.

Qonin èa( Sheep hour: 10r, 50r, 51r; šin qonin èa( 7v; küi qonin èa( 7v; ii qonin èa( 7v;

ding qonin èa( 7v; gi qonin èa( 7v.

Qoni(n) (edür) Sheep day: 10r, 11r, 11r, 14r, 16r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 40r, 40r,

40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v,

56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; qonin kürteküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

1276
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v.

Qonin ¯il Sheep year: 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r,

54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; qoni(n) ¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v.

Qonin sara Sheep month: 13r, 13r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; šin qonin sara 7v; küi qonin sara 7v; ii qonin sara 7v; ding

qonin sara 7v; gii qonin sara 7v.

qono( day; the smallest unit of natural time = 24 hours: qono( tasura- 3r, 3r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v;

¯ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu inu 3r; ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r; ¯ir(u(an

okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono(ügei bui 3r; tegüber ¯ir(u(an qono( tasuramui 3r;

nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; qaburun terigün Baras sar-a-

dur (uèin qono( bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3r; Luu sara-dur (uèin qono( bui

3v; Morin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3v; Beèin sara-dur

(uèin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono(

bui 3v; usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal 3v; qono( tasura(san ¯ir(u(an sar-a-yi šin-e-

dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu qa(uèin-dur tasuraqu 3v; edür qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v;

umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( tasuraqui 3v; ilede qono( tasuraqu busu 3v; nara oron-

ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v; (uèin qubi nigen qono( 5r; (uèin qono( nigen

sar-a 5r; ¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v; (uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a

bolumui 5v; ebülün dumdadu sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-aèa ekilen to(ala¯u ¯ir(u(an sar-a büged

¯ir(u(an qono( bolbasu nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg urba¯u 5v; nigen qono(-i ¯a(un möèi

1277
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bol(an 6r; isün qono(-tu oldayu 23r; ¯a(u qono(-du tüimer šitaqu 60r; ¯a(u qono(-du ükükü

60r; ¯arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r; qono(-un (urban ¯üil 2r;

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v; qošiyad qošiyad qono(-un odun

na(šidar-<y>i to(alaqu ügei 3v.

qono( tasura- extracalation; the cutting of a day from the calendar: 3r, 3r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v;

¯ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu inu 3r.

qono(-un (urban ¯üil the three kinds of day, i.e., 1. the zodiac or sidereal day (Tib.

khyim-zhag), the time it takes the sun to progress on out of 360 degrees of the zodiac or the

movement of the sun across the celestial meridian; there are 360 such days in a year; this is

the longest type of day; 2. the doin, the solar or natural day (Tib. nyin-zhag), the period from

dawn to dawn; there are 365 such days per year; 3. the date or lunar day (tshes-zhag), the

period of time it takes the moon to travel one-thirtieth the distance between new moon

positions in each successive sign of the zodiac; there are 375 lunar days in a year; this is the

shortest type of day; see Berzin, 20-21; Schuh, 84; the three kinds of day derive from three

incommensurate cycles in nature: 1. the doin or solar day; 2. the lunation; 3. the sidereal year;

the three kinds of day is found in Tibetan and Hindu systems as well; qono(-un (urban ¯üil

2r.

qorin twenty; the twentieth day of the month: qorin 40v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 53r; qorin nasun

61v; qorin-a 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r,

43r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 56r.

1278
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qorin dolo(an the twenty-seventh day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18r, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 56r.

qorin dörben twenty-four; the twenty-fourth day of the month: 8r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r,

55v, 56r; qorin dörben a(ur èa(; tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r;

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür-dü uridu üligsen ¯ir(u(an edür-<y>i nigedbesü nigen

saban sara bolumui 6v; qorin dörben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un sayin

ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi. söni qorin dörben qubi 13r; edür qorin

dörben qubi. söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r.

qorin dörben a(ur èa( [Ch. ershisi jieqi; Tib. dus-tshigs nyer-bzhi]; the twenty-four joints

and breaths; meteorological phases of the solar year. Of these the manual mentions X, Y. For

discussion and listing of these weather terms, see Palmer, 64-66; tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben

a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r.

qorin (urban the twenty third day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r.

qorin isün twenty-nine; the twenty-ninth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12r, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 38v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r, 58v; ¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü

qono(ügei bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei-yin tula-da qorin isün bitegüü bolumui

3r.

1279
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qorin ¯ir(u(an twenty-six; the twenty-sixth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r; edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r; edür (uèin

dörben qubi. söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r.

qorin naiman twenty-eight; the twenty-eighth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v,

44r, 44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r; edür qorin naiman qubi söni (uèin

qoyar qubi 9r, 17r; edür (uèin qoyar qubi. söni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r; qorin naiman

na(šidar 21r, 24v, 60v, 61r; qorin naiman odun 32v; qorin naiman nasun 61v.

qorin naiman na(šidar the twenty-eight nakshatra (21r, 24v, 60v, 61r).

qorin nigen the twenty-first day of the month: 8v, 9r, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43v, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r.

qorin qoyar the twenty-second day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 58v.

qorin tabun the twenty-fifth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 37r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47v,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 54r, 55v, 56r.

Qoyar sara the second month: 6r, 9r, 9r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v.

1280
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qoyar šin-e the second day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; šinein

qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 39r, 53r, 56v.

qoyin-a after; later: qoyin-a 32r, 34r, 40r, 61r, 61r; egün-eèe qoyin-a 6r, 6v; saban sarayin

qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v; ösügsen qoyin-a 30r; qoyin-a (arqu 31v; nara ur(u(san qoyin-a

42r; ör geyigsen qoyin-a 42v; taulai qoyin-a 58v; qoni qoyin-a 58v; (aqai qoyin-a 58v; qoyin-

a-aèa buu qara 54r.

qoyitu back; later; future; coming: ¯arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r;

qoyitu dörben möèi mana(ar-un edür-dü (ada(adu bui 6v; qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben

edür 6v; uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v; qoyitu arban tabun 6v; qoyitu on 7r, 17r;

qoyitu qoyar ¯il 7r; qoyitu ür-e (uyiranèi bolumui 47v; qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e 47v.

qubi 1. share, portion; 2. unit of time a) = 48 minutes (S. muhûrta); b) = 24 minutes (S.

nâdî); c) = 86.4 seconds; 3. the first month of the year: Qubi sara 7r, 8r, 8r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 38r,

39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 50v, 50v; qaburun terigün Baras sara-yi Qubi sara bol(a¯u 2v; edür söni-yin èa( möèi-yin

qubi 2v; (uèin möèi nigen qubi 5r; (uèin qubi nigen qono( 5r; qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi

bolumui 5v; qubi to(alaqui 5v; ¯iran möèi nigen qubi 5v; qoyar qubi nigen tedüiken 5v; ¯iran

qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v; edür arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; söni arban tabun

tedüiken qubi 5v; edür söni-yin a(ur inu ¯ir(u(an tedüiken qubi bolumui 5v; urtudqu ba. oqor

bol(aqu inu möèi-ber qubiya¯u qubi bol(an 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu

¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui 6r; ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi

1281
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

següder neme¯ü 6r; ¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür kürbesü nigen ¯il bolumui 6r; nigen èa(tur

naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban qubi bolbasu nigen möèi bui 6r; arban

adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui 6r; edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 8r, 18r; söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r,

18r; edür qorin naiman qubi 9r; söni (uèin qoyar qubi 9r; edür söni qubi saèu(u bolumui 10r;

edür (uèin qoyar qubi 11r; söni qorin naiman qubi 11r; edür (uèin dörben qubi 12r; söni

qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r; edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 13r; söni qorin dörben qubi 13r; edür (uèin

dörben qubi 14r; söni qorin ¯ir(u(an 14r; edür (uèin qoyar qubi 15r; söni qorin naiman qubi

15r; edür söni qubi saèu(uu 16r; edür qorin naiman qubi 17r; söni (uèin qoyar qubi 17r; edür

qorin dörben qubi 19r; söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r; qamtudqui-yin ¯ir(u(an qubi-dur šitü¯ü

2r; nigen qubi-dur nigen dusul 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i iledte medeküi inu

5v; nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju 6r; dolo(an

qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du

modun-u següder-ügei bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i medegdeküi

tegüsbe 6r.

qubi [S. muhûrta]; unit of time; there are three systems for reckoning time in the text, and

the measure of the qubi is different in all three; in the first system there are 30 qubi in one day;

thus, the qubi equals 48 minutes; this measure can be traced back to Vedic times in India

where there are 30 muhûrta in a day; in the second time reckoning system, this qubi is referred

to as tedüiken or “common”; in the second time reckoning system there are 60 qubi in one

day; thus, the qubi equals 24 minutes; in the third system the qubi equals 86.4 seconds;

according to Indian astrology, the 30 muhûrta system can be reckoned in three different ways:

1282
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

first is by dividing day and night into 15 muhûrta; this means the muhûrta varies in length as

the lengths of day and night vary throughout the year (as measured by a gnomon); second has

30 muhûrtas of equal length as measured by a water clock; third is a system of fixed shadow

lengths; the gnomon referred to in the manual, a pole with seven portions (dolo(an qubi-tu

modun), measures the “common” unit of 30 qubi per day; see Stone 1981: 181-183; edür

söni-yin èa( möèi-yin qubi 2v; (uèin möèi nigen qubi 5r; (uèin qubi nigen qono( 5r qoyar

amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v; qubi to(alaqui 5v; ¯iran möèi nigen qubi 5v; qoyar qubi

nigen tedüiken 5v; ¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v; edür arban tabun tedüiken

qubi 5v; söni arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; edür söni-yin a(ur inu ¯ir(u(an tedüiken qubi

bolumui 5v; urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu möèi-ber qubiya¯u qubi bol(an 5v; dolo(an qubi-

du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui 6r;

ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder neme¯ü 6r; ¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür kürbesü nigen ¯il bolumui

6r; nigen èa(tur naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban qubi bolbasu nigen

möèi bui 6r; arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui 6r; edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 8r, 18r; söni

(uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r; edür qorin naiman qubi 9r; söni (uèin qoyar qubi 9r; edür söni

qubi saèu(u bolumui 10r; edür (uèin qoyar qubi 11r; söni qorin naiman qubi 11r; edür (uèin

dörben qubi 12r; söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r; edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 13r; söni qorin

dörben qubi 13r; edür (uèin dörben qubi 14r; söni qorin ¯ir(u(an 14r; edür (uèin qoyar qubi

15r; söni qorin naiman qubi 15r; edür söni qubi saèu(uu 16r; edür qorin naiman qubi 17r; söni

(uèin qoyar qubi 17r; edür qorin dörben qubi 19r; söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r; nigen qubi-

dur nigen dusul 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i iledte medeküi inu 5v; nara bayiqu

1283
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

düng¯i edür düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju 6r; dolo(an qubi-du

modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u

següder-ügei bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i medegdeküi tegüsbe 6r.

Qubi sara the first month of the year. While the rest of the Mongolian months, from the

second through the eleventh month are named according to their number, the Second month,

and so on, as is the Chinese, Central Asian and Babylonian custom as well, the name of the

first month, qubi sar-a, along with kögeler sar-a, the last month of the year, absent from

present-day Mongolian calendars, are from an series of specifically Mongolian terms. L.

Bazin gives etymologies of these two terms (followed in Melville, 84 note 11, 95) derived

from Buddhist Iranian and Sogdian, respectively; G. Kara, while pointing out the phonetic

difficulties of this etymology, shows that the existence of this earlier Mongolian system, cited

by Mostaert in full from the 9th series of the Lung wei bi shu, found in the Yi shih ji yu (chap.

IV, f. 19) from the time of the Ming dynasty (cf. Textes oraux ordos p. 131-132, note 2)

makes these etymologies impossible. Cf. Kara (1984) 194, note 23; Kara, 1973; and the term

sara in Kara’s study of the Zhiyuan Yiyu. While the independent designation of the 1st and

12th months is in Uigur also (see Kara, “Weitere . . . .,” p. 194), the early Mongolian as cited

by Mostaert is similar to the ancient Turkish system in that the new year begins with the

coming of spring, the vernal equinox. This marks a divergence from the Chinese system the

Mongols eventually adopted, the system given in the manuscript and modern Buddhist

systems, in which the new year begins prior to the vernal equinox, around the time the sun

enters Aquarius. See also Ligeti, 45 and Cerensodnom and Taube, 147. Qubi sara 7r, 8r, 8r,

1284
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

37r, 37r, 37v, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r,

47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50v; qaburun terigün Baras sara-yi Qubi sara bol(a¯u 2v.

Qulu(an-a èa( Mouse hour: 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v; Qulu(an-a èa(-un uridu

dörben möèe mön edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; bing qulu(an-a èa( 7v; uu qulu(an-a èa( 7v;

king qulu(an-a èa( 7v; šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v; ¯a qulu(an-a èa( 7v.

Qulu(an-a (edür) Mouse day: 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 13r, 16r, 18r, 34r, 42r, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v; qulu(an-a töröküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

Qulu(an-a ¯il Mouse year: 41r, 46r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

58v/Qulu(ana ¯il 55v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu Qulu(an-a ¯il-dür qaburun dumdadu sara

qoyar 4r; qulu(an-a ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; qulu(an-a ¯ilten 54r, 54v.

Qulu(an-a sara Mouse month: 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; bing

qulu(an-a sara 7v; uu qulu(an-a sara 7v; king qulu(an-a sara 7v; šim qulu(an-a sara 7v; ¯a

qulu(an-a sara 7v; Töbedün-dür Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r; Qulu(an-a sara mön-ü tula belge inu

tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-eèe ülü (arumui 18r.

quriya(èi [Ch. shou “to collect” (Mathews 5837)]; the one that collects; 10th of the twelve

lords of the day]: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; šiu

quryiya(èi edür 36v.

1285
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

saban sara [Ch. runyue; Tib. zla-bshol]; the intercalary month: saban sara 4r; qono(

tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-<y>i medekü kereg 3r; (urban ¯il-dür nigen saban sar-a

bolumui 3r; Dülb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(èin kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal inu

tabun ¯üil bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu Qulu(an-a ¯il-

dür qaburun dumdadu sara qoyar. Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar. Morin ¯il-dür

namurun dumdadu sara qoyar. Takiy-a ¯il-dür ebülün dumdadu sara qoyar 4r saban sara-dur

odun na(šidar ü¯eküi 4r; qono( tasura(san kiged saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide

to(alabasu sayin ma(u aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r; (urban ¯il-dür nigen saban sar-a bolqu anu

olan sudur-un ta(alal 4r; tegüber ¯iran da(un nigen möèe. (uèin möèi nigen qubi (uèin qubi

nigen qono(. (uèin qono( nigen sar-a. arban qoyar sar-a nigen ¯il. tegün-eèe qolidqa¯u

üligsen-i saban sara bolumui 5r; qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v; merged

saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesügei 6v; basa arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an

öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u to(alabasu basa ¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi. (urban on-dur (uèin ¯ir(u(an

edür bolumui. (uèin edür-<y>i inü nigen saban sara bol(abasu ¯ir(u(an edür inu ülemui 6v;

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür-dü uridu üligsen ¯ir(u(an edür-<y>i nigedbesü nigen

saban sara bolumui 6v; saban sara-yi oriši(ulqui ar(-a kemebesü 6v; önggeregsen döèin

dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bögesü tere sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a

oroši(ulqu bui 6v; döèin dolo(an on-du saban-ügei bögesü uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i tegši

ü¯egdeküi 6v; aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur-ügei bögesü tere saban sara bolumui

7r; ene saban ekilegsen ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r sabanügey-eèe bolbasu qarši ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r.

1286
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

saki(èi [Ch. zhi/chih, “to protect,” (Mathews 996)]; the one that protects; 6th of the twelve

lords of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi saki(èi

ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; köbegün-i

saki(èi 30v; gi saki(èi edür 36r.

sar-a/sara(n) 1. moon; 2. month; 3. Monday: sara/sar-a 6v, 8r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r;

šineleküi sara 2r; qaburun terigün sar-a 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r; Mig sara 2r; Baras sar-a/sara 2v, 8r, 8r,

58v; Qubi sara 2v, 8r, 8r, 37r, 37r; Bus sar-a 3r; Suša( sar-a 3r; saban sar-a 3r, 3r, 3v, 4r, 5r,

5v, 6v, 6v, 7r; arban qoyar sara 3r; qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r; ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 4r,

11r, 12r, 13r; namurun dumdadu sara 4r, 14r, 15r; ebülün dumdadu sara 4r; sara degürküi

bara(daqui-yi medegdeküi 4r; èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara mör tögerekü 4r; ¯il sara möèi-yin

a(ur ¯okiramui 4r; Sara(n) odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 22r, 22r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45v, 45v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v; edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u

5r; (uèin qono( nigen sar-a 5r; (uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v; arban qoyar sar-

a nigen ¯il 5r; [arban] qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v; ¯ir(u(an sar-a 5v;

nara urba(san-aèa (urban sar-a bolu(ad 5v; arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an

öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u 6v; aliba sara saban bögesü tere sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin

qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v; bing baras sara 7v; uu baras sara 7v; king baras sara 7v; šim baras

sara 7v; ¯a baras sara 7v; ding taulai sara 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; šin taulai sara 7v; küi taulai

1287
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sara 7v; ii taulai sara 7v; uu luu sara 7v; king luu sara 7v; šim luu sara 7v; ¯a luu sara 7v; bing

luu sara 7v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; šin mo(ai sara 7v; küi mo(ai sara 7v; ii mo(ai sara 7v; ding

mo(ai sara 7v; king morin sara 7v; šim morin sara 7v; ¯a morin sara 7v; bing morin sara 7v;

uu morin sara 7v; šin qonin sara 7v; küi qonin sara 7v; ii qonin sara 7v; ding qonin sara 7v;

gii qonin sara 7v; šim beèin sara 7v; ¯a beèin sara 7v; bing beèin sara 7v; uu beèin sara 7v;

king beèin sara 7v; küi takiy-a sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a sara 7v; gi takiy-a sara

7v; šin takiy-a sara 7v; ¯a noqai sara 7v; bing noqai sara 7v; uu noqai sara 7v; king noqai sara

7v; šim noqai sara 7v; ii (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; gi (aqai sara 7v; šin (aqai sara 7v;

küi (aqai sara 7v; bing qulu(an-a sara 7v; uu qulu(an-a sara 7v; king qulu(an-a sara 7v; šim

qulu(an-a sara 7v; ¯a qulu(an-a sara 7v; ding üker sara 7v; gi üker sara 7v; šin üker sara 7v;

küi üker sara 7v; ii üker sara 7v; ebülün eèüs Mig sara 8r; yeke rid'i qubil(an ü¯egülügsen

buyan-tu sara bolai 8r; qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r; qaburun eèüs sara 9r; taulai sara

9r, 9r; qoyar sara 9r; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 10r; jun-u terigün sara 10r; qaburun eèüs

sara 10r; luu sara 10r, 10r; (urban sara 10r; qaburun eèüs Šuša( sara 11r; ¯un-u terigün sar-a

11r; mo(ai sar-a 11r, 11r; dörben sar-a 11r; üker qurièaqui sar-a bui 11r; ¯un-u terigün Èista

sar-a 12r; ¯un-u eèüs sara 12r, 13r; tabun sara 12r; morin sara 12r, 12r; namurun terigün sara

13r, 14r; qonin sara 13r, 13r; ¯ir(u(an sara 13r, 37v; ¯un-u eèüs Abiji sara 14r; beèin sar-a

14r, 14r; dolo(an sar-a 14r, 56v [here not name but duration?]; namurun terigün

Burvabadaribad sara 15r; namurun eèüs sar-a 15r, 16r; takiy-a sara 15r, 15r; naiman sara 15r,

37r; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; namurun dumdadu Ašivani sara 16r; ebülün terigün sara 16r, 17r;

noqai sara 16r, 16r; isün sara 16r; namurun eèüs Kerteg sar-a 17r; ebülün dumdadu sar-a 17r,

1288
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

18r; (aqai sar-a 17r; ebülün terigün Margišar sar-a 18r; ebülün eèüs sar-a 18r, 19r; qulu(an-a

sar-a/sara 18r, 18r; arban nigen sar-a 18r; ebülün dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r; üker sar-a/sara 19r,

19r, 58v; kögeler-ün sar-a 19r; kögeler sara 38v; ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; doro(ši

qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(san qara sara bui 20v; nara sara 32v; nara sara

kirtübesü 25v; nara sara ükübesü 27r, 32r; nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( 42v; ¯il kiged sar-a

edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r; ügeyiregülügèi sara namurun eèüs ügeyiregülügèi

sar-a bui 41r; ebülün terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r; ebülün dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara

bui 41r; ebülün eèüs ügeyir[e]gülügèi sara bui 41r; namurun terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui

41r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a 42r; ¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u

bièisügei 48r; yeke sara bögesü 51v; sara yeke bögesü 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; ba(-a sara bögesü

51v; sara ba(-a bögesü 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen

ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v; on sara edür èa( möèe 55r; 1 sara 59v; arban nigen sara-aèa tabun sara

kürtel-e sayin 37v; sarada 11r, 15r, 38v, 40r; ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r;

¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r; naiman sarada<n> edür söni

teng kem-iyer 6r; qoyar sarada 9r; (urban sarada 10r; dörben sarada erdem sur(abasu 11r;

¯ir(u(an sarada erkedür oro(ulqui keèiyeküi üiles kiged abišig abubasu 13r; dolo(an sarada

sayitar oroši(ulbasu 14r; naiman sarada èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 15r; isün sarada öèügüken tusa

bütegebesü 16r; arban sarada ¯a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r; arban nigen sarada ed mal

(ada(ši ögbesü 18r; kögeler sarada usun-u üiles üiledbesü 19r; qaburun (urban sarada 42r,

42r; ¯un-u (urban sarada 42r; namurun (urban sarada 42r, 42r; ebülün (urban sarada 42r, 42r;

ede sarada 37v; ede sarada okin-u bey-e- dü ma(u 51r; ede sarada tegši sayin bui 51r; ede

1289
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sarada ¯i(uèi-du ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada eèige eke-de ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada qadam eèige

eke-de ma(u 51r; ede sarada er-e-dü ma(u bui 51r; qaburun (urban sarada<n> terigün 55r;

¯un-u (urban sarada<n> terigün 55r; namurun (urban sarada terigün 55r; ebülün (urban

sarada terigün 55r; Suša( sar-a arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-un neres-iyer nereyidkü 3r;

qaburun terigün Baras sar-a-dur (uèin qono( bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3r; Luu

sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun ügei-yin tula 3v; Morin sara-

dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei-yin tulada 3v; Beèin sara-dur (uèin

qono( bui 3v; Takiy-a sara-dur arban tabunügei-yin tulada 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uèin qono(

bui 3v; 'aqai sara-dur (uèinügei-yin tulada 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; Üker

sara-dur arban tabunügei-yin tulada 3v; saban sara-dur odun na(šidar ü¯eküi bui 4r; ¯arim sar-

a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r; ¯arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur

tasuramui 4r; qoyar sara-dur 6r; taban sara-dur kögerge talbibasu 12r; arban qoyar sara-dur
nigen ¯il 33r; na(šidar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r; saran-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(san 8r; sara(n)-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u belgelemüi 18r, 19r; saran-

lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an 38r; sara-lu(-a edür

qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r; saran-lu(-a edür qamtuddu(san-iyar

gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin 39r; nara sara-lu(-a saèa(u yabumui

55r; sar-a-yi 4r, 10r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u 2r, 3r; Mig sara-yi qaburun

ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u 2v; qaburun terigün Baras sara-yi qubi sara bol(a¯u 2v; Baras Morin

Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi 2v; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi ¯il-ün terigün

bol(a¯u 3r; ¯ir(u(an sar-a-yi šin-e-dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu 3v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu

1290
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

4r, 4r; saban sar-a-yi ülü meden 4r; sar-a-yi ali na(šidar inu ekilekü degürkü ba. bara(daqui

medekü kereg 4v; arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u 6v; saban

sara-yi oriši(ulqui ar(-a kemebesü 6v; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü kürdün bui 51r; er-e

sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola 52v; em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru( 52v; qaburun terigün sarayin

arbun tabun-a 2r; qaburun terigün sarayin . . . 2r; arban qoyar sarayin 60r; arban qoyar sarayin

to(-a 2v; arban qoyar sarayin öngge medekü kürdün ene bui 7v; arban qoyar sarayin isün šin-e

41v [see kögeler sara] arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; arban qoyar sarayin èo(tu edür 47r; arban

qoyar sarayin yang gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u edür 47r; arban qoyar sarayin

Modun gokimoi 48r; Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi

3r; sar-a-u urida önggeriged 3v; sar-a-yin to(-a medeküi kereg buyu 4v; ebülün dumdadu

sarayin 5v; merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesügei 6v; saban sarayin qoyin-a 6v; aliba

sarayin 37v, 56v, 58v; aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur ügei bögesü tere saban sara 6v;

aliba sarayin ülü sedükü edür 47v; aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün

49v; Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü

kürdün bui 49v; önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sarayin arban tabun 7r; qubi sarayin nigen

šinide 7r; qubi sarayin 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r,

47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50v; sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r; sarayin šin-e 37r, 37v, 37v; dörben ekin sarayin (urban isün-e èi(ulumui 38r; dörben

dumdadu sarayin (urban dolo(an-a èi(ulumui 38r; dörben eèüs sarayin (urban tabun-a

èi(ulumui 38r; qoyar sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a 38v; qoyar sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v,

42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; (urban

1291
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sarayin qorin qoyar-a 38v; (urban sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; dörben sarayin naiman šinede 38v;

dörben sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a 38v; tabun sarayin

39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r,

50v, 60r; ¯ir(u(an sarayin naiman šinede 38v; ¯ir(u(an sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v,

42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; dolo(an sarayin

qorin tabun-a 38v; dolo(an sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r,

47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e 38v;

naiman sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v,

48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e 38v; isün sarayin 39r,

39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r,

50v, 60r; arban sarayin arban dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e 38v; arban sarayin 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v,

60r; arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e 38v; arban nigen sarayin 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v,

60r; kögeler sarayin qorin dolon-a 39r; kögeler sarayin 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v; baras morin noqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v,

53v; taulai qonin (aqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v, 53v; luu beèin qulu(an-a sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v;

qulu(an-a luu beèin sarayin 53v; takiy-a üker mo(ai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v; üker mo(ai takiy-

a sarayin 53v; sarayin qo(osun 40r; dörben terigün sarayin 48v; dörben terigün sarayin

1292
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

terigün-i qara 41r; dörben terigün sarayin mo(ai edür 48r; dörben terigün sarayin mör (arqu

kürdün ene bui 49r; dörben dumdadu sarayin 48v; dörben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-i qara 41r;

dörben dumdadu sarayin takiy-a edür 48r; dörben dumdadu sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui

49r; dörben eèüs sarayin 48v; dörben eèüs sarayin segül-i qara bui 41r; dörben eèüs sarayin

üker edür 48r; dörben eèüs sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r; Široi odun ekilegsen

sarayin 43r; Sara odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r; 'al odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r; Modun odun

ekilegsen sarayin 43r; nigen sarayin 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v; nigen sarayin mo(ai 48v [see qubi

sara]; 1 sarayin 50r; 2 sarayin 50r; 3 sarayin 50r; 4 sarayin 50r; 5 sarayin 50r; 6 sarayin 50r;

7 sarayin 50r; 8 sarayin 50r; 9 sarayin 50r; 10 sarayin 50r; 11 sarayin 50r; 12 sarayin 50r; qara

sarayin ¯asal 50v; tere sarayin qarši ¯üg qadqu sayin bui 50v; (abiy-a-tu sarayin šinede 52r;

yeke sarayin šinein (urban 53r; öèüken sarayin šinein qoyar 53r; baras beèin sarayin 53v;

taulai takiy-a sarayin 53v; luu noqai sarayin 53v; mo(ai (aqai sarayin 53v; qulu(an-a morin

sarayin 53v; üker qonin sarayin 53v; baras sarayin 53v; taulai sarayin 53v; luu sarayin 53v;

mo(ai sarayin 53v; morin sarayin 53v; qonin sarayin 53v; beèin sarayin 53v; takiy-a sarayin

53v; noqai sarayin 53v; (aqai sarayin 53v; qulu(an-a sarayin 53v; üker sarayin 53v; namurun

dumdadu sarayin 56v; qaburun eèüs sarayin 56v.

Sara(n) odun moon star, Sunday: 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 22r, 22r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45v, 45v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v.

1293
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

saras [pl. of sara]; months: qara saras-dur süm-e keyid bosqabasu 41r; saras-un yeke

öèüken 7r; qara sara-un 41r.

següder shadow: nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an

qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu

¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; tegün-eèe ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkü edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi

següder (arumui 6r; nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-

du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r; ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkeküi-dür ni¯iged ni¯iged

qubi següder neme¯ü ¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür kürbesü nigen ¯il bolumui 6r; (a¯ar-dur

serigün següder una(ad 14r; küiten següder una¯u 16r; (urban šin-e arban nigen arban isün

qorin dolo(an tngri-yin següder sayin 49v; ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkeküi-dür ni¯iged

ni¯iged qubi següder neme¯ü ¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür kürbesü nigen ¯il bolumui 6r.

söni night: söni 38v; nigen gšan-aèa ekile¯ü edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u 5r; edür söni

saèu(uu bolumui 5v; söni arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; edür söni qoyar-<y>i ulam ne¯iged

ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü ba 5v; ba(uraqu-bar edür söni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v; edür

¯ir(u(an èa( söni ¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u 5v; qoyar deb-dür edürsöni saèu(uu bolu(san 6r;

qoyar deb-dür edür söni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r; èün ¯un bolbasu qoyar sara-dur edür söni

teng šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r; Naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r;

edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r; edür qorin naiman qubi söni (uèin

qoyar qubi 9r, 17r; edür söni qubi saèu(u bol- 10r, 16r; edür (uèin qoyar qubi. söni qorin

naiman qubi 11r, 15r; edür (uèin dörben qubi. söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r; edür (uèin

¯ir(u(an qubi. söni qorin dörben qubi 13r; edür qorin dörben qubi. söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi

1294
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

19r; èereg mordobasu söni düli-yin urida morda 24r; söni düli 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r,

40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42v, 42v; tong söni 42v; nigen edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu 6r;

(a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; nara šingge¯ü arban alqum

nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge [. . .] ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; edür

söni-yin èa( möèi-yin qubi 2v; edür söni-yin a(ur inu ¯ir(u(an tedüiken qubi bolumui 5v;

söni-yin düli 38v.

šaji [Ch. xia zhi]; the summer solstice (see Mathews, 2521.18 (p. 372)); nara umar-a ¯üg

odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür 6r; edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6v.

šim [Ch. ren/jen (Mathews 3100)]; the 9th heavenly stem; the Mongolian transcription

reflects the Middle Chinese pronunciation of the term, which had a final -m; for the same

transcription in the Uygur Turfan documents, see Rachmati, 304: ding šim yile 7v; ding šim

edür 7v; šim baras sara 7v; šim baras èa( 7v; šim luu sara 7v; šim luu èa( 7v; šim morin sara

7v; šim morin èa( 7v; šim beèin sara 7v; šim beèin èa( 7v; šim noqai sara 7v; šim noqai èa(

7v; šim qulu(an-a ; šim qulu(an-a sara 7v; šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v; šim güi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r,

52r, 52r.

šin/šing [Ch. xin/hsin (Mathews 2739)]; the 8th Heavenly stem: šin 52r; bing šin yile 7v;

šin taulai sara 7v; šin mo(ai sara 7v; šin qonin sara 7v; šin takiy-a sara 7v; šin (aqai sara 7v;

šin üker sara 7v; bing šin edür 7v; šin taulai èa( 7v; šin mo(ai èa( 7v; šin qonin èa( 7v; šin

takiy-a èa( 7v; šin (aqai èa( 7v; šin üker èa( 7v; ging šin<g> 41r/ging šin 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r,

52r.

1295
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

šin-e/šini [Uy. yangï]; the first; used in calendars after each of the first ten days, indicating

the first part of the month; see Rachmati, 291: nigen šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 50r, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v; qoyar šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50v; (urban šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r,

40r, 43v, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50v; dörben šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v;

tabun šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r,

43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r; ¯ir(u(an šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v,

50v, 50v; dolo(an šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 40r,

41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50v; naiman šin-e 8v,

9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r,

47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56v; isün šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 54r; arban šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r,

41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; nigen šinede 2r, 7r, 17r, 40r; (urban

šinede 44r; dörben šinede 14r; tabun šinede 40r; ¯ir(u(an šinede 38v, 44r; dolo(an šin-e-

de/šinede/šinide 8r, 11r, 51v; naiman šinede 38v, 38v, 39v, 44r, 56v; isün šinede 40r; sarayin

šinede 37r, 37v, 52r; ¯ir(u(an sar-a-yi šin-e-dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu 3v; dörben šini-eèe

1296
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

arban tabun kürtel-e 13r; isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e; šinein nigen 41v;

šinein/šin-e-yin qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 53r, 56v; šinein/šin-e-yin (urban 37v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 53r,

56v; šinein dörben 38r, 44v; šinein/šin-e-yin tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 56v; šinein ¯ir(u(an

38r, 38r; šinein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r; šinein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r; šinein

isün 39v, 41v; šinein/šin-e-yin arban 38r, 38r, 56v.

šinele- to celebrate the New Year: Baras sara-yi qubi sara bol(a¯u šinelegsen-eèe ekilen

to(ola¯u 2v; Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u šinelekü bolai 2v; ¯il ur(uqui-yin

terigün-dür šinelekü inu 3r; šineleküi sara 2r; šin-e nabèi èuquyiqui-dur šinelemüi 3r;

Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi 3r; Mig sar-a-i qaburun

terigün sar-a bol(a¯u šinelemüi 3r; [Jayitari] sara-i Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯il-ün terigün bol(an

šinelemüi 10r.

Široi odun Saturn; Saturday: Široi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v. 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v,

52r, 53r, 55v, 56r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u nigen šinede Široi odun-iyar

ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi

terigüten Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v; Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü

(a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( büküy-yin tula. yeke erketü široy-yin èinar buyu 24r; Široi odun kücün

tegüs-ün èa( 24r.

1297
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

šiu [1. Ch. qiu/ch’iu (Mathews 1227)]; autumn, fall; 2. [Ch. shou (Mathews 5837); Mong.

quriya(èi]; to gather in, put away; the 10th of the twelve lords of the day: Qoyar sara-dur edür

söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r; Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi.

kemen ungšimui 35v; šiu quriya(èi edür 36v.

tabun ¯üil five items; the lustrum; after five solar years of 366 days, the sun and moon have

completed a nearly whole number of sidereal revolutions, the former 5, the latter 67; over that

period they have come into conjunction 62 times, for which reason a lustrum comprises 62

synodic months, each reckoned at 29 16/31 solar days but artificially divided into 30 lunar

days (Vogel, 232-233); Dülb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(èin kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü

ta(alal inu tabun ¯üil bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v.

Tabun sara the fifth month: 12r, 12r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v.

tabun šin-e the fifth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v,

18v. 19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r; šin-e-

yin (šinein) tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 53r, 53r, 56v.

Takiy-a èa( 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v; küi takiy-a èa( 7v; ii takiy-a èa( 7v;

ding takiy-a èa( 7v; gi takiy-a èa( 7v; šin takiy-a èa( 7v.

Takiy-a edür 9r, 9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 56r, 56r, 58r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; takiy-a qurièaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

1298
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Takiy-a ¯il Cock year: 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r,

54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; takiy-a ¯ilten 24r, 54v.

Takiy-a sara Cock month: 3v, 15r, 15r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; küi takiy-a sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a

sara 7v; gi takiy-asara 7v; šin takiy-a sara 7v.

tariyaèin 1. farmer; peasant; tariyaèin-u ebesü tegüküi èa( 12r; 2. the Chinese peasant

calendar; the calendar of the twenty-four joints and breath, which gives the changes in climate

necessary for farmers to plant and harvest their crops. See Palmer, T'ung Shu, 64; tariyaèin-

dur 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

tasura- extracalation, i.e., to cut out days of the calendar: tasuraqu bolbasu tere edür

qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v; endegürelügegüy-e qono( tasura(san-i medeküi kereg 4v;

qono( tasura(san ¯ir(u(an sar-a 3v; tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi

3v; qono( tasura(san kiged saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu sayin ma(u aèi ür-

e inu ülü bütüyü 4r; ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui. ¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-

eèe ilegüü qono(ügei bui. tegüber ¯ir(u(an qono( tasuramui 3r; umar-a ¯üg odqui-dur nara

ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad

(urba(ad qono( sa(umui. tegüni qošiyad qošiyad qono(-un odun na(šidar-<y>i to(alaqu

ügei-yin tulada. qono( tasuramui kememüi 4r; ¯arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur

tasuramui 4r; ¯arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r; šin-e-dür inu edür ülü

tasuraqu 3v; qa(uèin-dur tasuraqu 3v; tasuraqu bolbasu tere edür qono( tasura(san-i

uqa(daqui 3v; ilede qono( tasuraqu busu bögetel-e 3v; qono( tasuraqui 3r, 3r; ¯ir(u(an

1299
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qono( tasuraqui yosu 3r; nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono(

tasuraqui 3v; qono( tasuraqui nigen ¯üg-iyer ülü bol(an kièiyen ü¯egdeküi 4r.

Taulai èa( Hare hour: 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r; ding taulai èa( 7v;

gi taulai èa( 7v; šin taulai èa( 7v; küi taulai èa( 7v; ii taulai èa( 7v; ¯un-u (urban sar-a

Taulai Luu Noqai èa( qara 42r

Taulai edür Hare day: 10r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r,

50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v;

Taulai edür tngri-yin (al 9r; Taulai edür Modun odun uèirabasu ed a(urasun nemekü sayin

46v; taulai üiledküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v

Taulai ¯il Hare year: 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v;

Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; taulai ¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v; taulai ¯iltü 53r, 54r,

54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; Taulai Takiy-a ¯il-e ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r.

Taulai sara Hare month: 9r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügey-yin tula-da qorin isün bitegüü

bolumui 3r; ding taulai sara 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; šin taulai sara 7v; küi taulai sara 7v; ii taulai

sara 7v; Töbed-dür Taulai sara 9r.

tedüiken (qubi) the “common” qubi; a unit of time = 48 minutes (S. muhûrta): nigen

dusul qoyar qubi nigen tedüiken kememüi 5v; edür arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; söni arban

tabun tedüiken qubi 5v; edür söni-yin a(ur inu ¯ir(u(an tedüiken qubi bolumui 5v.

1300
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

teng šiu ¯un [Ch. deng/teng “equal” (Mathews, 6178 (p. 893)); Ch. qiu/ch’iu “autumn”

(Mathews, 1227 (p. 176)); Ch. zhong/chung “middle” (Mathews, 1504 (p. 213))]; the middle

month of autumn, i.e., the autumnal equinox; Qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu

6r.

terigü(n) head; first: terigün 52v, 55v; qaburun terigün sara 2r, 2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r; qaburun

terigün Baras sara 2v, 3r; qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r; ¯un-u terigün sara 10r, 11r;

¯un-u terigün Èista sar-a 12r; namurun terigün sara 13r, 14r; namurun terigün burvabadaribad

sara 15r; ebülün terigün sara 16r, 17r; ebülün terigün Margišar sar-a 18r; ¯il-ün terigün 3r, 10r;

eng terigün gšan 5r, 5r; görögesün(-ü) terigün 26r, 59v; mo(ay-yin terigün 27r, 59v; ¯a(an-u

terigün 29v, 31r, 59v, 59v; morin terigün 32v; odun-u terigün 33r; odud-un terigün Kerteg bui

33r; ¯un-u terigün 41r; ebülün terigün 41r; qaburun terigün 41r; namurun terigün 41r; dörben

terigün sara 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r; èa(an baras-un terigün 49r; noqai terigün 49v; kürgegèi-yin

terigün 52v; qaburun (urban sarada<n> terigün inu 55r; ¯un-u (urban sarada<n> terigün inu

55r; namurun (urban sarada terigün inu 55r; ebülün (urban sarada terigün inu 55r; ima(an-u

terigün 59v; morin-u terigün 59v; dörben terigün odun 61v; ¯il ur(uqui-yin terigün-dür

šinelekü inu 3r; köke luu-yin terigün-dür mör (arbasu 49r; terigün-dür ger buu bari 55r;

dörben terigün sarayin terigün-i qara 41r; noqai terigütü 55r; görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü

üsün 30r.

to(ta(èi [Ch. ding/ting, “to fix; settle, arrange, decide,” (Mathews 6393)]; the one that

decides, arranges; 5th of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi

1301
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi

qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; ding to(ta(èi edür 36r.

tong söni in the middle of the night; Kögeler sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai edür tong söni güimüi

42v.

tübšidkegèi [Ch. ping/p’ing, “to level,” (Mathews 5303)]; the one that levels; the 4th of the

twelve lords of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v; ping

tübšidkegèi edür 36r.

tü[g]šigèi [Ch. wei “dangerous, perilous” (Mathews 7056)]; the one that trembles in fear;

8th of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi

to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui

35v; üi tü[g]šigèi edür 36v.

urida former; formerly: urida 38v, 39r, 41r; sar-a-u urida önggeriged mar(ada-yin

(ada(adu na(šidar 3v; ¯arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui. ¯arim sar-a-

dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r; ken urida mordobasu tere daruyu 22v; èereg

mordobasu söni düli-yin urida morda 24r.

uridu former; formerly: uridu 6v, 32v, 32v, 59v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun ügey-yin

tula arban dörben inu arban tabun bolumui 3v; qulu(an-a èa(-un uridu dörben möèe mön

edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; döèin dolo(an on-du saban ügei bögesü uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i

tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v.

1302
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

urtu long (time): edür söni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v; nasun urtu bolqu 45v, 57v;

köbegün töröbesü ebedèinügei nasun urtu bolqu 32r.

urtud- to last a long time; become longer: urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu 5v; edür söni

urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r; ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe qoyin-a edür ulam urtudumui 6r;

¯un-u nara bayiqu egün-eèe qoyin-a [šöni] ulam urtuddumui 6v.

Usun odun the water star; Mercury; Wednesday: 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r.

usun(-u) galab the kalpa of water (33r, 33r).

uu [Ch. wu (Mathews 7197)]; the 5th Heavenly stem: uu güi yile 7v; uu güi edür 7v; šim

baras sara 7v; šim baras èa( 7v; šim luu sara 7v; šim luu èa( 7v; šim morin sara 7v; šim

morin èa( 7v; šim beèin sara 7v; šim beèin èa( 7v; šim noqai sara 7v; šim noqai èa( 7v; šim

qulu(an-a sara 7v; šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v; uu gii/jii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

üdeši evening: üdeši ideši eren güimüi 40r; üdeši x 40r; üd[e]ši-yin èa(-dur ed-iyen baraqu

ma(u bui 56v.

üi [Ch. wei (Mathews 7056); Mong. tügšigèi]; dangerous; perilous; 8th of the twelve lords

of the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui

35v; üi tü[g]šigèi edür 36v.

1303
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Üker èa( Ox hour: 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; ding üker èa( 7v; gi üker èa( 7v;

šin üker èa( 7v; küi üker èa( 7v; ii üker èa( 7v.

Üker (edür) Ox day: 8r, 8r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 19r, 34r, 34v, 37r,

37r, 37v, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v,

55v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; üker ötelküi üküküi 8v, 8v, 9v,

9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, [13v], 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

Üker ¯il Ox year: 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; üker

¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v;üker ¯ilten 54r, 54v.

Üker sara Ox month: 19r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e Üker sara-dur

arban tabunügei 3v; ding üker sara 7v; gi üker sara 7v; šin üker sara 7v; küi üker sara 7v; ii

üker sara 7v; Töbedün-dür Üker sar-a 19r.

ürgül¯ide always: ürgül¯ide 52v; saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu sayin

ma(u aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r; egüride-yin uèiral-iyar ürgül¯ide ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 46r.

yeke sar-a a great month, i.e., a month with a full thirty days; contrast ba(-s sara and

öèüken sar-a; yeke sar-a 51v, 53r; ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a 6v; sara yeke bögesü

51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; saras-un yeke öèüken-i irekü bögesü 7r.

yile year; written not as Mongolian ¯il; the use of Manchu initial y is not found in

Mongolian orthography before the 19th century and in the case of this term its use is not

1304
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

justified by the spoken language; cf. ¯ile in the Erdeni Tobèi (Sa(ang Secen 1991: 102-103):

¯a yii [=¯i] yile 7v; ii geng yile 7v; bing šin yile 7v; ding šim yile 7v; uu güi yile 7v.

yuu sui [Ch. yu “rain”; Ch. shui “water”]; constant rain; the second of the twenty-four joints

and breaths, occurring about February 19 to March 4; when the day begins at 6:53 a.m. and

ends at 6:14 p.m. (see Mathews, 7662.16 (p. 1147) and Palmer, 66); ene on ¯uu [=yuu] sui 7r.

WEATHER/NATURAL PHENOMENA

a(ur [Ch. qi] n. steam, vapor; breath; pneuma; atmosphere; a weather term; the 24 joints and

breaths (Palmer 1986: 64-66; Ho 1966: 53-54); ¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui 4r; edür söni-

yin a(ur 5v; qabur namarun a(ur basa tegünèilen bolumui 6r; tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben

a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r; sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur-ügei bögesü tere saban sara

bolumui 6v; (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur öèüken oromui 8r; (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r;

a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r; qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad 13r; (a¯ar-tur qala(un-u

a(ur (aru(ad küiten-ü a(ur oromui 17r; dörben èa(-un a(ur oroqu 59v.

boro(an rain; boro(an orobasu üsken bolqu 61r; boro(an orobasu qoyin-a qur-a elbeg 61r;

boro(an orobasu basa oro- 61v, 61v, 61v.

bürkü- to become cloudy; to cover; envelop: o(tar(uy-yi egülen bürkü¯ü 4v.

èasu(n) snow: èasu ese orobasu ebül dula(an bolqu 19r; (a¯ar tal-a ödken èasun bolumui

19r.

1305
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

èün/èun [Ch. chun “spring”] (Mathews, 1493 (p. 211)); èün ¯un bolbasu 6r; qoyitu on li

èun 7r.

èün ¯un [Ch. chun “spring” (Mathews, 1493 (p. 211)) and Ch. zhong “middle” (Mathews,

1504 (p. 213))]; the middle of spring, i.e., the vernal equinox; èün ¯un bolbasu 6r.

dula(an warm: (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur öèüken oromui 8r; (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur

oromui 9r; (a¯ar-dur dula(an-u tegši oromui 10r; arban dörben-e èasu ese orobasu ebül

dula(an bolqu 19r.

ebül winter: èasu ese orobasu ebül dula(an bolqu 19r; Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged

Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür

šinelemüi 3r; ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r; ebülün nara bayiqu 6r; tariyaèin-dur ebülün

terigün sara 16r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün terigün sar-a 17r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un

kürdüèin-dür ebülün terigün Margišar sar-a 18r; ebülün terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r;

ebülün dumdadu sara 4r, 5v; tariyaèin-dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 17r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur

ebülün dumdadu sar-a 18r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün dumdadu Bus sar-a

19r; ebülün dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara bui 41r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün

eèüs Mig sara 8r; tariyaèin-dur ebülün eèüs sar-a 18r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün eèüs sar-a

19r; ebülün eèüs ügeyir[e]gülügèi sara bui 41r; ebülün (urban sara 42r, 55r; ebülün (urban

sarada Üker Mo(ai Noqai èa( qara bolumui 42r; qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün

edür bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i èigerle 59r.

egülen clouds: o(tar(uy-yi egülen bürkü¯ü 4v.

1306
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(a¯ar ködel- for the earth to move, i.e., an earthquake (25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r,

27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v,

32r, 32r, 37r).

(ang drought: (ang bolqu 12r, 17r, 25r; (a'ng bolqu 61r.

ges- to melt; thaw: (a¯ar usun èöm gesümüi 9r.

¯okira- to be agreeable, e.g., of weather: ¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui 4r.

¯ud natural disaster; starvation; loss of livestock: nara sara kirtübesü yeke ¯ud bolumui 25v.

¯un summer: qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i èigerle

59r; tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u terigün sara 10r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u terigün sar-a 11r;

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u terigün Èista sar-a 12r; ¯un-u terigün ür-e tasulu(èi

41r; Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r; qara

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 12r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u

dumdadu sar-a 13r; ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u eèüs sara qara 12r;

qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u eèüs sara 13r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u eèüs

Abiji sara 14r; ¯un-u eèüs ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; ¯un-u nara bayiqu 6v; ¯un-u naran bayiqu èa(

12r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 55r; ¯un-u (urban sar-a Taulai Luu Noqai èa( qara 42r.

köke- to become green, i.e., of plants in the springtime: Mig sara ebesün-ü ündüsün

kökemüi 2r.

küiten cold: küiten següder una¯u ebesün qubaraqui èa( 16r; küiten-ü a(ur oromui 17r;

yeke küiten-ü èa( bolumui 17r.

1307
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

li èun [Ch. li “to fix”and chun/ch’un “spring” (Mathews 3921a.34]; beginning of spring; first

of the twenty-four joints and breaths, about February 5-18 (see also Palmer, 66); qoyitu on li

èun 7r.

möndür hail: möndür oro(ulbasu 32r; möndür buu oro(ul 34v; möndür oro(ulqui

terigüten aliba do(šin üile üiledbesü 39r.

namur autumn: tariyaèin-tur namurun terigün sara 13r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun

terigün sar-a 14r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun terigün Burvabadaribad sara

15r; namurun terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r; namur-un dumdadu (sara) 56v; Morin ¯il-

dür namurun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; tariyaèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r; Kitad-un

to(aèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun

dumdadu Ašivani sara 16r; namurun dumdadu ügegüregülegèi 41r; tariyaèin-dur namurun

eèüs sar-a 15r; Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun eèus sar-a 16r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-

dür namurun eèüs Kerteg sar-a 17r; namurun eèüs ügeyiregülügèi sar-a bui 41r; qabur

namarun a(ur 6r; namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r; qabur namurun qu(us¯un ebülün tüil-ün

edür bolai 59r.

ödken èasun heavy snow: (a¯ar tal-a ödken èasun bolumui 19r.

qabur spring: qabur namarun a(ur 6r; qabur namurun qu(us 59r; qaburun terigün sara 2r,

2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r, 41r; qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r; qaburun ekin Baras sar-a Lii-du

ting sang neretü sudur-dur Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u 2v; qaburun ekin 7r;

qaburun terigün Baras sara 2v, 3r; qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r, 41r; qaburun dumdadu

1308
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Jayitari sara 3r, 10r; qaburun eèüs sara 9r, 10r, 41r, 56v; qaburun eèüs Šuša( sara 11r;

qaburun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r.

qala(un hot: (a¯ar-dur qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad lungru neretü èièig delgeremüi 13r;

üker-ün bey-e qala(un bol¯u ebesün èiddlan idemüi 19r; qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad küiten-ü

a(ur oromui 17r.

qorin dörben a(ur èa( [Ch. ershisi jieqi; Tib. dus-tshigs nyer-bzhi]; the twenty-four joints

and breaths; meteorological phases of the solar year. Of these the manual mentions X, Y. For

discussion and listing of these weather terms, see Palmer, 64-66; tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben

a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r.

qur-a rain: 17r, 26r; sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad 1v; qur-a (ese) orobasu 11r, 12r,

13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 61r, 61v; üsken qur-a 11r, 14r; qur-a elbeg 61r.

salkin wind: qur-a ese orobasu ula(an salkin bolumui 11r; yeke salkin bolqu 14r, 15r;

salkin-u èa( ekilemüi 8r.

serigün cool: (a¯ar-dur serigün següder una(ad 14r.

širge- to evaporate: usun širgeyü 30r.

šiu [1. Ch. qiu/ch’iu (Mathews 1227)]; autumn, fall; 2. [Ch. shou (Mathews 5837)]; to

gather in, put away; Mong. quriya(èi; the 10th of the twelve lords of the day: Qoyar sara-dur

edür söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r; Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu

ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v; šiu quriya(èi edür 36v.

una- to fall (of things, weather): qa(uèin nabèi una(ad 3r; (a¯ar-dur serigün següder

una(ad 14r; küiten següder una¯u 16r; tamu-dur unamu 32r.

1309
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

üsken (qur-a) drizzle (see DO, 764a); üsken qur-a oromui 11r; üsken qur-a-yin èa( 14r;

boro(an orobasu üsken bolqu 61r.

yilig [Uy. yilig]; “hot, warm,” (see Clauson’s dictionary, p. 925); yilig 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v,

9v, 12v, 13v, 16v.

yuu sui [Ch. yu “rain”; Ch. shui “water”]; constant rain; the second of the twenty-four joints

and breaths, occurring about February 19 to March 4; when the day begins at 6:53 a.m. and

ends at 6:14 p.m. (see Mathews, 7662.16 (p. 1147) and Palmer, 66); ene on ¯uu [=yuu] sui 7r.

AGRICULTURE

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND NOMADIC LIFE

ada(ula- v.t. to tend cattle: qonin ada(ula(san kümün 4v.

adu(usun/ada(usun/adusun n. [S. tîryak; Tib. byol-song]; animal, animals, livestock;

animals are one of the six forms of existence; see RRS, 126; ada(usun abubasu 21v; adusun

abubasu 22v; mal ada(usun abubasu 26v; ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v; ada(usun

sürüglebesü 21v; adu(usun s[ü]rüglebesü 32r; adu(usun sürüg sal(abasu 35v; adu(usun

sal(an sürüglebesü 36r; ada(usun/adu(usun ¯ibqarabasu 22r, 27r; ada(usun ba ed ¯ibqarabasu

23r; ed ada(usun/adu(usun ¯ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 29r; ada(usun ögbesü 23r,

26v; adu(usun ögbesü 30r; ed mal ada(usun ögbesü 24v; eremdeg-dür ada(usun ögbesü 31r;

ed adu(usun nemeyü 25v; mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v; mal adu(usun buu ög 26r; ed

adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v; adu(usun quriyabasu 26v; adu(usun ba okin ögbesü abubasu 29v;

(a¯ar ködelbesü adu(usun törögülten-dür ma(u 31r; mal adu(usun ögbesü 31v; kümün-e

1310
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

adu(usun ögbesü 36v; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu 43r; adu(usun ögküi üiles

46r; adu(usun sür dalalbasu 46v; kebili-tür adu(usun buu ab 55r; ada(usun olqu 58r;

du(usun qudalduqui 61v; (a¯ar ködelbesü adu(usun-dur ma(u 31r; adu(usun-dur qoor

qorom¯i yeke boluyu 38r; ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; adu(usun-i šin-e

kebtešin-dür kebtegülbesü 36r; adu(usun-i sürüglebesü 37r; mal adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa(

mör (arbasu 24r; ada(usun-u sür dalalbasu 31r.

a¯ar(-a stallion; a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa

talbibasu 35r.

a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu if one picks out a stallion, bull camel or bull; according

to a native informant, Ts. Baatar, when the breeding males are selected from a herd there is

a special rite performed over them. Likely it is not only the selection of the animals but the

rite, itself, referred to here (25r, 25r, 26r);

a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa talbibasu if one picks out a stallion, bull camel, bull or ram

(35r).

bariy-a fetters; a rope for holding oxen or cows by the horns: bariy-a küriy-e dü uèaraqu

50r.

buq-a bull: a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; buq-a talbibasu 28r; a¯ar(-a buur-a

buq-a quèa talbibasu 35r; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü

50v.

buura bull camel: a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa

talbibasu 35r.

1311
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

emegel saddle: morin dobtulbasu morin inu üküyü. ese bögesü emegel qa(arayu 35r.

esü( fermented mare’s milk (see Mostaert, Dictionnaire ordos, 249): suèuli [=saèuli]

saèuqu esü( [=esüg] ¯ula(-un negegemel edür 60v.

¯ele rope stretched along the ground to which tethers for cattle are attached (Lessing, 1045);

qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v.

¯ele-yin (adasun picket post, tethering post; to see this picket post and its use in ritual, cf.

Chabros, illus. 9; qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v.

¯ud natural disaster; starvation; loss of livestock: nara sara kirtübesü yeke ¯ud bolumui 25v.

kebtešin shelter, e.g., for animals: adu(usun-i šin-e kebtešin-dür kebtegülbesü 36r; mal šin-

e kebtešin-e kebtegülbesü 35v, 36v, 36v.

mal livestock: ed mal (ada(ši ögbesü 18r, 41v; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v,

26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v; ed mal ada(usun ögbesü 24v; mal

adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa( mör (arbasu 25r; mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v; mal adu(usun

buu ög 26r; mal ada(usun abubasu 26v; ed mal abubasu 27v, 31r; mal ögbesü 28r, 32r, 34v,

36r, 36v; mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu 29r; mal qudaldubasu 29v; ed mal abubasu 30r; temdegtü

mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu 31r; mal adu(usun ögbesü 31v; ed mal ögbesü 31v; mal šin-e

kebtešin-e kebtegülbesü 35v, 36v, 36v; mal sürüglebesü 37r; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši

(ar(abasu 43r; ed mal ögbesü abubasu 43v; qoriy-a baribasu mal inu qoroqu 48r; ed mal olqu

50r; mal ¯ibqaqu 50v; ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v; ede degedü beri bui ür-e mal delgerekü sayin

52r; ed mal qorom¯i bolqu 56r; ed mal ülü (ar(amui 60v; mal-i öber-e sal(abasu 36v.

mori(n) horse; one of the twelve animals:

1312
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Morin sara 2v, 3v, 12r, 12r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Morin ¯il 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

55v, 58v; morin ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; morin ¯ilten 54v; Mori(n)

edür 10r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r,

50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v; Morin èa( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 53v; èa(an mori una(san 4v; ¯igerde morin

22v; ¯egerde qal¯an morin una(san 4v; ¯igerde morin unu¯u 21v; qong(or morin unu- 4v, 24v,

24v; köke boro mori unu(san 5r; köke morin una¯u 23v; qara morin unu- 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v;

köl morin unu¯u 23r; king morin sara 7v; šim morin sara 7v; ¯a morin sara 7v; bing morin sara

7v; uu morin sara 7v; king morin èa( 7v; šim morin èa( 7v; ¯a morin èa( 7v; bing morin èa(

7v; uu morin èa( 7v; morin ¯ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v;

morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün güièimüi 12r; morin (a¯ar 12r; morin qudaldubasu

25r, 31r, 31r, 31v; ¯a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r; qong(or qal¯an morin qudaldubasu 25r;

morin sur(abasu 21v, 28r, 31v, 34v; ¯a(al morin sur(abasu 29r; morin dobtulbasu 22v, 23v,

30v, 31v, 35r; morin buu dobtul 33v, 34r; morin šin¯ilebesü 27v; morin ögbesü 31v; dörben

odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v; (urban odun[-u] düri inu morin terigün metü bui

32r; morin (inu) üküyü 34r, 35r; erekei-yin èinegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin èinegen morin

unu¯u 39v; morin metü 59v; morin-dur ma(u 41r; morin-u 59r, 59r; unuqu morin-u ¯üsü 52v;

morin-u terigün metü 59v; keger-e moritu kümün-dür ¯ol(oqu 4v.

1313
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

negüdel/negüüdel nomadizing; transhumanance; move; travel: yeke negüdel yabubasu

41v; negüdel negübesü 44r; èereg ba negüüdel buu od 58v.

nitul- to kill, slaughter, esp. of animals: nitulqui-tur duritu 32r; alaqu nitulquy-yi üiledbesü

28r.

nutu(la- to move to a new place: šin-e nutuglabasu 41v.

qayinu( A cross breed between yaks and cattle; qayinu( qudaldubasu 32r; qayinu(-dur

unu¯u 24r.

qoni(n) sheep: qoni(n) 59r; qonin ada(ula(san 4v; šin qonin sara 7v; küi qonin sara 7v;

ii qonin sara 7v; ding qonin sara 7v; gii qonin sara 7v; šin qonin èa( 7v; küi qonin èa( 7v; ii

qonin èa( 7v; ding qonin èa( 7v; gi qonin èa( 7v; qonin kürteküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; Qonin èa( 10r, 50r, 51r; Qoni(n) (edür) 10r, 11r, 11r, 14r, 16r, 18r,

18r, 19r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v,

50r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; Qonin sara 13r, 13r, 40r,

40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; qonin

èaddu(ad tar(u güièi¯u 13r; qonin (a¯ar-a 15r; Qonin ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; qoni(n) ¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v;

qonin abasu 27r; qoni yama(-a sürüglebesü 31v; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui

33r; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Asli( buyu 33v; èa(an qonin šigüsü-ber takibaèu ülü

oyišiyamu keme¯üküi 60v; nara Qonin-u gertür oro(san 10r.

qonièin shepherd: qonièin-i eribesü 35r.

1314
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qoriy-a/qoriyan enclosure; corral: qoriyan bosqabasu 42v; qoriy-a baribasu 42v, 48r; tngri-

yin qoriyan-dur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

qorom¯i loss: qoor qorom¯i 41r; Naran 'al Široi ed[e]n-dür adu(usun-dur qoor qorom¯i

yeke boluyu 38r; Nara odun-dur ed mal qorom¯i bolqu 56r.

quèa ram: a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa talbibasu 35r.

qura(ala- to lamb: qonin èa(-iyar qura(alamui 10r.

qurièa/quraèi/quraèa- to love passionately; to rut (of animals): noqai quraèi¯u

[=qurièa¯u] 16r; arsalan quraèimui 14r; takiy-a qorièaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v; üker qurièaqui sar-a 11r; qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r.

sur(a- to train an animal: morin sur(abasu 21v, 28r, 31r, 34v; una(an sur(abasu 23r, 32r;

üker sur(abasu 28v; ¯a(al morin sur(abasu 29r.

sürüg herd: adu(usun sürüg sal(abasu 35v.

sürügle- to herd: ada(usun sürüglebesü 21v, 32r; adu(usun-i sürüglebesü 37r; qoni

yama(-a sürüglebesü 31v; adu(usun sal(an sürüglebesü 36r; mal sürüglebesü 37r.

tar(ul- to fatten up: morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u 12r.

temdeg mark; brand: temdegtü adu(usun ögbesü 30r; kümün-e temdegtü mal (ada(ši

(ar(abasu 31r.

una(an foal: una(an sur(abasu 23r, 32r; (a¯ar-dur serigün següder una(ad qulan una(an-

iyan telèiyemüi 14r.

1315
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

üker ox; one of the twelve animals: Üker sara 19r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui

bögetel-e Üker sara-dur arban tabunügei 3v; ding üker sara 7v; gi üker sara 7v; šin üker sara

7v; küi üker sara 7v; ii üker sara 7v; Töbedün-dür Üker sar-a 19r; Üker èa( 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; ding üker èa( 7v; gi üker èa( 7v; šin üker èa( 7v; küi üker èa( 7v; ii üker

èa( 7v; Üker (edür) 8r, 8r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 19r, 34r, 34v, 37r, 37r,

37v, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v,

55v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Üker ¯il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; üker ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v; üker ¯ilten

54r, 54v; üker ötelküi üküküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, [13v],

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; šitügen-ü

eke Üker (a¯ar-a 9r; üker unu(san 5r; qoyar yaba(an üker unu(sun [. . .] kümün 4v; Üker-ün

ger nara Üker-ün ger-dür oro(san 11r; nara Üker-ün ger-dür oro(san-u tula üker qurièaqui

sar-a bui 11r; üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r; üker sur(abasu 28v; üker abubasu

31v; tariyan taribasu üker üküyü 34r; nigen üker-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen

üker-<y>i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Rôkini buyu 33v; Qulu(an-a Üker-lu(-a [=üker-lüge] Nara Saran

'al Široi ede dörben odun uèarabasu 46r; noqai ¯iltü-yi ükertü buu ög 54v; üker-ün 59r; Üker

sar-a mön-ü tula. üker-ün bey-e qala(un bol¯u ebesün èiddlan idemüi 19r; üker-ün üsün mör

(arbasu ma(u 49r.

üniy-e cow: üniyen-ü 59r.

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yama(-a/yama(an/ima(an goat: qoni yama(-a sürüglebesü 31v; yama(an-u eber 21v;

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü 42v; ima(an-u 59r; ima(an-u terigün metü 59v.

FARMING

a(ur tegerm-e n. mortar mill; a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 36v, 37r; see G. Kara, 1979:

198; 1984: 349.

a(urqai mine; granary, silo; nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi (odun) 33r,

33v; a(urqai bulabasu 42v; a(urqai erübesü 42v.

buudai wheat; buuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemüi 10r.

isün ¯üil tariyan nine kinds of grains. Various kinds of grains are listed in Sárközi's BTD,

5646-5670, pp. 386-387. The Vaidûrya dKar-po mentions seven kinds of crops used in ritual

(TEDP, 216); five kinds of grain are mentioned in the Zhiyuan yiyu/Tche-yuan yi-yu (Ligeti

and Kara, 1990: 267-268); there is a also a Chinese constellation, the eight grains (bagu/pa-ku

[Schlegel 1967: 378]): isün ¯üil tariyan 30r, 31r.

¯anèi- 1. to beat, hit, punish; 2. to thresh, i.e., grain: isün ¯üil tariyan-i ¯anèibasu 30r; edür

kümün-i ülü qariyaqu ¯anèiqu 57v; Noqai edür noqai ülü te¯igekü ülü alaqu ülü ¯anèiqu 58r.

köröngge seed: tariyan-u köröngge (a¯ar oroba 10r; tariyan-dur köröngge orkibasu 46v;

köröngge saèaqu [=saèuqu] 48r.

nitul- to kill, slaughter, esp. of animals: nitulqui-tur duritu 32r; alaqu nitulquy-yi üiledbesü

28r.

qadu- to harvest: qamu( tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r.

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qadu(ur/qada(ur [Tib. dgra zor]; the sickle (cf. ODT,16); ebdegèi edürün belge inu

qada(ur bui 20v; ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v; belge inu qara

qada(ur 43v; ¯ir(u(an qadu(ur odun 32v; ¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun 33v; ¯ir(u(an qada(ur

odun Anurad buyu 34r; èisun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; oroi-

ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r.

saèu- to scatter; sprinkle: ür-e saèubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 32r; tariyan saèubasu

22r, 30v; usun saèu(ad 21v; miq-a-yi mungna¯u saèu(ad 22r; boskil saèu¯u 24r; köröngge

saèaqu [=saèuqu] 48r; suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu 60v; ür-e saèuqui 45v.

sang 1. ?; 2. [Ch. ts’ang (Mathews 6707)]; a treasury; granary: Kitad-un Lii du ting sang

neretü sudur 2v; küü sang negebesü 22v, 36r, 37r; küü sang-un ger baribasu 25v; küü sang-un

ger bosqabasu 30r; küü sang bari(èi odun 59r; sang negebesü 36r; sang ülü negekü 35v; sang

negegekü 48r; sang quriyang(ui mör (arbasu ma(u 49r; degüreng sang mör (arbasu sayin

49r; tngri-yin sang 49v; tngri-yin sang-dur mör (arbasu sayin 49r; dolo(an orong(-a-du

tama(-a-dur sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v; sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r; sang-un ger

bosqabasu 36v.

sebeg wicker basket: qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r.

suba( ditch, trench, canal: suba( tatabasu 22r, 25v, 37r; usun suba( tatabasu 36r; suba(

¯asabasu 42r.

tari- to sow, plant: tariyan buu tari 33v; modun taribasu 22r, 32r, 35r; modun èièig taribasu

35v, 36r; tariyan taribasu 24v, 27v, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v; tariyan

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ceèig taribasu 36v, 36v; tariyan modun taribasu 37r, 47v; qadatu (a¯ar-tur taribasu 35v;

tariyan tariqu sayin edür 55v.

tariyala- to cultivate the soil: tariyan tariyalabasu 10r.

tariyalang arable land; field: tariyalang-un (a¯ar qudalduqui . . .üiles 45v.

tariyaèin 1. farmer; peasant; tariyaèin-u ebesü tegüküi èa( 12r; 2. the Chinese peasant

calendar; the calendar of the twenty-four joints and breath, which gives the changes in climate

necessary for farmers to plant and harvest their crops. See Palmer, T'ung Shu, 64; tariyaèin-

dur 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

tariyan grain; crop: tariyan 26v; degedü amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(èid 1v; ür-e

tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r; tariyan-u köröngge (ajar oroba 10r; tariyan-dur

köröngge orkibasu 46v; tariyan tariyalabasu 10r; tariyan-u üile üiledbesü 14r; qamu( šiba(un

tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui 15r; qamu( tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r; qamu( tariyan

tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r; tariyan saèubasu 22r, 30v; tariyan taribasu 23v, 27v, 28v,

29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v; tariyan tariqu sayin edür 55v; tariyan seèig taribasu

36v, 36v; tariyan modun taribasu 37r, 47v; tariyan elbeg bolqu 29r; isün ¯üil tariyan-i

¯anèibasu 30r; isün ¯üil tariyan (ada(ši ögbesü 31r; ür-e tariyan ögbesü 30r; tariyan-u ebesün

tegübesü 30v, 41r; tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi (odun) 33r, 33v; tariyan buu tari 33v;

tariyan buu ög. 34r; tariyan-u (a¯ar olqu 46v; tariyan tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad 58r.

tariyan tömösün field crops: qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r; qamu(

tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r; tariyan tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r.

tata(al aqueduct, small canal, ditch: tata(al usun tatabasu 12r.

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tegerme/tegerm-e mill: tegerm-e bosqabasu 42v; usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r; a(ur

tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 37r; a(ur tegerme bosqabasu 36v.

tegü- to pick; gather: tariyan-u ebesün tegübesü 30v, 42r; tariyaèin-u ebesü tegüküi èa(

12r.

tömösü(n) bulbous plants: qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r; qamu(

tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r; tariyan tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r.

usun tegerme water mill: usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r.

ür-e 1. seed, grain, fruit; 2. results; 3. progeny: aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r; aèi ür-e inu maši

yeke bol[u]yu 38r; aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e inu

maši sayin bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e inu küsel-iyer bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e bütükü 46r; ür-e tariyan-

u sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r; ür-e tariyan ögbesü 30r; ür-e saèubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v,

29v, 32r; ür-e saèuqui 45v; ür-e ügei kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 27r; ür-e-ügei kümün-i ür-e-

tei bol(a(èi odun 33r; ür-e-ügei bol- 52v, 52v; qan kümün-i ür-e alda(ula(èi 33r, 33v; ür-e

tasulu(èi (odun) 34r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 59r; ür-e tasura- 41v, 52v, 52v, 61r; ür-e inu

ülü bayimui 34v; ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui 46r; ür-e sadun qa(aèiqu 46v; ür-e sadun

delgereged 52v; qoyitu ür-e (uyiranèi bolumui 47v; qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e inu bayan bolu(ad

47v; ür-e mal delgerekü sayin 52r; ür-e èuqa( 52r; ür-e-ügei kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun

33r; to(an-u aè'i ür-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggüi ü¯igülbe 1v; aèi ür-e-yin uèaral-iyar bolumui

46r; qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e inu bayan bolu(ad 47v.

ür-e tariyan produce (i.e. of agriculture): ür-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r; ür-e

tariyan ögbesü 30r.

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HUNTING AND FISHING

aba morda- to set off on a hunt: niru(un-tur èerig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v.

šigürde- to catch fish by groping for them in the water: ¯i(asun šigürdebesü 36v.

PERSONAL NAMES

Nagajun-a/Nagajuna [S. Nâgârjuna; Tib. Klu sgrub; Mong. Luus bütügsen]; name of the

famous founder of the Mâdhyamika school of thinking (2nd cent. A. D.) which posed that

“things have no substance, no essence, no independent existence of any kind, but “exist” only

as aggregates of condition and relations (Lessing, 1177, 1189); Nagajun-a ba(ši terigüten

merged Èa(-un kürdün terigüten sudur-tur nomla¯uqui 3r; Nagajuna ba(ši nomlaba 4r;

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör(arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü

kürdün bui 49v; ¯arli( nom kiged Nagajuna terigüten degedü merged-ün ta(alal inu busu buyu

kemebesü. èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara mör tögerekü kiged ¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui 4r;

Nagajun-a-yin; arban qoyar šitün barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün-eèe Nagajun-a-

yin ¯okiya(san yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v; Nagajuna-yin ta(alal 3v.

Šingq-a sari ?[personal name]; ?the lion throne; perhaps the famous Uygur translator of the

10th century, Sïngqu-a Säli Tutung (cf. Elverskog and Zieme); perhaps an epithet of Buddha,

bandida šigqua sari “the teacher on the lion throne;” tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida Šingq-a

sari ügüler-ün 1v.

Yang Gung-¯ii [=Yang Gung-yii] Yang Gungyi; Mostaert identifies Yang Gung yii in H.

A. Giles, A Chinese Biographical Dictionary, 1898, p. 909, as Iang Koung i, a celebrated

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astronomer (1225-1294 [MMAD, 34, n. 91]); see also Heissig and Bawden, 1971: 164 (¯ang

kög kemekü edür); arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u

edür-<y>i ü¯ekü anu 47r.

REFERENCES/SOURCES

Abidarm-a [S. abhidharma; Tib. chos mngon]. name of the third section of the Buddhist

basic scriptures, constituting a systematization of the Buddhist scriptures; Mong. ayima( saba

(Lessing, 1159); degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal the tenets of the supreme Abhidharma (2v).

Altan gerel – the Suvarnaprabhâsa-sûtra; Altan gerel ungši 42v.

arvis tarni [S.. vidyâ mantra]; sacred spell; magic spell (Lessing, 1161); see also MSD,

35; arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

Ayuši-yin nom the dharma of Ayushi; Aparimitâyurhyânasûtra: see Raghu Vira, BSD,

45; RRS, 636; Ayuši-yin nom ungšiqui [. . .] üiles-dür sayin 45v.

Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün the tantra of Vajradâkinî; Banjar dagini-yin ündüsün 3r.

Bandida Šinq-a Sari ?personal name, quoted 1v.

Èa(-un kürdün [S. kâlacakra]; wheel of time; this is the Kâlacakratantra, the main source

of Tibetan mathematics and time reckoning; see Lessing, 1174 under kyrdyn; the wheel of

time is a simple instrument for obtaining, by observation, the sun’s altitude and zenith

distance; it’s simply a wheel, suspended by a string, graduated to degrees, having its lowest

point and the extremities of its horizontal diameter marked, and with a projecting peg at the

center; when used, its edge is turned toward the sun, so that the shadow of the peg falls upon

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the graduated periphery, and the distances of the point where it meets the latter from the

horizontal and lowest points of the wheel respectively are the required altitude and zenith

distance of the sun; from these the time may be derived (Burgess 1859: 37-39, 261, 407);

Èa(-un kürdün 1v, 2r, 3r, 3r, 11r, 45r; Èa(-un kürdüèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

Dülb-a the Vinaya section of the Kanjur (3v [see RRS, 677]).

Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün the Úri-cakrasamvara-tantarâja, cf. Ligeti (1944): 19. see

also KOT, 13; Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün 2v.

®irüken tarni the Heart dharani; cf. RRS, 427, 616; ®irüken tarni uribasu 25v.

Keriy-e-yin ündüsün the Crow Tantra (56v). There are several texts that deal with crow

behavior. One is in the Tanjur in the sutra section called in Sanskrit Kakajariti (On the

sounds of the crow), vol. 123, fol. 221, Narthang edition. For its English translation, see

Berthold Laufer, TP 15 (1914): 1-110. See also Loewe and Blacker, eds., 22.

Lii du ting sang ?a Chinese astrological text; Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neretü sudur-dur

Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u šinelekü bolai 2v.

Manjušari-[yin] ündüsün The Mañjuúrîmûlatantra: Enedk[e]g-eèe orèi(ulu(san

Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris 2r.

Maq-a maya[y-yin] ündüsün The Mahâmâyatantra-nâma; cf. Newman, p. 402; burqan

bodisü[n]g-nar Èa(-un kürdün ba. Jagr-a sambur-a terigüten kiged Maq-a mayai Manjušari-

aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v.

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Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin sudur Mûlamadhyamakakârikâ; Nagajun-a ba(ši terigüten merged

Èa(-un kürdün terigüten sudur-tur nomla¯uqui 3r.

Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur The heart of the sun sutra; S. Sûryagarbhasûtra (cf. MSD,

310; Ligeti (1944): 272; Mongolian Kanjur, vol. 82, folio 125v-313v, p. 250-626; na(šidar

anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar

tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v.

Ükügsed-ün nom ?the book of the dead (60v). The reference is likely to a funerary text.

See the term ükügsed, a plural form of ükügsen (that which has died), in the Altan Saba

(Golden vessel [Krueger 1965: 232, passim; Sárközi 1989: 320]).

CULTURE

DEATH AND BURIAL

abdara n. trunk, chest; üküger-ün abdara (coffin): üküger-ün abdara kibesü 37r.

bulaši something buried; place where something is buried; grave: bulaši bulabasu 21v;

bulaši buu bula 34v.

kegüür/kegür corpse: kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui 20r;

kegüür oroši(ulbasu 35v, 43v; kegür-ün nüke metü 59v.

ükü- to die: ükübesü 28v, 29r, 30r; kümün ükübesü 22v, 25r, 26r, 26r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 31v,

41v; nara sara ükübesü 27r, 32r; qorin naiman nasun-a ese ükübesü ¯iran nasulayu 61v;

ükügsen-dür buyan üiledbesü 22v, 29v; ükügsen-tür tüliši ögbesü 29r; okin kümün ükügsen-i

sonostaqu 57v; ötegü ükügsen-ü gerte-eèe morin qudaldubasu 31r; ükügsen kümün 24v;

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ükügsen kümün-e tüliši ögbesü 26v; ükügsen kümün-dür tüliši ögbesü 29r; ükügsen kümün-ü

yasun tüleküi 27r; ükügsen kümün-dü(r) buyan üiledbesü 31r, 32r; ükügsen kümün-i

[=kümün-ü] yasun (ar(abasu 35v; ükügsen kümün-e ya(um-a kibesü 44r; amidu ba ükügsen

qoyar-un üile 29v; ükükü edür 27v; ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui 20r;

ulus-un noyan ükükü 27v; usun-dur ükükü ¯aya(atu bui 31r; e¯in inu ükükü 35r; èereg-ün

noyan ükükü 40r; beri ba(ul(abasu ükükü 40r; kümün ükükü 40r, 41r; ¯irüken metü amara(

köbegün ükükü 42r; bey-e inu ükükü 50r, 50r; ede ükükü beri bui ma(u 52r; em-e abubasu

qa(aèiqu ükükü ma(u bui 53r; arban kümün-eèe isün kümün-i ükükü maši ma(u edür bui

53v; qan kümün törö¯ü ükükü odun 59r; kümün ükükü ger baribasu 60r; ¯a(u qono(-du ükükü

60r; ötelküi üküküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui 45r; degerükei sedkilten ükümüi 28v;

köbegün töröbesü em-e-lüge-ben ülü ¯okildun bo(o¯u ükümüi 30v; (a¯ar ködelbesü usun

elbeg bol¯u amitan usun-dur ükümüi 31v; kümün üküyü 26r, 43r; ¯ir(u(an kümün üküyü 25r;

köbegün töröbesü eèige inu üküyü 29v; üker üküyü 34r; morin (inu) üküyü 34r, 35r; burqan-u

e¯in mese-dür üküyü 34v

üküger corpse: üküger qara ¯arudasun odun 59r; üküger-i nomo(adqabasu 46v; üküger-ün

qan ada adalamui 26r; üküger-ün sünesün 35v; üküger-ün yasun ¯asabasu 36v; üküger-ün

abdara kibesü 37r; üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu 48v.

ükügür-ün èidköd the demons of a corpse; cf. Mostaert DO, 548b and MMAD, 35, n. 92;

üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu 48v.

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ükügsed the dead; those who have died: ükügsed-dür buyan üiledbesü 21v, 25v, 30v;

ükügsed-dür tüliši buu ög 26r; ükügsed-ün yasun (ar(abasu tüliši ögbesü 28v; ükügsed-ün

nom 60v.

ükügsed-dür tüliši ög- to offer a commemoration for the dead; see RRS, 616; ükügsed-dür

tüliši buu ög 26r.

Ükügsed-ün nom ?the book of the dead (60v). The reference is likely to a funerary text.

See the term ükügsed, a plural form of ükügsen (that which has died), in the Altan Saba

(Golden vessel [Krueger 1965: 232, passim; Sárközi 1989: 320]).

ükül death: ükül ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ükülün e¯en 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r; Üker ükülün e¯en 8r; ükül-ün na(šidar 30v; ükül-ün segül 41r; ükül-ün segül

tasulbasu 32r; ükül-ün segül ülü tasuriyu 34r; usu (al qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün uèiral bui 46r;

ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r; ükül-ün yasun ü¯ekü üile 57r; Burvabalguni

Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui 60v.

ükülün e¯en [S. Yama; Tib. gshin rje]; the lord of death; Erlig, Tib. gshin rje, for Yama,

ruler of the underworld, is also known as ükülün ejin "Lord of Death"; see ODT, 82; ükülün

e¯en 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

yasu(n) bone: qara yasutu meneki mör [(arbasu] ma(u 49r; yasutu meneki metü 59v;

yasutu menekey-yin kürmeli 60r; kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 23r, 24v, 25v, 27r, 30v, 35v;

ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür 27r; ükügsed-ün yasun (ar(abasu 28v; yasun (ar(abasu

30r, 31v, 40r, 41r, 42r, 43v, 44r, 47v; yasun buu (ar(-a ((ar(abasu) 33v, 34r, 43r, 55r;

kümün-ü yasun bulabasu 32r; kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi Tanis

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buyu 33v; qa(uèin üküger-ün yasun ¯asabasu 36v; eèige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v;

kümün-ü yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r; yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu 55v; ükül-

ün yasun ü¯ekü üile bolqu 57r; mör ba yasun buu (ar(-a 58v.

KINDS OF PEOPLE

aba(-a n. paternal uncle: eèige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu if one buries the bones of one’s

paternal uncle (42v).

aèi grandson, granddaughter; nephew, niece: qula(ayièi-yin aèi inu ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 31v;

köbegün aèinar olan bolumui 38r; köbegün aèinar delgerekü 57v; köbegün aèinar-i öber-e

sal(abasu 34r.

altaèin – goldsmith; (a¯ar ködelbesü altaèin-a ma(u bui 28v.

anda sworn brother; friend; quda anda bol- 10r, 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v, 56r, 61v; qudda

anda bolulèibasu 28r, 28r, 29r, 31r, 32r; quda anda eribesü 31r.

aq-a elder brother; elder relative; elder: aq-a yeke kümün 4v; aq-a degüü 30r; aqa degüü

qoyar kümün uèira¯u ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 25v; aq-a degüü qoyar terigülen qula(uyu 26r; bombo

aq-a degüü qoya(ula ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 26r; aq-a kümün-ü üiles-dür sayin 30r.

arad [used as sing. and pl., originally pl. of aran] commoner: bertegèin arad nigen

amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki 5r; (a¯ar ködelbesü yeke arad toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v; olan arad ¯okiqu

56r; ma(ui arad-i sayid-un ¯erge-dür oro(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un

¯erge-dür oro(ulu(èi Qasta buyu 33v; ma(u arad-lu(-a ¯ol(oqu 57r.

aran man, person, commoner: ma(u aran-lu(-a uèirabasu 22v.

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ar(-a biligten those possessing skillful means and wisdom (Lessing, 51): (a¯ar ködelbesü

ar(-a beligten öber ¯a(uraban ebderemü 31v.

arilu(sad those who are purified: (anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar arilu(sad 1v.

arši [Tib. drang srong; Skt. rshi]; sage, hermit; (cf. Lessing, 1161); cf. also ODT, 65-66; arši

1v; arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge 20r; arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung-¯ii kemekü arši-

narun ügülegsen ma(u edür-<y>i ü¯ekü anu 47r.

ba(atur hero: üiles-dür mergen ölöng aburitu seèin ba(atur dayisun-i daru(ad 25v;

ü¯esküleng-tü ba(atur tegüs ¯ir(alang-du boluyu 25v.

ba(ši a master; learned lama; conjurer; Nagajun-a ba(ši 3r, 4r; ba(ši kümün-i èidker

bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi (odun) 33v, 33v; ba(ši on-du ülü kürkü 41r; Nagajun-a ba(ši-

yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 49v.

balai kümün a blind person: balai kümün-i nidüt[e]i bol(a(èi 33v.

bandi/band’i [S. vandya “one to be saluted”]; novice in Buddhist orders; disciple or

famulus of a lama (Lessing, 82): bandi/band’i 22v, 23v, 24r, 26r; ba(ura(san bandi 24v;

bandi bombo kümün 31r.

bandida [S. pandita]; savant: bandida Šingq-a sari 1v.

barama i¯a(ur-tan the caste of the wretched (31v); for various kinds of origins of people

see Sárközi BTD, 276, #3856.

baras metü kümün a tiger-like person: baras metü kümün erebesü 27v.

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belbesün widow: belbesün qatun kümün ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 22r; belbesün em-e 25r, 25v, 29v;

belbesün em-e abubasu 25r, 32r; beri abubasu belbesün bolumui 43r; dörben belbesün odun

kemebesü Kerteg Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan kiged buyu 61r.

beri/ber’i bride; for more on Mongolian nuptial rites, see RRS, 564-574; for divinations

concerning marriage in the Vaidûrya dKar-po, see TEDP, 194-223: beri/ber’i ba(ul(a- 22r,

22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r,

31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 36v, 40r, 41r, 41v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 53r, 60r; ber'i/beri buu

ba(ul(-a 33v, 34r, 34v; okin ber'i ögbesü 22v, 35v; beri buu ög 58v; ber'i/beri ab- 25r, 29r,

30r, 35r, 35r, 41v, 42v, 45v, 52r, 55v; beri/ber’i buu ab 43r, 51v, 55r; beri abubasu u(tubasu

29r; ülü ¯okiqu beri 52r; qa(aèiqu beri 52r, 52r; ayul bolqu beri 52r; degedü beri 52r; dumda

beri 52r; eèüs beri 52r; ükükü beri 52r; beri kötelügèi 52v; beri (al-du mörgügülkü èa( 53v;

beri mör (arqu ¯üg 54r; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; kon-dur uèira(san beri 54r;

buyan kešig bari(san beri 54r; da-dur ucira(san beri 54r; kümün-ü yasun bari(san beri 54r;

ken-dür uèira(san beri 54r; niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri 54r; kam-dur uèira(san beri

54r; gin-dür uèira(san beri 54r; oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r; jen-dür

uèira(san köl göq-a-bar tata(ci beri 54v; sön-dür uèira(san beri 54v; mo(ai morin ¯iltü beri-

dür ülem¯i ma(u 54r; beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui 52r; lii-dür uèira(san

beri-yi abubasu 54r; beri-yin amin oqor boluyu 34v; beri-yin maqabud-un öngge-yin debel

emüsteküi 52r; beri-yin dörben šilmus 52r; beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu ¯üg 53v.

bertegèin arad ignorant commoner (5r).

bertegèin köbegün ignorant son, boy (2r).

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bo(ol slave: bo(ol qudaldubasu 25r, 25v, 26r, 28v; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu narin bo(ol ma(u

sedke¯ü kümün-dür (ar(a¯u ögbe 28r; bo(ol ¯arudasun abqui 61v.

bombo [Tib. bon po]; bon priest, follower of the Bon religion: bombo 26r; bombo kümün

4v, 5r; band’i (ba) bombo 22v, 24v, 26r, 31r; tüliši ögbesü bombo-nardur ma(u 30v.

Èa(-un kürdüèin those who follow the Kâlacakratantra: 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 13r,

14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

èai qudalduèin tea merchant (30r).

èerig/èereg/èireg/èirig soldier; soldiers; army: èerig mordobasu 9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 29r;

èereg mordobasu 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 61v; èireg

mordobasu 41r, 45r; èireg mordaqui 46r; èireg mordaqu edür 48v; èirig mordabasu 44r; èerig

buu morda 34v; aman-dur èirig buu morda 55r; èirig ayan mordabasu 42r; niru(un-tur èerig

ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v; èereg uduridbasu 23r, 24v; èirig uduridbasu 40r; èireg degerm-e

odbasu 31r; èireg ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu 32r; èirig degerm-e kiged do(šin üiles 40r; èereg

ba negüüdel buu od 58v; èirig-eèe busud-dur ma(u 48v; èereg-ün noyan 21v; dayisun-u èereg-

ün noyan 22r, 23v, 24r; dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan 21v, 24v; èereg-ün noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v;

èereg-ün noyan ükükü 40r; tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( 22v.

èerig-ün noyan [T. dmag-dpon]; the commander of the army; a Buddhist term, one of the

Seven Jewels (see RRS, 141); èereg-ün noyan 21v; dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan 22r, 23v, 24r;

dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan 21v, 24v; èereg-ün noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v; èereg-ün noyan ükükü

40r; tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( 22v.

èinadus [pl. of èinadu]; adversaries, enemies (obs.): èinadus-un dayisun 22r.

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dayisun [Tib. nad-dgra]; enemy: èisun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu 17r; dayisun darubasu

21v; dayisun daruqu üiles 31r; dayisun esergü ire- 22r, 24r, 24v; köbegün töröbesü dayisun

olan bolu(ad 28v; ese sana(san (ajar-aèa dayisun bolqu 42v; dayisun ¯ol(aqu 49v, 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v, 50v; dayisun uèaraqu 49v; dayisun bolqu 50v; nigen kümün ki¯a(ar dayisun daru(èi

odun 59r; dayisun-a ¯ol(a- 34v, 50v, 60v; èinadus-un dayisun-dur odbasu 22r; dayisun-dur

¯ol(o-/¯ol(a- 27r, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 34v, 49v, 50v; dayisun-i esergü ireküi-tür 21v, 23r, 23v;

dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 21v; dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r; dayisun-i daru- 22r, 22r, 23r,

23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25v, 29r, 45r, 46r; dayisun-i daruqu üiles 23v, 26r, 29r, 42v;

dayisun-i kesegeküi mandal egüdbesü 31v; dayisun-i qari(ulun èidamu 32v; dayisun-lu(-a

(adquldubasu 29v, 32r; dayisun-lu(-a buu (adquldu 34r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün

sayin 48v; dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; dayisun-u noyan 23r; dayisun-u

ner-e-yi bièibesü sayin 27r; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi ¯irubasu 27v, 32r; dayisun-u

qariyal qari(ulbasu 27v; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal abubasu 27v; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u]

ayul bolqu 46r; Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; dayisun-u qotan

bal(asun-i quriyaqui 61v.

deged doorad ügülegèi em-e kümün a prattling woman (22r).

degedüs [pl. of degedü] ancestors; saints; see Chabros, 1992: 37; ma(ad degedüs-ün ¯erge-

dür oroqu 24r; degedüs-<y>i kündülebesü 30r, 34r; degedüs-<y>i takiqui 61r.

degerem qula(ayièi robber; bandit (4v).

degerükei sedkilten haughty-minded ones (28v).

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

degüü younger sibling, relative or companion: degüü 51v, 51v; aqa degüü 26r; aqa degüü

qoyar 25v, 26r, 30r.

do(alang eremdeg kümün a crippled person (23v); do(olang yerimdeg [=¯eremdeg] a(sad

(a¯ar 24r.

dooridu ma(u kümün a bad lowly person (5r).

ebedèin-ü kümün a sick person: ebedèin-ü kümün saki(ulsun üiledbesü 28v.

ebügen old man: ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür ötegüü ebügen emegen buu od 27r;

eremdeg ebügen 31r.

eèige father: köbegün töröbesü eèige inu üküyü 29v; eèige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v;

ni(un töröbesü do(šin gara(-un dotor-a oroši¯u eèige eke-yu(an [=yügen] ¯arumui 43r; ede

sarada eèige eke-de ma(u 51r, 51r; eèige eke degüü amidu bögesü mön tegün-dü ma(u 51v.

egeèi elder sister; elder female relative; elder female person: egeèi kümün-dür ¯ol(oqu 4v.

e¯en/e¯in lords, masters, rulers, owners; refers to both people and spirits: ükülün e¯en

8r/ükülün e¯in 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; burqan-u e¯in mese-dür üküyü

34v; debel ba ger ed'kebesü e¯in inu ükükü 35r; arban qoyar e¯in 35v; tngri-yin Vim-a neretü

degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün inu (a¯arun e¯in

qa(an kemegdeyü 39v; ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v; (a¯ar-un

e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r; šin-e ger-dür orobasu gerün e¯in qa(acaqu 47v; tngri (a¯ar-un

on sara edür èa( möèe. odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in inu tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r;

(anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in odun 59r; šin-e asaraqu ba da(a(ulbasu e¯in-dü ma(u 53v; (a¯ar-

un e¯in-i takibasu 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( 24r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

eke 1. mother; refers to both people and spirits; 2. origin source; see also eki: šitügen(-ü)

eke 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; šitügen eke Takiy-a (a¯ar-a 8r; šitügen-ü

eke Üker (a¯ar-a 9r; beri-yin dörben šilmus kemebesü dayiwang dayiqu šitügen eke. lii külil

tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keèiyenü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52r; dayiwang tayiqu qangpan qongpan

šitügen-ü eke šabšu kiged-ün ¯üg buu yabu 53r; eèige eke degüü amidu bögesü mön tegün-dü

ma(u 51v; dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; ede sarada eèige eke-

de ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada qadam eèige eke-de ma(u 51r; qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u

52v; basa nigen eketü 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 55r,

56r, 60v; nigen eketü 52r; eèige eke-yu(an [=yügen] ¯arumui 43r.

elèi messenger; ambassador: elèi ¯arubasu 31v.

emèi doctor, physician: emèi otaèi kümün 4v.

em-e female; woman: em-e kümün 15r, 22r, 23r; em-e kümün-dür ¯ol(aqu 5r; belbesün

em-e kümün 25r, 29v; belbesün em-e abubasu 25r, 32r; em-e abubasu 28v, 36v, 37r, 53r, 53r;

šin-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r; öber-ün dayan-u küèün yeke bögesü ber em-e köbegün kiged.

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; nigen eketü ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg kemebesü er-e-

yin em[-e] ¯üg-eèe ba(u(daqui 52r; em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u 52v; em-e abqu er-e

kümün-ü nasun ü¯egdeküi 53r; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü 54v; qoyar qulu(an-a ¯iltü er-e

em-e bolbasu [. . .] 54v; taulai qonin (aqai ¯ilten ¯okiqu sayin ede ¯ilten er-e em-e bolbasu

uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un sayin köbegün törökü bui 54v; nigen em-e isün er-e-yi daruqu odun

59r; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu doron-a ¯üg-ün kümün qula(uyu belbesün em-e-dür qudaldu¯u amu

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25v; sara ba(-a bögesü em-e-eèe buru(u to(ola 51v; köbegün töröbesü em-e-lüge-ben ülü

¯okildun bo(o¯u ükümüi 30r; nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad buyu 34r.

emegen old woman; wife; grandmother: ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür ötegüü

ebügen emegen buu od 27r; eremdeg ebügen emegen ba. bandi bombo kümün-e temdegtü mal

(ada(ši (ar(abasu 31r; emegen-ü sünesün na(šidar 31v.

er-e/ere male; the male principle; man: ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r; er-e

sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u 52v; er-e (a(èa kümün-ü

köbegün qula(u¯u amu 23v; šin-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r; em-e abqu er-e kümün-ü nasun

ü¯egdeküi 53r; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü anu 54v; ede ¯ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan

bolu(ad ari(un sayin köbegün törökü bui 54v; qoyar qulu(an-a ¯iltü er-e em-e bolbasu 54v;

ede sarada er-e-dü ma(u bui 51r; sara yeke bögesü er-e-eèe ¯öb to(ola 51v; nigen em-e isün

er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r; nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad buyu 34r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui ¯üg kemebesü er-e-yin em[-e] ¯üg-eèe ba(u(daqui 52r; er-e-yin ¯il-ün eki èa(tu

ba(uqu bui 52r.

(uyila(èi [S. bhikshu; Tib. dge slong]; beggar: bayan bögesü (uyila(èi bolqu 41v;

(uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v.

(uyiranèi beggar: (uyiranèi kümün-dür altan ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; tüšimed

ba(ura¯u (uyiranèi bolumui 42v; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu (uyiranèi bolumui

43r; qoyitu ür-e (uyiranèi bolumui 47v; (uyirinèi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edür 43v.

gergi wife; Usun odun uèirabasu gergi olqu 46v.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

i¯a(ur origin; descent, extraction; clan: na(šidar-a i¯a(ur obo(-iyar il(abasu 61r; (a¯ar

ködelbesü barama i¯a(ur-tan-a ma(ui 31v.

iši(n) 1. stem; 2. prophecy; 3. principal or first wife of a noble: iši ü¯igülbesü 28r; iši buu

ü¯igül 34r;Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v; noyan iši ¯ol(abasu 37r; noyad iši-dür

¯ol(obasu sayin 35v; išiten tübšidkü üiles 61r; tu(-un išin-tü uya¯u 50v.

išiten ?prophets: išiten tübšidkü üiles (61r).

¯arudasun servant, slave, messanger: ¯arudasun quduldubasu 24v, 30r; gara(-ud-un ideši

ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin 39v; üküger qara ¯arudasun odun 59r; bo(ol ¯arudasun

abqui 61v.

¯i(uèi matchmaker; go-between: ede sarada ¯i(uèi-du ma(u bui 51r.

¯i(ulèin traveler: ¯i(ulèin kümün mör (arqu na(šidar bui 26v; ¯i(ulèin yabubasu 41r;

¯i(ulèin mör türidkegèi odun 59r; Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui 60v; ¯i(ulèin

ülü yabumui 60v.

¯oèid visitor; guest: ¯oèid irekü 57r, 57r, 57v, 58r, 58r; qola (a¯arèa ¯oèid irekü 57r; qola-

yin ¯oèid irekü 57v; kündülegdekü ¯oèid irekü 57v; ¯oèid ülü uriqu 58r; ¯oèid-i kündülebesü

29r.

kegüken virgin, maiden: kegüken abun neyilèikilbesü 36r.

keregürèi a quarrelsome person (54v, 54v).

keü son: (a¯ar ködelbesü [n]ilq-a keü ba èai qudalduèin-a ma(u bui 30r.

köbegün son: bertegèin köbegün üiles üiledkü 2r; köbegün töröbesü 21v, 22r, 22v, 23r,

23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v,

1335
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v;

köbegün okin töröbesü 31v; er-e (a(èa kümün-ü köbegün qula(u¯u amu 23v; köbegün

qurimlabasu 24v; nigen köbegün oroldun qula(uyu 24v; qooridur ükügsen kümün köbegün

qula(a¯u amu 24v; önüèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar 27r; köbegün

aèinar-i öber-e sal(abasu 34r; köbegün okin neyièilebesü 37r; köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü

ablabasu 36r; Burvasad Udarisad-dur köbegün aèinar olan bolumui 38r; em-e köbegün kiged.

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; tngri-yin vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un

qara qarèa(ai kemekü qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün 39v; ¯irüken metü amara( köbegün ükükü

42r; köbegün olan (bolqu) 52v, 52v, 54v; köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v;

köbegün törümüi 52v; ari(un sayin köbegün törükü bui 54v; köbegün uru( èuqa( bolu(ad

54v; köbegün èögen keregürèi 54v; köbegün aèinar delgerekü 57v; köbegün-dür ger baribasu

34r; köbegün-e ger baribasu 21v, 35r; köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v; köbegün-e

ömèi ülü ögküi 53v; köbegün-e ner-e ögbesü 46v; engküri köbegün-i te¯igebesü 28r, 35r;

köbegün-i saki(èi 30v; köbegün-i bey-e-[y]i turši modun-iyar èime¯ü 30v; engküri köbegün-i

(ada(ši (ar(abasu 44r; öèügüken ari(un köbegün-iyer suu ¯ali-yu(an taki¯u 24r; köbegün-ü

ömèi ögbesü 27r.

köke èarai-du kümün a person with a dark face (23v, 24v; köke èarai-du ba nöröge èirai-

tu isün kümün 22r).

kötelügèi the one who conducts someone, e.g., a bride: beri kötelügèi 52v.

kürgegèi the one who conducts a bride to the home of her husband: kürgegèi-yin terigün

52v.

1336
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kürgen son-in-law; for a description of the various nomenclature for son-in-laws see DO,

439b; kürgen sögödbesü 23vl küèün kürgen sögödkü kürdün ene bui 60r; kürgen-eèe ¯öb

to(ala 51v, 51v, 60r.

merged [pl. of mergen]; marksmen; sages: merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqa¯u narin-a

ü¯egdeküi buyu 2v; Nagajun-a ba(ši terigüten merged Èa(-un kürdün terigüten ; sudur-tur

nomla¯uqui 3r; kedber merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesügei 6v; Nagajuna terigüten

degedü merged-ün ta(alal 4r.

mergen marksman; sage; wisdom: eng terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san

sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu 5r; üiles-dür mergen ölöng aburitu seèin ba(atur

dayisun-i daru(ad aliba-yi ila(u(èi tegüs öl¯eyitü boluyu 25v; köbegün töröbesü ügen-dür

mergen bolu(ad 27v; Modun odun maši mergen bolqu 56v; arban tabun-a yosun medeküi

mergen uqa(atu bolumui 56v.

ni(un boy, son: ni(un töröbesü 43r.

ni(ur ugiya(èi the one who washes [the bride’s] face (52v).

nigültü kümün sinful person (5r).

nilq-a infant: (a¯ar ködelbesü [n]ilq-a keü ba èai qudalduèin-a ma(u bui 30r.

nirai infant, newborn: nir[a]i-dur ner-e ögbesü 32r.

nomèi theologian; scholar; bibliophile: nomèi tegüs ¯ir(alang-du bolumui 27v.

noyad [pl. of noyan]; princes, lords, masters: noyad isanglaqu 35v; noyad iši-dür ¯ol(obasu

35v; noyad-dur ma(u 26r.

1337
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

noyan lord, prince, chief, commander: noyan kümün 5r; èereg-ün noyan 21v; èereg-ün

noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v; èireg-ün noyan-u gara( 22v; èereg-ün noyan ükükü 40r; (a¯ar

ködelbesü ulus-un noyan ükükü 27v; qan noyan bolqu 46v; noyan sa(uqu 47v; noyan iši

¯ol(abasu 37r; noyan isanglaqu 37r; Üker edür noyan ülü isanglaqu 57r; noyan isanglabasu

61r; doron-a ¯üg qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur ¯i(abasu 24v; dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan-u

ner-e 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e 23r; èireg mordobasu noyan-u bey-e

ba morin-dur ma(u 41r.

nököd [pl. of nökör]; companions, comrades: nököd ülü ¯okildun qadquldu(ad 27r.

okid [pl. of okin]; girls; daughters; maidens: naran Okin-u gerdür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-

deki<n> okid üjügürkeküi èa( bui 15r.

okin/ökin [okin is Ordos pronunciation of ökin]; girl; daughter; maiden: okin 54r, 54r, 54r,

54r, 54r, 54r; ¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r; Okin tngri

ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui 20r; (uèin qoyar okin tngri ba 32v; Okin tngri ba(uqu

edür 47r; bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun buyu 32v; okin ögbesü 21v, 24r, 25r, 28v, 29r,

29v, 30r, 30v, 31r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 41v, 41v; okin ber'i ögbesü 22v, 35v; okin buu ög 34r, 53r;

(aqai edür okin ülü ögkü 58r; okin beri buu ög. buu ab 58v; okin bögesü il(ari bui 23r; okin

töröbesü 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 28r, 31v; okin üdebesü 31v; okin bo(tala- 36r, 36v, 36v,

37r, 47v; okin bo(tolaqu sayin edür 53r; okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu 36v; okin

ba(ul(abasu 43v; okin beri ba(ul(abasu 44r, 44r, 46v; köbegün okin neyièilebesü 37r; ai

okin ken buyu 32v; ai okin èi biy-e èinu öèüken bögetel-e ker yeke üge ügülemüi 32v; ai okin

tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali [. . .] 32v; okin ügülerün 32v, 33v; okin qari(uu ügüler-

1338
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ün 32v, 32v, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v; okin bögesü gem ülü boluyu 51v; ede dumda beri bui. okin

törömüi 52r; segül-tür okin olan 52v; debel tülebesü okin kümün ükügsen-i sonostaqu 57v;

ökin ögkü 60r; okin-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; borbin-dur okin-da(an qarši 52v; okin-dur in¯i

ülü ögküi ma(u edür 53v; okin-i 54r; köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü 36r; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-

yi ü¯ekü kürdün 51r; okin-i ni(ur umara ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i ni(ur doron-a

¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i ni(ur örön-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i

ni(ur emün-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; qulu(an-a morin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai èa(-tu (al-

dur mörgügülbesü sayin 53v; üker qonin ¯iltü okin-i takiy-a èa(-du (al-du mörgügül 53v;

baras beèin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r; taulai takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i Noqai

èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r; luu noqai ¯iltü okin-i taulai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r; mogai

(aqai ¯iltü okin-i beèin èa(tu (al-dur mörgügülbesü sayin 54r; qulu(an-a morin ¯iltü okin-i

nigen šin-e arban (urban ¯ir(u(an-a umara doron-a mör (arbasu sayin 54r; qulu(an-a ¯iltü

okin-i taulai ¯iltüdü buu ög 54v; üker ¯iltü okin-i luu ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; baras ¯iltü okin-i

mo(ai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; taulai ¯iltü okin-i morin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; luu ¯iltü okin-i qonin

¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; mo(ai ¯iltü okin-i beèin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; morin ¯iltü okin-i takiy-a

¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; qonin ¯iltü okin-i noqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; beèin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai ¯iltü-

dü buu ög 54v; takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i qulu(an-a ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; naran Okin-u gerdür

oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki<n> okid üjügürkeküi èa( bui 15r; ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyal-

du(ul¯u ü¯egdeküi 51r; ede sarada okin-u bey-e-dü ma(u 51r; ede okin-u ¯il bui

tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v; okin-u mör (arqu edür 54r.

1339
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

otaèi [fr. Uygur]; physician, doctor; herbalist (Lessing, 625): emèi otaèi kümün 4v; otaèi-yi

erin ebedèin-i ü¯igülbesü 36v; otaèi-yin em nidübesü 35v.

öèügüked [pl. of öèügüken]; little ones: qar-a to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada

adalamui 26v; öèügüked-ün eliy-e darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v, 31v.

ögligèi almsgiver, benefactor: köbegün töröbesü bayan bolu(ad ögligèi nom-dur duritu

boluyu 30r.

önöèin orphan; [Ch. gu/ku (Mathews 3470)]; a quality of inauspicious stars; see also

qo(osun (Doré, v. 4, 398): önöèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar bui

27r; önöèin kümün qula(uyu 28v; (anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in odun 59r; da(ulaèi önöèin odun

59r.

qad [pl. of qan]; rulers: qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v; tabun kümün qad-un èimeg-iyer

èime¯ü 22r.

qadam in-laws: ede sarada qadam eèige eke-de ma(u 51r; qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u

52v.

qa(an ruler; emperor; king: qa(an . . . asa(urun 32v, 33r, 33r, 33r; qa(an teden alimad

bui kemen asa(ubasu 33v; qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v; qa(an

sonosu(ad 32v; qa(an narin-a ü¯e¯ü gün-e ono¯u medegdeküi 34r; tngri-yin vim-a neretü

degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai 39v; (a¯arun e¯in qa(an 39v; qa(an ba(ura¯u 42v;

qa(an-a (tatal(-a) bièig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v; JaŸarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saèa(uu 26v;

nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi 34r; yaa(š-a-un qa(an-u gara( 22v; kešig

1340
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

erdeni qa(an-u gara( 23v; okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u

odun 32v.

qan ruler; lord; emperor; king: qan oron-a sa(ubasu 21v, 25v, 34v, 41v, 61r; qan oron-a

sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür 37r; qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v;

üküger-ün qan ada adalamui 26r; (urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan metü bui 29v; qan

kümün-i ür-e alda(ula(èi [odun] ali bui 33r; qan kümün-i ür-e-yi alda(ulu(èi Margišar buyu

33v; qan kümün üiles bütükü 45v; qan kümün-eèe èola abubasu 47v; qan kümün törö¯ü ükükü

odun 59r; Altan odun x qan noyan bolqu 46v; dada qan kemekü edür mör (arbasu ma(u 49v;

qan-dur maši sayin 52v; görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün metü bui 30r.

qara kümün perhaps a black-skinned person but more probably, a commoner: 5r, 5r.

qaraèu commoner: qa(an ba(ura¯u qaraèu bolumui 42v.

qatud [pl. of qatun]; queens: qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r.

qatun queen, empress: belbesün qatun kümün ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 22v; qatun kümün-i

asarabasu 23r; bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun buyu 32v; Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu

ü¯igül 33v; Vim-a neretü qatun Qasta buyu 34r.

qonièin shepherd: qonièin-i eribesü 35r.

quda/qudda the heads of two families related through marriage of their children: quda

anda bol- 10r, 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v, 56r, 61v; quda anda bolulèibasu 29r, 32r; qudda anda

bolulèibasu 28r, 28r, 31r;quda anda eribesü 31r.

qudalèi liar: köbegün töröbesü qudalèi umarta[m]ta(ai ma(u a(ali-tu boluyu 61v.

1341
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qudalduèin businessman; merchant, trader: qola-aèa qudalduèin irekü 57r; èai qudalduèin-

a ma(u bui 30r; qudalduèin-dur odbasu 41r; qudalduèin-lu(-a ¯ol(aqu 5r.

qula(ayièi(n) thief; robber: qula(ayièi 28r, 31v; degerem qula(ayièi ba keregür bara(ur-

tur ¯ol(oqu 4v; (ürban qula(ayièi ¯öbleldüküi na(šidar bui 27r; qula(ayièi kümün-i

erigülbesü 36r; noqai kegübesü ger-dür qula(ayièi oroqu 57v; tere qula(ayièi-dur nigen em-e

kümün oroldu¯u amu 23r; buliyan qula(ayièin-i getebesü 34r; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu qula(ayièi-

yin aèi inu ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 31v; erekey-yin èinegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin èinegen morin

unu¯u 39v.

sadun friend; relative: ür-e sadun qa(aèiqu 46v; nidün-dür ür-e sadun delgereged ülem¯i

¯ir(alang-du bolumui 52v; ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui 46r.

sayid magnate, minister, dignitary: sayid-un ¯erge-dür oro(ulu(èi odun 33r, 33v.

šabi [Ch. shami (Mathews 5606.b.1); S. çramanera]; disciple; pupil, student; novice:

šabinar üge-dür duralayu 27r.

šin-e asaraqu kümün concubine: Mostaert states that sin-e asaraqu kümün is a

euphemism for a concubine (MMAD, 46, n. 106): šin-e kümün 53v; šin-e asaraqu 53v.

ta(ala(èin adherents, e.g., of the Vinaya: Dülb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(èin kiged usun-iyar

qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal 3v.

takir no(èi kümün crippled person (33v).

tarnièi n. exorcist, magician; Mongolian translation for sang(asba (Lessing, 782); tarnièi

kümün 4v.

1342
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tayiši [Ch. taishi/t’ai-shih (Mathews 6020.a 20)] grand master, imperial teacher; honorary

title of the first degree: qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v.

temürèi smith; metalworker: eliy-e da(a(san kümün ba. temürèi ba band’i ba bombo

teyimü nigen kümün sura( ügülemüi 22v.

toyin [fr. Ch. daoren/tao-jen, thr. Old Turkish toyïn]; priest, monk, lama (originally limited

to priests of noble descent): toyin 30r; toyin kümün 4v; toyin bol- 27r, 29v, 56v, 56v; toyin

quvara(-un-yi kündeleküi 61r; toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v.

tul(-a tulu(èi the one who touches the trivet (52v).

tüšimed [pl. of tüšimel]; functionaries; bureaucrats: qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v;

tüšimed erdeni bolqu na(šidar bui 30v; tüšimed ba(ura¯u (uyiranèi bolumui 42v; tüšimed-ün

¯erge-eèe ba(ura(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ur(ulu(èi Abaji buyu

33v.

u(tu(èi the one who greets [the bride]: u(tu(èi-yin ¯il 52v.

uqa(èid those who possess knowledge, understanding: egüni medegèid uqa(èid qamu(

amitan-a delgeregülbesü 47v.

uqa(sad those who understand: ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san-i

uqa(sad 1v.

urad [pl. of uran]; master, craftsman, artist: (a¯ar ködelbesü urad-dur ma(u 28v.

uran skillful; master; artist, craftsman: (oo-a üges-dür urin [=uran] bolu(ad 61r; köbegün

töröbesü oyun qurdun ügen-tür uran 61v; köbegün töröbesü šilu(un aburitu bolu(ad uran

böged ¯iran nasulayu 61v.

1343
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

uru( relatives by marriage: okin töröbesü uru( èuqa( 25r; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu uru(

tasura(san kümün qula(u¯u amu 26r; Burnavasu na(šidar kemebesü uru( tasura(san

na(šidar kemeyü 26r; qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v; ede ¯ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan

bolu(ad 54v; qoyar üker ¯iltü uru( èuqa( bayan sayin 54v; qoyar baras ¯iltü uru( cögen bayan

sayin 54v; qoyar luu ¯iltü uru( èögen ügegüü bui 54v; qoyar qonin ¯iltü uru( olan bayan sayin

54v ; qoyar takiy-a ¯iltü köbegün uru( èuqa( bolu(ad 54v.

ügegüü kümün a poor person: 33r, 33v; ügegüü kümün-i bayan bol(an èidamu 32v.

ür-e 1. seed, grain, fruit; 2. results; 3. progeny: aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r; aèi ür-e inu maši

yeke bol[u]yu 38r; aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e inu

maši sayin bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e inu küsel-iyer bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e bütükü 46r; ür-e tariyan-

u sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r; ür-e tariyan ögbesü 30r; ür-e saèubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v,

29v, 32r; ür-e saèuqui 45v; ür-e ügei kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 27r; ür-e-ügei kümün-i ür-e-

tei bol(a(èi odun 33r; ür-e-ügei bol- 52v, 52v; qan kümün-i ür-e alda(ula(èi 33r, 33v; ür-e

tasulu(èi (odun) 34r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 59r; ür-e tasura- 41v, 52v, 52v, 61r; ür-e inu

ülü bayimui 34v; ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui 46r; ür-e sadun qa(aèiqu 46v; ür-e sadun

delgereged 52v; qoyitu ür-e (uyiranèi bolumui 47v; qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e inu bayan bolu(ad

47v; ür-e mal delgerekü sayin 52r; ür-e èuqa( 52r; ür-e-ügei kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun

33r; to(an-u aè'i ür-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggüi ü¯igülbe 1v; aèi ür-e-yin uèaral-iyar bolumui

46r; qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e inu bayan bolu(ad 47v.

ür-e sadun relatives: ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui 46r; ür-e sadun qa(aèiqu 46v; ür-e

sadun delgereged 52v.

1344
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ür-e ügei (kümün) a man without progeny: ür-e ügei kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 27r; ür-e-

ügei kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun 33r; ür-e-ügei bol- 52v, 52v.

MARRIAGE AND COURTSHIP

abalabasu/ab’labasu 1. if one hunts in a drive; 2. if one allures, seduces; 3. if one hurts

through magic incantations; abala- “to hunt in a drive” must be distinguished from abla- “to

seduce”; “to hurt through magic”; the orthography gives only abalabasu; in some instances

context gives a hint to the translation, i.e., köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü ab’labasu 36r; okin

bo(talabasu (uyubasu ab’labasu 36v; okin bo(talabasu ab’labasu 37r; other occurrences are

less certain; the translation given is “if one hunts in a drive”, but perhaps “if one hurts through

magic incantations” is correct: abalabasu 22v, 26v, 32r, 36v.

asara- to be compassionate toward smth.; to take care of smth., to love: qatun kümün-i

asarabasu 23r; šin-e kümün-i ülü asaraqu ba gerte ülü oro(ulqu edür 53v; ede edür šin-e

asaraqu 53v.

ayul bolqu beri the bride who will become dangerous (52r).

ba(u- to step down, e.g., from a horse or carriage, i.e., for a bride to enter a household:

(ni(ur umara [etc.]) ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v; er-e-yin ¯il-ün eki èa(tu

ba(uqu bui 52r; beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu ¯üg 53v.

ba(u(da- [passive of ba(u-]; to be brought down, etc.: er-e-yin em ¯üg-eèe ba(u(daqui

52r; (abiy-a-tu sarayin šinede ibegel edür ba(u(daqui 52r.

1345
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ba(ul(a- [caus. of ba(u-]; to have brought down; cause to descend, etc.: ber'i buu ba(ul(-a

33v, 34r, 34v; beri ba(ul(abasu 22r, 22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r,

28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 36v, 40r, 41r, 41v, 47v, 60r;

okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu 36v; okin ba(ul(abasu 43v; okin beri ba(ul(abasu 44r, 44r,

46v; beri ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu sayin edür ; beri ba(ul(aqu-du sayin 53r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui sayin odun 51r; ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg 52r.

beri/ber’i bride; for more on Mongolian nuptial rites, see RRS, 564-574; for divinations

concerning marriage in the Vaidûrya dKar-po, see TEDP, 194-223: beri/ber’i ba(ul(a- 22r,

22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r,

31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 36v, 40r, 41r, 41v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 53r, 60r; ber'i/beri buu

ba(ul(-a 33v, 34r, 34v; okin ber'i ögbesü 22v, 35v; beri buu ög 58v; ber'i/beri ab- 25r, 29r,

30r, 35r, 35r, 41v, 42v, 45v, 52r, 55v; beri/ber’i buu ab 43r, 51v, 55r; beri abubasu u(tubasu

29r; ülü ¯okiqu beri 52r; qa(aèiqu beri 52r, 52r; ayul bolqu beri 52r; degedü beri 52r; dumda

beri 52r; eèüs beri 52r; ükükü beri 52r; beri kötelügèi 52v; beri (al-du mörgügülkü èa( 53v;

beri mör (arqu ¯üg 54r; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; kon-dur uèira(san beri 54r;

buyan kešig bari(san beri 54r; da-dur ucira(san beri 54r; kümün-ü yasun bari(san beri 54r;

ken-dür uèira(san beri 54r; niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri 54r; kam-dur uèira(san beri

54r; gin-dür uèira(san beri 54r; oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r; jen-dür

uèira(san köl göq-a-bar tata(ci beri 54v; sön-dür uèira(san beri 54v; mo(ai morin ¯iltü beri-

dür ülem¯i ma(u 54r; beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui 52r; lii-dür uèira(san

1346
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

beri-yi abubasu 54r; beri-yin amin oqor boluyu 34v; beri-yin maqabud-un öngge-yin debel

emüsteküi 52r; beri-yin dörben šilmus 52r; beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu ¯üg 53v.

ber'i abubasu if one takes a bride (25r, 29r, 29r, 30r, 35r, 41v, 43r).

beri abubasu u(tubasu if one receives or welcomes a bride (29r).

beri ba(ul(abasu if one brings a bride into one’s home (22r, 22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 36v,

40r, 41r, 41v, 47v, 60r).

beri (al-du mörgügülkü èa( the hour the bride is made to prostrate herself before the fire

(53v).

beri kötelügèi the one who leads the bride away (52v).

beri mör (arqu ¯üg the direction in which the bride sets off on her way (54r).

beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui according to the [wandering] stars and

nakshatra, these are the occasions for not taking the bride (52r).

beri-yin dörben šilmus the four demons of a bride (52r).

beri-yin maqabud-un öngge-yin debel emüsteküi the bride should wear a robe that is the

color of her element (52r).

beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu ¯üg the direction a bride should face when she

dismounts (53v).

bo(tala- to put the bo(to cap on a woman, i.e. to marry her off; to become engaged: okin

bo(talabasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r; okin bo(tala¯u 47v; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü

kürdün 51r; okin bo(tolaqu sayin edür 53r.

1347
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

buyan kešig bari(san beri bride who holds good fortune (54r).

dan-dur ucira(san beri bride who comes under the dui trigram (54r).

degedü beri a superior bride, i.e., descendants and animals will flourish; it is good (52r).

dumda beri a fair bride, i.e., daughter will be born (52r).

eèüs beri a poor bride, i.e., descendants will be few (52r).

em-e female; woman: em-e kümün 15r, 22r, 23r; em-e kümün-dür ¯ol(aqu 5r; belbesün

em-e kümün 25r, 29v; belbesün em-e abubasu 25r, 32r; em-e abubasu 28v, 36v, 37r, 53r, 53r;

šin-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r; öber-ün dayan-u küèün yeke bögesü ber em-e köbegün kiged.

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; nigen eketü ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg kemebesü er-e-

yin em[-e] ¯üg-eèe ba(u(daqui 52r; em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u 52v; em-e abqu er-e

kümün-ü nasun ü¯egdeküi 53r; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü 54v; qoyar qulu(an-a ¯iltü er-e

em-e bolbasu [. . .] 54v; taulai qonin (aqai ¯ilten ¯okiqu sayin ede ¯ilten er-e em-e bolbasu

uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un sayin köbegün törökü bui 54v; nigen em-e isün er-e-yi daruqu odun

59r; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu doron-a ¯üg-ün kümün qula(uyu belbesün em-e-dür qudaldu¯u amu

25v; sara ba(-a bögesü em-e-eèe buru(u to(ola 51v; köbegün töröbesü em-e-lüge-ben ülü

¯okildun bo(o¯u ükümüi 30r; nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad buyu 34r.

er-e/ere male; the male principle; man: ¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r; er-e

sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u 52v; er-e (a(èa kümün-ü

köbegün qula(u¯u amu 23v; šin-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r; em-e abqu er-e kümün-ü nasun

ü¯egdeküi 53r; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü anu 54v; ede ¯ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan

bolu(ad ari(un sayin köbegün törökü bui 54v; qoyar qulu(an-a ¯iltü er-e em-e bolbasu 54v;

1348
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ede sarada er-e-dü ma(u bui 51r; sara yeke bögesü er-e-eèe ¯öb to(ola 51v; nigen em-e isün

er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r; nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad buyu 34r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui ¯üg kemebesü er-e-yin em[-e] ¯üg-eèe ba(u(daqui 52r; er-e-yin ¯il-ün eki èa(tu

ba(uqu bui 52r.

(ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri bride who holds a sickle in her hand (54r).

(arta(an širbegel bari(san beri who holds a braid casing in her hand (54v).

(ar-ta(an odèu( bari(san beri bride who holds a standard in her hand (54r).

gen-dür uèira(san beri bride who comes under the gen trigram (54r).

gin-dür uèira(san beri bride who comes under the qian trigram (54r).

ibegel protection; bride’s protector; cf. MMAD, 48, n. 108; for the ibegel in the marriage

ceremony, see RRS, 566; (abiy-a-tu sarayin šinede ibegel edür ba(u(daqui 52r; ¯asal ¯asan

¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu ibegel ögküi abqui gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü

kereg bolai 54v; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü anu 54v; qulu(an-a luu beèin ¯ilten ibegel

¯okiqu 54v.

in¯i dowry: köbegün-e ömèi ülü ögküi. okin-dur in¯i ülü ögküi ma(u edür inu 53v.

¯i(uèi matchmaker; go-between: ede sarada ¯i(uèi-du ma(u bui 51r.

jen-dür uèira(san beri bride who comes under the zhen trigram (54v).

kam-dur uèira(san beri bride who comes under the kan trigram (54r).

kegüken virgin, maiden: kegüken abun neyilèikilbesü 36r.

köbegün son: bertegèin köbegün üiles üiledkü 2r; köbegün töröbesü 21v, 22r, 22v, 23r,

23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v,

1349
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v;

köbegün okin töröbesü 31v; er-e (a(èa kümün-ü köbegün qula(u¯u amu 23v; köbegün

qurimlabasu 24v; nigen köbegün oroldun qula(uyu 24v; qooridur ükügsen kümün köbegün

qula(a¯u amu 24v; önüèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar 27r; köbegün

aèinar-i öber-e sal(abasu 34r; köbegün okin neyièilebesü 37r; köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü

ablabasu 36r; Burvasad Udarisad-dur köbegün aèinar olan bolumui 38r; em-e köbegün kiged.

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; tngri-yin vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un

qara qarèa(ai kemekü qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün 39v; ¯irüken metü amara( köbegün ükükü

42r; köbegün olan (bolqu) 52v, 52v, 54v; köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v;

köbegün törümüi 52v; ari(un sayin köbegün törükü bui 54v; köbegün uru( èuqa( bolu(ad

54v; köbegün èögen keregürèi 54v; köbegün aèinar delgerekü 57v; köbegün-dür ger baribasu

34r; köbegün-e ger baribasu 21v, 35r; köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v; köbegün-e

ömèi ülü ögküi 53v; köbegün-e ner-e ögbesü 46v; engküri köbegün-i te¯igebesü 28r, 35r;

köbegün-i saki(èi 30v; köbegün-i bey-e-[y]i turši modun-iyar èime¯ü 30v; engküri köbegün-i

(ada(ši (ar(abasu 44r; öèügüken ari(un köbegün-iyer suu ¯ali-yu(an taki¯u 24r; köbegün-ü

ömèi ögbesü 27r.

köl göq-a-bar tata(ci beri bride who pulls the leg with a hook (54v).

kötelügèi the one who conducts someone, e.g., a bride: beri kötelügèi 52v.

kun-dur uèira(san beri bride who comes under the kun trigram (54r).

kümün-ü yasun bari(san beri bride who holds a human skeleton (54r).

1350
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kürgegèi the one who conducts a bride to the home of her husband: kürgegèi-yin terigün

52v.

kürgen son-in-law; for a description of the various nomenclature for son-in-laws see DO,

439b; kürgen sögödbesü 23vl küèün kürgen sögödkü kürdün ene bui 60r; kürgen-eèe ¯öb

to(ala 51v, 51v, 60r.

lii-dür uèira(san beri bride who comes under the li trigram (54r).

neyièile- to be friendly with someone, i.e. to have sexual relations: köbegün okin(-i)

neyièilebesü 36r, 37r.

neyilèikil- to be in harmony with someone, i.e., to have sexual relations: kegüken abun

neyilèikilbesü 36r.

ni(ur face: mo(ai öngge ni(ur 8v; nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad

buyu 34r; ni(ur ugiya(èi 52v; okin-i ni(ur umara ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53v; okin-i ni(ur

doron-a ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53v; okin-i ni(ur örön-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53r; okin-i ni(ur

emün-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53r; qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r;

(ar ni(ur-iyan ugiya¯u 4v; ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v; beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu

¯üg kemebesü 53v.

ni(ur ugiya(èi the one who washes [the bride’s] face (52v).

niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri bride who carries a sack on her back (54r).

okin/ökin [okin is Ordos pronunciation of ökin]; girl; daughter; maiden: okin 54r, 54r, 54r,

54r, 54r, 54r; okin ögbesü 21v, 24r, 25r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 31r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 41v, 41v;

okin ber'i ögbesü 22v, 35v; okin buu ög 34r, 53r; (aqai edür okin ülü ögkü 58r; okin beri buu

1351
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ög. buu ab 58v; okin bögesü il(ari bui 23r; okin töröbesü 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 28r, 31v;

okin üdebesü 31v; okin bo(tala- 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r, 47v; okin bo(tolaqu sayin edür 53r; okin

bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu 36v; okin ba(ul(abasu 43v; okin beri ba(ul(abasu 44r, 44r, 46v;

köbegün okin neyièilebesü 37r; okin bögesü gem ülü boluyu 51v; ede dumda beri bui. okin

törömüi 52r; segül-tür okin olan 52v; debel tülebesü okin kümün ükügsen-i sonostaqu 57v;

ökin ögkü 60r; okin-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; borbin-dur okin-da(an qarši 52v; okin-dur in¯i

ülü ögküi ma(u edür 53v; okin-i 54r; köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü 36r; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-

yi ü¯ekü kürdün 51r; okin-i ni(ur umara ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i ni(ur doron-a

¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i ni(ur örön-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i

ni(ur emün-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; qulu(an-a morin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai èa(-tu (al-

dur mörgügülbesü sayin 53v; üker qonin ¯iltü okin-i takiy-a èa(-du (al-du mörgügül 53v;

baras beèin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r; taulai takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i Noqai

èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r; luu noqai ¯iltü okin-i taulai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r; mogai

(aqai ¯iltü okin-i beèin èa(tu (al-dur mörgügülbesü sayin 54r; qulu(an-a morin ¯iltü okin-i

nigen šin-e arban (urban ¯ir(u(an-a umara doron-a mör (arbasu sayin 54r; qulu(an-a ¯iltü

okin-i taulai ¯iltüdü buu ög 54v; üker ¯iltü okin-i luu ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; baras ¯iltü okin-i

mo(ai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; taulai ¯iltü okin-i morin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; luu ¯iltü okin-i qonin

¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; mo(ai ¯iltü okin-i beèin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; morin ¯iltü okin-i takiy-a

¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; qonin ¯iltü okin-i noqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; beèin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai ¯iltü-

dü buu ög 54v; takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i qulu(an-a ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v; ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyal-

1352
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

du(ul¯u ü¯egdeküi 51r; ede sarada okin-u bey-e-dü ma(u 51r; ede okin-u ¯il bui

tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v; okin-u mör (arqu edür 54r.

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri [Tib. spyi-bor zor-ba’i bya-ru btsugs-pa’i bag-

ma]; the bride who holds a Chinese sickle on the crown of her head (54r). (Compare with

TEDP, 214).

ömèi property: köbegün-ü ömèi ögbesü 27r; köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v;

köbegün-e ömèi ülü ögküi 53v.

qadam in-laws: ede sarada qadam eèige eke-de ma(u 51r; qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u

52v.

qa(aèiqu beri These [indicate] the bride who separates (52r, 52r).

qandu- beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu ¯üg 53v; qulu(an-a üker (aqai ¯iltü okin-i

ni(ur umara ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; baras taulai luu okin-i ni(ur doron-a ¯üg qandun

ba(ubasu sayin 53v; beèin takiy-a noqai ¯iltü okin-i ni(ur örön-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin

53v; mo(ai morin qonin ¯iltü okin-i ni(ur emün-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v.

quda/qudda the heads of two families related through marriage of their children: quda

anda bol- 10r, 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v, 56r, 61v; quda anda bolulèibasu 29r, 32r; qudda anda

bolulèibasu 28r, 28r, 31r;quda anda eribesü 31r.

qurim feast, celebration: qurim-dur kešig tasurla(èi 28r, 33r, 33v; buyan qurim üiledbesü

31v; qurim keyi- 42r, 46r; šibad-un qurim kibesü 44r; qurim qurimlabasu 47v; qurim uèira-

58r; idegen qurim 50r.

1353
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qurimla- to celebrate, feast; to get married: qurimlabasu 22v, 23v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 31v, 31v,

31v, 32r, 35r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v; köbegün qurimlabasu 24v; qurim qurimlabasu 47v; ülü

qurimlaqu 58r.

sön-dür uèira(san beri bride who comes under the sun trigram (54v).

šin-e asaraqu kümün concubine: Mostaert states that sin-e asaraqu kümün is a

euphemism for a concubine (MMAD, 46, n. 106): šin-e kümün 53v; šin-e asaraqu 53v.

širbegel a conical metal casing worn on the end of the braids on both sides of a married

woman’s breast: sön-dür uèira(san beri (arta(an širbegel bari(san bui 54v; tegünü (artur

nigen širbegel bari(ul¯u 54v.

tul(-a tulu(èi the one who touches the trivet (52v).

uru( relatives by marriage: okin töröbesü uru( èuqa( 25r; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu uru(

tasura(san kümün qula(u¯u amu 26r; Burnavasu na(šidar kemebesü uru( tasura(san

na(šidar kemeyü 26r; qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v; ede ¯ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan

bolu(ad 54v; qoyar üker ¯iltü uru( èuqa( bayan sayin 54v; qoyar baras ¯iltü uru( cögen bayan

sayin 54v; qoyar luu ¯iltü uru( èögen ügegüü bui 54v; qoyar qonin ¯iltü uru( olan bayan sayin

54v ; qoyar takiy-a ¯iltü köbegün uru( èuqa( bolu(ad 54v.

üde- to see off (a bride) : ber'i ba(ul(abasu üdebesü 27v; okin üdebesü 31v.

ükükü beri a bride who will die (52r).

MATERIAL CULTURE

BOOKS AND WRITING

1354
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bièig writing; a writing, book: ¯arlig bièig tarqabasu 18r; bièig to(-a sur(abasu 22v, 56v;

bièig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v; bièig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r; bièig ungšibasu 32r;

qa(an-a tatal(-a bièig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v; bièig abulèibasu 36v; nom bièig bièibesü 36v;

bièig oro(ulbasu 36v; bièig-dür orobasu 36v, 37r.

nom dharma; law; book: nom 4r; nom nomlabasu 23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v, 61r; nom buyan

üiledbesü 24r; nom ungšibasu 25v, 27v; nom bièebesü 26v, 35r, 36r, 36r, 46v; nom bièig

bièibesü 36v; nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui

37v; ¯arli( nom medekü bolumui 37v; nom ba yertinèü-deki aliba sayin üiles üiledbesü 44v;

Ayuši-yin nom ungšiqui 45v; nom kiged buyan kešig delgerekü 46v; nom buyan üiledkü 60v;

üküsed-ün nom-du 60v; šagšabad tegülder nom-dur tegüs ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 29r; ögligèi

nom-dur duritu boluyu 30r; nom-dur orobasu 36r; burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v; ünemleküy-

yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil 1v; ünen nom-un kürdün 13r; nom-un ¯üil-dür duratai 25v.

qabtasun wooden printing blocks: dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur

beèi¯ü 24r.

sudur [S. sûtra]; sutra; book: burqan-u nomla(san sudur dand’ris kiged ilang(uy-a Èa(-un

kürdün 2r; na(šidar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v; sudur-nu(ud beèibesü 21v; sudur-tur 4r;

Kitad-un Lii-du ting sang neretü sudur-dur 2v; Nagajun-a ba(ši terigüten merged Èa(-un

kürdün terigüten sudur-tur nomla¯uqui 3r; arilu(san-u to(-a inu busu sudur-ud-tur nomla¯uqui

2r; olan sudur-un ta(alal 4r.

1355
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

üsüg letter; written grapheme; writing: qariqui edürün belge inu qara sa üsüg bui 20r; arši-

narun ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg bui 20r; ula(an üsüg bui 47v; do(šin edürün

belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r; šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v; qara

šingpüng-yin [=šingpüng-ün] belge inu qara zi üsüg bui 42v; ginggang ideši erikü edürün

belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v; Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi.

kemen ungšimui 35v; mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

saki(èi ebdegèi tüšigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen ungšimui 35v.

FOOD AND DRINK

ariki alcohol: ariki iskebesü 31v, 46v.

èai tea: èai èina(san 4v; èai qudalduèin 30r.

darasun wine: nara Qumqan-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu

bolumui 8r; darasun iskebesü 23r, 23v; darasun idegen uèaram 50r; darasun idegen-dür

uèiraqu 58r; darusun uu(ubasu 57r.

esü( fermented mare’s milk (see Mostaert, Dictionnaire ordos, 249): suèuli [=saèuli]

saèuqu esü( [=esüg] ¯ula(-un negegemel edür 60v.

idegen food, viands: eldeb idegen kiged takil beledèü talbi(ad tngri (a¯ar-<y>i taki 32v;

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu 43r; ed idegen oldayu 45v; ed idegen olqu bui 56v;

idegen olqu 49v, 50v; idegen umda(an uèaraqu 50r, 50r, 50r; darasun idegen uèaram 50r;

idegen qurim uèaraqu 50r; idegen idegülügèi 52v; idegen-dü uèaraqu 50r; darasun idegen-dür

uèiraqu 58r; ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r.

1356
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ideši food, nourishment, e.g., for demons: gara( ideši erikü edürün 20v; saran-lu(-a edür

qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin 39v; tngri-yin noqai

ideši erikü edür 20v; ginggang ideši erikü edür 20v; (a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edür 20v;

(a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r; ideši eren güimüi 40r, 40r; ideši ereküi èa( 42v;

gara(-ud-un do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v.

miq-a meat: miq-a ülü idekü 58r; miq-a-yi mungna¯u 22r; miq-a-yi ülü idekü 58r.

nayir (arbasu if one holds a feast (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v).

ögekün fat, lard: buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü 50v.

qurim feast, celebration: qurim-dur kešig tasurla(èi 28r, 33r, 33v; buyan qurim üiledbesü

31v; qurim keyi- 42r, 46r; šibad-un qurim kibesü 44r; qurim qurimlabasu 47v; qurim uèira-

58r; idegen qurim 50r.

qurim qurimlabasu if one celebrates a feast (47v).

qurimla- to celebrate, feast; to get married: qurimlabasu 22v, 23v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 31v, 31v,

31v, 32r, 35r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v; köbegün qurimlabasu 24v; qurim qurimlabasu 47v; ülü

qurimlaqu 58r.

saèuli aspersion or libation of milk or tea for the deities; grain and food scattered as

offerings to deities (Lessing, 655); ceremony for the consecration of the herds; for these rites,

see RRS, 585-591; suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu esü( ¯ula(-un negegemel edür 60v; saèuli

er<e>gübesü 60v.

1357
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

šigüsü a kind of broth made from pieces of an animal (the head of the animal (pièce de

bétail)??) usually a sheep, which is then boiled and served to a person of honor, or used in

ritual; see DO, 638; èa(an Qonin šigüsü-ber takibaèu ülü oyišiyamu keme¯üküi 60v.

šiker [Pers. šakar; S. çarkara]; sugar: šingqun. šiker qangla(ur terigüten 50v.

tosun fat; lard; tallow: èa(an tosun ba. buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü 50v.

umda(an drink: idegen umda(an uèaraqu 50r, 50r, 50r.

IMPLEMENTS

abdara n. trunk, chest; üküger-ün abdara (coffin): üküger-ün abdara kibesü 37r.

a(ur tegerm-e n. mortor mill; a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 36v, 37r; see G. Kara, 1979:

198; 1984: 349.

aya(-a cup; a unit of measure: isün adqu široi isün aya(-a usun-iyar sönöge¯ü 22r.

baling [Tib. gtor ma; Skt. bali]; a food offering to deities, usually made of dough kneaded

into various (often pyramidal) shapes (cf. Lessing, 80); cf. also RRS, 426-428; baling do(šin

güikü edürün belge 20v; baling do(šin 39v; baling do(šin qami(-a (sa(uqu) 40r, 41r.

bariy-a fetters; a rope for holding oxen or cows by the horns: bariy-a küriy-e dü uèaraqu

50r.

bata sabre: nigen odun-u düri inu bata metü bui 28v.

büriy-e trumpet: büriy-e tatabasu 34v.

èabda(ur a sprinkler, made of wood used in religious ceremonies to make aspersions:

èabda(ur saèuli er<e>gübesü qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayišiyamu 60v.

1358
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

èang cymbals: èang kengger'ge deledbesü 28v, 34v, 35r.

èi(ta(-a rope fixed at the center of the roof-ring of a tent; for its use in ritual, see Chabros,

1992: 18; a heavenly spirit: tngri-yin èi(ta(-a-dur dalal(-a buu dalal 33v; örön-e doron-a

èi(ta(-a-dur ber'i buu ba(ul(-a 33v; tngri-yin èi(ta(-a Èista buyu 34r; örön-e doron-a-yin

èi(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r.

èimeg ornament; modun èim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü 14r; ula(an èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 21v;

qara èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 22r; qad-un èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 22r; qubèad èimeg-iyen èa(an-iyar

èimejü 23v; èimeg ¯igüküi 46r; èimeg ¯igüküi amurling(ui üiles 61r.

debel robe, caftan: šin-e debel emüs- 4v, 21v, 28v, 56r; debil [=debel] emüsküi 46r; èa(an

debel emüsügsen 4v; èereg-ün noyan ula(an debel emüsèü 21v; debel ba ger ed'kebesü 35r;

debel ed'kebesü 22v, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v,

30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v; debel eskebesü 23v,

25r, 29r, 30r; debel eskeküi 55v; šin-e debel abubasu 25r; debel ed'kebesü emüsbesü 31r; šin-e

debel ¯okiyabasu 32r; debel tülebesü 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r; debil x 58r; debel

qulu(an-a qa¯abasu 57r; debel tülebesü qa¯ibasu 58r, 58r; debel qayabasu 58r; šin-e debel buu

eske buu emüs 34r; ula(an debel buu ed’ke buu emüs 34r; ula(an altatu debel buu emüs buu

ed'ke 34v; eriyen debel buu ed'ke. buu emüs 34v; no(o(an debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 34v,

35v; qa(uèin debel buu tan-a 34v; qara debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 34v, 35r; qas debel buu

ed'ke buu emüs 35r; šara debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r; ala( debel buu ed’ke buu emüs 35r;

èa(an debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r; debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r; beri-yin

maqabud-un öngge-yin debel emüsteküi 52r; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin 55v; debel

1359
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

emüskü sayin edür 56r; ula(an debeltü kümün 4v; öèim ula(an debeltü 22v; nökögesün

debeltü köke èarai-du ba nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün 22r.

debisker [Tib. gding-ba]; a small rug; a variegated rug is the symbol of the day the gods

and demons battle; the square black rug is this symbol of the day the graha (planets) run in

search of food; cf. RRS, 452; tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; ala(

debeskir bui 43r; gara( ideši erikü edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v; dörbeljin qara

debesker ene bui 44r.

dolo(an qubi-tu modun the pole with seven portions, i.e., the gnomon. the gnomon

referred to in the manual measures the “common” unit of 30 qubi per day; see Stone 1981:

181-183; For a further description of the gnomon see Needham (1959): 284; nara emüneši

odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a

bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara

umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei

bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i medegdeküi tegüsbe 6r.

dorm-a/rdovarm-a/rdovarma/rdovrma/dovrm-a [S. bali; Tib. gtor ma “strewing-

oblation, an offering brought to malignant demons, either as a kind of exorcism or as an

appeasing gift, in order to prevent their evil influence upon man,” (Jäschke, 210a)]; they are

made of barley flour and decorated with intricate designs (Beyer (1973): 24; dorm-a a(urbasu

23v, 27v; dorm-a o(orbasu 29v, 31v; rdovarm-a a(urbasu 35v; dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu

41r; rdovrma duvngli kibesü 47r; rdovarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r; yasun ba rdovarma

(ar(abasu 55v.

1360
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dungli/duvngli [Tib. mdos]; a cross formed of two small sticks, the ends of which are

connected with colored strings, and used in various magic ceremonies (Jäschke, 274a); cf.

also SE II, 176-198; RRS, 356): dungli (ar(abasu 22r; rdovarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r;

dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu 41r; rdovrma duvngli kibesü 47r.

ed possessions: ed mal (ada(ši ögbesü 18r, 41v; ed mal ögbesü 31v, 36v; ed mal

¯ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v; ed

ada(usun ¯ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 29r; ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v; ed

ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; ed mal ada(usun ögbesü 24v; ed adu(usun neme¯ü

25v; ed adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v; ed mal abubasu 27v, 30r, 31r; ed mal ögbesü abubasu

43v; ed mal olqu 50r; ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v; ed mal qorom¯i bolqu 56r; ed mal ülü

(ar(amui 60v; ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r; ed tavar olqu 46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r; ed tavar

ügületel-e ¯a(un amin-dur kürümüi 47v; ed tavar uèaraqu 50r, 50r; tavar ed yekede olqu 50r;

ed tavar yekede olqu 50r, 50r; ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu 57r; ed ¯ibqarabasu 23r, 23v; ed

bütügebesü 23v; ed idegen oldayu 45v; ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; ed a(urasun nemekü sayin

46v; ed oldaqu bayasqulang 50r; ed oldaqu sayin 50r; ed olqu 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r; ed

baraqu 50r; ed idegen olqu 56v; ed bara(daqu 59v.

ed tavar chattels; everything material; see RRS, 452; ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r; ed tavar olqu

46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r;ed tavar ügületel-e ¯a(un amin-dur kürümüi 47v; ed tavar uèaraqu

50r, 50r; tavar ed yekede olqu 50r; ed tavar yekede olqu 50r, 50r; ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu

57r.

1361
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

erdeni/erdini [Tib. nor zhags]; jewel; (cf. ODT, p. 18); ene erdeni busu 10v; rašiyan edür-

ün belge erdini bui 20r; ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui 20r; Altan odun

kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara( büküi 23v; tüšimed erdeni bolqu na(šidar bui 30v;

dörben odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v; degegši qandu(san erdeni 44v; ögede

qandu(san jindamuni erdeni ene bui 44v; erdeni terigüten-i uralabasu 61v; aliba do(šin

üile üiledbesü matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dür adali ma(u 39r; tngri-yin erdeni-dür

mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

(adasun [Tib. mdung]; nail; lance; the term refers to a weapon, a ritual instrument, symbol

or attribute (cf. ODT, 15-16); and to stars; in ancient Greece Anaximenes draws a basic

distinction between the planets and the fixed stars; the stars are fastened “like nails” in the

“ice-like” vault of the sky (Burkert, 311); this concept is similarly held by the Mongols; thus,

the term does not merely refer to the north pole (altan (adasun), but to other stars as well; the

idea of the north pole as a nail is also widely held; the harmony of the spheres is a world

conception of three “domains” and seven or nine skies, one over the other, with corresponding

underworlds, and a “world pillar,” the axis mundi, running through the center of the whole

system, crowned by the “north Nail” or “world nail” (Polaris [De Santillana, 123]); doro(ši

qandu(san (adusun 20r, 39r; ögede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r, 39r; (adasun qari(ulbasu

23v; qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v; degedü Uma neretü (adasun 32v;

(adasun qadququi 38v.

(angla(ur [qangla(ur = (angna(ur] soldering metal: šiker qangla(ur terigüten. tu(-un

išin-du uya¯u 50v.

1362
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(olomta hearth; fireplace in a tent: (olomta ba(urai nutu( qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v;

(olomta ger nutu( mör ede sayin bui 51v; nutu( ger (olomta degüü ede sayin bui 51v;

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egüüde anu sayin 60r; sara yeke bögesü (olomta-aèa ¯öb to(ola 51v.

gabala [Tib. thod pa; Skt. kapâla]; skull cup; a ritual implement; a symbol/attribute; cf.

RRS, 152-153,435; ODT, 18; Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui 20r; gabala 47r.

göq-a ?hook [transcription and translation uncertain]: jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-a-bar

tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v.

güri basket; refers to Chinese ji/chi (Mathews 402) “the basket,” the 7th Chinese lunar

mansion corresponding to the Udarisad; it comprises four stars, (, *, , Sagittarius and $

Telescope (Schlegel 1967: 161): dörbel¯in küri odun 59r.

ildün sword, sabre: qoyar odun-u düri inu ildün metü bui 28r.

¯ele rope stretched along the ground to which tethers for cattle are attached (Lessing, 1045);

qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v.

¯ele-yin (adasun picket post, tethering post; to see this picket post and its use in ritual, cf.

Chabros, illus. 9; qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v.

¯oli( ransom, rescue; figurines usually made of dough which are used in ritual for ridding

one of evil spirits causing illness; devil (curse [Lessing 1070]); for these rites, see RRS, 559-

561, 591-594; SE II, 168-169; buyan ¯oli( ögbesü 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r; buyan ¯oli(

üiledbesü 31v; ¯oli( qari(ulul buu üiled 34v; amin-u ¯oli( saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r; amin

¯oli( saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36v, 36v, 37r.

1363
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

¯oliy-a ransom, price of deliverance (cf. ¯oli( [Lessing, 1070]); SE II, 168-169; ¯oliy-a mör

8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ¯oliy-a ögbesü 41r.

keb silk: qara keb-iyer manglai uriya¯u 24v; tas ödütü sumun-dur isün ¯üil öngge-dü keb-

üd-i uya¯u 32v.

kegeri standard: ula(an kegeri bari¯u 21v; qara kegeri bariju 22r; köke kegiri bari¯u 23v;

èa(an keg[e]ri bari¯u 23v; šara kegeri bari¯u 24v.

kengger'ge/kenggerge drum: èang kengger'ge deledbesü 28v/èang kenggerge deledbesü

34v, 35r.

kereg 1. need, necessity; 2. implement; 3. affair, matter, concern: -qu/kü kereg 4v; qono(

tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-yi medekü kereg 3r; -qui/küi kereg 4v; qono( tasura(san-i

medeküi kereg 4v; sar-a-yin to(-a medeküi kereg buyu 4v; kereg ¯asal üiledbesü 30v; kereg

¯asal keyilgebesü 35v; kereg ¯asal kibesü 44v; do(šin kereg kibesü 45r; kereg bütükü 49v;

kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v; kereg ¯ara( keyibesü 61r; keregtü 1v; ede-i keèiyen

ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52v; tngri-yin noqay-yin yabudal yeke kereg-dü bui 55v.

kereg ¯asal a ritual implement; see Sárközi's definition, BTD,. 399, #5887; see also SE II,

177-178; kereg ¯asal üiledbesü 30v; kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü 35v; kereg ¯asal kibesü 44v.

kiiri standard: qara kiiri bari¯u 23r; šara kiiri bari¯u 23r.

kir(a(ul [=kir(a(ur] scissors, shears: düri inu kir(a(ul metü bui 27r; kir(a(ul metü

59v.

kirüge saw: düri inu. kirüge metü bui 26r.

kögerge bridge; bellows: kögerge talbibasu 12r, 47v; kögerge metü 59v.

1364
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

körge pump: šin-e körge tatabasu 36r.

kü¯is incense; perfume; fragrance: qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v.

mala(-a hat: šin-e mala(-a buu emüs 34v; šin-e mala(-a ülü emüskü 57r.

mese any edged weapon or tool; knife; dagger: mese keyibesü 16r; debel quya( mese qara-

nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r; ¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun-dur mese buu barii 33v; mese metü 59v; burqan-

u e¯in mese-dür üküyü 34v.

numu(n) bow: numu 50v; numun qata(uu küèütü bolumui 18r; naran Numun-u gertür

oro(san 18r.

odèa(/odèu( hearth; odèa( tülebesü 42v; odèa( egüdbesü 43v; kam-dur uèira(san beri

(ar-ta(an odèu( bari(san bui bügüde-dü sayin 54r.

ong(oèa boat: ong(oèa oro(ulbasu 12r; usun-dur ong(oèa oro(ulbasu 14r; (uèin qoyar

odun düri inu ong(uèa metü bui 31v; ong(oèa metü 59v; šin-e ba qa(uèin ong(oèa mörin-e

buu oro(ul buu getülge 35v; šin-e ong(oèa usun-a oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v; ong(oèa

yabu(ulbasu 36v;ong(oèa deger-e (arbasu urbaqu 47v.

orong(-a banner, flag, standard: yerti[n]èü-yi ebdegèi qara orong(-a bari¯u 39v; dolo(an

orong(-a-du tama(-a 33v, 34r.

ögekün fat, lard: buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü 50v.

örölbi pincers, pliers: örölbi metü 59v.

qabtasun wooden printing blocks: dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur

beèi¯ü 24r.

1365
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qada( [Tib. kha btags]; a long narrow piece of silk or other cloth especially made for

making formal offerings: èa(an qada( 50v.

qadu(ur/qada(ur [Tib. dgra zor]; the sickle (cf. ODT,16); ebdegèi edürün belge inu

qada(ur bui 20v; ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v; belge inu qara

qada(ur 43v; ¯ir(u(an qadu(ur odun 32v; ¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun 33v; ¯ir(u(an qada(ur

odun Anurad buyu 34r; èisun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; oroi-

ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r.

qubèad [pl. of qubèasun] clothes: qubèad köke-ber èime¯ü 23vqubèad èimeg-iyen èa(an-

iyar èimejü 23v.

qubèasun clothes: debel qubèasun eskeküi edür 55v.

qumq-a [S. kumbha]; vase, pitcher; vessel; (cf. ODT, p. 18); èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a

bui 20r.

quya( armor; cuirass: debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r; quya( emüs'küi

na(šidar 30r; tabun quya(-du kümün-iyer uduridbasu 23v.

rašiyan/rašiyal [S. rasâyana]; holy water; cf. RRS, 152; rašiyan edür-ün belge erdini bui

20r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v; qoyar usu uèarabasu

rašiyan uèaral 45v; rašiyan-u uèaral-iyar amin nasun delgereyü 45v.

sada(-a a doll used in medical rituals, through which illness is expelled: sada(-a buu ög

34v.

salm-a lasso; lariat: albin salm-a-bar küliküi na(šidar 27v.

1366
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sandali seat; chair: beèin edür šin-e širegen sandali deger-e ülü sa(uqu 58r; sandali metü

59v.

sasa a minature stupa; cf. DO, 565a; sasa deledbesü 42r.

sebeg wicker basket: qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r.

sumun arrow: tas ödütü sumun-dur isün ¯üil öngge-dü keb-üd-i uya¯u 32v; mergen kümün-

ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu 5r.

süke ax: Mig na(šidar kemebesü süke-dür adali bui.

ši¯im cord, string, twine: öröne umara-yin ši¯im odun 59r.

šingqun [S. sindura]; vermillion, red ink; red or purple varnish: šingqun 50v.

širbegel a conical metal casing worn on the end of the braids on both sides of a married

woman’s breast: sön-dür uèira(san beri (arta(an širbegel bari(san bui 54v; tegünü (artur

nigen širbegel bari(ul¯u 54v.

širid/širad ?relics; reliquary; the forms here are closer to šarid “penitence, abstinence” than

to šaril “holy relics”, but the context of the entries, i.e., the verbal forms to which they are

objects, as well as their association with the terms subur(an and qubil(an in adjoining

auspices, seems to indicate the latter meaning; see RRS, 165, 366; širad kibesü 23v; širid-ün

ger baribasu 26v.

šitügen [S. âdhâra; Tib. gzhi]; 1. basis, foundation; “potentiality”; qono(-un (urban ¯üil

il(al terigüten-i medegdekü-yin šitügen 2r; 2. an object of veneration; šitügen eke 8r, 14r, 52r;

šitügen-ü eke 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 53r; burqan šitügen šinidkebesü

1367
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

24r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; šitügen-dür qutu(

oroši(ulbasu 38r, 43v; šitügen bayi(ulqui 45v; burqan-u šitügen egüdbesü 46v.

tabèang [S. âsana; Tib. gdan; Mong. debisker]; throne; dias; see RRS, 78; tabèang baribasu

23r.

tama(-a seal; brand: dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r;

tama(-a èi(ul(abasu 36r; dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a-dur sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v.

tavar merchandise, goods, property, chattels: ed tavar olqu 46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r;

tavar ed olqu 50r; tavar ed yekede olqu 50r, 50r, 50r; qurim qurimlabasu ed tavar ügületel-e

¯a(un amin-dur kürümüi 47v; ed tavar uèaraqu 50r, 50r; ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu 57r;

qudalduèin-dur odbasu ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r.

temdeg mark; brand: temdegtü adu(usun ögbesü 30r; kümün-e temdegtü mal (ada(ši

(ar(abasu 31r.

tergen cart: tergen 31v, 59v; ger tergen ¯asabasu 36r, 36v, 37r; ger tergen bosqabasu 37r,

42r; ger tergen šinedkebesü 45r; ger tergen arèi(ulbasu 54v; tergen-ü kürdün 25v.

to(o(an pot: qar-a to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada adalamui 26v.

to(osq-a brick: to(osq-a ¯ergelebesü 32r.

toli mirror: yama(an-u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin] manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü 42v; oroi-ta(an

Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri bugüde-dü toli bui 54r.

toor-a net: isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür kemekü na(šidar 25r.

1368
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tong(ori( [Tib. spu gri]; razor; (cf. ODT, 13, 15); Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge inu

tong(ori( bui 20r; ¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu üsün düyilü(èi tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r;

tong(ori( 47r.

tor(on silk; descriptive of dense fire: (altu tor(on ergiküi modun odun 59r.

tosun fat; lard; tallow: èa(an tosun ba. buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü 50v.

tu( flag, standard, banner: tu(-un išin-du uya¯u 50v.

tul(-a trivet; support: tul(-a tulbasu 31v; tul(-a bolqui 38v; tul(-a tulu(èi 52v; (urban

odun-u düri inu. tul(-a-yin modun metü bui 26v; Barani na(šidar kemebesü tul(-a-yin (urban

köl metü bui 32r.

tüliši [=tüleši] fuel; a ritual commemorating the dead; for this ceremony, see RRS, 616;

tüliši ögbesü 28v, 30r, 30v; ükügsed-dür tüliši buu ög 26r; ükügsen kümün-e tüliši ögbesü

26v; ükügsen kümün-dür tüliši ögbesü 29r; ükügsen-tür tüliši ögbesü 29r.

vaèir [S. vajra; Tib. rdo-rje; Mong. dorji]; vajra, thunderbolt; a guru's weapon, symbolic of

the thunderbolt of Indra (Jupiter); (cf. Waddell 1978: 27; ODT, 23); naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu

edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r; qariqui edürün belge inu ¯arimdu( vaèir bui 20r; dörben odun-

u düri vaèir metü bui 31r; vaèir 38r ¯arimdu( vaèir 38r.

yender platform; for the use of the platform in ritual, see RRS, 78; qota yender baribasu

42v.

METALS

alta(n) 1. gold, golden; altan mönggü qudaldubasu 26r; (uyiranèi kümün-dür altan

ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; altan maltabasu 34v; altan buu sürèi 35r; altan ordo mör

1369
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(arbasu sayin 49r; ula(an altatu debel 34v 2. one of the five elements (Ch. jin/chin); örön-e

¯üg-ün altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegüsbe 31r; Anurad Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad

Abaji eden altan bui 61r.

(angla(ur [qangla(ur = (angna(ur] soldering metal: šiker qangla(ur terigüten. tu(-un

išin-du uya¯u 50v.

mönggü silver: altan mönggü qudaldubasu 26r.

temür iron, metal; one of the five elements: isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun

sür kemekü na(šidar 25r; temür maqabud 54r; Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u

gara( büküy-yin tula temür-ün èinar 23v.

STRUCTURES

a(urqai mine; granary, silo; nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi (odun) 33r,

33v; a(urqai bulabasu 42v; a(urqai erübesü 42v.

asar küriy-e hall or enclosure, asar küriy-e baribasu 46v.

ba(urai [=ba(uri] foundation: ba(uray-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; (olomta ba(urai nutu(

qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v.

bal(asun city; town: bal(asun baribasu 22v; isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun

sür kemekü na(šidar 25r; bal(asun deledbesü 25v, 34r, 35r; qota bal(asun èimebesü 34v;

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü 37v; qota bal(asun baribasu 41v, 42r, 43v, 44r,

44r, 61r; qota bal(asun bariqui 45v; qo(osun bal(asun-dur 24v; dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i

quriyaqui 61v.

1370
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

basar [Per. bazar]; inhabited place; hamlet; village: basar belèid-ün na(šidar 30v.

bayišing [Per. pîš-îvân]; building: ger bayišing qota ¯asabasu 28r.

biqar [S. vihara]; ?temple, monastery (cf. MMAD, 12, n. 22); biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai 26r.

boso(-a threshold, doorsill: boso(-a bosqabasu 46v.

bulaši something buried; place where something is buried; grave: bulaši bulabasu 21v;

bulaši buu bula 34v.

èi(ta(-a rope fixed at the center of the roof-ring of a tent; for its use in ritual, see Chabros,

1992: 18; a heavenly spirit: tngri-yin èi(ta(-a-dur dalal(-a buu dalal 33v; örön-e doron-a

èi(ta(-a-dur ber'i buu ba(ul(-a 33v; tngri-yin èi(ta(-a Èista buyu 34r; örön-e doron-a-yin

èi(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r.

dabqur ger multi-storied building: dabqur ger baribasu 43v.

debür roof: debür büribesü 42r.

degelbür felt covering of the upper part of a ger: degelbür talbibasu 44v.

egüde(n)/ egüüde(n) [Tib. sgo; Uy. išik]; gate, passageway: ger-ün egüüde 23v; tngri-yin

egüüde/egüde 33r, 33r, 49v; tngri-yin egüden-dür 49r; (adquldu(èi tngri-yin egüden odun

59r; (a¯ar-un egüüde 33r, 33r; sayin egüüde 33r; ma(u egüüde 33r; sang-un egüüde buu nege

33v; egüde-eèe buru(u to(ala 60r.

(olomta hearth; fireplace in a tent: (olomta ba(urai nutu( qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v;

(olomta ger nutu( mör ede sayin bui 51v; nutu( ger (olomta degüü ede sayin bui 51v;

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egüüde anu sayin 60r; sara yeke bögesü (olomta-aèa ¯öb to(ola 51v.

1371
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ger dwelling; home; sign, i.e., of the zodiac: ger 23r, 51v, 51v; ger baribasu 26r, 26v, 29v,

30v, 30v, 31v, 31v, 34r, 34r, 35r, 43r, 43v, 46v, 55v, 60r; köbegün-e ger baribasu 21v, 35r;

köbegün-dür ger baribasu 34r; šin-e ger baribasu 24r, 35r; küü sang-un ger baribasu 25v;

širid-ün ger baribasu 26v; qadan-dur ger baribasu 35v; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür

37r; dabqur ger baribasu 43v; terigün-dür ger buu bari 55r; ger ed'kebesü 22v, 28v; debel ba

ger ed'kebesü 35r; ger negübesü 23v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 36r, 36v; ger ¯asabasu 25v,

35v, 36r, 36v, 37r; šin-e ger ba qota ¯asabasu 25r; ger bayišing qota ¯asabasu 28r; ger tergen

¯asabasu 36r, 36v, 37r; ger dotor-a yampar qa(uèin bara(an bürin-e ¯asabasu 36r; ger

bosqabasu 28r; küü sang-un ger bosqabasu 20r; sang-un ger bosqabasu 36v; ger tergen

bosqabasu 37r, 42r; šin-e ger abubasu 29v; sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r; ebderegsen ger

buu selbi 34v; ger baribasu ¯ašabasu [=¯asabasu] 35v; qa(uèin ger ebdebesü 36r; ger büri-

36v, 47v; ger tergen šinedkebesü 45r; ger tergen arèi(ulbasu 54v; ger dotor-a qoor qomsa

bolqu 57v; ger-eèe nayir (arbasu 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v; gereèe nayir (arbasu 57r; ger-eèe

x 57v, 58r, 58r; ötegü ükügsen-ü gerte-eèe morin qudaldubasu 31r; isün gerte ni(u¯u 22v;

örön-e qandu(san gerte abèu odba 22v; nigen ger-ün bara(an-i nököge gerte ¯okiyabasu 36v;

gerte oro(ulu(èi 52v; šin-e kümün-i ülü asaraqu ba gerte ülü oro(ulqu edür 53v; ülü taèiyan

gerte oro(ulbasu 53v; gertegen ülü qariqu 48r; ger-tür-iyen qaribasu 36r; ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür

yegüdkü edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui 6r; ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkeküi-dür

ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder neme¯ü 6r; nara Qumqan-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-teki

darasun amtatu bolumui 8r; naran ®i(asun-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula usun-dur qamu( ¯i(asun

güimüi 9r; nara Qonin-u gertür oro(san-u tula Qonin èa(-iyar qura(alamui 10r; nara Üker-ün

1372
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ger-dür oro(san-u tula üker qurièaqui sar-a bui 11r; naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula.

yirtinèü-yin qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r; Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gertür

naran oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-dür meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r; naran Arsalan-u

gertür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki arsalan quraèimui 14r; naran Okin-u gertür oro(san-u tula

yirtinèü-deki<n> okid üjügürkeküi èa( bui 15r; naran Èinglegüür-ün gertür oro(san-u tula.

yirtinèü-deki dusul terigüten-i èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi 16r; naran Tiler-ün gertür oro(sun-u

tula. yirtinèü-deki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r; naran Numun-u gertür oro(san-u

tula yirtinèü-teki numun qata(uu küèütü bolumui 18r; naran Matar-un ger-dür oro(san-u tula

matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; šin-e ger-tür orobasu 22r, 23r, 25v, 26v, 28v, 36r, 36r, 36v,

37r, 37r, 47v; ger-dür yamparba kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü 35v; ger-dür ¯oèid irekü 57r; noqai

kegübesü ger-dür qula(ayièi oroqu 57v; ger-ün egüüde 23v; nigen ger-ün bara(an-i nököge

gerte ¯okiyabasu 36v; gerün e¯in 47v; ger-ün qo(osun anu 48v; gerün [n]iru(un metü 59v.

ger-ün niru(un ridgepole, i.e., of a house; refers to the figure of the 12th Chinese lunar

mansion wei, comprising three stars, " Aquarius and ,, 2 Pegasus (Schlegel 1967:233): gerün

[n]iru(un metü 59v.

kebtešin shelter, e.g., for animals: adu(usun-i šin-e kebtešin-dür kebtegülbesü 36r; mal šin-

e kebtešin-e kebtegülbesü 35v, 36v, 36v.

keyid temple: süm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür 37r; süm-e

keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r; süm-e keyid ba nom

burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom

kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v.

1373
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

küriy-e anything girding; fence; enclosure; camp; monastery: küriy-e deledbesü 31v;

küriy-e baribasu 42v; asar küriy-e baribasu 46v; bariy-a küriy-e-dü uèaraqu 50r.

küü sang treasury: küü sang negebesü 22v, 36r, 37r; küü sang-un ger baribasu 25v; küü

sang-un ger bosqabasu 30r; küü sang bari(èi odun 59r.

odèa(/odèu( hearth; odèa( tülebesü 42v; odèa( egüdbesü 43v; kam-dur uèira(san beri

(ar-ta(an odèu( bari(san bui bügüde-dü sayin 54r.

ordo qarši palace; this probably refers specifically to an icon-case, a receptacle for a

burqan (see RRS, 167); ordo qarši ¯asabasu 21v.

qa(al(-a door; doorway: šin-e qa(al(-a baribasu 22r; qa(al(-a ba usun tegerme

bosqabasu 32r; odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r; qa(al(-a ¯igübesü 43v, 46v, 48r; qa(al(-a

sayin bui 51v; qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egüüde anu sayin 60r.

qota(n) city, fortress, citadel, wall: qota ¯asabasu 22v, 23v, 24r, 29r; šin-e ger ba qota

¯asabasu 25r; ger bayišing qota ¯asabasu 28r; qota deledbesü 32r; qota bal(asun èimebesü

34v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür 37r; qota baribasu 41r, 42r, 42v; qota bal(asun bari-

41v, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 45v, 61r; qota yender baribasu 42v; dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i

quriyaqui 61v; doron-a ¯üg qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur ¯i(abasu 24v.

sang 1. ?; 2. [Ch. ts’ang (Mathews 6707)]; a treasury; granary: Kitad-un Lii du ting sang

neretü sudur 2v; küü sang negebesü 22v, 36r, 37r; küü sang-un ger baribasu 25v; küü sang-un

ger bosqabasu 30r; küü sang bari(èi odun 59r; sang negebesü 36r; sang ülü negekü 35v; sang

negegekü 48r; sang quriyang(ui mör (arbasu ma(u 49r; degüreng sang mör (arbasu sayin

49r; tngri-yin sang 49v; tngri-yin sang-dur mör (arbasu sayin 49r; dolo(an orong(-a-du

1374
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tama(-a-dur sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v; sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r; sang-un ger

bosqabasu 36v.

subur(-a/subur(an [S. câitya; Tib. mchod-rten]; stupa; a burial mound or the image of

a burial mound which symbolically preserves the bodily charisma of Buddha Sâkyamuni; see

RRS, 101-103; šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; subur(-a

bosqabasu 23v, 25r, 26r, 30r, 31v, 32r; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i

oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v; subur(-a baribasu 42v; doro(ši qandu(sun

subur(-a 45r; subur(an metü 59v.

süm-e temple, monastery, shrine: süm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu

sayin edür 37r; süm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu

25r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; süm-e keyid ba

subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v; süm-e baribasu 31v,

47v; süm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v.

süm-e keyid monastery: süm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür

37r; süm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r; süm-e

keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v; süm-e keyid ba subur(-a

burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v; süm-e baribasu 31v, 47v;

süm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v.

širid-ün ger ?an idol temple; cf. RRS, 366-367; širid-ün ger baribasu 26v.

tegerme/tegerm-e mill: tegerm-e bosqabasu 42v; usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r; a(ur

tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 37r; a(ur tegerme bosqabasu 36v.

1375
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

usun tegerme watermill: usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r.

WATERWORKS

quddu( well: quddu( nüke butegen bulabasu 36r; quddu( nüke bulabasu 37r; Taulai edür

quddug ülü maltaqu 57r; quddu(-tur orobasu 37r.

suba( ditch, trench, canal: suba( tatabasu 22r, 25v, 37r; usun suba( tatabasu 36r; suba(

¯asabasu 42r.

tata(al aqueduct, small canal, ditch: tata(al usun tatabasu 12r.

usun tegerme watermill: usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r.

GEOGRAPHY

a(la( secluded, solitary, remote, desolate; a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v; see RRS, RRS, 433.

a(ula mountain: dörben odun-u düri a(ula metü 29r; (a¯ar ködelbesü a(ula ebderemüi

29v; a(ula-aèa modun eribesü ülü oldaqu 47v; Sümber a(ula-yi ¯öbšiyerküy-e ¯egün qabar(-a

kebte¯ü bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimüi 55r; Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi odun 32v,

32v; a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(èi odun ali bui 32v; Sümber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar

Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ekilen [. . .] 32v; Sümber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u

38v.

bayiri battlefield: bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu 22v.

belèid crossroads: Širvan na(šidar kemebesü basar belèid-ün na(šidar bui 30v.

1376
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dalai ocean; sea: matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; ¯a(ur-a usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u

17r.

doboèa( heap, mound: isün doboèa( široi door-a daru(ad 23v.

Enedkeg India; Indian; old form was endkeg (Kara, 1984: 201-202); Enedk[e]g-eèe

orèi(ulu(san Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris 2r; Enedk[e]g-ün yosu(ar 2v, 2v; Enedk[e]g-ün

Èa(-un kürdüèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; Enedk[e]g-ün keleber

32r.

(a¯ar earth, ground: (a¯ar usun-u e¯id 2v; (a¯ar usun e¯id-i takibasu 39v; (a¯ar usun èöm

gesümüi 9r; (a¯ar usun èöm amin nüke kürümüi 18r; (a¯ar usun-aèa ekin eribesü 34v; aman-a

(a¯ar usun-i taki 55v; Luu Noqai Üker Qoni Taulai edür (a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a ba(uqu

58v; tariyan-u köröngge (a¯ar oroba 10r; Luu (a¯ar 18r; (a¯ar tal-a ödken èasun bolumui 19r;

šin-e (a¯ar bariqu 24r; (a¯ar ködelbesü 25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r,

28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 32r, 37r; (a¯ar

baribasu 30v; (a¯ar könde- 34v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 37r, 37r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v,

44r, 58v, 58v, 58v; bariqu (a¯ar eribesü 42r; tariyalang-un (a¯ar qudalduqui 45v; belbesün

em-e kümün bükü (a¯ar bariqu na(šidar kemeyü 29v; aqui (a¯ar èinu qami(-a bui 32v;

tariyan-u (a¯ar olqu 46v; qola (a¯ar ¯oriqu 58r; šin-e (a¯ar il(abasu 61r; (a¯ar-a 6v, 9r, 10r,

11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 19r; dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju 6r;

arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a 6v; Takiy-a (a¯ar-a 8r; dolo(an alqu (a¯ar-a 23v; örön-e

umara qandu(san (ool-dur šara široi-du (a¯ar-a ni(u¯u 24r; tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un

o(talda(san na(šidar 28v; qola (a¯ar-a qudaldu odbasu 36r; qola (a¯ar-a odqui 47v; qola

1377
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(a¯ar-a mör (arbasu 47v; öni qola (a¯ar-a 57r; qola busu (a¯ar-a odqu 61v; do(olang

jerimdeg a(sad (a¯ar-aèa (urban edür-e (arumui 24r; qa(urai (a¯arèa usun (ar(an èidamu

32v; ese sana(san (a¯ar-aèa dayisun bolqu 42v; qola (a¯arèa ¯oèid irekü 57r; süme keyid

bariqu (a¯ar-<y>i beleglebesü 23r; qada (a¯ar-<y>i nuqubasu 23v; önüèin köbegün dumda

büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar bui 27r; ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu 31r; èireg ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i

baribasu 32r; (a¯ar-<y>i tübšidken èidamu 32v; tngri (a¯ar-<y>i taki 32v; tngri (a¯ar-<y>i

takibasu 35r; köbegün töröbesü eèige inu üküyü. ösügsen qoyin-a (a¯ar-ta(an ülü aqu bui 30r;

(a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur öèüken oromui 8r; (a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r; (a¯ar-dur

dula(an-u tegši oromui 10r; (a¯ar-tur èakirma(-un èièig delgeremüi 11r; (a¯ar-tur qamu(

nabèi ündüsün ur(umui 12r; (a¯ar-dur qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad lungru neretü èièig

delgeremüi 13r; (a¯ar-dur serigün següder una(ad qulan una(an-iyan telèiyemüi 14r; (a¯ar-

dur ¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi 15r; (a¯ar-dur èo( neretü ebesün èindaralamui 16r;

(a¯ar-tur qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad küiten-ü a(ur oromui 17r; (a¯ar-tur ¯egeren taki

qošiyalamui 18r; qadatu (a¯ar-tur taribasu 35v; (a¯ar-un ene oron 3r; tngri (a¯ar-un qorin

dörben a(ur èa( 6r; (a¯ar-un (al 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; (a¯ar-un

e¯en/e¯id [Skt. bhûmipati; Tib. sa-bdag]; lords of the earth, spirit lords of the soil; genius loci

(cf. TEDP, 419); (a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; (a¯ar-un e¯in

noqai ideši eriküi edür 20v; dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( büküi 24r; luus-un qad

(a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu 30r; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯in-i

takibasu 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; (a¯arun e¯in qa(an 39v; luus-un qad

(a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r; ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v;

1378
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in bui 20v; (a¯ar-un egüüde

ali bui 33r; (a¯ar-un egüüde mön Barani 33r; tngri-yin Vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un

qara qarèa(ai kemekü qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün 39v 44r; tngri (a¯ar-un on sara edür èa(

möèe. odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in 55r; (a¯ar-un ba(atud 58v, 58v, 58v; (a¯ar-un sünesü

58v; Luu Noqai Üker Qoni Taulai edür (a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a ba(uqu 58v.

(ool river: qo(osun (ool ba qo(osun bal(asun-dur qara modun-u door-a ni(u¯u amu 24v;

örön-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur šara široi-du (a¯ar-a ni(u¯u 24r.

¯am road: ¯am ¯asabasu 19r.

keger-e the steppe, field: keger-e oyir-a bui 24r.

ki¯a(ar frontier: ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu 31r, 32r; nigen kümün ki¯a(ar dayisun daru(èi

odun 59r; modun-u èinadu ki¯a(ar-a ni(u¯u amui 22r; usun-u ki¯a(ar-a ni(u¯u amui 23r.

Kitad China; Chinese: Kitad to(alaqui šastir 2r; Kitad üsüg-dür 35v; Kitad qadu(ur

bari(san beri 54r; Kitad-tur 2r; qara Kitad-un oron 2r; Manjušari-yin Kitad-un oron 2r; qara

Kitad-un to(-a 2r; Kitad-un šastir 2r; Kitad-un Lii-du ting sang neretü sudur 2v; qutu(tu

Manjušari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar 2v; Kitad-un to(aèin 3r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r; Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar 2v, 2v, 2v; qara Kitad-un to(aèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r,

13r, 14r; (ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar bui 29r.

na(ur lake: 39v; luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r.

köser earth, soil, ground: köser-e qoèorqu 55v, 56r.

Mong(ol Mongol: Mong(ol Tabun sara 12r; mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi

dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi saki(èi ebdegèi tüšigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi

1379
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kemen ungšimui 35v; Mong(ol-tur Qubi sara kememü 8r; Mong(ol-dur Qoyar sara 9r;

Mong(ol-tur 'urban sara 10r; Mong(ol-dur. Dörben sar-a 11r; Mong(ol-dur ®ir(u(an sara

13r; Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an sar-a 14r; Mong(ol-dur Naiman sara 15r; Mong(ol-dur Isün sara

16r; Mong(ol-tur Arban nigen sar-a 18r; Mong(ol-dur Kögeler-ün sar-a 19r.

mör path; way: 51v; nara sara mör tögerekü 4r; ¯oliy-a mör 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; mör (arbasu 22r, 24v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v,

29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r,

36r, 36v, 36v, 37r, 43v, 46v, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r, 54r; mal

adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa( mör (arbasu 25r; ¯i(ulèin kümün mör (arqu na(šidar 26v; mör

(arqu edürün sayin kemebesü 48v; dörben terigün sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r;

dörben dumdadu sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r; dörben eèüs sarayin mör (arqu

kürdün ene bui 49r; aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün 49v;

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün

bui 49v; tabun dakini-yin mör (arqu edür-yi ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 49v; arban qoyar edür-

ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün ene bui 50r; arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu

¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (araqu jüg-ün ü¯ekü kürdün

okin-u mör (arqu edür kemebesü 54r; beri mör (arqu ¯üg kemebesü 54r; qola mör ülü (arqu

57v; yabuqu mör-dür talbi¯u 24r; mör bütügekü-yin urida 41r; tngri-yin mör kemekü edür 49r;

qara mör-dü bolunam 52v; öl¯eyitü mör 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r; (asalang-un mör 54r, 54r, 54r,

54r; mör ba yasun buu (ar(-a 58v; ¯i(ulèin mör türidkegèi odun 59r.

1380
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

mörin [=mören]; large river; lake: šin-e ba qa(uèin ong(oèa mörin-e buu oro(ul buu

getülge 35v.

nutu( native land: nutu( buu ü¯e 34v; nutu( ularibasu 34v, 43v; nutu( qa(al(-a sayin bui

51v; (olomta ger nutu( mör ede sayin bui 51v; nutu( ger (olomta degüü ede sayin bui 51v;

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egüüde anu sayin 60r; nutu(-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v; šin-e nutu(-dur

buu ba(u 43r.

nüke(n) hole: (a¯ar usun èöm amin nüke kürümüi 18r; quddu( nüke bulabasu 37r; quddu(

nüke butegen bulabasu 36r; kegür-ün nüke metü 59v; Mo(ai sara mön-ü tula mo(ai arisun-

iyan nüken-dür orkimui 11r; Qulu(an-a sara mön-ü tula belge inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-

eèe ülü (arumui 18r.

o(tar(ui sky; firmament: (a¯ar-un sünesü anu. Baras Mo(ai Beèin 'aqai edür-e o(tar(ui-

du amui 58v; o(tar(ui-dur Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 8r; o(tar(ui-tur Udaribalguni

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 9r; o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r; o(tar(ui-dur

Šuša( na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r; o(tar(ui-dur Èista na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r; o(tar(ui-

dur Burvasad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 13r; o(tar(ui-dur Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 14r;

o(tar(ui-dur Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r; šir(ol¯i terigüten amitan degde¯ü

o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r; o(tar(ui-dur Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 16r; o(tar(ui-dur

Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 17r; o(tar(ui-tur Margišar na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 18r;

o(tar(ui-dur Bus na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 19r; o(tar(uy-yi egülen bürkü¯ü 4v.

oi modun forest: oi modun o(talqui 61v.

1381
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

orgil summit: Sümber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u Mahašuvari

terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar èinggeldümüi 38v; Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi

odun 32v, 32v; mön uridu qoyar odun terigülen ¯ir(u(an qadu(ur odun ba. tngri-yin noqai

ba. Modun odun kiged orgil-iyar to(orimui 32v.

oro(n) 1. place, land; 2. throne; 3. branch of learning: šin-e širigen oro ¯asabasu 36v; oron

3r; Manjušari-yin Kitad-un oron buyu 2r; burqan-u oron eribesü 22v; (qan) oron-a sa(u- 8r,

21v, 25v, 34v, 37r, 41v, 61r; nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v; qara

Kitad-un oron-dur 2r; a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v; tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida Šingq-a sari

1v; naran qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula 12r; oron-u širige baribasu 37r.

qada(n) rock; qada (a¯ar-<y>i nuqubasu 23v; qada èila(un-aèa modun (ar(an èidamu 32v;

qadatu (a¯ar-tur taribasu 35v; takir no(èi kümün-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(èi 33v; qadan-dur

ger baribasu 35v.

qangin ?a place name; Mostaert notes that biqar qangin is probably for biqar keyid; biqar

> Skt. vihara "temple, monastery" (MMAD, 12, n. 22); biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai 26r.

qara Kitad [Tib. rgya nag]; black China/Chinese; the term is derived from the Tibetan

designation of China as the Black land (as opposed to India, the White land (rgya gar)) and

thus reflects the Tibetan orientation of the field of mathematics (to(-a): qara Kitad-un oron

2r; qara Kitad-un to(-a 2r; qara Kitad-un to(aèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r.

quma( fine sand: nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma( 60r; nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur

ula(an quma( 60r; šara ula(an quma(-du edüd 60r.

1382
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Sümber a(ul-a [S. Sumeru]; Mt. Sumeru; the mythological mountain in the center of the

world in Buddhist cosmology; Sümber a(ul-a 32v, 38v, 55r; Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar

to(ori(èi odun 32v, 32v.

širo(ai dirt: ong(od-i takibasu širo(ai-dur adali 48r.

široi earth; one of the four elements; one of the five elements; the planet Saturn; Saturday:

široi 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v, 21v, 45v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; Široi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v. 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v,

52r, 53r, 55v, 56r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u nigen šinede Široi odun-iyar

ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi

terigüten Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v; Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü

(a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( büküy-yin tula. yeke erketü široy-yin èinar buyu 24r; Široi odun kücün

tegüs-ün èa( 24r; isün adqu široi 22r; isün doboèa( široi 23v; široi ködelgebesü 42r; qoyar

široi uèirabasu šidei bütüküi-yin uèaral 45v; usu široi qoyar uèarabasu egüride aqu-yin uèiral

46r; široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r; (al široi qoyar uèarabasu tüleküi-yin

uèiral 46r; šara široi-du (a¯ar 24r; Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara(

büküy-yin tula. yeke erketü široy-yin èinar buyu 24r; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad

Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v.

tib continent: bey-e inu (urban tib-i degürümüi 55r.

1383
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

to(osun dust: to(osun bari¯u 3r.

Töbed Tibet; Tibetan: Töbed-dür Baras sara 8r; Töbed-dür Taulai sara 9r; Töbed-dür Luu

sara 10r; Töbed-dür Mo(ai sar-a 11r; Töbed-dür Morin sara 12r; Töbed-dür Qonin sara 13r;

Töbed-dür Beèin sar-a 14r; Töbed-dür Takiy-a sara 15r; Töbed-dür Noqai sara 16r; Töbed-dür

'aqai sar-a 17r; Töbed-dür Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r; Töbed-dür Üker sar-a 19r; Töbed-ün keleber.

isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab] 32r.

tüimer forest fire: ger baribasu ¯a(u qono(-du tüimer šitaqu 60r; tüimer-e tüimeridkü

qula(ai oromui 47v.

usu(n) water; one of the four elements; one of the five elements; the water star; Mercury;

Wednesday: usu(n) 5r, 8r, 9r, 14r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v, 21v, 21v, 22r, 23r, 24v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32v, 36r, 36v, 45v, 47v,

59r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; usun bari(èid 1v; (a¯ar usun-u e¯id 2v, 39v; (a¯ar

usun èöm gesümüi 9r; (a¯ar usun èöm amin nüke kürümüi 18r; (a¯ar usun-aèa ekin eribesü

34v; aman-a (a¯ar usun-i taki 55v; (a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a ba(uqu 58v; usun-iyar

qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal 3v; usu egürügsen kümün-lüge ¯ol(aqu. 5r; Usun odun 5r, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r,

44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r,

55v, 56r; tata(al usun tatabasu; 12r; usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u qa(dalamui. 17r; usun-u

üiles üiledbesü 19r; usun saèu(ad 21v; usun-u èinar bui 22r, 22v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad

1384
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Tanis

Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden usun bui 61r; usun-u ki¯a(ar-a

ni(u¯u amui 23r; usun širgeyü 30r; usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r; usun-u dolo(an na(šidar

32r; qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v; usun(-u) galab 33r, 33r; usun suba(

tatabasu 36r; usun takil 45v; usu široi qoyar uèarabasu 46r; usu kei qoyar uèarabasu 46r; usu

(al qoyar uèarabasu 46r; Usun Modun Altan ede edüd sayin 48v; usun maqabud 54r.

yirtinèü the world; the earth: yirtinèü-tekin-ü ¯obalang 2v; yirtinèü-teki ¯öng bilig 1v;

yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r; yirtinèü-teki arsalan quraèimui 14r; yirtinèü-teki<n>

okid üjügürkeküi èa( 15r; yirtinèü-teki dusul terigüten-i èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi 16r;

yirtinèü-teki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r; yirtinèü-teki numun qata(uu küèütü

bolumui 18r; yirtinèü-deki aliba sayin üiles üiledbesü 44v; yirtinèü-dür meneki-yin da(un

kögemei bolumui 13r; yirti[n]èü-yi ebdegèi 39v; yirtinèü-yin qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil

törömüi 12r; yirtinèü-yin üiles 38r.

GOVERNMENT

elèi messenger; ambassador: elèi ¯arubasu 31v.

isangla- [Mong. erke tegülder bol-]; to invest with power; promote: noyan isanglabasu 61r;

noyad isanglaqu 35v; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür 37r; Üker

edür noyan ülü isanglaqu 57r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

iši(n) 1. stem; 2. prophecy; 3. principal or first wife of a noble: iši ü¯igülbesü 28r; iši buu

ü¯igül 34r;Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v; noyan iši ¯ol(abasu 37r; noyad iši-dür

¯ol(obasu sayin 35v; išiten tübšidkü üiles 61r; tu(-un išin-tü uya¯u 50v.

¯arli( edict: ¯arli( nom kiged Nagajuna terigüten degedü merged-ün ta(alal 4r; ¯arlig bièig

tarqabasu 18r; ¯arli( bolurun sadhu kemeged ¯arli( bolurun 32v; ¯arli( nom medekü bolumui

37v; ¯arli(-un èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 22v.

¯erge rank; level: degedüs-ün ¯erge-dür oroqu 24r; ma(ui arad-i sayid-un ¯erge-dür

oro(ulu(èi 33r; ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un ¯erge-düroro(ulu(èi Qasta buyu 33v; tüšimed-ün

¯erge-eèe ba(ura(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ur(ulu(èi Abaji buyu

33v.

kegeri standard: ula(an kegeri bari¯u 21v; qara kegeri bariju 22r; köke kegiri bari¯u 23v;

èa(an keg[e]ri bari¯u 23v; šara kegeri bari¯u 24v.

kiiri standard: qara kiiri bari¯u 23r; šara kiiri bari¯u 23r.

noyad [pl. of noyan]; princes, lords, masters: noyad isanglaqu 35v; noyad iši-dür ¯ol(obasu

35v; noyad-dur ma(u 26r.

noyan lord, prince, chief, commander: noyan kümün 5r; èereg-ün noyan 21v; èereg-ün

noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v; èireg-ün noyan-u gara( 22v; èereg-ün noyan ükükü 40r; (a¯ar

ködelbesü ulus-un noyan ükükü 27v; qan noyan bolqu 46v; noyan sa(uqu 47v; noyan iši

¯ol(abasu 37r; noyan isanglaqu 37r; Üker edür noyan ülü isanglaqu 57r; noyan isanglabasu

61r; doron-a ¯üg qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur ¯i(abasu 24v; dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan-u

1386
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ner-e 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e 23r; èireg mordobasu noyan-u bey-e

ba morin-dur ma(u 41r.

oro(n) 1. place, land; 2. throne; 3. branch of learning: šin-e širigen oro ¯asabasu 36v; oron

3r; Manjušari-yin Kitad-un oron buyu 2r; burqan-u oron eribesü 22v; (qan) oron-a sa(u- 8r,

21v, 25v, 34v, 37r, 41v, 61r; nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v; qara

Kitad-un oron-dur 2r; a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v; tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida Šingq-a sari

1v; naran qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula 12r; oron-u širige baribasu 37r.

orong(-a banner, flag, standard: yerti[n]èü-yi ebdegèi qara orong(-a bari¯u 39v; dolo(an

orong(-a-du tama(-a 33v, 34r.

qad [pl. of qan]; rulers: luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r; luus-un qad

adalamui 26v; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu 30r; luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki

43r; qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; naiman luus-ud

qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v; arban tabun-a luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui

8r; Saran odun kemebesü door-a luus-un qad-un gara( büküi 22r; luus-un qad-un èoga

üiledbesü 22r; luus-un qad-un ebedèin kürteyü 34v; (a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada

adalamui 34v; luus-un qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r; luus-un qad-un qariqui edür 39v; tabun

kümün qad-un èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 22r.

qa(an ruler; emperor; king: qa(an . . . asa(urun 32v, 33r, 33r, 33r; qa(an teden alimad

bui kemen asa(ubasu 33v; qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v; qa(an

sonosu(ad 32v; qa(an narin-a ü¯e¯ü gün-e ono¯u medegdeküi 34r; tngri-yin vim-a neretü

degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai 39v; (a¯arun e¯in qa(an 39v; qa(an ba(ura¯u 42v;

1387
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qa(an-a (tatal(-a) bièig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v; JaŸarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saèa(uu 26v;

nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi 34r; yaa(š-a-un qa(an-u gara( 22v; kešig

erdeni qa(an-u gara( 23v; okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u

odun 32v.

qan ruler; lord; emperor; king: qan oron-a sa(ubasu 21v, 25v, 34v, 41v, 61r; qan oron-a

sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür 37r; qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v;

üküger-ün qan ada adalamui 26r; (urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan metü bui 29v; qan

kümün-i ür-e alda(ula(èi [odun] ali bui 33r; qan kümün-i ür-e-yi alda(ulu(èi Margišar buyu

33v; qan kümün üiles bütükü 45v; qan kümün-eèe èola abubasu 47v; qan kümün törö¯ü ükükü

odun 59r; Altan odun x qan noyan bolqu 46v; dada qan kemekü edür mör (arbasu ma(u 49v;

qan-dur maši sayin 52v; görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün metü bui 30r.

qatud [pl. of qatun]; queens: qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r.

qatun queen, empress: belbesün qatun kümün ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 22v; qatun kümün-i

asarabasu 23r; bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun buyu 32v; Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu

ü¯igül 33v; Vim-a neretü qatun Qasta buyu 34r.

sandali seat; chair: beèin edür šin-e širegen sandali deger-e ülü sa(uqu 58r; sandali metü

59v.

sayid magnate, minister, dignitary: sayid-un ¯erge-dür oro(ulu(èi odun 33r, 33v.

širege(n) table, desk, throne, seat; alter: šin-e širigen oro ¯asabasu 36v; oron-u širige

baribasu 37r; širegen sandali deger-e ülü sa(uqu 58r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tabèang [S. âsana; Tib. gdan; Mong. debisker]; throne; dias; see RRS, 78; tabèang baribasu

23r.

tama(-a seal; brand: dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r;

tama(-a èi(ul(abasu 36r; dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a-dur sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v.

tang(ari( oath: tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( kememüi 22v.

tatal(-a bièig tribute: qa(an-a tatal(-a bièig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v.

tayiqu [Ch. taihu/t’ai-hou (Mathews, 6020.a 10)]; mother of the emperor: dayiwang tayiqu

52r, 53r.

tayiši [Ch. taishi/t’ai-shih (Mathews 6020.a 20)] grand master, imperial teacher; honorary

title of the first degree: qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v.

törö government; power; authority: törö bari- 45v, 61r; törö buu bari 34v; yeke törö

baribasu 41v.

tu( flag, standard, banner: tu(-un išin-du uya¯u 50v.

tüšimed [pl. of tüšimel]; functionaries; bureaucrats: qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v;

tüšimed erdeni bolqu na(šidar bui 30v; tüšimed ba(ura¯u (uyiranèi bolumui 42v; tüšimed-ün

¯erge-eèe ba(ura(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r; tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ur(ulu(èi Abaji buyu

33v.

tüšimed erdeni minister’s jewel; the insignia of a minister is one of the seven jewels; see

dolo(an erdeni in Lessing, 1168, under erdeni; tüšimed erdeni bolqu na(šidar bui 30v.

ulus nation: nara sara ükübesü tere ulus-dur (aši(un ¯obalang-dur ayul bolqu 27r; (a¯ar

ködelbesü ulus-un noyan ükükü 27v; (anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in odun 59r.

1389
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

LANGUAGE

FOREIGN TRANSCRIPTIONS

CHINESE

bi [Ch. bi/pi “to close” (Mathews 5092); Mongolian qa(a(èi]; 12th of the twelve lords of

the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui

35v; bi qa(a(èi edür 37r; bi pô edür 48v.

bing [Ch. bing/ping (Mathews 5284)]; the 3rd Heavenly stem; 2. [Ch. ping “level”]; [see

under ping]: bing šin yile 7v; bing šin edür 7v; bing baras sara 7v; bing baras èa( 7v; bing

luu sara 7v; bing luu èa( 7v; bing morin sara 7v; bing morin èa( 7v; bing beèin sara 7v; bing

beèin èa( 7v; bing noqai sara 7v; bing noqai èa( 7v; bing qulu(an-a sara 7v; bing qulu(an-a

èa( 7v; bing ding 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

èeng/èing – [Ch. cheng “to succeed”; (Mathews 379); Mong. bütügèi]; 9th of the twelve lords

of the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui

35v; èeng bütügèi edür 36v; èing gii edür 48v.

èuu [Ch. jian/chien, “to remove; purify,” (Mathews 853); Mong. aril(a(èi]; 2nd of the

twelve lords of the day): Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi.

kemen ungšimui 35v; èuu aril(a(èi edür 35v.

èün/èun [Ch. chun “spring”] (Mathews, 1493 (p. 211)); èün ¯un bolbasu 6r; qoyitu on li

èun 7r.

èün ¯un [Ch. chun “spring” (Mathews, 1493 (p. 211)) and Ch. zhong “middle” (Mathews,

1504 (p. 213))]; the middle of spring, i.e., the vernal equinox; èün ¯un bolbasu 6r.

1390
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dan [Ch. dui (Mathews, 6560)]; one of the eight trigrams; dan-dur ucira(san beri kümün-ü

yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r.

dayang [Ch. dayang/ta-yang]; the sun; the yang principle (Lessing 1951: 158); while

Chinese taiyang refers to the sun, the reference here is to an asterism, dayang, so named

because it marks the path of the sun (Schlegel 1967: 113, 818-819, nn. 365-369); see also the

Mongolian star naran (TU, 903): dayang kemekü edür mör (arbasu ma(u 49v.

dayiwang tayiqu [Ch. daiwang; Ch. taihou (Mathews, 6020.a.10)]; mother and father of

the emperor; as one of the four demons of a bride, context suggests that this pair belong as one

star spirit (52r); compare the celestial emperor (tianwang) and the heavenly empress (tianhou

[Schlegel 1967: 100, 149, 164]): dayiwang tayiqu 53r; beri-yin dörben šilmus kemebesü

dayiwang dayiqu šitügen eke. lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai

52r.

ding 1. [Ch. ding/ting (Mathews 6381)]; the 4th Heavenly stem; 2. [Ch. ding/ting (Mathews

6393); Mong. to(ta(èi]; to make stable; 5th of the twelve lords of the day (see Mostaert

MMAD, 21, #61): ding 52r; ding šim yile 7v; ding šim edür 7v; ding taulai sara 7v; ding

taulai èa( 7v; ding mo(ai sara 7v; ding mo(ai èa( 7v; ding qonin sara 7v; ding qonin èa( 7v;

ding takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a èa( 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai èa( 7v; ding üker

sara 7v; ding üker èa( 7v; bing ding 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r; Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing.

ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v; ding to(ta(èi edür 36r.

1391
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

düng¯i [Ch. dong zhi]; the winter solstice (Mathews, 6603 (p. 963)); nara emüneši odqui

eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür 6r; basa düng¯i bolbasu ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe

qoyin-a edür ulam urtudumui 6r.

gen [Ch. gen (Mathews, 3327)]; 7th of the eight trigrams: gen-dür uèira(san beri niru(un-

ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri bui bügüdedü ma(u 54r.

geng/ging [Ch. geng (Mathews, 3339)]; the 7th Heavenly stem: ii geng yile 7v; ii geng edür

7v; ging baras sara 7v; ging luu sara 7v; ging morin sara 7v; ging beèin sara 7v; ging noqai

sara 7v; ging qulu(an-a sara 7v; ging luu èa( 7v; ging morin èa( 7v; ging beèin èa( 7v; ging

noqai èa( 7v; ging qulu(an-a èa( 7v; ging baras èa( 7v; ging šin<g> 41r; ging šing 52r, 52r,

52r, 52r, 52r.

gi/gii 1. [Ch. ji/chi (Mathews, 429)]; the 6th heavenly stem; [see under ¯i]; 2. [Ch. zhi/chih

“to uphold, protect” (Mathews, 996); Mong. saki(èi]; 6th of the twelve lords of the day:

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v; gi

saki(èi edür 36r èing gii edür sayin 48v.

gin [Ch. qian/ch’ien (Mathews, 3233)]; the first trigram: gin-dür uèira(san beri oroi-ta(an

Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri bugüde-dü toli bui 54r.

ging 1. [Chinese geng]; the 7th Heavenly stem; [see under geng]; 2. Tib. letter ki (Jäschke,

3a): ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v.

güi [Ch. gui/kuei (Mathews 3628)]; the 10th of the ten heavenly stems: güi 52r; uu güi yile

7v; uu güi edür 7v; güi taulai sara 7v; güi taulai èa( 7v; güi mo(ai sara 7v; güi mo(ai èa(

7v; güi qonin sara 7v; güi qonin èa( 7v; güi takiy-a sara 7v; güi takiy-a èa( 7v; güi (aqai sara

1392
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

7v; güi (aqai èa( 7v; güi üker sara 7v; güi üker èa( 7v; šim güi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r/šim yii

[=güi] 52r, 52r.

ii [Ch. yi/i (Mathews 3017)]; the 2nd Heavenly stem: ii 52r; ii geng; ii geng yile 7v; ii geng

edür 7v; ii taulai sara 7v; ii mo(ai sara 7v; ii qonin sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ii (aqai sara 7v;

ii üker sara 7v; ii taulai èa( 7v; ii mo(ai èa( 7v; ii qonin èa( 7v; ii takiy-a èa( 7v; ii (aqai

èa( 7v; ii üker èa( 7v; ¯a ii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

janggün/sanggün [Ch. jiangjun/chiang-chün, “the general,” (Mathews 656.h.13)] “ike

jangjun tenggeri,” (Pentagot dictionary, 17445, p. 998); the Chinese asterism

tiandajiangjun/t’ien-ta-chiang-chün (the great celestial general), (, < and another star in

Andromeda and *, ,, ( and another star in Triangulum; ( Andromeda represented the Great

celestial general (Schlegel 1967: 339; Staal 1984: 55; Allen, 1963: 416; Ho 1966: 89); Tib.

tsan-kun (TEDP, 122-126): janggün, 9v, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r; janggün

doron-a 8r; sanggün umar-a 19r.

jen [Ch. zhen/chen (Mathews 315)]; the fourth trigram: jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-a-bar

tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v.

¯a [Ch. jia/chia (Mathews 610)]; first, chief; first of the ten heavenly stems: ¯a ii 41r, 52r,

52r, 52r, 52r, 52r; ¯a ¯i kemekü 7r; ¯a yii yile 7v; ¯a gi edür 7v; ¯a baras sara 7v; ¯a luu sara 7v;

¯a morin sara 7v; ¯a beèin sara 7v; ¯a noqai sara 7v; ¯a qulu(an-a sara 7v; ¯a luu èa( 7v; ¯a

morin èa( 7v; ¯a beèin èa( 7v; ¯a noqai èa( 7v; ¯a qulu(an-a èa( 7v; ¯a baras èa( 7v.

1393
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

¯an [Ch. jian/chien (Mathews 853); Mong. e¯ilegèi]; to found, establish; 1st of the twelve

lords of the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v; ¯an e¯ilegèi edür 35v.

¯i/yii/gi/gii [Ch. ji/chi (Mathews 429)]; the 6th heavenly stem: ¯i/gii 52r; ¯a ¯i kemekü 7r; ¯a

yii [=¯i] yile 7v; ¯a gi [=¯i] edür 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; gii qonin sara 7v; gi

takiy-a sara 7v; gi (aqai sara 7v; gi üker sara 7v; gi taulai èa( 7v; gi mo(ai èa( 7v; gi qonin

èa( 7v; gi takiy-a èa( 7v; gii (aqai èa( 7v; gi üker èa( 7v; uu gii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r/uu ¯ii 52r.

¯un [Ch. zhong/chung (Mathews 1504)]; èün ¯un bolbasu 6r; qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng

šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r.

kam [Ch. kan/k’an (Mathews 3245)]; the second trigram: kam-dur uèira(san beri (ar-ta(an

odèu( bari(san bui bügüde-dü sayin 54r.

ke [Ch. kai/k’ai (Mathews 3204) “to open”; Mong. negegèi]; 11th of the twelve lords of the

day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v;

ke negegèi edür 36v.

kun [Ch. kun/k’un (Mathews 3684)]; one of the eight trigrams: kun-dur uèira(san beri

bügüde sayin buyan kešig bari(san beri bui sayin 54r.

li èun [Ch. li “to fix”and chun/ch’un “spring” (Mathews 3921a.34]; beginning of spring; first

of the twenty-four joints and breaths, about February 5-18 (see also Palmer, 66); qoyitu on li

èun 7r.

lii [1. ?Ch. li (Mathews 3930 or 3931 “to calculate; the calendar”]; 2. [Ch. li (Mathews

3902)]; brightness; one of the eight trigrams: Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neretü sudur-dur Mig

1394
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u šinelekü bolai 2v; lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-i

keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52v; lii-dür uèira(san beri-yi abubasu (ar-ta(an qada(ur

bari(san beri bui. ma(u. mo(ai morin ¯iltü beri-dür ülem¯i ma(u 54r.

lingquu-a [Ch. lianqua/lian-hua (Mathews 4014.7)]; (urban odun-u düri inu lingquu-a

metü bui 32r; lingquu-a metü 59v.

Luuq-a odun [S. Râhu; Tib. gza’chen; Ch. Luohou (Mathews 4099, 2142; Soothill and

Hodous, 472a)]; the Luuq-a star; the eighth day of the week; Râhu, after Chinese

transcription, Luo hou; in Hindu astronomy Râhu is the ascending node, where the moon

moves to the north of the sun’s path; its complement, Ketu, is the descending node where the

moon moves to the south; the nodes complete one revolution in just over 18½ years; in Hindu

mythology Râhu is a demon who devours the sun or moon at eclipses; in Hindu astrology,

Râhu and Ketu are added to the seven bodies of the week, making the week nine days long;

by the 8th century A.D. Râhu and Ketu were names of the nodes in China (luohou and jizi

[Stone 1981: 25-36]); cf. also Burgess 1859: 194; MMAD, 32, n. 87; ODT, 94; Cornu 1997:

144; Indian Râhu and Ketu have an antecedent in Babylonian Tiamat, the dragon, that

stretched across the heavens, her head and her tail on the equator at opposite ends of a

diameter (Tester, 1987: 121): Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar kei bui 45v.

man [Ch. man (Mathews 4326) “to fill”; Mong. dügürügèi]; 3rd of the twelve lords of the

day]: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v;

man dügürügèi edür 36r.

1395
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ping/bing [Ch. ping/p’ing (Mathews 5303); Mong. tübšidkegèi]; level; 4th of the twelve

lords of the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v; ping tübšidkegèi edür 36r.

pô [Ch. po/p’o (Mathews 5344); Mong. ebdegèi]; to destroy; 7th of the twelve lords of the

day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v;

pô ebdegèi. edür 36r; bi pô edür ma(u 48v.

sui [Ch. shui]; water; [see yuu sui]; ene on ¯uu sui 7r.

šaji [Ch. hsia zhi]; the summer solstice (see Mathews, 2521.18 (p. 372)); nara umar-a ¯üg

odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür 6r; edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6v.

šim [Ch. ren/jen (Mathews 3100)]; the 9th heavenly stem; the Mongolian transcription

reflects the Middle Chinese pronunciation of the term, which had a final -m; for the same

transcription in the Uygur Turfan documents, see Rachmati, 304: ding šim yile 7v; ding šim

edür 7v; šim baras sara 7v; šim baras èa( 7v; šim luu sara 7v; šim luu èa( 7v; šim morin sara

7v; šim morin èa( 7v; šim beèin sara 7v; šim beèin èa( 7v; šim noqai sara 7v; šim noqai èa(

7v; šim qulu(an-a ; šim qulu(an-a sara 7v; šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v; šim güi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r,

52r, 52r.

šin/šing [Ch. xin/hsin (Mathews 2739)]; the 8th Heavenly stem: šin 52r; bing šin yile 7v;

šin taulai sara 7v; šin mo(ai sara 7v; šin qonin sara 7v; šin takiy-a sara 7v; šin (aqai sara 7v;

šin üker sara 7v; bing šin edür 7v; šin taulai èa( 7v; šin mo(ai èa( 7v; šin qonin èa( 7v; šin

takiy-a èa( 7v; šin (aqai èa( 7v; šin üker èa( 7v; ging šin<g> 41r/ging šin 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r,

52r.

1396
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

šiu [1. Ch. qiu/ch’iu (Mathews 1227)]; autumn, fall; 2. [Ch. shou (Mathews 5837); Mong.

quriya(èi]; to gather in, put away; the 10th of the twelve lords of the day: Qoyar sara-dur edür

söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r; Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi.

kemen ungšimui 35v; šiu quriya(èi edür 36v.

sön [Ch. sun (Mathews 5550)]; one of the eight trigrams: sön-dür uèira(san beri (arta(an

širbegel bari(san bui 54v.

süng [Ch. song/sung (Mathews 5565); an asterism comprising one star; it represents the

state of Sung, situated to the east of the modern province of Hunan; Schlegel gives it as 0

Serpens (Schlegel 1967: 537); Staal gives it as 0 Ophiuchi (Staal 1984: 135); (cf. also TU,

899): süng kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49v.

tayiqu [Ch. taihu/t’ai-hou (Mathews, 6020.a.10)]; mother of the emperor: dayiwang tayiqu

52r, 53r.

tayisui [Ch. taisui/t’ai-sui (Mathews 6020.a 22)]; Jupiter; the "Great Year" star in Chinese

astrology; yin counterpart to the planet Jupiter; a star god that presides over the year; cf.

Smith, Chinese Astrology (1992): 6, 11; compare the Hindu god, Indra; tayisui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r,

12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ¯il-ün tayisui 55v.

tayiši [Ch. taishi/t’ai-shih (Mathews 6020.a 20)] grand master, imperial teacher; honorary

title of the first degree: qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v.

teng [Ch. deng/teng (Mathews, 6178 (p. 893))]; equal; Qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng šiu ¯un

bolbasu 6r; Naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r

1397
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

teng šiu ¯un [Ch. deng/teng “equal” (Mathews, 6178 (p. 893)); Ch. qiu/ch’iu “autumn”

(Mathews, 1227 (p. 176)); Ch. zhong/chung “middle” (Mathews, 1504 (p. 213))]; the middle

month of autumn, i.e., the autumnal equinox; Qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu

6r.

tengse- to examine, probe: Mahašuvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-

ud> terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse¯ü èi(ulqui-dur inu 38r.

uu [Ch. wu (Mathews 7197)]; the 5th Heavenly stem: uu güi yile 7v; uu güi edür 7v; šim

baras sara 7v; šim baras èa( 7v; šim luu sara 7v; šim luu èa( 7v; šim morin sara 7v; šim

morin èa( 7v; šim beèin sara 7v; šim beèin èa( 7v; šim noqai sara 7v; šim noqai èa( 7v; šim

qulu(an-a sara 7v; šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v; uu gii/jii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

üi [Ch. wei (Mathews 7056); Mong. tügšigèi]; dangerous; perilous; 8th of the twelve lords

of the day: Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui

35v; üi tü[g]šigèi edür 36v.

yuu sui [Ch. yu “rain”; Ch. shui “water”]; constant rain; the second of the twenty-four joints

and breaths, occurring about February 19 to March 4; when the day begins at 6:53 a.m. and

ends at 6:14 p.m. (see Mathews, 7662.16 (p. 1147) and Palmer, 66); ene on ¯uu [=yuu] sui 7r.

SANSKRIT

Abidarm-a [S. abhidharma; Tib. chos mngon]. name of the third section of the Buddhist

basic scriptures, constituting a systematization of the Buddhist scriptures; Mong. ayima( saba

(Lessing, 1159); degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal the tenets of the supreme Abhidharma (2v).

1398
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Abiji/Abaji [S. Abiji]; 20th nakshatra; 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u eèüs Abiji sara 14r;

Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 14r; Abiji na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün na(šidar bui 30v;

tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ur(ulu(èi Abaji buyu 33v; nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i

ü¯egülügèi Abiji buyu 34r; Mul Abiji qoyar-du ¯arli( nom medekü bolumui 37v; šim[n]us-un

ila(u(san dolo(an edür inu [. . . ] Saran odun Abaji qoyar 45r; Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad

Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v; mör (arqu edürün sayin

kemebesü [. . .]Abiji [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .]Abiji [. . .]

sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Abaji [. . .] sayin 55v; Abaji [. . .] edüd

šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r; [. . .] Abiji erlig-ün odun bui 60v; dörben ür-e tasura(san

odun kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar. Abaji Barani qoyar buyu 61r; Anurad Èistan Mul

Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun

dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r.

abišig [S. abhisheka; T. dbang, dbang bskur]; consecration, initiation, ordination; for these

rites, see RRS, 578-585; arbun tabun-a Èa(-un kürdün-ü abišig talbi(san sayin èa( bui 10r;

abišig ab- 11r, 13r, 21v, 28v, 43v, 46v, 56v, 56v; abašig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v;

abašig abqu edürün sayin 56v; abašig abqu sayin edür 56v; takil ba abišig talbibasu 28r; abišig

kiged qutu( oroši(ulqu üiles 38r.

adis [shortened from S. adhishthâna, see adistid] n. blessing, benediction, consecration; cf.

RRS, 265; dörben terigün odun-dur adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v.

1399
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

adistid [S. adhishthâna, Tib. byin gyis brlabs pa] n. blessing, benediction, consecration;

Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v; Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r.

Amindiu-a [S. Amitâbha; Mong. èa(laši ügei gereltü]; the fourth dhyâni-Buddha and the

ethereal form of Úâkyamuni (see Getty, 37-39); Mahašuvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar

naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r.

Anurad [S. anurâdhâ]; the 15th nakshatra; 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 34r, 34r, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v,

56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r; saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu- 18r, 19r; qorin dörben-e

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; Anurad na(šidar

29r; Anurad-du degedü šidi olqu boluyu 38r.

Ardar [S. Ârdrâ]; the fourth nakshatra: Ardar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 59r, 59v; Ardar na(šidar 26r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan

šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]Ardar [. . .]sayin 37v; Ardar-dür buyan

keš[i]g sayitur nemeyü 37v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui

[. . .] 'al odun Ardar qoyar 45r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür

bolumui [. . .] Usun odun Ardar qoyar 45r; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji

ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini

eden modun bui 61r; na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü anu

ene bolai Margašar Ardar qoyar Qonin edür uèarabasu ma(u 46v; èireg mordaqu edür

kemebesü [. . .] Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu [. .

.]Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v; öšiyerkü qara edür ginggang šingpüng güiküi edür ma(u. [. . .] Ardar

1400
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

[. . .] ma(u 53r; debel emüskü sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Ardar [. . .] ma(u 56r; Ardar Asli(

Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui. ¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v; naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü

Ardar Burnavasu qoyar 60v; Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin

obo(-tan buyu 61v.

The appearance of its nine stars is like a saw (26r); Usually given as one star, " Orionis, and

said to be “like a gem.” See Burgess and Rachmati.

arši [Tib. drang srong; Skt. rshi]; sage, hermit; (cf. Lessing, 1161); cf. also ODT, 65-66; arši

1v; arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge 20r; arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung-¯ii kemekü arši-

narun ügülegsen ma(u edür-<y>i ü¯ekü anu 47r.

Asli(/As’li( [S. Âúlesâ]; the 7th nakshatra: Asli( 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

15v, [16v], 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v; Asli( na(šidar 27r; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi

Asli( buyu 33v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul As’li( Širvan ede dolo(an

na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Asli( Šuša( Širvan Barani eden široi-yin èinar buyu 61r; èireg

mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Asli( [. . .] ma(u 48v; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani

ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin 56v; Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui.

¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v; dörben ür-e tasura(san odun kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar. Abaji

Barani qoyar buyu 61r; Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r.

asuri [S. asura; Tib. lha ma yin; Mong. tngri busu]; a class of demi-gods, enemies of the

gods in Hindu mythology (Lessing, 1161); titans; antigods (cf. also Waddell 1978: 81-82). 'al

odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar bui 22v.

1401
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Ašivani/Ašuvani [S. Aúvinî]; the 27th nakshatra: Ašivani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 52r, 59r, 59v; Ašivani sara Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un

kürdüèin-dür namurun dumdadu Ašivani sara 16r; Ašivani na(šidar/Ašuvani na(šidar 32r;

o(tar(ui-dur Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 16r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. [. . .] 'al odun Ašivani qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] 'al odun Ašivani qoyar 44v; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Usun odun Ašivani qoyar

45r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Altan odun

Ašivani qoyar 45r; Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad

Rivad'i Ašivani eden usun bui 61r; mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Ašivani sayin

48v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Ašivani sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun

kemebesü [. . .] Ašivani [. . .] odun sayin 51r; [. . .] Ašivani ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü

sayin 56r; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin

56v; Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i

il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui. [. . .] umara Udaribadaribad kiged Ašivani

qoyar 60v; Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r.

Badm-a dagini [S. padma “lotus”; S. dâkinî]; Padma dâkinî; one of the tabun dagini (five

dâkinî): Badm-a dagini 49v.

Ba’jar dagini [S. vajra “thunderbolt”; S. dâkinî]; Vajra dâkinî, one of the tabun dagini (five

dâkinî,): Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün 3r; Bajar dagini 49r.

1402
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

baling do(šin [Tib. gtor ma; Skt. bali]; a food offering to deities, usually made of dough

kneaded into various (often pyramidal) shapes (cf. Lessing, 80); cf. also RRS, 426-428; baling

do(šin güikü edürün belge 20v; baling do(šin 39v; baling do(šin qami(-a (sa(uqu) 40r, 41r.

bandi/band’i [S. vandya “one to be saluted”]; novice in Buddhist orders; disciple or

famulus of a lama (Lessing, 82): bandi/band’i 22v, 23v, 24r, 26r; ba(ura(san bandi 24v;

bandi bombo kümün 31r.

bandida [S. pandita]; savant: bandida Šingq-a sari 1v.

barama i¯a(ur-tan the caste of the wretched (31v); for various kinds of origins of people

see Sárközi BTD, 276, #3856.

Barani [S. Bharanî]; the 28th nakshatra: Barani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 45r, 45v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r,

61v; Barani na(šidar 32r.

biqar [S. vihara]; temple, monastery (cf. MMAD, 12, n. 22); biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai 26r.

bodgalis [S. pudgala; Tib. gang zag]; individual; person: ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud

tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san-i uqa(sad bodgalis-dur to(alaqui terigüten tu(urbil-dur kièiyeküi

busu bögetele 1v; (urban èa(-un uqa(-a edüi bodgalis-dur ina(uki terigüten šitün barildaqui

üiles keregtü 1v.

bodisüng [S. bodhisattva; Tib. byang chub sems dpa’]; a bodhisattva, saintly person

approaching perfect enlightenment and thus becoming a Buddha: burqan-u qubil(an

Manjušari bodisü[n]g inü 2r; Manjušari bodisü[n]g 2v; burqan bodisü[n]g-nar 1v.

1403
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Buda dagini [S. buddha “wisdom”; S. dâkinî]; one of the tabun dagini (five dâkinî): Buda

dagini 49v.

Burnavasu [S. Punarvasu]; one of the nakshatra: Burnavasu 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 26r, 33r. 33v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 53r, 55v, 55v,

56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v.

Burvabadaribad/Burvabadaripad [S. Pûrvâbhâdrapadâ]; one of the nakshatra:

Burvabadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 31r, 33v,

34r, 37v, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v, 51r, 55v, 56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; namurun terigün

Burvabadari-bad sara 15r; Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r.

Burvabalguni [S. Pûrvâphalgunî]; one of the nakshatra: Burvabalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 37r, 37r, 44v, 45v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 59r,

59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Bruvabalguni na(šidar 27v.

Burvasad [S. Pûrvâsâdhâ]; one of the nakshatra: Burvasad 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 34r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v,

52r, 53r, 55v, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Burvasad na(šidar 30r; Burvasad

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 13r.

Bus/Pus [S. Pusya]; one of the nakshatra: Bus 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 37v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r,

61r/Pus 53r; Bus na(šidar 2r, 2v, 19r, 26v; Bus sar-a 3r, 19r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. [. . .] Modun odun Pus qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Pus

1404
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui [. . .] Altan

odun Pus qoyar 45r; Kerteg Barani Šuša( Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an

na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Pus [. . .] sayin 48v; Pus

Suvadi Rivad’i Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v.

buyan [S. punya]; merit; virtue: buyan kešig ebdere- 21v, 34r; buyan keš[i]g neme- 37v,

37v, 56r; buyan kešig ba(ura- 41r; buyan kešig delgerekü 46v; buyan kešig bolqu 50r; buyan

kešig bari(san beri 54r; buyan üiledbesü 21v, 21v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r, 25v, 26r, 29v, 30v, 31r,

32r, 32r, 34r, 35r; buyan ¯oli( ögbesü 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r; buyan ¯oli( üiledbesü 31v;

buyan qurim üiledbesü 31v; buyan tegüsümüi 30v; nom buyan üiledkü-dü sayin 60v; buyan-tu

8r, 13r, 16r, 45r, 45r, 60v, 61v; sayin buyan-u qur-a 1v; buyan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü 23r.

Èista [S. Jyesthâ]; one of the nakshatra: Èista 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 53r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u terigün

Èista sar-a 12r; Èista na(šidar 29v; o(tar(ui-dur Èista na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r; tngri-yin

èi(ta(-a Èista buyu 34r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Èista [. . .] sayin 37v; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede

dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v Anurad Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden

altan bui 61r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu [. . .] Èista [. . .] sayin 48v; bièig

to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu. [. . .] Èista [. . .] sayin 56v; Bus

Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin 56v; Ardar Asli(

Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui. ¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v; dörben belbesün odun kemebesü

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Kerteg Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan kiged buyu 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden

dörben odun qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

The appearance of its three stars is like the antelope king (29v); ", F, J Scorpionis.

dagini [S. dâkinî; Tib. mkha’ ‘gro ma (skywalker)]; a class of female spirits, prominent in

Buddhist tantras (Lessing, 1167) there are five dâkinî: 1. Bajar dagini = Vajra (thunderbolt)

dâkinî; 2. Radn-a dagini = Ratna (jewel) dâkinî; 3. Badm-a dagini = Padma (lotus) dâkinî; 4.

Garm-a dagini = Karma (action) dâkinî; and 5. Buda dagini = Buddha (wisdom) dâkinî; cf.

Beyer, 45; ODT, 44, 53; Loewe and Blacker, eds., 1981, 23: Bajar dagini 49v; Radn-a dagini

49v; Badm-a dagini 49v; Garm-a dagini 49v; Buda dagini 49v; Bajar dagini-yin ündüsün 3r;

tabun dagini-yin mör (arqu edür-<y>i ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 49v.

dandris/dand’ris [S. tantra; Tib. rgyud; Mong. ündüsün]; tantra; see Lessing, 1191:

Manjušari-aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; burqan-u nomla(san

sudur dand’ris kiged ilang(uy-a Èa(-un kürdün 2r; Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris-dur

nomlar-un 2r; dand’ris-tur nomlar-un 37v.

diyan/dayan [S. dhyâna]; meditation, contemplation: diyan-u üile üiledbesü 31r; öber-ün

dayan-u küèün yeke bögesü ber em-e köbegün kiged. ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu

39r.

gabala [Tib. thod pa; Skt. kapâla]; skull cup; a ritual implement; a symbol/attribute; cf.

RRS, 152-153,435; ODT, 18; Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui 20r; gabala 47r.

galab [S. kalpa; Tib. skal pa]; eon, age; a mythological period of time in Buddhist

cosmology (Lessing, 346); 1 kalpa = 4,320,000 years; 72,000 kalpa = life of Brahma;1 kalpa

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= 1000 mahayugas;1 mahayuga = 4,320,00 years; each mahayuga has 4 smaller yugas in ratios

to each other of 4:3, 3:2 and 2:1; the last yuga, the kaliyuga, is 1/10 mahayuga = 432,000

years; this is a Babylonian number, the span of time given to the Babylonian kindom before

the flood in the histories of Berosos And Abydenus (Pingree, ISIS, 1963: 238); in the text the

four kalpa are given in terms of the Pythagorean four elements as opposed to the terms of the

horoscope, "formation, continuance, decline, and disintegration" which is more common; cf.

Dictionary of Buddhist Terms and Concepts, 211-214; (al-un galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui

33r; (al-un galab bol(a(èi Barani bui; usun-u galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; usun galab

bol(a(èi Jayitari bui; kiy-yin galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; key-yin galab bol(a(èi

Burnavasu buyu 33r.

galbaranjan modun [Tib. dpag bsam lhon tsing; Skt. kalp-druma, kalpa vrksha]; the wish-

granting tree, a mythological tree (Lessing, 1170); Modun odun kemebesü ¯ögelen galbaranjan

modun-u gara( büküi 23r.

gara( [S. graha “seizer”, Tib. za]; planet; planets; known as “seizer” in Indian astrology

because they lay hold of the fates of men with their supernatural influence (Burgess 1859:

275; see also Stone 1981: 94): gara( 54v; taban gara( 2r; ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi

gara( 2r; gara( ideši erikü edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v; qorin naiman na(šidar-

lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u 21r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un

sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v; Naran odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara( kememü 21v; Saran

odun kemebesü door-a luus-un qad-un gara( büküi 22r; 'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara(

büküi 22v; do(šin gara( 22v; tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( kememüi 22v;

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Usun odun kemebesü yaa(š-a-un qa(an-u gara( büküi 22v; Modun odun kemebesü ¯ögelen

galbaranjan modun-u gara( büküi 23r; Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara(

büküi 23v; Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( büküi 24r; gara( tegüs

inu sayin 24v; gara( ba yabuqui odun bügüde-yi ¯i(a¯u ögsügei 32v; isün gara( 32v; ni¯iged

gara( bui 33r; gara( odun-u sayin inu 38r; nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( 42v; odun gara(

ede bügüde-yin e¯in inu 55r; odun gara(-lu(-a tegüs<s>ügsen-e mörgümüi 32r; ni¯iged gara(-

lu(-a ni¯iged èa( bari(èi bui 33r; gara(-ud 45v; gara(-ud-iyar; gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui 38v; gara(-ud-un; gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin inu 39v;

gara(-ud-un èinu-a 39v; gara(-ud-un do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v; gara(-un qubil(an 39v;

do(šin gara(-un dotor-a oroši¯u 43r.

gargada [S. karkata]; crab: Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] ger 13r.

Garm-a dagini [S. karma “action”; S. dâkinî]; Karma dâkinî; one of the five dâkinî (49v).

gšan [S. kshana]; moment, small fraction of time = the time of an arrow shot by a

marksman to pierce a leaf: eng terigün gšan kiged nige da(un kemekü qoyar ¯üil buyu 5r; eng

terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi

buyu 5r; nigen gšan-aèa ekile¯ü edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u 5r.

Jagavar/JagŸarvadi [S. Cakravartin; Mong. kürdün ergülügèi qa(an]; The "Wheel

turning King" or ruler of the universe; cf. Lessing, 504; Waddell 1978: 389: köbegün

töröbesü JagŸarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saèa(uu boluyu 26v; tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali

bui 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a neretü qoyar

odun bui 32v.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Jagr-a sambur-a Cakrasambara; the "Binder of Energy Centers," a purely symbolic tantric

deity; cf. Lopez (Tibet), 41; Beyer (1973): 41-42; Jagr-a sambur-a 1v; Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin

yosu(ar 3r.

Jayitari/Èayitari/Jayitar [S. Citrâ]; one of the nakshatra: Jayitari 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 21r, 37v, 52r, 59r, 59v, 60v/Èayitari 19v; Èa(-un kürdün-

dür qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi ¯il-ün terigün bol(a¯u 3r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un

kürdüèin-dür qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 10r; Jayitari na(šidar 28r; o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r; usun galab bol(a(èi Jayitari bui 33r; miqaèi ¯a(an Jayitari buyu

34r; Ašivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar

key-yin èinar bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al

bui 61r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v; debel qubèasun

eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v; em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü

[. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 56r; Kerteg Margašar Èayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v;

Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

The appearance of its one star is like a sabre (28v); " Virginis (Spica). Svâtî, the following

nakshatra is said to mean “sword” Citrâ is said to mean “brilliant.”

jindamuni/èindamuni [S. cintâmani; Tib. yid bzhin nor bu]; the wishfulling jewel; (cf.

ODT, 19); when the older Uigur form is the source, then the Mongolian form is èindamuni;

when the source is via Tibetan, the Mongolian form is jindamuni; these alternative forms are

also found in the Mongolian translation of the Kâlacakra (KOT 144, 275): jindamuni 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r; ögede qandu(san jindamuni 44v; öl¯ei

1409
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; kelinèitü edürün belge inu

qara èindamuni bui 20r; doro(ši qandu(san jindamuni ene bui 45r; qara jindamuni

ene bui 45r; jindamuni metü 59v;dörben odun-u düri inu jindamuni metü bui 28v.

Kerteg [S. Krttikâ]; the Pleiades; one of the nakshatra: Kerteg 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 34r, 37r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 53r, 55v,

56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun eèüs Kerteg

sar-a 17r; Kerteg na(šidar 17r, 25r, 32v.

Mahašuvari Maheúvara; his consort is Mahâmâyâ; he is trampled by Trailokyavijaya; cf.

Bhattachartya, 1924: 121, 147; Clark, Two Lamaistic Pantheons, 5A17; Mahašuvari tngri

kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-ud> terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü qamu( amitan-u

nasun to(olan tengse¯ü èi(ulqui-dur inu 38r; Mahašuvari terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

èinggeldümüi 38v.

Manjušari Mañjuúri, the Bodhisattva who holds the Book of Wisdom and wields the

Sword of Knowledge, is the patron of mathematics or astrology; see Waddell 1978: 355-356;

Cornu 1997: 39. Manjušari 1v, 1v, 2v; degedü medekü-yin nigülesküi usun bari(èid-aèa

sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad degedü amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(èid blam-a

Manjušari-dur mörgümüi 1v; burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g inü 2r; Manjušari-yin

Kitad-un oron buyu 2r; Enedk[e]g-eèe orèi(ulu(san Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris 2r; odun-

lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür Manjušari bodisü[n]g törögsen bolai 2v.

maqabud [S. mahâ-bhûtâni; Tib. ‘byung ba]; element; there are two systems of elements

used in the text: 1. the four elements: široi (earth); kei (air); (al (fire) and usun (water);

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predominant in Indian astrology; and 2. the five elements: široi (earth); modun (wood); (al

(fire); usun (water) and altan/temür (iron) predominant in Chinese astrology: maqabud 59v;

temür maqabud 54r; modun maqabud 54r; usun maqabud 54r; qorin naiman na(šidar-yi tabun

maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r; dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral . . . ¯okiyasu(ai 45r; beri-

yin maqabud-un öngge-yin debel emüsteküi 52r.

Maqagala/Mahagala [S. Mahâkâla, "The Great Black One]; (cf. ODT, 38-67); Maqagala-

yin ba(uqu edürün belge inu tong(ori( bui 20r; Maqagala ba(uqu edür 46v; ede edüd

Mahagala kiged rduvrma duvngli kibesü sayin 47r.

Maq-a mayai Mahâmâya, "The Great Creative Illusion”; a fierce tantric deity. Cf. Lopez

(Tibet), 179; Beyer, 41-42; Maq-a mayai 1v.

Maq-a maya[y-yin] ündüsün The Mahâmâyatantra-nâma; cf. Newman, p. 402; burqan

bodisü[n]g-nar Èa(-un kürdün ba. Jagr-a sambur-a terigüten kiged Maq-a mayai Manjušari-

aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v.

Margišar [S. Mrgaúirâs]; one of the nakshatra: Margišar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v, 60v; Banjar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi

3r; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün terigün Margišar sar-a 18r; Margišar na(šidar;

o(tar(ui-tur Margišar na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 18r; Margišar na(šidar kemebesü a(ui yeke

na(šidar bui 25v; qan kümün-i ür-e-yi alda(ulu(èi Margišar buyu 33v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Margišar qoyar 45r;

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Margišar qoyar 45r; Ašivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden

modun bui 61r; Margašar Ardar qoyar qonin edür uèarabasu ma(u 46v; basa mör (arqu

edürün sayin kemebesü Margašar [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin

inu [. . .] Margašar [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Margišar [.

. .] sayin 51r; Margišar [. . .] beri ba(ul(aqu-du sayin 53r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü

[. . .] Margašar [. . .]sayin 55v; em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .]Margašar [. . .]

sayin 56r; bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu. [. . .]Margasar [.

. .]sayin 56v; Kerteg Margašar Èayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v; Margašar Asli(

Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r; Margašar-dur

amu(ulang nuta bolumui 37v.

matar [Skt. makara]; sea monster or crocodile (Lessing, 530); cf. also Hackin, 167; matar

dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni 39r.

Mig [S. Mâgha]; one of the nakshatra: Mig 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37r, 37r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 48v, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v,

61v; Mig na(šidar 27r; Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 2r, 8r; Mig sara ebesün-ü ündüsün

kökemüi 2r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u 2r, 3r; Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras

sar-a bol(a¯u 2v; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün eèüs Mig sara 8r; takir no(èi

kümün-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(èi Mig buyu 33v; èo(tu yeke ¯a(an Mig buyu 34r; Mi<n>g

Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvad’i eden (al bui 61r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Mul [S. Mûla]; one of the nakshatra: Mul 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 53r, 56r, 59r, 59v; Mul na(šidar kemebesü alban-u [=albin-u]

na(šidar bui 29v; ügegüü kümün-i bayan bol(a(èi Mul buyu 33v; yerü ür-e tasulu(èi Mul

buyu 34r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]

Mul [. . .] sayin 37v; [. . .] Mul [. . .] odun edür qutu( oroši(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad

buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v; Mul Abiji qoyar-du ¯arli( nom medekü bolumui 37v; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .] Usun odun Mul qoyar 45r;

šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür inu. Naran odun Mul qoyar 45r; Sadabis Udaribadaribad

Rivadi Burvasad Mul As’li( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Anurad

Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü

[. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu [. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin

48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Mul [. . .] odun sayin 51r; Burvabalguni

Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui. üiles bügüde-dü ma(u kememüi 60v; dörben tan odun

kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar. 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul

eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

na(šidar [S. nakshatra]; lunar mansion; there are twenty-eight; for a list of nakshatra

names in Mongolian, Tibetan and Sanskrit, see RRS, 671; for the Uygur stars of the

nakshatra, cf. Rachmati, 299-301; for correspondence of Hindu, Arab and Chinese systems,

cf. Burgess 1859: 344; for lists of stars in Hindu, Arab and Chinese asterisms, cf. Burgess

1859: 468; for nakshatra as months, cf. Burgess 1859: 174; for nakshatra star lore, cf.

Burgess 1859: 324-365; for the 28 asterisms in Tibet, cf. Cornu 1997: 131; na(šidar 56v; Bus

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

na(šidar 2v; na(šidar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v; edür-ün (ada(adu na(šidar 3v; mar(ada-

yin (ada(adu na(šidar 3v; odun na(šidar 4r, 37v, 42r, 46r; nidün-iyen odun na(šidar-i

nasuda šin¯ileküi kereg 4v; odun na(šidar uèirabasu 37v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu(

oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral

bolumui 45r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui 45r; odun

na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui 45r; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar

¯okiyasu(ai 45r; ede odun na(šidar tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯e 52r; öber öber nidün-iyer na(šidar

kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyalduquy-yi sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r; sar-a-yi ali na(šidar inu ekilekü

degürkü ba. bara(daqui medekü kereg 4v; isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür

kemekü na(šidar bui 25r; ra(šas-un sünesün na(šidar bui 25v; Margišar na(šidar kemebesü

a(ui yeke na(šidar bui 25v; tngri kümün èidköd (urba(ula èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar bui 26r;

biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(šidar 26r; Burnavasu na(šidar kemebesü uru(

tasura(san na(šidar kemeyü 26r; ¯i(ulèin kümün mör (arqu na(šidar bui 26v; Bus na(šidar

kemebesü tegüs öl¯eyitü na(šidar bui 26v; önüèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu

na(šidar bui 27r; (ürban qula(ayièi ¯öbleldüküi na(šidar bui 27r; Mig na(šidar kemebesü

süke-dür adali bui 27r; albin salm-a-bar küliküi na(šidar bui 27v; Burvabalguni na(šidar

kemebesü ra(èis-un qo(olai metü na(šidar 27v; ariyatan-u sünesün na(šidar kemeyü ula(an

¯ögebüri qaškiraqu kemeyü 27v; Udaribalguni na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün na(šidar

1414
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kemeyü 27v; qurim dotor-a kešig tasulqu na(šidar kemeyü 28r; Qasta na(šidar kemebesü

qurdun yabu(èi na(šidar kemeyü 28r; erlig-ün èinu-a güikü na(šidar kemeyü 28r; Savadai

na(šidar kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi na(šidar 28v; tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un

o(talda(san na(šidar kemeyü 28v; Šuša( na(šidar kemebesü (ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar

bui 29r; ada todqor èi(ul'qu-yin na(šidar kemeyü 29r; emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un dolo(an

na(šidar anu tegüsbe 29r; belbesün em-e kümün bükü (a¯ar bariqu na(šidar kemeyü 29v;

Èista na(šidar kemebesü šim[n]us-un na(šidar bui 29v; do(šid-un sedkil (angqui na(šidar

kemeyü 29v; Mul na(šidar kemebesü alban-u na(šidar bui 29v; quya( emüs'küi na(šidar

kemeyü 30r; Burvasad na(šidar kemebesü erketen-ü na(šidar bui 30r; tüšimed erdeni bolqu

na(šidar bui 30v; Abiji na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün na(šidar bui 30v; ükül-ün na(šidar

bui 30v; Širvan na(šidar kemebesü basar belèid-ün na(šidar bui 30v; emegen-ü sünesün

na(šidar 31v; Barani na(šidar kemebesü tul(-a-yin (urban köl metü bui 32r; umara ¯üg-ün

usun-u dolo(an na(šidar tegüsbe 32r; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede

dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul

Asali( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Kerteg Barani

Šuša(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v;

Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin

èinar bui 45v; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin

56v; öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui 60v; na(šidar-a na(šidar-a i¯a(ur obo(-iyar

il(abasu 61r; tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v; tegüni qošiyad

qošiyad qono(-un odun na(šidar-<y>i to(alaqu ügei 3v; aliba odun na(šidar-<y>i endegüre¯ü

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ese medebesü 4v; odun na(šidar-i ülü medekü bögesü tegüni medeküi ar(-a inu 4v; edür-ün

odu-yi medebesü na(šidar-<y>i tegüber medekü bolai 5r; na(šidar-<y>i e¯ilekü-yin ner-e ene

bui 59r; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu 60v; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i tabun

maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r; Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 2r, 8r; Udaribalguni na(šidar-iyar

ör geyimü 9r; Jayitari na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r; Šuša( na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r; Èista

na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r; Burvasad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 13r; Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör

geyimü 14r; Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r; Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü

16r; Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 17r; Margišar na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 18r; Bus na(šidar-

iyar ör geyimü 19r; Sümber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ekilen 32v; qorin

naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u uèaral-un sayin ma(u-i üjekü

kürdün ene bui 21r; na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v;

Bus na(šidar-tu törü¯ügüi 2r; Kerteg na(šidar-tur burqan takibasu 25r; Rôkini na(šidar-tur

šin-e debel abubasu 25r; Ardar na(šidar-tur burqan bütügebesü 26r; Asli( na(šidar-tur eliy-e

üldebesü 27r; Jayitari na(šidar-tur šim[n]us bütügebesü 28r; Anurad na(šidar-tur mör

(arbasu 29r; Udarisad na(šidar-tur burqan-i takibasu 30r; Tanista na(šidar-tur mör (arbasu

31r; Sadabis na(šidar-tur aliba ol¯a eribesü 31r; Burvabadaribad na(šidar-tur beri

ba(ul(abasu 31r; Udarbadaribad na(šidar-tur subur(-a bosqabasu 31v; Rivadai na(šidar-tur

ger baribasu 31v; Ašuvani na(šidar-tur šin-e debel ¯okiyabasu 32r; odun na(šidar-un kürdün

2r; odun ba na(šidar-un uèaral 2v; yerü Suša( sar-a terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-

un neres-iyer nereyidkü 3r; qorin naiman na(šidar-un yabudal 24v; doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u

dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r; na(šidar-un sayin 37v; gara(-ud kiged na(šidar-un

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sayin ma(u uèaral-yi eyin uqa(daqui 45v; na(šidarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r; beri-yi

ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui 52r; na(šidar-un ner-e 59r; na(šidar-un ner-e odun-

u to(-a bui düri ba maqabud ene bui 59v; Enedk[e]g-ün keleber. na(šidar-a sam-a yokibani

32r.

Nagajun-a/Nagajuna [S. Nâgârjuna; Tib. Klu sgrub; Mong. Luus bütügsen]; name of the

famous founder of the Mâdhyamika school of thinking (2nd cent. A. D.) which posed that

“things have no substance, no essence, no independent existence of any kind, but “exist” only

as aggregates of condition and relations (Lessing, 1177, 1189); Nagajun-a ba(ši terigüten

merged Èa(-un kürdün terigüten sudur-tur nomla¯uqui 3r; Nagajuna ba(ši nomlaba 4r;

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör(arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü

kürdün bui 49v; ¯arli( nom kiged Nagajuna terigüten degedü merged-ün ta(alal inu busu buyu

kemebesü. èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara mör tögerekü kiged ¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui 4r;

Nagajun-a-yin; arban qoyar šitün barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün-eèe Nagajun-a-

yin ¯okiya(san yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v; Nagajuna-yin ta(alal 3v.

Qasta [S. Hasta]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Qasta 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 46v, 53r, 59r, 59v; Qasta na(šidar kemebesü qurdun

yabu(èi na(šidar kemeyü 28r; ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un ¯erge-düroro(ulu(èi Qasta buyu 33v;

Vim-a neretü qatun Qasta buyu 34r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral

bolai. Naran odun Qasta qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu(

oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui. Naran odun Qasta qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. Široi odun Qasta qoyar 45r; Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar

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Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v; Mi<n>g

Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qasta<n> Jayitar[i] Suvadai eden (al bui 61r; mör (arqu

edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 48v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Qasta

[. . .] sayin 48v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 55v; em

neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 56r; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista

Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin 56v; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta

Abiji erlig-ün odun bui 60v; naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü [. . .] Qasta Jayitar qoyar [. . .]

60v; Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r.

qumq-a [S. kumbha]; vase, pitcher; vessel; (cf. ODT, p. 18); èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a

bui 20r.

rabnas [Tib. rab gnas; Skt. pratishthâ]; benediction, consecration of an image, temple, etc.;

(cf. Jäschke, 621; Lessing, 651); rabnas oroši(ul- 21v, 24r, 46v, 61v; rabnas keyiküi sayin

edür 37v.

Radn-a dagini [S. ratna “jewel”; S. dâkinî]; Ratna dâkinî; on of the the five dâkinî (tabun

dagini [49v]).

ra(šas/ra(šis/ra(èis [S. râksasa; Tib. srin po]; ogres; demons associated with the Yeaks,

a Dravidian people from the south of India. Cf. Hackin, pp. 214-215. Cf. also ODT, p. 14,

passim.; ra(šas-un sünesün na(šidar bui 25v; Burvabalguni na(šidar kemebesü ra(èis-un

qo(olai metü na(šidar 27v; tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un o(talda(san na(šidar 28v.

Raqula [S. Râhula]; Râhula is another term for Râhu, the moon's ascending node, a

mythological planet, the monster in the heavens, which by the ancient Hindus and others was

1418
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

believed to occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by attempting to devour them; for a

detailed description of attributes, etc., cf. ODT, 259-263; Waddell 1978: 377; Sümber a(ula-

yin orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u Mahašuvari terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

èinggeldümüi 38v.

rašiyan/rašiyal [S. rasâyana]; holy water; cf. RRS, 152; rašiyan edür-ün belge erdini bui

20r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v; qoyar usu uèarabasu

rašiyan uèaral 45v; rašiyan-u uèaral-iyar amin nasun delgereyü 45v.

riddi qubil(an [S. nirmâna rddhi; Tib. rdzu ‘phrul]; magical transformation; miracle,

magic, sorcery (Lessing, 1181; RRS, 626); yeke rid'i qubil(an ü¯egülügsen buyan-tu sara bolai

8r.

Rivadi/Rivad’i [S. Revatî]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Rivadi 9v, 10v, 12v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 59r, 59v/Rivad’i 8v, 11v, 21v; Rivad’i na(šidar 31v; nigen bitegüü

tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi Rivad'i buyu 33v; šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i](al-dur

tüimeriddügèi Rivadi buyu 33v; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Rivadi
ede sayin 37v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul As’li( Širvan ede dolo(an

na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v; Pus Suvadi Rivad’i Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu

kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani

eden usun bui 61r; em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Rivadi [. . .] sayin 56r; dörben

tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r; Margašar Asli( Jayitar

Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Rôkini/Rokini [S. Rohinî]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Rôkini 10v, 11v,

16v/Rôkini 8v, 9v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59r;

Rôkini na(šidar 25r; nigen üker-<y>i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Rôkini buyu 33v; bayan kümün-i

ügegürigülügèi Rôkini buyu 33v; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]

Rôkini [. . .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] sayin 37v; na(šidar-un sayin inu [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] odun edür

qutu( oroši(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Široi odun Rôkini

qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .] Altan odun

Rôkini qoyar 45r; Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar

široy-yin èinar bui 45v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü Rôkini [. . .] odun sayin 51r;

tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü Rôkini [. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün

sayin [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] sayin 55v; Rôkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis keš[i]g-ün odun bui

60v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden modun bui 61r; Rokini Udaribalguni

Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r Rôkini-tur busud-i

ilaqui 37v.

Sadabis [S. Úatabhisaj]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Sadabis 8v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Sadabis na(šidar 31r; qota

bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 37r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba

noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Sadabis sayin 37r; odun na(šidar

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .] 'al odun Sadabis qoyar 45r; Sadabis

Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui

45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden usun bui 61r; èireg

mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 48v; Rôkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis

keš[i]g-ün odun bui. ed mal ülü (ar(amui 60v; naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü [. . .] Sadabis
Burvabadaribad qoyar bui 61r; Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü

tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v.

sadhu good; perhaps this refers to Skt. sâhdu "good." If this is correct, then perhaps the

correct translation would be, "The [raja] said sâhdu 'good' [and asked] . . . ." (32v); (see G.

Kara, 1979: 199, where the term sâhdu is given in an astrological text in the Uigur form satu):

sadhu kemeged ¯arli( bolurun 32v.

sam-a [S. ?]; ?planet: na(šidar-a sam-a yokibani 32r.

Suvadi/Suvad’i [S. Svâti]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Suvadi 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 53r, 59r, 59v/Suvad’i 12v, 21r; Suvadi na(šidar

kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi na(šidar bui 28v; nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi

Suvadi buyu 33v; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Suvadi ma(u 37v;

šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür inu. [. . .] Široi odun Suvadi qoyar 45r; Ašivani

BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar

bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvad’i eden (al bui 61r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Suvadai [. . .] odun sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Suvadai

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

[. . .] sayin 55v; Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai Šuša( Anurad Udarisad Abaji Širvan Tanis

Ašivani ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r; em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [.

. .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 56r; bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu.

[. . .] Suvadai [. . .] sayin 56v; Pus Suvadi Rivad’i Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu

kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san

naiman na(šidar bui. [. . .] emüne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar 60v; Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan

Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v.

Sümber [S. Sumeru]; Mt. Sumeru; the mythological mountain in the center of the world

in Buddhist cosmology; Sümber a(ul-a 32v, 38v, 55r; Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi

odun 32v, 32v.

ša(šabad [S. çikshâ-pada]; rules of religious life, especially for monks; vow to keep these

rules (Lessing, 748); ša(šabad tegüldür (bolu¯u) 28r, 29r; toyin bolbasu ša(šabad-iyan

alda(ad 27r; ša(šabad-iyan ebdekü 29v; toyin bolbasu šagšabud-iyan yoso(ar sakiqu bolu(ad

56v.

šastir [S. çâstra]; treatise: šastir medegèid-e ma(u 30v; Kitad-un šastir-aèa uqa(daqui 2r;

Manjušari-aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; (aru(san šastir-tur

bertegèin köbegün üiles üiledkü bögesü 2r; Kitad to(alaqui šastir-tur 2r.

šidi/šid’i [S. siddhi; Mong. translated by various forms of bütü-]; magic, supernatural

power, certain mundane and supernatural gifts of which often eight are enumerated (Lessing,

698); cf. also RRS (652-653); Waddell (141); Poppe (1967: 84); the Mongolian translation

of the Kâlacakra, using the transcription system of Ayushi Gushi, gives šiddhi (KOT 127,

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

passim); the transcription in the manual follows the older Mongolian method derived from

Uygur (Poppe 1967: 30, passim); Anurad-du degedü šidi olqu boluyu 38r; qoyar široi

uèirabasu šid’i bütüküy-yin uèaral 45v; šidi bütüküy-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü 45v.

Širvan/Širvang/Širavan [S. Úravana]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Širvan 9v, 10v,

[11v], 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 45v, 48v, 55v, 56r/Širvang 8v, 12v,

21r, 44v, 59r, 59v/Širavan 56v; Širvan na(šidar kemebesü basar belèid-ün na(šidar bui 30v;

Burvabalguni Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui 60v; dörben belbesün odun kemebesü

Kerteg Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan kiged buyu 61r; Asli( Šuša( Širvan Barani eden široi-yin

èinar buyu 61r; Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-

tan buyu 61v.

Šuša(/Suša( [S. Viúâkhâ]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Šuša( 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 52r, 61r/Suša( 8v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-

un kürdün-dür qaburun eèüs Šuša( sara 11r; Suša( sar-a terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du

na(šidar-un neres-iyer nereyidkü 3v; o(tar(ui-dur Šuša( na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r; Šuša(

na(šidar kemebesü (ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar bui 29r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin

edür kemebesü [. . .] Šuša( ma(u 37v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal

uèiral bolai. [. . .] Usun odun Šuša( qoyar 44v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi

uèaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .] Saran odun Šuša( qoyar 45r; Kerteg Barani Šuša(Burvabadaribad

Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v; Asli( Šuša( Širvan Barani

eden široi-yin èinar buyu 61r; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Šuša( [. . .] sayin

55v; debel emüskü sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Šuša( [. . .] sayin 56r; bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba

1423
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu [. . .] Šuša( [. . .] sayin 56v; Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta

Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui sayin 56v; Šuša( Ašuvani Mig

Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; Kerteg Šuša( qoyar èing böged ¯ögelen obo(-tan buyu

61v.

Tanista/Tanis/Tanisa [S. Dhanisthâ]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Tanista 8v, 8v,

9v, 10v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 17v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 59r, 59v/Tanis 11v, 16v, 18v, 19v, 53r;

Tanista na(šidar 31r; kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi Tanis buyu 33v;

qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar

tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Tanista qoyar 45r; odun na(šidar

qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui. [. . .]Široi odun Tanista qoyar 45r;

Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui

45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden usun bui 61r; mör

(arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [.

. .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v; [. . .] Tanis [. . .] ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r; em

neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .]Tanista [. . .] sayin 56r; Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista

¯i(ulèin odun bui. ¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v; öber-ün odun kemebesü [. . .] Anurad Tanisa

qoyar [. . .] 60v; Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü

obo(-tan buyu 61v.

tarni [S. dhâranî]; magic spells mostly consisting of Sanskrit syllables or words and/or

unintelligible phonetic units used in ritual; charms, dharani, mantra: tarni uribasu 25v, 30r,

32r, 34v, 34v, 61r; ¯irüken tarni uribasu 25v; arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

1424
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tib [S. dvîpa]; continent: bey-e inu (urban tib-i degürümüi 55r.

Udaribadaribad/Udaribadaripad [S. Uttarabhâdrapadâ]; one of the twenty-eight

nakshatra: Udaribadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v,

52r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Udarbadaribad na(šidar 31v; èinu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi

Udaribadaribad buyu 33v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Udaribadaribad

[. . .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]Udaribadaribad [. . .]

sayin 37v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan ede dolo(an na(šidar

usun-u èinar bui 45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden

usun bui 61r; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar Luu edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v; mör

(arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; èireg mordaqu edür

kemebesü [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu

[. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .]

Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udaribadaripad [.

. .] sayin 55v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 55v; em

neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 56r; Burvabadaribad

Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-ün odun bui. ükügsed-ün nom-du [...] 60v; qorin naiman

na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui. umara Udaribadaribad

kiged Ašavani qoyar 60v; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun

èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r; Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r.

Udaribalguni/Udarabalguni [S. Uttaraphalgunî]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra:

Udaribalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v;

1425
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r; o(tar(ui-tur

Udaribalguni na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 9r; Udaribalguni na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün

na(šidar 27v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37r;

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udaribalguni [.

. .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin
37r; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]

Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37v; na(šidar-un sayin inu [. . .]Udaribalguni [. . .] odun edür qutu(

oroši(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v; odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. [. . .] Altan odun Burvabalguni Udaribalguni qoyar 44v;

Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin

èinar bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al bui 61r;

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar Noqai edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v; èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [.

. .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 48v; basa bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün

sayin anu. [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 56v; Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u

odun bui. dayisun-a ¯ol(obasu sayin 60v; dörben tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni

qoyar 61r; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun èingbatu obo(-

tan buyu 61r; Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v.

Udarisad/Udarasad [S. Uttarâsâdhâ]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Udarisad 8v, 9v,

10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Udarisad na(šidar 30r;

dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan

isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37r; süm-e keyid ba ger

1426
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37v; süm-e keyid ba nom burqan

šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37v; Rôkini Èista

Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v; Anurad

Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; Burvasad Udarisad qoyar Üker edür

uèirabasu ma(u 46v; mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v; èireg

mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun

kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad

[. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 55v; [. . .]

Udarisad [. . .] šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r; basa bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin

bolqu edürün sayin anu. [. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 56v; Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad

bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v; qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i

il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui. örön-e Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar

60v; Udarisad-dur köbegün aèinar olan bolumui 38r.

Uma the goddess Durga, the wife of Siva. Cf. Mostaert MMAD, 17, n. 39. Uma is given

in Clark, Two Lamaistic Pantheons, V. I and II, 5B 36, p. 177; cf. also ODT, 45. Jagarvar-un

qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun 32v.

vaèir [S. vajra; Tib. rdo-rje; Mong. dorji]; vajra, thunderbolt; a guru's weapon, symbolic of

the thunderbolt of Indra (Jupiter); (cf. Waddell 1978: 27; ODT, 23); naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu

edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r; qariqui edürün belge inu ¯arimdu( vaèir bui 20r; dörben odun-

u düri vaèir metü bui 31r; vaèir 38r ¯arimdu( vaèir 38r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Vima Vima is perhaps a truncated form of Vimala (MW, 979). In the manual there appears

to be two forms of Vima, one female, Queen Vima, daughter of heaven, known by the

nakshatra, Hasta, and another male, the supreme lord known as Celestial Vima (tngri-yin

Vim-a [39v]); the apparent Mongolian translation of Vima is found in an interrogative section

of the the Naran-u jirüken neretü sudur (Heart of the sun sutra; Skt. Sûryagarbhasûtra), a

source cited by the manual, in the form tngri-yin ökin (Kanjur, vol. 82, p. 532; see also

Bawden, "Astrologie und Divination bei den Mongolen," p. 327): bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a

neretü qatun buyu 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a

neretü qoyar odun bui 32v; Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v; Vim-a neretü qatun

Qasta buyu 34r; tngri-yin Vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü qoyar-

aèa törögsen köbegün inu (a¯arun e¯in qa(an kemegdeyü 39v.

ya(šas/yaa(š-a [Tib. gnod sbyin; Skt. yaksha; Mong. qoor öggügèi]; a class of demigods,

guardians of riches attendants of the god of wealth (Bisman-Kubera), sometimes described

as evil (Lessing, 1172); cf. also RRS, 663; Waddell 1978: 84; Cornu 1997: 252; ODT, 32;

Usun odun kemebesü yaa(š-a-un [=yaa(š-a-yin] qa(an-u gara( büküy-yin tula. usun èinar

bui 22v; ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v, 38v.

yokibani [S. ?]; ? bow for the completion of: na(šidar-a sam-a yokibani 32r.

TIBETAN

aa Tib. letter, a: arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg bui 20r; [Yang Gung-¯ii

kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u edür-<y>i ü¯ekü] belgeinu ula(an üsüg bui 47v.

blama [S. guru; Tib. bla ma]; lama; a teacher of the root tantra: blam-a Manjušari 1v.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

èoga [Tib. èo-ga]; the way or method of doing a thing, esp. used of magic performances

(Jäschke, 161); luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü 22r; ugiyaqui èoga üiledbesü 31r; èoga kibesü

32r; tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü 30v; èoga-yin üile 45v.

bombo [Tib. bon po]; bon priest, follower of the Bon religion: bombo 26r; bombo kümün

4v, 5r; band’i (ba) bombo 22v, 24v, 26r, 31r; tüliši ögbesü bombo-nardur ma(u 30v.

èoga [Tib. èo-ga]; the way or method of doing a thing, esp. used of magic performances

(Jäschke, 161); luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü 22r; ugiyaqui èoga üiledbesü 31r; èoga kibesü

32r; tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü 30v; èoga-yin üile 45v.

èuèa( [Tib. chu-tshags, 1. sieve; 2. watering pot (Jäschke, 158)]; star spirit, “geomantic

spirit,” (TEDP, 129-132): èuèa( kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49v.

gdanm-a [Tib. gtan "consort" + -m-a ?feminine ending]; consort; cf. Das, 521; arban qoyar

gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v.

ging 1. [Chinese geng]; the 7th Heavenly stem; [see under geng]; 2. Tib. ki (Jäschke, 3a):

ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v.

ginggang [Tib. king kang/kang dang king]; a terrifying deity, which is said to signify

Râhu/Râhula; (cf. Jäschke, 3b, 2b); cf. also Mostaert DO, 548; ODT, 147; ginggang güikü

edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v; ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg

bui 20v; ginggang kemebesü nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( kememüi qamu(-i ügeyiregülügèi

qara šimu kememü 42v; öšiyerkü qara edür ginggang šingpüng güiküi edür ma(u 53r.

g’zangdang [Tib. gza’ bdun]; planet: Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang ildanblan

kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab] 32r.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ildanbala [Tib. ldan ba la]; completion: Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala

kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab] 32r.

isgarma [Tib. skar ma] star: Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala

kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab] 32r.

jii/ji Tib. zi: šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v.

jva Tib. t’se: do(šin edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r.

kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab] [Tib. phyag btsol lab]; phyag btsol “to prostrate oneself,

bow down” + lab “to speak, tell”; the first grapheme is transcribed with the galig k, i.e., a bow

with straight pin; as the Manchu method of distinguishing k and g is used throughout the

remainder of the text, perhaps the otherwise superfluous galig k is used here to mark a

Tibetan aspirated labial plosive, p: Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala

kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab] 32r.

sa Tib. sa: (a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; qariqui edürün belge

inu qara sa üsüg bui 20r.

šingpüng/šingbüng [Tib. Zin p'ung]; a kind of genius loci (cf. Waddell 458); šingpüng

güikü edür 20v, 53v; qara šingpüng güiküi anu 42r; qara šingpüng-ün yabudal kemebesü 42r;

qara šingpüng-yin belge inu qara zi üsüg bui 42v.

UNCERTAIN TERMS

abalabasu/ab’labasu 1. if one hunts in a drive; 2. if one allures, seduces; 3. if one hurts

through magic incantations; abala- “to hunt in a drive” must be distinguished from abla- “to

1430
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

seduce”; “to hurt through magic”; the orthography gives only abalabasu; in some instances

context gives a hint to the translation, i.e., köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü ab’labasu 36r; okin

bo(talabasu (uyubasu ab’labasu 36v; okin bo(talabasu ab’labasu 37r; other occurrences are

less certain; the translation given is “if one hunts in a drive”, but perhaps the “if one hurts

through magic incantations” is correct: abalabasu 22v, 26v, 32r, 36v.

amatu sön-e ?milk at the mouth; perhaps tianru/t’ien-ju (Mathews 6362, 3144), a single star

(: Librae) at the mouth of gang/kang, the 2nd xiu (Ho 1966: 83): yeke amatu sön-e-dür morin

buu dobtul 33v; amatu sön-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r.

ba(atud the heroes: (a¯ar-un ba(atud 58v, 58v; (a¯ar-un ba(atud-un tere ¯üg èereg ba

negüüdel buu od 58v.

Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün ?the tantra of Vajradâkinî.

bati bata ?: bati bata güikü edürün belge 20v.

biqar qangin Mostaert notes that this is probably for biqar keyid; biqar > Skt. vihara

"temple, monastery," (MMAD, 12, n. 22), but perhaps the reference is to a monastery in

Qangin, Inner Mongolia, to a person, Biqar qa(an, or to the deified king Pe-har (Waddell

1978: 371); biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai 26r.

biyoo ?Ch. biao; perhaps this term is associated with the Chinese star term, Chü-men. The

term is given as bayuu; I transcribe b'yuu; for byuu, cf. Heissig, Die mongolischen

Handschriften--Reste aus Olon Süme Innere Mongolei (16.-17. Jhdt), p. 508; in the pentaglot

dictionary under the types of gods (Man. enduri i hacin) there is a Manchu deity, biyoo

1431
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(17457, p. 999); this is Chinese can gong (Mathews ts’an, “silkworm”, 6698, p. 983; kung

“palace, temple, dwelling,” 3705, p. 544), Mong. širkegün tngri: biyoo 58v.

boskil ?: boskil saèu¯u 24r.

èo( neretü ebesün ?cinder grass; èo( neretü ebesün èindaralamui 16r.

dayiwang tayiqu [Ch. daiwang; Ch. taihou (Mathews, 6020.a.10)]; mother and father of

the emperor; as one of the four demons of a bride, context suggests that this pair belong as one

star spirit (52r); compare the celestial emperor (tianwang) and the heavenly empress (tianhou

[Schlegel 1967: 100, 149, 164]): dayiwang tayiqu 53r; beri-yin dörben šilmus kemebesü

dayiwang dayiqu šitügen eke. lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai

52r.

degüreng sang ?full treasury: degüreng sang mör (arbasu sayin 49r.

edüged ?a variant form of edüge: edüged-ünedüged-ün nigen on (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür

bol(a¯u 6v.

ger-ün qo(osun ?the doppelgänger of a [heavenly] loci (48v). It is said that the empty

home is of such bad quality it is demonized. See Sárközi BTD, 2437, p. 187. Mostaert, citing

Jäschke, gives a Tibetan equivalent as k'ang-stong "an empty house, which is thought a fit

place for sorcery and necromancy” (MMAD, 36, n. 94; Jäschke, 38a). The reference must also

have an astrological meaning, which is more relevant. The term qo(osun refers to an occult

form or doppelgänger (Ch. kong/k’ung “empty” [cf. Ho 2003: 122]), and ger, a celestial house

as in the signs of the zodiac. See, for example, the phrase ordon inu qo(osun in the

Kâlacakra (KOT 77). Cf. also under qo(osun and qo(osun qumq-a.

1432
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

geresengeri ?bear; ?antelope: geresengeri 59r.

göq-a ?hook [transcription and translation uncertain]: jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-a-bar

tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v.

išiten ?prophets: išiten tübšidkü üiles (61r).

kešig erdeni qa(an the blessed jewel king. Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u

gara( büküi 23r.

lungru ?a kind of flower: lungru neretü èièig delgeremüi 13r.

modun èim[e]g beèin ?[=modun-u èim[e]g beèin]; the monkey, ornament of the trees

(14r).

no(èi ?cripple: takir no(èi kümün-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(èi Mig buyu 33v.

öèim ?perhaps öèim, deverbal noun from öèi-, “to pray, offer, testify,” and so “offertory”;

egüüden-dür ¯igerde morin öèim ula(an debeltü ba ula(an (ajar bui-¯-a 22v.

qangin ?a place name; Mostaert notes that biqar qangin is probably for biqar keyid; biqar

> Skt. vihara "temple, monastery," (MMAD, 12, n. 22); biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai 26r.

sam-a [S. ?]; ?planet: na(šidar-a sam-a yokibani 32r.

sön-e ?: amatu sön-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r; yeke amatu sön-e-dür morin buu dobtul

33v.

sun-a ?; [compare sön-e??]: yeke sun-a odun 59r.

süèing ?; a celestial palace: süèing kemekü edür mör (arbasu dumda 49v.

šabšu ?: šabšu kiged-ün ¯üg buu yabu 53r.

sarid [?=šarid] deledbesü, ? if one beats penitence, i.e., practices flagellation (28v).

1433
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

šibad ?birds; tentative rendering of sibad < siba[(u]d. Perhaps the term sibad refers to

"hermaphrodites." In Sárözi's BTD there is saba "hermaphrodite," 8774. That with a plural

d, and an i in the first syllable instead of the a in order to distinguish the word from saba

"container" gives this reading; šibad-un qurim kibesü 44r.

Šingq-a sari ?[personal name]; ?the lion throne; perhaps the famous Uygur translator of the

10th century, Sïngqu-a Säli Tutung (cf. Elverskog and Zieme); perhaps an epithet of Buddha,

bandida šigqua sari “the teacher on the lion throne”: tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida Šingq-a

sari ügüler-ün 1v.

širad ?yellow things; sarad [=širad]-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü 24v.

širid/širad ?relics; reliquary; the forms here are closer to šarid “penitence, abstinence” than

to šaril “holy relics”, but the context of the entries, i.e., the verbal forms to which they are

objects, as well as their association with the terms subur(an and qubil(an in adjoining

auspices, seems to indicate the latter meaning; see RRS, 165, 366; širad kibesü 23v; širid-ün

ger baribasu 26v.

šitügen-ü eke/šitügen eke mother of the sitügen (8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r, 52r, 53r); perhaps this refers to Târâ, who is described as “a mother . . . on

whom her devotees can rely for help” (Beyer 1973: 55); cf. also Waddell 1978: 434-437. The

term eke-yin šitügen is commonly found in the Kâlacakra and other sources (KOT 56).

takir no(èi kümün crippled person (33v).

tan honored ones, i.e., those of rank, to whom tan is used as an honorific pearll: dörben

tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r.

1434
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tngri-yin ayul heavenly danger (49r).

tngri-yin ordo the heavenly palace; perhaps this refers to the Central Celestial Palace, i.e.,

the North Pole (Schlegel 1967: 523-524; Staal 1984: 126): tngri-yin ordo-dur mör (arbasu

sayin 49r.

tngri-yin qo(olai the throat of heaven (49v).

tngri-yin qula(ai the heavenly thief (49r).

tngri-yin següder the shadow of heaven; perhaps this refers to the eclipse shadow (49v).

Ükügsed-ün nom ?the book of the dead (60v). The reference is likely to a funerary text.

See the term ükügsed, a plural form of ükügsen (that which has died), in the Altan Saba

(Golden vessel [Krueger 1965: 232, passim; Sárközi 1989: 320]).

üker-ün üsün the hair of the ox; a celestial palace; a star spirit; perhaps this refers to the

Chinese asterism niu, the ox, the constellation marking the winter solstice (Schlegel 1967:

492): üker-ün üsün mör (arbasu ma(u 49r.

Vima Vima is perhaps a truncated form of Vimala (MW, 979). In the manual there appears

to be two forms of Vima, one female, Queen Vima, daughter of heaven, known by the

nakshatra, Hasta, and another male, the supreme lord known as Celestial Vima (tngri-yin

Vim-a [39v]); the apparent Mongolian translation of Vima is found in an interrogative section

of the the Naran-u jirüken neretü sudur (Heart of the sun sutra; Skt. Sûryagarbhasûtra), a

source cited by the manual, in the form tngri-yin ökin (Kanjur, vol. 82, p. 532; see also

Bawden, "Astrologie und Divination bei den Mongolen," p. 327): bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a

neretü qatun buyu 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a

1435
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

neretü qoyar odun bui 32v; Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v; Vim-a neretü qatun

Qasta buyu 34r; tngri-yin Vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü qoyar-

aèa törögsen köbegün inu (a¯arun e¯in qa(an kemegdeyü 39v.

vimading ? a celestial palace and star spirit: vimading kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin

49v.

yeke sun-a odun ?: 59r.

yilig ?[Uy. yilig]; “hot, warm,” (see Clauson’s dictionary, p. 925); yilig 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v,

9v, 12v, 13v, 16v.

LAW/JURISPRUDENCE

¯ar(u lawsuit: ¯ar(u ¯a(aldubasu 42v; ¯ar(u qa(albasu 19r, 25v, 29v.

¯a(aldu- to litigate: ¯ar(u ¯a(aldubasu 42v.

qa(al- to investigate; decide; judge: ¯ar(u qa(albasu 19r, 25v, 29v.

yal-a punishment: qula(ai kibesü yal-a-dur oroqu 41r.

yal-a yangqa crime: yal-a yangqa qa(albasu 23r.

MILITARY

bata sabre: nigen odun-u düri inu bata metü bui 28v.

bayiri battlefield: bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu 22v.

èerig/èereg/èireg/èirig soldier; soldiers; army: èerig mordobasu 9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 29r;

èereg mordobasu 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 61v; èireg

1436
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

mordobasu 41r, 45r; èireg mordaqui 46r; èireg mordaqu edür 48v; èirig mordabasu 44r; èerig

buu morda 34v; aman-dur èirig buu morda 55r; èirig ayan mordabasu 42r; niru(un-tur èerig

ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v; èereg uduridbasu 23r, 24v; èirig uduridbasu 40r; èireg degerm-e

odbasu 31r; èireg ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu 32r; èirig degerm-e kiged do(šin üiles 40r; èereg

ba negüüdel buu od 58v; èirig-eèe busud-dur ma(u 48v; èereg-ün noyan 21v; dayisun-u èereg-

ün noyan 22r, 23v, 24r; dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan 21v, 24v; èereg-ün noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v;

èereg-ün noyan ükükü 40r; tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( 22v.

èerig-ün noyan [T. dmag-dpon]; the commander of the army; a Buddhist term, one of the

Seven Jewels (see RRS, 141); èereg-ün noyan 21v; dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan 22r, 23v, 24r;

dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan 21v, 24v; èereg-ün noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v; èereg-ün noyan ükükü

40r; tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( 22v.

dayisun [Tib. nad-dgra]; enemy: èisun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu 17r; dayisun darubasu

21v; dayisun daruqu üiles 31r; dayisun esergü ire- 22r, 24r, 24v; köbegün töröbesü dayisun

olan bolu(ad 28v; ese sana(san (ajar-aèa dayisun bolqu 42v; dayisun ¯ol(aqu 49v, 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v, 50v; dayisun uèaraqu 49v; dayisun bolqu 50v; nigen kümün ki¯a(ar dayisun daru(èi

odun 59r; dayisun-a ¯ol(a- 34v, 50v, 60v; èinadus-un dayisun-dur odbasu 22r; dayisun-dur

¯ol(o-/¯ol(a- 27r, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 34v, 49v, 50v; dayisun-i esergü ireküi-tür 21v, 23r, 23v;

dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 21v; dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r; dayisun-i daru- 22r, 22r, 23r,

23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25v, 29r, 45r, 46r; dayisun-i daruqu üiles 23v, 26r, 29r, 42v;

dayisun-i kesegeküi mandal egüdbesü 31v; dayisun-i qari(ulun èidamu 32v; dayisun-lu(-a

(adquldubasu 29v, 32r; dayisun-lu(-a buu (adquldu 34r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün

1437
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sayin 48v; dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; dayisun-u noyan 23r; dayisun-u

ner-e-yi bièibesü sayin 27r; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi ¯irubasu 27v, 32r; dayisun-u

qariyal qari(ulbasu 27v; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal abubasu 27v; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u]

ayul bolqu 46r; Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; dayisun-u qotan

bal(asun-i quriyaqui 61v.

dobtul- to gallop one’s horse; to charge: morin buu dobtul 33v, 34r; morin dobtulbasu 22v,

23v, 30v, 31v, 35r.

(adasun [Tib. mdung]; nail; lance; the term refers to a weapon, a ritual instrument, symbol

or attribute (cf. ODT, 15-16); and to stars; in ancient Greece Anaximenes draws a basic

distinction between the planets and the fixed stars; the stars are fastened “like nails” in the

“ice-like” vault of the sky (Burkert, 311); this concept is similarly held by the Mongols; thus,

the term does not merely refer to the north pole (altan (adasun), but to other stars as well; the

idea of the north pole as a nail is also widely held; the harmony of the spheres is a world

conception of three “domains” and seven or nine skies, one over the other, with corresponding

underworlds, and a “world pillar,” the axis mundi, running through the center of the whole

system, crowned by the “north Nail” or “world nail” (Polaris [De Santillana, 123]); doro(ši

qandu(san (adusun 20r, 39r; ögede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r, 39r; (adasun qari(ulbasu

23v; qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v; degedü Uma neretü (adasun 32v;

(adasun qadququi 38v.

(adquldu- to fight with another; to do battle; the initial consonant reflects Ordos

pronunciation, the common classical form being qadquldu (see Poppe, 1955: 134): dayisun-

1438
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

lu(-a buu (adquldu 34r; (adquldubasu 21v, 22r, 24v, 32r, 35r; dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu

29v, 32r; (adquldumui 43r, 43r; qubi sarayin šinein (urban tabun qorin-a (adquldumui 43r;

tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; tngri šilmus (adqulduqui edür

kemebesü 43r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür 48v.

ildün sword, sabre: qoyar odun-u düri inu ildün metü bui 28r.

kegeri standard: ula(an kegeri bari¯u 21v; qara kegeri bariju 22r; köke kegiri bari¯u 23v;

èa(an keg[e]ri bari¯u 23v; šara kegeri bari¯u 24v.

kesege- to subdue, e.g., an enemy; to chastise, discipline: dayisun-i kesegeküi mandal

egüdbesü 31v; busud-i kesegeküi 46r.

kiiri standard: qara kiiri bari¯u 23r; šara kiiri bari¯u 23r.

mese any edged weapon or tool; knife; dagger: mese keyibesü 16r; debel quya( mese qara-

nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r; ¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun-dur mese buu barii 33v; mese metü 59v; burqan-

u e¯in mese-dür üküyü 34v.

mordo-/morda- to mount one’s horse; to set off on a campaign: èerig mordobasu naran

ur(uqui èa(-tur morda 21v; èerig mordobasu edür düli morda 23r; èereg mordobasu erte

mana(ar morda 23v; èereg mordobasu söni düli-yin urida morda 24r; èerig buu morda 34v,

55r; èireg mordaqu edür 48v; èireg mordaqui 46r; èerig mordobasu 9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 23v, 24r,

24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29r, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 41r, 44r, 45r, 61v; bayiri-dur ken urida

mordobasu 22v; èirig ayan mordabasu 42r; èerig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v.

nomo(adqa- to pacify, subdue, e.g., an enemy; demons: dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r;

èidker-nu(ud-i nomo(odqabasu 23r; èidköd-yi nomo(odqabasu 34v, 35v; qarši-yi

1439
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

nomo(odqabasu 28r; erketen-i nomo(odqabasu 28r; engküri-yi nomo(odqabasu 25r; üküger-i

nomo(adqabasu 46v; ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r; nomo(odqaqui üile 31v.

noyan lord, prince, chief, commander: noyan kümün 5r; èereg-ün noyan 21v; èereg-ün

noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v; èireg-ün noyan-u gara( 22v; èereg-ün noyan ükükü 40r; (a¯ar

ködelbesü ulus-un noyan ükükü 27v; qan noyan bolqu 46v; noyan sa(uqu 47v; noyan iši

¯ol(abasu 37r; noyan isanglaqu 37r; Üker edür noyan ülü isanglaqu 57r; noyan isanglabasu

61r; doron-a ¯üg qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur ¯i(abasu 24v; dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan-u

ner-e 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e 23r; èireg mordobasu noyan-u bey-e

ba morin-dur ma(u 41r.

numu(n) bow: numu 50v; numun qata(uu küèütü bolumui 18r; naran Numun-u gertür

oro(san 18r.

orong(-a banner, flag, standard: yerti[n]èü-yi ebdegèi qara orong(-a bari¯u 39v; dolo(an

orong(-a-du tama(-a 33v, 34r.

quya( armor; cuirass: debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r; quya( emüs'küi

na(šidar 30r; tabun quya(-du kümün-iyer uduridbasu 23v.

suu ¯ali spirit protector; genius: su¯ali-yu(an taki¯u 21v; suu ¯ali-yu(an taki- 22r, 23v, 24r,

24v, 25v, 28v.

sumun arrow: tas ödütü sumun-dur isün ¯üil öngge-dü keb-üd-i uya¯u 32v; mergen kümün-

ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu 5r.

süke ax: Mig na(šidar kemebesü süke-dür adali bui.

tang(ari( oath: tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( kememüi 22v.

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SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tu( flag, standard, banner: tu(-un išin-du uya¯u 50v.

udurid- to lead, guide: uduridbasu 24r; ¯üg uduridbasu 23v; örön-e ¯üg uduridbasu

dayisun-i daruyu 22r; örön-e ¯üg èereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 23r; umara doron-a èereg

uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 24v; tabun quya(-du kümün-iyer uduridbasu 23v; èirig

uduridbasu 40r; Modun odun-iyar uduridu(ad 2r.

MUSIC

büriy-e trumpet: büriy-e tatabasu 34v.

èang cymbals: èang kengger'ge deledbesü 28v, 34v, 35r.

deled- to beat, e.g., the drums: èang kengger'ge deledbesü 28v, 34v, 35r.

kengger'ge/kenggerge drum: èang kengger'ge deledbesü 28v/èang kenggerge deledbesü

34v, 35r.

šidar [S. sitâr fr. Per.]; sitar; Indian lute; šidar tatabasu 28v.

tata- to play a musical instrument: šidar tatabasu 28v; büriy-e tatabasu 34v.

ANATOMY

ama(n) [Ch. kou/k’ou] mouth, opening, aperture; as with the term egüüde (Ch. men “gate”),

refers to a celestial opening through which spirits exert their influence; similarly personifies

a specific star or star group in a constellation as in the mouth of the black dog of heaven

(tngri-yin noqay-yin aman); also commonly found in divination diagrams: tngri-yin noqay-yin

aman-du buu ög 53r; er-e sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola 52v; aman inu doron-a emün-e 55r;

1441
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

aman inu emün-e örön-e 55r; aman inu örön-e umara 55r; aman inu doron-a umara 55r; aman-

a (a¯ar usun-i taki 55v; aman-dur ür-e ügei bolu(ad üge da(un bolqu 52v; aman-tur üge

da(un uèaram 52v; aman-dur èirig buu morda 55r 2. word, speech, news; aman aldabasu 34v;

kelen aman bolqu 50r, 50v; kelen aman-du oroqu 50r; yeke kümün-ü kele aman bolqu 57v;

ma(ui kelen aman bolqu 57v.

bey-e/biy-e body: üker-ün bey-e qala(un bol¯u ebesün èidtala idemüi 19r; biy-e ugiyabasu

21v, 22r, 23r; biy-e èinu öèüken 32v; bey-e ugiyabasu 26v, 41v; noyan-u bey-e ba morin-dur

ma(u 41r; bey-e inu ükükü 50r, 50r; bey-e inu (urban tib-i degürümüi 55r; biy-e bildar (oo-a

61r; qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32vr; ede sarada okin-u bey-e-dü ma(u 51r;

saki(ulsun biy-e-dür-iyen bišil(abasu 31r; erekey-yin èinegen bey-e-tei 39v; kümün-ü bey-e-

dü. noqai terigütü [. . .] 55r; bey-e-[y]i turši modun-iyar èime¯ü 30v.

borbin Achilles tendon: borbin-dur okin-da(an qarši 52v.

èiken ears: èiken-dür èiken terigün ülü tegüsüm 52v; èiken-dür èiken terigün ülü tegüsüm

52v.

èirai face: nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün 22r; köke èirai-du kümün 22r, 23v, 24v.

èisun blood: qong keriy-e ugiyaqui èisun oromui 9r; èisun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu 17r;

èisun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v.

dalu(n) scapula; shoulder-bone: dalun-dur maši sayin bolumui 52r.

enggelegür the breast: enggelegür sayin 52v.

eregün the jaw, chin: eregün-dür dumda sayin 52v.

erekei the thumb: erekey-yin èinegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin èinegen morin unu¯u 39v.

1442
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(ar hand: (ar ni(ur-iyan ugiya¯u 4v; (ar qo(osun 49v; (uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui

belge 20v; (uyirinèi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edür 43v; (ar metü 59v; tabun odun-u düri inu

(ar metü bui 28r; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; kam-dur uèira(san beri (ar-ta(an

odèo( bari(san bui 54r; sön-dür uèira(san beri (arta(an širbegel bari(san bui 54v; tegünü

(artur nigen širbegel bari(ul¯u 54v.

(ool ¯irüken aorta; the small objects placed inside a buddha image to enliven it: burqan

ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v.

gedesün stomach: terigün gedesün qoyar-tu beri ab 55v.

ge¯ige(n) nape of the neck: ge¯ige-dür meküs dumda 52v; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu ge¯igen-dür

tögenetü kümün qula(uyu 29v.

¯irüken heart: Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur 2v; ®irüken tarni uribasu 25v; burqan ong(od-

un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v; bayar qurim keyibesü ¯irüken metü amara( köbegün

ükükü 42r; ¯irüken-e mašida ¯ir(aqu 52v.

kebeli/kebili belly: kebeli inu emün-e amui 55r; kebeli inu örön-e 55r; kebeli inu umara

55v; kebeli inu doron-a 55r; kebili-dür köbegün olan 52v; kebili-tür adu(usun buu ab 55r.

kimusu(n) fingernails, toenails; claws; talons: kimusu(n) ta(aribasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v,

57v; kimusun x 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r; èinu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi (odun) 33r, 33v;

šiba(un ¯igürtü kimusutu 55r.

küisün navel: küisün-e ürgül¯ide ¯okistai ¯ir(aqu 52v.

kü¯ügün neck: ma(u kü¯ügün (arqu 56r; sara ba(-a bögesü buru(u to(ola. kü¯ügün-dür

dumda sayin 52v; sara yeke bögesü kü¯ügün-eèe¯öb to(ola 52v.

1443
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

manglai forehead: köke èirai-du kümün-i qara keb-iyer manglai uriya¯u 24v; yama(an-u

tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü 42v.

mengge birthmark, mole: ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v.

nidü(n) eyes: Bati bata güikü edürün belge inu ala( nidün bui 20v; nidün-dür nidün metü

qoyar sayiqan köbegün törömüi 52v; nidün-dü gem-dü kümün 4v; nidün-dür ür-e sadun

delgereged 52v; nidün-dür nidün metü qoyar sayiqan köbegün törömüi 52v; üsün kir(abasu

nidün-dür qarši 57v; tegüni medeküi-dür nidün-iyen odun na(šidar-i nasuda šin¯ileküi kereg

4v; belge inu nigen nidün-iyer ü¯ebesü 3v; öber öber nidün-iyer na(šidar kiged sar-a-lu(-a

tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r; balai kümün-i nidüt[e]i bol(a(èi Anurad buyu 33v;

(urban nidütü dörbel¯in 44r; (a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü

dörbel¯in bui 20v; isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür kemekü na(šidar bui 25r.

ni(uèa secret, a euphemism for the genitals, one of the parts of the body commonly named

in divination diagrams; ni(uèa-dur ür-e-ügei bolqu 52v.

ni(ur face: mo(ai öngge ni(ur 8v; nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad

buyu 34r; ni(ur ugiya(èi 52v; okin-i ni(ur umara ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53v; okin-i ni(ur

doron-a ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53v; okin-i ni(ur örön-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53r; okin-i ni(ur

emün-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53r; qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r;

(ar ni(ur-iyan ugiya¯u 4v; ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v; beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu

¯üg kemebesü 53v.

nilbusun tear: qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r.

1444
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

niru(u(n)/nira(un back, spine: ¯ir(u(an šin-e arban dörben qorin qoyar (uèin-a noqai

niru(u ma(u 49v; dörben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-[y]i qara 41r; niru(un 55r, 55r, 55r; èa(an

baras-un niru(un mör (arbasu sayin 49r; [n]iru(un inu umara 55r; gerün [n]iru(un metü 59v;

niru(un-dur 55r; köke luu-yin niru(un-tur mör (arbasu sayin 49r; niru(un-dur ür-e tasuraqu

52v; nira(un-dur ür-etasuram 52v; [n]iru(un-tur beri buu ab<a> 55r; niru(un-tur èerig ba

ayan aba mordabasu 55v; ken-dür uèira(san beri niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri bui

bügüdedü ma(u 54r.

oroi the crown of the head: luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r; oroi-ta(an Kitad

qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r.

qabar(-a ribs: Sümber a(ula-yi ¯öbšiyerküy-e ¯egün qabar(-a kebte¯ü bara(un qabar(-a-

bar ergimüi 55r; Sümber a(ula-yi ¯öbšiyerküy-e ¯egün qabar(-a kebte¯ü bara(un qabar(-a-bar

ergimüi 55r.

qabar nose; muzzle: noqai-yin qabar 49v; qabar-tur qar-a mör-dü bolunam 52v.

qo(olai throat: Burvabalguni na(šidar kemebesü ra(èis-un qo(olai metü na(šidar kemeyü

27v; naiman šin-e arban ¯ir(u(an qorin dörben tngri-yin qo(olai ma(u 49v; šimnus-un

qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui 27v; matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dür adali ma(u 39r;

qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u 52v.

qoši(u(n) snout: ¯ir(u(an odun düri inu qoši(u metü bui 27v; noqai qoši(un ma(u 49v;

(aqai qoši(utu 55r.

seger nape of the neck: èa(an seger<i>tü qara noqai 22r.

1445
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

segül tail: dörben odun-u düri inu segül metü bui 30r; ükül-ün segül tasulbasu 32r; ükül-ün

segül ülü tasuriyu 34r; ükül-ün segül ülü tasuraqu ma(u 41r; dörben eèüs sarayin segül-i qara

bui 41r; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; segül inu örön-e 55r; segül inu umar-a 55r; segül inu

doron-a 55r; segül inu emün-e 55r; segül-dür köbegün olan bolqu 52v; segül-tür okin olan

52v; segül-tür yasun buu (ar(-a 55r; em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u (to(ola) 52v; mo(ai

segültü 55r.

sorbi scar, cicatrice, mark (of a wound, smallpox, etc.): ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v.

soyo(-a tusk: bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a 60r.

tašiyan hip: tašiyan-dur ¯okis-tu bolqu 52v.

terigü(n) head; first: terigün 52v, 55v; qaburun terigün sara 2r, 2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r; qaburun

terigün Baras sara 2v, 3r; qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r; ¯un-u terigün sara 10r, 11r;

¯un-u terigün Èista sar-a 12r; namurun terigün sara 13r, 14r; namurun terigün burvabadaribad

sara 15r; ebülün terigün sara 16r, 17r; ebülün terigün Margišar sar-a 18r; ¯il-ün terigün 3r, 10r;

eng terigün gšan 5r, 5r; görögesün(-ü) terigün 26r, 59v; mo(ay-yin terigün 27r, 59v; ¯a(an-u

terigün 29v, 31r, 59v, 59v; morin terigün 32v; odun-u terigün 33r; odud-un terigün Kerteg bui

33r; ¯un-u terigün 41r; ebülün terigün 41r; qaburun terigün 41r; namurun terigün 41r; dörben

terigün sara 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r; èa(an baras-un terigün 49r; noqai terigün 49v; kürgegèi-yin

terigün 52v; qaburun (urban sarada<n> terigün inu 55r; ¯un-u (urban sarada<n> terigün inu

55r; namurun (urban sarada terigün inu 55r; ebülün (urban sarada terigün inu 55r; ima(an-u

terigün 59v; morin-u terigün 59v; dörben terigün odun 61v; ¯il ur(uqui-yin terigün-dür

šinelekü inu 3r; köke luu-yin terigün-dür mör (arbasu 49r; terigün-dür ger buu bari 55r;

1446
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dörben terigün sarayin terigün-i qara 41r; noqai terigütü 55r; görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü

üsün 30r.

tolo(ai head: qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai 59r; (aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dürü¯ü 23r; yama(an-

u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin] manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü 42v.

yasu(n) bone: qara yasutu meneki mör [(arbasu] ma(u 49r; yasutu meneki metü 59v;

yasutu menekey-yin kürmeli 60r; kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 23r, 24v, 25v, 27r, 30v, 35v;

ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür 27r; ükügsed-ün yasun (ar(abasu 28v; yasun (ar(abasu

30r, 31v, 40r, 41r, 42r, 43v, 44r, 47v; yasun buu (ar(-a ((ar(abasu) 33v, 34r, 43r, 55r;

kümün-ü yasun bulabasu 32r; kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi Tanis

buyu 33v; qa(uèin üküger-ün yasun ¯asabasu 36v; eèige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v;

kümün-ü yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r; yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu 55v; ükül-

ün yasun ü¯ekü üile bolqu 57r; mör ba yasun buu (ar(-a 58v.

ANIMALS

adu(usun/ada(usun/adusun n. [S. tîryak; Tib. byol-song]; animal, animals, livestock;

animals are one of the six forms of existence; see RRS, 126; ada(usun abubasu 21v; adusun

abubasu 22v; mal ada(usun abubasu 26v; ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v; ada(usun

sürüglebesü 21v; adu(usun s[ü]rüglebesü 32r; adu(usun sürüg sal(abasu 35v; adu(usun

sal(an sürüglebesü 36r; ada(usun/adu(usun ¯ibqarabasu 22r, 27r; ada(usun ba ed ¯ibqarabasu

23r; ed ada(usun/adu(usun ¯ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 29r; ada(usun ögbesü 23r,

26v; adu(usun ögbesü 30r; ed mal ada(usun ögbesü 24v; eremdeg-dür ada(usun ögbesü 31r;

1447
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ed adu(usun nemeyü 25v; mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v; mal adu(usun buu ög 26r; ed

adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v; adu(usun quriyabasu 26v; adu(usun ba okin ögbesü abubasu 29v;

(a¯ar ködelbesü adu(usun törögülten-dür ma(u 31r; mal adu(usun ögbesü 31v; kümün-e

adu(usun ögbesü 36v; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu 43r; adu(usun ögküi üiles

46r; adu(usun sür dalalbasu 46v; kebili-tür adu(usun buu ab 55r; ada(usun olqu 58r;

du(usun qudalduqui 61v; (a¯ar ködelbesü adu(usun-dur ma(u 31r; adu(usun-dur qoor

qorom¯i yeke boluyu 38r; ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; adu(usun-i šin-e

kebtešin-dür kebtegülbesü 36r; adu(usun-i sürüglebesü 37r; mal adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa(

mör (arbasu 24r; ada(usun-u sür dalalbasu 31r.

a¯ar(-a stallion; a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa

talbibasu 35r.

anggir a kind of yellow duck; anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r.

arisun skin: Mo(ai sara mön-ü tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nüken-dür orkimui 11r.

ariyatan carnivorous or wild animals; beasts of prey: ariyatan-u sünesün na(šidar 27v.

arsalan lion: arsalan quraèimui 14r; arsalan-u 59r; naran Arsalan-u gertür oro(san-u tula

yirtinèü-deki arsalan quraèimui 14r; arsalan-u ¯o(dor metü 59v.

baras [Per. pârs, fârs]; tiger; one of the twelve animals: baras 59v; Baras èa( 50r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v; Baras edür 2r, 2r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Baras sar-a 2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 8r, 8r; 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; bing baras sara 7v, 7v; uu baras sara 7v,

1448
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

7v; keng baras sara 7v, 7v; šim baras sara 7v, 7v; ja baras sara 7v, 7v; Baras jil 41r, 50v, 51r,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; baras ¯ul¯a(alamui 8r; baras mungqa( 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; šitügen-ü eke Baras (a¯ar-a 11r; èa(an baras 49r, 49r, 49r; èa(an baras

king šing 41r; baras metü kümün erebesü 27v; baras-un 59r, 59r.

bodong wild boar: bodong (aqai-yin soyo(-a 60r.

boro bo(šir(-a the sparrow: ¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi 8r.

bu(u stag: bu(u-yin 59r, 59r; bu(u-yin eber ur(umui 12r; bu(u-yin eber-ün a(ui odun

59r.

buq-a bull: a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; buq-a talbibasu 28r; a¯ar(-a buur-a

buq-a quèa talbibasu 35r; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü

50v.

buura bull camel: a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa

talbibasu 35r.

èarèa(-a locust; grasshopper: èarèa(-a qošiyalan dong(oddumui 14r.

èinu-a wolf; lubin; werewolf; for the pervasiveness of wolves as demons, see de Santillana,

278; erlig-ün èinu-a güikü na(šidar 28r; gara(-ud-un èinu-a 39v; èinu-a-yin kimusun-i

bul(ura(ulu(èi 33r, 33v.

1449
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

èögebüri/¯ögebüri jackal; refers to Sirius, Chinese tianlang/t’ien-lang; known in Chinese

lore as the governor of the Tibetan people; (Schlegel 1967: 430; Schafer 1977: 53): ula(an

¯ögebüri qaškiraqu 27v; qaškirqui èögebüri odun 59r; miqaèi èögebüri-yin odun 59r.

da(un 1. sound; call, i.e., of an animal; news; 2. unit of time = 1.6 seconds: eng terigün

gšan kiged nige da(un kemekü qoyar ¯üil buyu 5r; eng terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-

ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu. tegün-lu(-a [=tegün-lüge] nigen

da(un (arqui inu saèu(u-yin tula 5r; nigen da(un (arumui 5r; tegüber ¯iran da(un nigen

möèe 5r; meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r; üge da(un bolqu 50r, 52v; üge da(un

uèaram 52v.

degde- to fly up: salbarun ¯ul¯a(an degde¯ü nisümüi 12r šir(ol¯i terigüten amitan degde¯ü

o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r.

dong(od- to call, cry, sing, make sound, i.e., of animals: Luu sara mön-ü tula. belge inu

a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r; ¯a(ur-a kökeg[e] šiba(un dong(oddumui 11r;

èarèa(-a qošiyalan dong(oddumui 14r.

eber horn: bu(u-yin eber ur(umui 12r; orong(u-yin eber 60r; yama(an-u eber-dü dürü¯ü

21v; bu(u-yin eber-ün a(ui odun 59r.

egür birds nest: šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i] tüimeriddügèi odun 33r; šiba(un-u egüüri-yi

[=egür-i] (al-dur tüimeriddügèi 33v; qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 8r, 19r.

eliy-e One meaning for eliy-e is as a hawk-like bird, another is a kind of demon; in the pre-

classical language initial h- distinguished bird (heliy-e) from demon (Golden 2000: 198A6,

186C20, 200A25); Bawden, citing Kowaleski, describes the eliy-e as "an evil hostile spirit in

1450
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

the form of a bird, goblin, devil," Tib. 'gon po. Tib. 'gon po, he notes, is equivalent in the

pentaglot dictionary to Mo. kölèin, Manchu ekèin, "an ugly demon," cf. Hauer. "Eliy-e," is

given here he says, "as a terrifying demon . . . . mentioned as the agent of disease or death

without any indications that would serve to define its nature more exactly." However, the

pentaglot dictionary gives for eliy-e Tib. bya 'dre, which Jäschke translates as "a winged

diabolical creature, harpy." Cf. SE I, pp. 243-245; ¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] eliy-e šiba(un

qošiyalamui 9r; eliy-e da(a(san kümün 22v; eliy-e üldebesü 27r; öèügüked-ün eliy-e

darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v; eliy-e-yi darubasu 29r, 41r; öèügüked-ün eliy-e-[y]i darubasu

31v eliy-e darubasu 32r; abu(èi eliy-e odun 59r.

(al-tu qoroqai firefly: üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r.

(ala(un goose: anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r.

(aqai pig; one of the twelve animals: 'aqai sara 41r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v; 'aqai sara-dur (uèinügei 3v; ii (aqai sara 7v; ding

(aqai sara 7v; gi (aqai sara 7v; šin (aqai sara 7v; küi (aqai sara 7v; Töbed-dür 'aqai sar-a

17r; 'aqai èa( 50r, 53v, 53v, 54r; ii (aqai èa( 7v; ding (aqai èa( 7v; gii (aqai èa( 7v; šin

(aqai èa( 7v; küi (aqai èa( 7v; 'aqai (edür) 10r, 11r, 14r, 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35v, 42r,

42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; 'aqai ¯il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; (aqai ¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v, 54v; (aqai ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v,

54v; 'aqai (a¯ar-a 14r; (aqai bolqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v;

1451
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(aqai nasu to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui 17r; šira (aqai uu gii [. . .] qara bui 41r; (aqai qoši(utu 55r;

'aqai edür okin ülü ögkü. (aqai ülü alaqu miq-a ülü idekü 58r; (aqay-yin 59r; dayisun-u

noyan-u ner-e-yi ¯iru¯u (aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dürü¯ü 23r; bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a 60r.

gargada [Skt. karkata]; crab: Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] ger 13r.

geresengeri ?: geresengeri 59r.

görögesün ungulate; here specifically the antelope: görögesü terigün metü 59v; (urban

odun-u düri inü görögesün-ü terigün metü bui 26r; (urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan

metü bui 29v; (urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün metü bui 30r.

güièe-/güièi- to mature, e.g., of animals: morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün

güièimüi 12r; belge inu qonin èaddu(ad tar(u güièiyü 13r.

¯a(an elephant: tabun odun-u düri inu ¯a(an metü bui 30v; miqaèi ¯a(an odun 59r; miqaèi

¯a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v; miqaèi ¯a(an Jayitari buyu 34r; èo(tu yeke ¯a(an-dur tariyan

buu tari 33v; èo(tu yeke ¯a(an Mig buyu 34r; ¯a(an-u terigün metü 59v, 59v; ¯ir(u(an odun-

u düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui 29v; (urban odun[-u] düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui

31r.

¯egeren [Ch. huangyang]; antelope: ¯egeren taki qošiyalamui 18r.

¯i(asun fish: usun-u dotor-a ¯i(asun güimüi 8r; naran ®i(asun-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula

usun-dur qamu( ¯i(asun güimüi 9r; öèüken ¯i(asun qošiyalamui 11r; ¯i(asun (okilabasu 36r;

¯i(asun šigürdebesü 36v; usun-aèa ¯i(asun eribesü 47v; ®i(asun-u ger 9r.

¯igür wing: šiba(un ¯igürtü 55v.

¯irge- to chirp, of birds: ¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi 8r.

1452
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

¯o(dor mane, of a lion: arsalan-u ¯o(dor metü 59v.

¯ul¯a(ala- to whelp, bring forth young: Taulai sara mön-ü tula belge inu modun bügüde

¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad qošiyalamui 9r; Baras sara mön-ü tula belge inu

baras ¯ul¯a(alamui 8r; ¯a(ur-a kir(a(ul šiba(un ¯ul¯a(lamui 13r; 'aqai sar-a. mön-ü tula

belge inu (aqai nasu to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui 17r.

¯ul¯a(an fledgling; young of an animal: ¯a(ur-a salbarun ¯ul¯a(an degde¯ü nisümüi 12r;

Beèin sara mön-ü tula belge inu modun cim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan

te¯igemüi 14r.

¯üsü(n) the color of an animal, esp. of a horse; for the significance of the horse’s color in

ritual, cf. RRS, 546-552, 566-567; unuqu morin-u ¯üsü 52v; morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u

öngge ¯üsün güièimüi 12r.

kegü- to bark, of a dog; to caw, of a bird: noqai kegübesü 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v; keriy-e

ba ša(a¯a(ai: kegübesü 57r; keriy-e kegübesü 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r.

kegür¯igen-e pigeon; dove: takiy-a kegür¯igen-e šiba(un öndegelemüi 19r.

keriy-e crow: qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 8r; qong keriy-e ugiyaqui 9r; qong keriy-e

egür-iyen ¯asamui 19r; Keriy-e-yin ündüsün 56v; keriy-e kegübesü 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v,

57v, 58r; keriy-e ba ša(a¯a(ai: kegübesü 57r; keriy-e x 58r, 58r, 58r; qong keriy-e-ü [=yin]

soddu 60r.

kimusu(n) fingernails, toenails; claws; talons: kimusu(n) ta(aribasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v,

57v; kimusun x 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r; èinu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi (odun) 33r, 33v;

šiba(un ¯igürtü kimusutu 55r.

1453
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kir(a(ul pheasant: kir(a(ul šiba(un ¯ul¯a(lamui 13r.

kögemei croak, i.e., of a frog: meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r.

kökege cuckoo bird: kökeg[e] šiba(un dong(oddumui 11r; kökege<g> šiba(un emüneši

qarimui 14r.

kürmeli shell, i.e., of a turtle: yasutu menekei-yin kürmeli 60r.

lausan/luvasan [Ch. lozi/lo-tzu]; mule: lausan-u 59r; luvas[a]n-u 59r.

mal livestock: ed mal (ada(ši ögbesü 18r, 41v; ed mal ¯ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v,

26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v; ed mal ada(usun ögbesü 24v; mal

adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa( mör (arbasu 25r; mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v; mal adu(usun

buu ög 26r; mal ada(usun abubasu 26v; ed mal abubasu 27v, 31r; mal ögbesü 28r, 32r, 34v,

36r, 36v; mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu 29r; mal qudaldubasu 29v; ed mal abubasu 30r; temdegtü

mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu 31r; mal adu(usun ögbesü 31v; ed mal ögbesü 31v; mal šin-e

kebtešin-e kebtegülbesü 35v, 36v, 36v; mal sürüglebesü 37r; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši

(ar(abasu 43r; ed mal ögbesü abubasu 43v; qoriy-a baribasu mal inu qoroqu 48r; ed mal olqu

50r; mal ¯ibqaqu 50v; ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v; ede degedü beri bui ür-e mal delgerekü sayin

52r; ed mal qorom¯i bolqu 56r; ed mal ülü (ar(amui 60v; mal-i öber-e sal(abasu 36v.

matar [Skt. makara]; sea monster or crocodile (Lessing, 530); cf. also Hackin, 167; matar

dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni 39r.

menekei/meneki/menekii 1. frog; 2. yasutu menekei – turtle menekii metü qara kümün 5r;

qara yasutu meneki mör [(arbasu] ma(u 49r; yasutu meneki metü 59v; yirtinèü-dür meneki-

yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r; yasutu menekey-yin kürmeli 60r.

1454
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

modun èim[e]g beèin ?the tree ornament monkey: modun èim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü

èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan te¯igemüi 14r.

mo(ai snake; one of the twelve animals: Mo(ai sara 11r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban

tabun ügey-yin tula arban dörben inu arban tabun bolumui 3v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; šin mo(ai

sara 7v; küi mo(ai sara 7v; ii mo(ai sara 7v; ding mo(ai sara 7v; Töbed-dür Mo(ai sar-a 11r;

Mo(ai èa( 42r, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v; gi mo(ai èa( 7v; šin mo(ai èa( 7v; küi mo(ai èa( 7v;

ii mo(ai èa( 7v; ding mo(ai èa(; Mo(ai (a¯ar-a 10r; Mo(ai edür 8r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v,

56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; Mo(ai ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; mo(ai ¯ilten 53r, 54v; mo(ai ¯iltü 53v,

54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; mo(ai ner-e öngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v; mo(ai öngge ni(ur 8v; Mo(ai sara mön-ü tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nüken-dür orkimui

11r; ¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu mo(ay-yin terigün metü bui 27r; qara mo(ai šim küi 41r;

kümün-ü bey-e-dü. noqai terigütü. (aqai qoši(utu. šiba(un ¯igürtü kimusutu. mo(ai segültü

qar-a öngge-dü Sümber a(ula-yi ¯öbšiyerküy-e ¯egün qabar(-a kebte¯ü bara(un qabar(-a-bar

ergimüi 55r; mo(ay-yin 59r, 59r, 59r, 59r; mo(ay-yin terigün metü 59v.

mori(n) horse; one of the twelve animals:

Morin sara 2v, 3v, 12r, 12r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Morin ¯il 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

1455
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

55v, 58v; morin ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; morin ¯ilten 54v; Mori(n)

edür 10r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r,

50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v; Morin èa( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 53v; èa(an mori una(san 4v; ¯igerde morin

22v; ¯egerde qal¯an morin una(san 4v; ¯igerde morin unu¯u 21v; qong(or morin unu- 4v, 24v,

24v; köke boro mori unu(san 5r; köke morin una¯u 23v; qara morin unu- 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v;

köl morin unu¯u 23r; king morin sara 7v; šim morin sara 7v; ¯a morin sara 7v; bing morin sara

7v; uu morin sara 7v; king morin èa( 7v; šim morin èa( 7v; ¯a morin èa( 7v; bing morin èa(

7v; uu morin èa( 7v; morin ¯ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v;

morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün güièimüi 12r; morin (a¯ar 12r; morin qudaldubasu

25r, 31r, 31r, 31v; ¯a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r; qong(or qal¯an morin qudaldubasu 25r;

morin sur(abasu 21v, 28r, 31v, 34v; ¯a(al morin sur(abasu 29r; morin dobtulbasu 22v, 23v,

30v, 31v, 35r; morin buu dobtul 33v, 34r; morin šin¯ilebesü 27v; morin ögbesü 31v; dörben

odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v; (urban odun[-u] düri inu morin terigün metü bui

32r; morin (inu) üküyü 34r, 35r; erekei-yin èinegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin èinegen morin

unu¯u 39v; morin metü 59v; morin-dur ma(u 41r; morin-u 59r, 59r; unuqu morin-u ¯üsü 52v;

morin-u terigün metü 59v; keger-e moritu kümün-dür ¯ol(oqu 4v.

nis- to fly: ¯a(ur-a salbarun ¯ul¯a(an degde¯ü nisümüi 12r.

noqai dog: Noqai ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; noqai

¯iltü 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r; noqai ¯ilten 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v; Noqai sara 2v, 3v, 16r, 16r, 40r,

1456
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; ¯a noqai sara

7v; bing noqai sara 7v; uu noqai sara 7v; king noqai sara 7v; šim noqai sara 7v; Noqai edür

8r, 9r, 10r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 46v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; Noqai

èa( 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 54r; ¯a noqai èa( 7v; bing noqai èa( 7v; uu

noqai èa( 7v; king noqai èa( 7v; šim noqai èa( 7v; èa(an noqai kötelügsen 4v; noqai abqui

8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; noqai (a¯ar-a 13r; noqai quraèi¯u

[=qurièa¯u] qošiyalamui 16r; tngri-yin noqai 32v, 52r; tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge

doro(ši qandu(san qara sara bui 20v; odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in inu tngri-yin qara noqai

ba(umu 55r; (a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in bui 20v;

(a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r; èa(an segeretü qara noqai 22r; ala( noqai 24v; noqai

te¯iyebesü 44r; noqai kegübesü 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v; noqai x 58r, 58r; [n]oqai x 58r; noqai

qoši(un 49v; noqai terigün 49v; noqai terigütü 55r; noqai niru(u 49v; noqai ülü te¯igekü ülü

alaqu ülü ¯anèiqu. ülü abqu 58r; aliba sarayin noqai-dur ebedèin emleküy-[yi] èigerlegülün

nomla¯uqui 56v; noqai-yin qabar 49v; tngri-yin noqai-yin kürdün 52v; tngri-yin noqai-yin

aman 53r; tngri-yin noqai-yin yabudal yeke kereg-dü bui 55v.

orong(u a kind of antelope with long flat horns: orong(u-yin eber 60r.

ödü feather: tas ödütü sumun 32v.

ögekün fat, lard: buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü 50v.

1457
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

öndegele- to lay eggs: salbar šiba(un öndegelemüi 18r; takiy-a kegür¯igen-e šiba(un

öndegelemüi 19r.

örgesün quill: so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün 60r.

ötege bear: ötege 59r; šara ötege-yin 59r.

qabar nose; muzzle: noqai-yin qabar 49v; qabar-tur qar-a mör-dü bolunam 52v.

qa(dala- to become covered with salt: usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u qa(dalamui 17r.

qara mo(ai black snake (41r).

qara qarèa(ai black hawk: (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai 39v.

qarèa(ai hawk: qarèa(ai šiba(un taulai bari¯u tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; (a¯ar-un qara

qarèa(ai 39v.

qayinu( A cross breed between yaks and cattle; qayinu( qudaldubasu 32r; qayinu(-dur

unu¯u 24r.

qong keriy-e raven: qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 8r, 19r; qong keriy-e ugiyaqui èisun

oromui 9r; qong keriy-e-ü [=yin] soddu 60r.

qoni(n) sheep: qoni(n) 59r; qonin ada(ula(san 4v; šin qonin sara 7v; küi qonin sara 7v;

ii qonin sara 7v; ding qonin sara 7v; gii qonin sara 7v; šin qonin èa( 7v; küi qonin èa( 7v; ii

qonin èa( 7v; ding qonin èa( 7v; gi qonin èa( 7v; qonin kürteküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; Qonin èa( 10r, 50r, 51r; Qoni(n) (edür) 10r, 11r, 11r, 14r, 16r, 18r,

18r, 19r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v,

50r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; Qonin sara 13r, 13r, 40r,

1458
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; qonin

èaddu(ad tar(u güièi¯u 13r; qonin (a¯ar-a 15r; Qonin ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; qoni(n) ¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v;

qonin abasu 27r; qoni yama(-a sürüglebesü 31v; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui

33r; nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Asli( buyu 33v; èa(an qonin šigüsü-ber takibaèu ülü

oyišiyamu keme¯üküi 60v; nara Qonin-u gertür oro(san 10r.

qoroqai insect: üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r.

qoršiyala- to mate: ularu šiba(un qoršiyalamui 15r.

qoši(u(n) snout: ¯ir(u(an odun düri inu qoši(u metü bui 27v; noqai qoši(un ma(u 49v;

(aqai qoši(utu 55r.

qošiyala- to pair, mate: modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad

qošiyalamui 9r; eliy-e šiba(un qošiyalamui 9r; öèüken ¯i(asun qošiyalamui 11r; noqai

quraèi¯u [=qurièa¯u] qošiyalamui 16r; ¯egeren taki qošiyalamui 18r; èarèa(-a qošiyalan

dong(oddumui 14r.

quèa ram: a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa talbibasu 35r.

qulan onager; wild ass: morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün güièimüi 12r; qulan

una(an-iyan telèiyemüi 14r.

qulu(an-a mouse: Qulu(an-a sara 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v; bing

qulu(an-a sara 7v; uu qulu(an-a sara 7v; king qulu(an-a sara 7v; šim qulu(an-a sara 7v; ¯a

qulu(an-a sara 7v; Töbedün-dür Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r; Qulu(an-a ¯il 41r, 46r, 51r, 52v, 52v,

1459
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 58v/Qulu(ana ¯il 55v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu

Qulu(an-a ¯il-dür qaburun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; qulu(an-a ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v,

54v, 54v; qulu(an-a ¯ilten 54r, 54v; Qulu(an-a èa( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v;

Qulu(an-a èa(-un uridu dörben möèe mön edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; bing qulu(an-a èa(

7v; uu qulu(an-a èa( 7v; king qulu(an-a èa( 7v; šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v; ¯a qulu(an-a èa( 7v;

Qulu(an-a (edür) 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 13r, 16r, 18r, 34r, 42r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v,

50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v;

Qulu(an-a (a¯ar-a 17r; qulu(an-a töröküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v;

Qulu(an-a sara mön-ü tula belge inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-eèe ülü (arumui 18r; qoyar

odun-u düri inu qulu(an-a metü bui 27v; (a¯ar ködelbesü nara sara ükübesü ma(ad qula(an-a

ma(u bui 32r; nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi Abiji buyu 34r; šin-e debel

[. . .] emüsbesü qulu(an-a qa¯ayu 34r; dolo(an-a qulu(an-a qa¯[a]qu 56r; qulu(an-a qa¯abasu

57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r; qulu(an-a debil x 58r; Qulu(an-a-aèa terigülen ali ¯il bögesü

qoyitu qoyar ¯il qaburun ekin bolumui 7r.

qura(ala- to lamb: qonin èa(-iyar qura(alamui 10r.

qurièa/quraèi/quraèa- to love passionately; to rut (of animals): noqai quraèi¯u

[=qurièa¯u] 16r; arsalan quraèimui 14r; takiy-a qorièaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v; üker qurièaqui sar-a 11r; qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r.

1460
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

salbar a bird of prey, falcon: ¯a(ur-a salbar šiba(un öndegelemüi 18r; ¯a(ur-a salbarun

¯ul¯a(an degde¯ü nisümüi 12r.

seger nape of the neck: èa(an seger<i>tü qara noqai 22r.

segül tail: dörben odun-u düri inu segül metü bui 30r; ükül-ün segül tasulbasu 32r; ükül-ün

segül ülü tasuriyu 34r; ükül-ün segül ülü tasuraqu ma(u 41r; dörben eèüs sarayin segül-i qara

bui 41r; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; segül inu örön-e 55r; segül inu umar-a 55r; segül inu

doron-a 55r; segül inu emün-e 55r; segül-dür köbegün olan bolqu 52v; segül-tür okin olan

52v; segül-tür yasun buu (ar(-a 55r; em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u (to(ola) 52v; mo(ai

segültü 55r.

soddu quill feather: qong keriy-e-ü [=yin] soddu 60r.

so( ¯ariyan porcupine: so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün 60r.

soyo(-a tusk: bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a 60r.

sürüg herd: adu(usun sürüg sal(abasu 35v.

ša¯a(ai/ša(a¯a(ai magpie: ula(an ša¯a(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r; ula(an ša¯a(ai kemekü ma(u edür 48r; ula(an ša¯a(ai mör (arbasu ma(u 49r; keriy-e

ba ša(a¯a(ai: kegübesü sayin bui 57r.

šara ötege yellow bear (59r).

šara šiba(un yellow bird (59r).

šiba(ud [pl. of šiba(un]; birds: ¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] qamu( šiba(ud iremüi 10r.

šiba(un bird: ¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] eliy-e šiba(un qošiyalamui 9r; ¯a(ur-a kökeg[e] šiba(un

dong(oddumui 11r; ¯a(ur-a kökege<g> šiba(un emüneši qarimui 14r; ¯a(ur-a kir(a(ul

1461
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

šiba(un ¯ul¯a(lamui 13r; ¯a(ura ularu šiba(un qoršiyalamui 15r; qarèa(ai šiba(un taulai

bari¯u tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; ¯a(ur-a usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u qa(dalamui 17r; ¯a(ur-a

salbar šiba(un öndegelemüi 18r; takiy-a kegür¯igen-e šiba(un öndegelemüi 19r; qamu(

šiba(un tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui 15r; šiba(un ¯igürtü kimusutu 55r; šiba(un metü 59v;

šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i]tüimeriddügèi odun ali bui 33r; šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i]

(al-dur tüimeriddügèi Rivadi buyu 33v; šara šiba(un-u 59r.

šir(ol¯i ants: šir(ol¯i terigüten amitan degde¯ü o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r.

taki wild horse: ¯egeren taki qošiyalamui 18r.

takiy-a cock; chicken: Takiy-a sara 3v, 15r, 15r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Takiy-a ¯il 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; takiy-a ¯ilten 24r,

54v; küi takiy-a sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a sara 7v; gi takiy-asara 7v; šin takiy-a

sara 7v; küi takiy-a èa( 7v; ii takiy-a èa( 7v; ding takiy-a èa( 7v; gi takiy-a èa( 7v; šin takiy-

a èa( 7v; takiy-a (a¯ar 8r; takiy-a qurièaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v;

Takiy-a edür 9r, 9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 56r, 56r, 58r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; takiy-a kegür¯igen-e šiba(un öndegelemüi 19r; Takiy-a èa( 42r,

50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v; takiy-a ülü alaqu 58r; Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma( 60r.

tarba(-a marmot: tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-eèe ülü (arumui 18r.

tar(ul- to fatten up: morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u 12r.

1462
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tas vulture: tas ödütü sumun 32v.

taulai rabbit; hare: taulai 53v; Taulai sara 9r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügey-yin tula-da

qorin isün bitegüü bolumui 3r; ding taulai sara 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; šin taulai sara 7v; küi

taulai sara 7v; ii taulai sara 7v; Töbed-dür Taulai sara 9r; Taulai ¯il 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; taulai

¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v; taulai ¯iltü 53r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; Taulai Takiy-a ¯il-e ¯un-u

dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r; Taulai èa( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r; ding

taulai èa( 7v; gi taulai èa( 7v; šin taulai èa( 7v; küi taulai èa( 7v; ii taulai èa( 7v; ¯un-u

(urban sar-a Taulai Luu Noqai èa( qara 42r; Taulai edür 10r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Taulai edür tngri-yin (al 9r; Taulai edür Modun odun uèirabasu ed

a(urasun nemekü sayin 46v; taulai üiledküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v;

modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad qošiyalamui 9r; qarèa(ai

šiba(un taulai bari¯u 15r; Taulai (a¯ar-a šitügen-ü eke Taulai (a¯ar-a 16r; Taulai-dur (okimui

12r.

telèiye- to struggle to get up (of young animals): qulan una(an-iyan telèiyemüi 14r.

tiler scorpion, as in Scorpio; the more common form is kilinèetü "scorpion;" tiler is given

in Lessing as tiler jögei "horsefly, gadfly" (Lessing, p. 809); the term also refers to the hornet;

1463
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

for the term in Uygur, see Clauson 1972: 501: naran Tiler-ün gertür oro(sun-u tula. yirtinèü-

deki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r.

to(os [Pers. tâus]; peacock: to(os-un 59r, 59r.

ularu snowcock, heath cock; black grouse (Meserve 2005: 75-83): ularu šiba(un

qoršiyalamui 15r.

una(an foal: una(an sur(abasu 23r, 32r; (a¯ar-dur serigün següder una(ad qulan una(an-

iyan telèiyemüi 14r.

üker ox; one of the twelve animals: Üker sara 19r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui

bögetel-e Üker sara-dur arban tabunügei 3v; ding üker sara 7v; gi üker sara 7v; šin üker sara

7v; küi üker sara 7v; ii üker sara 7v; Töbedün-dür Üker sar-a 19r; Üker èa( 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; ding üker èa( 7v; gi üker èa( 7v; šin üker èa( 7v; küi üker èa( 7v; ii üker

èa( 7v; Üker (edür) 8r, 8r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 19r, 34r, 34v, 37r, 37r,

37v, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v,

55v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Üker ¯il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; üker ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v; üker ¯ilten

54r, 54v; üker ötelküi üküküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, [13v],

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; šitügen-ü

eke Üker (a¯ar-a 9r; üker unu(san 5r; qoyar yaba(an üker unu(sun [. . .] kümün 4v; Üker-ün

ger nara Üker-ün ger-dür oro(san 11r; nara Üker-ün ger-dür oro(san-u tula üker qurièaqui

sar-a bui 11r; üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r; üker sur(abasu 28v; üker abubasu

1464
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

31v; tariyan taribasu üker üküyü 34r; nigen üker-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r; nigen

üker-<y>i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Rôkini buyu 33v; Qulu(an-a Üker-lu(-a [=üker-lüge] Nara Saran

'al Široi ede dörben odun uèarabasu 46r; noqai ¯iltü-yi ükertü buu ög 54v; üker-ün 59r; Üker

sar-a mön-ü tula. üker-ün bey-e qala(un bol¯u ebesün èiddlan idemüi 19r; üker-ün üsün mör

(arbasu ma(u 49r.

ünegen fox: ünegen 59r; ünegen metü ma(u 27v.

üniy-e cow: üniyen-ü 59r.

yama(-a/yama(an/ima(an goat: qoni yama(-a sürüglebesü 31v; yama(an-u eber 21v;

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü 42v; ima(an-u 59r; ima(an-u terigün metü 59v.

HORSE COLORS

èa(an white: èa(an mori una(san 4v

¯a(al having dark spots on the neck and shoulders (of a stallion or gelding): ¯a(an [=¯a(al]

morin qudaldubasu sayin bui 17r; ¯a(al morin sur(abasu 29r.

¯egerde/¯igerde red, chestnut: ¯egerde/¯igerde 52v; ¯egerde qal¯an morin 4v; ¯igerde morin

21v, 22v.

keger-e [=keger] bay; chestnut, of horses: keger-e moritu kümün 4v.

köke an ash-colored horse: 23v.

köke boro a blue grey horse: 5v.

1465
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

köl morin though commonly refers to a “wheel horse, shaft horse” (Lessing, 484), context

suggests a yellow-colored horse, i.e., a fallow horse: šara-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü šara kiiri bari¯u

köl morin unu¯u 23r.

küreng dark brown, maroon, esp. of horse color: küreng 52v.

qal¯an/qal¯un blaze on the forehead, esp. of horses: ¯egerde qal¯an morin 4v; qong(or

qal¯an morin 25r; qal¯un 52v.

qaltar bay horse with white breast and whitish muzzle: qaltar 52v.

qara black: qara morin unu- 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v.

qong(or fallow, yellow-bay, chestnut, i.e., of a horse: qong(or 52v; qong(or morin 4v;

qong(ur morin unu- 24v, 24v; qong(or qal¯an morin qudaldubasu 25r.

qula fawn-colored, tawny, bay, having a black stripe along the spine; with black tail and

mane, i.e., a horse: qula 52v.

šar(-a light bay, i.e. horse color: šar(-a 52v.

MEASURE

adqu 1. handful, a unit of measure; isün adqu široi 22r; 2. a unit of time (8.64 seconds);

nigen èa(tur naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi

bui 6r.

alqu n. pace; dolo(an alqu (a¯ar-a 23v.

1466
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

alqum n. a unit of measure, pace, i.e., a yard; nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e arban alqum nigen

giškim (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v; nara šingge¯ü arban

alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v.

aya(-a cup; a unit of measure: isün adqu široi isün aya(-a usun-iyar sönöge¯ü 22r.

bitegüü 1. closed, final, i.e., the final day of the month, year, etc.; qorin isün bitegüü

bolumui 3r; 2. a measure; two hands, i.e., the amount of something that can be held with the

two hands placed together (DO, 71a under bitü); nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai

bol(a(èi 33r, 33v.

giškim whereas alqum is the measure of a pace or step, i.e., a yard; giškim is the measure

of one footprint, i.e., a foot (see Altangerel, MAT, under alxam, p. 14 and (4T(^<, p. 88;

nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge ese tanibasu söni-

dür (ada(adu bui 6v; nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge

tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v.

PLANTS

alim-a n. pear; alim-a güilesü terigüten ¯imis ur(umui 13r.

buudai wheat; buuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemüi 10r.

èakirma(-un èièig [Ch. lan (Mathews, 557, 3795.21); Man. šungkeri ilha]; the orchid (see

pentaglot dictionary, 15338); (a¯ar-tur èakirma(-un èièig delgeremüi 11r.

1467
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

èièig/èeèeg flower; flowers: (a¯ar-tur èakirma(-un èièig delgeremüi 11r; lungru neretü

èièig delgeremüi 13r; (a¯ar-dur ¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi 15r; modun èièig

taribasu 35v, 36r; tariyan èièig taribasu 36v; èeèeg metü 59v.

èindarala- to blaze, sparkle, glitter; (in this context of plants); the grass called cinders will

sparkle, i.e. bloom (DO, 706); èo( neretü ebesün èindaralamui 16r.

èo( neretü ebesün ?cinder grass; èo( neretü ebesün èindaralamui 16r.

èuquyi- to protrude; sprout: šin-e nabèi èuquyiqui-dur šinelemüi 3r.

dabqur seèig a pair of flowers: dabqur seèig metü 59v.

delgere- to bloom: èièig delgeremüi 11r, 13r, ¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi 15r.

ebesü(n) grass, hay, herb: tariyaèin-u ebesü tegüküi èa( 12r; èo( neretü ebesün

èindaralamui 16r; ebesün qubaraqui èa( 16r; ebesün èiddlan idemüi 19r; tariyan-u ebesün

tegübesü 30v, 42r; üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r; Mig sara ebesün-ü ündüsün

kökemüi 2r.

güilesü apricot: alim-a güilesü terigüten ¯imis ur(umui 13r.

isün ¯üil modu nine kinds of wood (50v).

isün ¯üil tariyan nine kinds of grains. Various kinds of grains are listed in Sárközi's BTD,

5646-5670, pp. 386-387. The Vaidûrya dKar-po mentions seven kinds of crops used in ritual

(TEDP, 216); five kinds of grain are mentioned in the Zhiyuan yiyu/Tche-yuan yi-yu (Ligeti

and Kara, 1990: 267-268); there is a also a Chinese constellation, the eight grains (bagu/pa-ku

[Schlegel 1967: 378]): isün ¯üil tariyan 30r, 31r.

1468
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

iši(n) 1. stem; 2. prophecy; 3. principal or first wife of a noble: iši ü¯igülbesü 28r; iši buu

ü¯igül 34r;Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v; noyan iši ¯ol(abasu 37r; noyad iši-dür

¯ol(obasu sayin 35v; išiten tübšidkü üiles 61r; tu(-un išin-tü uya¯u 50v.

¯imis fruit: alim-a güilesü terigüten ¯imis ur(umui 13r; modun cim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü

14r; qamu( šiba(un tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui 15r.

¯ülge-yin èièig milfoil or yarrow; for jülge Lessing gives, "n. Soft lawn, meadow, grass;

sward. -- yin kyzi. Indian nard, valeriana jatamansi; milfoil; spikenard," p. 1085 (Lessing,

1085; for milfoil as a marvelous plant, cf. Doré, v. 5, 1966: 729): ¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii

delgeremüi 15r.

köröngge seed: tariyan-u köröngge (a¯ar oroba 10r; tariyan-dur köröngge orkibasu 46v;

köröngge saèaqu [=saèuqu] 48r.

lingquu-a [Ch. lianqua/lian-hua (Mathews 4014.7)]; (urban odun-u düri inu lingquu-a

metü bui 32r; lingquu-a metü 59v.

lungru ?a kind of flower: lungru neretü èièig delgeremüi 13r.

modun wood; tree; the Wood star, i.e., Jupiter, Thursday; one of the five elements: isün

¯uil modu 50v; Modu (odun) 55v; modun 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 48v, 61r; Modun odun 2r, 2r, 4v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23r, 23r, 32v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 43r,

44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r,

56r, 56v, 56v; modun erlig 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; modun

1469
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad qošiyalamui 9r; modun èim[e]g beèin

inu ¯imis ide¯ü èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan te¯igemüi 14r; modun taribasu 22r, 32r, 35r; modun

èièig taribasu 35v, 36r; tariyan modun taribasu 37r 47v; modun èinar 23r; modun möèir-iyer

dokin 24v; tul(-a-yin modun metü 26v; modun metü 59v, 59v, 59v; qada èila(un-aèa modun

(ar(an èidamu 32v; modun buu o(tol 34v; modun o(talun negübesü 36v; sayin üiles

üiledbesü aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v; a(ula-aèa modun

eribesü ülü oldaqu 47v; modun gokimoi 48r; modun maqabud 54r; (altu tor(on ergiküi

modun odun 59r; oi modun o(talqui 61v; dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju

ü¯ebesü 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i iledte medeküi inu 5v; dolo(an qubi-du

modun-iyar èa(-<y>i medegdeküi tegüsbe 6r; bey-e-i turši modun-iyar èime¯ü 30v; dolo(an

qubi-du modun-u següder 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r; modun-u

èinadu ki¯a(ar-a ni(u¯u amui 22r; modun-u gara( büküy-yin tula modun èinar bui 23r;

modun-u door-a ni(u¯u amu 23v, 24v; doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a

tegüsbe 27r.

möèir twig; small branch of a tree: modun möèir-iyer dokin (adquldubasu 24v.

nabèi leaf: qa(uèin nabèi una(ad 3r; šin-e nabèi èuquyiqui 3r; eng terigün gšan kemebesü

mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu 5r; (a¯ar-tur qamu(

nabèi ündüsün ur(umui 12r.

oi modun forest: oi modun o(talqui 61v.

qara modun black tree, i.e., the larch tree (24v).

qubaqai dried; withered: tariyan modun taribasu qubaqai bolqu 47v.

1470
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qubira- to fade, wilt: küiten següder una¯u ebesün qubaraqui èa(16r.

seèig flower: qoyar odun-u düri inu ürgül¯i seèig metü bui 31r; seèig taribasu 36v; dabqur

seèig metü 59v.

seèii flower: ¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi 15r.

tariyan grain; crop: tariyan 26v; degedü amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(èid 1v; ür-e

tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r; tariyan-u köröngge (ajar oroba 10r; tariyan-dur

köröngge orkibasu 46v; tariyan tariyalabasu 10r; tariyan-u üile üiledbesü 14r; qamu( šiba(un

tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui 15r; qamu( tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r; qamu( tariyan

tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r; tariyan saèubasu 22r, 30v; tariyan taribasu 23v, 27v, 28v,

29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v; tariyan tariqu sayin edür 55v; tariyan seèig taribasu

36v, 36v; tariyan modun taribasu 37r, 47v; tariyan elbeg bolqu 29r; isün ¯üil tariyan-i

¯anèibasu 30r; isün ¯üil tariyan (ada(ši ögbesü 31r; ür-e tariyan ögbesü 30r; tariyan-u ebesün

tegübesü 30v, 41r; tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi (odun) 33r, 33v; tariyan buu tari 33v;

tariyan buu ög. 34r; tariyan-u (a¯ar olqu 46v; tariyan tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad 58r.

tariyan tömösün field crops: qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r; qamu(

tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r; tariyan tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r.

tömösü(n) bulbous plants: qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r; qamu(

tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r; tariyan tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r.

ündüsün [S. tantra; Tib. rgyud]; tantra (Lessing, 1191); roots (i.e. of plants); origin, basis:

Manjušari-aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur 1v; Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris-dur

nomlar-un 2r; ebesün-ü ündüsün kökemüi 2r; Banjar dakini-yin ündüsün 3r; (a¯ar-tur qamu(

1471
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

nabèi ündüsün ur(umui 12r; Keriy-e-yin ündüsün-dür nomla(san 56v; Jagr-a sambura-yin

ündüsün-eèe . . . ¯okiyabai 2v; ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi gara( 2r; ündüsün-ü yosu(ar

37v; ed-ün ündüsün erke-yi bütügeküi 45v.

ür-e 1. seed, grain, fruit; 2. results; 3. progeny: aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r; aèi ür-e inu maši

yeke bol[u]yu 38r; aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e inu

maši sayin bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e inu küsel-iyer bolumui 44v; aèi ür-e bütükü 46r; ür-e tariyan-

u sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r; ür-e tariyan ögbesü 30r; ür-e saèubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v,

29v, 32r; ür-e saèuqui 45v; ür-e ügei kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 27r; ür-e-ügei kümün-i ür-e-

tei bol(a(èi odun 33r; ür-e-ügei bol- 52v, 52v; qan kümün-i ür-e alda(ula(èi 33r, 33v; ür-e

tasulu(èi (odun) 34r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 59r; ür-e tasura- 41v, 52v, 52v, 61r; ür-e inu

ülü bayimui 34v; ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui 46r; ür-e sadun qa(aèiqu 46v; ür-e sadun

delgereged 52v; qoyitu ür-e (uyiranèi bolumui 47v; qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e inu bayan bolu(ad

47v; ür-e mal delgerekü sayin 52r; ür-e èuqa( 52r; ür-e-ügei kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun

33r; to(an-u aè'i ür-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggüi ü¯igülbe 1v; aèi ür-e-yin uèaral-iyar bolumui

46r; qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e inu bayan bolu(ad 47v.

ürgül¯i seèig [Ch. wang nian qing; L. Rhodea Japonica]; the everlasting flower; so named

because it remains ever green; a marvelous plant in Chinese culture (cf. Doré, vol. 5, 1966:

732): qoyar odun-u düri inu ürgül¯i seèig metü bui 31r.

1472
 WORD INDEX

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Beèin 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Beèin 12 Mo(ai 59v

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 Üker 10 Beèin. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Beèin 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Beèin 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 Üker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 Üker.

1473
 7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 Üker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 Üker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 Üker 10 Beèin. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Beèin 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Beèin 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 Üker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 Üker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 Üker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 Üker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

1474
WORD INDEX

Qoni 9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 Üker 10 Beèin. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Beèin 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Beèin 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 Üker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 Üker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 Üker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 Üker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 Üker 10 Beèin. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

1475
WORD INDEX

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Beèin 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Beèin 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 Üker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 Üker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 Üker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 Üker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 Üker 10 Beèin. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Beèin 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Beèin 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 Üker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 Üker.

1476
WORD INDEX

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 Üker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 Üker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 Üker 10 Beèin. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Beèin 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Beèin 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 Üker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 Üker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 Üker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 Üker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

1477
WORD INDEX

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 Üker 10 Beèin. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Beèin 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Beèin 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 Üker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 Üker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 Üker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 Üker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 Üker 10 Beèin. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

1478
WORD INDEX

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Beèin 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Beèin 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 Üker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 Üker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 Üker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 Üker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

10

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 Üker 10 Beèin. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Beèin 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Beèin 12 Mo(ai 59v

1479
WORD INDEX

nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 Üker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 Üker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 Üker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 Üker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

11

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 Üker 10 Beèin. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Beèin 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Beèin 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 Üker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 Üker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 Üker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 Üker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

1480
WORD INDEX

12

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 Üker 10 Beèin. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Beèin 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Beèin 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 Üker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 Üker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 Üker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 Üker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

13

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1481
WORD INDEX

17

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

22

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

27

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 šin-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 šin-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 šin-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

a-

a(sad

do(olang yerimdeg [=¯eremdeg] a(sad (a¯ar 24r

amu

1482
WORD INDEX

-¯u amu 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 24v, 25v, 26r, 27r, 27r

amui

-ju amui 6r, 6r, 22r, 23r, 24r, 25r

taulai edür dumda amui 42r

kebeli inu emün-e amui55r

emün-e ¯üg amui 58v

o(tar(ui-du amui 58v

aqu

köbegün töröbesü eèige inu üküyü. ösügsen qoyin-a (a¯ar-ta(an ülü aqu

bui 30r

aqu [=aq-a] kümün-ü aliba üiled-dür sayin bui 31r

aqui

aqui (a¯ar èinu qami(-a bui 32v

ab-

ab

ber’i buu ab 43r, 51v, 55r

adu(usun buu ab 55r

terigün gedesün qoyar-tu beri ab 55v

okin beri buu ög. buu ab 58v

abèu 22v, 23v

nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün umara emün-e abèu odba 22r

1483
WORD INDEX

ada(usun ba ed ¯ibqarabasu qoyar kümün qula(uyu doron-a ¯üg abèu

odba 23r

abqu

abqu-yi

¯il-ün öngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ü¯ikü kürdün ene bui 52r

abqu gegeküi-yin il(al 2v

èola abqu sayin edür 37r

beri abqu 45v

beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui 52r

em-e abqu er-e kümün-ü nasun ü¯egdeküi 53r

abašig abqu 56v

abašig abqu edürün sayin 56v

abašig abqu sayin edür 56v

ülü abqu 58r

abqu kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v

abqui

noqai abqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

ibegel ögküi abqui 54v

abašig abqui 56v

1484
WORD INDEX

bo(ol ¯arudasun abqui 61v

abuba

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu emün-e ¯üg-ün kümün abuba 31r

abubasu

abišig abubasu 11r, 13r, 21v, 28v, 43v, 46v

abašig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v

ada(usun abubasu 21v

adusun abubasu 22v

ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v

mal ada(usun abubasu 26v

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal abubasu 27v

ed mal abubasu 30r, 31r

ed mal ögbesü abubasu 43v

öri abubasu 22v, 25r, 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r, 31r

aši( öri abubasu 36v

(uyil'(-a abubasu 25r

belbesün em-e abubasu 25r, 32r

em-e abubasu 28v, 36v, 37r, 53r, 53r

ber'i abubasu 25r, 29r, 29r, 30r, 35r, 41v, 43r

šin-e beri abubasu 35r

šin-e debel abubasu 25r

1485
WORD INDEX

ya(un ba abubasu 25r, 28v

qonin abasu [=abubasu] 27r

dalal(-a abubasu 29r

adu(usun ba okin ögbesü abubasu 29v

šin-e ger abubasu 29v

baèa( abubasu 30r

baèa( sangvar abubasu 43v, 61r

üker abubasu 31v

mal ögbesü abubasu 32r

bošu( abubasu 34v

abubasu 34v, 46v

öglige ögbesü abubasu 35r, 37r, 41r

köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü abubasu 46v

tariyan-dur köröngge orkibasu abubasu 46v

qan kümün-eèe èola abubasu 47v

lii-dür uèira(san beri-yi abubasu 54r

abun

kegüken abun neyilèikilbesü 36r

aba

aba

niru(un-tur èerig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v

1486
WORD INDEX

abaèi-

abaèiqu

ünegen metü ma(u erin abaèiqu 27v

abaèiyu

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu ge¯igen-dür tögenetü kümün qula(uyu umara ¯üg-eèe

ire¯ü abaèiyu 29v

aba(-a

aba(-a-yin

eèige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v

abala-

abalabasu

abalabasu 22v, 26v, 32r, 36v

abari(ulu(èi

abari(ulu(èi

takir no(èi kümün-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(èi Mig buyu 33v

abdara

abdara

üküger-ün abdara kibesü 37r

Abidarm-a

Abidarm-a-yin

degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal 2v

1487
WORD INDEX

Abiji/Abaji

Abiji

Abiji 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 21r, 59r, 59v

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u eèüs Abiji sara 14r

Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 14r

Abiji na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün na(šidar bui 30v

tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ur(ulu(èi Abaji buyu 33v

nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi Abiji buyu 34r

Mul Abiji qoyar-du ¯arli( nom medekü bolumui 37v

šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür inu [. . . ] Saran odun Abaji

qoyar 45r

Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v

mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .]Abiji [. . .] sayin 48v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .]Abiji [. . .] sayin 51r

tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Abaji [. . .] sayin 55v

Abaji [. . .] edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r

[. . .] Abiji erlig-ün odun bui 60v

dörben ür-e tasura(san odun kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar.

Abaji Barani qoyar buyu 61r

1488
WORD INDEX

Anurad Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r

Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun dörben kürdün

obo(-tan buyu 61r

abišig

abišig

arbun tabun-a Èa(-un kürdün-ü abišig talbi(san sayin èa( bui 10r

abišig ab- 11r, 13r, 21v, 28v, 43v, 46v, 56v, 56v

abašig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v

abašig abqu edürün sayin 56v

abašig abqu sayin edür 56v

takil ba abišig talbibasu 28r

abišig kiged qutu( oroši(ulqu üiles 38r

ab’la-

ab’labasu

köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü ab’labasu 36r

okin bo(talabasu (uyubasu ab’labasu 36v

okin bo(talabasu ab’labasu 37r

abta-

abtaqu

qula(ai-tu abtaqu 56r

abu(èi

1489
WORD INDEX

abu(èi

abu(èi eliy-e odun 59r

abu(da-

abu(daqu

na(šidar sayin. bögesü qa(uèin-dur abu(daqu 56v

abulèa-

abulèabasu

bièig abulèibasu 36r, 36v

aburitu

üiles-dür mergen ölöng aburitu seèin ba(atur 25v

qata(uu do(šin aburitu 61v

šilu(un aburitu 61v

aèi

aèi

qula(ayièi-yin aèi inu ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 31v

aèi ür-e

to(an-u aè'i ür-e 1v

sayin ma(u aèi ür-e 4r

aèi ür-e inu maši yeke bol[u]yu 38r

aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v

aèi ür-e inu maši sayin bolumui 44v

1490
WORD INDEX

aèi ür-e inu küsel-iyer bolumui 44v

aèi ür-e bütükü 46r

aèi ür-e-yin uèaral-iyar bolumui 46v

aèi-nar

köbegün aèinar olan bolumui 38r

köbegün aèinar delgerekü 57v

aèi-nar-i

köbegün aèinar-i öber-e sal(abasu 34r

ada

ada

üküger-ün qan ada adalamui 26r

qar-a to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada adalamui 26v

ada todqor 58r

ada todqor èi(ul'qu-yin na(šidar 29r

qulu(an-a qa¯abasu ada todqor bolqu 57r

üsün kir(abasu ada todqor bolqu 57r

keriy-e kegübesü [. . .] ada todqor bolqu 58r

(a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v

ebedèin ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r

ükül ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r

qorin ¯ir(u(an-a qoor ada bolqu 56r

1491
WORD INDEX

ada-du

ada-du kürteyü 50r

ada-du uèaraqu 50r

ada(ula-

ada(ula(san

qonin ada(ula(san 4v

ada(usun/adusun/adu(usun

ada(usun/adusun/adu(usun

ada(usun abubasu 21v

adusun abubasu 22v

mal ada(usun abubasu 26v

ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v

ada(usun sürüglebesü 21v

adu(usun s[ü]rüglebesü 32r

adu(usun sürüg sal(abasu 35v

adu(usun sal(an sürüglebesü 36r

ada(usun/adu(usun ¯ibqarabasu 22r, 27r

ada(usun ba ed ¯ibqarabasu 23r

ed ada(usun/adu(usun ¯ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 29r

ada(usun ögbesü 23r, 26v

adu(usun ögbesü 30r

1492
WORD INDEX

ed mal ada(usun ögbesü 24v

eremdeg-dür ada(usun ögbesü 31r

ed adu(usun nemeyü 25v

mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v

mal adu(usun buu ög 26r

ed adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v

adu(usun quriyabasu 26v

adu(usun ba okin ögbesü abubasu 29v

(a¯ar ködelbesü adu(usun törögülten-dür ma(u 31r

mal adu(usun ögbesü 31v

kümün-e adu(usun ögbesü 36v

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu 43r

adu(usun ögküi üiles 46r

adu(usun sür dalalbasu 46v

kebili-tür adu(usun buu ab 55r

ada(usun olqu 58r

adu(usun qudalduqui 61v

ada(usun-dur/adu(usun-dur

(a¯ar ködelbesü adu(usun-dur ma(u 31r

adu(usun-dur qoor qorom¯i yeke boluyu 38r

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

1493
WORD INDEX

adu(usun-i

adu(usun-i šin-e kebtešin-dür kebtegülbesü 36r

adu(usun-i sürüglebesü 37r

ada(usun-u/adu(usun-u

mal adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa( mör (arbasu 24r

ada(usun-u sür dalalbasu 31r

adala-

adalamui

üküger-ün qan ada adalamui 26r

okin töröbesü erketen-dür uèaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v

qar-a to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada adalamui 26v

(a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v

adali

adali 39r

¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu üsün düyilü(èi tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r

Mig na(šidar kemebesü süke-dür adali bui 27r

abišig kiged qutu( oroši(ulqu üiles yirtinèü-yin üiles-dür adali busu

bolai 38r

matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dür adali ma(u bui 39r

üiles üiledbesü aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v

burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu širo(ai-dur adali 48r

1494
WORD INDEX

adalidqa-

adalidqabasu

saban sara-yi adalidqabasu 4r, 4r

adis

adis

dörben terigün odun-dur adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v

adistid

adistid

Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v

Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r

adqu

adqu

nigen èa(tur naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r

arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui 6r

isün adqu široi 22r

adusun

[see under ada(usun]

a(ali

a(ali-tu

köbegün töröbesü qudalèi umarta[m]ta(ai ma(u a(ali-tu boluyu 61v

a(la(

1495
WORD INDEX

a(la(

a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v

a(ui

a(ui yeke 1v, 25v

bu(u-yin eber-ün a(ui odun 59r

a(ula

a(ula

dörben odun-u düri a(ula metü 29r

(a¯ar ködelbesü a(ula ebderemüi 29v

a(ula-aèa

a(ula-aèa modun eribesü ülü oldaqu 47v

a(ula-yi

Sümber a(ula-yi ¯öbšiyerküy-e ¯egün qabar(-a kebte¯ü bara(un

qabar(-a-bar ergimüi 55r

a(ula-yin

Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi odun 32v, 32v

a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(èi odun ali bui 32v

Sümber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ekilen [. . .] 32v

Sümber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u 38v

a(ur

a(ur

1496
WORD INDEX

¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui 4r

edür söni-yin a(ur 5v

qabur namarun a(ur basa tegünèilen bolumui 6r

tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r

sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur-ügei bögesü tere saban sara bolumui 6v

(a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur öèüken oromui 8r

(a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r

a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r

qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad 13r

(a¯ar-tur qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad küiten-ü a(ur oromui 17r

a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 36v, 37r

dörben èa(-un a(ur oroqu 59v

a(ur-

a(urbasu

dorm-a a(urbasu 23v, 27v

rdovarm-a a(urbasu 35v

a(urasun

a(urasun

ed a(urasun nemekü sayin 46v

a(urqai

a(urqai

1497
WORD INDEX

nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi (odun) 33r, 33v

a(urqai bulabasu 42v

a(urqai erübesü 42v

ai

ai

ai okin ken buyu 32v

ai okin èi biy-e èinu öèüken bögetel-e ker yeke üge ügülemüi 32v

ai okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali 32v

ai qa(an narin-a ü¯e¯ü gün-e ono¯u medegdeküi 34r

a¯ar(-a

a¯ar(-a

a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r

a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa talbibasu 35r

ala-

ala¯u

yirtinèü-deki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r

alaqu

alaqu nitulquy-yi üiledbesü 28r

takiy-a ülü alaqu 58r

Noqai edür noqai ülü te¯igekü ülü alaqu ülü ¯anèiqu 58r

(aqai ülü alaqu 58r

1498
WORD INDEX

ala(

ala(

solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai

kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui 20r

ala( nidün

Bati bata güikü edürün belge inu ala( nidün bui 20v

ala( dusul 43v

(uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v

ala( debisker 43r

tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v

ala( noqai-tai teyimü kümün 24v

ala( debel buu ed’ke buu emüs 35r

alaldu-

alalduqui

köbegün töröbesü alalduqui nitulqui-tur duritu 32r

albin/alban

albin

albin salm-a

albin salm-a-bar küliküi na(šidar 27v

albin-u

Mul na(šidar kemebesü alban-u [=albin-u] na(šidar 29v

1499
WORD INDEX

albin-u degeremeèi odun 59r

alèa-

alèaqu

(a¯ar ködelbesü ülü alèaqu 28r

alda-

aldabasu

aman aldabasu 34v

alda(ad

toyin bolbasu ša(šabad-iyan alda(ad 27r

alda(san

usun-dur alda(san šimnus-un odun 59r

aldaqu

qudalduèin-dur odbasu ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r

ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v

alda(ulu(èi

alda(ulu(èi

qan kümün-i ür-e alda(ulu(èi [odun] ali bui 33r

ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33v

ba(ši kümün-i èidker-<y>i bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi Burnavasu

buyu 33v

qan kümün-i ür-e-yi alda(ulu(èi Margišar buyu 33v

1500
WORD INDEX

aldarši-

aldaršiqu

sayin ner-e aldaršiqu 61v

ali

ali 7r, 7r, 32v, 32v, 32v, 32v, 32v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r,

33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v, 33v,

50v

sara-yi ali na(šidar inu ekilekü degürkü ba. bara(daqui medekü kereg 4v

aliba

aliba 4v, 6v, 6v, 22v, 23v, 24v, 26v, 31r, 31r, 31r, 31v, 35r, 37r, 37v, 38r, 39r,

42v, 43r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 45r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r, 56v,

57v, 57v, 58v, 58v, 59r, 61v

aliba odun na(šidar-<y>i endegüre¯ü 4v

aliba-yi

aliba-yi ila(u(èi tegüs öl¯eyitü boluyu 25v

alim-a

alim-a

alim-a güilesü terigüten ¯imis ur(umui 13r

alimad

alimad 33v

šineleküi sara alimad inu 2r

1501
WORD INDEX

alqu

alqu

dolo(an alqu (a¯ar-a 23v

alqum

alqum

nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a kümün-ü

öngge ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge

tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

alta(n)

altan

Altan (odun) 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 37r, 37r, 37v,

37v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v,

48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v

Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara( büküi 23v

altan mönggü qudaldubasu 26r

(uyiranèi kümün-dür altan ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r

altan maltabasu 34v

1502
WORD INDEX

altan buu sürèi 35r

Altan gerel ungši 42v

altan ordo mör (arbasu sayin 49r

Anurad Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r

altatu

ula(an altatu debel 34v

altan-u

örön-e ¯üg-ün altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegüsbe 31r

altaèin

altaèin-a

(a¯ar ködelbesü altaèin-a ma(u bui 28v

ama(n)

ama-tu

yeke amatu sön-e-dür morin buu dobtul 33v

amatu sön-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r

aman

aman aldabasu 34v

kelen aman bolqu 50r, 50v

yeke kümün-ü kele aman bolqu 57v

ma(ui kelen aman bolqu 57v

aman inu doron-a emün-e 55r

1503
WORD INDEX

aman inu emün-e örön-e 55r

aman inu örön-e umara 55r

aman inu doron-a umara 55r

aman-a

aman-a (a¯ar usun-i taki 55v

aman-a‡a

er-e sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola 52v

aman-du

kelen aman-du oroqu 50r

tngri-yin noqai-yin aman-du buu ög 53r

aman-dur

aman-dur ür-e ügei bolu(ad üge da(un bolqu 52v

aman-tur üge da(un uèaram 52v

aman-dur èirig buu morda 55r

amara(

amara(

qurim keyibesü ¯irüken metü amara( köbegün ükükü 42v

amara( kümün-lu(-a ¯ol(oqu 57v

amidu

amidu

amidu ba ükügsen qoyar-un üile-dür sayin 29v

1504
WORD INDEX

eèige eke degüü amidu 51v

ami(n)

amin

amin saki(ulsun

amin saki(ulsun doron-a emün-e 8r

amin saki(ulsun doron-a emün-e 12r

amin saki(ulsun doron-a 13r

amin saki(ulsun örön-e 14r

amin saki(ulsun örön-e emün-e 15r

amin saki(ulsun doron-a emün-e 16r

amin saki(ulsun doron-a 17r

amin saki(ulsun örön-e emün-e 18r

amin saki(ulsun örön-e emün-e 19r

amin saki(ulsun üiled- 34r, 46r

amin saki(ulsun üile üiledbesü 35v

amin ¯oli( saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36v, 36v, 37r

(a¯ar usun èöm amin nüke kürümüi 18r

okin ögbesü amin nasun oqur bolqu 24r

amin oqor bolumui 27v

köbegün töröbesü amin nasun oqor bolqu 29v

beri-yin amin oqor boluyu 34v

1505
WORD INDEX

üiled-dügèi kümün-ü amin nasun oqor bolumui 39r

rašiyan-u uèaral-iyar amin nasun delgereyü 45v

amin nasun bütügeküi 45v

ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r

amin nasun aqur bolqu 47v

amin-dur

¯a(un amin-dur kürümüi 47v

edüge amin-dur ma(u 50v

amin-u

amin-u saki(ulsun

amin-u saki(ulsun doron-a 9r

amin-u saki(ulsun örön-e emün-e 10r

amin-u saki(ulsun örön-e umar-a 11r

amin-u saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r, 36v

amin-u ¯oli( saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r

amila-

amilabasu

burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v

Amindiu-a

Amindiu-a

Mahašuvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud

1506
WORD INDEX

terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r

amisqa-

amisqaqu

amisqaqu-yin

bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki-yi to(ala¯u (urban

¯a(un ¯iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5r

amisqaqui

amisqaquy-i

¯ir(u(an amisqaquy-i nigen möèe 5v

amisqaqui-lu(-a

tere kemebesü tngri-nerün nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a saèu(uu bol- 5v

qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v

amitan

amitan

yertinèü-yin qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r

šir(ol¯i terigüten amitan degde¯ü o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r

amitan usun-dur ükümüi 31v

amitan-a

köbegün töröbesü bayan bolu(ad yeke beligtü amitan-a tuslamui 30r

medegèid uqa(èid qamu( amitan-a delgeregülbesü 47v

1507
WORD INDEX

amitan-i

yertinèü-deki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r

kümün ba yerü qamu( amitan-i to(ala¯u medekü-yin tula ba(umui 55r

amitan-u

amitan-u itegel burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g 2r

qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse¯ü èi(ulqui-dur inu 38v

qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai 59r

amtatu

amtatu

darasun amtatu bolumui 8r

amu-

amuqu

sedkil ülü amuqu 58r

amu(ulang

degedü amu(ulang 1v, 38r

amu(ulang ¯ir(alang-i törögülkü 2v

amu(ulang bolu(ad 37v

amu(ulang nuta bolumui 37v

amurli(ul-

amurli(ulbasu

(adquldu(an-i amurli(ulbasu 23r

1508
WORD INDEX

amurling(ui

amurling(ui üiles (keyi-) 18r, 41v, 45r, 46r, 61r

ana(a-

ana(aqui

ana(aquy-a

ebedèin kürtebesü ana(aquy-a berke 40r

anda

anda

quda anda

quda anda bol- 10r, 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v, 56r, 61v

qudda anda bolulèibasu 28r, 28r, 29r, 31r, 32r

quda anda eribesü 31r

anggida

anggida

šinein ¯ir(u(an dolo(an ede (urban edür-eèe anggida Altan odun inu

bügüdede sayin 38r

anggir

anggir

anggir (ala(un

¯a(ur-a anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r

anu

1509
WORD INDEX

anu 1v, 2v, 3v, 4r, 5v, 5v, 20v, 29r, 35v, 39v, 40r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 46v, 47r,

48v, 50v, 54v, 56v, 58v, 58v, 59r, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 61v

Anurad

Anurad 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r,

33v, 34r, 34r, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r,

56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu- 18r, 19r

qorin dörben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un

sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r

Anurad na(šidar 29r

Anurad-tu

Anurad-du degedü šidi olqu boluyu 38r

aq-a

aq-a

aq-a yeke kümün 4v

aq-a degüü 30r

aqa degüü qoyar kümün uèira¯u ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 25v

aq-a degüü qoyar terigülen qula(uyu 26r

bombo aq-a degüü qoya(ula ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 26r

aq-a kümün-ü üiles-dür sayin 30r

aqu

1510
WORD INDEX

[see under a-]

aqui

[see under a-]

aqur

[see under oqor]

arad

arad

bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki 5r

(a¯ar ködelbesü yeke arad toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v

olan arad ¯okiqu 56r

arad-i

ma(ui arad-i sayid-un ¯erge-dür oro(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r

ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un ¯erge-dür oro(ulu(èi Qasta buyu 33v

arad-lu(-a

ma(u arad-lu(-a ¯ol(oqu 57r

aran

aran-lu(-a

ma(u aran-lu(-a uèirabasu 22v

arban

arban 37r, 38v, 39v, 44r, 55v

arban šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r,

1511
WORD INDEX

41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v

šine(-yin) arban 38r, 38r, 53r, 56v, 56v, 58v

arban qubi bolbasu nigen möèi bui 6r

arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui 6r

arban alqum 6v, 6v

arban sara 17r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50r, 60r, 60v

arban kümün 53v

arban nigen 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r,

39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 58v

arban nigen sara 18r, 18r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v,

41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

arban qoyar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

37v, 37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50v, 53r, 56r, 56v

arban qoyar sara 2v, 3r, 3r, 5r, 6v, 7v, 32v, 41v, 60r, 60v

arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r

arban qoyar sarayin èo(tu edür 47r

arban qoyar sarayin yang gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun

1512
WORD INDEX

ügülegsen ma(u edür-<y>i ü¯ekü 47r

arban qoyar sarayin Modun gokimoi 48r

arban qoyar šitün barildaqui 2v, 2v

arban qoyar èa( 6r

arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü

kürdün 50r

arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v

arban qoyar ¯il 34r

na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u

il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v

arban qoyar e¯in 35v

arban qoyar gdanm-a 38v

arban qoyar edür

arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi

ü¯ekü kürdün ene bui 50r

arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v

arban (urban 2r, 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v, 56v

arban dörben 3v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19r,

19v, 38r, 38v, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

1513
WORD INDEX

53r, 56r, 56v

arban tabun 2r, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 6v, 7r, 8r, 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16r, 16r, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r,

39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 53r, 53r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 58v

edür arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v

söni arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v

arban tabun odun 33r

arban ¯ir(u(an 3r, 5v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r,

44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v

arban dolo(an 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 44v, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56r

arban naiman 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

37v, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r

arban isün 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

37v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r

arban-a

arban-a öl¯eyitü sayin 56r

1514
WORD INDEX

arèi(ul-

arèi(ulbasu

ger tergen arèi(ulbasu 54v

Ardar

Ardar

Ardar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r,

52r, 52r, 59r, 59v

Ardar na(šidar 26r

süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .]Ardar [. . .]sayin 37v

Ardar-dür buyan keš[i]g sayitur nemeyü 37v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui [. . .]

'al odun Ardar qoyar 45r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui

[. . .] Usun odun Ardar qoyar 45r

Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v

Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden modun bui 61r

na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü anu

ene bolai Margašar Ardar qoyar Qonin edür uèarabasu ma(u 46v

èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v

1515
WORD INDEX

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu [. . .]Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v

beri ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Ardar

[. . .] ma(u 53r

debel emüskü sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Ardar [. . .] ma(u 56r

Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui. ¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v

naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü Ardar Burnavasu qoyar 60v

Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin

obo(-tan buyu 61v

ar(-a

ar(-a

ar(-a uqaqui 2v

o(tar(uy-yi egülen bürkü¯ü odun na(šidar-i ülü medekü bögesü tegüni

medeküi ar(-a inu 4v

saban sara-yi oriši(ulqui ar(-a 6v

ar(-a ¯ali

okin töröbesü qula(ayièi ba ar(-a ¯ali yeke-dü bui 28r

(a¯ar ködelbesü ar(-a beligten öber ¯a(uraban ebderemü 31v

(alqalaqu ar(-a 42v

ar(ada-

ar(adabasu

busud-i ar(adabasu 9r, 19r

1516
WORD INDEX

ari(un

ari(un takin-a 1v

ari(un gegen-e ¯iruqai 2v

öèügüken ari(un köbegün 24r

ari(un sayin köbegün 54v

ariki

ariki

ariki iskebesü 31v, 46v

aril-

arilu(san

arilu(san-u

teyin böged arilu(san-u to(-a 2r

aril(a-

aril(a¯u

yirtinèü-tekin-ü ¯obalang-i aril(a¯u 2v

aril(an

dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui 24v

aril(a(èi

aril(a(èi 35v

èuu aril(a(èi edür 35v

aril¯a

1517
WORD INDEX

aril¯a

qudaldu aril¯a kibesü 35v

arilu(sad

arilu(sad

(anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar arilu(sad 1v

arisun

arisun-iyan

Mo(ai sara mön-ü tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nüken-dür orkimui 11r

ariyatan

ariyatan-u

ariyatan-u sünesün na(šidar 27v

arsalan

arsalan

arsalan quraèimui 14r

arsalan-u 59r

Arsalan-u ger

naran Arsalan-u gertür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki arsalan

quraèimui 14r

arsalan-u ¯o(dor metü 59v

arši

arši 1v

1518
WORD INDEX

arši-nar

arši-nar-un

arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge 20r

arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung-¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u

edür-<y>i ü¯ekü anu 47r

arvis

arvis

arvis tarni uribasu 25v

asa(u-

asa(ubasu

qa(an teden alimad bui kemen asa(ubasu okin qari(uu ügülerün 33v

asa(u(san

asa(u(san-dur

ya(un èidamu kemen asa(u(san-dur tere okin ügülerün 32v

asa(ur-un

qa(an basa asa(urun 32v

qa(an sonosu(ad uridu yosu(ar darui takil-<y>i beledèü asa(ur-un 32v

qa(an basa asa(urun odun-u terigün ali bui 33r

qa(an asa(urun 33r

qa(an asa(urun (al-un galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

asar

1519
WORD INDEX

asar

asar küriy-e baribasu 46v

asara-

asarabasu

qatun kümün-i asarabasu 23r

asaraqu

šin-e kümün-i ülü asaraqu ba gerte ülü oro(ulqu edür 53v

ede edür šin-e asaraqu 53v

Asli(/As’li(

Asli( 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15v, [16v], 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r,

59v

Asli( na(šidar 27r

nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Asli( buyu 33v

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul As’li( Širvan ede

dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v

Asli( Šuša( Širvan Barani eden široi-yin èinar buyu 61r

èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Asli( [. . .] ma(u 48v

Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig abqui

sayin 56v

Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui. ¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v

dörben ür-e tasura(san odun kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar. Abaji

1520
WORD INDEX

Barani qoyar buyu 61r

Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r

asuri

asuri-nar

asuri-nar-un

'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un

èinar bui 22v

ašida

ašida-yin

tübšidkekü ašida-yin üiles-dür sayin 45v

aši(

aši(

aši( ügei 34r

¯i(ulèilabasu aši( ügei 25v

aši( öri abubasu sayin 36v

aši( tusa

aši( tusa eribesü 43v, 61v/aši( tusa eribesü 43v, 61r

aši( tusa bütü- 45v, 49v

aši( tusa bol- 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 56r

aši(la-

1521
WORD INDEX

aši(labasu/ašiglabasu 36v

Ašivani/Ašuvani

Ašivani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 52r,

59r, 59v

Ašivani sara

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun dumdadu Ašivani

sara 16r

Ašivani na(šidar/Ašuvani na(šidar 32r

o(tar(ui-dur Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 16r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. [. . .]

'al odun Ašivani qoyar 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u

uèaral bolumui. [. . .] 'al odun Ašivani qoyar 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .]

Usun odun Ašivani qoyar 45r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .]

Altan odun Ašivani qoyar 45r

Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v

Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden

1522
WORD INDEX

usun bui 61r

mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Ašivani sayin 48v

èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Ašivani sayin 48v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Ašivani [. . .] odun sayin 51r

[. . .] Ašivani ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r

Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig

abqui sayin 56v

Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v

qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman

na(šidar bui. [. . .] umara Udaribadaribad kiged Ašivani qoyar 60v

Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan

buyu 61r

aya(-a

aya(-a

isün adqu široi isün aya(-a usun-iyar sönöge¯ü 22r

ayan

ayan

èirig ayan mordabasu 42r

èerig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v

ayima(

ayima(

1523
WORD INDEX

naiman ayima( 2v, 2v, 20r

ayima(-iyar

ekiner-ün ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

ya(šas-un ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v

ayima(-ud

ayima(-ud-i

naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu 35r

ayima(-ud-iyar

ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v

ayima(-ud-un

naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an 38r

naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-un] qariqui 39r

naiman ayima(-ud 38v

naiman ayima(-ud<-ud> terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r

naiman ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü 38v

ayima(-un

naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün 20r

ayu-

ayuqu

nayitabasu ayuqu üile bolqu 58r

ayul

1524
WORD INDEX

ayul

nara sara ükübesü tere ulus-dur (aši(un ¯obalang-dur ayul bolqu 27r

Nara Saran 'al Široi ede dörben odun uèarabasu dayisun-i [=dayisun-u]

ayul bolqu 46r

ede ayul bolqu beri 52r

ayul-dur

tngri-yin ayul-dur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r

ayul-tu

qulu(an-a qa¯abasu ayul-du üile bolqu 58v

Ayuši

Ayuši-yin

Ayuši-yin nom ungšiqui [. . .] üiles-dür sayin 45v

ba

ba 1v, 1v, 1v, 2r, 2r, 2v, 2v, 2v, 2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 3r, 3v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v,

4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5v, 5v,

5v, 6r, 7r, 22r, 22r, 22r, 22r, 22r, 22v, 22v, 22v, 22v, 23r, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24v,

24v, 25r, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 29v, 30r, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v,

31v, 32r, 32r, 32v, 32v, 32v, 32v, 32v, 32v, 35r, 35v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38v,

38v, 41r, 44v, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v, 46r, 50v, 53v, 53v, 55r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56v, 57r,

58v, 59v, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v

yampar ba 41v

1525
WORD INDEX

baèa(

baèa( abubasu 30r

baèa( sangvar abubasu 43v, 61r

Badm-a

Badm-a dagini 49v

ba(-a

ba(-a sara 51v

sara ba(-a bögesü 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r

ba(atud

ba(atud

(a¯ar-un ba(atud 58v, 58v

ba(atud-un

(a¯ar-un ba(atud-un tere ¯üg èereg ba negüüdel buu od 58v

ba(atur

ba(atur

üiles-dür mergen ölöng aburitu seèin ba(atur dayisun-i daru(ad 25v

ü¯esküleng-tü ba(atur tegüs ¯ir(alang-du boluyu 25v

ba(ši

ba(ši

Nagajun-a ba(ši 3r, 4r

1526
WORD INDEX

ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi (odun) 33v, 33v

ba(ši on-du ülü kürkü 41r

ba(ši-yin

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin

ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 49v

ba(u-

ba(u

šin-e nutu(-dur buu ba(u 43r

ba(ubasu

(ni(ur umara [etc.]) ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v

ba(u(san

burqan tngri-eèe ba(u(san buyan-du sayin èa( 16r

ba(umu

tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 54r

ba(umui 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 55r

tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r

ba(uqu 43r, 43r

ebülün nara ba(uqu edür 3r

ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r

Maqagala ba(uqu edür 46v

Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge 20r

1527
WORD INDEX

Okin tngri ba(uqu edür 47r

Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge 20r

er-e-yin ¯il-ün eki èa(tu ba(uqu bui 52r

beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu ¯üg 53v

(a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a ba(uqu tula 58v

ba(u(da-

ba(u(daqui

er-e-yin em ¯üg-eèe ba(u(daqui 52r

(abiy-a-tu sarayin šinede ibegel edür ba(u(daqui 52r

ba(ul(a-

ba(ul(-a

ber'i buu ba(ul(-a 33v, 34r, 34v

ba(ul(abasu

beri ba(ul(abasu 22r, 22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v,

28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 36v,

40r, 41r, 41v, 47v, 60r

okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu 36v

okin ba(ul(abasu 43v

okin beri ba(ul(abasu 44r, 44r, 46v

ba(ul(aqu

beri ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu sayin edür 53r

1528
WORD INDEX

ba(ul(aqu-du

beri ba(ul(aqu-du sayin 53r

ba(ul(aqui

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun 51r

ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg 52r

ba(ura-

ba(ura(san

ba(ura(san bandi 24v

ba(ura(ul-

ba(ura(ulu(èi

tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ura(ulu(èi (odun) 33r, 33v

ba(ura¯u

qa(an ba(ura¯u qaraèu bolumui 42v

tüšimed ba(ura¯u (uyira(èi bolumui 42v

ba(uram

ba(uram 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

24v

1529
WORD INDEX

ba(uraqu

möèi-ber nemekü ba. ba(uraqu-bar edür söni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v

qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v

buyan kešig ba(uraqu 41r

kešig ba(uraqu edür 59v

ba(urai

ba(urai 51v

ba(uray-aèa

ba(uray-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v

Bajar/Ba’jar

Bajar

Bajar dagini 49r

Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün 3r

balai

balai kümün-i nidüt[e]i bol(a(èi 33v

bal(asun

bal(asun

bal(asun baribasu 22v

isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür kemekü na(šidar 25r

bal(asun deledbesü 25v, 34r, 35r

qota bal(asun èimebesü 34v

1530
WORD INDEX

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü 37v

qota bal(asun baribasu 41v, 42r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 61r

qota bal(asun bariqui 45v

bal(asun-dur

qo(osun bal(asun-dur 24v

bal(asun-i

dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i quriyaqui 61v

baling

baling do(šin 39v

baling do(šin güikü edürün belge 20v

baling do(šin qami(-a (sa(uqu) 40r, 41r

bandi/band’i

bandi/band’i 22v, 23v, 24r, 26r

ba(ura(san bandi 24v

bandi bombo kümün 31r

bandida

bandida Šingq-a sari 1v

bara-

baraqu

ed(-iyen) baraqu 46v, 50r, 56v

barayu

1531
WORD INDEX

ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r

bara(an

bara(an

ger dotor-a yampar qa(uèin bara(an bürin-e ¯asabasu 36r

bara(an oro(ulbasu 36v

bara(an-i

nigen ger-ün bara(an-i nököge gerte ¯okiyabasu 36v

bara(da-

bara(daqu

ed bara(daqu . . . edür 59v

bara(daqui

bara(daqui-yi

sara degürküi bara(daqui-yi medegdeküi 4r

bara(daqui medekü kereg 4v

bara(un

bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimüi 55r

bara(ur [n. haggling; wrangling; bargaining];

keregür bara(ur-tur ¯ol(oqu 4v

barama

barama i¯a(ur-tan 31v

Barani

1532
WORD INDEX

Barani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 33r,

33r, 33r, 33v, 45r, 45v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v

Barani na(šidar 32r

baras [n. tiger];

baras 59v

Baras èa( 50r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v

Baras (edür) 2r, 2r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r,

42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v,

60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

Baras sar-a 2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 8r, 8r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

bing baras sara 7v, 7v

uu baras sara 7v, 7v

keng baras sara 7v, 7v

šim baras sara 7v, 7v

ja baras sara 7v, 7v

Baras ¯il 41r, 50v, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v

baras ¯ul¯a(alamui 8r

baras mungqa( 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

1533
WORD INDEX

19v, 19v

Baras (a¯ar

šitügen-ü eke Baras (a¯ar-a 11r

èa(an baras 49r, 49r, 49r

èa(an baras king šing 41r

baras metü kümün erebesü 27v

baras-un 59r, 59r

bari-

bari(i)

mese buu barii 33v

törö buu bari 34v

ger buu bari 55r

baribasu

süm-e baribasu 31v, 47v

süm-e keyid baribasu 21v

süm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v

köbegün-e ger baribasu 21v

ger baribasu 26r, 26v, 29v, 30v, 30v, 31v, 31v, 33v, 33v, 35r, 35v, 43r,

43v, 46v, 55v, 60r

šini ger baribasu 24r, 35r

šini gerdür orobasu ba. baribasu 22r

1534
WORD INDEX

širid-ün ger baribasu 26v

köbegün-dür ger baribasu 33v

köbegün-e ger baribasu 35r

qadan-dur ger baribasu 35v

dabqur ger baribasu 43v

šin-e qa(al(-a baribasu 22r

qota bal(asun baribasu 41v, 42r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 61r

bal(asun baribasu 22v

qota baribasu 41r, 42r, 42v

tabèang baribasu 23r

kuu sang-un ger baribasu 25v

(a¯ar baribasu 30v

ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu 30v

èireg ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu 32r

(törö) baribasu 34v

yeke törö baribasu 41v

üile baribasu 35r

ebedèin baribasu 37r

oron-u širige baribasu 37r

küriy-e baribasu 42v

asar küriy-e baribasu 46v

1535
WORD INDEX

qoriy-a baribasu 42v, 48r

yender baribasu 42v

bari(san 54v

qara ya(um-a bari(san 5r

(ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri bui 54r

bügüde sayin buyan kešig bari(san beri bui 54r

kümün-ü yasun bari(san beri bui 54r

(ar-ta(an odèo( bari(san bui 54r

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r

bariju

to(osun bari¯u 3r

qarèa(ai šiba(un taulai bari¯u 15r

kegeri bari¯u 21v, 22r, 23v, 23v, 24v

kiiri bari¯u 23r, 23r

yerti[n]èü-yi ebdegèi qara orong(-a bari¯u 39v

bariqu 37r

süme keyid bariqu (a¯ar-yi beleglebesü 23r

šin-e (a¯ar bariqu tariyan taribasu 24r

yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar bui 27r

(a¯ar bariqu na(šidar 29v

ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a 33v, 33v

1536
WORD INDEX

kümün yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a 33v

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür 37v

bariqu (a¯ar eribesü 42r

bariqui

qota bal(asun bariqui . . . ašida-yin üiles-dür sayin 45v

törö bariqui . . . üiles 61r

bari(èi

bari(èi

èa( bari(èi 33r

èa( möèe-yi bari(èi (uèin qoyar okin tngri 32v

nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( 42v

ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in 43v

küü sang bari(èi odun 59r

bari(èid

bari(èid

usun bari(èid-aèa 1v

bari(ul-

bari(ulbasu

ebedèin bari(ulbasu 35v

bari(ul¯u

tegünü (artur nigen širbegel bari(ul¯u 54v

1537
WORD INDEX

barilda-

barildaqui

šitün barildaqui 1v, 2v, 2v

bariy-a

bariy-a küriy-e dü uèaraqu 50r

basa

basa 2v, 2v, 3r, 3r, 3r, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v, 4v, 5r, 5r, 5v, 6r,

6r, 6r, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 23v, 24v, 32v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 37v, 38r, 38r, 40r, 42r,

45v, 45v, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 55v,

56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 61v, 61v, 61v

basa nigen eketü 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42r,

42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46v,

47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 55r, 56r, 60v

basa nigen ¯üil 60v

basar

basar belèid-ün na(šidar 30v

bata

bata

bati bata

bati bata güikü edürün belge 20v

nigen odun-u düri inu bata metü bui 28v

1538
WORD INDEX

bati

bati bata

bati bata güikü edürün belge 20v

batu

sedkil inu batu 29r

bayan

bayan 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 56r, 57r, 58r

bayan bol- 26r, 30r, 30r, 32v, 47v

ügegüü kümün-i bayan bol(a(èi (odun) 33r, 33v

bayan kümün-i ügegüregülegèi (odun) 33r, 33v, 59r

bayan bögesü (uyila(èi bolqu 41v

dolo(an öl¯eyitü bayan odun 59r

bayar

bayar

bayar qurim keyi- 42r, 46r

bayas-

bayasun

qamu( burqad tngri-nar bayasun sayišiyamu 60v

bayasqulang

bayasqulang

ed oldaqu bayasqulang 50r

1539
WORD INDEX

bayasqulang bolqu 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 57v, 58r, 58r

yeke bayasqulang bolqu 56r, 56r

bayasqulang-tu

bayasqulang-du kele irekü 57r

bayi-

bayimui

ür-e inu ülü bayimui 34v

bayiqu

nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu 3r

nara bayiqu düng¯i edür 6r

ebülün nara bayiqu 6r

edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji 6v

¯un-u nara bayiqu 6v

¯un-u naran bayiqu èa( 12r

bayi(ul-

bayi(ulju

dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü 6r

bayi(ulqui

šitügen bayi(ulqui 45v

bayiri –

bayiri-dur

1540
WORD INDEX

bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu 22v

bayišing

bayišing

ger bayišing qota ¯asabasu 28r

beèin

beèin

Beèin (sara) 14r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Beèin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

šim beèin sara 7v

¯a beèin sara 7v

bing beèin sara 7v

uu beèin sara 7v

king beèin sara 7v

Töbed-dür Beèin sar-a 14r

Beèin èa( 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r

šim beèin èa( 7v

¯a beèin èa( 7v

bing beèin èa( 7v

uu beèin èa( 7v

king beèin èa( 7v

1541
WORD INDEX

Beèin (edür) 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 15r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r,

46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 58r, 58v, 59v, 59v,

60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

Beèin (a¯ar-a 19r

Beèin ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

55v, 55v, 58v

beèin ¯ilten 24r, 54v

beèin ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v

beèin sereküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

modun èim[e]g beèin

modun èim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan

te¯igemüi 14r

köke beèin ¯a ii 41r

Qubi sarayin dolo(an šinide Baras ¯ilün qarši beèin ¯üg qadqu 50v

beèin-ü 59r, 59r

belbesün

belbesün

belbesün qatun kümün ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 22r

belbesün em-e 25r, 25v, 29v

1542
WORD INDEX

belbesün em-e abubasu 25r, 32r

beri abubasu belbesün bolumui 43r

dörben belbesün odun kemebesü Kerteg Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan

kiged buyu 61r

belèid

belèid-ün

Širvan na(šidar kemebesü basar belèid-ün na(šidar bui 30v

beled-

beledèü

takil beledèü 32v

qa(an sonosu(ad uridu yosu(ar darui takil-<y>i beledèü asa(ur-un 32v

belge

belge 3v, 4v, 58r

Baras sara mön-ü tula belge inu baras ¯ul¯a(alamui 8r

Taulai sara mön-ü tula belge inu modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i

taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad qošiyalamui 9r

Luu sara mön-ü tula. belge inu a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r

Morin sara mön-ü tula. belge inu morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u

öngge ¯üsün güièimüi 12r

Qonin sara mön-ü tula. belge inu qonin èaddu(ad tar(u güièi¯u 13r

Beèin sara mön-ü tula belge inu modun cim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü

1543
WORD INDEX

èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan te¯igemüi 14r

Takiy-a sara mön-ü tula belge inu qamu( šiba(un tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü

èiddumui 15r

Noqai sara mön-ü tula belge inu noqai quraèi¯u [=qurièa¯u]

qošiyalamui 16r

'aqai sar-a. mön-ü tula belge inu (aqai nasu to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui 17r

Qulu(an-a sara mön-ü tula belge inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-eèe

ülü (arumui 18r

öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r

belge inu ögede qandu(san jindamuni erdeni 44v

rašiyan edür-ün belge erdini bui 20r

belge inu degegši qandu(san erdeni 44v

èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a bui 20r

belge inu qumq-a ene bui 47r

naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adusun

bui 20r

belge inu doro(ši qandu(san (adasun 39r

qariqu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r

belge inu ögede qandu(san (adasun bui 39r

luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r

belge inu köke na(ur bui 39v

1544
WORD INDEX

qariqui edürün beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r

belge inu ula(an nara bui 39v

(a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r

qariqui edürün belge inu qara sa üsüg bui 20r

ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui 20r

belge inu doro(ši qandu(san jindamuni ene bui 45r

šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r

belge inu doro(ši qandu(san subur(-a 45r

šim[n]us-i ila(u(san edürün belge inu qara nara bui 20r

belge inu qara ene bui 45r

Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge inu tong(ori( bui 20r

belge inu tong(ori( bui 47r

Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui 20r

belge inu gabala ene bui 47r

erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r

qariqui edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r

naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r

belge inu vaèir bui 38r

qariqui edürün belge inu ¯arimdu( vaèir bui 20r, 38r

arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg bui 20r

belge inu ula(an üsüg bui 47v

1545
WORD INDEX

kelinèitü edürün belge inu qara èindamuni bui 20r

belge inu qara jindamuni ene bui 45r

kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui 20r

do(šin edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r

šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v

qara šingpüng-yin [=šingpüng-ün] belge inu qara ji üsüg bui 42v

Bati bata güikü edürün belge inu ala( nidün bui 20v

ginggang güikü edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v

belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 43r

baling do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v

belge inu nigen ula(an dusul bui 40r

öèüken qara edürün belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v

belge ene qara dusul 41v

ügegürügülügèi edürün belge (urbal¯in ula(an bui 20v

yeke qara edürün belge inu (urbal¯in qara bui 20v

tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui 20v

qo(osun edürün belge (urban qara dusul bui 20v

belge inu (urban qara dusul ene bui 46v

(uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v

belge inu ala( dusul bui 43v

tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v

1546
WORD INDEX

belge inu ala( debeskir bui 43r

gara( ideši erikü edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v

belge inu dörbeljin qara debesker ene bui 44r

tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge doro(ši qandu(san qara sara

bui 20v

ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v

ebdegèi edürün belge inu qada(ur bui 20v

belge inu qara qada(ur 43v

(a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in

bui 20v

belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in 44r

tüleküi edürün belge anu solbi(san qara ¯iruqai 20v

belge inu solbi(san qara ¯iruqai 44v

belgele-

beleglebesü

(a¯ar-<y>i beleglebesü 23r

belgelemüi

qorin dörben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un sayin

ma(u-yi belgelemüi 8r

qorin nigen-e ür-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r

arban isün-e buuday-yin sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 10r

1547
WORD INDEX

qorin dolo(an-a saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u belgelemüi 18r

qorin tabun-a sara-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u belge ü¯imüi

[=ü¯emüi] 19r

belges

belges-lüge

ede belges-lu(-a [=belges-lüge] tokiyaldu(ul¯u 5r

belig [see under bilig]

ber

ber

bögesü ber 1v, 39r, 42r

baras metü kümün erebesü ber oluyu 27v

beri/ber’i

beri/ber’i

beri/ber’i ba(ul(a- 22r, 22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v,

28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 36v, 40r,

41r, 41v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 53r, 60r

ber'i/beri buu ba(ul(-a 33v, 34r, 34v

okin ber'i ögbesü 22v, 35v

beri buu ög 58v

ber'i/beri ab- 25r, 29r, 30r, 35r, 35r, 41v, 42v, 45v, 52r, 55v

beri/ber’i buu ab 43r, 51v, 55r

1548
WORD INDEX

beri abubasu u(tubasu 29r

ülü ¯okiqu beri 52r

qa(aèiqu beri 52r, 52r

ayul bolqu beri 52r

degedü beri 52r

dumda beri 52r

eèüs beri 52r

ükükü beri 52r

beri kötelügèi 52v

beri (al-du mörgügülkü èa( 53v

beri mör (arqu ¯üg 54r

(ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r

kon-dur uèira(san beri 54r

buyan kešig bari(san beri 54r

da-dur ucira(san beri 54r

kümün-ü yasun bari(san beri 54r

ken-dür uèira(san beri 54r

niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri 54r

kam-dur uèira(san beri 54r

gin-dür uèira(san beri 54r

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r

1549
WORD INDEX

jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-a-bar tata(ci beri 54v

sön-dür uèira(san beri 54v

beri-dür

mo(ai morin ¯iltü beri-dür ülem¯i ma(u 54r

beri-yi

beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui 52r

lii-dür uèira(san beri-yi abubasu 54r

beri-yin

beri-yin amin oqor boluyu 34v

beri-yin maqabud-un öngge-yin debel emüsteküi 52r

beri-yin dörben šilmus 52r

beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu ¯üg 53v

berke

berke

köbegün töröbesü te¯igeküy-e berke 22v

ebedèin kürtebesü ana(aquy-a berke 40r

ebedèin kürtebesü edegeküy-e berke 42v

bertegèin

bertegèin

bertegèin köbegün 2r

bertegèin arad 5r

1550
WORD INDEX

bey-e/biy-e

bey-e/biy-e

üker-ün bey-e qala(un bol¯u ebesün èidtala idemüi 19r

biy-e ugiyabasu 21v, 22r, 23r

bey-e ugiyabasu 26v, 41v

biy-e èinu öèüken 32v

noyan-u bey-e ba morin-dur ma(u 41r

bey-e inu ükükü 50r, 50r

bey-e inu (urban tib-i degürümüi 55r

biy-e bildar (oo-a 61r

biy-e-ben

qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32vr

bey-e-dü

ede sarada okin-u bey-e-dü ma(u 51r

biy-e-dür

biy-e-dür-iyen

saki(ulsun biy-e-dür-iyen bišil(abasu 31r

bey-e-tei

erekey-yin èinegen bey-e-tei 39v

bey-e-tü

kümün-ü bey-e-dü. noqai terigütü [. . .] 55r

1551
WORD INDEX

bey-e-yi

bey-e-[y]i turši modun-iyar èime¯ü 30v

bi

bi 32v, 32v, 32v

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v

bi qa(a(èi edür 37r

bi pô edür 48v

bièi-

bièibesü

nom bièibesü 26v, 36r

nom bièig bièibesü 36v

bièisügei

edür-lu(-a odun qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r

odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-yi il(a¯u bièisügei 46r

¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u bièisügei 48r

bièig

bièig

¯arlig bièig tarqabasu 18r

bièig to(-a sur(abasu 22v, 56v

bièig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v

1552
WORD INDEX

bièig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r

bièig ungšibasu 32r

qa(an-a tatal(-a bièig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v

bièig abulèibasu 36v

nom bièig bièibesü 36v

qa(an-a bièig oro(ulbasu 36v

bièig-tür

bièig-dür orobasu 36v, 37r

bildar

biy-e bildar

biy-e bildar (oo-a 61r

bilig

bilig

¯öng bilig

¯öng bilig olu(san Manjušari 1v

erdem bilig 25v

biligtü

qaram yeke biligtü 31r

bing

bing

bing šin

1553
WORD INDEX

bing šin yile 7v

bing šin edür 7v

bing baras

bing baras sara 7v

bing baras èa( 7v

bing luu

bing luu sara 7v

bing luu èa( 7v

bing morin

bing morin sara 7v

bing morin èa( 7v

bing beèin

bing beèin sara 7v

bing beèin èa( 7v

bing noqai

bing noqai sara 7v

bing noqai èa( 7v

bing qulu(an-a

bing qulu(an-a sara 7v

bing qulu(an-a èa( 7v

bing ding 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

1554
WORD INDEX

biqar

biqar qangin

biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai 26r

bišil(a-

bišil(abasu 11r

burqan-i bišil(abasu 26v

saki(ulsun biy-e-dür-iyen bišil(abasu 31r

bitegüü

qorin isün bitegüü bolumui 3r

nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi 33r, 33v

biy-e

[see under bey-e]

biyoo

biyoo 58v

blama

blam-a Manjušari 1v

bodgalis

bodgalis-tur

ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san-i uqa(sad

bodgalis-dur to(alaqui terigüten tu(urbil-dur kièiyeküi busu bögetele 1v

(urban èa(-un uqa(-a edüi bodgalis-dur ina(uki terigüten šitün barildaqui

1555
WORD INDEX

üiles keregtü 1v

bodisüng

bodisüng

burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g inü 2r

Manjušari bodisü[n]g 2v

bodisü[n]g-nar

burqan bodisü[n]g-nar 1v

bodong

bodong (aqai-yin soyo(-a 60r

bo(o-

bo(o¯u

köbegün töröbesü em-e-lüge-ben ülü ¯okildun bo(o¯u ükümüi 30v

bo(ol

bo(ol

bo(ol qudaldubasu 25r, 25v, 26r, 28v

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu narin bo(ol ma(u sedke¯ü kümün-dür (ar(a¯u

ögbe 28r

bo(ol ¯arudasun abqui 61v

bo(šir(-a

bo(šir(-a

boro bo(šir(-a

1556
WORD INDEX

¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi 8r

bo(tala-

bo(talabasu

okin bo(talabasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r

bo(tala¯u

okin bo(tala¯u 47v

bo(tolaqu

okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü kürdün 51r

okin bo(tolaqu sayin edür 53r

bol-

bolai 4r, 8r, 38r, 44v, 46v, 52r, 54v, 58v, 59r, 59v, 60r

Manjušari bodisü[n]g törögsen bolai 2v

Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u šinelekü bolai 2v

(urban ¯il-dür nigen saban sar-a bolqu anu olan sudur-un ta(alal inu

nigen bolu(san bolai 4r

edür-ün odun-i medekü bolai 5r

edür-ün odu-yi medebesü na(šidar-<y>i tegüber medekü bolai 5r

bolbasu 5v, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6v, 7r, 7r, 10r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v,

44v, 44v, 44v, 51v, 51v

mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(šidar inu tasuraqu bolbasu tere edür

qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v

1557
WORD INDEX

¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v

(uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v

qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v

quda anda bolbasu 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v

toyin bolbasu 27r, 29v, 56v

keregür bolbasu 32r

er-e em-e bolbasu 54v, 54v

bol¯u 19r, 31v, 38r

qamu( tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r

bolqu 12r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 24r, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 29r,

29v, 30v, 32r, 35r, 39r, 40r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42v, 45r, 46r, 46v, 46v, 47v, 47v, 47v,

50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 52r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 54v, 56r,

56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 57r,

57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r,

58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58v, 61r, 61r

(urban ¯il-dür nigen saban sar-a bolqu anu olan sudur-un ta(alal inu

nigen bolu(san bolai 4r

bayasqulang bolqu 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r

buyan kešig bolqu 50r

yar-a šarq-a bolqu 50r

kelen aman bolqu 50r

1558
WORD INDEX

öl¯i-dü bolqu 50r

üge da(un bolqu 50r

bolqui 38v, 61v

bolqui-du

quda anda bolqui-du (ayitu bui 56r

(aqai bolqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v

bolu(ad 5v, 13r, 15r, 25v, 26r, 27v, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30r, 37v, 38r, 47v, 52v, 54v,

54v, 56v, 58r, 61r, 61v

tabun ¯üil bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v

bolu(san 6r

(urban ¯il-dür nigen saban sar-a bolqu anu olan sudur-un ta(alal inu

nigen bolu(san bolai 4r

bolumui 5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6v, 6v, 7r, 7r, 8r, 10r, 11r, 13r, 17r,

18r, 19r, 25v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 30v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 37v, 37v, 38r,

38r, 38r, 39r, 40r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 43r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 52v, 52v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 58r, 58v, 60r

(urban ¯il-dür nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3r

Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügey-yin tula-da qorin isün bitegüü

bolumui 3v

1559
WORD INDEX

Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun ügey-yin tula arban dörben inu arban

tabun bolumui 3v

tabun ¯üil bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v

üligsen-i [=ülegsen-i] saban sara bolumui 5r

tngri-nerün nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a saèu(uu bolumui 5v

qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v

¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v

(uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v

qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v

gem ülü bolumui 37v

kemor gemšil bolumui 50r

bolunam

qabar-tur qar-a mör-dü bolunam 52v

bolurun

sadhu kemeged ¯arli( bolurun 32v

boluyu 25r, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 28r, 29v, 30r, 31r, 34r, 34r, 34v, 38r, 38r,

39v, 44v, 51v, 61v

dayisun boluyu 17r

aši( tusa boluyu 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r

¯ir(alang boluyu 50r

maši sayin boluyu 50r

1560
WORD INDEX

bol(a-

bol(abasu 6v

bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki-yi to(ala¯u (urban ¯a(un

¯iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5r

nigen üile qoyar bol(abasu 26v

bol(a¯u 5v, 6v, 6v, 6v

Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u 2r

Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u šinelekü bolai 2v

qaburun terigün Baras sara-yi Qubi sara bol(a¯u 2v

qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi ¯il-ün terigün bol(a¯u 3r

Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u šinelemüi 3r

nigen gšan-aèa ekile¯ü edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u to(alaqui inu 5r

bol(an 5v, 6r, 10r, 32v

bügüde-yin to(alal nigen yosutu bol(an ü¯ebesü qono( tasuraqui nigen

¯üg-iyer ülü bol(an kièiyen ü¯egdeküi 4r

bol(aqu

tegüber urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu 5v

bol(a(èi

bol(a(èi 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v,

33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v

Suvadi na(šidar kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi na(šidar

1561
WORD INDEX

bui 28v

boli-

boliyu

amin nasun-i boliyu 46r

bolulèa-

bolulèabasu

qudda anda bolulèibasu 28r, 28r, 29r, 31r, 32r

bombo

bombo 26r

bombo kümün 4v, 5r

band’i (ba) bombo 22v, 24v, 26r, 31r

bombo-nar

bombo-nar-dur

tüliši ögbesü bombo-nardur ma(u 30v

borbin

borbin-dur

borbin-dur okin-da(an qarši 52v

boro

boro 52v

köke boro mori 5r

boro bo(šir(-a

1562
WORD INDEX

boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi 8r

boro(an

boro(an

boro(an orobasu üsken bolqu 61r

boro(an orobasu qoyin-a qur-a elbeg 61r

boro(an orobasu basa oro- 61v, 61v, 61v

bos-

bosu(ad

mana(ar erte bosu(ad (ar ni(ur-iyan ugiya¯u 4v

boskil

boskil

boskil saèu¯u 24r

boso(-a

boso(-a

boso(-a bosqabasu 46v

bosqa-

bosqabasu

subur(-a bosqabasu 23v, 26r, 30r, 31v, 32r

süm-e keyid bosqabasu 24r, 41v, 44v

süm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r

ger bosqabasu 28r

1563
WORD INDEX

ger tergen bosqabasu 37r, 42r

küü sang-un ger bosqabasu 30r

sang-un ger bosqabasu 36v

qa(al(-a ba usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r

a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 36v, 37r

tegerm-e bosqabasu 42v

qoriyan bosqabasu 42v

boso(-a bosqabasu 46v

bosqaqui

süm-e keyid bosqaqui 45v

bošu(

bošu(

bošu( abubasu 34v

böged – [see under bü-]

bögesü – [see under bü-]

bögetele – [see under bü-]

bu-

buyu 2r, 2r, 2v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 4v, 5r, 5r, 6r, 23r, 24r, 25v, 32v, 32v,

33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v,

33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r,

34r, 34r, 34v, 37v, 38v, 42v, 56v, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v,

1564
WORD INDEX

61v, 61v

Buda

Buda

Buda dagini 49v

bu(u

bu(u-yin 59r, 59r

bu(u-yin eber ur(umui 12r

bu(u-yin eber-ün a(ui odun 59r

bula-

bula

bulaši buu bula 34v

bulabasu

bulaši bulabasu 21v

kümün-ü yasun bulabasu 32r

quddu( nüke butegen bulabasu 36r

quddu( nüke bulabasu 37r

a(urqai bulabasu 42v

eèige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v

bula(

bula(

èa(an èila(u-tu bula( 22r

1565
WORD INDEX

bulaši

bulaši

bulaši bulabasu 21v

bulaši buu bula 34v

bul(ura(ulu(èi

bul(ura(ulu(èi

èinu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r

èinu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi Udaribadaribad buyu 33v

buliya-

buliyan

buliyan qula(ayièin-i getebesü 36r

buliyan qula(ai getebesü 36v

buliyan qula(ay-u [=yin] üiles 46r

buliyan qula(ai-lu(-a uèiraqu 47v

buq-a

buq-a

a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r

buq-a talbibasu 28r

a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa talbibasu 35r

buq-a-yin

buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v

1566
WORD INDEX

buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü 50v

Burnavasu

Burnavasu 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 26r, 33r,

33v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r,

61v

burqad

burqad

qamu( burqad tngri-nar bayasun sayišiyamu 60v

burqan

burqan

burqan bodisü[n]g 1v

burqan šim[n]us kiged ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r

burqan tngri-eèe ba(u(san buyan-du sayin èa( 16r

burqan takibasu 23r, 24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29v, 29v, 31r, 32r,

34r, 34v, 35r, 35r

burqan buu taki 34v

burqan šitügen šinidkebesü 24r

burqan bütügebesü 26r

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v

nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v

burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v

1567
WORD INDEX

burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v

burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r

burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu 48r

burqan tngri buu taki 48r

burqan-dur

burqan-dur aliba takil üiledbesü 31r

burqan-i

burqan-i takibasu 21v, 22v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 28v, 29r, 30r

burqan-i bišil(abasu 26v

burqan-u

ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen burqan-u nomla(san sudur 2r

burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g 2r

burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur 2v

burqan-u qutu(-i olu(san sayin èa( 11r

burqan-u oron eribesü 22v

aliba burqan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü 26v

burqan-u e¯in mese-dür üküyü 34v

burqan-u šitügen egüdbesü 46v

bursang

bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v

bursang quvara( ülü to(taqu 47v

1568
WORD INDEX

buru(u

ba(urai-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v

nutu(-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v

okin-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v

em-e-eèe buru(u to(ola 51v

sara ba(-a bögesü buru(u to(ola 52v

segül-eèe buru(u 52v

egüde-eèe buru(u to(ala 60r

Burvabadaribad/Burvabadaripad

Burvabadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r,

31r, 33v, 34r, 37v, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v, 51r, 55v, 56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v

Burvabadaribad sara

namurun terigün Burvabadari-bad sara 15r

Burvabadaribad na(šidar

Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r

Burvabalguni

Burvabalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r,

33v, 37r, 37r, 44v, 45v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v

Bruvabalguni na(šidar 27v

Burvasad

Burvasad 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v,

1569
WORD INDEX

34r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56v, 59r, 59v,

60v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v

Burvasad na(šidar 30r

Burvasad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 13r

Bus/Pus

Bus 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 37v,

48v, 51r, 52r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r/Pus 53r

Bus na(šidar 2r, 2v, 19r, 26v

Bus sar-a 3r, 19r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. [. . .]

Modun odun Pus qoyar 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral

bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Pus qoyar 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui

[. . .] Altan odun Pus qoyar 45r

Kerteg Barani Šuša( Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede

dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v

èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Pus [. . .] sayin 48v

Pus Suvadi Rivad’i Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu kümün-ü

üiles-dü sayin 60v

busu

1570
WORD INDEX

-küi busu bögetele

kièiyeküi busu bögetele 1r

-qu busu bögetel-e

qono( tasuraqu busu bögetel-e 3v

-kü busu bögesü ber

kereglegdekü busu bögesü ber 1v

-qui busu bögesü

ar(-a uqaqui busu bögesü 2v

busu

busu sudur 2r

busu bügüde odun 46v

busu odun 56r

busu bügüde 56v

busu edür 60v

busu buyu 4r

erdeni busu 10v

adali busu bolai 38r

busu-ber 45v

busu inu ma(u 46v, 56v

qola busu (a¯ar 61v

busud

1571
WORD INDEX

busud

busud anu 60r

busud-aèa

busud-aèa (uyil'(-a abubasu 25r

busud-i

busud-i ar(adabasu 9r, 19r

busud-i qari(ulbasu 23v

busud-i takibasu 30r

busud-i ilaqui 37v

busud-<y>i doroyita(ulqui 46r

busud-i kesegeküi 46r

busud-iyar

noyad isanglaqu busud-iyar ¯i(ulèilabasu 35v

busud-tur

busud-dur ma(u 30r, 48v

buu

buu 26r, 27r, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r,

34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v,

34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v,

34v, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v,

35v, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 38r, 41v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 45r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r,

1572
WORD INDEX

51v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 56r, 58v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 58v

ükügsed-dür tüliši buu ög 26r

buudai

buuday-yin

buuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemüi 10r

buura

buura

a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r

a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa talbibasu 35r

buyan

buyan

buyan kešig

buyan kešig ebdere- 21v, 34r

buyan keš[i]g neme- 37v, 37v, 56r

buyan kešig ba(ura- 41r,

buyan kešig delgerekü 46v

buyan kešig bolqu 50r

buyan kešig bari(san beri 54r

buyan üiledbesü 21v, 21v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r, 25v, 26r, 29v, 30v, 31r, 32r,

32r, 34r, 35r

1573
WORD INDEX

buyan ¯oli( ögbesü 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r

buyan ¯oli( üiledbesü 31v

buyan qurim üiledbesü 31v

buyan tegüsümüi 30v

nom buyan üiledkü-dü sayin 60v

buyan-tu 8r, 13r, 16r, 45r, 45r, 60v, 61v

buyan-u

sayin buyan-u qur-a 1v

buyan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü 23r

buyu

[see under bu-]

bü-

böged 2r, 5v, 31r, 46r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v

teyin böged 2r

bögesü 2r, 2v, 4r, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 5r, 5r, 6v, 6v, 7r, 7r, 7r, 23r, 37v, 38r,

41v, 41v, 42v, 46r, 50v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v,

52v, 56v, 60r, 60r

bögesü ber 1v, 39r, 42r

ese bögesü 4v, 4v, 4v, 5r, 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v, 34v, 35r

teyin bögesü 32v

bögetel-e 3r, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 32v, 38v

1574
WORD INDEX

bögetele 1v, 38v

bügüde

bügüde 33r, 38v, 46r, 54r, 56v

modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü 9r

yeke öèüken odun bügüde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v

naiman ayima(-ud bügüde ba yeke èi(ul(an buyu 38v

bügüde-de

bügüdede sayin 38r

bügüde-dü

bügüde-dü sayin 28r, 54r

bügüdedü ma(u 54r/bügüde-dü ma(u 60v

bügüde-dür

bügüdedür sayin 24r

qatun kümün-i asarabasu bügüde-dür sayin 23r

bügüde-yi

bügüde-yi ¯i(a¯u ögsügei 32v

bügüde-yin

bügüde-yin to(alal nigen yosutu bol(an ü¯ebesü 4r

odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in 55r

büri-

büribesu

1575
WORD INDEX

ger tergen ¯asabasu kibesü büribesu 36r

ger büribesü 36v

debür büribesü 42r

bürikü

ger bürikü üiledbesü 47v

bürin-e

ger dotor-a yampar qa(uèin bara(an bürin-e ¯asabasu 36r

büriy-e

büriy-e

büriy-e tatabasu 34v

bürkü-

bürkü¯ü

o(tar(uy-yi egülen bürkü¯ü 4v

bürüi

bürüi

bürüi-dü x 40r

bütege-

bütegen

quddu( nüke butegen [=bütegen] bulabasu 36r

bütü-

bütükü

1576
WORD INDEX

qariyal keyibesü (urban ¯il-dü ülü bütükü 42r

üile nigen edür-dü bütükü edür bui 42r

kelinèitü üiles üiledbesü bütükü 45r

do(šin üiles ba küèütü üile üiledbesü ödtör bütükü 45r

qan kümün üiles bütükü 45v

busu-ber öndür bütükü üiles 45v

aèi ür-e bütükü 46r

sedkil bütükü 46v

küsel bütükü 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 58v

küsel-iyen bütükü 49v, 49v

üiles bütükü 49v, 50r, 50v

aliba üiles bütükü 50r, 50r

üile bütükü 49v, 58r

kereg bütükü 49v

aši( tusa bütükü 49v

(abiy-a-tu üiles bütükü 50r

sedkigsen üile bütükü 58r

bütüküi

bütüküy-yin

qoyar široi uèirabasu šid’i bütüküy-yin uèaral 45v

šidi bütüküy-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü 45v

1577
WORD INDEX

aši( tusa bütüküi 45v

bütümüi

qamu( küsel bütümüi 38r

qariyal ügegüy-e bütümüi 39r

bütüyü

saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu sayin ma(u aèi ür-e inu

ülü bütüyü 4r

šidi bütüküy-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü 45v

sedkigsen bütüyü 45v

bütügèi

bütügèi 35v

èeng bütügèi edür 36v

bütügèi odun 59r

bütüge-

bütügebesü

öèügüken tusa bütügebesü 16r

öber-ün tusa bütügebesü 22v

ed bütügebesü 23v

burqan bütügebesü 26r

nasun bütügebesü 28r, 34v

šim[n]us bütügebesü 28r

1578
WORD INDEX

bütügekü

bütügekü-yin

mör bütügekü-yin urida kimor bolqu 41r

Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui 60v

öndör bütügekü üiles 61r

bütügeküi

amin nasun bütügeküi 45v

ed-ün ündüsün erke-yi bütügeküi 45v

èabda(ur

èabda(ur

èabda(ur saèuli er<e>gübesü qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun

sayišiyamu 60v

èad-/èid-

èaddu(ad/èiddu(ad

modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad

qošiyalamui 9r

belge inu qonin èaddu(ad tar(u güièiyü 13r

modun èim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan te¯igemüi 14r

èiddumui

qamu( šiba(un tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui 15r

èid-tala

1579
WORD INDEX

üker-ün bey-e qala(un bol¯u ebesün èidtala idemüi 19r

èa(

èa( 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 51r, 51r

söni-yin èa( 2v

edür ¯ir(u(an èa( söni ¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u 5v

ding taulai èa( 7v

uu luu èa( 7v

gi mo(ai èa( 7v

king morin èa( 7v

šin qonin èa( 7v

šim beèin èa( 7v

küi takiy-a èa( 7v

¯a noqai èa( 7v

ii (aqai èa( 7v

bing qulu(an-a èa( 7v

ding üker èa( 7v

uu baras èa( 7v

gi taulai èa( 7v

king luu èa( 7v

šin mo(ai èa( 7v

šim morin èa( 7v

1580
WORD INDEX

küi qonin èa( 7v

¯a beèin èa( 7v

ii takiy-a èa( 7v

bing noqai èa( 7v

ding (aqai èa( 7v

uu qulu(an-a èa( 7v

gi üker èa( 7v

king baras èa( 7v

šin taulai èa( 7v

šim luu èa( 7v

küi mo(ai èa( 7v

¯a morin èa( 7v

ii qonin èa( 7v

bing beèin èa( 7v

ding takiy-a èa( 7v

uu noqai èa( 7v

gii (aqai èa( 7v

king qulu(an-a èa( 7v

šin üker èa( 7v

šim baras èa( 7v

küi taulai èa( 7v

1581
WORD INDEX

¯a luu èa( 7v

ii mo(ai èa( 7v

bing morin èa( 7v

ding qonin èa( 7v

uu beèin èa( 7v

gi takiy-a èa( 7v

king noqai èa( 7v

šin (aqai èa( 7v

šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v

küi üker èa( 7v

¯a baras èa( 7v

ii taulai èa( 7v

bing luu èa( 7v

ding mo(ai èa( 7v

uu morin èa( 7v

gi qonin èa( 7v

keng beèin èa( 7v

šin takiy-a èa( 7v

šim noqai èa( 7v

küi (aqai èa( 7v

¯a qulu(an-a èa( 7v

1582
WORD INDEX

ii üker èa( 7v

bing baras èa( 7v

salkin-u èa( 8r

abšig talbi(san sayin èa( 10r

tu(ulu(san burqan-u qutu(-i olu(san sayin èa( 11r

tariyaèin-u ebesü tegüküi èa( 12r

¯un-u naran bayiqu èa( 12r

ünen nom-un kürdün-i orèi(ulu(san buyan-du sayin èa( 13r

üsken qur-a-yin èa(

okid üjügürkeküi èa( 15r

ebesün qubaraqui èa( 16r

burqan tngri-eèe ba(u(san buyan-du sayin èa( 16r

edür söni qubi saèu(uu bo[l]qu oroqui èa( 16r

qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r

amitan-i ala¯u kelinèe üiledküi èa( 17r

yeke küiten-ü èa( 17r

ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r

èa( möèe-yi bari(èi 32v

dolo(an ¯a(un qorin èa( 33r

ni¯iged gara(-lu(-a ni¯iged èa( bari(èi 33r

qulu(an-a èa( 50r, 51r, 51r

1583
WORD INDEX

üker èa( 51r, 51r, 51r

baras èa( 51r, 51r, 51r

taulai èa( 51r, 51r, 51r

luu èa( 51r, 51r, 51r

mo(ai èa( 51r, 53v

morin èa( 51r

qonin èa( 51r

beèin èa( 51r, 51r, 51r

takiy-a èa( 51r, 51r, 53v

noqai èa( 51r 51r

(aqai èa( 53v

öber èa( 51r

beri (al-du mörgügülkü èa( 53v

gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( 54v

on sara edür èa( möèe 55r

èa(-daki

umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( 3v

èa(-i

(urban èa(-i uqa(-a inaru 1v

èa(-<y>i iledte medeküi 5v

èa(-<y>i medegdeküi 6r

1584
WORD INDEX

qorin dörben a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r

èa(-iyan

èa(-iyan-iyar

dörben èa(-iyan-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v

èa(-iyar

qonin èa(-iyar qura(alamui 10r

èa(-tu/èa(tu

kücün tegüs-ün èa(-tu 24r

er-e-yin ¯il-ün eki èa(tu 52r

(aqai èa(-tu 53v, 54r

takiy-a èa(-du 53v

noqai èa(tu 54r

taulai èa(tu 54r

beèin èa(tu 54r

èa(-tur/èa(tur

èöb-ün èa(tur 4r

tere èa(-dur 6r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v

arban qoyar èa(tur qubiya¯u amui 6r

nigen èa(tur naiman möèe 6r

küèün tegüs-ün èa(-tur 21v, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r

nara(n) ur(uqui èa(-tur 21v, 38r, 42r, 42v

1585
WORD INDEX

nara šinggeküi èa(-tur 38v, 38v, 38v, 42r

nara manduqui èa(tur 42v

ideši ereküi èa(tur 42v

ede èa(tur üsün-i samla 51r

ede èa(tur mordo(ul-su(ai 51r

üd[e]ši-yin èa(-dur 56v

èa(-ud

èa(-ud-tur

ede èa(-ud-dur (arbasu mör ma(u 50v

èa(-un

(urban èa(-un uqa(-a 1v

Èa(-un kürdün 1v, 2r, 3r, 3r, 11r, 45r

Èa(-un kürdüèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r

èa(-un il(al 5r

qulu(an-a èa(-un uridu 6v

èa(-un sayin ma(u 8r, 50v

èa(-un takil 38v

èa(-un qara 41r, 42r

arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50r

dörben èa(-un a(ur 59v

1586
WORD INDEX

èa(an

èa(an 52v, 52v, 52v

èa(an mori 4v

èa(an debel 4v, 35r

èa(an noqai 4v

èa(an segeretü qara noqai 22r

èa(an èila(u-du bula( 22r

èa(an keg[i]ri bari¯u 23v

èa(an ¯asal 39v, 45r

èa(an baras 41r, 49r, 49r, 49r

èa(an üile

tere ideši ereküi èa(tur èa(an üile qara bolumui 42v

èa(an qada( 50v

èa(an tosun 50v

èa(an qonin 60v

èa(an-iyar

èimeg-iyen èa(an-iyar èimejü 23v

èa(an-nu(ud

èa(an-nu(ud-iyar

èa(an-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü 24r

èai

1587
WORD INDEX

èai

èai èina(san 4v

èai qudalduèin 30r

èakirma(

èakirma(-un

èakirma(-un èièig

(a¯ar-tur èakirma(-un èièig delgeremüi 11r

èang

èang

èang kengger'ge deledbesü 28v, 34v, 35r

èarèa(-a

èarèa(-a

èarèa(-a qošiyalan dong(oddumui 14r

èasu(n)

èasu

èasu ese orobasu ebül dula(an bolqu 19r

èasun

(a¯ar tal-a ödken èasun bolumui 19r

èayi-

èayiqu

üsün kir(abasu èayiqu 57r

1588
WORD INDEX

Èayitari

[see under Jayitari]

èeèeg

[see under èièig]

èeng/èing –

èeng/èing

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v

èeng bütügèi edür 36v

èing gii edür 48v

èerig/èereg/èireg/èirig

èerig/èereg

èerig mordobasu 9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 29r

èereg mordobasu 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r,

61v

èireg mordobasu 41r, 45r

èireg mordaqui 46r

èireg mordaqu edür 48v

èirig mordabasu 44r

èerig buu morda 34v

aman-dur èirig buu morda 55r

1589
WORD INDEX

èirig ayan mordabasu 42r

niru(un-tur èerig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v

èereg uduridbasu 23r, 24v

èirig uduridbasu 40r

èireg degerm-e odbasu 31r

èireg ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu 32r

èirig degerm-e kiged do(šin üiles 40r

èereg ba negüüdel buu od 58v

èirig-eèe

èirig-eèe busud-dur ma(u 48v

èereg-ün/èireg-ün

èerig-ün noyan

èereg-ün noyan 21v

dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan 22r, 23v, 24r

dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan 21v, 24v

èereg-ün noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v

èereg-ün noyan ükükü 40r

tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( 22v

èi

èi

ai okin èi biy-e èinu öèüken bögetel-e ker yeke üge ügülemüi 32v

1590
WORD INDEX

èièig/èeèeg

èièig/èeèeg

èakirma(-un èièig

(a¯ar-tur èakirma(-un èièig delgeremüi 11r

lungru neretü èièig

lungru neretü èièig delgeremüi 13r

¯ülge-yin èièig

(a¯ar-dur ¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi 15r

modun èièig taribasu 35v, 36r

tariyan èièig taribasu 36v

èeèeg metü 59v

èid-

[see under èad-]

èida-

èidamu

ya(un èidamu kemen asa(u(san 32v

(a¯ar-<y>i tübšidken èidamu 32v

dayisun-i qari(ulun èidamu 32v

qa(urai (a¯arèa usun (ar(an èidamu 32v

qada èila(un-aèa modun (ar(an èidamu 32v

ügegüü kümün-i bayan bol(an èidamu 32v

1591
WORD INDEX

èidamui

bi tngri-yi kelbeyilgen èidamui 32v

èidker

èidker

ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33v

ba(ši kümün-i èidker-<y>i bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ula(èi Burnavasu

buyu 33v

èidker-nügüd

èidker-nügüd-i

èidker-nu(ud-i [=èidker-nügüd-i] nomo(odqabasu 23r

èidköd

èidköd

tngri kümün èidköd (urba(ula èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar bui 26r

èidköd (aši(udaqu edür 48v

èidköd-i

èidköd-i daru- 26r, 27r, 45r

üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu 48v

èidköd-<y>i nomo(odqabasu 34v

engküri èidköd-i nomo(odqabasu 35v

èidköd-<y>i buu daru(ul 34v

èidqu-

1592
WORD INDEX

èidqubasu

èidqumal èidqubasu 16r

èidqumal

èidqumal

èidqumal èidqubasu 16r

èi(ta(-a

èi(ta(-a

tngri-yin èi(ta(-a

tngri-yin èi(ta(-a Èista buyu 34r

örön-e doron-a-yin èi(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r

èi(ta(-a-dur

tngri-yin èi(ta(-a-dur dalal(-a buu dalal 33v

örön-e doron-a èi(ta(-a-dur ber'i buu ba(ul(-a 33v

èi(ul-

èi(ul

èi(ul(an buu èi(ul 35r

èi(ulbasu 46v

èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 15r, 25v, 27v, 27v, 35r, 36v

¯arli(-un èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 22v

eyetüldür-e èi(ulbasu 22v

èi(ulqu

1593
WORD INDEX

naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge 20r

naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu edürün belge 20r

luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge 20r

(a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge 20r

erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge 20r

ada todqor èi(ul'qu-yin na(šidar 29r

sara-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r

èi(ulqui

èi(ulqui-dur

èi(ulqui-dur inu 38r

naiman ayima( terigüten-ü èi(ulqui qariqui 2v

naiman ayima( terigüten (a¯ar usun-u e¯id ba èi(ulqui qariqui 2v

èi(ulqui edür 38r

Kögeler sara büküli èi(ulqui bögetele 38v

eyetün èi(ul’qui 61r

èi(ulumui 38r, 38r, 39r, 39v

èi(ul(an inu yerü dörben ekin sarayin (urban isün-e èi(ulumui 38r

Qubi sarayin arban dörben nara ur(uqui èa(-tur arban qoyar

gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

Qoyar sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a söni düli dörben èa(-iyan-iyar

küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

1594
WORD INDEX

'urban sarayin qorin qoyar-a söni-yin düli-yin urida dörben šimnus-ud

ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

Dörben sarayin naiman šinede ör giküi-dür gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü

èi(ulumui 38v

Tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur naiman

luus-ud qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

®ir(u(an šinede öèüken èi(ulumui 38v

Dolo(an sarayin qorin tabun-a ör geyiküi-dür ekiner-ün ayima(-iyar

küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

Naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar

küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v

Isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud

küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v

Arban sarayin arban dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e ya(šas-un

ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v

Arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e erlig-üd-iyer

küriyelegül¯ü edür düli-eèe söni kürtel-e èi(ulumui 38v

èi(ul(ala-

èi(ul(alabasu 30v

tama(-a èi(ul(abasu 36r

èi(ul(alaqu

1595
WORD INDEX

tngri kümün èidköd (urba(ula èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar bui 26r

èi(ul(an

èi(ul(an

èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 15r, 25v, 27v, 27v, 35r, 36v

¯arli(-un èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 22v

èi(ul(an buu èi(ul 35r

buyan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü 23r, 26v

èi(ul(an eyetübesü 31v

saran-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an 38r

qorin isün-e söni düli tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bügüde

ba yeke èi(ul(an buyu 38v

èi(ul(an-dur

èi(ul(an-dur ol¯a ol(a(ulu(èi (odun) 31r, 31v

èigerle-

èigerle

qabur namurun qu(us¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i

èigerle 59r

èigerlegül-

èigerlegülün

aliba sarayin noqai-dur ebedèin emleküy-[y]i èigerlegülün nomla¯uqui 56v

èiken

1596
WORD INDEX

èiken

èiken-dür èiken terigün ülü tegüsüm 52v

èiken-dür

èiken-dür èiken terigün ülü tegüsüm 52v

èila(u(n)

èila(u-tu

èa(an èila(u-tu bula( 22r

èila(un-aèa

qada èila(un-aèa modun (ar(an èidamu 32v

èime-

èimebesü

qota bal(asun èimebesü 34v

èime¯ü

èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 21v, 22r, 22r

debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r

šara-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü 23r

èa(an-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü 24r

sarad [=širad]-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü 24v

qubèad köke-ber èime¯ü 23v

qubèad èimeg-iyen èa(an-iyar èimejü 23v

bey-e-[y]i turši modun-iyar èime¯ü 30v

1597
WORD INDEX

èimeg

èimeg

modun èim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü 14r

èimeg ¯igüküi 46r

èimeg ¯igüküi amurling(ui üiles 61r

èimeg-iyen

qubèad èimeg-iyen èa(an-iyar èimejü 23v

èimeg-iyer

ula(an èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 21v

qara èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 22r

qad-un èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 22r

èina-

èina(san

èai èina(san 4v

èinadu

èinadu

modun-u èinadu ki¯a(ar-a ni(u¯u amui 22r

èinadus

èinadus-un

èinadus-un dayisun 22r

èinar

1598
WORD INDEX

èinar

(anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar 1v

(al èinar 21v

(al-un èinar 22v, 45v

usun-u èinar 22r, 45v

usun èinar 22v

modun èinar 23r

temür-ün èinar 23v

key-yin èinar 23v, 45v

široy-yin èinar 24r, 45v, 61r

èindamuni

[see under jindamuni]

èindarala-

èindaralamui

èo( neretü ebesün èindaralamui 16r

èinegen

èinegen

erekei-yin èinegen bey-e 39v

qulu(an-a-yin èinegen morin unu¯u 39v

èing

[see also under èeng]

1599
WORD INDEX

èing

èing böged ¯ögelen obo(-tan 61v

èingbatu

èingbatu

èingbatu obo(-tan 61r

èingge-

èinggeküi

na(addun èinggeküi 46r

èinggeldü-

èinggeldüküi

èinggeldüküi-dür

yeke na(adum èinggeldüküi-dür duratai bolumui 28v

èinggeldümüi

Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar èinggeldümüi 38v

èinggeldün

na(adun èinggeldün ¯ir(abasu 31r

èingle-

èinglemüi

dusul terigüten-i èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi 16r

èinglegüür

èinglegüür-iyer

1600
WORD INDEX

dusul terigüten-i èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi 16r

èinglegüür-ün

naran Èinglegüür-ün gertür oro(san 16r

èinu

èinu

aqui (a¯ar èinu qami(-a bui 32v

ai okin èi biy-e èinu öèüken bögetel-e 32v

èinu-a

èinu-a

erlig-ün èinu-a güikü na(šidar 28r

gara(-ud-un èinu-a 39v

èinu-a-yin

èinu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi 33r, 33v

èirai

èirai-tu

nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün 22r

köke èirai-du kümün 22r, 23v, 24v

èireg

[see under èerig]

Èista

Èista 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 53r,

1601
WORD INDEX

59r, 59v

Èista sar-a

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u terigün Èista sar-a 12r

Èista na(šidar 29v

o(tar(ui-dur Èista na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r

tngri-yin èi(ta(-a Èista buyu 34r

süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Èista [. . .] sayin 37v

Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v

Anurad Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu [. . .] Èista [. . .] sayin 48v

bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu. [. . .]

Èista [. . .] sayin 56v

Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig

abqui sayin 56v

Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui. ¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v

dörben belbesün odun kemebesü Kerteg Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan

kiged buyu 61r

Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin

obo(-tan buyu 61v

1602
WORD INDEX

èisun

èisun

qong keriy-e ugiyaqui èisun oromui 9r

èisun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu 17r

èisun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v

èo(

èo(

èo( neretü ebesün

èo( neretü ebesün èindaralamui 16r

èo(o[l](-a

èo(o[l](-a

èo(o[l](-a kibesü 42v

èo(tu

èo(tu

èo(tu edür

èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a bui 20r

arban qoyar sarayin èo(tu edür 47r

èo(tu yeke ¯a(an

èo(tu yeke ¯a(an-dur tariyan buu tari 33v

èo(tu yeke ¯a(an Mig buyu 34r

èoga

1603
WORD INDEX

èoga

luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü 22r

ugiyaqui èoga üiledbesü 31r

èoga kibesü 32r

èoga-yi

tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü 30v

èoga-yin

èoga-yin üile 45v

èola

èola

èola ögbesü 8r

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür 37r

qan kümün-eèe èola abubasu 47v

èöb

èöb-ün

èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara mör tögerekü 4r

èögebüri/¯ögebüri

èögebüri

qaškirqui èögebüri odun 59r

¯ögebüri

ula(an ¯ögebüri qaškiraqu 27v

1604
WORD INDEX

èögebüri-yin

miqaèi èögebüri-yin odun 59r

èögen

èögen

(a¯ar ködelbesü tngri šim[n]us èögen bolumui 32r

qoyar luu ¯iltü uru( èögen ügegüü bui 54v

qoyar noqai ¯iltü köbegün èögen keregürèi ma(u 54v

èöm

èöm

(a¯ar usun èöm gesümüi 9r

(a¯ar usun èöm amin nüke kürümüi 18r

ügeyiregülügèi qara edür kemebesü yeke qara edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge]

èöm tokiyaldumui 41v

èu

èu

odun na(šidar sayin bögesü qa(uèin-dur èu sayin 37v

èuèa(

èuèa(

èuèa( kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49v

èu(la(ul-

èu(la(ulbasu

1605
WORD INDEX

em èu(la(ulbasu 22r

èun

[see under èün]

èungla(ul-

èungla(ul

em buu èungla(ul 35r

èungla(ulbasu

em èungla(ulbasu 21v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 45v

em ¯asal èungla(ulbasu 35v

èuqa(

èuqa(

qur-a èuqa( (ang bolqu 17r

okin töröbesü uru( èuqa( 25r

mal adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa( 25r

ede eèüs beri bui ür-e èuqa( 52r

qoyar üker ¯iltü uru( èuqa( bayan sayin 54v

qoyar takiy-a ¯iltü köbegün uru( èuqa( bolu(ad keregürèi ma(u 54v

keriy-e kegübesü tariyan tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r

èuquyi-

èuquyiqui

èuquyiqui-dur

1606
WORD INDEX

šin-e nabèi èuquyiqui-dur šinelemüi 3r

èuu

èuu

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v

èuu aril(a(èi edür 35v

èün/èun

èün

èün ¯un

èün ¯un bolbasu 6r

èun

li èun

qoyitu on li èun 7r

daba-

daba(san

tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( 22v

dabqur

dabqur

dabqur ger baribasu 43v

dabqur seèig metü 59v

1607
WORD INDEX

dada

dada

dada qan kemekü edür mör (arbasu ma(u 49v

da(a-

da(a(san

eliy-e da(a(san kümün 22v

da(an

tegüni da(an üiledbesü 40r

da(a(ul-

da(a(ulbasu 53v

da(ulaèi

da(ulaèi

da(ulaèi önöèin odun 59r

da(un

da(un

eng terigün gšan kiged nige da(un kemekü qoyar ¯üil buyu 5r

eng terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar

nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu. tegün-lu(-a [=tegün-lüge] nigen

da(un (arqui inu saèu(u-yin tula 5r

nigen da(un (arumui 5r

tegüber ¯iran da(un nigen möèe 5r

1608
WORD INDEX

meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r

üge da(un bolqu 50r, 52v

üge da(un uèaram 52v

da(us-

da(usbasu

nara emüneši odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu nigen ¯il bolumui 5v

da(usqa-

da(usqabasu

ödter da(usqabasu 55v

dagini

dagini

Ba’jar dagini 49v

Radn-a dagini 49v

Badm-a dagini 49v

Garm-a dagini 49v

Buda dagini 49v

dagini-yin

Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün 3r

tabun dagini-yin mör (arqu edür-<y>i ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 49v

dala(n)

dalan

1609
WORD INDEX

qorin nasun-aèa önggerebesü dalan nasulayu 61v

dalai

dalai

matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r

dalai-dur

¯a(ur-a usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u 17r

dalal-

dalal

dalal(-a buu dalal 33v

dalalbasu

dalal(-a dalalbasu 22r, 24r, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r,

29v, 30r, 30r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 45r

ada(usun(-u) sür dalalbasu 31r, 46v

dalal(-a

dalal(-a

dalal(-a dalalbasu 22r, 24r, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r,

29v, 30r, 30r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 45r

dalal(-a buu dalal 33v

dalal(-a abubasu 29r

dalu(n)

dalun-dur

1610
WORD INDEX

dalun-dur maši sayin bolumui 52r

dan

dan-dur

dan-dur ucira(san beri kümün-ü yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r

dandris/dand’ris

dandris

Manjušari-aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v

burqan-u nomla(san sudur dand’ris kiged ilang(uy-a Èa(-un kürdün 2r

dandris-tur

Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris-dur nomlar-un 2r

dand’ris-tur nomlar-un 37v

darasun

darasun

nara Qumqan-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu

bolumui 8r

darasun iskebesü 23r, 23v

darasun idegen uèaram 50r

darasun idegen-dür uèiraqu 58r

darusun uu(ubasu 57r

daru-

darubasu

1611
WORD INDEX

dayisun darubasu 21v

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi ¯irubasu darubasu 27v

dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur bièi¯ü yabuqu mör-dür

talbi¯u ¯egün köl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu 24r

èidköd-i darubasu 26r, 27r

üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu 48v

öèügüked-ün eliy-e(-yi) darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v, 31v

eliy-e(-yi) darubasu 29r, 32r, 41r

daru(ad

dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bièi¯ü (al-dur tüleged isün adqu

široi isün aya(-a usun-iyar sönöge¯ü daru(ad suu ¯ali-yu(an takiju

örön-e ¯üg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 22r

dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e-yi ¯iru¯u(aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dürü¯ü usun-dur

daru(ad örön-e ¯üg èereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 23r

dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-yi bièi¯ü dolo(an alqu (a¯ar-a isün

doboèa( široi door-a daru(ad 23v

dayisun-i daru(ad 25v

daruqu

dayisun(-i) daruqu üiles 23v, 26r, 29r, 31r, 42v

dayisun-i daruqu 45r

èidköd-i daruqu 45r

1612
WORD INDEX

nigen em-e isün er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r

daruqui

dayisun-i daruqui üiles 46r

daruyu

dayisun-i daruyu 22r, 22r, 23r, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24r, 24v, 24v, 29r

dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 22r

bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu tere daruyu 22v

daru(èi

daru(èi

nigen kümün ki¯a(ar dayisun daru(èi odun 59r

daru(da(èi

daru(da(èi

ila(un daru(da(èi odun 59r

daru(ul-

daru(ul

èidköd-<y>i buu daru(ul 34v

daru(ulqu

adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v

daru(ulqui-yin

daru(ulqui-yin

daru(ulqui-yin üiles 35v

1613
WORD INDEX

darui

darui

darui oldayu 28v

qa(an sonosu(ad uridu yosu(ar darui takil-<y>i beledèü 32v

darui-dur

dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 22r

darui-dur eribesü oldayu 30v

dalal(-a dalalbasu darui-dur qoor qomsa boluyu 34r

qur-a orobasu darui-tur oroqu 61v

dayan

[see under diyan]

dayang

dayang

dayang kemekü edür mör (arbasu ma(u 49v

dayisun

dayisun

èisun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu 17r

dayisun darubasu 21v

dayisun daruqu üiles 31r

dayisun esergü ire- 22r, 24r, 24v

köbegün töröbesü dayisun olan bolu(ad 28v

1614
WORD INDEX

ese sana(san (ajar-aèa dayisun bolqu 42v

dayisun ¯ol(aqu 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v

dayisun uèaraqu 49v

dayisun bolqu 50v

nigen kümün ki¯a(ar dayisun daru(èi odun 59r

dayisun-a

dayisun-a ¯ol(a- 34v, 50v, 60v

dayisun-dur

èinadus-un dayisun-dur odbasu 22r

dayisun-dur ¯ol(o-/¯ol(a- 27r, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 34v, 49v, 50v

dayisun-i

dayisun-i esergü ireküi-tür 21v, 23r, 23v

dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 21v

dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r

dayisun-i daru- 22r, 22r, 23r, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25v, 29r,

45r, 46r

dayisun-i daruqu üiles 23v, 26r, 29r, 42v

dayisun-i kesegeküi mandal egüdbesü 31v

dayisun-i qari(ulun èidamu 32v

dayisun-lu(-a

dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu 29v, 32r

1615
WORD INDEX

dayisun-lu(-a buu (adquldu 34r

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin 48v

dayisun-u

dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v

dayisun-u noyan 23r

dayisun-u ner-e-yi bièibesü sayin 27r

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi ¯irubasu 27v, 32r

dayisun-u qariyal qari(ulbasu 27v

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal abubasu 27v

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ayul bolqu 46r

Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v

dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i quriyaqui 61v

dayiwang

dayiwang tayiqu

dayiwang tayiqu 53r

beri-yin dörben šilmus kemebesü dayiwang dayiqu šitügen eke.

lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52r

deb

deb-dür

qoyar deb-dür edür söni saèu(uu bolu(san 6r

tere èa(-tur qoyar deb-dür edür söni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r

1616
WORD INDEX

debel

debel

šin-e debel emüs- 4v, 21v, 28v, 56r

debil [=debel] emüsküi 46r

èa(an debel emüsügsen 4v

èereg-ün noyan ula(an debel emüsèü 21v

debel ba ger ed'kebesü 35r

debel ed'kebesü 22v, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r,

28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36r,

36r, 36v, 37r, 46v

debel eskebesü 23v, 25r, 29r, 30r

debel eskeküi 55v

šin-e debel abubasu 25r

debel ed'kebesü emüsbesü 31r

šin-e debel ¯okiyabasu 32r

debel tülebesü 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r

debil x 58r

debel qulu(an-a qa¯abasu 57r

debel tülebesü qa¯ibasu 58r, 58r

debel qayabasu 58r

šin-e debel buu eske buu emüs 34r

1617
WORD INDEX

ula(an debel buu ed’ke buu emüs 34r

ula(an altatu debel buu emüs buu ed'ke 34v

eriyen debel buu ed'ke. buu emüs 34v

no(o(an debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 34v, 35v

qa(uèin debel buu tan-a 34v

qara debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 34v, 35r

qas debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r

šara debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r

ala( debel buu ed’ke buu emüs 35r

èa(an debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r

debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r

beri-yin maqabud-un öngge-yin debel emüsteküi 52r

debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin 55v

debel emüskü sayin edür 56r

debel-tü

ula(an debeltü kümün 4v

öèim ula(an debeltü 22v

nökögesün debeltü köke èarai-du ba nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün 22r

debisker

debisker

ala( debisker

1618
WORD INDEX

tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v

ala( debeskir bui 43r

dörbel¯in qara debisker

gara( ideši erikü edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v

dörbeljin qara debesker ene bui 44r

debür

debür

debür büribesü 42r

degde-

degde¯ü

salbarun ¯ul¯a(an degde¯ü nisümüi 12r

šir(ol¯i terigüten amitan degde¯ü o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r

deged

deged doorad ügülegèi em-e kümün 22r

degedü

degedü medekü-yin nigülesküi usun bari(èid 1v

degedü amu(ulang 38r

degedü amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(èid 1v

degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal 3r

degedü merged-ün ta(alal 4r

degedü töröl 22r, 29r, 30r

1619
WORD INDEX

degedü Uma neretü (adasun 32v

degedü šidi olqu 38r

degedü qa(an 39v

degedü beri 52r

degedüs

degedüs-ün

ma(ad degedüs-ün ¯erge-dür oroqu 24r

degedüs-i

degedüs-<y>i kündülebesü 30r, 34r

degedüs-<y>i takiqui 61r

degegši

degegši qandu(san erdeni 44v

degelbür [n. felt covering of the upper part of a ger];

degelbür talbibasu 46v

deger-e

deger-e 38v, 47v, 58r

dalai deger-e19r

degerem/degerm-e

degerem

degerem qula(ayièi 4v

degerem qula(ai yabubasu 34r

1620
WORD INDEX

degerme/degerm-e

degerme odbasu 29v

degerm-e odbasu 35r

èireg degerm-e odbasu 31r

èirig degerm-e kiged do(šin üiles 40r

degirm-e [=degerm-e] qula(ai odqui ba buliyan qula(ay-u [=yin] üiles 46r

degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui 61v

degerem-e

degerem-e odbasu 25v

degeremeèi

degeremeèi

albin-u degeremeèi odun 59r

degerükei

degerükei sedkilten 28v

degür-

degürkü

sar-a-yi ali na(šidar inu ekilekü degürkü ba. bara(daqui medekü kereg 4v

degürküi

sara degürküi bara(daqui-yi medegdeküi 4r

degürümüi

bey-e inu (urban tib-i degürümüi 55r

1621
WORD INDEX

degüreng

degüreng

degüreng sang mör (arbasu sayin 49r

degüü

degüü 51v, 51v

aqa degüü 26r

aqa degüü qoyar 25v, 26r, 30r

deled-

deledbesü

bal(asun deledbesü 25v, 34r, 35r

šarid deledbesü 28v, 30r

èang kenggerge deledbesü 28v, 34v, 35r

küriy-e deledbesü 31v

qota deledbesü 32r

sasa deledbesü 42r

delgere-

delgereged

ür-e sadun delgereged 52v

delgerekü

buyan kešig delgerekü 46v

ür-e mal delgerekü sayin 52r

1622
WORD INDEX

köbegün aèinar delgerekü 57v

delgereküi

delgereküi uèaral 45v

delgereküi-yin

delgereküi-yin uèaral 45v

amurling(ui delgereküi-yin erke-yin üiles 46r

delgeremüi

èièig delgeremüi 11r, 13r

¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi 15r

delgereyü

rašiyan-u uèaral-iyar amin nasun delgereyü 45v

delgeregül-

delgeregülbesü

medegèid uqa(èid qamu( amitan-a delgeregülbesü 47v

delgeregülkü

amin nasun bütügeküi delgeregülkü èoga-yin üile 45v

delgerenggüi

delgerenggüi

to(an-u aè'i ür-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggüi 1v

ding

ding 52r

1623
WORD INDEX

ding šim

ding šim yile 7v

ding šim edür 7v

ding taulai

ding taulai sara 7v

ding taulai èa( 7v

ding mo(ai

ding mo(ai sara 7v

ding mo(ai èa( 7v

ding qonin

ding qonin sara 7v

ding qonin èa( 7v

ding takiy-a

ding takiy-a sara 7v

ding takiy-a èa( 7v

ding (aqai

ding (aqai sara 7v

ding (aqai èa( 7v

ding üker

ding üker sara 7v

ding üker èa( 7v

1624
WORD INDEX

bing ding 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v

ding to(ta(èi edür 36r

diyan/dayan

diyan-u

diyan-u üile üiledbesü 31r

dayan-u

öber-ün dayan-u küèün yeke bögesü ber em-e köbegün kiged. ed

ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

doboèa(

doboèa(

isün doboèa( široi door-a daru(ad 23v

dobtul-

dobtul

morin buu dobtul 33v, 34r

dobtulbasu

morin dobtulbasu 22v, 23v, 30v, 31v, 35r

do(alang

do(alang

do(alang eremdeg kümün 23v

1625
WORD INDEX

do(olang yerimdeg [=¯erimdeg] a(sad (a¯ar 24r

do(šid

do(šid-un

do(šid-un üile(s) 25r, 28r, 29r, 30v, 32r, 34v, 35v

do(šid-un sedkil (angqui na(šidar 29v

do(šid-un tarni uribasu 34v

do(šin

do(šin

do(šin edürün

do(šin edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r

baling do(šin

baling do(šin güikü edür

baling do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul

bui 20v

saran-lu(-a edür qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un ideši

ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin 39v

baling do(šin qami(-a 40r, 41r

do(šin üile(s) 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 41v, 45r, 61v

aliba do(šin qata(uu üiles 45r

do(šin gara( 43r

'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un

1626
WORD INDEX

èinar bui. do(šin gara( kememüi 22v

ginggang kemebesü nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( 42v

gara(-ud-un do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v

do(šin qariyal kikü 42v

do(šin kereg kibesü 45r

Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin

obo(-tan buyu 61v

köbegün töröbesü qata(uu do(šin aburitu 61v

do(šin-u

tere maši qata(uu do(šin-u tulada. ¯ayila(daqui 43r

doki-

dokin

modun möèir-iyer dokin (adquldubasu 24v

dolo(an

dolo(an 56v

dolo(an qubi-tu modun

nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür

düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü 6r

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r

nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r

1627
WORD INDEX

dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i medegdeküi tegüsbe 6r

Dolo(an (sar-a) 14r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 56v, 60r, 60v

Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an sar-a 14r

dolo(an (gara() (odun)

qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u

uèaral-un sayin ma(u-[y]i üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r

dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui 24v

dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü

kürdün 50v

dolo(an odun 59v

dolo(an ba ese bögesü isün qono(-tu oldayu 23r

dolo(an edür-e oldayu 27r, 29v

dolo(an edür-dü oldayu 29v

dolo(an edür oldayu 31r

ene dolo(an edür (a¯ar köndebesü gemügei 58v

dolo(an alqu (a¯ar-a 23v

dolo(an kümün 29r

adu(usun ¯ibqarabasu doron-a ¯üg-ün dolo(an kümün qula(u¯u

amu 27r

dolo(an na(šidar

1628
WORD INDEX

doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r

emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un dolo(an na(šidar anu tegüsbe 29r

örön-e ¯üg-ün altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegüsbe 31r

umara ¯üg-ün usun-u dolo(an na(šidar tegüsbe 32r

Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan ede

dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar 45v

Kerteg Barani Šuša(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede

dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v

Ašivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari

ede dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v

dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a-dur sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v

dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu]tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u

uèaral bolumui 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui 45r

šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür 45r

dolo(an dolo(an isün isün-e ma(u 53r

dolo(an öl¯eyitü bayan odun 59r

1629
WORD INDEX

dolo(an šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 37v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 50v, 50v

¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi 8r

šinein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r

arban dolo(an 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v

qorin dolo(an 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r

döèin dolo(an

döèin dolo(an on-du saban ügei bögesü uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i

tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v

dolo(an ¯a(un qorin

dolo(an ¯a(un qorin èa( bui 33r

dolo(an-a 56r

dörben dumdadu sarayin (urban dolo(an-a èi(ulumui 38r

yerü (urban dolo(an-a beri buu ab 51v

arban dolo(an-a 39r, 39r, 44v, 44v, 56r

qorin dolo(an-a 39v, 56r/qorin dolon-a 39r/qorin dolo(-a 53r

qorin dolo(an-a saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u belgelemüi 18r

dolo(an-u

1630
WORD INDEX

döèin dolo(an-u

saban sara-yi oriši(ulqui ar(-a kemebesü önggeregsen döèin

dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bögesü tere sara edüge irekü

on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v

dolo(anta/dolo(ata

dolo(anta/dolo(ata

dolo(anta qa[š]k[i]rèu 21v

¯egün köl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu 24r

dolon-a

[see under dolo(an-a]

dong(od-

dong(oddumui

Luu sara mön-ü tula. belge inu a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r

¯a(ur-a kökeg[e] šiba(un dong(oddumui 11r

èarèa(-a qošiyalan dong(oddumui 14r

door-a

door-a

Saran odun kemebesü door-a luus-un qad-un gara( büküi 22r

isün doboèa( široi door-a daru(ad 23v

modun-u door-a ni(u¯u 23v, 24v

a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(èi odun ali bui 32v

1631
WORD INDEX

door-a to(ori(èi arban qoyar sara-dur nigen ¯il 32v

arban tabun odun bügüde door-a to(orimui 33r

doorad

doorad

deged doorad ügüle-

deged doorad ügülegèi em-e kümün 22r

dooridu

dooridu

dooridu ma(u kümün 5r

dorm-a/rdovarm-a/rdovarma/rdovrma/dovrm-a

dorm-a

dorm-a a(urbasu 23v, 27v

dorm-a o(orbasu 29v, 31v

dovrm-a

dovrm-a duvngli

dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu 41r

rdovrma

rdovrma duvngli

rdovrma duvngli kibesü 47r

rdovarm-a

rdovarm-a a(urbasu 35v

1632
WORD INDEX

rdovarma

rdovarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r

yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu 55v

doro(ši

doro(ši

doro(ši qandu(san (adusun 39r

naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san

(adusun bui 20r

doro(ši qandu(san erdini

ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui 20r

doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 45r

šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r

doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a

qariqui edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r

doro(ši qandu(san qara sara

tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge doro(ši qandu(san qara

sara bui 20v

doro(ši qandu(san jindamuni 45r

doron-a/dörön-e/dorona

doron-a 8r, 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9r, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v,

9v, 10r, 10r, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

1633
WORD INDEX

12v, 13r, 13v, 13v,13v, 13v, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17r,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18r, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19r, 19v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 50r, 50r, 54r, 54r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 58v

dörön-e 13v, 40r

dorona 60v

doron-a emün-e 8r, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 12v, 13v, 15r, 16r, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19r, 30v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 55r

doron-a umara 10r, 13v, 14r, 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v

dörön-e umara 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v

umara doron-a 8v, 8v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 24v, 40r, 40r, 40v, 54r

umara dörön-e 40r

doron-a örön-e 18v

örön-e doron-a 33v

doron-a ¯üg 23r, 24v, 25v, 27r, 27r, 27r, 28v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v

doron-a emün-e ¯üg 25r

doron-a-aèa

doron-a-aèa örön-e ¯üg güimüi 42r

1634
WORD INDEX

doron-a-yin

örön-e doron-a-yin èi(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r

doroyita(ul-

doroyita(ulqui

busud-<y>i doroyita(ulqui üiles 46r

doto(adu

doto(adu

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v

doto(adu ordo mör (arbasu sayin 49r

dotor

dotor-a

usun-u dotor-a ¯i(asun güimui 8r

qurim dotor-a kešig tasulqu na(šidar 28r

ger dotor-a 36r, 57v

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v

do(šin gara(-un dotor-a oroši¯u 43r

dotor-aèa

tere dotoraèa 2r

dovrm-a

[see under dorm-a]

döèin

1635
WORD INDEX

döèin

döèin dolo(an

önggeregsen döèin dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bögesü tere

sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v

döèin dolo(an on-du saban ügei bögesü uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i

tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v

dörbel¯in

dörbel¯in

gara( ideši erikü edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v

(a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in

bui 20v

belge inu dörbeljin qara debesker ene bui 44r

belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in 44r

dörbel¯in küri odun 59r

dörben

dörben 27r, 38r, 39v

nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( tasuraqui 3v

nigen èa(tur naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r

qulu(an-a èa(-un uridu dörben möèe mön edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

qoyitu dörben möèi mana(ar-un edür-dü (ada(adu bui 6v

dörben šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14r, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

1636
WORD INDEX

19v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v

šinein dörben 44v

arban dörben 3v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

38r, 39v, 40v, 40v, 41v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56v

qorin dörben 6r, 6v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19r, 19v, 39v, 41v, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 55v

(uèin dörben 8r, 12r, 14r, 18r

Dörben sar-a 11r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

Mong(ol-dur. Dörben sar-a 11r

dörben kümün 27r, 31r

dörben odun 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 61r

dörben odun-u düri inu jindamuni metü bui 28v

dörben odun-u düri a(ula metü 29r

dörben odun-u düri inu segül metü bui 30r

dörben odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v

dörben odun-u düri vaèir metü bui 31r

dörben ekin sara 38r

dörben terigün sara 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r

dörben dumdadu sara 38r, 41v, 48r, 49r

dörben dumda sara 48v

1637
WORD INDEX

dörben eèüs sara 38r, 41v, 48r, 48v, 49r

qoyar sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a söni düli dörben èa(-iyan-iyar

küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

dörben šimnus-ud 38v

dörben maqabud

dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar

¯okiyasu(ai 45r

qulu(an-a üker-lu(-a Nara Saran 'al Široi ede dörben odun uèarabasu

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ayul bolqu 46r

dörben dörben ma(u 48v

dörben ¯obkis 54r, 54r

dörben ¯obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v

beri-yin dörben šilmus 52r

qa(aèiltu dörben edür anu 59r

dörben èa(-un a(ur oroqu-yin uridu nigen edür bolai 59v

dörben ür-e tasura(san odun kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar. Abaji Barani

qoyar buyu 61r

dörben tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i

qoyar 61r

dörben belbesün odun kemebesü Kerteg Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan

kiged buyu 61r

1638
WORD INDEX

Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan

buyu 61r

Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun

èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r

Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin

obo(-tan buyu 61v

dörben terigün odun-dur adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v

dörben eèüs odun-dur qutu( ülü oroši(ulqu bui 61v

dörben ba

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu qoyarba dörben ba ba(ura(san bandi bombo qoyar-un

nigen köbegün oroldun qula(uyu 24v

dörben-e 38r, 55v, 56r

arban dörben-e 19r, 43r, 56r

qorin dörben-e 8r, 15r, 43r, 56r

dörben-eèe

arban sarayin arban dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e 38v

dörben-tü

önör dörben-dü kümün 24v

dötüger

dötüger

dötüger arban qoyar ¯ilün sayin ma(u-yi ügülesügei 34r

1639
WORD INDEX

dula(an

dula(an

arban dörben-e èasu ese orobasu ebül dula(an bolqu 19r

dula(an-u

(a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur öèüken oromui 8r

(a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r

(a¯ar-dur dula(an-u tegši oromui 10r

dumda

dumda 53r, 56v, 61v

tere gara( tegüs inu sayin. meküs inu dumda 24v

önüèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar bui 27r

dumda büküi-yi to(orin yabu(èi odun 32v

Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a Taulai edür dumda amui 42r

(urban sayin (urban dumda. (urban eèüs 46r

Usun Modun Altan ede edüd sayin. Saran odun dumda 'al Široi odun

èirig-eèe busud-dur ma(u 48v

süèing kemekü edür mör (arbasu dumda 49v

gem-ügei dumda 49v, 49v, 49v

dumda sayin 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 52v, 52v, 54r

meküs dumda 52v

ede dumda beri bui. okin törömüi 52r

1640
WORD INDEX

dumdadu

dumdadu

qaburun dumdadu sara 4r

Èa(-un kürdün-dür qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 3r, 10r

tariyaèin-dur qaburun dumdadu sara 8r

qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur qaburun dumdadu sara 9r

Qulu(an-a Morin ¯il-e qaburun dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r

¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 4r

tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r

qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 12r

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 13r

Taulai Takiy-a ¯il-e ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r

namurun dumdadu sara 4r, 56v

tariyaèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun dumdadu Ašivani

sara 16r

namurun dumdadu ügegüregülegèi 41r

ebülün dumdadu sara 4r, 5v

tariyaèin-dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 17r

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 18r

1641
WORD INDEX

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r

ebülün dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara bui 41r

Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( 24r

dörben dumdadu sara 38r, 48r, 48v

dörben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-i qara 41r

dörben dumdadu sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r

dumda(ur

dumda(ur-a

yeke öèüken odun bügüde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v

dumda(ur-iyar

Sümber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ekilen qorin

naiman odun 32v

dungli/duvngli

dungli

dungli (ar(abasu 22r

rdovarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r

duvngli

dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu 41r

rdovrma duvngli kibesü 47r

durala-

durala¯u

1642
WORD INDEX

toyin bolbasu ša(šabad-iyan alda(ad nököd ülü ¯okildun qadquldu(ad

šabinar üge-dür durala¯u 27r

duratai

duratai

erdem bilig kiged nom-un ¯üil-dür duratai buyu 25v

köbegün töröbesü taèiyang(ui yeke na(adum èinggeldüküi-dür

duratai bolumui 28v

dusul

dusul

bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki-yi to(ala¯u (urban ¯a(un

¯iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5v

nigen qubi-dur nigen dusul 5v

yirtinèü-deki dusul terigüten-i èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi 16r

ginggang güikü edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v

belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 43r

baling do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v

belge inu nigen ula(an dusul bui 40r

öèüken qara edürün belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v

belge ene qara dusul 41v

qo(osun edürün belge (urban qara dusul bui 20v

belge inu (urban qara dusul ene bui 46v

1643
WORD INDEX

(uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v

belge inu ala( dusul bui 43v

dusul-iyar

dusul-iyar to(alaqui 5r

duta(uu

duta(uu

gara( ba edür-ün ilegüü duta(uu 2r

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui üiles ügegüü duta(uu bol(a(èi (odun) 33v, 33v

duvngli

[see under dungli]

dügürügèi

dügürügèi

mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen

ungšimui 35v

man dügürügèi edür 36r

Dülb-a

Dülb-a-yin

Dülb-a-yin yosu 3v

düli

düli

1644
WORD INDEX

nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an

qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü dolo(an qubi-du

modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r

nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli dolo(an

qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r

edür düli 24v, 39r, 39r, 40r

èerig mordobasu edür düli morda 23r

söni düli 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r

edür söni düli 42r, 42v, 42v

Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai Šuša( Anurad Udarisad Abaji Širvan

Tanis Ašivani ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin: Ardar Mig ma(u.

busu odun düli bui 56r

düli-dür

edür düli-dür qarimui 39r

düli-eèe

edür düli-eèe söni kürtel-e èi(ulumui 38v

düli-yin

èereg mordobasu söni düli-yin urida morda 24r

(urban sarayin qorin qoyar-a söni-yin düli-yin urida dörben šimnus-ud

ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

düng¯i

1645
WORD INDEX

düng¯i

nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür 6r

basa düng¯i bolbasu ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe qoyin-a edür ulam

urtudumui 6r

düri

düri

¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu üsün düyilü(èi tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r

tabun odun-u düri inu tergen-ü kürdün metü bui 25v

(urban odun-u düri inü görögesün-ü terigün metü bui 26r

isün odun-u düri inu. kirüge-metü bui 26r

(urban odun-u düri inu. tul(-a-yin modun metü bui 26v

(urban odun düri inu kir(a(ul metü bui 27r

¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu mo(ay-yin terigün metü bui 27r

¯ir(u(an odun düri inu qoši(u metü bui 27v

qoyar odun-u düri inu qulu(an-a metü bui 27v

qoyar odun-u düri inu ildün metü bui 28r

tabun odun-u düri inu (ar metü bui 28r

nigen odun-u düri inu bata metü bui 28v

dörben odun-u düri inu jindamuni metü bui 28v

dörben odun-u düri a(ula metü 29r

¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui 29v

1646
WORD INDEX

(urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan metü bui 29v

(urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün metü bui 30r

dörben odun-u düri inu segül metü bui 30r

tabun odun-u düri inu ¯a(an metü bui 30v

dörben odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v

(urban odun[-u] düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui 31r

dörben odun-u düri vaèir metü bui 31r

qoyar odun-u düri inu ürgül¯i seèig metü bui 31r

qoyar odun-u düri inu tergen metü bui 31v

qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v

(uèin qoyar odun düri inu ong(uèa metü bui 31v

(urban odun[-u] düri inu morin terigün metü bui 32r

(urban odun-u düri inu lingquu-a metü bui 32r

na(šidar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a bui düri ba maqabud ene bui 59v

dürü-

dürü¯ü

dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan-u ner-e bièi¯ü yama(an-u eber-dü dürü¯ü 21v

dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e-yi ¯iru¯u (aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dürü¯ü usun-dur

daru(ad örön-e ¯üg èereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 23r

düyilü(èi

düyilü(èi

1647
WORD INDEX

üsün düyilü(èi tong(ori( 25r

ebde-

ebdebesü

qa(uèin ger ebdebesü 36r

ebdekü

toyin bolbasu ša(šabad-iyan ebdekü 29v

ebdegèi

ebdegèi 35v

ebdegèi edür

ebdegèi edürün belge inu qada(ur bui 20v

pô ebdegèi. edür 36r

yirti[n]èü-yi ebdegèi qara orong(-a bari¯u 39v

ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v

ebdere-

ebderegsen

ebderegsen ger buu selbi 34v

ebderekü 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v

1648
WORD INDEX

buyan kešig ebderekü 21v

gara( tegüs inu sayin. meküs inu dumda ebderekü ba(uram qoyar-du

aliba üiles ülü üiledkü 24v

ebderemü

(a¯ar ködelbesü ar(-a beligten [=biligten] öber ¯a(uraban ebderemü 31v

ebderemüi

(a¯ar ködelbesü a(ula ebderemüi 29v

ebdereyü

törö buu bari. baribasu ebdereyü 34v

ebderegülügèi

ebderegülügèi

buyan kešig ebderegülügèi Burvasad buyu 34r

ebedèin

ebedèin

kümün-dür ebedèin bolu(ad 15r

köbegün töröbesü ebedèinügei nasun urtu bolqu 32r

luus-un qad-un ebedèin kürteyü 34v

ebedèin bari(ulbasu 35v

ebedèin baribasu 37r

ebedèin kürtebesü ana(aquy-a berke 40r

ebedèin kürtebesü edegeküy-e berke 42v

1649
WORD INDEX

ebedèin ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r

ebedèin emle- 28r, 56v, 61r

ebedèin taqul bolqu 57v, 57v

ebedèin bolumui 58r

ebedèin-dü

ebedèin-dü uèaraqu 50r

ebedèin-dür

ebedèin-dür uèaraqu 50r

ebedèin-i

otaèi-yi erin ebedèin-i ü¯igülbesü 36r

ebedèin-i ¯asabasu 36v

ebedèin-ü

ebedèin-ü kümün saki(ulsun üiledbesü 28v

ebedèitü

ebedèitü bolumui 28v

eber

eber

bu(u-yin eber ur(umui 12r

orong(u-yin eber 60r

eber-tü

yama(an-u eber-dü dürü¯ü 21v

1650
WORD INDEX

eber-ün

bu(u-yin eber-ün a(ui odun 59r

ebesü(n)

ebesü

tariyaèin-u ebesü tegüküi èa( 12r

ebesün

èo( neretü ebesün èindaralamui 16r

ebesün qubaraqui èa( 16r

ebesün èiddlan idemüi 19r

tariyan-u ebesün tegübesü 30v, 42r

ebesün-eèe

üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r

ebesün-ü

Mig sara ebesün-ü ündüsün kökemüi 2r

ebügen

ebügen

ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür ötegüü ebügen emegen buu od 27r

eremdeg ebügen 31r

ebül

ebül

èasu ese orobasu ebül dula(an bolqu 19r

1651
WORD INDEX

ebül-ün

ebülün nara ba(uqu

ebülün nara ba(uqu edür

Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin

yosu(ar Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara

ba(uqu edür šinelemüi 3r

ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r

ebülün nara bayiqu 6r

ebülün terigün sara

tariyaèin-dur ebülün terigün sara 16r

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün terigün sar-a 17r

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün terigün Margišar

sar-a 18r

ebülün terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r

ebülün dumdadu sara 4r, 5v

tariyaèin-dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 17r

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün dumdadu sar-a 18r

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r

ebülün dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara bui 41r

ebülün eèüs sara

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün eèüs Mig sara 8r

1652
WORD INDEX

tariyaèin-dur ebülün eèüs sar-a 18r

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ebülün eèüs sar-a 19r

ebülün eèüs ügeyir[e]gülügèi sara bui 41r

ebülün (urban sara 42r, 55r

ebülün (urban sarada Üker Mo(ai Noqai èa( qara bolumui 42r

qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i

èigerle 59r

eèige

eèige

köbegün töröbesü eèige inu üküyü 29v

eèige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v

ni(un töröbesü do(šin gara(-un dotor-a oroši¯u eèige eke-yu(an [=yügen]

¯arumui 43r

ede sarada eèige eke-de ma(u 51r, 51r

eèige eke degüü amidu bögesü mön tegün-dü ma(u 51v

ed

ed

ed mal adu(usun

ed mal (ada(ši ögbesü 18r, 41v

ed mal ögbesü 31v, 36v

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r,

1653
WORD INDEX

29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v

ed ada(usun ¯ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 29r

ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

ed mal ada(usun ögbesü 24v

ed adu(usun neme¯ü 25v

ed adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v

ed mal abubasu 27v, 30r, 31r

ed mal ögbesü abubasu 43v

ed mal olqu 50r

ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v

ed mal qorom¯i bolqu 56r

ed mal ülü (ar(amui 60v

ed tavar

ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r

ed tavar olqu 46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r

ed tavar ügületel-e ¯a(un amin-dur kürümüi 47v

ed tavar uèaraqu 50r, 50r

tavar ed yekede olqu 50r

ed tavar yekede olqu 50r, 50r

ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu 57r

1654
WORD INDEX

ed ¯ibqarabasu 23r, 23v

ed bütügebesü 23v

ed idegen oldayu 45v

ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r

ed a(urasun nemekü sayin 46v

ed oldaqu bayasqulang 50r

ed oldaqu sayin 50r

ed olqu 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r

ed baraqu 50r

ed idegen olqu 56v

ed bara(daqu 59v

ede(n)

ede 5r, 35v, 36r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38v, 39r,

39r, 39v, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v,

48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51v, 51v, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52v, 53r,

53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 54v, 55r, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v,

56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 60r, 60r, 60r

ede-dür

Naran 'al Široi ede-dür adu(usun-dur qoor qorom¯i yeke boluyu 38r

1655
WORD INDEX

ede-yi

ede-[y]i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52r

eden 48r, 55v, 56r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v,

61v, 61v, 61v

yerü ede to(-a to(alaqui 4r

eden-e 38r

Naran 'al Široi eden-e ma(u bui 37v

eden-i

eden-i sudulju 4r

edegeküy-e

edegeküy-e

ebedèin kürtebesü edegeküy-e berke 42v

edeger

edeger

edeger negegemel kemekü edür 60v

edke-/ed’ke-

edke

buu ed’ke 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v

ula(an debel buu ed’ke buu emüs.34r

edkebesü

ger ed'kebesü 22v, 28v

1656
WORD INDEX

debel ed'kebesü 22v, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v,

29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36r, 36r,

36r, 37r, 46v

debel ba ger ed'kebesü 35r

edüd

edüd 38r, 38v, 39r, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48v, 50v, 50v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 61v

edüd-tü 46v, 60r

edüd-tür

edüd-dür 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 42r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 46v, 47v, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r

edüge

edüge 7r, 50v

tere sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v

edüged

edüged-ün

edüged-ün nigen on (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bol(a¯u 6v

edügüi

edügüy-e

nara ur(u(-a edügüi-e arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a 6v

edüi

edüi 1v

1657
WORD INDEX

edür

edür 4v, 31r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 50v, 53v, 54v, 55r, 58v, 59v, 61r, 61v, 61v

Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür 2v

edür söni 2v

edür söni saèu(uu bol- 5v, 6r

edür söni qubi saèu(u bol- 10r, 16r

edür söni-yin a(ur 5v

edür söni qoyar-yi ulam ne¯iged ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü 5v

ba(uraqu-bar edür söni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v

edür söni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r

edür söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r

naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu 6r

ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi 3r

edür ülü tasuraqu 3v

edür qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v

edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u to(alaqui 5r

edür arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v

edür ¯ir(u(an èa( söni ¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u 5v

nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür 6r

edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui 6r

nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür 6r

1658
WORD INDEX

nigen edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu 6r

ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe qoyin-a edür ulam urtudumui 6r

¯ir(u(an edür (inu) ülemüi 6v, 6v, 6v

(uèin ¯ir(u(an edür bolumui 6v

¯a gi edür 7v

ii keng edür 7v

bing šin edür 7v

ding šim edür 7v

uu küi edür 7v

edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r

edür qorin naiman qubi söni (uèin qoyar qubi 9r, 17r

edür (uèin qoyar qubi. söni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r

edür (uèin dörben qubi. söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r

edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi. söni qorin dörben qubi 13r

edür qorin dörben qubi. söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r

luu edür 8r, 13r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 48v, 50r, 57v, 58v

mo(ai edür 8r, 8r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 48r, 48v,

48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 57v

qulu(an-a edür 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 34r, 42r, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v,

53v, 57r, 58v

üker edür 9r, 10r, 10r, 16r, 19r, 34r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 46v,

1659
WORD INDEX

48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 55v, 57r, 58v

üker kemebesü yeke kölge-yi orèi(ulqu edür buyu 34v

Baras edür 2r, 9r, 13r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 48v, 48v, 48v,

50r, 57r

taulai edür 9r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r, 46v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v,

56r, 57r, 58v

takiy-a edür 9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 46v, 48r, 48v,

50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 56r, 56r, 58r, 58v, 60v

noqai edür 10r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r,

55v, 58r, 58r, 58v

(aqai edür 10r , 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 35v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 50r, 53r, 55v, 58r,

60r

morin edür 10r, 14r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53r,

53v, 55v, 57v, 58v, 60r

qonin edür 11r, 16r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 46v, 46v, 48v, 50r,

51r, 55v, 56r, 57v, 58v

beèin edür 11r, 11r, 15r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 50r, 51r, 53r,

58r

nigen edür 22r

edür düli 24v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r

èereg mordobasu edür düli morda 23r

1660
WORD INDEX

ükükü edür 27v

nigen ¯il-dür (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bui 33r

ügegürekü ma(u edür bui 34v

öl¯i qutu(tu edür 34v

¯an e¯ilegèi edür 35v

èuu aril(a(èi edür 35v

man dügürügèi edür 36r

ping tübšidkegèi edür 36r

ding to(ta(èi edür 36r

saki(èi edür 36r

pô ebdegèi edür 36r

üi tü[g]šigèi edür 36v

èeng bütügèi edür 36v

šib quriya(èi edür 36v

ke negegèi edür 36v

bi qa(a(èi edür 37r

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür 37r

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür 37r

süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür 37r

süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v

süm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas

1661
WORD INDEX

keyiküi sayin edür 37v

saran-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an 38r

èi(ulqui edür 38r

sara-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r

luus-un qad-un qariqui edür 39v

saran-lu(-a edür qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin

¯arudasun baling do(šin 39v

¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r

öèüken edür 41v

yeke qara edür 41v

ügeyiregülügèi qara edür 41v

bütükü edür 42r

ba(uqu edür 43r, 43r

tngri šilmus (adqulduqui edür 43r

ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v

(uyirinèi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edür 43v

(a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui 45r

šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür 45r

Maqagala ba(uqu edür 46v

Okin tngri ba(uqu edür 47r

1662
WORD INDEX

arban qoyar sarayin èo(tu edür 47r

aliba sarayin ülü sedükü edür 47v

ula(an ša¯a(ai kemekü ma(u edür 48r

tngri-ner (aši(udaqu edür 48r

èidköd (aši(udaqu edür 48v

èing gii edür 48v

bi pô edür 48v

èireg mordaqu edür 48v

tngri-yin mör kemekü edür 49r

dayang kemekü edür 49v

èuèa( kemekü edür 49v

vimading kemekü edür 49v

süng kemekü edür 49v

süèing kemekü edür 49v

dada qan kemekü edür 49v

arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v

ibegel edür ba(u(daqui 52r

beri ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu sayin edür 53r

öšiyerkü qara edür 53r

ginggang šingpüng güiküi edür 53r

köbegün-e ömèi ülü ögküi. okin-dur in¯i ülü ögküi ma(u edür 53v

1663
WORD INDEX

šin-e kümün-i ülü asaraqu ba gerte ülü oro(ulqu edür 53v

arban kümün-eèe isün kümün-i ükükü maši ma(u edür bui 53v

okin-u mör (arqu edür 54r

tariyan tariqu sayin edür 55v

debel emüskü sayin edür 56r

em neyilegülküi sayin edür 56r

abašig abqu sayin edür 56v

¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür 56v

qa(aèiltu dörben edür 59r

qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai 59r

ed bara(daqu kešig ba(uraqu edür 59v

suèuli saèuqu esü( ¯ula(-un negegemel edür 60v

edür-e 26v, 27r, 29v, 58v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v,

60v

do(olang jerimdeg a(sad (a¯ar-aèa (urban edür-e (armui 24r

edür-eèe

(urban edür-eèe anggida Altan odun 38r

edür-i

Baras edür-<y>i kölgelen ködelge¯ü 2r

(urban ¯a(un ¯iran ¯ir(u(an edür-i nigen on bol(aju 6v

(uèin edür-<y>i inü nigen saban sara bol(abasu 6v

1664
WORD INDEX

üligsen ¯ir(u(an edür-<y>i nigedbesü 6v

döèin dolo(an on-du saban-ügei bögesü uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i

tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v

arban qoyar sarayin yang gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u

edür-<y>i ü¯ekü anu 47r

aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün 49v

tabun dagini-yin mör (arqu edür-<y>i ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 49v

edür-iyer

odun-u sayin-i edür-iyer il(ayu 46r

edür-lüge

yeke qara edür-lu(-a èöm tokiyaldumui 41v

edür-lu(-a odun qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r

edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküy-yin uèaral boluyu 44v

edür-tü 27r, 29v, 33r, 41v, 42r

qoyitu dörben möèi mana(ar-un edür-dü (ada(adu bui 6v

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür-dü uridu 6v

edür-tür

edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v, 6v, 6v

tabun edür-dür oldayu 22r

ene kedün edür-dür 47v

edür-ün

1665
WORD INDEX

edür-ün ilegüü duta(uu 2r

edür-ün (ada(adu na(šidar 3v

edür-ün odun-i/odu-yi mede- 5r, 5r

öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r

rašiyan edür-ün belge erdini bui 20r

èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a bui 20r

naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san

(adusun bui 20r

qariqu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r

luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r

qariquu edürün beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r

(a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r

qariqui edürün belge inu qara sa üsüg bui 20r

ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui 20r

šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r

šim[n]us-i il(u(san edürün belge inu qara nara bui 20r

Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge inu tong(ori( bui 20r

Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui 20r

erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r

qariqui edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r

naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r

1666
WORD INDEX

qariqui edürün belge inu ¯arimdu( vaèir bui 20r

arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg bui 20r

kelinèitü edürün belge inu qara èindamuni bui 20r

kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui 20r

do(šin edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r

šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v

Bati bata güikü edürün belge inu ala( nidün bui 20v

ginggang güikü edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v

baling do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v

öèüken qara edürün belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v

ügegürügülügèi edürün belge (urbal¯in ula(an bui 20v

yeke qara edürün belge inu (urbal¯in qara bui 20v

tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui 20v

qo(osun edürün belge (urban qara dusul bui 20v

(uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui [edürün] belge ala( dusul bui 20v

tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu [edürün] belge ala( debisker bui 20v

gara( ideši erikü edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v

tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge doro(ši qandu(san qara sara 20v

ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v

ebdegèi edürün belge inu qada(ur bui 20v

(a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in

1667
WORD INDEX

bui 20v

tüleküi edürün belge anu solbi(san qara ¯iruqai ene ilegüüdebei 20v

edür-ün odun-u sayin uèiral 38r

qariqui edür-ün belge inu ¯arimda( vaèir bui 38r

mör (arqu edürün sayin 48v

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin 48v

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün

sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün bui 49v

arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün 50r

debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin 55v

bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin 56v

abašig abqu edürün sayin 56v

egeèi

egeèi

egeèi kümün-dür ¯ol(oqu 4v

egüd-

egüdbesü

mandal egüdbesü 31v

(urbal¯in mandal egüdbesü 31v

odèa( egüdbesü 43v

burqan-u šitügen egüdbesü 46v

1668
WORD INDEX

egüdkü 47v

egüdügsen

egüdügsen isün tngri-yi uribasu 28v

egüde(n)/ egüüde(n)

egüde(n)/ egüüde 60r

ger-ün egüüde 23v

tngri-yin egüüde/egüde 33r, 33r, 49v

(adquldu(èi tngri-yin egüden odun 59r

(a¯ar-un egüüde 33r, 33r

sayin egüüde 33r

ma(u egüüde 33r

sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v

egüüden-dür 22v

tngri-yin egüden-dür 49r

egüde-eèe

egüde-eèe buru(u to(ala 60r

egülen

egülen

o(tar(uy-yi egülen bürkü¯ü 4v

egün

egün-dür 26r, 26v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30v, 32r, 38r

1669
WORD INDEX

egündür 25v, 27v, 29v, 30v, 41v, 47v

egün-eèe

egün-eèe qoyin-a 6r, 6v

egün-eèe eregdeküi 7r

egün-eèe ¯ayila- 48r, 58v

egün-i

egüni 4r, 6r, 6v, 13r, 16r, 18r, 40r, 42v, 42v, 47v, 51r, 52v

egüni kièiyegdeküi 1v

egün-i tus ü¯e 50r

egün-lüge

dayisun-i daruqu üiles-i egün-lüge [n]ököèibesü 42v

egür-

egürügsen

usu egürügsen kümün-lüge ¯ol(aqu 5r

u(uuta egürügsen beri 54r

egür

egür-i

šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i] tüimeriddügèi odun 33r

šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i] (al-dur tüimeriddügèi 33v

egür-iyen

qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 8r, 19r

1670
WORD INDEX

egüride

egüride 46r

egüride-yin

egüride-yin uèiral 46r

egüske-

egüske¯ü

süsüg sedkil egüske¯ü 4v

e¯ed/e¯id

e¯ed/e¯id

(a¯ar usun-u e¯id 2v

(a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r

(a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v

(a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v

e¯id-i

luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu 30r

(a¯ar usun e¯id-i takibasu 39v

luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r

e¯ele-

e¯elekü

e¯elekü-yin

na(šidar-<y>i e¯ilekü-yin ner-e ene bui 59r

1671
WORD INDEX

e¯elegèi

e¯ilegèi

e¯ilegèi 35v

¯an e¯ilegèi edür 35v

e¯en/e¯in

e¯en/e¯in

ükülün e¯en 8r/ükülün e¯in 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

burqan-u e¯in mese-dür üküyü 34v

debel ba ger ed'kebesü e¯in inu ükükü 35r

arban qoyar e¯in 35v

tngri-yin Vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü

qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün inu (a¯arun e¯in qa(an kemegdeyü 39v

ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v

(a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r

šin-e ger-dür orobasu gerün e¯in qa(acaqu 47v

tngri (a¯ar-un on sara edür èa( möèe. odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in inu

tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r

(anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in odun 59r

e¯in-dü

šin-e asaraqu ba da(a(ulbasu e¯in-dü ma(u 53v

e¯in-i

1672
WORD INDEX

(a¯ar-un e¯in-i takibasu 34v

e¯in-ü

(a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( 24r

e¯id [see under e¯ed]

e¯ile- [see under e¯ele-]

e¯ilegèi [see under e¯elegèi]

e¯in [see under e¯en]

eke

eke

šitügen(-ü) eke 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

šitügen eke Takiy-a (a¯ar-a 8r

šitügen-ü eke Üker (a¯ar-a 9r

beri-yin dörben šilmus kemebesü dayiwang dayiqu šitügen eke.

lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keèiyenü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52r

dayiwang tayiqu qangpan-qongpan šitügen-ü eke šabšu kiged-ün

¯üg buu yabu 53r

eèige eke degüü amidu bögesü mön tegün-dü ma(u 51v

eke-ber

dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

eke-de

ede sarada eèige eke-de ma(u bui 51r

1673
WORD INDEX

ede sarada qadam eèige eke-de ma(u 51r

qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u 52v

eke-tü

basa nigen eketü 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42r, 42r, 4

2v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r,

46v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 55r, 56r, 60v

nigen eketü 52r

eke-yügen

eèige eke-yu(an [=yügen] ¯arumui 43r

ekener

ekener-ün

ekiner-ün ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v

eki

eki

er-e-yin ¯il-ün eki èa( 52r

ekitü

basa nigen ekitü 41r, 41v

ekile-

ekilebesü

aliba üile ekilebesü 31r

ekilegsen

1674
WORD INDEX

ekilegsen-ü

Široi odun-iyar ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r

saban ekilegsen ¯il 7r

Široi odun ekilegsen sara 43r

Sara odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r

'al odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r

Modun odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r

ekile¯ü

nigen gšan-aèa ekile¯ü edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u 5r

ekilekü

na(šidar inu ekilekü degürkü ba. bara(daqui medekü kereg 4v

ekileküi

Široi odun-iyar ekileküi terigüten Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar

¯okiyabai 2v

ekilemüi

salkin-u èa( ekilemüi 8r

ekilen

šinelegsen-eèe ekilen to(ola¯u 2v

ebülün dumdadu sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-aèa ekilen to(ala¯u 5v

Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ekilen 32v

ekin

1675
WORD INDEX

ekin

Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u 2v

qaburun ekin 7r

ekin eribesü 30r

(a¯ar usun-aèa ekin eribesü 34v

dörben ekin sara 38r

ekiner

[see under ekener]

elbeg

elbeg

ed adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v

tariyan elbeg bolqu 29r

(a¯ar ködelbesü usun elbeg bol¯u amitan usun-dur ükümüi 31v

boro(an orobasu qoyin-a qur-a elbeg 61r

elèi

elèi

elèi ¯arubasu 31v

eliy-e

eliy-e

eliy-e šiba(un

¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] eliy-e šiba(un qošiyalamui 9r

1676
WORD INDEX

eliy-e da(a(san kümün 22v

eliy-e üldebesü 27r

öèügüked-ün eliy-e darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v

eliy-e darubasu 32r

abu(èi eliy-e odun 59r

eliy-e-yi

eliy-e-yi darubasu 29r, 41r

öèügüked-ün eliy-e-[y]i darubasu 31v

em

em

em neyilegülbesü 11r

em neyilegülküi sayin edür 56r

em èungla(ulbasu 21v, 22r, 27v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35r,

45v, 46v

em buu èungla(ul 35r

em ¯asal èungla(ulbasu 35v

em èu(la(ulbasu 22r

bièig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r

em u(uubasu 26v/em uu(ubasu 36r

¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür em ülü u(uuqu 56v

em emlebesü 28r, 61r

1677
WORD INDEX

em ¯okiyabasu 34v

em nidübesü 35v, 36r, 37r

em ögkü-dür sayin 56r

Qonin edür em ülü idekü 57v

emèi

emèi

emèi otaèi kümün 4v

em-e

em-e

em-e kümün 15r, 22r, 23r

em-e kümün-dür ¯ol(aqu 5r

belbesün em-e kümün 25r, 29v

belbesün em-e abubasu 25r, 32r

em-e abubasu 28v, 36v, 37r, 53r, 53r

šin-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r

öber-ün dayan-u küèün yeke bögesü ber em-e köbegün kiged. ed

ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

nigen eketü ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg kemebesü er-e-yin em[-e] ¯üg-eèe

ba(u(daqui 52r

em-e sara

em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u 52v

1678
WORD INDEX

em-e abqu er-e kümün-ü nasun ü¯egdeküi 53r

er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü 54v

qoyar qulu(an-a ¯iltü er-e em-e bolbasu [. . .] 54v

taulai qonin (aqai ¯ilten ¯okiqu sayin ede ¯ilten er-e em-e bolbasu

uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un sayin köbegün törökü bui 54v

nigen em-e isün er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r

em-e-dür

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu doron-a ¯üg-ün kümün qula(uyu belbesün em-e-dür

qudaldu¯u amu 25v

em-e-eèe

sara ba(-a bögesü em-e-eèe buru(u to(ola 51v

em-e-lüge

em-e-lüge-ben

köbegün töröbesü em-e-lüge-ben ülü ¯okildun bo(o¯u ükümüi 30r

em-e-yi

nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad buyu 34r

emegel

emegel

morin dobtulbasu morin inu üküyü. ese bögesü emegel qa(arayu 35r

emegen

emegen

1679
WORD INDEX

ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür ötegüü ebügen emegen buu od 27r

eremdeg ebügen emegen ba. bandi bombo kümün-e temdegtü mal

(ada(ši (ar(abasu 31r

emegen-ü

emegen-ü sünesün na(šidar 31v

emle-

emlebesü

em emlebesü 28r, 61r

emleküi

emleküy-yi

aliba sarayin noqai-dur ebedèin emleküy-[y]i èigerlegülün

nomla¯uqui 56v

emün-e

emün-e/emün-e 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9r, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v,

10r, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13r, 13r, 13v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 22r, 26v, 29r, 31r, 31r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 42r, 42r, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 55r,

1680
WORD INDEX

55r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 60v

doron-a emün-e 8r, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12r, 12v, 13v, 15r, 16r, 17v, 18v, 19r,

25r, 30v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 55r

örön-e emün-e 10r, 11v, 11v, 12r, 15r, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v, 16v, 18r, 19r,

19v, 19v, 26r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v

emün-e örön-e 11v, 11v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v

nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg urba¯u 5v

emün-e ¯üg uduridbasu 23v

emüneši

emüneši

nara emüneši odqui (ba) 3r, 3v, 5v, 6r

kökege<g> šiba(un emüneši qarimui 14r

emüs-

emüs

šin-e debel buu eske buu emüs 34r

ula(an debel buu edeke buu emüs 34r

ula(an altatu debel buu emüs buu ed'ke 34v

šin-e mala(-a buu emüs 34v

eriyen debel buu ed'ke. buu emüs 34v

no(o(an debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 34v, 35v

1681
WORD INDEX

qara debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 34v, 35r, 35r

šara debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r

ala( debel buu ed’ke buu emüs 35r

èa(an debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r

emüsbesü

šini debel emüsbesü 21v, 28v, 34r, 56r

debel ed'kebesü emüsbesü 31r

emüsèü

šin-e debel emüsèü 4v

èereg-ün noyan ula(an debel emüsèü 21v

emüskü

debel ed'kebesü ükükü edür emüskü ma(u bui 27v

debel emüskü sayin edür 56r

šin-e mala(-a ülü emüskü 57r

emüsküi

quya( emüsküi

quya( emüs'küi na(šidar kemeyü 33r

debil emüsküi 46r

emüsügsen

èa(an debel emüsügsen 4v

emüste-

1682
WORD INDEX

emüsteküi

debel emüsteküi

beri-yin maqabud-un öngge-yin debel emüsteküi 52r

ende

ende 2r, 2v

endegüre-

endegüre¯ü

aliba odun na(šidar-<y>i endegüre¯ü ese medebesü 4v

endegürel

endegürel

endegürelügegüy-e qono( tasura(san-i medeküi kereg 4v

ene

ene 3r, 3r, 3v, 7r, 7r, 7r, 7v, 8r, 10r, 10v, 11r, 15r, 20v, 21r, 38v, 39v, 41v, 42v,

44r, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50r, 50v, 51v, 52r, 52r, 58v, 59r, 59v, 60r

ene oron 3r

enen-e

Mig Burvabalguni Udaribalguni Burvasad Udarisad Sadabis

Udaribadaribad enen-e sayin 37r

Enedkeg

Enedkeg-eèe

1683
WORD INDEX

Enedk[e]g-eèe orèi(ulu(san Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris 2r

Enedkeg-ün

Enedk[e]g-ün yosu(ar 2v, 2v

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r

Enedk[e]g-ün keleber 32r

enele-

eneleküi

eneleküi ¯obalang-iyar qoqui kemen ¯oba¯u yabumui 47v

eng

eng

eng terigün gšan 5r, 5r

enggelegür

enggelegür

enggelegür sayin 52v

engküri

engküri

engküri köbegün 28r, 35r, 44r

engküri èidköd 35v

engküri-yi

engküri-yi nomo(odqabasu 25r

1684
WORD INDEX

erdem

erdem

erdem sur(abasu 11r, 25r, 31r, 31v, 32r

bièig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v

erdem bilig

erdem bilig kiged nom-un ¯üil-dür duratai buyu 25v

erdem-i

odun erdem-<y>i to(olabasu 60v

erdeni/erdini

erdeni/erdini

ene erdeni busu 10v

rašiyan edür-ün belge erdini bui 20r

ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui 20r

kešig erdeni qa(an

Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara( büküi 23v

tüšimed erdeni bolqu na(šidar bui 30v

erdeni morin

dörben odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v

degegši qandu(san erdeni 44v

ögede qandu(san jindamuni erdeni ene bui 44v

erdeni terigüten-i uralabasu 61v

1685
WORD INDEX

erdeni-dür

aliba do(šin üile üiledbesü matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dür

adali ma(u 39r

tngri-yin erdeni

tngri-yin erdeni-dür mör (arbasu sayin 49r

er-e/ere

ere/er-e

ere sara

¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r

er-e sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe

buru(u 52v

er-e (a(èa kümün-ü köbegün qula(u¯u amu 23v

šin-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r

em-e abqu er-e kümün-ü nasun ü¯egdeküi 53r

er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü anu 54v

ede ¯ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un sayin köbegün

törökü bui 54v

qoyar qulu(an-a ¯iltü er-e em-e bolbasu 54v

er-e-dü

ede sarada er-e-dü ma(u bui 51r

er-e-eèe

1686
WORD INDEX

sara yeke bögesü er-e-eèe ¯öb to(ola 51v

er-e-yi

nigen em-e isün er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r

er-e-yin

nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad buyu 34r

ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg kemebesü er-e-yin em[-e] ¯üg-eèe ba(u(daqui 52r

er-e-yin ¯il-ün eki èa(tu ba(uqu bui 52r

ere-

[see under eri-]

eregde-

eregdeküi

saras-un yeke öèüken-i irekü bögesü mön egün-eèe eregdeküi 7r

eregün

eregün-dür

eregün-dür dumda sayin 52v

erekei

erekey-yin

erekey-yin èinegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin èinegen morin unu¯u 39v

eremdeg

[see also under yerimdeg]

eremdeg

1687
WORD INDEX

do(alang eremdeg kümün 23v

eremdeg ebügen 31r

eremdeg-tür

eremdeg-dür ada(usun ögbesü 31r

ergi-

ergiküi

(altu tor(on ergiküi modun odun 59r

ergimüi

bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimüi 55r

ergin

ergin qoèora(san qoyitu ür-e (uyiranèi bolumui 47v

ergü-

ergübesü

èabda(ur saèuli er<e>gübesü qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun

sayišiyamu 60v

ergüküi

ergüküi üiles 46r

ergügde-

ergügdekü

kümün-e ergügdekü seèin bolu(ad 29r

eri-/ere-

1688
WORD INDEX

eri 24v

oyir-a ¯üg eri oldayu 24r

eribesü/erebesü

erebesü ber

baras metü kümün erebesü ber oluyu 37v

burqan-u oron eribesü 22v

¯ibqara(san-i eribesü 23v

ekil [=ekin] eribesü 30r

(a¯ar usun-aèa ekin eribesü 34v

darui-dur eribesü oldayu 30v

ol¯a eribesü 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 35r

quda anda eribesü 31r

qonièin-i eribesü 35r

ner-e eribesü 35r

bariqu (a¯ar eribesü 42r

aši( tusa eribesü 43v, 43v, 61r, 61v

a(ula-aèa modun eribesü 47v

usun-aèa ¯i(asun eribesü 47v

erikü

gara( ideši erikü edür 20v

tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edür 20v

1689
WORD INDEX

ginggang ideši erikü edür 20v

(a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edür 20v

eriküi/ereküi

ereküi-yin

saran-lu(-a edür qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin

¯arudasun baling do(šin 39v

qara šimu kememü. tere ideši ereküi èa(tur èa(an üile qara bolumui 42v

gara(-ud-un do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v

(a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r

erin/eren

Qubi sarayin naiman šinide üdeši ideši eren güimüi 40r

Kögeler sarayin qorin isün-e örlüge ideši eren güimüi 40r

ünegen metü ma(u erin abaèiqu 27v

otaèi-yi erin ebedèin-i ü¯igülbesü 36r

erigül-

erigülbesü

qula(ayièi kümün-i erigülbesü 36r

eriyen

eriyen

eriyen debel buu ed'ke. buu emüs 34v

erke

1690
WORD INDEX

erke

köbegün töröbesü erke 28r

erke-dür

erke-dür-iyen

kümün-i erke-dür-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r

erkedür oro(ulqui keèiyeküi üiles 13r

erke-tü

yeke erketü široy-yin èinar buyu 24r

erketü (a¯ar buu könde 34v

erke-yi

ed-ün ündüsün erke-yi bütügeküi 45v

erke-yin

erke-yin üiles 46r

erkeèi

erkeèi

erkeèi iribasu 36v

erketen

erketen

erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r

erketen-dür

okin töröbesü erketen-dür uèaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v

1691
WORD INDEX

erketen-i

erketen-i takibasu 27v

erketen-i nomo(odqabasu 28r

erketen-ü

Burvasad na(šidar kemebesü erketen-ü na(šidar bui 30r

erlig

erlig

modun erlig 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

Baras modun erlig 8r

erlig-üd

erlig-üd-iyer

Arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e erlig-üd-iyer

küriyelegül¯ü 38v

erlig-üd-ün

ükübesü erlig-üd-ün udusq-a bui 28v

erlig-ün

erlig-ün èinu-a

erlig-ün èinu-a güikü na(šidar 28r

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-ün odun bui 60v

erte

erte

1692
WORD INDEX

mana(ar erte bosu(ad 4v

èereg mordobasu erte mana(ar morda 23v

erü-

erübesü

erümel erübesü 12r, 42r, 42v

a(urqai erübesü 42v

erüger

[see under irüger]

erümel – [erümel erübesü “digs an excavation”]

erümel

erümel erübesü 12r, 42r, 42v

ese

ese 6v, 6v, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 19r, 61v

teyin ese ü¯ebesü 4r

aliba odun na(šidar-<y>i endegüre¯ü ese medebesü 4v

ese bögesü 4v, 4v, 4v, 5r, 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 23r, 24v, 34v, 35r

ese sana(san (ajar 42v

esergü

esergü/eser’gü 40r/eser’gü 42v

dayisun esergü ire- 21v, 22r, 24v

eseregü teseregü

1693
WORD INDEX

èereg mordobasu eseregü teseregü ügüleldüyü 34r

eske-

eske

šin-e debel buu eske buu emüs 34r

eskebesü

debel eskebesü 23v, 25r, 29r, 30r

eskeküi

debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin 55v

debel eskeküi 55v

esü(

esü(

suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu esü( [=esüg] ¯ula(-un negegemel edür 60v

eyetü-

eyetübesü

èi(ul(an eyetübesü 31v

eyetün

eyetün èi(ul’qui 61r

eyetüldü-

eyetüldübesü 29v

eyetüldükü 45v

eyetüldür-e

1694
WORD INDEX

eyetüldür-e

eyetüldür-e èi(ulbasu 22v

eyin

eyin

qorin naiman na(šidar-un yabudal eyin bui 24v

ede gara(-ud kiged na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-<y>i eyin

uqa(daqui 45v

(abiy-a

(abiy-a

(abiy-a ügei

qoyar ¯aya(an-u üile-dür (abiy-a ügei bolumui 27r

(abiy-a tusa

kimusu ta(aribasu (abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu 57r

nayitabasu (abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu 57v

(abiy-a-tu

(abiy-a-du üiles bütükü 50r

(abiy-a-tu sarayin šinede ibegel edür ba(u(daqui 52r

(ada(adu

(ada(adu

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v

edür-ün (ada(adu na(šidar 3v

1695
WORD INDEX

mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(šidar 3v

söni-dür (ada(adu 6v, 6v

edür-dür (ada(adu 6v, 6v, 6v

(ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar bui 29r

(ada(ši

(ada(ši

aliba ta(alaqui ¯üg (ada(ši odbasu 4v

ed mal (ada(ši ögbesü 18r, 41v

mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu 29r, 31r

isün ¯üil tariyan (ada(ši ögbesü 31r

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu 43r

engküri köbegün-i (ada(ši (ar(abasu 44r

(ada(ši mör (arbasu 46v

(adan-a

(adan-a-aèa

(adan-a-aèa bara(an oro(ulbasu 36v

(adquldu-

[see also under qadquldu-]

(adquldu

dayisun-lu(-a buu (adquldu 34r

(adquldubasu 21v, 22r, 24v, 32r, 35r

1696
WORD INDEX

dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu 29v, 32r

(adquldumui 43r, 43r

qubi sarayin šinein (urban tabun qorin-a (adquldumui 43r

(adqulduqu

tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v

(adqulduqui

tngri šilmus (adqulduqui edür kemebesü 43r

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür 48v

(adquldu(èi

(adquldu(èi

(adquldu(èi tngri-yin egüden odun 59r

(adquldu(an

(adquldu(an-i

(adquldu(an-i amurli(ulbasu 22v

(adusun

(adusun

doro(ši qandu(san (adusun 20r, 39r

ögede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r, 39r

(adasun qari(ulbasu 23v

qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v

degedü Uma neretü (adasun 32v

1697
WORD INDEX

(adasun qadququi 38v

(a(èa

(a(èa

er-e (a(èa kümün-ü köbegün qula(u¯u amu 23v

(a(èa(ar

(a(èa(ar

(a(èa(ar toyin ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 30r

(ai

(ai

(ai qarši

(ai qarši yeke bolqu 47v

(a¯ar

(a¯ar

(a¯ar usun

(a¯ar usun-u e¯id 2v

(a¯ar usun e¯id-i takibasu 39v

(a¯ar usun èöm gesümüi 9r

(a¯ar usun èöm amin nüke kürümüi 18r

(a¯ar usun-aèa ekin eribesü 34v

aman-a (a¯ar usun-i taki 55v

Luu Noqai Üker Qoni Taulai edür (a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a

1698
WORD INDEX

ba(uqu 58v

tariyan-u köröngge (a¯ar oroba 10r

Luu (a¯ar 18r

(a¯ar tal-a ödken èasun bolumui 19r

šin-e (a¯ar bariqu 24r

(a¯ar ködelbesü 25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v,

28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r,

32r, 37r

(a¯ar baribasu 30v

(a¯ar könde- 34v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 37r, 37r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v,

42v, 44r, 58v, 58v, 58v

bariqu (a¯ar eribesü 42r

tariyalang-un (a¯ar qudalduqui 45v

belbesün em-e kümün bükü (a¯ar bariqu na(šidar kemeyü 29v

aqui (a¯ar èinu qami(-a bui 32v

tariyan-u (a¯ar olqu 46v

qola (a¯ar ¯oriqu 58r

šin-e (a¯ar il(abasu 61r

(a¯ar-a 6v, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 19r

dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju 6r

arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a 6v

1699
WORD INDEX

takiy-a (a¯ar-a 8r

dolo(an alqu (a¯ar-a 23v

örön-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur šara široi-du (a¯ar-a ni(u¯u 24r

tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un o(talda(san na(šidar 28v

qola (a¯ar-a qudaldu odbasu 36r

qola (a¯ar-a odqui 47v

qola (a¯ar-a mör (arbasu 47v

öni qola (a¯ar-a 57r

qola busu (a¯ar-a odqu 61v

(a¯ar-aèa

do(olang jerimdeg a(sad (a¯ar-aèa (urban edür-e (arumui 24r

qa(urai (a¯arèa usun (ar(an èidamu 32v

ese sana(san (a¯ar-aèa dayisun bolqu 42v

qola (a¯arèa ¯oèid irekü 57r

(a¯ar-i

süme keyid bariqu (a¯ar-<y>i beleglebesü 23r

qada (a¯ar-<y>i nuqubasu 23v

önüèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar bui 27r

ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu 31r

èireg ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu 32r

(a¯ar-<y>i tübšidken èidamu 32v

1700
WORD INDEX

tngri (a¯ar-<y>i taki 32v

tngri (a¯ar-<y>i takibasu 35r

(a¯ar-ta(an

köbegün töröbesü eèige inu üküyü. ösügsen qoyin-a (a¯ar-ta(an ülü aqu

bui 30r

(a¯ar-tur

(a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur öèüken oromui 8r

(a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r

(a¯ar-dur dula(an-u tegši oromui 10r

(a¯ar-tur èakirma(-un èièig delgeremüi 11r

(a¯ar-tur qamu( nabèi ündüsün ur(umui 12r

(a¯ar-dur qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad lungru neretü èièig delgeremüi 13r

(a¯ar-dur serigün següder una(ad qulan una(an-iyan telèiyemüi 14r

(a¯ar-dur ¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi 15r

(a¯ar-dur èo( neretü ebesün èindaralamui 16r

(a¯ar-tur qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad küiten-ü a(ur oromui 17r

(a¯ar-tur ¯egeren taki qošiyalamui 18r

qadatu (a¯ar-tur taribasu 35v

(a¯ar-un

(a¯ar-un ene oron 3r

tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben a(ur èa( 6r

1701
WORD INDEX

(a¯ar-un (al 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

(a¯ar-un e¯en/e¯id

(a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r

dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( büküi 24r

luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu 30r

(a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v

(a¯ar-un e¯in-i takibasu 34v

(a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v

(a¯arun e¯in qa(an 39v

luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r

ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v

(a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür

(a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in

bui 20v

(a¯ar-un egüüde

(a¯ar-un egüüde ali bui 33r

(a¯ar-un egüüde mön Barani 33r

tngri-yin Vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü

qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün 39v 44r

tngri (a¯ar-un on sara edür èa( möèe. odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in 55r

(a¯ar-un ba(atud 58v, 58v, 58v

1702
WORD INDEX

(a¯ar-un sünesü 58v

Luu Noqai Üker Qoni Taulai edür (a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a

ba(uqu 58v

(al

(al 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 21v, 45v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v

'al (odun) 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 20r, 20r, 20r, 37v, 38r, 43r,

44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v,

52r, 53r, 56r

'al odun bögesü ¯egerde qal¯an morin una(san ba. bombo kümün

ba ula(an debeltü kümün ba ese bögesü degerem qula(ayièi ba

keregür bara(ur-tur ¯ol(oqu 4v

'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un

èinar bui 22v

tngri-yin (al 8r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

Morin edür tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r

(a¯ar-un (al 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

1703
WORD INDEX

(al mandal tüle- 10r, 38v, 61v

(al èinar

Naran odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara( kememü (al èinar bui 21v

'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküy-yin tula (al-un èinar

bui 22v

Kerteg Barani Šuša(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede

dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai

eden (al bui 61r

(al takil takibasu 21v, 31v, 35r

(al takibasu 35v, 36v, 37r

qoyar (al uèarabasu delgereküi-yin uèaral[.] delgereküi uèaral-iyar ed

idegen oldayu 45v

(al kei qoyar uèarabasu yeke küèütü uèaral böged. küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar

öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r

(al široi qoyar uèarabasu tüleküi-yin uèiral. tüleküi-yin uèiral-iyar

¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r

usu (al qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün uèiral bui ükülün uèaral-iyar amin

nasun-i boliyu 46r

(al tülegèi 52v

(al-du

1704
WORD INDEX

beri (al-du mörgügülkü èa( 53v

üker qonin ¯iltü okin-i Takiy-a èa(-du (al-du mörgügül 53v

(al-dur

dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bièi¯ü (al-dur tüleged 22r

debel eskebesü (al-dur tüleyü 25r

šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i] (al-dur tüimeriddügèi Rivadi buyu 33v

qulu(an-a morin ¯iltü okin-i 'aqai èa(-tu (al-dur mörgügülbesü sayin 53v

baras beèin ¯iltü okin-i 'aqai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r

taulai takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i Noqai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r

luu noqai ¯iltü okin-i Taulai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r

mo(ai (aqai ¯iltü okin-i Beèin èa(tu (al-dur mörgügülbesü sayin 54r

(al-tu

(al-tu qoroqai

üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r

(altu tor(on ergiküi modun odun 59r

(al-un

(al-un takil

(al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v

(al-un takil üiledbesü 34v

emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un dolo(an na(šidar anu tegüsbe 29r

(al-un galab

1705
WORD INDEX

(al-un galab bol(a(èi odun ali 33r

(al-un galab bol(a(èi Barani bui 33r

(al-un oèi-du tülekü 55v, 56r

(ala(un

(ala(un

anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r

(alqala-

[see also under qalqala-]

(alqalaqu

egüni (alqalaqu ar(-a kemebesü yama(an-u tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli

ü¯e¯ü tegüni isün ¯iruqai ene metü ¯iruyu tere ¯üg qandu(ulbasu q

amu( ma(u üiles ¯ayilaqu buyu 42v

(anèa

(anèa

(anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar 1v

(anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in odun 59r

(ang

(ang

(ang bolqu 12r, 17r, 25r

(a'ng bolqu 61r

(angla(ur [=(angna(ur]

1706
WORD INDEX

(angla(ur

šiker qangla(ur terigüten. tu(-un išin-du uya¯u 50v

(angna(ur

[see (angla(ur]

(angqui

(angqui

do(šid-un sedkil (angqui na(šidar kemeyü 29v

(aqai

(aqai

'aqai sara 41r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 53v, 53v, 53v

'aqai sara-dur (uèinügei 3v

ii (aqai sara 7v

ding (aqai sara 7v

gi (aqai sara 7v

šin (aqai sara 7v

küi (aqai sara 7v

Töbed-dür 'aqai sar-a 17r

'aqai èa( 50r, 53v, 53v, 54r

ii (aqai èa( 7v

ding (aqai èa( 7v

1707
WORD INDEX

gii (aqai èa( 7v

šin (aqai èa( 7v

küi (aqai èa( 7v

'aqai (edür) 10r, 11r, 14r, 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v,

46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 58v, 59v, 59v,

60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

'aqai ¯il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 55v, 55v, 58v

(aqai ¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v, 54v

(aqai ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v

'aqai (a¯ar-a 14r

(aqai bolqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

(aqai nasu to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui 17r

šira (aqai uu gii [. . .] qara bui 41r

(aqai qoši(utu 55r

'aqai edür okin ülü ögkü. (aqai ülü alaqu miq-a ülü idekü 58r

(aqay-yin 59r

dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e-yi ¯iru¯u (aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dürü¯ü 23r

bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a 60r

1708
WORD INDEX

(ar

(ar

(ar ni(ur-iyan ugiya¯u 4v

(ar qo(osun 49v

(uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge 20v

(uyirinèi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edür 43v

(ar metü 59v

tabun odun-u düri inu (ar metü bui 28r

(ar-ta(an

(ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r

kam-dur uèira(san beri (ar-ta(an odèo( bari(san bui 54r

sön-dür uèira(san beri (arta(an širbegel bari(san bui 54v

(ar-tur

tegünü (artur nigen širbegel bari(ul¯u 54v

(ar-

(arbasu

mör (arbasu 22r, 24v, 25r, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r,

28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r,

35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r, 43v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 54r, 54r

1709
WORD INDEX

(ada(ši mör (arbasu 46v

qola (a¯ar-a mör (arbasu 47v

doron-a emün-e (arbasu 30v

a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v

ong(oèa deger-e (arbasu 47v

qola (arbasu 47v

ger-eèe nayir (arbasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v

(arqu

¯i(ulèin kümün mör (arqu na(šidar 26v

qoyin-a (arqu qoyar odun-u düri 31v

mör (arqu edür 49v, 49v

mör (arqu edürün sayin 48v

mör (arqu kürdün 49r, 49r, 49r

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin

ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün bui 49v

mör (arqu ¯üg 50r, 50r, 50v

okin-u mör (arqu edür 54r

beri mör (arqu ¯üg 54r

kü¯ügün (arqu 56r

qola mör ülü (arqu 57v

(arqui

1710
WORD INDEX

nigen da(un (arqui 5r

(aru(ad

(a¯ar-tur qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad küiten-ü a(ur oromui 17r

(aru(san

tere dotoraèa (aru(san šastir 2r

(arumui

nigen da(un (arumui 5r

ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkü edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder

(arumui 6r

šir(ol¯i terigüten amitan degde¯ü o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r

tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-eèe ülü (arumui 18r

matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r

do(olang jerimdeg a(sad (a¯ar-aèa (urban edür-e (arumui 24r

(ar(a-

(ar(-a

yasun buu (ar(-a 33v, 34r, 43r, 55v, 58v

šilige buu (ar(a 34r

(ar(abasu

dungli (ar(abasu 22r

dovrm-a dovngli (ar(abasu 41r

rduvarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r

1711
WORD INDEX

yasun (ar(abasu 30r, 31v, 34r, 40r, 41r, 42r, 43v, 44r, 47v

kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 23r, 25v, 27r, 30v

kümün yasun (ar(abasu 24v

ükügsed-ün yasun (ar(abasu 28v

ükügsen kümün-i [=kümün-ü] yasun (ar(abasu 35v

engküri köbegün-i (ada(ši (ar(abasu 44r

mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu 29r

eremdeg ebügen emegen ba. bandi bombo kümün-e temdegtü

mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu 31r

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu 43r

yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu 55v

(ar(a¯u

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu narin bo(ol ma(u sedke¯ü kümün-dür (ar(a¯u

ögbe 28r

(ar(amui

ed mal ülü (ar(amui 60v

(ar(an

qa(urai (a¯arèa usun (ar(an èidamu 32v

qada èila(un-aèa modun (ar(an èidamu 32v

(ar(a(ulu(èi

qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r

1712
WORD INDEX

(arul(-a

(arul(-a

yeke (arul(-a-u 59v

(asalang

(asalang-un

umara (asalang-un mör 54r

örön-e (asalang-un mör 54r

doron-a (asalang-un mör 54r

dörben ¯obkis (asalang-un mör 54r

(aši(uda-

(aši(udaqu

tngri-ner (aši(udaqu edür 48r

èidköd (aši(udaqu edür 48v

(aši(un

(aši(un

nara sara ükübesü tere ulus-dur (aši(un ¯obalang-dur ayul bolqu 27r

(ayila(da-

(ayila(daqu

èa( kiged (ayila(daqu üiles anu 42r

(ayiqamši(

(ayiqamši(

1713
WORD INDEX

okin töröbesü (ayiqamši( oyun-a ta(alal-du boluyu 26r

(ayitu

(ayitu

quda anda bolqui-du (ayitu bui 56r

(okila-

(okilabasu

¯i(asun (okilabasu 36r

(okimui

(okimui 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

Luu edür (okimui 8r

modun (okimui 48r

(olomta

(olomta

(olomta ba(urai nutu( qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v

(olomta ger nutu( mör ede sayin bui 51v

nutu( ger (olomta degüü ede sayin bui 51v

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egüüde anu sayin 60r

(olomta-aèa

sara yeke bögesü (olomta-aèa ¯öb to(ola 51v

(oo-a

(oo-a

1714
WORD INDEX

köbegün töröbesü biy-e bildar (oo-a üges-dür urin [=uran] bolu(ad 61r

(ool

(ool

qo(osun (ool ba qo(osun bal(asun-dur qara modun-u door-a ni(u¯u

amu 24v

(ool ¯irüken

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v

(ool-dur

örön-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur šara široi-du (a¯ar-a ni(u¯u 24r

(uèi(ad

(uèi(ad

¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r

(uèin

(uèin 40v, 41v, 44r, 53r, 53r

(uèin qono(

degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun terigün Baras sar-a-dur

(uèin qono( bui bögetel-e 3r

Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3r

Luu sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

Morin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

Qonin sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3v

1715
WORD INDEX

Beèin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

Noqai sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

'aqai sara-dur (uèinügei 3v

Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

(uèin qono( nigen sar-a 5r

(uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v

(uèin möèi nigen qubi 5r

(uèin qubi nigen qono( 5r

(uèin edür

(uèin edür-<y>i inü nigen saban sara bol(abasu ¯ir(u(an edür

inu ülemui 6v

Naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar

küriyelegül¯ü 38v

Isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud

küriyelegül¯ü 38v

Arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e erlig-üd-iyer

küriyelegül¯ü 38v

(uèin qoyar

edür qorin naiman qubi söni (uèin qoyar qubi 9r, 17r

edür (uèin qoyar qubi. söni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r

(uèin qoyar odun 59v

1716
WORD INDEX

emegen-ü sünesün na(šidar (uèin qoyar odun düri inu

ong(uèa metü bui 31v

(uèin qoyar okin tngri 32v

(uèin dörben

edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r

edür (uèin dörben qubi. söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r

(uèin ¯ir(u(an

arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u

to(alabasu basa ¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi. (urban on-dur (uèin

¯ir(u(an edür bolumui 6v

edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi. söni qorin dörben qubi 13r

edür qorin dörben qubi. söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r

(uèin-a 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 39r,

39v, 39v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r, 58v

(urba(n)

(urba

arban (urba 53r

(urban 27r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 43r, 51v, 53r, 53r,

53r, 53r, 55v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 60r

(urban èa( 1v, 1v

(urban to(-a

1717
WORD INDEX

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v

(urban ¯üil 46r

qono(-un (urban ¯üil 2r

(urban ¯il 3r, 4r, 42r, 58v, 58v

(urban on 6v

'urban sar-a/sara 5v, 10r, 10r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60v

qaburun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r

¯un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 42r, 55r

namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r

ebülün (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r

(urban adqu 6r

(urban šin-e 8v, 9v, 10r, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v

(urban qara dusul 20v, 46v

(urban nidütü dörbel¯in 20v, 44r

(urban edür 24r, 38r

(urban odun 26r, 26v, 27r, 29v, 30r, 31r, 32r, 32r, 56v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v

(urban kümün 28v

(urban köl 32r

1718
WORD INDEX

(urban (urban-du ma(u 37v

(urban sayin (urban dumda. (urban eèüs 46r

(urban kürdün 48v, 51v

(urban tib 55r

arban (urban 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 54r, 54r

qorin (urban 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r

(urban ¯a(un ¯iran 5r, 6v, 33r

(urban ¯a(un ¯iran ¯ir(u(an 6v

(urban-a 44r

arban (urban-a 2r, 56r

qorin (urban-a 56r

(urban-du

(urban (urban-du ma(u 37v

(urba(ad

(urba(ad

(urba(ad (urba(ad 3v

(urba(ula

(urba(ula 26r

(urbal¯in

1719
WORD INDEX

(urbal¯in

(urbal¯in ula(an 20v

(urbal¯in qara 20v

(urbal¯in mandal egüdbesü 31v

(uyila(èi

(uyila(èi

bayan bögesü (uyila(èi bolqu 41v

(uyila(èi-yin

(uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v

(uyil'(-a

(uyil'(-a

busud-aèa (uyil'(-a abubasu 25r

(uyiranèi

(uyiranèi

(uyiranèi kümün-dür altan ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r

tüšimed ba(ura¯u (uyiranèi bolumui 42v

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu (uyiranèi bolumui 43r

qoyitu ür-e (uyiranèi bolumui 47v

(uyirinèi-yin

(uyirinèi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edür 43v

(uyu-

1720
WORD INDEX

(uyubasu

okin bo(talabasu (uyubasu 36r, 36v

(uyuqui

qutu( (uyuqui üiles 45v

gabala

gabala 47r

Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui 20r

galab

galab

(al-un galab

(al-un galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

(al-un galab bol(a(èi Barani bui 33r

usun-u galab

usun-u galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

usun galab bol(a(èi Jayitari bui 33r

kiy-yin galab

kiy-yin galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

key-yin galab bol(a(èi Burnavasu buyu 33r

galbaranjan

galbaranjan

galbaranjan modun

1721
WORD INDEX

Modun odun kemebesü ¯ögelen galbaranjan modun-u gara(

büküi 23r

gara(

gara( 54v

tabun gara( 2r

ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi gara( 2r

gara( ideši erikü edürün belge dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v

dolo(an gara(

qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i

tokiyaldu(ul¯u 21r

dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü

kürdün 50v

Naran odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara( kememü 21v

Saran odun kemebesü door-a luus-un qad-un gara( büküi 22r

'al odun kemebesü asuri-narun gara( büküi 22v

do(šin gara( 22v

tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( kememüi 22v

Usun odun kemebesü yaa(š-a-un qa(an-u gara( büküi 22v

Modun odun kemebesü ¯ögelen galbaranjan modun-u gara( büküi 23r

Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara( büküi 23v

Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara( büküi 24r

1722
WORD INDEX

gara( tegüs inu sayin 24v

gara( ba yabuqui odun bügüde-yi ¯i(a¯u ögsügei 32v

isün gara( 32v

ni¯iged gara( bui 33r

gara( odun-u sayin inu 38r

nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( 42v

odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in inu 55r

gara(-lu(-a

odun gara(-lu(-a tegüs<s>ügsen-e mörgümüi 32r

ni¯iged gara(-lu(-a ni¯iged èa( bari(èi bui 33r

gara(-ud 45v

gara(-ud-iyar

ör giküi-dür gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

gara(-ud-un

gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin inu 39v

gara(-ud-un èinu-a 39v

gara(-ud-un do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v

gara(-un

gara(-un qubil(an-u 39v

do(šin gara(-un dotor-a oroši¯u 43r

gargada

1723
WORD INDEX

gargada-yin

Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] ger 13r

Garm-a

Garm-a

Garm-a dagini 49v

gdanm-a

gdanm-a

arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

gedesün

gedesün

terigün gedesün qoyar-tu beri ab 55v

gege-

gegeküi

gegeküi-yin

abqu gegeküi-yin il(al 2v

gegen/gegen-e

gegen

Naran odun-dur gegen oyutu bolumui 56v

gegen-e

ari(un gegen-e ¯iruqai 2v

gegün

1724
WORD INDEX

gegün-i

nigen gegün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi (odun) 33r, 33v

ge¯ige(n)

ge¯ige-dür

ge¯ige-dür meküs dumda 52v

ge¯igen-dür

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu ge¯igen-dür tögenetü kümün qula(uyu 29v

gem

gem

gem ülü bol- 37v, 51v

gem ügei dumda 49v, 49v, 49v

(a¯ar köndebesü gem ügei 58v

gem-tü

nidün-dü gem-dü kümün 4v

gemšil

gemšil

kemor gemšil bolumui 50r

gemšigüleng

gemšigüleng

gemšigüleng bolqu 50v, 50v

gen

1725
WORD INDEX

gen-dür

gen-dür uèira(san beri niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri bui

bügüdedü ma(u 54r

geng/ging

geng/ging

ii geng

ii geng yile 7v

ii geng edür 7v

ging baras sara 7v

ging luu sara 7v

ging morin sara 7v

ging beèin sara 7v

ging noqai sara 7v

ging qulu(an-a sara 7v

ging luu èa( 7v

ging morin èa( 7v

ging beèin èa( 7v

ging noqai èa( 7v

ging qulu(an-a èa( 7v

ging baras èa( 7v

ging šin<g> 41r

1726
WORD INDEX

ging šing 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

ger

ger 23r, 51v, 51v

ger baribasu 26r, 26v, 29v, 30v, 30v, 31v, 31v, 34r, 34r, 35r, 43r, 43v,

46v, 55v, 60r

köbegün-e ger baribasu 21v, 35r

köbegün-dür ger baribasu 34r

šin-e ger baribasu 24r, 35r

küü sang-un ger baribasu 25v

širid-ün ger baribasu 26v

qadan-dur ger baribasu 35v

süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür 37r

dabqur ger baribasu 43v

terigün-dür ger buu bari 55r

ger ed'kebesü 22v, 28v

debel ba ger ed'kebesü 35r

ger negübesü 23v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 36r, 36v

ger ¯asabasu 25v, 35v, 36r, 36v, 37r

šin-e ger ba qota ¯asabasu 25r

ger bayišing qota ¯asabasu 28r

ger tergen ¯asabasu 36r, 36v, 37r

1727
WORD INDEX

ger dotor-a yampar qa(uèin bara(an bürin-e ¯asabasu 36r

ger bosqabasu 28r

küü sang-un ger bosqabasu 20r

sang-un ger bosqabasu 36v

ger tergen bosqabasu 37r, 42r

šin-e ger abubasu 29v

sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r

ebderegsen ger buu selbi 34v

ger baribasu ¯ašabasu [=¯asabasu] 35v

qa(uèin ger ebdebesü 36r

ger büri- 36v, 47v

ger tergen šinedkebesü 45r

ger tergen arèi(ulbasu 54v

ger dotor-a qoor qomsa bolqu 57v

ger-eèe

ger-eèe nayir (arbasu 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v

gereèe nayir (arbasu 57r

ger-eèe x 57v, 58r, 58r

ger-te

ger-te-eèe

ötegü ükügsen-ü gerte-eèe morin qudaldubasu 31r

1728
WORD INDEX

isün gerte ni(u¯u 22v

örön-e qandu(san gerte abèu odba 22v

nigen ger-ün bara(an-i nököge gerte ¯okiyabasu 36v

gerte oro(ulu(èi 52v

šin-e kümün-i ülü asaraqu ba gerte ülü oro(ulqu edür 53v

ülü taèiyan gerte oro(ulbasu 53v

ger-tegen

gertegen ülü qariqu 48r

ger-tür

ger-tür-iyen

ger-dür-iyen qaribasu 36r

ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkü edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder

(arumui 6r

ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkeküi-dür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder

neme¯ü 6r

nara Qumqan-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu

bolumui 8r

naran ®i(asun-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula usun-dur qamu( ¯i(asun güimüi 9r

nara Qonin-u gertür oro(san-u tula Qonin èa(-iyar qura(alamui 10r

nara Üker-ün ger-dür oro(san-u tula üker qurièaqui sar-a bui 11r

naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula. yirtinèü-yin qamu( amitan

1729
WORD INDEX

quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r

Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gertür naran oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-dür

meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r

naran Arsalan-u gertür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki arsalan quraèimui 14r

naran Okin-u gertür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki<n> okid üjügürkeküi

èa( bui 15r

naran Èinglegüür-ün gertür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-deki dusul

terigüten-i èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi 16r

naran Tiler-ün gertür oro(sun-u tula. yirtinèü-deki amitan-i ala¯u

kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r

naran Numun-u gertür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-teki numun qata(uu

küèütü bolumui 18r

naran Matar-un ger-dür oro(san-u tula matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r

šin-e ger-tür orobasu 22r, 23r, 25v, 26v, 28v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 37r, 47v

ger-dür yamparba kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü 35v

ger-dür ¯oèid irekü 57r

noqai kegübesü ger-dür qula(ayièi oroqu 57v

ger-ün

ger-ün egüüde 23v

nigen ger-ün bara(an-i nököge gerte ¯okiyabasu 36v

gerün e¯in 47v

1730
WORD INDEX

ger-ün qo(osun 48v

gerün [n]iru(un metü 59v

gerel

gerel

Altan gerel ungši 42v

geresengeri

geresengeri 59r

gergi

gergi

Usun odun uèirabasu gergi olqu 46v

ges-

gesümüi

(a¯ar usun èöm gesümüi 9r

gešigün

gešigün-i

ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi 2r

gete-

getebesü

buliyan qula(ayièin-i getebesü 36r

buliyan qula(ai getebesü 36v

getülge-

1731
WORD INDEX

getülge

šin-e ba qa(uèin ong(oèa mörin-e buu oro(ul buu getülge 35v

geyi-/gi-

geyiküi

geyigsen

ör geyigsen 42v

geyiküi-dür

ör geyiküi-dür 38v, 39r, 39r, 42r

giküi

giküi-dür

ör giküi-dür gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

geyimü

ör geyimü 2r, 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

gi-

[see under geyi-]

gi/gii

gi

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi.

kemen ungšimui 35v

gi saki(èi edür 36r

èing gii edür sayin 48v

1732
WORD INDEX

gii

[see under ¯i; see also under gi]

gin

gin-dür

gin-dür uèira(san beri oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri bugüde-dü

toli bui 54r

ging

[see also under geng].

ging

qara ging üsüg

ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v

ginggang

ginggang

ginggang güikü edürün

ginggang güikü edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v

ginggang ideši erikü edür

ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v

ginggang kemebesü nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( kememüi

qamu(-i ügeyiregülügèi qara šimu kememü 42v

öšiyerkü qara edür ginggang šingpüng güiküi edür ma(u 53r

giškim

1733
WORD INDEX

giškim

nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a kümün-ü

öngge ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

giškim-e

nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge

tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

göq-a

göq-a-bar

jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-a-bar tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v

görögeèin

görögeèin

görögeèin šimnus-un odun 59r

görögesün

görögesün

görögesü terigün metü 59v

görögesün-ü

(urban odun-u düri inü görögesün-ü terigün metü bui 26r

(urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan metü bui 29v

(urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün metü bui 30r

gšan

gšan

1734
WORD INDEX

eng terigün gšan kiged nige da(un kemekü qoyar ¯üil buyu 5r

eng terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar

nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu 5r

gšan-aèa

nigen gšan-aèa ekile¯ü edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u 5r

Gung-¯ii

Gung-¯ii

arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung-¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u

edür-<y>i ü¯ekü anu 47r

güi

güi 52r

uu güi

uu güi yile 7v

uu güi edür 7v

güi taulai

güi taulai sara 7v

güi taulai èa( 7v

güi mo(ai

güi mo(ai sara 7v

güi mo(ai èa( 7v

güi qonin

1735
WORD INDEX

güi qonin sara 7v

güi qonin èa( 7v

güi takiy-a

güi takiy-a sara 7v

güi takiy-a èa( 7v

güi (aqai

güi (aqai sara 7v

güi (aqai èa( 7v

güi üker

güi üker sara 7v

güi üker èa( 7v

šim güi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r/šim yii [=güi] 52r, 52r

güi-

güikü

šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v

Bati bata güikü edürün belge inu ala( nidün bui 20v

ginggang güikü edürün belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v

baling do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v

erlig-ün èinu-a güikü na(šidar 28r

güiküi

qara šingpüng güiküi 42r

1736
WORD INDEX

ginggang šingpüng güiküi edür 53r

güimüi 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v

usun-u dotor-a ¯i(asun güimüi 8r

usun-dur qamu( ¯i(asun güimüi 9r

ideši eren güimüi 40r, 40r

¯üg güimüi 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r

edür düli emün-e ¯üg-eèe umara ¯üg güimüi 40r

örön-e-eèe doron-a ¯üg söni düli güimüi 40r

qoyar sarayin Baras Beèin edür söni düli güimüi 42r

egüni güikü eser'gü èirig uduridbasu 40r

edür nara ur(u(san qoyin-a güimüi 42r

Baras Beèin edür ör geyiküi-dür güimüi 42r

Üker Qonin edür nara šinggeküi èa(tur güimüi 42r

Tabun sarayin Üker Qonin edür nara ur(uqui èa(tur güimüi 42r

®ir(u(an sarayin üker Qonin edür nara manduqui-dur güimüi 42v

Dolo(an sarayin Luu Noqai edür nara manduqui èa(tur güimüi 42v

ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v

güièe-/güièi-

güièemüi/güièimüi

morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün güièimüi 12r

güièiyü

1737
WORD INDEX

belge inu qonin èaddu(ad tar(u güièiyü 13r

güilesü

güilesü

alim-a güilesü terigüten ¯imis ur(umui 13r

gün-e

ai qa(an narin-a ü¯e¯ü gün-e ono¯u medegdeküi 34r

g’zangdang

g’zangdang

Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala kyagvasèolab

[=pyagvasèolab] 32r

ibegel

ibegel

(abiy-a-tu sarayin šinede ibegel edür ba(u(daqui 52r

¯asal ¯asan ¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu ibegel ögküi abqui gara( odun ¯il saran

edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v

er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü anu 54v

qulu(an-a luu beèin ¯ilten ibegel ¯okiqu 54v

ide-

ide¯ü

modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad 9r

¯imis ide¯ü èiddu(ad 14r

1738
WORD INDEX

qamu( šiba(un tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui 15r

idekü

Qonin edür em ülü idekü 57v

miq-a-yi ülü idekü 58r/miq-a ülü idekü58r

idemüi

üker-ün bey-e qala(un bol¯u ebesün èiddlan idemüi 19r

idegen

idegen

eldeb idegen kiged takil beledèü talbi(ad tngri (a¯ar-<y>i taki 32v

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu 43r

ed idegen oldayu 45v

ed idegen olqu bui 56v

idegen olqu 49v, 50v

idegen umda(an uèaraqu 50r, 50r, 50r

darasun idegen uèaram 50r

idegen qurim uèaraqu 50r

idegen idegülügèi 52v

idegen-dü

idegen-dü uèaraqu 50r

idegen-dür

darasun idegen-dür uèiraqu 58r

1739
WORD INDEX

idegen-iyen

ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r

idegülügèi

idegülügèi

idegen idegülügèi 52v

ideši

ideši

gara( ideši erikü edürün 20v

saran-lu(-a edür qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin

¯arudasun baling do(šin 39v

tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edür 20v

ginggang ideši erikü edür 20v

(a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edür 20v

(a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r

ideši eren güimüi 40r, 40r

ideši ereküi èa( 42v

gara(-ud-un do(šin ideši eriküi inu 43v

ii

ii 52r

ii geng

ii geng yile 7v

1740
WORD INDEX

ii geng edür 7v

ii taulai sara 7v

ii mo(ai sara 7v

ii qonin sara 7v

ii takiy-a sara 7v

ii (aqai sara 7v

ii üker sara 7v

ii taulai èa( 7v

ii mo(ai èa( 7v

ii qonin èa( 7v

ii takiy-a èa( 7v

ii (aqai èa( 7v

ii üker èa( 7v

¯a ii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

i¯a(ur

i¯a(ur

na(šidar-a i¯a(ur obo(-iyar il(abasu 61r

i¯a(ur-tan

i¯a(ur-tan-a

(a¯ar ködelbesü barama i¯a(ur-tan-a ma(ui 31v

ila-

1741
WORD INDEX

ila¯u

ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen burqan 1v

ilaqui

busud-i ilaqui 37v

ila(a-

ila(ayu

sayin ma(u-yi ila(ayu 46r

ila(u-

ila(u(san

šim[n]us-i ila(u(san edürün belge 20r

šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür 45r

ila(un

ila(un daru(da(èi odun 59r

ila(u(èi

ila(u(èi

aliba-yi ila(u(èi 25v

ilang(uy-a

ilang(uy-a 2r

ildanbala

ildanbala

1742
WORD INDEX

Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala kyagvasèolab

[=pyagvasèolab] 32r

ildün

ildün

qoyar odun-u düri inu ildün metü bui 28r

iledte

iledte

ilede qono( tasuraqu busu bögetel-e 3v

dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i iledte medeküi 5v

ilegüü

ilegüü

edür-ün ilegüü duta(uu 2r

¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r

ilegüüde-

ilegüüdebei

ene ilegüüdebei 20v

il(a-

il(abasu

qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu 60v

qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i tabun maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r

na(šidar-a i¯a(ur obo(-iyar il(abasu 61r

1743
WORD INDEX

šin-e (a¯ar il(abasu 61r

il(a¯u

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v

¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r

odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-yi il(a¯u bièisügei 46r

¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u bièisügei 48r

ede önggetü ¯il orobasu ¯iran ¯üil il(a¯u ü¯e 52r

il(ayu

na(šidarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r

odun-u sayin-i edür-iyer il(ayu 46r

il(al

il(al

il(al 2r

qariqui ba. abqu gegeküi-yin il(al 2v

ma(u il(al 56v

il(al-i

èa(-un il(al-<y>i medesügei 5r

sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v

il(ari

il(ari 26v

okin bögesü il(ari bui 23r

1744
WORD INDEX

ima(an

[see under yama(an]

ina(u[n]ki

ina(u[n]ki

(urban èa(-un uqa(-a edüi bodgalis-dur ina(u[n]ki terigüten šitün

barildaqui üiles keregtü kemen 1v.

inaru

(urban èa(-i uqa(-a inaru 1v

in¯i

in¯i

köbegün-e ömèi ülü ögküi. okin-dur in¯i ülü ögküi ma(u edür inu 53v

inu

inu 2r, 2v, 3r, 3r, 3r, 3r, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v, 4v, 4v, 5r, 5r,

5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 6r, 6r, 6v, 8r, 9r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 20r, 20r,

20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20v, 20v, 20v,

20v, 20v, 24v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r,

29v, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 32r, 32r, 34v,

35r, 35r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v,

39v, 39v, 40r, 41r, 42r, 42v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v,

44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48v, 50r, 50r, 53v, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r,

1745
WORD INDEX

55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 56v

teyin böged arilu(san-u to(-a inu 2r

ire-

irebesü

dayisun esergü irebesü 22r

erkeèi iribasu 36v

ire¯ü 29v, 30v

örön-e ¯üg-eèe ire¯ü 22v

doron-a emün-e ¯üg-eèe ¯ir(u(an kümün ire¯ü qula(u¯u amui 25r

irekü

önggeregsen döèin dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bögesü tere sara

edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v

saras-un yeke öèüken-i irekü bögesü mön egün-eèe eregdeküi 6v

¯i(ulèin yabubasu qari¯u ülü irekü 41r

ke¯iy-e-ben ¯obalang-aèa ülü qa(aèin qarinèu ülü irekü 47v

qo(osun irekü 49v, 50v, 50v

ger-eèe nayir (arbasu ¯oèid irekü 57r, 57v, 58r

ger-eèe nayir (arbasu qola (a¯arèa ¯oèid irekü 57r

gereèe nayir (arbasu qola-aèa qudalduèin irekü 57r

ger-eèe nayir (arbasu qola-yin ¯oèid irekü 57v

noqai kegübesü öni qola (a¯ar-a öni qutu(-aèa bièig irekü 57r

1746
WORD INDEX

keriy-e kegübesü sayin bayasqulang-du kele irekü 57r

nayitabasu ger-dür ¯oèid irekü 57r

nayitabasu ¯oèid irekü 58r

keriy-e kegübesü kündülegdekü ¯oèid irekü 57v

debel tülebesü qa¯ibasu ma(u. üge irekü 58r

ireküi

ireküi-dür

dayisun(-i) esergü ireküi-dür 23r, 23v, 24v

dayisun-i esergü ireküi-tür. qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar

odèu 21v

dayisun eser’gü iriküi-dür [=ireküi-dür] 24r

iremüi

¯i(ur-a qamu( šiba(ud iremüi 10r

iro-a

iro-a

Qulu(an-a edür iro-a buu ü¯e 34r

Qulu(an-a edür iro-a ülü ü¯ekü 57r

ger-eèe x sayin iro-a bui 57v

irüge-

irügebesü

irüger irügebesü 27v

1747
WORD INDEX

irüger/erüger

irüger

irüger irügebesü 27v

erüger-tü

yeke erüger-dü [=irüger-tü] bolumui 47v

isangla-

isanglabasu

noyan isanglabasu 61r

isanglaqu

noyad isanglaqu 35v

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür 37r

Üker edür noyan ülü isanglaqu 57r

isgarma

isgarma

Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala kyagvasèolab

[=pyagvasèolab] 32r

iske-/eske-

iskebesü

darasun iskebesü 23r, 23v

ariki eskebesü [=iskebesü] 31v

ariki iskebesü 46v

1748
WORD INDEX

isün

isün

önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sarayin arban tabun edüge ene on-u

qubi sarayin nigen šinide tokiyaldumui 7r

Isün sara 16r, 16r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

isün adqu široi 22r

isün aya(-a usun 22r

isün kümün 22r, 22v, 26r, 27v, 53v

isün ger 22v

isün qono( 23r

isün doboèa( široi 23v

isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür kemekü na(šidar bui 25r

isün odun 26r

egüdügsen isün tngri-yi uribasu 28v

isün ¯üil tariyan 30r, 31r

isün ¯üil öngge-dü keb-üd 32v

isün gara( 32v

isün ¯iruqai 42v

isün ¯üil modu 50v

nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad buyu 34r, 59r

1749
WORD INDEX

nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi Abiji buyu 34r

isün isün-e ma(u 53r

isün šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r,

40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 54r

šinein isün 39v, 41v, 44v

arban isün 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v,

39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 54r

qorin isün 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v,

40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 58v

qorin isün bitegüü bolumui 3r

isün-e 38r, 56r

isün isün-e ma(u 53r

arban isün-e 10r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 53r, 56r

qorin isün-e 11r, 12r, 38v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 47v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r

isün-eèe

¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r

iši(n)

iši

iši ü¯igülbesü 28r

1750
WORD INDEX

iši buu ü¯igül 34r

Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v

noyan iši ¯ol(abasu 37r

iši-dür

noyad iši-dür ¯ol(obasu sayin 35v

iši-ten

išiten tübšidkü üiles 61r

išin-dü

tu(-un išin-tü uya¯u 50v

itegel

itegel

ende amitan-u itegel burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g 2r

itegelügei 61r

Jagavar

Jagavar-un

tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali bui 32v

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a

neretü qoyar odun bui 32v

JagŸarvadi

köbegün töröbesü JagŸarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saèa(uu boluyu 26v

Jagr-a sambur-a

1751
WORD INDEX

Jagr-a sambur-a 1v

Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün 2v

Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar 3r

janggün/sanggün

janggün, 9v, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r

janggün doron-a 8r

sanggün umar-a 19r

Jayitari/Èayitari/Jayitar

Jayitari 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 21r, 37v, 52r,

59r, 59v, 60v/Èayitari 19v

Jayitari sara

Èa(-un kürdün-dür qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi ¯il-ün

terigün bol(a¯u 3r

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür qaburun dumdadu Jayitari

sara 10r

Jayitari na(šidar 28r

o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r

usun galab bol(a(èi Jayitari bui 33r

miqaèi ¯a(an Jayitari buyu 34r

Ašivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v

1752
WORD INDEX

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al

bui 61r

tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v

debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v

em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 56r

Kerteg Margašar Èayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v

Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r

jen

jen-dür

jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-a-bar tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v

ji

ji

ji üsüg

qara šingpüng-yin [=šingpüng-ün] belge inu qara ji üsüg bui 42v

jii

jii

qara jii üsüg

šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v

jindamuni/èindamuni

jindamuni 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r

1753
WORD INDEX

ögede qandu(san jindamuni 44v

öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni

bui 20r

qara èindamuni

kelinèitü edürün belge inu qara èindamuni bui 20r

doro(ši qandu(san jindamuni ene bui 45r

qara jindamuni ene bui 45r

jindamuni metü 59v

dörben odun-u düri inu jindamuni metü bui 28v

jva

jva

qara jva üsüg

do(šin edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r

¯a

¯a

¯a ii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

¯a ¯i kemekü 7r

¯a yii yile 7v

¯a gi edür 7v

¯a baras sara 7v

¯a luu sara 7v

1754
WORD INDEX

¯a morin sara 7v

¯a beèin sara 7v

¯a noqai sara 7v

¯a qulu(an-a sara 7v

¯a luu èa( 7v

¯a morin èa( 7v

¯a beèin èa( 7v

¯a noqai èa( 7v

¯a qulu(an-a èa( 7v

¯a baras èa( 7v

¯absar

¯absar-tu

Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a edür ¯absar-du 58v

¯adala-

¯adalabasu 32r

¯a(al

¯a(al

¯a(al morin

¯a(an [=¯a(al] morin qudaldubasu sayin bui 17r

¯a(al morin sur(abasu 29r

¯a(aldu-

1755
WORD INDEX

¯a(aldubasu 35v, 47v

¯ar(u ¯a(aldubasu 42v

¯a(alduqui

¯ar(u ¯a(alduqui 47v

¯a(an

¯a(an

tabun odun-u düri inu ¯a(an metü bui 30v

miqaèi ¯a(an odun 59r

¯a(an-dur

miqaèi ¯a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v

miqaèi ¯a(an Jayitari buyu 34r

èo(tu yeke ¯a(an-dur tariyan buu tari 33v

èo(tu yeke ¯a(an Mig buyu 34r

¯a(an-u

¯a(an-u terigün metü 59v, 59v

¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui 29v

(urban odun[-u] düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui 31r

¯a(u(n)

¯a(u

¯a(u qono(-du tüimer šitaqu 60r

¯a(u qono(-du ükükü 60r

1756
WORD INDEX

¯a(un

nigen qono(-i ¯a(un möèi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun 6r

nigen edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu 6r

Savadai na(šidar kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi na(šidar 28v

nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Suvadi buyu 33v

nigen gegün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

nigen gegün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Burvabadaribad buyu 33v

nigen üker-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

nigen üker-<y>i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Rôkini buyu 33v

nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Asli( buyu 33v

nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi Rivad'i buyu 33v

¯a(un amin-dur kürümüi 47v

(urban ¯a(un ¯iran

nigen on (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bol(a¯u 6v

nigen ¯il-dür (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bui 33r

(urban ¯a(un ¯iran ¯ir(u(an

(urban ¯a(un ¯iran ¯ir(u(an edür-i nigen on bol(aju 6

dolo(an ¯a(un qorin èa( bui 33r

1757
WORD INDEX

¯a(ur-a/¯i(ur-a

¯a(ur-a/¯i(ur-a

¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi 8r

¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] eliy-e šiba(un qošiyalamui 9r

¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] qamu( šiba(ud iremüi 10r

¯a(ur-a kökeg[e] šiba(un dong(oddumui 11r

¯a(ur-a salbarun ¯ul¯a(an degde¯ü nisümüi 12r

¯a(ur-a kir(a(ul šiba(un ¯ul¯a(lamui 13r

¯a(ur-a kökege<g> šiba(un emüneši qarimui 14r

¯a(ura ularu šiba(un qoršiyalamui 15r

¯a(ur-a anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r

¯a(ur-a usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u qa(dalamui 17r

¯a(ur-a salbar šiba(un öndegelemüi 18r

¯a(ura qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 19r

ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33v

kümün-i èidker-<y>i bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ula(èi Burnavasu

buyu 33v

kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi Tanis buyu 33v

¯a(ur-a qula(ai uèiraqu 50r

¯a(ur-a-ban

(a¯ar ködelbesü ar(-a beligten [=biligten] öber ¯a(uraban ebderemü 31v

1758
WORD INDEX

¯a(uraki

¯a(uraki-yi

bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki-yi to(ala¯u (urban ¯a(un

¯iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5r

¯ala(uu

¯ala(uu-dur

köbegün töröbesü ¯ala(uu-dur ¯oba(ad ötelküi-dür ¯ir(amui 61v

¯ali

¯ali

ar(-a ¯ali

ar(-a ¯ali yeke-dü bui 28r

¯ali-yu(an

suu ¯ali

su¯ali-yu(an taki¯u 21v

suu ¯ali-yu(an taki- 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v, 25v, 28v

¯am

¯am

¯am ¯asabasu 19r

¯an

¯an

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi.

1759
WORD INDEX

kemen ungšimui 35v

¯an e¯ilegèi edür 35v

¯anèi-

¯anèibasu

isün ¯üil tariyan-i ¯anèibasu 30r

¯anèiqu

edür kümün-i ülü qariyaqu ¯anèiqu 57v

Noqai edür noqai ülü te¯igekü ülü alaqu ülü ¯anèiqu 58r

¯ara(

¯ara(

kereg ¯ara(

kereg ¯ara( keyibesü 61r

¯ar(u

¯ar(u

¯ar(u qa(albasu 19r, 25v, 29v

¯ar(u kiged ükügsen kümün-e tüliši ögbesü 26v

¯ar(u buu sonos buu ¯i(-a 36r

¯ar(u ¯a(aldu- 42v, 47v

¯ar(u-du

¯ar(u-du oroqu 50r

¯ar(ula-

1760
WORD INDEX

¯ar(ulan

belbesün em-e kümün ¯ar(ulan ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 25r

¯arim

¯arim

¯arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r

¯arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r

¯arimdu(

¯arimdu(

¯arimdu( vaèir 38r

qariqui edürün belge inu ¯arimdu( vaèir bui 20r

¯ariyan

¯ariyan-u

so( ¯ariyan

so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün 60r

¯arli(

¯arli(

¯arli( nom kiged Nagajuna terigüten degedü merged-ün ta(alal 4r

¯arlig bièig tarqabasu 18r

¯arli( bolurun

sadhu kemeged ¯arli( bolurun 32v

¯arli( nom medekü bolumui 37v

1761
WORD INDEX

¯arli(-un

¯arli(-un èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 22v

¯aru-

¯arubasu

elèi ¯arubasu 31v

¯arumui

eèige eke-yu(an ¯arumui 43r

¯arudasun

¯arudasun

¯arudasun quduldubasu 24v, 30r

gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin ¯arudasun baling do(šin 39v

üküger qara ¯arudasun odun 59r

bo(ol ¯arudasun abqui 61v

¯asa-

¯asabasu

¯am ¯asabasu 19r

ordo qarši ¯asabasu 21v

qota ¯asabasu 22v, 23v, 24r, 29r

šin-e ger ba qota ¯asabasu 25r

ger ¯asabasu 25v, 35v, 36r, 37r

ger baribasu ¯asabasu 30v/ger baribasu ¯ašabasu [=¯asabasu] 35v

1762
WORD INDEX

ger tergen ¯asabasu 36r, 36v, 37r

ger dotor-a yampar qa(uèin bara(an bürin-e ¯asabasu 36r

qa(uèin ger ¯asabasu 36v

ger bayišing qota ¯asabasu 28r

luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu 30r

šin-e širigen oro ¯asabasu 36v

ebedèin-i ¯asabasu 36v

qa(uèin üküger-ün yasun ¯asabasu 36v

suba( ¯asabasu 42r

qabèi(ai ¯asabasu 46v

¯asamui

qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 8r, 19r

¯asan

¯asal ¯asan ¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu 54v

¯asaqu

¯asaqu 47v

¯asal

¯asal

kereg ¯asal

kereg ¯asal üiledbesü 30v

ger-dür yamparba kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü 35v

1763
WORD INDEX

kereg ¯asal kibesü 44v

em ¯asal

em ¯asal èungla(ulbasu 35v

èa(an ¯asal 45r

èa(an ¯asal kibesü 39v

qara sarayin ¯asal anu. isün ¯üil modu. buq-a-yin yeke qara segul. numu

èa(an qada( kiged šingqun. šiker (angla(ur terigüten. tu(-un išin-du

uya¯u qadqu(ad èa(an tosun ba. buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü.

Qubi sarayin dolo(an šinide Baras ¯ilün qarši beèin ¯üg qadqu. tegünèilen

ali edür bögesü tere sarayin qarši ¯üg qadqu sayin bui 50v

¯asal ¯asan ¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu 54v

¯aya(a(n)

¯aya(a-tu

köbegün töröbesü mungqa( böged usun-dur ükükü ¯aya(atu bui 31r

¯aya(an-u

qoyar ¯aya(an-u üile-dür (abiy-a ügei bolumui 27r

¯ayid-

¯ayidèu

nigen kümün üsün-iyen ¯ayidèu 24r

¯ayila-

¯ayila¯u

1764
WORD INDEX

burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu širo(ai-dur adali egün-eèe ¯ayila¯u 48r

¯ayilaqu

qamu( ma(u üiles ¯ayilaqu buyu 42v

¯ayilatu(ai

yeke negüdel yabubasu maši ma(u keèiyen ¯ayilatu(ai 41v

¯ayila(da-

¯ayila(daqu

aliba üiles egün-eèe ¯ayila(daqu bolai 58v

¯ayila(daqui

tere maši qata(uu do(šin-u tulada. ¯ayila(daqui 43r

aliba üiles-i tegün-eèe ¯ayila(daqui 43r

¯egerde/¯igerde

¯egerde/¯igerde 52v

¯egerde qal¯an morin 4v

¯igerde morin 21v, 22v

¯egeren

¯egeren

¯egeren taki qošiyalamui 18r

¯egün

¯egün

¯egün köl 24r

1765
WORD INDEX

¯egün qabar(-a 55r

¯egün-de

¯egünde 58v, 58v/¯egü[n]de 58v

¯ele

¯ele-yin

qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v

¯erge

¯erge-dür

degedüs-ün ¯erge-dür oroqu 24r

ma(ui arad-i sayid-un ¯erge-dür oro(ulu(èi 33r

ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un ¯erge-düroro(ulu(èi Qasta buyu 33v

¯erge-eèe

tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ura(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r

tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ur(ulu(èi Abaji buyu 33v

¯ergele-

¯ergelebesü

to(osq-a ¯ergelebesü 32r

¯erimdeg

¯erimdeg

do(olang yerimdeg [=¯erimdeg] a(sad (a¯ar 24r.

¯i/yii/gi/gii

1766
WORD INDEX

¯i/gii 52r

¯a ¯i

¯a ¯i kemekü 7r

¯a yii [=¯i] yile 7v

¯a gi [=¯i] edür 7v

gii taulai sara 7v

gi mo(ai sara 7v

gii qonin sara 7v

gi takiy-a sara 7v

gi (aqai sara 7v

gi üker sara 7v

gi taulai èa( 7v

gi mo(ai èa( 7v

gi qonin èa( 7v

gi takiy-a èa( 7v

gii (aqai èa( 7v

gi üker èa( 7v

uu gii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r/uu ¯ii 52r

¯ibqa-

¯ibqaqu

mal ¯ibqaqu 50v

1767
WORD INDEX

¯ibqara-

¯ibqarabasu

ada(usun ¯ibqarabasu 22r, 27r

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v,

30r, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v

ada(usun ba ed ¯ibqarabasu 23r

ed ¯ibqarabasu 23v

ed ada(usun ¯ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 27r, 27v, 29r

¯ibqara(san

¯ibqara(san-i

¯ibqara(san-i eribesü 23v

¯ibqaqu

mal ¯ibqaqu 50v

¯i(a-

¯i(-a

¯ar(u buu sonos buu ¯i(-a 36r

¯i(abasu

doron-a ¯üg qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur ¯i(abasu 24v

¯i(a¯u

belbesün qatun kümün ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 22v

belbesün em-e kümün ¯ar(ulan ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 25r

1768
WORD INDEX

aqa degüü qoyar kümün uèira¯u ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 25v

umara ¯üg-ün band'i ba bombo kümün ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 26r

bombo aq-a degüü qoya(ula ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 26r

(a(èa(ar toyin ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 30r

qula(ayièi-yin aèi inu ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 31v

gara( ba yabuqui odun bügüde-yi ¯i(a¯u ögsügei 32v

¯i(asun

¯i(asun

usun-u dotor-a ¯i(asun güimüi 8r

naran ®i(asun-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula usun-dur qamu( ¯i(asun güimüi 9r

öèüken ¯i(asun qošiyalamui 11r

¯i(asun (okilabasu 36r

¯i(asun šigürdebesü 36v

usun-aèa ¯i(asun eribesü 47v

¯i(asun-u

®i(asun-u ger 9r

¯i(uèi

¯i(uèi-du

ede sarada ¯i(uèi-du ma(u bui 51r

¯i(ulèila-

¯i(ulèilabasu 21v, 22v, 25v, 25v, 27r, 28r, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 35r,

1769
WORD INDEX

60r

qola ¯i(ulèilabasu 25r

noyad isanglaqu busud-iyar ¯i(ulèilabasu 35v

¯i(ulèin

¯i(ulèin

¯i(ulèin kümün mör (arqu na(šidar bui 26v

¯i(ulèin yabubasu 41r

¯i(ulèin mör türidkegèi odun 59r

Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui60v

¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v

¯i(ur-a

[see under ¯a(ur-a]

¯igerde

[see under ¯egerde]

¯igü-

¯igübesü

qa(al(-a ¯igübesü 43v, 46v, 48r

¯igüküi

èimeg ¯igüküi 46r, 61r

¯igür

¯igür-tü

1770
WORD INDEX

šiba(un ¯igürtü 55v

¯il

¯il 51r, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 58v, 58v

¯il kiged naiman ayima( terigüten (a¯ar usun-u e¯id ba èi(ulqui qariqui

ba. qami(-a sa(uqui terigüten-i Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v

¯il ur(uqui-yin terigün-dür šinelekü 3r

¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui 4r

nigen gšan-aèa ekile¯ü edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u 5r

arban qoyar sar-a nigen ¯il 5r

nara emüneši odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu nigen ¯il bolumui 5v

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui. tegün-eèe

ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkü edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui.

tende-eèe nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui. tegünèe ni¯iged ni¯iged

gertür yegüdkeküi-dür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder neme¯ü ¯ir(u(an qubi

següder-dür kürbesü nigen ¯il bolumui 6r

ene saban ekilegsen ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r

qarši ¯il

sabanügey-eèe bolbasu qarši ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r

ali ¯il tus bolbasu ülü yegüdken qulu(an-a-aèa terigülen 7r

ali ¯il bögesü qoyitu qoyar ¯il qaburun ekin bolumui 7r

1771
WORD INDEX

door-a to(ori(èi arban qoyar sara-dur nigen ¯il 33r

nigen edür-dü nigen ¯il bui 33r

¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r

èa(an baras king šing. qara mo(ai šim küi. köke beèin ¯a ii šira (aqai

uu gii ed naiman ¯il qara bui 41r

odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-<y>i il(a¯u bièisügei 46r

¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v

na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v

¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u bièisügei 48r

ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyal-du(ul¯u ü¯egdeküi 51r

ede önggetü ¯il orobasu ¯iran ¯üil il(a¯u ü¯e 52r

ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v

u(tu(èi-yin ¯il 52r

¯asal ¯asan ¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu ibegel ögküi abqui gara( odun ¯il saran

edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v

Baras Morin Noqai ¯il emün-e sayin 55v

Taulai Qonin 'aqai ¯il doron-a sayin 55v

Qulu(ana Luu Beèin ¯il doron-a umara sayin 55v

Üker Mo(ai Takiy-a ¯il örön-e umara sayin 55v

¯il-dü

qariyal keyibesü (urban ¯il-dü ülü bütükü 42r

1772
WORD INDEX

¯il-dür

¯il-dür arban qoyar sara bui 3r

(urban ¯il-dür nigen saban sar-a bol- 3r, 4r

saban sara-yi adalidqabasu qulu(an-a ¯il-dür qaburun dumdadu sara

qoyar 4r

Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r

Morin ¯il-dür namurun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r

Takiy-a ¯il-dür ebülün dumdadu sara qoyar 4r

nigen ¯il-dür (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bui 33r

¯il-e

Qulu(an-a Morin ¯il-e qaburun dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi namurun dumdadu

ügegüregülegèi 41r

Üker Qonin ¯il-e qaburun eèüs ür-e tasulu(èi. namurun eèüs

ügeyiregülügèi sar-a bui 41r

Baras Beèin ¯il-e ¯un-u terigün ür-e tasulu(èi. ebülün terigün

ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r

Taulai Takiy-a ¯il-e ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi. ebülün dumdadu

ügeyiregülegèi sara bui 41r

Luu Noqai ¯il-e ¯un-ueèüs ür-e tasulu(èi ebülün eèüs ügeyir[e]gülügèi

sara bui 41r

Mo(ai 'aqai ¯il-e qaburun terigün ür-e tasulu(èi namurun terigün

1773
WORD INDEX

ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r

¯il-lüge

öèüken ¯il-lu(-a [=¯il-lüge] ni¯iged odun bui. ni¯iged gara( bui 33r

¯ilten 24r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v

taulai qoni (aqai ¯ilten qara morin unu¯u 22r

¯iltü 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v

¯iltü-dü

qulu(an-a ¯iltü okin-i taulai ¯iltüdü buu ög 54v

üker ¯iltü okin-i luu ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

baras ¯iltü okin-i mo(ai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

taulai ¯iltü okin-i morin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

luu ¯iltü okin-i qonin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

mo(ai ¯iltü okin-i beèin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

morin ¯iltü okin-i takiy-a ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

qonin ¯iltü okin-i noqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

beèin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i qulu(an-a ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

noqai ¯iltü-yi ükertü buu ög 54v

1774
WORD INDEX

(aqai ¯iltü-yi baras ¯iltüdü buu ög 54v

¯iltü-yi

noqai ¯iltü-yi ükertü buu ög 54v

qulu(an-a ¯iltü kümün 53r

¯il-ün

Jayitari sara-yi ¯il-ün terigün bol(a¯u 3r

¯il-ün terigün 10r

dötüger arban qoyar ¯ilün sayin ma(u-yi ügülesügei 34r

qubi sarayindolo(an šinide Baras ¯ilün qarši beèin ¯ügqadqu 50v

¯il-ün öngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ü¯ikü kürdün ene bui 52r

er-e-yin ¯il-ün eki èa(tu ba(uqu bui 52r

¯il-ün Tayisui kemebesü Qulu(an-a Üker ¯il doron-a. Baras Taulai ¯il

emün-e. Luu Mo(ai ¯il emün-e örön-e. Morin Qonin ¯il örön-e. Beèin

Takiy-a ¯il örön-e umara. Noqai 'aqai ¯il umara. ede ¯üg-dü sa(umu 55v

Qulu(an-a Üker 'aqai (urban ¯ilün (a¯ar-un ba(atud umar-a 58v

Baras Taulai Luu (urban ¯il-ün (a¯ar-un ba(atud doron-a 58v

¯ilün qo(osun 60r

¯ilten

[see above under ¯il]

¯imis

¯imis

1775
WORD INDEX

alim-a güilesü terigüten ¯imis ur(umui 13r

modun cim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü 14r

qamu( šiba(un tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui 15r

¯ingle-

¯inglebesü

tögenebesü ¯inglebesü 22v, 36v, 37r

¯iran

¯iran

¯iran da(un nigen möèe 5r

(urban ¯a(un ¯iran 5r

¯iran möèi nigen qubi 5v

¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v

(urban ¯a(un ¯iran ¯ir(u(an edür-i nigen on bol(aju 6v

nigen on (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bol(a¯u 6v

nigen ¯il-dür (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bui 33r

ede önggetü ¯il orobasu ¯iran ¯üil il(a¯u ü¯e 52r

¯iran nasulayu 61v, 61v

¯ir(a-

¯ir(abasu

na(adun èinggeldün ¯ir(abasu 31r

¯ir(amui

1776
WORD INDEX

öteleküi-dür ¯ir(amui 61v

¯ir(aqu

¯irüken-e mašida ¯ir(aqu 52v

küisün-e ürgül¯ide ¯okistai ¯ir(aqu 52v

¯ir(alang

¯ir(alang

¯ir(alang boluyu 50r

¯ir(alang-i

¯ir(alang-<y>i küsebesü 1v

amu(ulang ¯ir(alang-i törögülkü-yin tulada 2v

¯ir(alang-tu 46r, 52v

tegüs ¯ir(alang-tu bol- 25v, 27v, 29r

öl¯i qutu( tegüs¯ü ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v

¯ir(u(an

¯ir(u(an 25r

qamtudquy-yin ¯ir(u(an qubi-dur šitü¯ü 2r

¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r

¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r

¯ir(u(an qono( tasura- 3r, 3r

qono( tasura(san ¯ir(u(an sar-a 3v

¯ir(u(an amisqaqui 5v

1777
WORD INDEX

¯ir(u(an sar-a 5v

¯ir(u(an qono( 5v

¯ir(u(an tedüiken qubi 5v

edür ¯ir(u(an èa( 5v

söni ¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u 5v

¯ir(u(an qubi 6r, 6r

(urban ¯a(un ¯iran ¯ir(u(an edür-i nigen on bol(aju 6v

¯ir(u(an edür 26v

¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi 6v, 6v, 6v

¯ir(u(an edür-yi nigedbesü nigen saban sara bolumui 6v

¯ir(u(an yeke (sar-a) 6v

¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a 6v

(uèin ¯ir(u(an edür 6v

¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r

edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r

söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r

edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 13r

söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 14r

edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 18r

söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r

morin ¯ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

1778
WORD INDEX

12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v

¯ir(u(an šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 38v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v,

50v

šinein ¯ir(u(an 38r, 38r, 53r

arban ¯ir(u(an 3r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

38v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 53r

qorin ¯ir(u(an 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 37r, 39v, 40v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r

®ir(u(an sara 13r, 13r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

¯ir(u(an kümün 25r, 25r, 26r

¯ir(u(an odun 25r, 27r, 27v, 29v, 59v, 59v

¯ir(u(an qadu(ur odun 32v, 33v

¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu 34r

¯ir(u(an na(šidar 56v

¯ir(u(an-a 39v, 55v

qorin ¯ir(u(an-a 43r, 43r, 44v, 56r

qorin ¯ir(u(an-a qur-a ese orobasu 17r

1779
WORD INDEX

¯ir(u(an-a 43r

¯ir(u(an-a tarqamui 38r

arban ¯ir(u(an-a 39v, 43r, 43r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v

arban ¯ir(u(an-a söni düli 38v

arban ¯ir(u(an-a nara manduqui-dur 39r

¯ir(u(an-aèa

ebülün dumdadu sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-aèa ekilen to(ala¯u 5v

¯irge-

¯irgemüi

¯a(ur-a boro bo(šir(-a dolo(an šin-e-de ¯irgemüi 8r

¯iru-

¯irubasu

¯iru( ¯irubasu 15r

mandal ¯irubasu 23r

dayisun-i ner-e-yi ¯irubasu 27v

dayisun ner-e-yi ¯irubasu 32r

¯iru¯u

dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e-yi ¯iru¯u 23r

¯iruyu

isün ¯iruqai ene metü ¯iruyu 42v

¯iru(

1780
WORD INDEX

¯iru(

¯iru( ¯irubasu 15r

¯iruqai

¯iruqai

kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui 20r

solbi(san qara ¯iruqai 20v, 44v

tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui 20v

¯iruqai to(alabasu 31v

isün ¯iruqai ene metü ¯iruyu 42v

¯iruqai-dur

ari(un gegen-e ¯iruqai-dur tegši ¯okiyabai 2v

biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(šidar 26r

¯irüken

¯irüken

Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur 2v

¯irüken tarni uribasu 25v

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v

bayar qurim keyibesü ¯irüken metü amara( köbegün ükükü 42r

¯irüken-e

¯irüken-e mašida ¯ir(aqu 52v

¯oba-

1781
WORD INDEX

¯oba(ad

köbegün töröbesü ¯ala(uu-dur ¯oba(ad öteleküi-dür ¯ir(amui 61v

¯oba¯u

köbegün töröbesü eneleküi ¯obalang-iyar qoqui kemen ¯oba¯u yabumui 47v

¯obaqu

sedkil ¯obaqu 50r, 56r, 56r, 57v

¯obalang

¯obalang

¯obalang tngri

¯obalang tngri yabumui 11r

¯obalang bolqu 56r, 56r, 56r

qa(aèaqu ¯obalang bolqu 56r

¯obalang-aèa

ke¯iy-e-ben ¯obalang-aèa ülü qa(aèin qarinèu ülü irekü 47v

¯obalang-dur

(aši(un ¯obalang-dur ayul bolqu 27r

¯obalang-i

yirtinèü-tekin-ü ¯obalang-i aril(a¯u 2v

tüleküi-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r

¯obalang-iyar

köbegün töröbesü eneleküi ¯obalang-iyar qoqui kemen ¯oba¯u yabumui 47v

1782
WORD INDEX

¯obalang-un

¯obalang-un tngri

¯obalang-un tngri yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r

¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür 56v

¯obkis

¯obkis

dörben ¯obkis 54r, 54r

¯obkis-dur

dörben ¯obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v

¯oèid

¯oèid

¯oèid irekü 57r, 57r, 57v, 58r, 58r

qola (a¯arèa ¯oèid irekü 57r

qola-yin ¯oèid irekü 57v

kündülegdekü ¯oèid irekü 57v

¯oèid ülü uriqu 58r

¯oèid-i

¯oèid-i kündülebesü 29r

¯o(dor

¯o(dor

1783
WORD INDEX

arsalan-u ¯o(dor metü 59v

¯oki-

¯okiqu 54v, 54v

ülü ¯okiqu 54v, 56r

ülü ¯okiqu uèaral 46r, 46r

ülü ¯okiqu beri 52r

¯asal ¯asan ¯okiqu ülü ¯okiqu 54v

ibegel ü¯ekü anu. qulu(an-a luu beèin ¯ilten ibegel ¯okiqu 54v

olan arad ¯okiqu 56r

¯okila-

¯okilan

Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r

¯okildu-

¯okildun

nököd ülü ¯okildun qadquldu(ad 27r

köbegün töröbesü em-e-lüge-ben ülü ¯okildun bo(o¯u ükümüi 30v

¯okira-

¯okiramui

¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui 4r

¯okis

1784
WORD INDEX

¯okistai

küisün-e ürgül¯ide ¯okistai ¯ir(aqu 52v

¯okis-tu

tašiyan-dur ¯okis-tu bolqu 52v

sedkil-dür ¯okis-tu bolumui 56v

¯okiya-

¯okiyabai

ari(un gegen-e ¯iruqai-dur tegši ¯okiyabai 2v

Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v

burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v

arban qoyar šitün barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün-eèe

Nagajun-a-yin ¯okiya(san yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v

¯il kiged naiman ayima( terigüten (a¯ar usun-u e¯id ba èi(ulqui qariqui

ba. qami(-a sa(uqui terigüten-i Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v

¯okiyabasu

šin-e debel ¯okiyabasu 32r

em ¯okiyabasu 34v

nigen ger-ün bara(an-i nököge gerte ¯okiyabasu 36v

¯okiya(san

arban qoyar šitün barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün-eèe

1785
WORD INDEX

Nagajun-a-yin ¯okiya(san yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v

¯okiyasu(ai

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral

Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar ¯okiyasu(ai 45v

¯ol(a-/¯ol(o-

¯ol(o

temèildüküi-dü ¯ol(o 50v

¯ol(abasu/¯ol(obasu

dayisun-dur ¯ol(obasu 27r, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 34v

dayisun-a ¯ol(abasu 34v

dayisun-a ¯ol(obasu 60v

noyad iši-dür ¯ol(obasu 35v

noyan iši ¯ol(abasu 37r

¯ol(aqu/¯ol(oqu

dayisun-dur ¯ol(aqu 49v, 50v

tarnièi kümün ba. emèi otaèi kümün ba. ese bögesü keger-e moritu

kümün-dür ¯ol(oqu 4v

aq-a yeke kümün ba èa(an mori una(san ba èa(an debel emüsügsen

baèa(an noqai kötelügsen ba egeèi kümün-dür ¯ol(oqu 4v

¯egerde qal¯an morin una(san ba. bombo kümün ba ula(an debeltü kümün

ba ese bögesü degerem qula(ayièi ba keregür bara(ur-tur ¯ol(oqu 4v

1786
WORD INDEX

noyan kümün ba nigültü kümün ba. dooridu ma(u kümün ba. ese bögesü

köke boro mori unu(san ba. qudalduèin-lu(-a ¯ol(aqu 5r

bombo kümün ba qara kümün ba. ese bögesü qara morin unu(san ba.

usu egürügsen kümün-lüge ¯ol(aqu 5r

üker unu(san ba. qara morin unu(san. ba menekii metü qara kümün ba

ese bögesü qara ya(um-a bari(san em-e kümün-dür ¯ol(aqu 5r

dayisun ¯ol(aqu 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v

dayisun-a ¯ol(aqu 50v

ma(u arad-lu(-a ¯ol(oqu 57r

amara( kümün-lu(-a ¯ol(oqu 57v

¯ol(aqui

ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge ba nidün-dü gem-dü kümün-dü ¯ol(aqui 4v

¯ol(oldu-

¯ol(oldubasu 23r

¯oli(

¯oli(

buyan ¯oli( ögbesü 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r

buyan ¯oli( üiledbesü 31v

¯oli( qari(ulul buu üiled 34v

amin-u ¯oli( saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r

amin ¯oli( saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36v, 36v, 37r

1787
WORD INDEX

¯oliy-a

¯oliy-a

¯oliy-a mör 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

¯oliy-a ögbesü 41r

¯ori-

¯oriqu

qola (a¯ar ¯oriqu 58r

¯öb

¯öb to(ala 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 52v

¯öbleldü-

¯öbleldüküi

(ürban qula(ayièi ¯öbleldüküi na(šidar 27r

¯öbšiyere- -- to surround, circumambulate.

¯öbšiyerküy-e

Sümber a(ula-yi ¯öbšiyerküy-e 55r

¯ögebüri

[see under èögebüri]

¯ögelen

¯ögelen galbaranjan modun 23r

šilu(un ön<e>gge ¯ögelen odun 59r

¯ögelen obo(-tan 61v

1788
WORD INDEX

¯öng

¯öng bilig

¯öng bilig olu(san Manjušari tngri 1v

¯ula(

¯ula(-un

suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu esü( ¯ula(-un negegemel edür 60v

¯ul¯a(ala-

¯ul¯a(ala(san

¯ul¯a(ala(san-i

Taulai sara mön-ü tula belge inu modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i

taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad qošiyalamui 9r

¯ul¯a(alamui

Baras sara mön-ü tula belge inu baras ¯ul¯a(alamui 8r

¯a(ur-a kir(a(ul šiba(un ¯ul¯a(lamui 13r

'aqai sar-a. mön-ü tula belge inu (aqai nasu to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui 17r

¯ul¯a(an

¯ul¯a(an

salbarun ¯ul¯a(an

¯a(ur-a salbarun ¯ul¯a(an degde¯ü nisümüi 12r

¯ul¯a(an-iyan

Beèin sara mön-ü tula belge inu modun cim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü

1789
WORD INDEX

èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan te¯igemüi 14r

¯ud

nara sara kirtübesü yeke ¯ud bolumui 25v

¯un

¯un

qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai. aliba sayin

üiles-i èigerle 59r

¯un-u

¯un-u terigün sar-a

tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u terigün sara 10r

qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u terigün sar-a 11r

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u terigün Èista sar-a 12r

¯un-u terigün ür-e tasulu(èi 41r

¯un-u dumdadu sar-a

Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r

tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r

qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 12r

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 13r

¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r

¯un-u eèüs sar-a

tariyaèin-dur ¯un-u eèüs sara qara 12r

1790
WORD INDEX

qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur ¯un-u eèüs sara 13r

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯un-u eèüs Abiji sara 14r

¯un-u eèüs ür-e tasulu(èi 41r

¯un-u nara bayiqu 6v

¯un-u naran bayiqu èa( 12r

¯un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 55r

¯un-u (urban sar-a Taulai Luu Noqai èa( qara 42r

¯un

¯un

èün ¯un

èün ¯un bolbasu 6r

teng šiu ¯un

qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r

¯uu

[see under yuu]

¯üg

¯üg 42v, 58v

umar-a ¯üg 3r, 5v, 6r, 23v, 37v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v

örön-e ¯üg 22r, 23r, 24v, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v

doron-a ¯üg 23r, 24v, 27r, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v

emün-e ¯üg 23v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v, 58v

1791
WORD INDEX

örön-e emün-e ¯üg 26r

örön-e umar-a ¯üg 54r

aliba ta(alaqui ¯üg (ada(ši odbasu 4v

oyir-a ¯üg eri oldayu 24r

beèin ¯üg

qubi sarayin dolo(an šinide Baras ¯ilün qarši beèin ¯üg qadqu 50v

qarši ¯üg

ali edür bögesü tere sarayin qarši ¯üg qadqu sayin bui 50v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg 52r

dayiwang tayiqu Qangpan- qongpan šitügen-ü eke šabšu kiged-ün ¯üg

buu yabu 53r

beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu ¯üg 53v

beri mör (arqu ¯üg 54r

¯üg-e

Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v

¯üg-eèe 29v, 40r, 40r, 42r

emün-e ¯üg-eèe 5v

örön-e ¯üg-eèe ire¯ü örön-e qandu(san gerte abèu odba 22v

doron-a emün-e ¯üg-eèe ¯ir(u(an kümün ire¯ü qula(u¯u amui 25r

ber'i ba(ul(aqui ¯üg kemebesü er-e-yin em ¯üg-eèe ba(u(daqui 52r

¯üg-iyer

1792
WORD INDEX

qono( tasuraqui nigen ¯üg-iyer ülü bol(an kièiyen ü¯egdeküi 3v

¯üg-tü

ede ¯üg-dü sa(umu 55v

¯üg-tür

baling do(šin qami(-a sa(uqu tere ¯üg-dür yasun (ar(abasu mör

bütügekü-yin urida kimor bolqu 41r

¯üg-ün 26r, 26v, 27r, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30v, 31r, 31r

doron-a ¯üg-ün kümün 25v

doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r

emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un dolo(an na(šidar anu tegüsbe 29r

örön-e ¯üg-ün altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegüsbe 31r

umara ¯üg-ün usun-u dolo(an na(šidar tegüsbe 32r

arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ünsayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün ene

bui 50r

arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50r

dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v

¯üil

¯üil

nigen ¯üil 51r

basa nigen ¯üil 5v, 60v

qoyar ¯üil

1793
WORD INDEX

eng terigün gšan kiged nige da(un kemekü qoyar ¯üil buyu 5r

(urban ¯üil

qono(-un (urban ¯üil 2r

(urban ¯üil-iyer üiles-ün sayin ma(u-yiila(ayu 46r

tabun ¯üil

tabun ¯üil bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v

isün ¯üil

isün ¯üil tariyan

isün ¯üil tariyan-i ¯anèibasu 30r

isün ¯üil tariyan (ada(ši ögbesü 31r

isün ¯üil öngge-dü keb-üd-i uya¯u 32v

isün ¯üil modu 50b

¯iran ¯üil

ede önggetü ¯il orobasu ¯iran ¯üil il(a¯u ü¯e 52r

¯üil-dür

nom-un ¯üil-dür duratai buyu 25v

¯üil-iyer

(urban ¯üil-iyer üiles-ün sayin ma(u-yi ila(ayu 46r

¯ülge

¯ülge-yin

¯ülge-yin èièig

1794
WORD INDEX

¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi 15r

¯üsü(n)

unuqu morin-u ¯üsü 52v

¯üsün

morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün güièimüi 12r

kam

kam-dur

kam-dur uèira(san beri (ar-ta(an odèu( bari(san bui bügüde-dü

sayin 54r

ke

ke

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v

ke negegèi edür 36v

keb

keb-iyer

qara keb-iyer manglai uriya¯u 24v

keb-üd

keb-üd-i

tas ödütü sumun-dur isün ¯üil öngge-dü keb-üd-i uya¯u 32v

1795
WORD INDEX

kebeli/kebili

kebeli

kebeli inu emün-e amui 55r

kebeli inu örön-e 55r

kebeli inu umara 55v

kebeli inu doron-a 55r

kebili-dür

kebili-dür köbegün olan 52v

kebili-tür adu(usun buu ab 55r

kebte-

kebte¯ü

¯egün qabar(-a kebte¯ü 55r

kebtegül-

kebtegülbesü

mal šin-e kebtešin-e kebtegülbesü 35v, 36v, 36v

adu(usun-i šin-e kebtešin-dür kebtegülbesü 36r

kebtešin

kebtešin-dür

adu(usun-i šin-e kebtešin-dür kebtegülbesü 36r

kebtešin-e

mal šin-e kebtešin-e kebtegülbesü 35v, 36v, 36v

1796
WORD INDEX

keèiye-

keèiye

öber-ün saki(ulsun-iyan keèiye 43r

keèiyeküi

keèiyeküi üiles 13r

keèiyen

yeke negüdel yabubasu maši ma(u keèiyen ¯ayilatu(ai 41v

ede-[y]i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52r

[. . .] kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v

kedber

kedber

basa kedber merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesügei kemebesü 6v

kedün

kedün

ene kedün edür 47v

keger-e

keger-e

keger-e moritu kümün 4v

keger-e

keger-e

keger-e oyir-a bui 24r

1797
WORD INDEX

kegeri

kegeri

ula(an kegeri bari¯u 21v

qara kegeri bariju 22r

köke kegiri bari¯u 23v

èa(an keg[e]ri bari¯u 23v

šara kegeri bari¯u 24v

kegü-

kegübesü

noqai kegübesü 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v

keriy-e ba ša(a¯a(ai: kegübesü 57r

keriy-e kegübesü 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r

kegüken

kegüken

kegüken abun neyilèikilbesü 36r

kegür¯igen-e

kegür¯igen-e

kegür¯igen-e šiba(un

takiy-a kegür¯igen-e šiba(un öndegelemüi 19r

kegüür/kegür

kegüür

1798
WORD INDEX

kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui 20r

kegüür oroši(ulbasu 35v, 43v

kegür-ün

kegür-ün nüke metü 59v

kei/kii

kei 21r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v/kii 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r,

21v, 21v

yeke kii ködelkü 27v

Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar kei bui 45v

qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v

(al kei qoyar uèarabasu yeke küèütü uèaral 46r

široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r

usu kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü ¯okiqu uèaral 46r

key-yin/kiy-yin

Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara( büküy-yin tula

temür-ün èinar bui basa key-yin èinar kemegdeyü 23v

kiy-yin galab bol(a(èi odun 33r

key-yin galab bol(a(èi Burnavasu buyu kemebe 33r

Ašivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v

ke¯iy-e

1799
WORD INDEX

ke¯iy-e

ke¯iy-e-ben

egündür uèirabasu ke¯iy-e-ben ¯obalang-aèa ülü qa(aèin

qarinèu ülü irekü 47v

nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a ¯üg odqui-dur nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende

qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r

kelbeyilge-

kelbeyilgen

bi tngri-yi kelbeyilgen èidamui 32v

kele(n)

kele

bayasqulang-du kele irekü 57r

kele-ber

Enedk[e]g-ün keleber

Enedk[e]g-ün keleber. na(šidar-a sam-a yokibani 32r

Töbed-ün keleber

Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala kyagvasèolab

[=pyagvasèolab] 32r

kelen

kelen aman bolqu 50r, 50v

yeke kümün-ü kele aman bolqu 57v

1800
WORD INDEX

ma(ui kelen aman bolqu 57v

kelen aman-du oroqu 50r

sayin kelen sonosqu 57v

kelinèe/kilinèe/kelinèi

kelinèe

yirtinèü-deki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe [=kelinèe] üiledküi èa( 17r

kelinèi-tü

kelinèitü edür

kelinèitü edürün belge inu qara èindamuni bui 20r

kelinèitü üiles

kelinèitü üiles üiledbesü bütükü 45r

kem

kem-iyer

teng kem

edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r

keme-

kemebe 32v, 33r, 33r, 33v

kemebesü 2r, 4r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5v, 6v, 6v, 8r, 10r, 21v, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r,

25v, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 32r, 32v, 33r,

33r, 33v, 33v, 34v, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 39r, 39v, 41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42v,

42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 52r, 53r, 53v,

1801
WORD INDEX

53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v, 58v, 60r, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61r

kemegde-

kemegdeyü 23v, 39v, 39v

kemeged 32v

kemegsen 2r

keme¯üküi 2r, 60v

kemekü 5r, 25r, 39v, 47r, 48r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v

kemekü-eèe 7r, 60v

kememü 8r, 21v, 42v

kememüi 3v, 4r, 5v, 22v, 22v, 42v, 60v

kemen 1v, 1v, 2r, 3v, 4r, 4r, 32v, 33v, 35v, 35v, 37v, 47v, 56v

kemeyü 26r, 27v, 27v, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r

kemor

[see under kimor]

ken

ken

ken urida mordobasu tere daruyu 22v

ai okin ken buyu 32v

kengger'ge/kenggerge

kengger'ge

èang kengger'ge deledbesü 28v/èang kenggerge deledbesü 34v, 35r

1802
WORD INDEX

kengšigül

kengšigül

buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü 50v

ker

ker yeke üge ügülemüi 32v

kerbe

kerbe emüsbesü qulu(an-a qa¯ayu 34r

kereg

kereg

-qu/kü kereg 4v

qono( tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-yi medekü kereg 3r

-qui/küi kereg 4v

qono( tasura(san-i medeküi kereg 4v

kereg buyu

sar-a-yin to(-a medeküi kereg buyu 4v

kereg ¯asal

kereg ¯asal üiledbesü 30v

kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü 35v

kereg ¯asal kibesü 44v

do(šin kereg kibesü 45r

kereg bütükü 49v

1803
WORD INDEX

kereg bolai

kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v

kereg ¯ara( keyibesü 61r

keregtü 1v

ede-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52v

tngri-yin noqay-yin yabudal yeke kereg-dü bui 55v

kereglegde-

kièiyel tu(urbil kereglegdekü 1v

keregül [might this form (vs. keregur) show this section is different from previous??]

keregül bolqu 58r

keregür

keregür bara(ur-tur ¯ol(oqu 4v

keregür bol- 32r, 50v, 50v, 50v

keregür ba qoor qomsa bolqu 25v

keregürèi 54v, 54v

keriy-e

qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 8r

qong keriy-e ugiyaqui 9r

qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 19r

Keriy-e-yin ündüsün 56v

keriy-e kegübesü 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r

1804
WORD INDEX

keriy-e ba ša(a¯a(ai: kegübesü 57r

keriy-e x 58r, 58r, 58r

qong keriy-e-ü [=yin] soddu 60r

Kerteg

Kerteg 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33r, 3

3r, 33r, 34r, 37r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 53r, 55v, 56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v

Kerteg sar-a

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun eèüs Kerteg sar-a 17r

Kerteg na(šidar 17r, 25r, 32v

kesege-

kesegeküi

dayisun-i kesegeküi mandal egüdbesü 31v

busud-i kesegeküi 46r

kešig

kešig

buyan kešig

buyan kešig ebderekü 21v

buyan kešig ebderegülügèi Burvasad buyu 34r

buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v, 56r

Ardar-dür buyan keš[i]g sayitur nemeyü 37v

buyan kešig ba(uraqu 41r

1805
WORD INDEX

buyan kešig delgerekü 46v

buyan kešig bolqu 50r

buyan kešig bari(san beri 54r

kešig erdeni qa(an

Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara( büküi 23r

mal adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa( mör (arbasu 25r

qurim dotor-a kešig tasulqu na(šidar 28r

qurim-dur kešig tasulu(èi odun ali bui 33r

qurim-dur kešig tasulu(èi Burvabalguni buyu 33v

ed bara(daqu kešig ba(uraqu edür 59v

kešig-ün

Rôkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis keš[i]g-ün odun bui 60v

keü

keü

nilq-a keü

(a¯ar ködelbesü [n]ilq-a keü ba èai qudalduèin-a ma(u bui 30r

keyi-

[see also under ki-]

keyibesü

qudaldu keyibesü 9r, 14r, 22r, 24r, 25r, 27r, 34r, 37r

em-e kümün-e tusa keyibesu 15r

1806
WORD INDEX

mese keyibesü 16r

amurling(ui üiles keyibesü 18r

bayar qurim keyibesü 42r

qariyal keyibesü 42r

kereg ¯ara( keyibesü 61r

keyi¯ü

èa(an tosun ba. buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü 50v

keyiküi

süm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas

keyiküi sayin edür 37v

bayar qurim keyiküi 46r

qudaldu keyiküi 61v

keyid

keyid

süm-e keyid

süm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r

süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür 37r

süm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v

süm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r

süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin

edür 37v

1807
WORD INDEX

süm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas

keyiküi sayin edür 37v

keyilge-

keyilgebesü

ger-dür yamparba kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü 35v

ki-

[see also under keyi-]

ki

buu ki 36r

kibesü

širad kibesü 23v

qudaldu kibesü 29v, 34r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 37r

qariyal kibesü 31v, 41v

èoga kibesü 32r

qudaldu aril¯a kibesü 35v

ger tergen . . . kibesü 36r

üküger-ün abdara kibesü 37r

èa(an ¯asal kibesü 39v

qula(ai kibesü 41r

mandal kibesü 42r

co(o[l](-a kibesü 42v

1808
WORD INDEX

šibad-un qurim kibesü 44r

ükügsen kümün-e ya(um-a kibesü 44r

kereg ¯asal kibesü 44v

do(šin kereg kibesü 45r

rduvrma duvngli kibesü 47r

kiged 1v, 1v, 1v, 2r, 2r, 2v, 2v, 3r, 3v, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 5r, 8r, 13r, 25v, 26v, 26v,

28r, 32v, 32v, 32v, 32v, 37r, 38r, 38r, 38v, 39r, 40r, 41r, 42r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v,

45v, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46v, 47r, 50v, 56v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v, 61v

kiged-i

kiged-<y>i ari(un 1v

subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas 37v

gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen 54v

kiged-ün

šabšu kiged-ün ¯üg 53r

kikü

do(šin qariyal kikü 42v

kiküi

qudaldu kiküi 45v

kiküi-dür

qariyal kiküi-dür 46r

kièiye-

1809
WORD INDEX

kièiyegdeküi

egüni kièiyegdeküi 1v

kièiyeküi

tu(urbil-dur kièiyeküi busu bögetele 1v

kièiyen

qono( tasuraqui nigen ¯üg-iyer ülü bol(an kièiyen ü¯egdeküi 4r

kièiyel

kièiyel tu(urbil kereglegdekü 1v

kii

[see under kei]

kiiri

qara kiiri bari¯u 23r

šara kiiri bari¯u 23r

ki¯a(ar

ki¯a(ar

ki¯a(ar (a¯ar-i baribasu 31r, 32r

nigen kümün ki¯a(ar dayisun daru(èi odun 59r

ki¯a(ar-a

modun-u èinadu ki¯a(ar-a ni(u¯u amui 22r

usun-u ki¯a(ar-a ni(u¯u amui 23r

kilinèe

1810
WORD INDEX

[see under kelinèe]

kimor/kemor

kimor/kemor

kimor bolqu 50v, 50v, 50v

mör bütügekü-yin urida kimor bolqu 41r

kemor gemšil bolumui 50v

kimor-tu

yeke kimor-du (bolqu) 26r, 26v, 27r

kimura-

kimuraqu

kimuraqu üile bo[l]qu 57r

kimusu(n)

kimusu(n)

kimusu(n) ta(aribasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v

kimusun x 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r

kimusun-i

èinu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi (odun) 33r, 33v

kimusutu

šiba(un ¯igürtü kimusutu 55r

kir(a-

kir(abasu

1811
WORD INDEX

üsün kir(abasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v

kir(a(ul – pheasant

kir(a(ul šiba(un ¯ul¯a(lamui 13r

düri inu kir(a(ul metü bui 27r

kir(a(ul metü 59v

kirtü-

kirtübesü

nara sara kirtübesü 25v

kirüge

kirüge

düri inu. kirüge metü bui 26r

Kitad

Kitad

Kitad to(alaqui šastir 2r

Kitad üsüg-dür 35v

Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r

Kitad-tur 2r

Kitad-un

qara Kitad-un oron 2r

Manjušari-yin Kitad-un oron 2r

qara Kitad-un to(-a 2r

1812
WORD INDEX

Kitad-un šastir 2r

Kitad-un Lii-du ting sang neretü sudur 2v

qutu(tu Manjušari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar 2v

Kitad-un to(aèin 3r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar 2v, 2v, 2v

qara Kitad-un to(aèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r

(ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar bui 29r

köbegün

köbegün

bertegèin köbegün üiles üiledkü 2r

köbegün töröbesü 21v, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v,

30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v

köbegün okin töröbesü 31v

er-e (a(èa kümün-ü köbegün qula(u¯u amu 23v

köbegün qurimlabasu 24v

nigen köbegün oroldun qula(uyu 24v

qooridur ükügsen kümün köbegün qula(a¯u amu 24v

önüèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar 27r

köbegün aèinar-i öber-e sal(abasu 34r

köbegün okin neyièilebesü 37r

1813
WORD INDEX

köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü ablabasu 36r

Burvasad Udarisad-dur köbegün aèinar olan bolumui 38r

em-e köbegün kiged. ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

tngri-yin vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü

qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün 39v

¯irüken metü amara( köbegün ükükü 42r

köbegün olan (bolqu) 52v, 52v, 54v

köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v

köbegün törümüi 52v

ari(un sayin köbegün törükü bui 54v

köbegün uru( èuqa( bolu(ad 54v

köbegün èögen keregürèi 54v

köbegün aèinar delgerekü 57v

köbegün-dür

köbegün-dür ger baribasu 34r

köbegün-e

köbegün-e ger baribasu 21v, 35r

köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v

köbegün-e ömèi ülü ögküi 53v

köbegün-e ner-e ögbesü 46v

köbegün-i

1814
WORD INDEX

engküri köbegün-i te¯igebesü 28r, 35r

köbegün-i saki(èi 30v

köbegün-i bey-e-[y]i turši modun-iyar èime¯ü 30v

engküri köbegün-i (ada(ši (ar(abasu 44r

köbegün-iyer

öèügüken ari(un köbegün-iyer suu ¯ali-yu(an taki¯u 24r

köbegün-ü

köbegün-ü ömèi ögbesü 27r

ködel-

ködelbesü

(a¯ar ködelbesü 25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v,

28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r,

32r, 37r

ködelkü

yeke kii ködelkü 27v

ködelge-

ködelgebesü

široi ködelgebesü 42r

ködelge¯ü

Baras edür-<y>i kölgelen ködelge¯ü 2r

Kögeler

1815
WORD INDEX

Kögeler

Kögeler (sara) 19r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v

Kögeler-ün

Mong(ol-dur Kögeler-ün sar-a 19r

kögemei

kögemei

meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r

kögerge

kögerge

kögerge talbibasu 12r, 47v

kögerge metü 59v

köke

köke 52v

köke morin

köke boro mori 5r

köke morin una¯u 23v

köke na(ur 39v

luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r

köke èarai-du kümün 23v, 24v

köke èarai-du ba nöröge èirai-tu isün kümün 22r

1816
WORD INDEX

köke kegiri 23v

köke beèin 41r

köke luu 49r, 49r, 49r

köke-ber

qubèad köke-ber èime¯ü 23v

köke-

kökemüi

Mig sara ebesün-ü ündüsün kökemüi 2r

kökege

kökege

kökeg[e] šiba(un dong(oddumui 11r

kökege<g> šiba(un emüneši qarimui 14r

köl

köl

köl morin

köl morin unu¯u 23r

Barani na(šidar kemebesü tul(-a-yin (urban köl metü bui 32r

köl göq-a-bar tata(ci beri 54v

köl-dür 52v

èa(an baras-un köl-dür mör (arbasu ma(u 49r

köke luu-yin köl-dür mör (arbasu ma(u 49r

1817
WORD INDEX

köl-iyer

¯egün köl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu 24r

kölge

kölge-yi

yeke kölge-yi orèi(ulqu edür 34v

kölgele-

kölgelen

Baras edür-<y>i kölgelen ködelge¯ü 2r

könde-

könde

erketü (a¯ar buu könde 34v

(a¯ar buu könde 58v

köndebesü

erketü (a¯ar buu könde. köndebesü 34v

(a¯ar köndebesü 36r, 36r, 37r, 37r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v,

42v, 44r, 58v, 58v

köndekü

(a¯ar ülü köndekü 35v

körge

körge

šin-e körge tatabasu 36r

1818
WORD INDEX

köröngge

köröngge

tariyan-u köröngge (a¯ar oroba 10r

tariyan-dur köröngge orkibasu 46v

köröngge saèaqu [=saèuqu] 48r

köser

köser-e

köser-e qoèorqu 55v, 56r

kötel-

kötelügsen

èa(an noqai kötelügsen [. . .] kümün-dür ¯ol(oqu 4v

kötelügèi

kötelügèi

beri kötelügèi 52v

kun – Chinese kun trigram (see Williams, Chinese symbolism and art motifs, 149).

kun-dur

kun-dur uèira(san beri bügüde sayin buyan kešig bari(san beri bui

sayin 54r

küèü(n)

küèün

küèün tegüs 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 19v

1819
WORD INDEX

küèün tegüs-ün èa( 22v, 23r

Naran odun küèün tegüs-ün èa( 21v

küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r

öber-ün dayan-u küèün yeke bögesü 39r

küèün kürgen sögödkü kürdün ene bui 60r

küèü-tü

yirtinèü-teki numun qata(uu küèütü bolumui 18r

(yeke) küèütü bolumui 40r, 42v

küèütü üile üiledbesü 45r

(al kei qoyar uèarabasu yeke küèütü uèaral 46r

küisün

küisün-e

küisün-e ürgül¯ide ¯okistai ¯ir(aqu 52v

küiten

küiten

küiten següder una¯u ebesün qubaraqui èa( 16r

küiten-ü

küiten-ü a(ur oromui 17r

yeke küiten-ü èa( bolumui 17r

kü¯is

kü¯is-ün

1820
WORD INDEX

qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v

kü¯ügün

kü¯ügün

ma(u kü¯ügün (arqu 56r

kü¯ügün-dür

sara ba(-a bögesü buru(u to(ola. kü¯ügün-dür dumda sayin 52v

kü¯ügün-eèe

sara yeke bögesü kü¯ügün-eèe¯öb to(ola 52v

küli-

küliküi

albin salm-a-bar küliküi na(šidar 27v

külil

külil

beri-yin dörben šilmus kemebesü dayiwang tayiqu šitügen eke. lii külil

tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52r

külil-dü

külil-dü ma(u 53r

kümün

kümün 27r, 55r

tarnièi kümün 4v

emèi otaèi kümün 4v

1821
WORD INDEX

aq-a yeke kümün 4v

¯egerde qal¯an morin una(san ba. bombo kümün 4v

ula(an debeltü kümün 4v

toyin kümün 4v

noyan kümün 5r

nigültü kümün 5r

dooridu ma(u kümün 5r

bombo kümün 5r

qara kümün 5r

menekii metü qara kümün 5r

nigen kümün 24r

qoyar kümün 23r, 26r

(urban kümün 28v

dörben kümün 31r

öber-e obo(-tan dörben kümün 27r

tabun kümün 22r, 24r, 26v

¯ir(u(an kümün 25r, 25r, 26r

dolo(an kümün 27r, 29r

isün kümün 22v, 26r, 27v

nökögesün debeltü köke èarai-du ba nöröge èirai-tu isün

kümün 22r

1822
WORD INDEX

èa(an segeretü qara noqai-tai deged doorad ügülegèi em-e kümün 22r

belbesün qatun kümün 22v

kümün ükübesü 22v, 25r, 26r, 26r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 31v, 41v

eliy-e da(a(san kümün 22v

temürèi ba band’i ba bombo teyimü nigen kümün 22v

em-e kümün 23r

do(alang eremdeg kümün 23v

köke èarai-du kümün 23v

bandi kümün 23v

nigen band'i kümün 24r

šara öèüken kümün 24r

qong(or morin unu(san ala( noqai-tai teyimü kümün 24v

belbesün em-e kümün 25r

doron-a ¯üg-ün kümün 25v

aqa degüü qoyar kümün 25v, 30r

uru( tasura(san kümün 26r

umara ¯üg-ün band'i ba bombo kümün 26r

tngri kümün èidköd (urba(ula èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar 26r

¯i(ulèin kümün mör (arqu na(šidar 26v

belbesün em-e kümün bükü (a¯ar bariqu na(šidar 29v

baras metü kümün 27v

1823
WORD INDEX

ebedèin-ü kümün saki(ulsun üiledbesü 28v

önöèin kümün 28v

ge¯igen-dür tögenetü kümün 29v

tariyan taribasu aq-a kümün-ü üiles-dür sayin 30r

umara ¯üg-ün usun eteged-eèe kümün 30v

emün-e ¯üg-ün kümün 31r

ma(u kümün töröbesü yeke beligtü [=biligtü] bolumui 31v

yasun (ar(abasu mön sarada kümün ükükü 40r

beri ba(ul(abasu qoyar kümün ükükü 41r

ger baribasu tabun kümün üküyü 43r

¯i(ulèilabasu kümün ükükü 60r

qan kümün üiles bütükü 45v

šin-e qa(al(-a ¯igübesü kümün ülü oroqu 48r

qulu(an-a [etc.] ¯iltü kümün 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r

qorin-a olan kümün ma(u sedkekü 56r

debel tülebesü okin kümün ükügsen-i sonostaqu 57v

kümün-dü

toyin kümün ba qong(or morin unu(san ba qonin ada(ula(san ba èai

èina(san ba qoyar yaba(an üker unu(sun ba. ese bögesü ni(ur-tur sorbi

mengge ba nidün-dü gem-dü kümün-dü jol(aqui 4v

ükügsen kümün-dü buyan üiledbesü 31r

1824
WORD INDEX

kümün-dür 27r

tarnièi kümün ba. emèi otaèi kümün ba. ese bögesü keger-e moritu

kümün-dür ¯ol(oqu 4v

aq-a yeke kümün ba èa(an mori una(san ba èa(an debel emüsügsen ba

èa(an noqai kötelügsen ba egeèi kümün-dür ¯ol(uqu 4v

üker unu(san ba. qara morin unu(san. ba menekii metü qara kümün ba

ese bögesü qara ya(um-a bari(san em-e kümün-dür ¯ol(aqu 5r

qur-a ese orobasu kümün-dür ebedèin bolu(ad yeke salkin bolqu 15r

(a¯ar ködelbesü kümün-dür ma(u 28r

ükügsen kümün-dür tüliši ögbesü 29r

ükügsen kümün-dür buyan üiledbesü 32r

(uyiranèi kümün-dür altan ol(a(ulu(èi odun 33r

kümün-e

em-e kümün-e tusa keyibesu 15r

ükügsen kümün-e tüliši ögbesü 26v

kümün-e ergügdekü 29r

eremdeg ebügen emegen ba. bandi bombo kümün-e temdegtü mal

(ada(ši (ar(abasu 31r

kümün-e adu(usun ögbesü 36v

kümün-e ed mal ögbesü 36v

ükügsen kümün-e ya(um-a kibesü 44r

1825
WORD INDEX

kümün-eèe

qan kümün-eèe èola abubasu 47v

arban kümün-eèe isün kümün-i ükükü 53v

kümün-i

qatun kümün-i asarabasu 23r

köke èirai-du kümün-i qara keb-iyer manglai uriya¯u 24v

Savadai na(šidar kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi na(šidar 28v

kümün-i erke-dür-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r

ügegüü kümün-i bayan bol(a- 32v, 33r, 33v

nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi 33r, 33v

bayan kümün-i ügegüregülegèi 33r, 33v

bayan kümün-i ügeyiregülügèi odun 59r

ür-e ügei kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun 33r

qan kümün-i ür-e alda(ula(èi 33r, 33v

ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi odun 33v, 33v

balai kümün-i nidüt[e]i bol(a(èi 33v

takir no(èi kümün-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(èi 33v

nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi 34r

qan kümün törö¯ü ükükü odun 59r

nigen kümün ki¯a(ar dayisun daru(èi odun 59r

qula(ayièi kümün-i erigülbesü 36r

1826
WORD INDEX

šin-e kümün-i ülü asaraqu ba gerte ülü oro(ulqu edür 53v

arban kümün-eèe isün kümün-i ükükü 53v

Morin edür kümün-i ülü qariyaqu ¯anèiqu 57v

kümün-iyer

tabun quya(-du kümün-iyer uduridbasu 23v

kümün-lüge

bombo kümün ba qara kümün ba. ese bögesü qara morin unu(san ba.

usu egürügsen kümün-lüge ¯ol(aqu 5r

kimusun x nayitabasu amara( kümün-lu(-a ¯ol(oqu 57v

kümün-ü

mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi 5r

kümün-ü öngge

nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a

kümün-ü öngge ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui. tanibasu

edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge

tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 23r, 25v, 30v

kümün-ü yasun bulabasu 32r

önör dörben-dü kümün[-ü] yasun (ar(abasu 24v

ür-e ügei kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 27r

1827
WORD INDEX

er-e (a(èa kümün-ü köbegün 23v

qooridur ükügsen kümün[-ü] köbegün 24v

ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür 27r

aqu kümün-ü aliba üiled 31r

kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi 33v

ükügsen kümün-i [=kümün-ü] yasun (ar(abasu 35v

do(šin üiles üiledbesü üileddügèi kümün-ü amin nasun oqor bolumui 39r

em-e abqu er-e kümün-ü nasun ü¯egdeküi 53r

da-dur ucira(san beri kümün-ü yasun bari(san beri bui 54r

bey-e inu (urban tib-i degürümüi. kümün-ü bey-e-dü. noqai

terigütü [. . .] 55r

üsün kir(abasu yeke kümün-ü kele aman bolqu 57v

abqu kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v

kündüle-

kündülebesü

¯oèid-i kündülebesü 29r

degedüs-<y>i kündülebesü 30r, 34v

kündeleküi

toyin quvara(-un-yi [=quvara(-ud-i] kündeleküi [. . .] üiles 61r

kündülegde-

kündülegdekü

1828
WORD INDEX

keriy-e kegübesü kündülegdekü ¯oèid irekü 57v

kür-

kürbesü

¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür kürbesü nigen ¯il bolumui 6r

kürèü

nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü 6r

kürkü

ba(ši on-du ülü kürkü 41r

kürtel-e/kürtele

arban tabun kürtel-e 13r

arban nigen sar-aèa tabun sara kürtel-e sayin 37v

naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e 38v

isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e 38v

arban sarayin arban dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e 38v

arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e 38v

arban tabun-aèa. qaburun eèüs sarayin arban tabun kürtele 56v

kürügsen

nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür 6r

kürümüi

(a¯ar usun èöm amin nüke kürümüi 18r

¯a(un amin-dur kürümüi 47v

1829
WORD INDEX

kürdün

kürdün

Èa(-un kürdün 1v, 3r

odun na(šidar-un kürdün 2r

arban qoyar sarayin öngge medekü kürdün 7v

uèaral-un sayin ma(u-i üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r

tabun odun-u düri inu tergen-ü kürdün metü bui 25v

kürdün orèi(ulqui tul(-a bolqui 38v

dörben terigün sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r

dörben dumdadu sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r

dörben eèüs sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r

aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün 49v

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün sayin

ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün bui 49v

tabun dagini-yin mör (arqu edür-yi ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 49v

arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ünsayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün 50r

arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50r

arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v

dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v

nigen ¯üil okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü kürdün bui 51r

¯il-ün öngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ü¯ikü kürdün ene bui 52r

1830
WORD INDEX

tngri-yin noqai-yin kürdün 52v

küèün kürgen sögödkü kürdün ene bui 60r

dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r

kürdün-dür

Èa(-un kürdün-dür 2r, 3r, 11r

(urban kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 48v

kürdün-i

ene (urban kürdün-i ula(an-dur bolbasu sayin 51v

kürdün-ü

Èa(-un kürdün-ü abšig talbi(san sayin èa( 10r

Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar ¯okiyasu(ai 45v

kürdüèin

kürdüèin-dür

(Enedk[e]g-ün) Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür (ebülün eèüs Mig sara [etc.]) 8r, 9r,

10r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

küreng

küreng 52v

kürgegèi

kürgegèi-yin

kürgegèi-yin terigün 52v

kürgen

1831
WORD INDEX

kürgen

kürgen sögödbesü 23v

küèün kürgen sögödkü kürdün ene bui 60r

kürgen-eèe

kürgen-eèe ¯öb to(ala 51v, 51v, 60r

küri

küri

dörbel¯in küri odun 59r

küriy-e

küriy-e

küriy-e deledbesü 31v

küriy-e baribasu 42v

asar küriy-e baribasu 46v

küriy-e-dü

bariy-a küriy-e-dü uèaraqu 50r

küriyelegül-

küriyelegül¯ü

naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r

arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

söni düli dörben èa(-iyan-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

1832
WORD INDEX

gara(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

naiman luus-ud qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

ekiner-ün ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü . . . èi(ulumui 38v

naiman ayima(-ud küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v

ya(šas-un ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur

èi(ulumui 38v

erlig-üd-iyer küriyelegül¯ü edür düli-eèe söni kürtel-e èi(ulumui 38v

kürmeli

kürmeli

yasutu menekei-yin kürmeli 60r

kürte-

kürtebesü

ebedèin kürtebesü 40r, 42v

kürteküi

qonin kürteküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v

kürteyü

luus-un qad-un ebedèin kürteyü 34v

ada-du kürteyü 50r

1833
WORD INDEX

küse-

küsebesü

¯ir(alang-<y>i küsebesü 1v

küsel

küsel

küsel bütü- 38r, 45v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 58v

küsel uèaraqu 49v

küsel-iyen

küsel-iyen bütükü 49v, 49v

küsel-iyer

aèi ür-e inu küsel-iyer bolumui 44v

küü

küü

küü sang

küü sang negebesü 22v, 36r, 37r

küü sang-un ger baribasu 25v

küü sang-un ger bosqabasu 30r

küü sang bari(èi odun 59r

kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab]

isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala kyagvasèolab [=pyagvasèolab] 32r

lausan/luvasan

1834
WORD INDEX

lausan-u 59r

luvas[a]n-u 59r

li

li

li èun

qoyitu on li èun 7r

lii

lii

Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neretü sudur-dur Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin

Baras sar-a bol(a¯u šinelekü bolai 2v

lii külil

lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52v

lii-dür

lii-dür uèira(san beri-yi abubasu (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri bui.

ma(u. mo(ai morin ¯iltü beri-dür ülem¯i ma(u 54r

lingquu-a

lingquu-a

(urban odun-u düri inu lingquu-a metü bui 32r

lingquu-a metü 59v

lungru

lungru

1835
WORD INDEX

lungru neretü èièig delgeremüi 13r

luu

luu 53v

Luu sara 10r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Luu sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

uu luu sara 7v

king luu sara 7v

šim luu sara 7v

¯a luu sara 7v

bing luu sara 7v

Töbed-dür Luu sara 10r

Luu èa( 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v

uu luu èa( 7v

king luu èa( 7v

šim luu èa( 7v

¯a luu èa( 7v

bing luu èa(

Luu edür 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 19r, 34v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r,

42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57v, 58v,

60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

1836
WORD INDEX

Luu ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v

luu ¯iltü 53r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v

luu ¯ilten 54r, 54v

Luu (a¯ar

šitügen-ü eke Luu (a¯ar 18r

luu medeküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v

Luu sara mön-ü tula. belge inu a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r

luu-yin

luu-yin qutu( mör (arbasu sayin 49r

köke luu-yin 49r, 49r

köke luu-yin terigün-dür mör (arbasu sayin 49r

Luuq-a

Luuq-a

Luuq-a odun

Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar kei bui 45v

luus

luus-ud

luus-ud-un

luus-ud qad

1837
WORD INDEX

tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur

naiman luus-ud qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

luus-un

luus-un qad

arban tabun-a luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r

luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r

Saran odun kemebesü door-a luus-un qad-un gara( büküi 22r

luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü 22r

okin töröbesü erketen-dür uèaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v

luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu 30r

luus-un qad-un ebedèin kürteyü 34v

(a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v

luus-un qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r

(a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v

luus-un qad-un qariqui edür 39v

luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r

luvas

[see under lausan]

ma(ad

ma(ad 32r

ma(ad degedüs-ün ¯erge-dür oroqu maši sayin 24r

1838
WORD INDEX

ma(u

[see also muu]

ma(u 5r, 13r, 19r, 21v, 22v, 22v, 23r, 26r, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 27v,

27v, 28r, 28r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v,

30v, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 32r, 32r, 32r, 32r, 33r, 33v,

34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 36v,

37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 39r, 40r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v,

42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v,

44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r,

48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51v, 51v, 52r, 52r, 52v, 52v,

53v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v,

57r, 58r, 58v, 60v, 61v

sayin ma(u 46v

saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu sayin ma(u aèi ür-e

inu ülü bütüyü 4r

odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a ali bui 33r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un

sayin ma(u uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar ¯okiyasu(ai 45r

1839
WORD INDEX

ede gara(-ud kiged na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-<y>i

eyin uqa(daqui 45v

odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-<y>i il(a¯u

bièisügei 46r

ma(u-yi 21r, 46r, 48r, 49v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v

qorin dörben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un sayin

ma(u-yi belgelemüi 8r

qorin nigen-e ür-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemüi 9r

arban isün-ebuuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemüi 10r

arban qoyar ¯ilün sayin ma(u-yi ügülesügei 34r

edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] odun qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin

ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r

ma(u-yin

¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v

ma(ui

ma(ui, 23v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29r, 30r, 31v, 33r, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 57v

mör (arbasu ma(ui 22r, 24v

Mahagala

[see under Maqagala]

Mahašuvari

Mahašuvari

1840
WORD INDEX

Mahašuvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-ud>

terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse¯ü

èi(ulqui-dur inu 38r

Mahašuvari terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar èinggeldümüi 38v

mal

mal

ed mal (ada(ši ögbesü 18r, 41v

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v,

30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v

ed mal ada(usun ögbesü 24v

mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v

mal adu(usun buu ög 26r

mal ada(usun abubasu 26v

ed mal abubasu 27v, 31r

mal ögbesü 28r, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36v

mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu 29r

mal qudaldubasu 29v

ed mal abubasu 30r

temdegtü mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu 31r

mal adu(usun ögbesü 31v

ed mal ögbesü 31v

1841
WORD INDEX

mal šin-e kebtešin-e kebtegülbesü 35v, 36v, 36v

mal sürüglebesü 37r

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(ši (ar(abasu 43r

ed mal ögbesü abubasu 43v

qoriy-a baribasu mal inu qoroqu 48r

mal adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa( 25r

ed mal olqu 50r

mal ¯ibqaqu 50v

ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v

ede degedü beri bui ür-e mal delgerekü sayin 52r

ed mal qorom¯i bolqu 56r

ed mal ülü (ar(amui 60v

mal-i

mal-i öber-e sal(abasu 36v

mala(-a

mala(-a

šin-e mala(-a buu emüs 34v

šin-e mala(-a ülü emüskü 57r

malta-

maltabasu

altan maltabasu 34v

1842
WORD INDEX

maltaqu

quddug ülü maltaqu 57r

man

man

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v

man dügürügèi edür 36r

mana(ar

mana(ar 4v, 6v, 23v

manda-

mandaqui

naran mandaqui-dur 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42v, 42v

mandal

mandal

(al mandal tüle- 10r, 39r, 61v

mandal ¯irubasu 23r

dayisun-i kesegeküi mandal egüdbesü 31v

(urbal¯in mandal egüdbesü 31v

dandaris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroši(ulqu kemebesü 37v

mandal kibesü 42r

mang(us

1843
WORD INDEX

mang(us

tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigüten 38v

tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud 38v

manglai

manglai

köke èirai-du kümün-i qara keb-iyer manglai uriya¯u 24v

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü 42v

Manjušari

Manjušari 1v, 1v, 2v

degedü medekü-yin nigülesküi usun bari(èid-aèa sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi

oro(ulu(ad degedü amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(èid blam-a

Manjušari-dur mörgümüi 1v

burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g inü 2r

Manjušari-yin Kitad-un oron buyu 2r

Enedk[e]g-eèe orèi(ulu(san Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris 2r

odun-lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür Manjušari bodisü[n]g törögsen

bolai 2v

maqabud

maqabud 59v

temür maqabud 54r

modun maqabud 54r

1844
WORD INDEX

usun maqabud 54r

maqabud-iyar

qorin naiman na(šidar-yi tabun maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r

maqabud-un

dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral . . . ¯okiyasu(ai 45r

beri-yin maqabud-un öngge-yin debel emüsteküi 52r

Maqagala/Mahagala

Maqagala

Maqagala ba(uqu edür 46v

ede edüd Mahagala kiged rduvrma duvngli kibesü sayin 47r

Maqagala-yin

Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge inu tong(ori( bui 20r

Maq-a mayai

Maq-a mayai

burqan bodisü[n]g-nar Èa(-un kürdün ba. Jagr-a sambur-a terigüten

kiged Maq-a mayai Manjušari-aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur

nom'la(san 1v

mar(ada

mar(ada-yin

mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(šidar 3v

Margišar

1845
WORD INDEX

Margišar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r,

59v, 60v

Margišar sara

Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar

Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür

šinelemüi 3r

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün terigün Margišar

sar-a 18r

Margišar na(šidar

o(tar(ui-tur Margišar na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 18r

Margišar na(šidar kemebesü a(ui yeke na(šidar bui 25v

qan kümün-i ür-e-yi alda(ulu(èi Margišar buyu 33v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .]

Modun odun Margišar qoyar 45r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui.

[. . .] Modun odun Margišar qoyar 45r

Ašivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v

Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden modun bui 61r

Margašar Ardar qoyar qonin edür uèarabasu ma(u 46v

basa mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü Margašar [. . .] sayin 48v

1846
WORD INDEX

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu [. . .] Margašar [. . .]

sayin 48v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Margišar [. . .] sayin 51r

Margišar [. . .] beri ba(ul(aqu-du sayin 53r

tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Margašar [. . .]sayin 55v

em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .]Margašar [. . .] sayin 56r

bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu.

[. . .]Margasar [. . .]sayin 56v

Kerteg Margašar Èayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v

Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r

Margišar-tur

Margašar-dur amu(ulang nuta bolumui 37v

maši

maši

maši sayin 24r, 35r, 38r, 38r, 39v, 44v, 50r, 52v, 52v, 57r, 57v, 60v

maši ma(u 41v, 50r, 53v

aèi ür-e inu maši yeke bol[u]yu 38r

tere maši qata(uu do(šin-u tulada. ¯ayila(daqui 43r

Modun odun maši mergen bolqu 56v

maši ¯okilan 61r

1847
WORD INDEX

maši tübšin 61v

mašida

mašida

¯irüken-e mašida ¯ir(aqu 52r

matar

matar

matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r

matar-un

Matar-un ger

naran Matar-un ger-dür oro(san 19r

matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni 39r

mede-

medebesü 5r

na(šidar-yi endegüre¯ü ese medebesü 4v

medegèid 47v

(a¯ar ködelbesü šastir medegèid-e ma(u 30v

medegdekü 4r, 51r

terigüten-i medegdekü-yin šitügen 2r

èa(-yi medegdeküi tegüsbe 6r

gün-e ono¯u medegdeküi 34r

mede¯ü

1848
WORD INDEX

taulai mede¯ü 9r

medekü 3r, 4v, 5r, 7v, 37v,

degedü medekü-yin nigülesküi 1v

odun na(šidar-i ülü medekü bögesü 4v

edür-ün odun-i medekü bolai 5r

qamu( amitan-i to(ala¯u medekü-yin tula 55r

medeküi 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 56v

qono( tasura(san-i medeküi kereg 4v

èa(-yi iledte medeküi inu 5v

luu medeküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v

meden

saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu 4r

medesügei 6v

èa(-un il(al-yi medesügei kemebesü 5r

meküs

meküs

meküs 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

1849
WORD INDEX

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v

tere gara( tegüs inu sayin. meküs inu dumda ebderekü ba(uram

qoyar-du aliba üiles ülü üiledkü 24v

ge¯ige-dür meküs dumda 52v

menekei/meneki/menekii

meneki/menekii

menekii metü qara kümün 5r

qara yasutu meneki mör [(arbasu] ma(u 49r

yasutu meneki metü 59v

menekey-yin/meneki-yin

yirtinèü-dür meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r

yasutu menekey-yin kürmeli 60r

mengge

mengge

ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v

merged

merged

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqa¯u narin-a ü¯egdeküi buyu 2v

Nagajun-a ba(ši terigüten merged Èa(-un kürdün terigüten

sudur-tur nomla¯uqui 3r

1850
WORD INDEX

kedber merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesügei 6v

merged-ün

Nagajuna terigüten degedü merged-ün ta(alal 4r

mergen

mergen

eng terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar

nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu 5r

üiles-dür mergen ölöng aburitu seèin ba(atur dayisun-i daru(ad

aliba-yi ila(u(èi tegüs öl¯eyitü boluyu 25v

köbegün töröbesü ügen-dür mergen bolu(ad 27v

Modun odun maši mergen bolqu 56v

arban tabun-a yosun medeküi mergen uqa(atu bolumui 56v

mese

mese

mese keyibesü 16r

debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r

¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun-dur mese buu barii 33v

mese metü 59v

mese-dür

burqan-u e¯in mese-dür üküyü 34v

Mig

1851
WORD INDEX

Mig 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37r, 37r,

45r, 45r, 45v, 48v, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61v

Mig na(šidar 27r

Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 2r, 8r

Mig sara

Mig sara ebesün-ü ündüsün kökemüi 2r

Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u 2r, 3r

Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u 2v

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ebülün eèüs Mig sara 8r

takir no(èi kümün-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(èi Mig buyu 33v

èo(tu yeke ¯a(an Mig buyu 34r

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvad’i eden (al

bui 61r

minu

minu

minu odun ali bui 32v

miq-a

miq-a

miq-a ülü idekü 58r

miq-a-yi

miq-a-yi mungna¯u 22r

1852
WORD INDEX

miq-a-yi ülü idekü 58r

miqaèi

miqaèi

miqaèi ¯a(an

miqaèi ¯a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v

miqaèi ¯a(an Jayitari buyu 34r

miqaèi ¯a(an odun 59r

miqaèi èögebüri-yin odun 59r

modun

modu

isün ¯üil modu 50v

Modu (odun) 55v

modun 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 48v, 61r

Modun odun 2r, 2r, 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10r, 10r,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23r, 23r, 32v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v,

38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v,

50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v

modun erlig 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad

1853
WORD INDEX

qošiyalamui 9r

modun èim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan

te¯igemüi 14r

modun taribasu 22r, 32r, 35r

modun èièig taribasu 35v, 36r

tariyan modun taribasu 37r 47v

modun èinar 23r

modun möèir-iyer dokin 24v

tul(-a-yin modun metü 26v

modun metü 59v, 59v, 59v

qada èila(un-aèa modun (ar(an èidamu 32v

modun buu o(tol 34v

modun o(talun negübesü 36v

sayin üiles üiledbesü aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali

bolumui 44v

a(ula-aèa modun eribesü ülü oldaqu 47v

modun (okimui 48r

modun maqabud 54r

(altu tor(on ergiküi modun odun 59r

oi modun o(talqui 61v

modun-i

1854
WORD INDEX

dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü 6r

modun-iyar

dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i iledte medeküi inu 5v

dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i medegdeküi tegüsbe 6r

bey-e-i turši modun-iyar èime¯ü 30v

modun-u

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder 6r

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r

modun-u èinadu ki¯a(ar-a ni(u¯u amui 22r

modun-u gara( büküy-yin tula modun èinar bui 23r

modun-u door-a ni(u¯u amu 23v, 24v

doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r

mo(ai

mo(ai

Mo(ai sara 11r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun ügey-yin tula arban dörben inu

arban tabun bolumui 3v

gi mo(ai sara 7v

šin mo(ai sara 7v

küi mo(ai sara 7v

1855
WORD INDEX

ii mo(ai sara 7v

ding mo(ai sara 7v

Töbed-dür Mo(ai sar-a 11r

Mo(ai èa( 42r, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v

gi mo(ai èa( 7v

šin mo(ai èa( 7v

küi mo(ai èa( 7v

ii mo(ai èa( 7v

ding mo(ai èa( 7v

Mo(ai (a¯ar-a 10r

Mo(ai edür 8r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v,

42v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 56r, 57v, 58v,

59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v

Mo(ai ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

55v, 55v, 58v

mo(ai ¯ilten 53r, 54v

mo(ai ¯iltü 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v

mo(ai ner-e öngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v

mo(ai öngge ni(ur 8v

1856
WORD INDEX

Mo(ai sara mön-ü tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nüken-dür orkimui 11r

¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu mo(ay-yin terigün metü bui 27r

qara mo(ai šim küi 41r

kümün-ü bey-e-dü. noqai terigütü. (aqai qoši(utu. šiba(un ¯igürtü

kimusutu. mo(ai segültü qar-a öngge-dü Sümber a(ula-yi ¯öbšiyerküy-e

¯egün qabar(-a kebte¯ü bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimüi 55r

mo(ay-yin 59r, 59r, 59r, 59r

mo(ay-yin terigün metü 59v

Mong(ol

Mong(ol

Mong(ol Tabun sara 12r

mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

saki(èi ebdegèi tüšigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen

ungšimui 35v

Mong(ol-dur

Mong(ol-tur Qubi sara kememü 8r

Mong(ol-dur Qoyar sara 9r

Mong(ol-tur 'urban sara 10r

Mong(ol-dur. Dörben sar-a 11r

Mong(ol-dur ®ir(u(an sara 13r

Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an sar-a 14r

1857
WORD INDEX

Mong(ol-dur Naiman sara 15r

Mong(ol-dur Isün sara 16r

Mong(ol-tur Arban nigen sar-a 18r

Mong(ol-dur Kögeler-ün sar-a 19r

mong(olèil-

mong(olèilbasu

mong(olèilbasu odun gara(-lu(-a tegüs<s>ügsen-e mörgümüi 32r

mordo-/morda-

morda

èerig mordobasu naran ur(uqui èa(-tur morda 21v

èerig mordobasu edür düli morda 23r

èereg mordobasu erte mana(ar morda 23v

èereg mordobasu söni düli-yin urida morda 24r

èerig buu morda 34v, 55r

mordaqu

èireg mordaqu edür 48v

mordaqui

èireg mordaqui 46r

mordobasu

èerig mordobasu 9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v,

29r, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 41r, 44r, 45r, 61v

1858
WORD INDEX

bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu 22v

èirig ayan mordabasu 42r

èerig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v

mordo(ul

mordo(ulsu(ai

ede èa(tur mordo(ul-su(ai 51r

mori(n)

mori(n)

Morin sara 2v, 3v, 12r, 12r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Morin ¯il 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v,

58v

morin ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v

morin ¯ilten 54v

Mori(n) edür 10r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 46v, 47v,

48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57v,

58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

Morin èa( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 53v

èa(an mori una(san 4v

¯igerde morin 22v

¯egerde qal¯an morin una(san 4v

1859
WORD INDEX

¯igerde morin unu¯u 21v

qong(or morin unu- 4v, 24v, 24v

köke boro mori unu(san 5r

köke morin una¯u 23v

qara morin unu- 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v

köl morin unu¯u 23r

king morin sara 7v

šim morin sara 7v

¯a morin sara 7v

bing morin sara 7v

uu morin sara 7v

king morin èa( 7v

šim morin èa( 7v

¯a morin èa( 7v

bing morin èa( 7v

uu morin èa( 7v

morin ¯ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v

morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün güièimüi 12r

morin (a¯ar 12r

1860
WORD INDEX

morin qudaldubasu 25r, 31r, 31r, 31v

¯a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r

qong(or qal¯an morin qudaldubasu 25r

morin sur(abasu 21v, 28r, 31v, 34v

¯a(al morin sur(abasu 29r

morin dobtulbasu 22v, 23v, 30v, 31v, 35r

morin buu dobtul 33v, 34r

morin šin¯ilebesü 27v

morin ögbesü 31v

dörben odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v

(urban odun[-u] düri inu morin terigün metü bui 32r

morin (inu) üküyü 34r, 35r

erekei-yin èinegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin èinegen morin unu¯u 39v

morin metü 59v

morin-dur

morin-dur ma(u 41r

morin-u 59r, 59r

unuqu morin-u ¯üsü 52v

morin-u terigün metü 59v

moritu

keger-e moritu kümün-dür ¯ol(oqu 4v

1861
WORD INDEX

möèe/i

edür söni-yin èa( möèi-yin qubi terigüten-i 2v

¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur 4r

¯iran da(un nigen möèe. (uèin möèi nigen qubi (uèin qubi nigen qono( 5r

¯ir(u(an amisqaquy-i nigen möèe ¯iran möèi nigen qubi nigen qubi-dur nigen

dusul

qoyar qubi nigen tedüiken kememüi. ¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono(

bolumui 5v

ulam ne¯iged ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü 5v

möèi-ber qubiya¯u qubi bol(an edür ¯ir(u(an èa( söni ¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u 5v

nigen qono(-i ¯a(un möèi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun inu nigen edür qoyar söni-

dür ¯a(un möèi buyu 6r

nigen èa(tur naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r

arban qubi bolbasu nigen möèi bui 6r

qulu(an-a èa(-un uridu dörben möèe mön edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

qoyitu dörben möèi mana(ar-un edür-dü (ada(adu bui 6v

èa( möèe-yi bari(èi (uèin qoyar okin tngri 32v

tngri (a¯ar-un on sara edür èa( möèe 55r

möèir [n. twig; small branch of a tree];

modun möèir-iyer dokin (adquldubasu 24v

mön 32v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 40r, 51v

1862
WORD INDEX

mön tere sara 4r

mön egün-eèe eregdeküi 7r

mön-ü tula 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

möndür

möndür oro(ulbasu 32r

möndür buu oro(ul 34v

möndür oro(ulqui terigüten aliba do(šin üile üiledbesü 39r

mönggü

altan mönggü qudaldubasu 26r

mör

mör 51v

nara sara mör tögerekü 4r

¯oliy-a mör 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

mör (arbasu 22r, 24v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v,

29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35v,

35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r, 43v, 46v, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r, 54r

mal adu(usun-u keš[i]g èuqa( mör (arbasu 25r

¯i(ulèin kümün mör (arqu na(šidar 26v

mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü 48v

1863
WORD INDEX

dörben terigün sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r

dörben dumdadu sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r

dörben eèüs sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r

aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün 49v

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün

sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün bui 49v

tabun dagini-yin mör (arqu edür-yi ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 49v

arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün

ene bui 50r

arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50r

dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (araqu jüg-ün ü¯ekü kürdün

okin-u mör (arqu edür kemebesü 54r

beri mör (arqu ¯üg kemebesü 54r

qola mör ülü (arqu 57v

yabuqu mör-dür talbi¯u 24r

mör bütügekü-yin urida 41r

tngri-yin mör kemekü edür 49r

qara mör-dü bolunam 52v

öl¯eyitü mör 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r

(asalang-un mör 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r

mör ba yasun buu (ar(-a 58v

1864
WORD INDEX

¯i(ulèin mör türidkegèi odun 59r

mörgü-

mörgügül-

mörgügül

(al-du/r mörgügül 54r, 54r, 54r

üker qonin ¯iltü okin-i takiy-a èa(-du (al-du mörgügül 53v

mörgügülbesü

(al-dur mörgügülbesü 53v, 54r

mörgügülkü

beri (al-du mörgügülkü èa( kemebesü 53v

mörgümüi

blam-a Manjušari-dur mörgümüi 1v

odun gara(-lu(-a tegüs<s>ügsen-e mörgümüi 32r

mörin [for mören; n. large river or lake];

šin-e ba qa(uèin ong(oèa mörin-e buu oro(ul buu getülge 35v

Mul

Mul 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 53r,

56r, 59r, 59v

Mul na(šidar

Mul na(šidar kemebesü alban-u [=albin-u] na(šidar bui 29v

ügegüü kümün-i bayan bol(a(èi Mul buyu 33v

1865
WORD INDEX

yerü ür-e tasulu(èi Mul buyu 34r

süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin 37v

[. . .] Mul [. . .] odun edür qutu( oroši(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad

buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v

Mul Abiji qoyar-du ¯arli( nom medekü bolumui 37v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .]

Usun odun Mul qoyar 45r

šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür inu. Naran odun Mul qoyar 45r

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul As’li( Širvan ede

dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v

Anurad Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r

mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin 48v

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu [. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin 48v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Mul [. . .] odun sayin 51r

Burvabalguni Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui. üiles bügüde-dü

ma(u kememüi 60v

dörben tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i

qoyar. 61r

Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin

obo(-tan buyu 61v

1866
WORD INDEX

mungna-

mungna¯u

miq-a-yi mungna¯u 22r

mungqa(

mungqa(

baras mungqa( 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, [16v], 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v

mungqa( bolu(ad bayan bolqu 26r

köbegün töröbesü mungqa( büged usun-dur ükükü ¯aya(atu bui 31r

köbegün okin töröbesü mungqa( ba qulu(ayièi bolumui 31v

muu

[see also under ma(u]

muu

ebesün tegübesü muu 42r

nabèi

nabèi

qa(uèin nabèi una(ad 3r

šin-e nabèi èuquyiqui 3r

eng terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar

1867
WORD INDEX

nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu 5r

(a¯ar-tur qamu( nabèi ündüsün ur(umui 12r

na(ad-

na(adbasu

na(addun na(adbasu 35r

na(adum/na(addun/na(adun

na(adum/na(addun

taèiyang(ui yeke na(adum èinggeldüküi 28v

na(adun èinggeldün ¯ir(abasu 31r

na(addun na(adbasu 35r

na(addun èinggeküi 46r

na(adun-iyar

Mahašuvari terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar èinggeldümüi 38v

na(šidar

na(šidar 56v

Bus na(šidar 2v

na(šidar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a

Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v

edür-ün (ada(adu na(šidar 3v

mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(šidar 3v

odun na(šidar 4r, 37v, 42r, 46r

1868
WORD INDEX

nidün-iyen odun na(šidar-i nasuda šin¯ileküi kereg 4v

odun na(šidar uèirabasu 37v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu(

oroši(san-u uèaral bolumui 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral

bolumui 45r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui 45r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür

bolumui 45r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u

uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar ¯okiyasu(ai 45r

ede odun na(šidar tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯e 52r

öber öber nidün-iyer na(šidar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyalduquy-yi

sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r

sar-a-yi ali na(šidar inu ekilekü degürkü ba. bara(daqui medekü kereg 4v

isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür kemekü na(šidar bui 25r

ra(šas-un sünesün na(šidar bui 25v

Margišar na(šidar kemebesü a(ui yeke na(šidar bui 25v

tngri kümün èidköd (urba(ula èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar bui 26r

biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(šidar 26r

1869
WORD INDEX

Burnavasu na(šidar kemebesü uru( tasura(san na(šidar kemeyü 26r

¯i(ulèin kümün mör (arqu na(šidar bui 26v

Bus na(šidar kemebesü tegüs öl¯eyitü na(šidar bui 26v

önüèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar bui 27r

(ürban qula(ayièi ¯öbleldüküi na(šidar bui 27r

Mig na(šidar kemebesü süke-dür adali bui 27r

albin salm-a-bar küliküi na(šidar bui 27v

Burvabalguni na(šidar kemebesü ra(èis-un qo(olai metü na(šidar 27v

ariyatan-u sünesün na(šidar kemeyü ula(an ¯ögebüri qaškiraqu

kemeyü 27v

Udaribalguni na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün na(šidar kemeyü 27v

qurim dotor-a kešig tasulqu na(šidar kemeyü 28r

Qasta na(šidar kemebesü qurdun yabu(èi na(šidar kemeyü 28r

erlig-ün èinu-a güikü na(šidar kemeyü 28r

Savadai na(šidar kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi na(šidar 28v

tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un o(talda(san na(šidar kemeyü 28v

Šuša( na(šidar kemebesü (ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar bui 29r

ada todqor èi(ul'qu-yin na(šidar kemeyü 29r

emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un dolo(an na(šidar anu tegüsbe 29r

belbesün em-e kümün bükü (a¯ar bariqu na(šidar kemeyü 29v

Èista na(šidar kemebesü šim[n]us-un na(šidar bui 29v

1870
WORD INDEX

do(šid-un sedkil (angqui na(šidar kemeyü 29v

Mul na(šidar kemebesü alban-u na(šidar bui 29v

quya( emüs'küi na(šidar kemeyü 30r

Burvasad na(šidar kemebesü erketen-ü na(šidar bui 30r

tüšimed erdeni bolqu na(šidar bui 30v

Abiji na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün na(šidar bui 30v

ükül-ün na(šidar bui 30v

Širvan na(šidar kemebesü basar belèid-ün na(šidar bui 30v

emegen-ü sünesün na(šidar 31v

Barani na(šidar kemebesü tul(-a-yin (urban köl metü bui 32r

umara ¯üg-ün usun-u dolo(an na(šidar tegüsbe 32r

Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(šidar

široy-yin èinar bui 45v

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan ede dolo(an

na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v

Kerteg Barani Šuša(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an

na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v

Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v

Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig

abqui sayin 56v

1871
WORD INDEX

öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui 60v

na(šidar-a

na(šidar-a i¯a(ur obo(-iyar il(abasu 61r

na(šidar-i

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v

tegüni qošiyad qošiyad qono(-un odun na(šidar-<y>i to(alaqu ügei 3v

aliba odun na(šidar-<y>i endegüre¯ü ese medebesü 4v

odun na(šidar-i ülü medekü bögesü tegüni medeküi ar(-a inu 4v

edür-ün odu-yi medebesü na(šidar-<y>i tegüber medekü bolai 5r

na(šidar-<y>i e¯ilekü-yin ner-e ene bui 59r

qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu 60v

qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i tabun maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r

na(šidar-iyar

Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 2r, 8r

Udaribalguni na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 9r

Jayitari na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r

Šuša( na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r

Èista na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r

Burvasad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 13r

Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 14r

Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r

1872
WORD INDEX

Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 16r

Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 17r

Margišar na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 18r

Bus na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 19r

Sümber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ekilen 32v

na(šidar-lu(-a

qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u

uèaral-un sayin ma(u-i üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r

na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü 46v

na(šidar-tu

Bus na(šidar-tu törü¯ügüi 2r

na(šidar-tur

Kerteg na(šidar-tur burqan takibasu 25r

Rôkini na(šidar-tur šin-e debel abubasu 25r

Ardar na(šidar-tur burqan bütügebesü 26r

Asli( na(šidar-tur eliy-e üldebesü 27r

Jayitari na(šidar-tur šim[n]us bütügebesü 28r

Anurad na(šidar-tur mör (arbasu 29r

Udarisad na(šidar-tur burqan-i takibasu 30r

Tanista na(šidar-tur mör (arbasu 31r

Sadabis na(šidar-tur aliba ol¯a eribesü 31r

1873
WORD INDEX

Burvabadaribad na(šidar-tur beri ba(ul(abasu 31r

Udarbadaribad na(šidar-tur subur(-a bosqabasu 31v

Rivadai na(šidar-tur ger baribasu 31v

Ašuvani na(šidar-tur šin-e debel ¯okiyabasu 32r

na(šidar-un

odun na(šidar-un kürdün 2r

odun ba na(šidar-un uèaral 2v

yerü Suša( sar-a terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-un

neres-iyer nereyidkü 3r

qorin naiman na(šidar-un yabudal 24v

doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r

na(šidar-un sayin 37v

gara(-ud kiged na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-yi eyin uqa(daqui 45v

na(šidarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r

beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui 52r

na(šidar-un ner-e 59r

na(šidar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a bui düri ba maqabud ene bui 59v

na(šidar-a

na(šidar-a

Enedk[e]g-ün keleber. na(šidar-a sam-a yokibani 32r

na(ur

1874
WORD INDEX

na(ur

köke na(ur 39v

luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r

Nagajun-a/Nagajuna

Nagajun-a/Nagajuna

Nagajun-a ba(ši

Nagajun-a ba(ši terigüten merged Èa(-un kürdün terigüten

sudur-tur nomla¯uqui 3r

Nagajuna ba(ši nomlaba 4r

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör(arqu edür-ün

sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün bui 49v

¯arli( nom kiged Nagajuna terigüten degedü merged-ün ta(alal inu busu

buyu kemebesü. èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara mör tögerekü kiged ¯il sara

möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui 4r

Nagajun-a-yin

arban qoyar šitün barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün-eèe

Nagajun-a-yin ¯okiya(san yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v

Nagajuna-yin ta(alal 3v

naiman

naiman 27r, 38r

naiman ayima( 2v

1875
WORD INDEX

naiman ayima( terigüten-ü èi(ulqui qariqui 2v

naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san

(adusun bui 20r

naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r

naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu temeèildübesü 35r

naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an inu yerü dörben ekin sarayin

(urban isün-e èi(ulumui 38r

Mahašuvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud

terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r

tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigüten bügede Sümber

a(ula-yin orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u Mahašuvari

terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar èinggeldümüi 38v

isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud

küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v

kögeler sara büküli èi(ulqui bögetele qorin isün-e söni düli

tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bügüde ba yeke èi(ul(an

buyu 38v

naiman ayima(-un-ud qariqui inu 39r

naiman luus-ud qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

naiman möèe

nigen èa(tur naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r

1876
WORD INDEX

Naiman sara 15r, 15r, 37r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

Naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r

naiman ¯il 41r

naiman odun 59v

öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui 60v

naiman öber-ün odun 60v

naiman šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56v, 56v

šinein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r, 53r, 53r

arban naiman 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

37v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r

qorin naiman 8v, 9r, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17r,

17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 24v, 32v, 39r, 40v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 53r, 60v, 61r, 61v

naiman-a 56r, 58v

arban naiman-a 39r, 40r, 41v, 44v, 54r, 56r

qorin naiman-a 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 53r, 53r,

56r

namanèila-

1877
WORD INDEX

namanèilabasu 25v

namur

namur-un

namur-un terigün sara

tariyaèin-tur namurun terigün sara 13r

qara Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun terigün sar-a 14r

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun terigün

Burvabadaribad sara 15r

namurun terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r

namur-un dumdadu (sara) 56v

Morin ¯il-dür namurun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r

tariyaèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun dumdadu Ašivani

sara 16r

namurun dumdadu ügegüregülegèi 41r

namur-un eèüs sar-a

tariyaèin-dur namurun eèüs sar-a 15r

Kitad-un to(aèin-dur namurun eèus sar-a 16r

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür namurun eèüs Kerteg sar-a 17r

namurun eèüs ügeyiregülügèi sar-a bui 41r

1878
WORD INDEX

qabur namarun a(ur 6r

namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r

qabur namurun qu(us¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai 59r

nara(n)

nara(n) 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 37v, 38r

nara urbaqui 2v

nara urba(san-aèa (urban sar-a bolu(ad edür söni saèu(uu

bolumui 5v

nara ba(u-

Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar

Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür

šinelemüi 3r

ebülün naran ba(uqu èa( 18r

nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a ¯üg odqui 3r

nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono(

tasuraqui 3v

nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg urba¯u 5v

nara emüneši odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu nigen ¯il

bolumui 5v

nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli

dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü dolo(an

1879
WORD INDEX

qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r

nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r

naran umara ¯üg odqui ¯ir(u(an sara sayin bui 37v

nara bayiqu

nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r

nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür 6r

basa düng¯i bolbasu ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe qoyin-a edür

ulam urtudumui 6r

¯un-u nara bayiqu egün-eèe qoyin-a ulam urtuddumui 6v

¯un-u naran bayiqu èa( 12r

nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v

nara sara 55r

èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara mör tögerekü 4r

nara sara kirtübesü yeke ¯ud bolumui 25v

nara sara ükübesü 27r, 32r

nara sara kiged isün gara( ba. èa( möèe-yi bari(èi (uèin qoyar

okin tngri 32v

ginggang kemebesü nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( kememüi 42v

nara ur(u- 42r, 42v

nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e 6r

1880
WORD INDEX

luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r

èereg mordobasu naran ur(uqui èa(-tur morda 21v

qubi sarayin arban dörben nara ur(uqui èa(-tur arban qoyar

gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38r

qara šingpüng güiküi anu. qubi sarayin Baras beèin edür

nara ur(u(san qoyin-a güimüi 42r

nara šingge- 42r

nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü

öngge tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

Naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e ya(šas-un

ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur

èi(ulumui 38v

isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e naiman ayima(-ud

küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v

arban sarayin arban dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e ya(šas-un

ayima(-iyar küriyelegül¯ü nara šinggeküi èa(-tur èi(ulumui 38v

naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-un] qariqui inu qubi sarayin

arban dolo(an arban isün-e nara šinggeküi-dür qarimui 39r

qoyar sarayin nigen šin-e qorin naiman-a nara šinggeküi-tür

qarimui 39r

nara mandu- 40r, 40r, 40r, 42v, 42v

1881
WORD INDEX

tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur

naiman luus-ud qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

tabun sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a nara manduqui-dur qarimui 39r

isün sarayin qoyar šin-e nara manduqui-dur qarimui 39r

nara Qumqan-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu

bolumui 8r

naran ®i(asun-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula usun-dur qamu( ¯i(asun güimüi 9r

nara Qonin-u gertür oro(san-u tula qonin èa(-iyar qura(alamui 10r

nara Üker-ün ger-dür oro(san-u tula üker qurièaqui sar-a bui 11r

naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula. yirtinèü-yin qamu( amitan

quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r

Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gerdür naran oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-dür

meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r

naran Arsalan-u gerdür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki arsalan quraèimui 14r

naran Okin-u gerdür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki<n> okid üjügürkeküi

èa( bui 15r

naran Èinglegüür-ün gertür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-deki dusul terigüten-i

èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi 16r

naran Tiler-ün gerdür oro(sun-u tula. yirtinèü-deki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe

üiledküi èa( 17r

naran Numun-u gertür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-teki numun qata(uu

1882
WORD INDEX

küèütü bolumui 18r

naran Matar-un ger-dür oro(san-u tula matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r

Nara(n) odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21v, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v

Naran odun kemebesü tngri-nerün gara( kememü (al èinar bui 21v

ula(an nara 39v

qariqui edürün beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r

šim[n]us-i ila(u(san edürün belge inu qara nara bui 20r

naran-u

Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur

na(šidar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü

sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san

¯okiyabai 2v

narin

narin

narin bo(ol 28r

narin-a

narin-a ü¯e- 6v

1883
WORD INDEX

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqa¯u narin-a ü¯egdeküi buyu 2v

ai qa(an narin-a ü¯e¯ü gün-e ono¯u medegdeküi 34r

nasu(n)

nasu

(aqai nasu to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui 17r

nasun 61v

amin nasun

okin ögbesü amin nasun oqur bolqu 24r

köbegün töröbesü amin nasun oqor bolqu 29v

do(šin üiles üiledbesü üiled-dügèi kümün-ü amin nasun

oqor bolumui 39r

rašiyan-u uèaral-iyar amin nasun delgereyü 45v

amin nasun bütügeküi delgeregülkü 45v

amin nasun aqur bolqu 47v

nasun[-i tarni] uribasu 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r

nasun bütügebesü 28r, 34v

köbegün töröbesü ebedèinügei nasun urtu bolqu 32r

qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse¯ü 38r

nasun urtu bolqu üiles 45v

nasun urtu bolqu 57v

em-e abqu er-e kümün-ü nasun ü¯egdeküi 53r

1884
WORD INDEX

nasun-a 53r, 53r

qulu(an-a ¯iltü kümün arban tabu qorin dolo(an (uèin ede nasun-a

em-e abubasu ma(u 53r

qorin naiman nasun-a ese ükübesü ¯iran nasulayu 61v

nasun-aèa

qorin nasun-aèa önggerebesü dalan nasulayu 61v

nasun-i

ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r

nasuda

nasuda

tegüni medeküi-dür nidün-iyen odun na(šidar-i nasuda šin¯ileküi kereg 4v

nasula-

nasulaqu

nayan nasulaqu buyu 61r, 61r

nasulayu

qorin naiman nasun-a ese ükübesü ¯iran nasulayu 61v

qorin nasun-aèa önggerebesü dalan nasulayu 61v

nayan nasulayu 61v

¯iran nasulayu 61v

nayan

nayan

1885
WORD INDEX

nayan nasula- 61r, 61r, 61v

nayir

nayir

ger-eèe nayir (arbasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v

nayita-

nayitabasu 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58v

nege-

nege

sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v

negebesü

küü sang negebesü 22v, 36r, 37r

sang negebesü 36r

negekü

sang ülü negekü 35v

negegèi

[see also negegegèi]

negegèi

ke negegèi edür 36v

negege-

negegekü

sang negegekü 48r

1886
WORD INDEX

negegegèi

[see also under negegèi]

negegegèi

mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

saki(èi ebdegèi tüšigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen

ungšimui 35v

negegemel

negegemel

suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu esü( ¯ula(-un negegemel edür 60v

edeger negegemel kemekü edür 60v

negü- [v.i. and v.t.; to nomadize; move];

negübesü

ger negübesü 23v, 32r, 36v

ger negüübesü 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 36r

negüübesü 36r

šin-e ger-dür orobasu negübesü 37r, 37r

modun o(talun negübesü 36v

negüdel negübesü 44r

negükü

ülü negükü 35v

1887
WORD INDEX

negüdel/negüüdel

negüdel/negüüdel

yeke negüdel yabubasu 41v

negüdel negübesü 44r

èereg ba negüüdel buu od 58v

ne¯iged

[see under ni¯iged]

neme-

neme¯ü

ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder neme¯ü 6r

nemekü

edür söni qoyar-<y>i ulam ne¯iged ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü ba.

ba(uraqu 5v

ed a(urasun nemekü 46v

nemeyü

okin töröbesü ed adu(usun nemeyü 25v

buyan kešig (sayitur) nemeyü 37v, 37v, 56r

ner-e

ner-e

mo(ai ner-e öngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

1888
WORD INDEX

19v, 19v

dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan-u ner-e beèi¯ü yama(an-u eber-dü dürü¯ü 21v

ner-e-dür ner-e öggübesü 25v

ner-e ögbesü 26v, 30r, 32r

köbegün-e ner-e ögbesü 46v

ner-e eribesü 35r

na(šidar-un ner-e 59r, 59v

na(šidar-<y>i e¯ilekü-yin ner-e ene bui 59r

sayin ner-e aldaršiqu 61v

ner-e-dür

ner-e-dür ner-e öggübesü 25v

neretü

Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neretü sudur 2v

burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur 2v

lungru neretü èièig delgeremüi 13r

¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi 15r

èo( neretü ebesün èindaralamui 16r

Vim-a neretü qatun 33v

bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun buyu 32v

Vim-a neretü qatun Qasta buyu 34r

tngri-yin Vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai

1889
WORD INDEX

kemekü qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün 39v

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a neretü

qoyar odun bui 32v

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a neretü

qoyar odun bui 32v

ner-e-yi

dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-yi bièi¯ü 22r, 23v, 24v

dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e-yi ¯iru¯u 23r

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi ¯irubasu 27v, 32r

dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur beèi¯ü 24r

dayisun-u ner-e-yi beèibesü 27r

ene arban qoyar ner-e-yi tuslan ü¯e 50v

neres

neres-iyer

yerü Suša( sar-a terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-un neres-iyer

nereyidkü 3r

neyilèikil-

neyilèikilbesü

kegüken abun neyilèikilbesü 36r

neyièile-

neyièilebesü

1890
WORD INDEX

köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü 36v

köbegün okin neyièilebesü 37r

neyilegül-

neyilegülbesü

em neyilegülbesü 11v

qoor-a neyilegülbesü 41v

neyilegülküi 45v

qoor neyilegülküi üiles 46r

em neyilegülküi sayin edür 56r

neriyed-

nereyidkü

yerü Suša( sar-a terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-un neres-iyer

nereyidkü 3r

neyièile-

neyièilebesü

köbegün okin(-i) neyièilebesü 36r, 37r

neyilèikil-

neyilèikilbesü

kegüken abun neyilèikilbesü 36r

neyilegül-

neyilegülbesü

1891
WORD INDEX

em neyilegülbesü 11r

qoor-a neyilegülbesü 41v

neyilegülküi

aši( tusa bütüküi neyilegülküi 45v

qoor neyilegülküi üiles 46r

em neyilegülküi sayin edür 56r

nidü(n)

nidün

Bati bata güikü edürün belge inu ala( nidün bui 20v

nidün-dür nidün metü qoyar sayiqan köbegün törömüi 52v

nidün-dü

nidün-dü gem-dü kümün 4v

nidün-dür

nidün-dür ür-e sadun delgereged 52v

nidün-dür nidün metü qoyar sayiqan köbegün törömüi 52v

üsün kir(abasu nidün-dür qarši 57v

nidün-iyen

tegüni medeküi-dür nidün-iyen odun na(šidar-i nasuda šin¯ileküi kereg 4v

nidün-iyer

belge inu nigen nidün-iyer ü¯ebesü 3v

öber öber nidün-iyer na(šidar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-duquy-yi

1892
WORD INDEX

sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r

nidütei

balai kümün-i nidüt[e]i bol(a(èi Anurad buyu 33v

nidü-tü

(urban nidütü dörbel¯in 44r

(a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in

bui 20v

isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür kemekü na(šidar bui 25r

nidü-

nidübesü

em nidübesü 36r, 37r

otaèi-yin em nidübesü 35v

ni(u-

ni(u¯u

modun-u èinadu ki¯a(ar-a ni(u¯u amui 22r

usun-u ki¯a(ar-a ni(u¯u amui 23r

isün gerte ni(u¯u amu 22v

ger-ün egüüde umara ¯üg qandu(san modun-u door-a ni(u¯u amu 23v

örön-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur šara široi-du (a¯ar-a ni(u¯u amu 24r

qo(osun bal(asun-dur qara modun-u door-a ni(u¯u amu 24v

ni(uèa

1893
WORD INDEX

ni(uèa

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v

ni(uèa-dur

ni(uèa-dur ür-e-ügei bolqu 52v

ni(un

ni(un

ni(un töröbesü 43r

ni(ur

ni(ur

mo(ai öngge ni(ur 8v

nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad buyu 34r

ni(ur ugiya(èi 52v

okin-i ni(ur umara ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53v

okin-i ni(ur doron-a ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53v

okin-i ni(ur örön-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53r

okin-i ni(ur emün-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu 53r

ni(ur-aèa

qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r

ni(ur-iyan

(ar ni(ur-iyan ugiya¯u 4v

ni(ur-tur

1894
WORD INDEX

ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v

ni(ur-i

beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu ¯üg kemebesü 53v

nige [see nigen]; 5r

niged- [v.t. and v.i.; to unite; harmonize; to be in agreement];

nigedbesü

uridu üligsen ¯ir(u(an edür-yi nigedbesü 6v

nigen [one];

nigen 3r, 3r, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5v, 5v, 5v,

5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 20v, 20v, 22v, 23r,

24r, 24r, 24v, 26v, 28v, 28v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v,

33v, 33v, 33v, 34r, 34r, 36v, 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41r, 41r, 41r,

41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 51r, 52r, 54v, 55r, 56r,

56r, 59r, 59r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 60v, 60v, 60v

nigen šin-e 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v,

19v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v

šinein nigen 41v

nigen edür 22r, 42r

Nigen sar-a 48v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v

1895
WORD INDEX

arban nigen 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r,

39r, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 58v, 60r, 60v

arban nigen sar-a 18r, 18r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v

qorin nigen 8v, 9r, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 54r

nigen-e

arban nigen-e 39v, 40r

qorin nigen-e 44v, 54r, 56r

nigüles-

nigülesküi

degedü medekü-yin nigülesküi usun bari(èid-aèa 1v

ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi 2r

nigültü

nigültü kümün 5r

ni¯iged/ne¯iged [=ni¯eged]

ni¯eged

ne¯iged ne¯iged/ni¯iged ni¯iged 6r, 6r

edür söni qoyar-<y>i ulam ne¯iged ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü 5v

1896
WORD INDEX

ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkü 6r

edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui 6r

öèüken ¯il-lu(-a [=¯il-lüge] ni¯iged odun bui. ni¯iged gara( bui. ni¯iged

gara(-lu(-a ni¯iged èa( bari(èi bui 33r

nilbusun

nilbusun

qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r

nilq-a

nilq-a

(a¯ar ködelbesü [n]ilq-a keü ba èai qudalduèin-a ma(u bui 30r

nirai

nirai-dur

nir[a]i-dur ner-e ögbesü 32r

niru(u(n)/nira(un

niru(u

¯ir(u(an šin-e arban dörben qorin qoyar (uèin-a noqai niru(u ma(u 49v

niru(u-yi

dörben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-[y]i qara 41r

niru(un 55r, 55r, 55r

èa(an baras-un niru(un mör (arbasu sayin 49r

[n]iru(un inu umara 55r

1897
WORD INDEX

gerün [n]iru(un metü 59v

niru(un-dur 55r/nira(un-dur

köke luu-yin niru(un-tur mör (arbasu sayin 49r

niru(un-dur ür-e tasuraqu 52v

nira(un-dur ür-etasuram 52v

[n]iru(un-tur beri buu ab<a> 55r

niru(un-tur èerig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v

niru(un-da(an

ken-dür uèira(san beri niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri bui

bügüdedü ma(u 54r

nis-

nisümüi

¯a(ur-a salbarun ¯ul¯a(an degde¯ü nisümüi 12r

nitul-

nitulqui

nitulqui-dur

nitulqui-tur duritu 32r

nitulquy-yi

alaqu nitulquy-yi üiledbesü 28r

no(èi

no(èi

1898
WORD INDEX

takir no(èi kümün

takir no(èi kümün-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(èi Mig buyu 33v

no(o(an

no(o(an

no(o(an debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 34v, 35v

nom

nom 4r

nom nomlabasu 23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v, 61r

nom buyan üiledbesü 24r

nom ungšibasu 25v, 27v

nom bièebesü 26v, 35r, 36r, 36r, 46v

nom bièig bièibesü 36v

nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v

nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui 37v

¯arli( nom medekü bolumui 37v

nom ba yertinèü-deki aliba sayin üiles üiledbesü 44v

Ayuši-yin nom ungšiqui 45v

nom kiged buyan kešig delgerekü 46v

nom buyan üiledkü 60v

nom-du

üküsed-ün nom-du 60v

1899
WORD INDEX

nom-dur

šagšabad tegülder nom-dur tegüs ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 29r

ögligèi nom-dur duritu boluyu 30r

nom-dur orobasu 36r

nom-i

burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v

nom-ud

ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil 1v

nom-un

ünen nom-un kürdün 13r

nom-un ¯üil-dür duratai 25v

nomèi

nomèi tegüs ¯ir(alang-du bolumui 27v

nomla-

nomlaba

Nagajuna ba(ši nomlaba 4r

nomlabasu

nom nomlabasu 23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v, 61r

nomla(san

ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v

nomla(san-u tulada 1v, 4r, 37v

1900
WORD INDEX

ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen burqan-u nomla(san sudur dandaris 2r

nomla(san-i tayilbasu 2r

qutu(tu Manjušari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar 2v

burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur 2v

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür 49v

keriy-e-yin ündüsün-dür nomla(san buyu 56v

nomla¯uqui 3r

busu sudur-ud-tur nomla¯uqui 2r

noqai-dur ebedèin emeleküi-i èigerlegülün nomla¯uqui 56v

nomlar-un

Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris-dur nomlar-un 2r

dandaris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroši(ulqu kemebesü 37v

nomo(adqa-

nomo(odqabasu

dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r

èidker-nu(ud-i nomo(odqabasu 23r

èidköd-yi nomo(odqabasu 34v, 35v

qarši-yi nomo(odqabasu 28r

erketen-i nomo(odqabasu 28r

engküri-yi nomo(odqabasu 25r

üküger-i nomo(adqabasu 46v

1901
WORD INDEX

nomo(adqa¯u

¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r

nomo(odqaqui

nomo(odqaqui üile 31v

noqai

noqai

Noqai ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v

noqai ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r

noqai ¯ilten 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v

Noqai sara 2v, 3v, 16r, 16r, 40r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

¯a noqai sara 7v

bing noqai sara 7v

uu noqai sara 7v

king noqai sara 7v

šim noqai sara 7v

Noqai edür 8r, 9r, 10r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v,

42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r,

53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v

Noqai èa( 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 54r

¯a noqai èa( 7v

1902
WORD INDEX

bing noqai èa( 7v

uu noqai èa( 7v

king noqai èa( 7v

šim noqai èa( 7v

èa(an noqai kötelügsen 4v

noqai abqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

noqai (a¯ar-a 13r

noqai quraèi¯u [=qurièa¯u] qošiyalamui 16r

tngri-yin noqai 32v, 52r

tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge doro(ši qandu(san qara

sara bui 20v

tngri-yin qara noqai

odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in inu tngri-yin qara noqai

ba(umu 55r

(a¯ar-un noqai

(a¯ar-un noqai ideši erikü edürün belge inu (urban nidütü dörbel¯in

bui 20v

(a¯ar-un e¯in noqai ideši eriküi edür 44r

èa(an segeretü qara noqai 22r

1903
WORD INDEX

ala( noqai 24v

noqai te¯iyebesü 44r

noqai kegübesü 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v

noqai x 58r, 58r

[n]oqai x 58r

noqai qoši(un 49v

noqai terigün 49v

noqai terigütü 55r

noqai niru(u 49v

noqai ülü te¯igekü ülü alaqu ülü ¯anèiqu. ülü abqu 58r

noqai-dur

aliba sarayin noqai-dur ebedèin emleküy-[yi] èigerlegülün nomla¯uqui 56v

noqai-yin 59r

noqai-yin qabar 49v

tngri-yin noqai-yin kürdün 52v

tngri-yin noqai-yin aman 53r

tngri-yin noqai-yin yabudal yeke kereg-dü bui 55v

noyad

noyad

noyad isanglaqu 35v

noyad iši-dür ¯ol(obasu 35v

1904
WORD INDEX

noyad-tur

noyad-dur ma(u 26r

noyan

noyan

noyan kümün 5r

èereg-ün noyan 21v

èereg-ün noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v

èireg-ün noyan-u gara( 22v

èereg-ün noyan ükükü 40r

(a¯ar ködelbesü ulus-un noyan ükükü 27v

qan noyan bolqu 46v

noyan sa(uqu 47v

noyan iši ¯ol(abasu 37r

noyan isanglaqu 37r

Üker edür noyan ülü isanglaqu 57r

noyan isanglabasu 61r

noyan-dur

doron-a ¯üg qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur ¯i(abasu 24v

noyan-u

dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan-u ner-e 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v

dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e 23r

1905
WORD INDEX

èireg mordobasu noyan-u bey-e ba morin-dur ma(u 41r

nögèi-

nögèigsen

ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen burqan 1v

nököd

nököd

nököd ülü ¯okildun qadquldu(ad 27r

nököèe-

nököèebesü

do(šin qariyal kikü qari(ulaqu dayisun-i daruqu üiles-i egün-lüge

[n]ököèibesü sayin küèütü bolumui 42v

nököge

nököge

nigen ger-ün bara(an-i nököge gerte ¯okiyabasu 36v

nökögesün

nökögesün

nökögesün debeltü 22r

nöröge

nöröge

nöröge èirai 22v

numu(n)

1906
WORD INDEX

numu 50v

numun

numun qata(uu küèütü bolumui 18r

numun-u

Numun-u ger

naran Numun-u gertür oro(san 18r

nuta

nuta

Margašar-dur amu(ulang nuta bolumui 38r

nutu(

nutu(

nutu( buu ü¯e 34v

nutu( ularibasu 34v, 43v

nutu( qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v

(olomta ger nutu( mör ede sayin bui 51v

nutu( ger (olomta degüü ede sayin bui 51v

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egüüde anu sayin 60r

nutu(-aèa

nutu(-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v

nutu(-dur

šin-e nutu(-dur buu ba(u 43r

1907
WORD INDEX

nutu(la-

nutu(labasu

šin-e nutuglabasu 41v

nüke(n)

nüke

(a¯ar usun èöm amin nüke kürümüi 18r

quddu( nüke bulabasu 37r

quddu( nüke butegen bulabasu 36r

kegür-ün nüke metü 59v

nüken-dür

Mo(ai sara mön-ü tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nüken-dür orkimui 11r

nüken-eèe

Qulu(an-a sara mön-ü tula belge inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-eèe

ülü (arumui 18r

obo(

obo(-iyar

na(šidar-a i¯a(ur obo(-iyar il(abasu 61r

obo(-tan

öber-e obo(-tan dörben kümün qula(u¯u amu 27r

Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan

buyu 61r

1908
WORD INDEX

Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun èingbatu

obo(-tan buyu 61r

Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r

Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin

obo(-tan buyu 61v

Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü

obo(-tan buyu 61v

Mig Burvasad Burvabadaribad Barani eden maši tübšin obo(-tan

buyu 61v

Kerteg Šuša( qoyar èing böged ¯ögelen obo(-tan buyu 61v

oèi

oèi-du

(al-un oèi-du tülekü 55v

(al-un oèi-tu tülekü 56r

od-

od

ötegüü ebügen emegen buu od ma(u bui 27r

(a¯ar-un ba(atud-un tere ¯üg èereg ba negüüdel buu od 58v

odba

isün kümün umara emün-e abèu odba 22r

1909
WORD INDEX

örön-e qandu(san gerte abèu odba 22v

qoyar kümün qula(uyu doron-a ¯üg abèu odba 23r

odbasu

aliba ta(alaqui ¯üg (ada(ši odbasu 4v

qudaldu odbasu 15r

qola (a¯ar-a qudaldu odbasu 36r

qudalduèin-dur odbasu 41r

èinadus-un dayisun-dur odbasu 22r

tegerem-e odbasu 25v, 29v, 35r

èireg tegerm-e odbasu 31r

qola ba oyir-a odbasu 31r

doron-a (¯üg) odbasu 49v, 50r, 50r, 50v

emün-e (¯üg) odbasu 49v, 50r, 50r, 50v

örön-e (¯üg) odbasu 49v, 50r, 50r, 50v

umara (jüg) odbasu 49v, 50r, 50r, 50v

dörben ¯obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v

odèu

qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v

odqu

odqu-yin

nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür 6r

1910
WORD INDEX

odqu ba

qola busu (a¯ar-a odqu ba 61v

nara [. . .] umar-a odqu 3v, 5v

odqui

odqui ba

nara emüneši odqui ba 3r, 3v, 5v

odqui-dur

nara [. . .] umar-a ¯üg odqui-dur 3r

nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü 6r

naran umara ¯üg odqui 37v

tegirm-e qula(ai odqui 46r

qola (a¯ar-a odqui 47v

odèa(/odèu(

odèa(

odèa( tülebesü 42v

odèa( egüdbesü 43v

odèu(

kam-dur uèira(san beri (ar-ta(an odèu( bari(san bui bügüde-dü sayin 54r

odèu(

[see under odèa(]

1911
WORD INDEX

odud

odud 37r, 37v, 37v, 46v, 48v, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 61r

odud-un

örön-e ¯üg-ün altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegüsbe 31r

odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a ali bui 33r

odud-un terigün Kerteg bui 33r

odu(n)

odun 37v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 51r, 53r, 56r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 61r

odun na(šidar-un kürdün 2r

odun ba na(šidar-un uèaral 2v

nara urbaqui odun 2v

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v

qošiyad qošiyad qono(-un odun na(šidar-yi to(alaqu ügei 3v

saban sara-dur odun na(šidar ü¯eküi 4r

nidün-iyen odun na(šidar-i nasuda šin¯ileküi kereg 4v

aliba odun na(šidar-yi endegüre¯ü ese medebesü 4v

odun na(šidar-i ülü medekü 4v

Široi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

1912
WORD INDEX

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 24r, 24r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 48v, 52r, 56r

Naran odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21v, 21v, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45r, 52r

Sara(n) odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22r, 22r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v,

44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 48v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 56r

'al odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v,

44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 48v, 52r, 56r

Usun odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

1913
WORD INDEX

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r

Modun odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23r, 23r, 32v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v,

44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 56v

Altan odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r

odun gara(-lu(-a tegüs<s>ügsen-e mörgümüi 32r

minu odun ali bui 32v

yabuqui odun 32v

okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v

Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi odun 32v

dumda büküi-yi to(orin yabu(èi odun 32v

a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(èi odun 32v

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a

neretü qoyar odun bui 32v

1914
WORD INDEX

Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi <m>odun mön uridu qoyar odun

terigülen ¯ir(u(an qadu(ur odun ba. tngri-yin noqai ba. Modun odun

kiged orgil-iyar to(orimui 32v

Sümber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ekilen qorin

naiman odun ba. nara sara kiged isün gara( ba. èa( möèe-yi bari(èi (uèin

qoyar okin tngri ba. yeke öèüken odun bügüde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v

öèüken ¯il-lu(-a ni¯iged odun bui 33r

arban tabun odun bügüde door-a to(orimui 33r

(al-un galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui33r

usun-u galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

kiy-yin galab bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

nigen gegün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

nigen üker-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

ügegüü kümün-i bayan bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

bayan kümün-i ügegüregülegèi odun ali bui 33r

qurim-dur kešig tasurla(èi odun ali bui 33r

šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i] tüimeriddügèi odun ali bui 33r

nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

ür-e-ügei kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

1915
WORD INDEX

(uyiranèi kümün-dür altan ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r

èi(ul(an-dur ol¯a ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r

ma(ui arad-i sayid-un ¯erge-dür oro(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r

qan kümün-i ür-e alda(ula(èi [odun] ali bui 33r

èinu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r

tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ura(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33v

ba(ši kümün-i èidker bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a alda(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33v

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui üiles ügegüü duta(uu bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33v

¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu 34r

odun na(šidar sayin bögesü 37v, 42r, 46r

odun na(šidar uèirabasu 37v

edür-lu(-a odun qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r

tülegèi odun 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u

uèaral bolumui 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui 45r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui 45r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui 45r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral

Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar ¯okiyasu(ai 45r

1916
WORD INDEX

Luuq-a odun 45v

odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-yi il(a¯u bièisügei 46r

¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun 51r

beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui 52r

ede odun na(šidar tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯e 52r

gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v

odun gara( 55r

Mul odun 56r

(adquldu(èi tngri-yin egüden odun 59r

bayan kümün-i ügeyiregülügèi odun 59r

šilu(un ön<e>gge ¯ögelen odun 59r

usun-dur alda(san šimnus-un odun 59r

¯i(ulèin mör türidkegèi odun 59r

(anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in odun 59r

öröne umara-yin ši¯im odun 59r

albin-u tegermeèi odun 59r

qaškirqui èögebüri odun 59r

üküger qara ¯arudasun odun 59r

(altu tor(on ergiküi Modun odun 59r

bu(u-yin eber-ün a(ui odun 59r

1917
WORD INDEX

bütügèi odun 59r

küü sang bari(èi odun 59r

nigen em-e yisün er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r

tngri-yin šijim odun 59r

qan kümün törü¯ü ükükü odun 59r

dolo(an öl¯eyitü bayan odun 59r

dörbel¯in küri odun 59r

da(ulaèi önöèin odun 59r

ila(un daru(da(èi odun 59r

görögeèin šimnus-un odun 59r

miqaèi èögebüri-yin odun 59r

yeke sun-a odun 59r

miqaèi ¯a(an odun 59r

ür-e tasulu(èi odun 59r

nigen kümün ki¯a(ar dayisun daru(èi odun 59r

abu(èi eliy-e odun 59r

odun erdem-yi to(olabasu 60v

Rôkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis keš[i]g-ün odun bui 60v

Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui 60v

Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui 60v

Burvabalguni Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui 60v

1918
WORD INDEX

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-ün odun bui 60v

Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v

Kerteg Margašar Èayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v

öber-ün odun 60v

dörben ür-e tasura(san odun 61r

dörben tan odun 61r

dörben belbesün odun 61r

eden dörben odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan buyu 61r

eden dörben odun èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r

eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin obo(-tan buyu 61v

eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v

odun-aèa

ede (urban odun-aèa busu inu ma(u 56v

odun-dur

¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun-dur mese buu barii 33v

ede sayin odun-dur šitügen-dür qutu( oroši(ulbasu 38r

Nara odun-dur ed mal qorom¯i bolqu 56r

öber-ün törögsen odun-dur ya(un buu üiled 56r

Naran odun-dur gegen oyutu bolumui 56v

Altan odun-dur tusa yeke bolqu 56v

dörben terigün odun-dur adis ülü daru(ulqu 61v

1919
WORD INDEX

dörben eèüs odun-dur qutu( ülü oroši(ulqu bui 61v

odun-i 50v

ede belges-lu(-a tokiyaldu(ul¯u edür-ün odun-i medekü bolai 5r

qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u 21r

dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui 24v

odun-iyar

Modun odun-iyar uduridu(ad 2r

Široi odun-iyar ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r

Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi 2v

na(šidarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r

odun-lu(-a

Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür 2v

odun-u

odun-u düri

¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu üsün düyilü(èi tong(ori(-dur adali 25r

tabun odun-u düri inu tergen-ü kürdün metü bui 25v

(urban odun-u düri inü görögesün-ü terigün metü bui 26r

isün odun-u düri inu. kirüge-metü bui 26r

(urban odun-u düri inu. tul(-a-yin modun metü bui 26v

(urban odun düri inu kir(a(ul metü bui 27r

¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu mo(ay-yin terigün metü bui 27r

1920
WORD INDEX

¯ir(u(an odun düri inu qoši(u metü bui 27v

qoyar odun-u düri inu qulu(an-a metü bui 27v

qoyar odun-u düri inu ildün metü bui 28r

tabun odun-u düri inu (ar metü bui 28r

nigen odun-u düri inu bata metü bui 28v

dörben odun-u düri inu jindamuni metü bui 28v

dörben odun-u düri a(ula metü 29r

¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui 29v

(urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan metü bui 29v

(urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün metü 30r

dörben odun-u düri inu segül metü bui 30r

tabun odun-u düri inu ¯a(an metü bui 30v

dörben odun-u düri inu erdeni morin metü bui 30v

(urban odun[-u] düri inu ¯a(an-u terigün metü bui 31r

dörben odun-u düri vaèir metü bui 31r

qoyar odun-u düri inu ürgül¯i seèig metü bui 31r

qoyar odun-u düri inu tergen metü bui 31v

qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v

(uèin qoyar odun düri inu ong(uèa metü bui 31v

(urban odun[-u] düri inu morin terigün metü bui 32r

(urban odun-u düri inu lingquu-a metü bui 32r

1921
WORD INDEX

odun-u terigün ali bui 33r

gara( odun-u sayin 38r

edür-ün odun-u sayin uèiral 38r

odun-u sayin-i edür-iyer il(ayu 46r

dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v

na(šidar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a bui düri ba maqabud ene bui 59v

odu-yi

edür-ün odu-yi medebesü na(šidar-yi tegüber medekü bolai 5r

o(tal-

[see also o(tol-]

o(talun

modun o(talun negübesü 36v

o(talqui

oi modun o(talqui 61v

o(talda-

o(talda(san

tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un o(talda(san na(šidar 28v

o(tar(ui

o(tar(ui-du

(a¯ar-un sünesü anu. Baras Mo(ai Beèin 'aqai edür-e o(tar(ui-du

amui 58v

1922
WORD INDEX

o(tar(ui-dur

o(tar(ui-dur Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 8r

o(tar(ui-tur Udaribalguni na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 9r

o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r

o(tar(ui-dur Šuša( na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r

o(tar(ui-dur Èista na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r

o(tar(ui-dur Burvasad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 13r

o(tar(ui-dur Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 14r

o(tar(ui-dur Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r

šir(ol¯i terigüten amitan degde¯ü o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r

o(tar(ui-dur Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 16r

o(tar(ui-dur Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 17r

o(tar(ui-tur Margišar na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 18r

o(tar(ui-dur Bus na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 19r

o(tar(uy-yi

o(tar(uy-yi egülen bürkü¯ü 4v

o(tol-

[see also o(tal-]

o(tol

modun buu o(tol 34v

oi

1923
WORD INDEX

oi

oi modun

oi modun o(talqui 61v

okid

okid

naran Okin-u gerdür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki<n> okid üjügürkeküi

èa( bui 15r

okin/ökin

okin 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r

okin sara

¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r

Okin tngri

Okin tngri ba(uqu edürün belge inu gabala bui 20r

(uèin qoyar okin tngri ba 32v

Okin tngri ba(uqu edür 47r

bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun buyu 32v

okin ögbesü 21v, 24r, 25r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 31r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 41v,

41v

okin ber'i ögbesü 22v, 35v

okin buu ög 34r, 53r

(aqai edür okin ülü ögkü 58r

1924
WORD INDEX

okin beri buu ög. buu ab 58v

okin bögesü il(ari bui 23r

okin töröbesü 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 28r, 31v

okin üdebesü 31v

okin bo(tala- 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r, 47v

okin bo(tolaqu sayin edür 53r

okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu 36v

okin ba(ul(abasu 43v

okin beri ba(ul(abasu 44r, 44r, 46v

köbegün okin neyièilebesü 37r

ai okin ken buyu 32v

ai okin èi biy-e èinu öèüken bögetel-e ker yeke üge ügülemüi 32v

ai okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali [. . .] 32v

okin ügülerün 32v, 33v

okin qari(uu ügüler-ün 32v, 32v, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v

okin bögesü gem ülü boluyu 51v

ede dumda beri bui. okin törömüi 52r

segül-tür okin olan 52v

debel tülebesü okin kümün ükügsen-i sonostaqu 57v

ökin

ökin ögkü 60r

1925
WORD INDEX

okin-aèa

okin-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v

okin-da(an

borbin-dur okin-da(an qarši 52v

okin-dur

okin-dur in¯i ülü ögküi ma(u edür 53v

okin-i 54r

köbegün okin-i neyièilebesü 36r

okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü kürdün 51r

okin-i ni(ur umara ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v

okin-i ni(ur doron-a ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v

okin-i ni(ur örön-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v

okin-i ni(ur emün-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v

qulu(an-a morin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai èa(-tu (al-dur mörgügülbesü sayin 53v

üker qonin ¯iltü okin-i takiy-a èa(-du (al-du mörgügül 53v

baras beèin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r

taulai takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i Noqai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r

luu noqai ¯iltü okin-i taulai èa(tu (al-dur mörgügül 54r

mogai (aqai ¯iltü okin-i beèin èa(tu (al-dur mörgügülbesü sayin 54r

qulu(an-a morin ¯iltü okin-i nigen šin-e arban (urban ¯ir(u(an-a

umara doron-a mör (arbasu sayin 54r

1926
WORD INDEX

qulu(an-a ¯iltü okin-i taulai ¯iltüdü buu ög 54v

üker ¯iltü okin-i luu ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

baras ¯iltü okin-i mo(ai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

taulai ¯iltü okin-i morin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

luu ¯iltü okin-i qonin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

mo(ai ¯iltü okin-i beèin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

morin ¯iltü okin-i takiy-a ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

qonin ¯iltü okin-i noqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

beèin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i qulu(an-a ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

okin-u

Okin-u ger

naran Okin-u gerdür oro(san-u tula yirtinèü-deki<n> okid

üjügürkeküi èa( bui 15r

ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyal-du(ul¯u ü¯egdeküi 51r

ede sarada okin-u bey-e-dü ma(u 51r

ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v

okin-u mör (arqu edür 54r

ol-

olu(san

¯öng bilig olu(san Manjušari 1v

1927
WORD INDEX

tu(ulu(san burqan-u qutu(-i olu(san sayin èa( bui 11r

olumui

olumui-¯-a

ed mal . . . olumui-¯-a 22v

oluyu

ed adu(usun . . . oluyu 27v

degedü töröl-yi oluyu 29r

degedü töröl oluyu 30r

olan

olan sudur 4r

dayisun olan bolu(ad 28v

köbegün aèinar olan bolumui 38r

köbegün olan (bolqu) 52v, 52v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v

okin olan 52v

uru( olan bolu(ad 54v

olan arad ¯okiqu 56r

olan kümün ma(u sedkekü 56r

olan sana(atu 61r

olda-

oldamui

¯ir(u(an edür-e oldamui 26v

1928
WORD INDEX

oldaqu

ülü oldaqu 47v, 47v

ed oldaqu bayasqulang 50r

ed oldaqu sayin 50r

oldayu 27r

nigen edür ba. ese bögesü tabun edür-dür oldayu 22r

dolo(an ba ese bögesü isün qono(-tu oldayu 23r

ese oldabasu yerüde ülü oldayu 23r

bandi kümün abèu oldayu 23v

oyir-a ¯üg eri oldayu 24r

ülü oldayu 24v, 28v, 29r

edür-e oldayu 27r, 29v

darui oldayu 28v

dolo(an edür-dü oldayu 29v

darui-dur eribesü oldayu 30v

dolo(an edür oldayu 31r

delgereküi uèaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v

ol(a(ulu(èi

ol(a(ulu(èi

(uyiranèi kümün-dür altan ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r

èi(ul(an-dur ol¯a ol(a(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r

1929
WORD INDEX

èi(ul(an-dur ol¯a ol(a(ulu(èi Burvasad buyu 33v

kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi Tanis buyu 33v

olgi-

olgiqui

olgiqui üiles-dür sayin 46r

on

on

(urban ¯a(un ¯iran ¯ir(u(an edür-i nigen on bol(aju bui 6v

edüged-ün nigen on (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bol(a¯u to(alabasu

¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi 6v

ene on ¯uu sui 7r

qoyitu on li èun 7r

tngri (a¯ar-un on sara edür èa( möèe. odun gara( ede bügüde-yin e¯in

inu 55r

on-du

döèin dolo(an on-du saban ügei bögesü uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i tegši

ü¯egdeküi 6v

qur-a ese orobasu qoyitu on-du qur-a èuqa( (ang bolqu 17r

dovrm-a dovngli (ar(abasu ba(ši on-du ülü kürkü 41r

on-dur

(urban on-dur (uèin ¯ir(u(an edür bolumui 6v

1930
WORD INDEX

on-u

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür-dü uridu üligsen [=ülegsen]

¯ir(u(an edür-<y>i nigedbesü nigen saban sara bolumui 6v

önggeregsen döèin dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bögesü 6v

tere sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v

önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sarayin arban tabun 7r

edüge ene on-u Qubi sarayin nigen šinide tokiyaldumui 7r

ong(oèa

ong(oèa

ong(oèa oro(ulbasu 12r

usun-dur ong(oèa oro(ulbasu 14r

(uèin qoyar odun düri inu ong(uèa metü bui 31v

ong(oèa metü 59v

šin-e ba qa(uèin ong(oèa mörin-e buu oro(ul buu getülge 35v

šin-e ong(oèa usun-a oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v

ong(oèa yabu(ulbasu 36v

ong(oèa deger-e (arbasu urbaqu 47v

ong(od

ong(od-i

ong(od-i takibasu 35v

tngri ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r, 48r

1931
WORD INDEX

ong(od-un

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v

ono-

ono¯u

ai qa(an narin-a ü¯e¯ü gün-e ono¯u medegdeküi 34r

oqor/aqur

oqor/aqur

edür söni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v

urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu 5v

edür söni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r

amin nasun oqor bol- 24r, 29v, 39r

köbegün töröbesü qaram sedkil yeke amin oqor bolumui 27v

beri-yin amin oqor boluyu 34v

qan kümün-eèe èola abubasu amin nasun aqur bolqu 47v

orèi(ul-

orèi(ulqu

yeke kölge-yi orèi(ulqu edür 34v

orèi(ulqui

kürdün orèi(ulqui 38v

orèi(ulu(san

Enedk[e]g-eèe orèi(ulu(san Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris 2r

1932
WORD INDEX

ünen nom-un kürdün-i orèi(ulu(san buyan-du sayin èa( bui 13r

ordo

ordo

ordo qarši

ordo qarši ¯asabasu 21v

doto(adu ordo

doto(adu ordo mör (arbasu sayin 49r

altan ordo

altan ordo mör (arbasu sayin 49r

ordo-dur

tngri-yin ordo-dur mör (arbasu sayin 49r

orgil

orgil

Sümber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u Mahašuvari

terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar èinggeldümüi 38v

orgil-iyar

Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi odun 32v, 32v

mön uridu qoyar odun terigülen ¯ir(u(an qadu(ur odun ba. tngri-yin

noqai ba. Modun odun kiged orgil-iyar to(orimui 32v

orki-

orkibasu

1933
WORD INDEX

tariyan-dur köröngge orkibasu 46v

orkimui

mo(ai arisun-iyan nüken-dür orkimui 11r

orkiqui

èisun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v

oro(n) [n. 1. bed; 2. place; throne];

oro

šin-e širigen oro ¯asabasu 36v

oron 3r

Manjušari-yin Kitad-un oron buyu 2r

burqan-u oron eribesü 22v

oron-a

(qan) oron-a sa(u- 8r, 21v, 25v, 34v, 37r, 41v, 61r

oron-da(an

nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v

oron-dur

qara Kitad-un oron-dur 2r

a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v

oron-i

tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida Šingq-a sari 1v

oron-u

1934
WORD INDEX

naran qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula 12r

oron-u širige baribasu 37r

oro-

oroba

tariyan-u köröngge (ajar oroba kememüi 10r

orobasu

qur-a (ese) orobasu 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 61r, 61v

èisun/èasu ese orobasu 17r, 19r

šini gerdür orobasu 22r, 23r, 25v, 26v, 28v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 37r, 47v

bièig-dür orobasu 35v, 36v, 37r

nom-dur orobasu 36r

quddu(-tur orobasu 37r

ede önggetü jil orobasu 52r

boro(an orobasu 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v

oro(san

nara qumqan-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula 8r

naran ¯i(asun-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula 9r

nara qonin-u gertür oro(san-u tula 10r

nara üker-ün ger-dür oro(san-u tula 11r

naran qamtudquy-yin ger-dür oron-u tula 12r

1935
WORD INDEX

gargada-u gerdür naran oro(san-u tula 13r

naran arsalan-u gerdür oro(san-u tula 14r

naran okin-u gerdür oro(san-u tula 15r

naran èinglegüür-ün gertür oro(san-u tula 16r

naran tiler-ün gerdür oro(sun-u tula 17r

naran numun-u gertür oro(san-u tula 18r

naran matar-un ger-dür oro(san-u tula 19r

matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dür 39r

oro(ul-

oro(ul

möndür buu oro(ul 34v

qa(uèin ong(oèa mörin-e buu oro(ul 35v

oro(ulbasu

(usun-dur) ong(oèa oro(ulbasu 12r, 14r

šin-e ong(oèa usun-a oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v

kümün-i erke-dür-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r

möndür oro(ulbasu 32r

qa(an-a (tatal(-a) bièig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r

(adan-a-aèa bara(an oro(ulbasu 36v

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool ¯irüken oro(ulbasu 36v

ülü taèiyan gerte oro(ulbasu 53v

1936
WORD INDEX

oro(ula(èi (sing.)/oro(ula(èid (pl.)

degedü amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(èid 1v

ma(ui arad-i sayid-un ¯erge-dür oro(ulu(èi (odun) 33r, 33v

gerte oro(ula(èi 52v

oro(ulqu

gerte ülü oro(ulqu edür kemebesü 53v

oro(ulqui

erkedür oro(ulqui keèiyeküi üiles 13r

möndür oro(ulqui terigüten aliba do(šin üile üiledbesü 39r

oro(ulu(ad

sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad 1v

oroju

usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u qa(dalamui 17r

oroldu-

orolduju

tere qula(ayièi-dur nigen em-e kümün oroldu¯u amu 23r

tedün-lüge nigen band'i kümün oroldu¯u 24r

oroldun

nigen köbegün oroldun qula(uyu 24v

oromui

dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r

1937
WORD INDEX

èisun oromui 9r

dula(an-u tegši oromui 10r

üsken qur-a oromui 11r

küiten-ü a(ur oromui 17r

tüimer-e tüimeridkü qula(ai oromui 47v

boro(an orobasu basa oromui 61v, 61v

oroqu

ma(ad degedüs-ün ¯erge-dür oroqu maši sayin 24r

isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu . . . na(šidar bui 25r

šimnus-un qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui 27v

yal-a-dur oroqu 41r

kümün ülü oroqu 48r

ger-dür qula(ayièi oroqu 57v

dörben èa(-un a(ur oroqu-yin uridu 59v

boro(an orobasu basa oroqu 61v

qur-a orobasu darui-tur oroqu 61v

oroqui

a(ur oroqui-dur 10r

edür söni qubi saèu(uu bo[l]qu oroqui èa( 16r

qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r

oroyu

1938
WORD INDEX

qur-a oroyu 26r

orod

orod

morin ¯ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v

oroi

luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r

orong(-a

orong(-a

yerti[n]èü-yi ebdegèi qara orong(-a bari¯u 39v

orong(-a-tu

dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a 33v, 34r

orong(u [n. a kind of antelope with long flat horns];

orong(u-yin eber 60r

oroši-

oroši(san

öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edür 20r

(dolo(an) ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 44v, 45v, 45v

öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar 60v

1939
WORD INDEX

oroši¯u

do(šin gara(-un dotor-a oroši¯u eèige eke-yu(an ¯arumui 43r

orošiqu

öl¯i qutu( orošiqu bolumui 48r

oroši(ul-

oroši(ulbasu

qutu( oroši(ulbasu 8r, 24r, 29v, 31r, 34v, 37v, 38r

šitügen-dür qutu( oroši(ulbasu 38r, 43v

sayitar oroši(ulbasu 14r

rabnas oroši(ulbasu 21v, 24r, 46v

öl¯i qutu( oroši(ulbasu 21v, 29r

kegüür oroši(ulbasu 35v, 43v

oroši(ulqu

tere sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v

kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edür 20r

nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v

dandaris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroši(ulqu kemebesü 37v

qutu( oroši(ulqu üiles 38r

qutu( ülü oroši(ulqu bui 61v

oroši(ulqui

saban sara-yi oroši(ulqui ar(-a 6v

1940
WORD INDEX

subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui . . . sayin edür 37v

ündüsün-ü yosu(ar qutu( oroši(ulqui-dur 37v

rabnas oroši(ulqui kiged buyantu üiles-dür 61v

oroši(ulun

bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün 56v

otaèi

otaèi

emèi otaèi kümün 4v

otaèi-yi

otaèi-yi erin ebedèin-i ü¯igülbesü 36v

otaèi-yin

otaèi-yin em nidübesü 35v

oyila-

oyilaqu

ülü oyilaqu 24v, 57v

oyir-a

oyir-a

keger-e oyir-a bui 24r

oyir-a ¯üg eri oldayu 24r

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu oyir-a bui 28r

qola ba oyir-a odbasu 31r

1941
WORD INDEX

oyišiya-

oyišiyamu

ülü oyišiyamu 60v

oyu(n)

oyu-tu

Naran odun-dur gegen oyutu bolumui 56v

oyun

köbegün töröbesü ([. . .]) oyun qurdun 61r, 61v

oyun-a

okin töröbesü (ayiqamši( oyun-a ta(alal-du boluyu 26r

öber

öber

öber öber

öber öber nidün-iyer na(šidar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-duquy-yi

sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r

(a¯ar ködelbesü ar(-a beligten [=biligten] öber ¯a(uraban ebderemü 31v

öber èa( 51r

öber-ün

öber-ün tusa bütügebesü 22v

öber-ün dayan-u küèün yeke bögesü ber em-e köbegün kiged. ed

ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

1942
WORD INDEX

öber-ün saki(ulsun-iyan keèiye 43r

öber-ün törögsen odun-dur ya(un buu üiled 56r

öber-ün odun 60v

öber-e

öber-e

öber-e obo(-tan dörben kümün qula(u¯u amu 27r

aèinar-i öber-e sal(abasu 34r

mal-i öber-e sal(abasu 36v

öèi-

öèibesü

öèig öèibesü 27r, 35r

öèig

öèig

öèig öèibesü 27r, 35r

öèim

öèim

egüüden-dür ¯igerde morin öèim ula(an debeltü ba ula(an (ajar

bui-¯-a 22v

öèügüked

öèügüked-ün

qar-a to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada adalamui 26v

1943
WORD INDEX

öèügüked-ün eliy-e darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v, 31v

öèügüken

öèügüken

öèügüken tusa bütügebesü 16r

öèügüken ari(un köbegün 24r

öèügüken sedkil-dü boluyu 31r

öèüken

öèüken

öèüken sar-a 53r

basa arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a

bol(a¯u 6v

(a¯ar-tur dula(an-u a(ur öèüken oromui 8r

öèüken ¯i(asun qošiyalamui 11r

öèüken qara edür

öèüken qara edürün belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v

šara öèüken kümün 24r

köbegün töröbesü yeke kimor-du öèüken beligtü [=biligtü] 26v

ai okin èi biy-e èinu öèüken bögetel-e ker yeke üge ügülemüi 32v

yeke öèüken

yeke öèüken odun bügüde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v

öèüken ¯il

1944
WORD INDEX

öèüken ¯il-lu(-a [=¯il-lüge] ni¯iged odun bui 33r

ene sarada qariquügei bögetel-e ¯ir(u(an šinede öèüken èi(ulumui 38v

öèüken edür 41v

öèüken-i

saras-un yeke öèüken-i irekü bögesü mön egün-eèe eregdeküi 7r

ödken

ödken

(a¯ar tal-a ödken èasun bolumui 19r

ödtör

ödtör

üile üiledbesü ödtör bütükü 45r

debel eskeküi inu nigen šin-e ödter da(usqabasu sayin 55v

ödü

ödü-tü

tas ödütü sumun 32v

ög-

ög

ükügsed-dür tüliši buu ög 26r

mal adu(usun buu ög 26r

tariyan buu ög 34r

okin buu ög 34r, 53r

1945
WORD INDEX

okin beri buu ög 58v

öri buu ög 34r

sada(-a buu ög 34v

tngri-yin noqai-yin aman-du buu ög 53r

qulu(an-a ¯iltü okin-i taulai ¯iltüdü buu ög 54v

üker ¯iltü okin-i luu ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

baras ¯iltü okin-i mo(ai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

taulai ¯iltü okin-i morin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

luu ¯iltü okin-i qonin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

mo(ai ¯iltü okin-i beèin ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

morin ¯iltü okin-i takiy-a ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

qonin ¯iltü okin-i noqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

beèin ¯iltü okin-i (aqai ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

takiy-a ¯iltü okin-i qulu(an-a ¯iltü-dü buu ög 54v

noqai ¯iltü-yi ükertü buu ög. (aqai ¯iltü-yi baras ¯iltüdü buu ög 54v

ögbe

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu narin bo(ol ma(u sedke¯ü kümün-dür (ar(a¯u

ögbe 28r

ögbesü/öggübesü

èola ögbesü 8r

takil ögbesü 8r

1946
WORD INDEX

ed mal (ada(ši ögbesü 18r, 41v

okin ögbesü 21v, 24r, 25r, 26v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 31r, 35r, 35r, 35r,

41v, 41v

okin beri ögbesü 22v, 35v

öri ögbesü 21v, 27r, 27v, 29r, 29v, 32r, 35r

buyan ¯oli( ögbesü 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r

ada(usun ögbesü 23r, 26v

ed mal ada(usun ögbesü 24v

öglige ögbesu 25r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 41r, 45r

ner-e-dür ner-e öggübesü 25v

ner-e ögbesü 26v, 30r

nir[a]i-dur ner-e ögbesü 32r

köbegün-e ner-e ögbesü 46v

ükügsen kümün-e tüliši ögbesü 26v

ükügsen kümün-dür tüliši ögbesü 29r

ükügsen-tür tüliši ögbesü 29r

tüliši ögbesü 28v, 30r, 30v

köbegün-ü ömèi ögbesü 27r

köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v

mal ögbesü 28r, 32r, 34v, 36r

temdegtü adu(usun ögbesü 30r

1947
WORD INDEX

ür-e tariyan ögbesü 30r

eremdeg-dür ada(usun ögbesü 31r

isün ¯üil tariyan (ada(ši ögbesü 31r

mal adu(usun ögbesü 31v

ögdešiküy-yin takil ögbesü 31v

morin ögbesü 31v

öri ba ed mal ögbesü 31v

tariyan [. . .] ögbesü 34r

kümün-e adu(usun ögbesü 36v

kümün-e ed mal ögbesü 36v

¯oliy-a ögbesü 41r

ed mal ögbesü 43v

ögkü

ögkü-dür

Taulai Takiy-a edür em ögkü-dür sayin 56r

okin ülü ögkü 58r

okin ögkü 60r

ögküi

öglige ögküi 45v

usun takil ögküi 45v

adu(usun ögküi üiles 46r

1948
WORD INDEX

köbegün-e ömèi ülü ögküi 53v

okin-dur in¯i ülü ögküi ma(u edür 53v

ibegel ögküi 54v

öggümüi

¯i(a¯u öggümüi 25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 30r, 31v

belbesün qatun kümün ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 22v

ögsügei

gara( ba yabuqui odun bügüde-yi ¯i(a¯u ögsügei bi kemebe 32v

ögdešiküi

ögdešiküy-yin

ögdešiküy-yin takil ögbesü 31v

ögede

ögede

ögede qandu(san jindamuni 44v

öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni

bui 20r

ögede qandu(san (adusun 39r

qariqu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r

ögede qandu(san šara sar-a

erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san šara sar-a

bui 20r

1949
WORD INDEX

ögekün

ögekün

buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü 50v

ögligèi

ögligèi

köbegün töröbesü bayan bolu(ad ögligèi nom-dur duritu boluyu 30r

öglige

öglige

öglige ög- 25r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 41r, 45r, 45v

ökin

[see under okin]

öl¯ei/öl¯i

öl¯ei/öl¯i

öl¯ei/öl¯i qutu( 50r

öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edür

öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san

jindamuni bui 20r

öl¯i qutu( oroši(ulbasu 21v, 29r

öl¯i qutu( tegüsèü ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v

öl¯i qutu(tu edür 34v

dolo(an öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 44v

1950
WORD INDEX

qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v

öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral-iyar sedkigsen bütüyü 45v

öl¯i qutu( orošiqu bolumui 48r

öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui 60v

öl¯i-dür

küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r

öl¯i-tü

öl¯i-dü bolqu 50r

öl¯eyitü

öl¯eyitü 56r

aliba-yi ila(u(èi tegüs öl¯eyitü boluyu 25v

Bus na(šidar kemebesü tegüs öl¯eyitü na(šidar bui 26v

öl¯eyitü mör 54r, 54r, 54r

mo(ai morin ¯iltü okin doron-a öl¯eyitü mör 54r

öl¯eyitü bolqu 56r, 56r

dolo(an öl¯eyitü bayan odun 59r

ölöng

ölöng

ölöng aburitu 25v

ömèi

ömèi

1951
WORD INDEX

köbegün-ü ömèi ögbesü 27r

köbegün-e ömèi ögbesü 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v

köbegün-e ömèi ülü ögküi 53v

öndegele-

öndegelemüi

salbar šiba(un öndegelemüi 18r

takiy-a kegür¯igen-e šiba(un öndegelemüi 19r

öndür

öndür

öndür bütükü üiles 45v

öndür bütügekü üiles 61r

öngge

öngge

nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge

ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge

tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

arban qoyar sarayin öngge medekü kürdün ene bui 7v

mo(ai ner-e öngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v

1952
WORD INDEX

mo(ai öngge ni(ur 8v

morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün güièimüi 12r

šilu(un ön<e>gge ¯ögelen odun 59r

öngge-ber

¯il-ün öngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ü¯ikü kürdün ene bui 52r

öngge-tü

tas ödütü sumun-dur isün ¯üil öngge-dü keb-üd-i uya¯u 32v

ede önggetü ¯il orobasu ¯iran ¯üil il(a¯u ü¯e 52r

qar-a öngge-dü Sümber a(ul-a 55r

öngge-yin

beri-yin maqabud-un öngge-yin debel emüsteküi 52r

önggere-

önggerebesü

qorin nasun-aèa önggerebesü dalan nasulayu 61v

önggereged

sar-a-u urida önggereged mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(šidar 3v

önggeregsen

önggeregsen döèin dolo(an-u on 6v

önggeregsen isün on 7r

öni

öni

1953
WORD INDEX

öni ülü oyilaqu 24v, 57v

öni ülü usadqu 34v

öni qola (a¯ar 57r

öni qutu(-aèa bièig irekü 57r

önöèin

önöèin

önöèin köbegün dumda büküi yeke (a¯ar-i bariqu na(šidar bui 27r

önöèin kümün qula(uyu 28v

(anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in odun 59r

da(ulaèi önöèin odun 59r

önör

önör

önör dörben-dü kümün[-ü] yasun (ar(abasu 24v

kümün ükübesü önör bögesü ür-e tasuraqu 42v

ör

ör

ör geyi- 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 42r, 42v

Mig na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 2r, 8r

Udaribalguni na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 9r

Jayitari na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 10r

Šuša( na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r

1954
WORD INDEX

Èista na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 12r

Burvasad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 13r

Abiji na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 14r

Burvabadaribad na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 15r

Ašivani na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 16r

Kerteg na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 17r

Margišar na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 18r

Bus na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 19r

öri

öri

öri ögbesü 21v, 27r, 27v, 29r, 29v, 32r, 35r

öri ba ed mal ögbesü 31v

öri buu ög 34r

öri abubasu 22v, 25r, 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r, 31r, 36v

örgesün

örgesün

so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün 60r

örlüge

örlüge 40r

örlüge ideši 40r

örölbi

1955
WORD INDEX

örölbi

örölbi metü 59v

örön-e

örön-e 8r, 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r,

10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13r,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14r, 14r, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r, 16r, 16v. 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 60v

örön-e umar-a 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13r, 13v, 16v, 17r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 54r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 59r

örön-e umara qandu(san (ool 24r

örön-e emün-e 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 15r, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v, 16v, 18r,

19r, 19v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v

emün-e örön-e 11v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v

örön-e emün-e ¯üg 26r

örön-e ¯üg 22v, 23r, 24v, 31r, 42r, 53v

örön-e ¯üg uduridbasu 22r

1956
WORD INDEX

örön-e ¯üg odbasu 49v, 50v

örön-e qandu(san ger 22v

örön-e doron-a 33v, 34r

örön-e odbasu 50r, 50r

örön-e-eèe

örön-e-eèe doron-a ¯üg 40r, 42r

öröšiye-

öröšiyekü 29v

ös-

ösügsen

köbegün töröbesü eèige inu üküyü. ösügsen qoyin-a (a¯ar-ta(an ülü aqu

bui 29v

öšiyer-

öšiyerkü

öšiyerkü qara edür 53r

ötege

ötege

ötege 59r

ötege-yin

šara ötege-yin 59r

ötegüü/ötegü

1957
WORD INDEX

ötegüü/ötegü

ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür ötegüü ebügen emegen buu od 27r

ötegü ükügsen-ü gerte-eèe morin qudaldubasu 31v

ötel-

ötelküi

üker ötelküi üküküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v

ötelküi-dür

köbegün töröbesü ¯ala(uu-dur ¯oba(ad öteleküi-dür ¯ir(amui 61v

ping/bing –

ping/bing

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v

ping tübšidkegèi edür 36r

pô

pô

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v

pô ebdegèi. edür 36r

bi pô edür ma(u 48v

1958
WORD INDEX

Pus

[see under Bus]

qabar

qabar

noqai-yin qabar 49v

qabar-tur

qabar-tur qar-a mör-dü bolunam 52v

qabar(-a

qabar(-a

Sümber a(ula-yi ¯öbšiyerküy-e ¯egün qabar(-a kebte¯ü bara(un

qabar(-a-bar ergimüi 55r

qabar(-a-bar

Sümber a(ula-yi ¯öbšiyerküy-e ¯egün qabar(-a kebte¯ü bara(un

qabar(-a-bar ergimüi 55r

qabèi(ai

qabèi(ai

qabèi(ai ¯asabasu 46v

qabtasun

qabtasun-dur

dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur beèi¯ü 24r

qabur

1959
WORD INDEX

qabur

qabur namarun a(ur 6r

qabur namurun qu(us 59r

qabur-un

qaburun terigün sara 2r, 2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r, 41r

qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r

qaburun ekin Baras sar-a

Lii-du ting sang neretü sudur-dur Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin

Baras sar-a bol(a¯u 2v

qaburun ekin 7r

qaburun terigün Baras sara 2v, 3r

qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r, 41r

qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 3r, 10r

qaburun eèüs sara 9r, 10r, 41r, 56v

qaburun eèüs Šuša( sara 11r

qaburun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r

qad

qad

luus-un qad

luus-un qad èi(ul'qu edürün belge köke na(ur bui 20r

luus-un qad adalamui 26v

1960
WORD INDEX

luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i ¯asabasu 30r

luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r

qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v

qad-i

(a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v

qad-iyar

naiman luus-ud qad-iyar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

qad-un

luus-un qad-un

arban tabun-a luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r

Saran odun kemebesü door-a luus-un qad-un gara( büküi 22r

luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü 22r

luus-un qad-un ebedèin kürteyü 34v

(a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v

luus-un qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r

luus-un qad-un qariqui edür 39v

tabun kümün qad-un èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 22r

qada(n)

qada

qada (a¯ar-<y>i nuqubasu 23v

qada èila(un-aèa modun (ar(an èidamu 32v

1961
WORD INDEX

qada-tu

qadatu (a¯ar-tur taribasu 35v

qadan-dur

takir no(èi kümün-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(èi 33v

qadan-dur ger baribasu 35v

qada(

qada(

èa(an qada( 50v

qada(ur

[see under qadu(ur]

qadam

qadam

qadam eèige/eke

ede sarada qadam eèige eke-de ma(u 51r

qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u 52v

qadqu-

qadqu

Qubi sarayindolo(an šinide Baras ¯ilün qarši beèin ¯ügqadqu 50v

tere sarayin qarši ¯üg qadqu 50v

qadqu(ad

tu(-un išin-du uya¯u qadqu(ad 50v

1962
WORD INDEX

qadququi

(adasun qadququi 38v

qadquldu-

[see also under (adquldu-]

qadquldu(ad

toyin bolbasu ša(šabad-iyan alda(ad nököd ülü ¯okildun qadquldu(ad

šabinar üge-dür duralayu 27r

qadu-

qadumui

qamu( tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r

qadu(ur/qada(ur

qadu(ur/qada(ur

ebdegèi edürün belge inu qada(ur bui 20v

ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v

belge inu qara qada(ur 43v

¯ir(u(an qadu(ur odun 32v

¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun 33v

¯ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu 34r

èisun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v

(ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r

1963
WORD INDEX

qa(a-

qa(a(èi 35v

bi qa(a(èi edür 37r

qa(aèa-/qa(aèi-

qa(aèi(san

nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san-i uqa(sad bodgalis-dur to(alaqui 1v

qa(aèamui

beri buu ba(ul(-a. ba(ul<a>(abasu qa(aèamui 34v

qa(aèin

¯obalang-aèa ülü qa(aèin 47v

qa(aèaqu

beri ba(ul(abasu ükükü qa(aèaqu bolqu 40r

ür-e sadun qa(aèiqu 46v

gerün e¯in qa(acaqu 47v

qa(aèiqu beri 52r, 52r

qa(aèiqu . . . ma(u bui 53r

qa(aèaqu ¯obalang bolqu 56r

qa(aèi(ul-

qa(aèi(ulqui

ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui olgiqui üiles 46r

qa(aèiltu

1964
WORD INDEX

qa(aèiltu dörben edür anu 59r

qa(al-

qa(albasu

¯ar(u qa(albasu 19r, 25v, 29v

yal-a yangqa qa(albasu 23v

qa(al(-a

šin-e qa(al(-a baribasu 22r

qa(al(-a ba usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r

odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r

qa(al(-a ¯igübesü 43v, 46v, 48r

qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egüüde anu sayin 60r

qa(an

qa(an

qa(an . . . asa(urun 32v, 33r, 33r, 33r

qa(an teden alimad bui kemen asa(ubasu 33v

qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v

qa(an sonosu(ad 32v

qa(an narin-a ü¯e¯ü gün-e ono¯u medegdeküi 34r

tngri-yin vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai 39v

(a¯arun e¯in qa(an 39v

1965
WORD INDEX

qa(an ba(ura¯u 42v

qa(an-a

qa(an-a (tatal(-a) bièig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v

qa(an-lu(-a

JaŸarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saèa(uu 26v

qa(an-i

nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi 34r

qa(an-u

yaa(š-a-un qa(an-u gara( 22v

kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara( 23v

okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun 32v

qa(ara-

qa(arayu

emegel qa(arayu 35r

qa(dala-

qa(dalamui

usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u qa(dalamui 17r

qa(uèin

qa(uèin

qa(uèin nabèi una(ad 3r

1966
WORD INDEX

önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sara 7r

qa(uèin debel 34v

qa(uèin ong(oèa 35v

qa(uèin bara(an 36r

qa(uèin ger 36r, 36v

qa(uèin üküger-ün yasun 36v

qa(uèin kiged üd[e]ši-yin èa( 56v

qa(uèin-dur

qa(uèin-dur tasuraqu 3v

odun na(šidar sayin bögesü qa(uèin-dur èu sayin 37v

qa(uèin-dur üiledbesü 37v

qa(uèin-dur abu(daqu 56v

qa(urai

èidamu qa(urai (a¯ar 32v

qa¯a-

qa¯abasu/qa¯ibasu

qulu(an-a qa¯abasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r

debel tülebesü [qulu(an-a] qa¯ibasu 58r, 58r

qa¯ayu

qulu(an-a qa¯ayu 34r

qa¯aqu

1967
WORD INDEX

qulu(an-a qa¯[a]qu 56r

qala(un

qala(un

(a¯ar-dur qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad lungru neretü èièig delgeremüi 13r

üker-ün bey-e qala(un bol¯u ebesün èiddlan idemüi 19r

qala(un-u

qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad küiten-ü a(ur oromui 17r

qal¯an/qal¯un

qal¯an

¯egerde qal¯an morin 4v

qong(or qal¯an morin 25r

qal¯un 52v

qalqala-

[see also under (alqala-]

qalqalaqu

qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai 59v

qalqala(èi

qalqala(èi

tabun qalqala(èi ede kemebesü. qong keriy-e-ü [=yin] soddu. yasutu

menekei-yin kürmeli. so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün. orong(u-yin eber. bodong

(aqay-yin soyo(-a. ede tabun bui 60r

1968
WORD INDEX

qaltar

qaltar 52v

qami(-a 32v, 40r, 41r

qami(-a sa(uqui 2v

qamtud-

qaumtudbasu

šin-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r

qamtudqui

taban gara( kiged qamtudquy-yin ¯ir(u(an qubi-dur šitü¯ü 2r

Qamtudquy-yin ger 12r

qamtudu(san

saran-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an 38r

sara-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r

saran-lu(-a edür qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin

¯arudasun baling do(šin 39v

edür-lu(-a odun qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi 44r

edür-lu(-a qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküy-yin uèaral 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral 45r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui 45r

1969
WORD INDEX

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür 45r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u

uèiral 45r

odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-yi il(a¯u bièisügei 46r

na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al 46v

¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi 48r

qamu( 9r, 10r, 12r, 12r, 15r, 15r, 17r, 38r, 38r, 42v, 47v, 55r, 60v

qamu( nom-ud 1v

qamu(-i ügeyiregülügèi qara šimu kememü 42v

qamu(-dur ma(u 50r, 50r

qan

qan

qan oron-a sa(ubasu 21v, 25v, 34v, 41v, 61r

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür 37r

qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v

üküger-ün qan

üküger-ün qan ada adalamui 26r

görögesün-ü qan

(urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan metü bui 29v

qan kümün-i ür-e alda(ula(èi [odun] ali bui 33r

qan kümün-i ür-e-yi alda(ulu(èi Margišar buyu 33v

1970
WORD INDEX

qan kümün üiles bütükü 45v

qan kümün-eèe èola abubasu 47v

qan kümün törö¯ü ükükü odun 59r

Altan odun x qan noyan bolqu 46v

dada qan

dada qan kemekü edür

dada qan kemekü edür mör (arbasu ma(u 49v

qan-dur

qan-dur maši sayin 52v

qan-u

görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün metü bui 30r

qandu-

qandu(san

ögede qandu(san jindamuni 44v

öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge ögede qandu(san jindamuni

bui 20r

doro(ši qandu(san (adusun 39r

naiman ayima(-un èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san

(adusun bui 20r

ögede qandu(san (adusun 39r

qariqu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r

1971
WORD INDEX

doro(ši qandu(san erdini

ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui 20r

doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 45r

šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r

ögede qandu(san šara sar-a

erketen èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ögede qandu(san šara sar-a

bui 20r

doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a

qariqui edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r

doro(ši qandu(san qara sara

tngri-yin noqai ideši erikü edürün belge doro(ši qandu(san qara

sara bui 20v

degegši qandu(san erdeni 44v

doro(ši qandu(san jindamuni 45r

örön-e qandu(san gerte abèu odba 22v

ger-ün egüüde umara ¯üg qandu(san modun-u door-a ni(u¯u amu 23v

örön-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur šara široi-du (a¯ar-a ni(u¯u amu 24r

doron-a ¯üg qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur ¯i(abasu 24v

qandun

beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu ¯üg 53v

qulu(an-a üker (aqai ¯iltü okin-i ni(ur umara ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu

1972
WORD INDEX

sayin 53v

baras taulai luu okin-i ni(ur doron-a ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v

beèin takiy-a noqai ¯iltü okin-i ni(ur örön-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu

sayin 53v

mo(ai morin qonin ¯iltü okin-i ni(ur emün-e ¯üg qandun ba(ubasu

sayin 53v

qandu(ul-

qandu(ulbasu

tere ¯üg qandu(ulbasu qamu( ma(u üiles ¯ayilaqu buyu 42v

qangin

qangin-u

biqar qangin-u

biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai 26r

qangla(ur

[see (angna(ur]

qangpan

qangpan

qangpan qongpan 53r

qara/qar-a

qara 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 45r

qara Kitad

1973
WORD INDEX

qara Kitad-un oron 2r

qara Kitad-un to(-a 2r

qara Kitad-un to(aèin 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r

qara kümün 5r, 5r

qara morin (unu-) 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v

qara ya(um-a 5r

qara sa üsüg 20r

qara nara bui 20r

qara èindamuni 20r, 45r

qara jva üsüg 20r

qara jii üsüg 20v

qara dusul 20v, 20v, 41v

(urban qara dusul 20v, 46v

qoyar qara dusul 43r

öèüken qara edürün belge 20v

yeke qara edür 20v, 41v, 41v

(urbal¯in qara 20v

solbi(san qara ¯iruqai 20v, 20v, 44v

dörbel¯in qara debisker 20v, 44v

doro(ši qandu(san qara sara 20v

qara ging üsüg 20v

1974
WORD INDEX

qara kegeri bariju 22r

qara kiiri bari¯u 23r

qara èimeg-iyer èime¯ü 22r

èa(an segeretü qara noqai 22r

qara keb 24v

qara modun 24v

qar-a to(o(an 26v

qara debel 34v, 35r

(a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai 39v

qara orong(-a bari¯u 39v

qara mo(ai 41r

arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r

qara saras 41r, 41r

ügeyiregülügèi qara edür 41v

èa(-un qara 42r

qara šingpüng

qara šingpüng-ün yabudal 42r

qara šingpüng güiküi 42r

qara šingpüng-yin [=šingpüng-ün] belge inu qara ji üsüg bui 42v

qara šimu 42v

tere ideši ereküi èa(tur èa(an üile qara bolumui 42v

1975
WORD INDEX

ebdegèi qara qada(ur bari(èi (a¯ar-un e¯in güiküi edür 43v

qara qada(ur 43v

qara yasutu meneki 49r

qara sarayin ¯asal 50v

buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v

qar-a mör 52v

öšiyerkü qara edür 53r

tngri-yin qara noqai 55r

qar-a öngge-dü 55r

üküger qara ¯arudasun odun 59r

qara-dur

qara-dur bolbasu 51v

qara-nu(ud

qara-nu(ud-i

debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r

qara-yi

¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r

qara-

qara

qoyin-a-aèa buu qara 54r

qaraèu

1976
WORD INDEX

qaraèu

qa(an ba(ura¯u qaraèu bolumui 42v

qaram

qaram

qaram sedkil 27v

qaram yeke 31r

qarbu-

qarbu(san

mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi 5r

qarèa(ai

qarèa(ai

qarèa(ai šiba(un

qarèa(ai šiba(un taulai bari¯u tngri takiqu sar-a 15r

(a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai 39v

qargis

qargis

qargis qari(ulbasu 30v

qari-

qaribasu

ger-tür-iyen qaribasu 36r

qari¯u

1977
WORD INDEX

¯i(ulèin yabubasu qari¯u ülü irekü 41r

qarimui 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v

¯a(ur-a kökege<g> šiba(un emüneši qarimui 14r

¯a(ur-a anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r

qubi sarayin arban dolo(an arban isün-e nara šinggeküi-dür qarimui 39r

qariqu

qariqu edürün belge 20r

qariqu ügei 38v

(uyirinèi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edür 43v

qola (arbasu gertegen ülü qariqu 48r

qariqui

èi(ulqui qariqui 2v

naiman ayima( terigüten-ü èi(ulqui qariqui 2v

qariqui edürün beleg 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 38r

(uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge 20v

naiman ayima(-un-ud qariqui 39r

luus-un qad-un qariqui edür 39v

qari(u

qari(u

okin qari(uu/qari(u ügüler-ün 32v, 32v, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v

qari(ul-

1978
WORD INDEX

qari(ulbasu

qariyal qari(ulbasu 22v, 25r, 26v

dayisun-u qariyal qari(ulbasu 27v

(adasun qari(ulbasu 23v

busud-i qari(ulbasu 23v

qargis qari(ulbasu 30v

qari(ulqu

qari(ulqu-yin

qari(ulqu-yin üile üiledbesü 35v

qari(ulun

dayisun-i qari(ulun èidamu 32v

qari(ula-

qari(ulaqu 42v

qari(ulul

qari(ulul

¯oli( qari(ulul buu üiled 34v

qarinèu

qarinèu

¯obalang-aèa ülü qa(aèin qarinèu ülü irekü 47v

qariya-

qariyaqu

1979
WORD INDEX

kümün-i ülü qariyaqu 57v

qariyal

qariyal

qariyal qari(ulbasu 22v, 25r, 26v

qariyal ki- 31v, 41v, 42r, 42v, 46r

qariyal ügegüy-e bütümüi 39r

qarši

qarši 50v

qarši ¯il

sabanügey-eèe bolbasu qarši ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r

ordo qarši

ordo qarši ¯asabasu 21v

(ai qarši 47v

Baras ¯ilün qarši beèin ¯üg qadqu 50v

borbin-dur okin-da(an qarši 52v

üsün kir(abasu nidün-dür qarši 57v

qarši-yi

qarši-yi nomo(odqabasu 28r

qas

qas

qas debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r

1980
WORD INDEX

Qasta

Qasta 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 46v, 53r,

59r, 59v

Qasta na(šidar

Qasta na(šidar kemebesü qurdun yabu(èi na(šidar kemeyü 28r

ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un ¯erge-düroro(ulu(èi Qasta buyu 33v

Vim-a neretü qatun Qasta buyu 34r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. Naran

odun Qasta qoyar 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u

uèaral bolumui. Naran odun Qasta qoyar 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. Široi

odun Qasta qoyar 45r

Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qasta<n> Jayitar[i] Suvadai eden

(al bui 61r

mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 48v

èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 48v

debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 55v

em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 56r

1981
WORD INDEX

Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig

abqui sayin 56v

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-ün odun bui 60v

naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü [. . .] Qasta Jayitar qoyar [. . .] 60v

Bus Qastan Abaji Ašivani eden dörben odun dörben kürdün obo(-tan

buyu 61r

qaškir-

qaškirèu

qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu dolo(anta qa[š]k[i]rèu usun

saèu(ad (adquldubasu dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 22r

qaskirqu

ula(an ¯ögebüri qaskarqu [=qaskirqu] kemeyü 27v

qaškirqui

qaškirqui èögebüri odun 59r

qaškiru(ad

èa(an keg[i]ri bari¯u qa[š]kiru(ad 23v

qata(uu

qata(uu

numun qata(uu küèütü bolumui 18r

tere maši qata(uu do(šin-u tulada. ¯ayila(daqui 43r

aliba do(šin qata(uu üiles 45r

1982
WORD INDEX

Ardar Burvabalguni Èista Mul eden dörben odun qata(uu do(šin

obo(-tan buyu 61v

köbegün töröbesü qata(uu do(šin aburitu qorin nasun-aèa

önggerebesü dalan nasulayu 61v

qatud

qatud-un

qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r

qatun

qatun

belbesün qatun kümün ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 22v

qatun kümün-i asarabasu 23r

bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun buyu 32v

Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v

Vim-a neretü qatun Qasta buyu 34r

qaya-

qayabasu

debel qayabasu 58r

qayinu(

qayinu(

qayinu( qudaldubasu 32r

qayinu(-tur

1983
WORD INDEX

qayinu(-dur unu¯u 24r

qoèora-

qoèora(san

ene edüd-dür yasun (ar(abasu ergin qoèora(san qoyitu ür-e

(uyiranèi bolumui 47v

qoèoraqu

köser-e qoèorqu

¯ir(u(an-a köser-e qoèoraqu 55v

arban isün-e köser-e qoèorqu 56r

qo(olai

qo(olai

ra(èis-un qo(olai

Burvabalguni na(šidar kemebesü ra(èis-un qo(olai metü

na(šidar kemeyü 27v

naiman šin-e arban ¯ir(u(an qorin dörben tngri-yin qo(olai ma(u 49v

qo(olai-dur

šimnus-un qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui 27v

matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dür adali ma(u 39r

qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u 52v

qo(osun

qo(osun

1984
WORD INDEX

qo(osun qumq-a 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

qo(osun qumq-a örön-e bui 8r

qo(osun qumq-a anu Baras sara örön-e Taulai qoyin-a. Luu

¯egünde. Mo(ai emün-e. Morin örön-e. Qoni qoyin-a. Beèin

¯egü[n]de. Takiy-a emün-e. Noqai örön-e 'aqai qoyin-a.

Qulu(an-a ¯egünde. Üker sara emün-e ¯üg amui 58v

qo(osun edür

qo(osun edürün belge (urban qara dusul bui20v

(uyila(èi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v

(uyirinèi-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edür 43v

qo(osun (ool 24v

qo(osun bal(asun 24v

tariyan buu ög. ögbesü sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r

sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 Üker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu

7 Noqai 8 Qoni9 Luu 10 Üker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni 40r

ger-ün qo(osun anu. nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras.

5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai. 8 mori. 9 Üker 10 Beèin. 11 Taulai

12 Noqai 48v

(ar qo(osun 49v

qo(osun irekü 49v, 50v, 50v

¯ilün qo(osun anu. Nigen sarayin Qulu(an-a Qoyar sarayin Üker

1985
WORD INDEX

'urban Baras Dörben Taulai Tabun Luu ®ir(u(an Mo(ai Dolo(an Mori.

Naiman Qoni. Isün Beèin. Arban Takiy-a Arban nigen Noqai Arban qoyar

sarayin 'aqai edür bolai 60r

qola

qola

qola ¯i(ulèilabasu 25r

qola ba oyir-a odbasu 31r

qola (a¯ar

qola (a¯ar-a qudaldu odbasu 36r

qola (a¯ar-a odqui 47v

qola (a¯ar-a mör (arbasu 47v

öni qola (a¯ar-a öni qutu(-aèa beèig irekü 57r

qola (a¯arèa ¯oèid irekü 57r

qola (a¯ar ¯oriqu 58r

qola busu (a¯ar-a odqu 61v

qola (arbasu 47v

mo(ai edür qola mör ülü (arqu 57v

qola-aèa

qola-aèa qudalduèin irekü 57r

qola-yin

qola-yin ¯oèid irekü 57v

1986
WORD INDEX

qolba-

qolbaqu

er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü 54v

qolidqa-

qolidqabasu

tegüni qolidqabasu (urban ¯il-dür nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3r

qolidqa¯u

tegün-eèe qolidqa¯u üligsen-i saban sara bolumui 5r

qong

qong

qong keriy-e egür-iyen ¯asamui 8r, 19r

qong keriy-e ugiyaqui èisun oromui 9r

qong keriy-e-ü [=yin] soddu 60r

qong(or

qong(or 52v

qong(or morin 4v

qong(ur morin unu- 24v, 24v

qong(or qal¯an morin qudaldubasu 25r

qongpan

qongpan

Qangpan-qongpan 53r

1987
WORD INDEX

qoni(n)

qoni(n) 59r

qonin ada(ula(san 4v

šin qonin sara 7v

küi qonin sara 7v

ii qonin sara 7v

ding qonin sara 7v

gii qonin sara 7v

šin qonin èa( 7v

küi qonin èa( 7v

ii qonin èa( 7v

ding qonin èa( 7v

gi qonin èa( 7v

qonin kürteküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v

Qonin èa( 10r, 50r, 51r

Qoni(n) (edür) 10r, 11r, 11r, 14r, 16r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 40r, 40r,

40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r,

53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v

Qonin sara 13r, 13r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

1988
WORD INDEX

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

qonin èaddu(ad tar(u güièi¯u 13r

qonin (a¯ar-a 15r

Qonin ¯il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v,

54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v

qoni(n) ¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v

qonin abasu 27r

qoni yama(-a sürüglebesü 31v

nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

nigen qonin-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Asli( buyu 33v

èa(an qonin šigüsü-ber takibaèu ülü oyišiyamu keme¯üküi 60v

qonin-u

Qonin-u ger

nara Qonin-u gertür oro(san 10r

qonièin

qonièin-i

qonièin-i eribesü 35r

qono(

qono(

qono( tasura- 3r, 3r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v

¯ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu inu 3r

1989
WORD INDEX

¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r

¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono(ügei bui 3r

tegüber ¯ir(u(an qono( tasuramui 3r

nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r

qaburun terigün Baras sar-a-dur (uèin qono( bui 3r

Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3r

Luu sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

Morin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

Qonin sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3v

Beèin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

Noqai sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal 3v

qono( tasura(san ¯ir(u(an sar-a-yi šin-e-dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu

qa(uèin-dur tasuraqu 3v

edür qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v

umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( tasuraqui 3v

ilede qono( tasuraqu busu 3v

nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v

(uèin qubi nigen qono( 5r

(uèin qono( nigen sar-a 5r

1990
WORD INDEX

¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v

(uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v

ebülün dumdadu sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-aèa ekilen to(ala¯u ¯ir(u(an

sar-a büged ¯ir(u(an qono( bolbasu nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe

umar-a ¯üg urba¯u 5v

qono(-i

nigen qono(-i ¯a(un möèi bol(an 6r

qono(-tu

isün qono(-tu oldayu 23r

¯a(u qono(-du tüimer šitaqu 60r

¯a(u qono(-du ükükü 60r

qono(-tur

¯arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r

qono(-un

qono(-un (urban ¯üil 2r

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v

qošiyad qošiyad qono(-un odun na(šidar-<y>i to(alaqu ügei 3v

qoor(-a)

qoor

qoor qomsa

qoor qomsa bol- 34r

1991
WORD INDEX

keregür ba qoor qomsa bolqu 25v

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu 57r

ger dotor-a qoor qomsa bolqu 57v

qoor qorom¯i

qoor qorom¯i bolqu 41r

adu(usun-dur qoor qorom¯i yeke boluyu 38r

qoor ada

qoor ada bolqu 56r

qoor-a

qoor-a neyilegülbesü 41v

qoor neyilegülküi üiles 46r

qoor-a-dur

qooridur [=qooradur] ükügsen kümün[-ü] köbegün qula(a¯u amu 24v

qooratu

qooritu [=qooratu] üiles 16r

qoqui

qoqui

köbegün töröbesü eneleküi ¯obalang-iyar qoqui kemen ¯oba¯u yabumui 47v

qorin

qorin 40v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 53r

1992
WORD INDEX

qorin nasun 61v

qorin nigen 8v, 9r, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43v, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r

qorin qoyar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v,

38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r,

53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 58v

qorin (urban 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

40v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r

qorin dörben 8r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 55v, 56r

qorin dörben a(ur èa(

tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür-dü uridu üligsen ¯ir(u(an

edür-<y>i nigedbesü nigen saban sara bolumui 6v

qorin dörben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un

sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r

edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi. söni qorin dörben qubi 13r

edür qorin dörben qubi. söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r

qorin tabun 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19r, 19v,

37r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47v,

1993
WORD INDEX

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 54r, 55v, 56r

qorin ¯ir(u(an 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v,

18v, 19v, 37r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 56r

edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r

edür (uèin dörben qubi. söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r

qorin dolo(an 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18r, 18v,

19v, 39r, 39v, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 56r

qorin naiman 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r

edür qorin naiman qubi söni (uèin qoyar qubi 9r, 17r

edür (uèin qoyar qubi. söni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r

qorin naiman na(šidar 21r, 24v, 60v, 61r

qorin naiman odun 32v

qorin naiman nasun 61v

qorin isün 8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12r, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 37v, 38v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r, 58v

¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono(ügei bui 3r

1994
WORD INDEX

Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei-yin tula-da qorin isün bitegüü

bolumui 3r

dolo(an ¯a(un qorin

nigen ¯il-dür (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bui. dolo(an ¯a(un qorin

èa( bui 32v

qorin-a 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 41v,

43r, 43r, 43r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 56r

qoriy-a/qoriyan

qoriy-a/qoriyan

qoriyan bosqabasu 42v

qoriy-a baribasu 42v, 48r

qoriyan-dur

tngri-yin qoriyan-dur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r

qoro-

qoroqu

qoriy-a baribasu mal inu qoroqu 48r

qorom¯i

qorom¯i

qoor qorom¯i 41r

Naran 'al Široi ed[e]n-dür adu(usun-dur qoor qorom¯i yeke

boluyu 38r

1995
WORD INDEX

Nara odun-dur ed mal qorom¯i bolqu 56r

qoroqai

qoroqai

(al-tu qoroqai

üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r

qoršiyala-

qoršiyalamui

ularu šiba(un qoršiyalamui 15r

qoši(u(n)

qoši(u

¯ir(u(an odun düri inu qoši(u metü bui 27v

qoši(un

noqai qoši(un ma(u 49v

qoši(utu

(aqai qoši(utu 55r

qošiyad

qošiyad

qošiyad qošiyad

nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a ¯üg odqui-dur nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu

tende qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r

tegüni qošiyad qošiyad qono(-un odun na(šidar-<y>i to(alaqu

1996
WORD INDEX

ügey-yin tulada. qono( tasuramui kememüi 3v

qošiyala-

qošiyalamui

modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad

qošiyalamui 9r

eliy-e šiba(un qošiyalamui 9r

öèüken ¯i(asun qošiyalamui 11r

noqai quraèi¯u [=qurièa¯u] qošiyalamui 16r

¯egeren taki qošiyalamui 18r

qošiyalan

èarèa(-a qošiyalan dong(oddumui 14r

qota(n)

qota

qota ¯asabasu 22v, 23v, 24r, 29r

šin-e ger ba qota ¯asabasu 25r

ger bayišing qota ¯asabasu 28r

qota deledbesü 32r

qota bal(asun èimebesü 34v

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür 37r

qota baribasu 41r, 42r, 42v

qota bal(asun bari- 41v, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 45v, 61r

1997
WORD INDEX

qota yender baribasu 42v

qotan

dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i quriyaqui 61v

qotan-u

doron-a ¯üg qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur ¯i(abasu 24v

qoya(ula

qoya(ula

bombo aq-a degüü qoya(ula ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 26r

qoyar

qoyar 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 26v, 37v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v,

44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v,

45v, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 55v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 61r,

61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61v

qoyar yaba(an üker 4v

qoyar ¯üil 5r

qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v

qoyar qubi 5v

qoyar deb 6r, 6r

nigen edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu 2r

qoyar sara 6r, 9r, 9r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v,

1998
WORD INDEX

44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür 6v

qoyitu qoyar ¯il 7r

qoyar šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r,

39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v

šinein qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 39r, 53r, 56v

qoyar qara dusul 20v, 43r

qoyar kümün 23r, 26r, 41r

aqa degüü qoyar (kümün) 25v, 26r, 30r

qoyar ger 23r

qoyarba dörben ba ba(ura(san bandi bombo qoyar-un nigen köbegün 24v

qoyar ¯aya(an 27r

qoyar odun 32v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v

qoyar odun-u düri inu qulu(an-a metü bui 27v

qoyar odun-u düri inu ildün metü bui 28r

qoyar odun-u düri inu ürgül¯i seèig metü bui 31r

qoyar odun-u düri inu tergen metü bui 31v

qoyar odun-u düri inu ¯ele-yin (adasun metü bui 31v

degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a neretü qoyar odun

bui 32v

Mahašuvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud

1999
WORD INDEX

terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü 38r

qoyar široi uèirabasu 45v

qoyar usu uèarabasu 45v

qoyar (al uèarabasu 45v

qoyar kei uèarabasu 45v

usu široi qoyar uèarabasu 46r

(al kei qoyar uèarabasu 46r

široi kei qoyar uèarabasu 46r

usu kei qoyar uèarabasu 46r

(al široi qoyar uèarabasu 46r

usu (al qoyar uèarabasu 46r

qoyar sayiqan köbegün törömüi 52v

qoyar qulu(an-a ¯iltü er-e em-e bolbasu 54v

qoyar üker ¯iltü uru( èuqa( bayan sayin 54v

qoyar baras ¯iltü uru( cögen bayan sayin 54v

qoyar taulai ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v

qoyar luu ¯iltü uru( èögen ügegüü bui 54v

qoyar mo(ai ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v

qoyar morin ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v

qoyar qonin ¯iltü uru( olan bayan sayin 54v

qoyar beèin ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan sayin 54v

2000
WORD INDEX

qoyar takiy-a ¯iltü köbegün uru( èuqa( bolu(ad keregürèi ma(u 54v

qoyar noqai ¯iltü köbegün èögen keregürèi ma(u 54v

qoyar (aqai ¯iltü köbegün olan bayan sayin bui 54v

arban qoyar 2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 3r, 5r, 5v, 6r, 6v, 7v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 32v, 34r, 35v, 37v, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39v,

39v, 40v, 41r, 41v, 44v, 46v, 47r, 48r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r,

50v, 50v, 53r, 60r, 60v

qorin qoyar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r,

39v, 40v, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 58v

(uèin qoyar 9r, 11r, 15r, 17r, 31v, 32v, 59v

qoyar-a

arban qoyar-a 43r, 44r, 56r

qorin qoyar-a 38v, 38v, 39v, 44v, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r

qoyar-aèa

arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e erlig-üd-iyer

küriyelegül¯ü 38v

tngri-yin Vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü

qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün 39v

qoyar-i

qono( tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-<y>i medekü kereg 3r

edür söni qoyar-<y>i ulam ne¯iged ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü 5v

2001
WORD INDEX

qoyar-tu

qoyar-du aliba üiles ülü üiledkü 24v

Mul Abiji qoyar-du ¯arli( nom medekü bolumui 37v

terigün gedesün qoyar-tu beri ab 55v

qoyar-un

amidu ba ükügsen qoyar-un üile-dür sayin 29v

¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v

qoyin-a

qoyin-a 32r, 34r, 40r, 61r, 61r

egün-eèe qoyin-a 6r, 6v

saban sarayin qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v

ösügsen qoyin-a 30r

qoyin-a (arqu 31v

nara ur(u(san qoyin-a 42r

ör geyigsen qoyin-a 42v

taulai qoyin-a 58v

qoni qoyin-a 58v

(aqai qoyin-a 58v

qoyin-a-aèa

qoyin-a-aèa buu qara 54r

qoyitu

2002
WORD INDEX

qoyitu

¯arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r

qoyitu dörben möèi mana(ar-un edür-dü (ada(adu bui 6v

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür 6v

uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v

qoyitu arban tabun 6v

qoyitu on 7r, 17r

qoyitu qoyar ¯il 7r

qoyitu ür-e (uyiranèi bolumui 47v

qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e 47v

qubaqai

qubaqai

tariyan modun taribasu qubaqai bolqu 47v

qubèad

qubèad

qubèad köke-ber èime¯ü 23v

qubèad èimeg-iyen èa(an-iyar èimejü 23v

qubèasun

qubèasun

debel qubèasun eskeküi edür 55v

qubi

2003
WORD INDEX

qubi

Qubi sara 7r, 8r, 8r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r,

43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50v

qaburun terigün Baras sara-yi Qubi sara bol(a¯u 2v

edür söni-yin èa( möèi-yin qubi 2v

(uèin möèi nigen qubi 5r

(uèin qubi nigen qono( 5r

qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v

qubi to(alaqui 5v

¯iran möèi nigen qubi 5v

qoyar qubi nigen tedüiken 5v

¯iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v

edür arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v

söni arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v

edür söni-yin a(ur inu ¯ir(u(an tedüiken qubi bolumui 5v

urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu möèi-ber qubiya¯u qubi bol(an 5v

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r

ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder (arumui 6r

ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder neme¯ü 6r

¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür kürbesü nigen ¯il bolumui 6r

nigen èa(tur naiman möèe dörben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r

2004
WORD INDEX

arban qubi bolbasu nigen möèi bui 6r

arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui 6r

edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 8r, 18r

söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r

edür qorin naiman qubi 9r

söni (uèin qoyar qubi 9r

edür söni qubi saèu(u bolumui 10r

edür (uèin qoyar qubi 11r

söni qorin naiman qubi 11r

edür (uèin dörben qubi 12r

söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r

edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 13r

söni qorin dörben qubi 13r

edür (uèin dörben qubi 14r

söni qorin ¯ir(u(an 14r

edür (uèin qoyar qubi 15r

söni qorin naiman qubi 15r

edür söni qubi saèu(uu 16r

edür qorin naiman qubi 17r

söni (uèin qoyar qubi 17r

edür qorin dörben qubi 19r

2005
WORD INDEX

söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r

qubi-dur

qamtudquy-yin ¯ir(u(an qubi-dur šitü¯ü 2r

nigen qubi-dur nigen dusul 5v

qubi-tu

dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i iledte medeküi inu 5v

nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin

(a¯ar-a bayi(ulju 6r

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r

šaji edür düli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder-ügei bolumui 6r

dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i medegdeküi tegüsbe 6r

qubil(an

qubil(an

amitan-u itegel burqan-u qubil(an Manjušari bodisü[n]g 26

yeke riddi qubil(an ü¯egülügsen buyan-tu sara bolai 8r

qubil(an-u

baling do(šin inu gara(-un qubil(an-u tulada 39v

qubira-

qubiraqui

küiten següder una¯u ebesün qubaraqui èa(16r

qubiya-

2006
WORD INDEX

qubiya¯u

urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu möèi-ber qubiya¯u qubi bol(an 5v

nigen edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu. egüni arban qoyar èa(tur

qubiya¯u amui 6r

quèa

quèa

a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa talbibasu 35r

quda/qudda

quda

quda anda bol- 10r, 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v, 56r, 61v

quda anda bolulèibasu 29r, 32r

qudda anda bolulèibasu 28r, 28r, 31r

quda anda eribesü 31r

qudal

qudal

qudal ülü ügülekü 61r

qudalèi

qudalèi

köbegün töröbesü qudalèi umarta[m]ta(ai ma(u a(ali-tu boluyu 61v

qudaldu

qudaldu

2007
WORD INDEX

qudaldu ki- 9r, 14r, 22r, 24r, 25r, 27r, 29v, 34r, 34r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 37r,

37r, 45v, 61v

qudaldu aril¯a kibesü 35v

qudaldu odbasu 15r

qola (a¯ar-a qudaldu odbasu 36r

qudaldu-

qudaldubasu 10r, 17r, 26v, 28r, 31v

¯arudasun qudaldubasu 24v, 30r

morin qudaldubasu 25r, 31r, 31r, 31v

qong(or qal¯an morin qudaldubasu 25r

bo(ol qudaldubasu 25r, 25v, 26r, 28v

mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v

mal qudaldubasu 29v

altan mönggü qudaldubasu 26r

qayinu( qudaldubasu 32r

qudaldu¯u

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu doron-a ¯üg-ün kümün qula(uyu belbesün em-e-dür

qudaldu¯u amu 25v

qudalduqui

tariyalang-un (a¯ar qudalduqui 45v

adu(usun qudalduqui 61v

2008
WORD INDEX

qudaldulèi-

qudaldulèibasu 31r

qudalduèin

qudalduèin

qola-aèa qudalduèin irekü 57r

qudalduèin-a

èai qudalduèin-a ma(u bui 30r

qudalduèin-dur

qudalduèin-dur odbasu 41r

qudalduèin-lu(-a

qudalduèin-lu(-a ¯ol(aqu 5r

quddu(

quddu(

quddu( nüke butegen bulabasu 36r

quddu( nüke bulabasu 37r

quddu( malta-

Taulai edür quddug ülü maltaqu 57r

quddu(-tur

quddu(-tur orobasu 37r

qu(us

qu(us

2009
WORD INDEX

qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai. aliba sayin üiles-i

èigerle.59r

qula

qula 52v

qula(ai

qula(ai

degerem qula(ai yabubasu 34r

buliyan qula(ai getebesü 36v

qula(ai kibesü yal-a-dur oroqu 41r

degirm-e [=degerm-e] qula(ai odqui 46r

qula(ai oromui 47v

¯a(ur-a qula(ai uèiraqu 50r

qula(ai-du

qula(ai-du uèaraqu 50r

qula(ai-tu abtaqu 56r

qula(ai-dur

tngri-yin qula(ai-tur mör (arbasu ma(u 49r

degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui 61v

qula(ai-lu(-a

qola (a¯ar-a mör (arbasu buliyan qula(ai-lu(-a uèiraqu 47v

qula(ay-yin

2010
WORD INDEX

buliyan qula(ay-u [=yin] üiles 46r

qula(ayièi(n)

qula(ayièi 28r, 31v

degerem qula(ayièi ba keregür bara(ur-tur ¯ol(oqu 4v

(ürban qula(ayièi ¯öbleldüküi na(šidar bui 27r

qula(ayièi kümün-i erigülbesü 36r

noqai kegübesü ger-dür qula(ayièi oroqu 57v

qula(ayièi-dur

tere qula(ayièi-dur nigen em-e kümün oroldu¯u amu 23r

qula(ayièin-i

buliyan qula(ayièin-i getebesü 34r

qula(ayièi-yin

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu qula(ayièi-yin aèi inu ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 31v

erekey-yin èinegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin èinegen morin unu¯u 39v

qula(u-

qula(u¯u 24r, 24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 27r

ed ¯ibqarabasu er-e (a(èa kümün-ü köbegün qula(u¯u amu 23v

qula(uyu 23r, 24r, 24v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 27v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 31r

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu isün kümün qul[a](uyu 22v

qulan

qulan

2011
WORD INDEX

morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u öngge ¯üsün güièimüi 12r

qulan una(an-iyan telèiyemüi 14r

qulu(an-a

qulu(an-a

Qulu(an-a sara 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

bing qulu(an-a sara 7v

uu qulu(an-a sara 7v

king qulu(an-a sara 7v

šim qulu(an-a sara 7v

¯a qulu(an-a sara 7v

Töbedün-dür Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r

Qulu(an-a ¯il 41r, 46r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

58v/Qulu(ana ¯il 55v

saban sara-yi adalidqabasu Qulu(an-a ¯il-dür qaburun dumdadu

sara qoyar 4r

qulu(an-a ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v

qulu(an-a ¯ilten 54r, 54v

Qulu(an-a èa( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v

Qulu(an-a èa(-un uridu dörben möèe mön edür-dür (ada(adu

2012
WORD INDEX

bui 6v

bing qulu(an-a èa( 7v

uu qulu(an-a èa( 7v

king qulu(an-a èa( 7v

šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v

¯a qulu(an-a èa( 7v

Qulu(an-a (edür) 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 13r, 16r, 18r, 34r, 42r, 47v, 48r,

48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r,

60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

Qulu(an-a (a¯ar-a 17r

qulu(an-a töröküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

Qulu(an-a sara mön-ü tula belge inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-eèe

ülü (arumui 18r

qoyar odun-u düri inu qulu(an-a metü bui 27v

(a¯ar ködelbesü nara sara ükübesü ma(ad qula(an-a ma(u bui 32r

nigen qula(ayièi kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi Abiji buyu 34r

qulu(an-a qa¯a-

šin-e debel [. . .] emüsbesü qulu(an-a qa¯ayu 34r

dolo(an-a qulu(an-a qa¯[a]qu 56r

2013
WORD INDEX

qulu(an-a qa¯abasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r

qulu(an-a debil x 58r

qulu(an-a-aèa

Qulu(an-a-aèa terigülen ali ¯il bögesü qoyitu qoyar ¯il qaburun ekin

bolumui 7r

quma(

quma(

šara quma(

nigen sarayin Morin edür šara quma( 60r

ula(an quma(

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma( 60r

šara ula(an quma(-du edüd 60r

qumq-a/qumqan

qumq-a

qo(osun qumq-a 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

qo(osun qumq-a örön-e bui 8r

qo(osun qumq-a anu Baras sara örön-e Taulai qoyin-a. Luu

¯egünde. Mo(ai emün-e. Morin örön-e. Qoni qoyin-a. Beèin

¯egü[n]de. Takiy-a emün-e. Noqai örön-e 'aqai qoyin-a.

Qulu(an-a ¯egünde. Üker sara emün-e ¯üg amui 58v

èo(tu edürün belge qumq-a bui 20r

2014
WORD INDEX

belge inu qumq-a ene bui 47r

qumqan-u

Qumqan-u ger

nara Qumqan-u ger-dür oro(san-u tula. yirtinèü-teki darasun

amtatu bolumui 8r

qur-a

qur-a 17r, 26r

sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad 1v

qur-a (ese) orobasu 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 61r, 61v

üsken qur-a 11r, 14r

qur-a elbeg 61r

qura(ala-

qura(alamui

qonin èa(-iyar qura(alamui 10r

qurdun

qurdun

qurdun yabu(èi na(šidar 28r

oyun qurdun [quick witted]; 61r, 61v

qurièa/quraèi/quraèa-

quraèi¯u

noqai quraèi¯u 16r

2015
WORD INDEX

quraèimui

arsalan quraèimui 14r

qurièaqui

takiy-a qorièaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

üker qurièaqui sar-a 11r

qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r

qurim

qurim-dur kešig tasurla(èi 28r, 33r, 33v

buyan qurim üiledbesü 31v

qurim keyi- 42r, 46r

šibad-un qurim kibesü 44r

qurim qurimlabasu 47v

qurim uèira- 58r

idegen qurim 50r

qurimla-

qurimlabasu 22v, 23v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v

köbegün qurimlabasu 24v

qurim qurimlabasu 47v

qurimlaqu

2016
WORD INDEX

ülü qurimlaqu 58r

quriya-

quriyabasu

adu(usun quriyabasu 26v

quriyaju

tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben a(ur èa(-i quriya¯u amui 6r

quriyaqui

dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i quriyaqui degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui 61v

quriya(èi

quriya(èi 35v

šiu quryiya(èi edür 36v

quryiyang(ui

sang quryiyang(ui 49r

qutu(

qutu(

qutu( oroši(ul- 8r, 24r, 29v, 31r, 34v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r

qutu( ülü oroši(ulqu bui 61v

öl¯ei qutu( oroši(san edürün belge 20r

öl¯i qutu( oroši(ulbasu 21v, 29r

öl¯i qutu( tegüsèü ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v

süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v

2017
WORD INDEX

dand’ris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroši(ulqu 37v

qutu( oroši(ulqu üiles yertinèü-yin üiles-dür adali busu bolai 38r

šitügen-dür qutu( oroši(ulbasu 43v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u

uèaral bolumui 44v

qutu( (uyuqui üiles 45v

qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v

öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral-iyar sedkigsen bütüyü 45v

öl¯i qutu( orošiqu bolumui 48r

luu-yin qutu( mör (arbasu sayin 49r

öl¯i qutu[(] 50r

öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman na(šidar bui 60v

qutu(-aèa

öni qutu(-aèa beèig irekü 57r

qutu(-i

tu(ulu(san burqan-u qutu(-i olu(san sayin èa( bui 11r

qutu(tu

qutu(tu Manjušari 2v

öl¯i qutu(tu edür 34v

quvara(

quvara(

2018
WORD INDEX

bursang quvara(

süm-e baribasu bursang quvara( ülü to(taqu 47v

quvara(-i

quvara(-i takibasu 26v

quvara(-ud-i

quvara(-ud-i

bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v

toyin quvara(-un-yi [=quvara(-ud-i] kündeleküi 61r

quya(

quya(

debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i èime¯ü 23r

quya( emüs'küi na(šidar 30r

quya(-tu

tabun quya(-du kümün-iyer uduridbasu 23v

rabnas

rabnas

rabnas oroši(ul- 21v, 24r, 46v, 61v

rabnas keyiküi sayin edür 37v

Radn-a

Radn-a

Radn-a dagini 49v

2019
WORD INDEX

ra(èis

[see under ra(šas]

ra(šas/ra(šis/ra(èis

ra(šas-un/ra(šis-un/ra(èis-un

ra(šas-un sünesün na(šidar bui 25v

Burvabalguni na(šidar kemebesü ra(èis-un qo(olai metü na(šidar 27v

tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un o(talda(san na(šidar 28v

Raqula

Raqula-yin

Sümber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u Mahašuvari

terigüten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar èinggeldümüi 38v

rašiyal

[see under rašiyan]

rašiyan/rašiyal

rašiyan/rašiyal

rašiyan edür

rašiyan edür-ün belge erdini bui 20r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v

qoyar usu uèarabasu rašiyan uèaral 45v

rašiyan-u

rašiyan-u uèaral-iyar amin nasun delgereyü 45v

2020
WORD INDEX

rdovarm-a/rdovarma/rdovrma

[see under dorm-a]

riddi

riddi

yeke riddi qubil(an

yeke riddi qubil(an ü¯egülügsen buyan-tu sara bolai 8r

Rivadi/Rivad’i

Rivadi 9v, 10v, 12v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 59r, 59v/Rivad’i 8v, 11v, 21v

Rivad’i na(šidar 31v

nigen bitegüü tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi Rivad'i buyu 33v

šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i](al-dur tüimeriddügèi Rivadi buyu 33v

süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Rivadi ede sayin 37v

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul As’li( Širvan ede

dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v

Pus Suvadi Rivad’i Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu kümün-ü

üiles-dü sayin 60v

Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden

usun bui 61r

em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Rivadi [. . .] sayin 56r

dörben tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i

qoyar 61r

2021
WORD INDEX

Margašar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun maši ¯okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r

Rôkini/Rokini

Rôkini 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59r

Rôkini na(šidar 25r

nigen üker-<y>i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Rôkini buyu 33v

bayan kümün-i ügegürigülügèi Rôkini buyu 33v

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür kemebesü

[. . .] Rôkini [. . .] sayin 37r

süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Rôkini [. . .]

sayin 37r

süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] sayin 37v

na(šidar-un sayin inu [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] odun edür qutu( oroši(ulbasu

amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u

uèaral bolumui. [. . .] Široi odun Rôkini qoyar 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .]

Altan odun Rôkini qoyar 45r

Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

2022
WORD INDEX

na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü Rôkini [. . .] odun sayin 51r

tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü Rôkini [. . .] sayin 55v

debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Rôkini [. . .] sayin 55v

Rôkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis keš[i]g-ün odun bui 60v

Rokini

Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden modun bui 61r

Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun

èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r

Rôkini-dur

Rôkini-tur busud-i ilaqui 37v

sa

sa

ula(an sa

(a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r

qara sa üsüg

qariqui edürün belge inu qara sa üsüg bui 20r

saban

saban

saban sara 4r

qono( tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-<y>i medekü kereg 3r

2023
WORD INDEX

(urban ¯il-dür nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3r

Dülb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(èin kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui

yerü ta(alal inu tabun ¯üil bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v

saban sara-yi adalidqabasu Qulu(an-a ¯il-dür qaburun dumdadu

sara qoyar. Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar. Morin

¯il-dür namurun dumdadu sara qoyar. Takiy-a ¯il-dür ebülün

dumdadu sara qoyar 4r

saban sara-dur odun na(šidar ü¯eküi 4r

qono( tasura(san kiged saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide

to(alabasu sayin ma(u aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r

(urban ¯il-dür nigen saban sar-a bolqu anu olan sudur-un ta(alal 4r

tegüber ¯iran da(un nigen möèe. (uèin möèi nigen qubi (uèin

qubi nigen qono(. (uèin qono( nigen sar-a. arban qoyar sar-a

nigen ¯il. tegün-eèe qolidqa¯u üligsen-i saban sara bolumui 5r

qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v

merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesügei 6v

basa arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a

bol(a¯u to(alabasu basa ¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi. (urban on-dur

(uèin ¯ir(u(an edür bolumui. (uèin edür-<y>i inü nigen

saban sara bol(abasu ¯ir(u(an edür inu ülemui 6v

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin dörben edür-dü uridu üligsen ¯ir(u(an

2024
WORD INDEX

edür-<y>i nigedbesü nigen saban sara bolumui 6v

saban sara-yi oriši(ulqui ar(-a kemebesü 6v

önggeregsen döèin dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bögesü tere

sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroši(ulqu bui 6v

döèin dolo(an on-du saban-ügei bögesü uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i

tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v

aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur-ügei bögesü tere saban

sara bolumui 7r

ene saban ekilegsen ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r

sabanügey-eèe bolbasu qarši ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r

saèu-

saèubasu

ür-e saèubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 32r

tariyan saèubasu 22r, 30v

saèu(ad

usun saèu(ad 21v

miq-a-yi mungna¯u saèu(ad 22r

saèu¯u

boskil saèu¯u 24r

saèuqu

köröngge saèaqu [=saèuqu] 48r

2025
WORD INDEX

suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu 60v

saèuqui

ür-e saèuqui 45v

saèu(u/saèu(uu

saèu(u/saèu(uu

nigen dusul bolumui. tere kemebesü tngri-nerün nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a

saèu(uu bolumui 5v

edür söni saèu(u bol- 5v, 10r, 16r

qoyar deb-dür edür söni saèu(uu bolu(san 6r

köbegün töröbesü JaŸarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saèa(uu boluyu 26v

yabudal inu nara sara-lu(-a saèa(u yabumui 55r

saèu(u-yin

eng terigün gšan kemebesü mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar

nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi buyu tegün-lu(-a [=tegün-lüge] nigen

da(un (arqui inu saèu(u-yin tula. nigen da(un (arumui 5r

saèuli

saèuli

suèuli [=saèuli] saèuqu 60v

saèuli er<e>gübesü 60v

Sadabis

Sadabis

2026
WORD INDEX

Sadabis 8v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r,

53r, 59r, 59v

Sadabis na(šidar 31r

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 37r

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür kemebesü

[. . .] Sadabis sayin 37r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui. [. . .]

'al odun Sadabis qoyar 45r

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan ede

dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v

Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden

usun bui 61r

èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 48v

Rôkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis keš[i]g-ün odun bui. ed mal ülü

(ar(amui 60v

naiman öber-ün odun kemebesü [. . .] Sadabis Burvabadaribad qoyar

bui 61r

Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü

obo(-tan buyu 61v

sada(-a

sada(-a

2027
WORD INDEX

sada(-a buu ög 34v

sadhu

sadhu

sadhu kemeged ¯arli( bolurun 32v

sadun

sadun

ür-e sadun

ür-e sadun qa(aèiqu 46v

nidün-dür ür-e sadun delgereged ülem¯i ¯ir(alang-du bolumui 52v

sadun-aèa

ür-e sadun

ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui 46r

sa(u-

sa(ubasu

oron-a sa(ubasu 8r

qan oron-a sa(ubasu 21v, 25v, 34v, 37r, 41v, 61r

sa(umu

ede ¯üg-dü sa(umu 55v

sa(umui

nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v

sa(uqu

2028
WORD INDEX

aliba yabuqu sa(uqu üiles-dür sayin 23v

qan oron-a sa(uqu 37r

baling do(šin qami(-a sa(uqu 41r

noyan sa(uqu 47v

širegen sandali deger-e ülü sa(uqu 58r

sa(uqui

¯il kiged naiman ayima( terigüten (a¯ar usun-u e¯id ba èi(ulqui qariqui ba.

qami(-a sa(uqui terigüten-i Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v

sa(ul(a-

sa(ul(abasu

èereg-ün noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v

saki-

sakiqu

toyin bolbasu šagšabud-iyan yoso(ar sakiqu bolu(ad. ed idegen olqu

bui 56v

saki(èi

saki(èi 35v

köbegün-i saki(èi 30v

gi saki(èi edür 36r

saki(ulsun

saki(ulsun

2029
WORD INDEX

amin(-u) saki(ulsun 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

amin saki(ulsun doron-a emün-e 8r

amin-u saki(ulsun doron-a 9r

amin saki(ulsun üiled- 34r, 46r

amin saki(ulsun üile üiledbesü 35v

amin-u saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r, 36v, 36v

amin(-u) ¯oli( saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r

saki(ulsun üiledbesü 23r, 26v, 28r, 29r

ebedèin-ü kümün saki(ulsun üiledbesü 28v

saki(ulsun biy-e-dür-iyen bišil(abasu 31r

saki(ulsun-iyan

öber-ün saki(ulsun-iyan keèiye 43r

salbar

salbar

¯a(ur-a salbar šiba(un öndegelemüi 18r

salbar-un

¯a(ur-a salbarun ¯ul¯a(an degde¯ü nisümüi 12r

sal(a-

sal(abasu

köbegün aèinar-i öber-e sal(abasu 34r

adu(usun sürüg sal(abasu 35v

2030
WORD INDEX

mal-i öber-e sal(abasu 36v

sal(an

adu(usun sal(an sürüglebesü 36r

salkin

salkin

ula(an salkin

qur-a ese orobasu ula(an salkin bolumui 11r

yeke salkin bolqu 14r, 15r

salkin-u

salkin-u èa( ekilemüi 8r

salm-a

salm-a-bar

albin salm-a-bar

albin salm-a-bar küliküi na(šidar 27v

sam-a

sam-a

na(šidar-a sam-a yokibani 32r

sambur-a

sambur-a

Jagr-a sambur-a 1v

sambur-a-yin

2031
WORD INDEX

Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün 2v

Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar 3r

samla-

samla

ede èa(tur üsün-i samla 51r

sana-

sana(san

ese sana(san (ajar-aèa dayisun bolqu 42v

sana(-a

sana(-a

köbegün töröbesü oyun qurdun ügen-tür uran sana(-a tübšin böged sayin

ner-e aldaršiqu 61v

sana(atu

oyun qurdun olan sana(atu itegelügei böged nayan nasulaqu buyu 61r

sandali

sandali

beèin edür šin-e širegen sandali deger-e ülü sa(uqu 58r

sandali metü 59v

sang

sang

Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neretü sudur 2v

2032
WORD INDEX

küü sang

küü sang negebesü 22v, 36r, 37r

küü sang-un ger baribasu 25v

küü sang-un ger bosqabasu 30r

küü sang bari(èi odun 59r

sang negebesü 36r

sang ülü negekü 35v

sang negegekü 48r

sang quriyang(ui mör (arbasu ma(u 49r

degüreng sang mör (arbasu sayin 49r

tngri-yin sang 49v

sang-dur

tngri-yin sang-dur mör (arbasu sayin 49r

sang-un

dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a-dur sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v

sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r

sang-un ger bosqabasu 36v

sanggün

[see under janggün]

sangvar

sangvar

2033
WORD INDEX

baèa( sangvar abubasu 43v, 61r

sar-a/sara(n)

sara/sar-a 6v, 8r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r

šineleküi sara 2r

qaburun terigün sar-a 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r

Mig sara 2r

Baras sar-a/sara 2v, 8r, 8r, 58v

qubi sara 2v, 8r, 8r, 37r, 37r

Bus sar-a 3r

Suša( sar-a 3r

saban sar-a 3r, 3r, 3v, 4r, 5r, 5v, 6v, 6v, 7r

arban qoyar sara 3r

qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r

¯un-u dumdadu sar-a 4r, 11r, 12r, 13r

namurun dumdadu sara 4r, 14r, 15r

ebülün dumdadu sara 4r

sara degürküi bara(daqui-yi medegdeküi 4r

èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara mör tögerekü 4r

¯il sara möèi-yin a(ur ¯okiramui 4r

Sara(n) odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

2034
WORD INDEX

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 22r, 22r, 37r,

37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v,

45v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v

edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u 5r

(uèin qono( nigen sar-a 5r

(uèin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v

arban qoyar sar-a nigen ¯il 5r

[arban] qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v

¯ir(u(an sar-a 5v

nara urba(san-aèa (urban sar-a bolu(ad 5v

arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u 6v

aliba sara saban bögesü tere sara edüge irekü on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a

oroši(ulqu bui 6v

bing baras sara 7v

uu baras sara 7v

king baras sara 7v

šim baras sara 7v

¯a baras sara 7v

ding taulai sara 7v

gii taulai sara 7v

2035
WORD INDEX

šin taulai sara 7v

küi taulai sara 7v

ii taulai sara 7v

uu luu sara 7v

king luu sara 7v

šim luu sara 7v

¯a luu sara 7v

bing luu sara 7v

gi mo(ai sara 7v

šin mo(ai sara 7v

küi mo(ai sara 7v

ii mo(ai sara 7v

ding mo(ai sara 7v

king morin sara 7v

šim morin sara 7v

¯a morin sara 7v

bing morin sara 7v

uu morin sara 7v

šin qonin sara 7v

küi qonin sara 7v

ii qonin sara 7v

2036
WORD INDEX

ding qonin sara 7v

gii qonin sara 7v

šim beèin sara 7v

¯a beèin sara 7v

bing beèin sara 7v

uu beèin sara 7v

king beèin sara 7v

küi takiy-a sara 7v

ii takiy-a sara 7v

ding takiy-a sara 7v

gi takiy-a sara 7v

šin takiy-a sara 7v

¯a noqai sara 7v

bing noqai sara 7v

uu noqai sara 7v

king noqai sara 7v

šim noqai sara 7v

ii (aqai sara 7v

ding (aqai sara 7v

gi (aqai sara 7v

šin (aqai sara 7v

2037
WORD INDEX

küi (aqai sara 7v

bing qulu(an-a sara 7v

uu qulu(an-a sara 7v

king qulu(an-a sara 7v

šim qulu(an-a sara 7v

¯a qulu(an-a sara 7v

ding üker sara 7v

gi üker sara 7v

šin üker sara 7v

küi üker sara 7v

ii üker sara 7v

ebülün eèüs Mig sara 8r

yeke riddi qubil(an ü¯egülügsen buyan-tu sara bolai 8r

qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r

qaburun eèüs sara 9r

taulai sara 9r, 9r

qoyar sara 9r

qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 10r

¯un-u terigün sara 10r

qaburun eèüs sara 10r

luu sara 10r, 10r

2038
WORD INDEX

(urban sara 10r

qaburun eèüs Šuša( sara 11r

¯un-u terigün sar-a 11r

mo(ai sar-a 11r, 11r

dörben sar-a 11r

üker qurièaqui sar-a bui 11r

¯un-u terigün Èista sar-a 12r

¯un-u eèüs sara 12r, 13r

tabun sara 12r

morin sara 12r, 12r

namurun terigün sara 13r, 14r

qonin sara 13r, 13r

¯ir(u(an sara 13r, 37v

¯un-u eèüs Abiji sara 14r

beèin sar-a 14r, 14r

dolo(an sar-a 14r, 56v [here not name but duration?]

namurun terigün Burvabadaribad sara 15r

namurun eèüs sar-a 15r, 16r

takiy-a sara 15r, 15r

naiman sara 15r, 37r

tngri takiqu sar-a 15r

2039
WORD INDEX

namurun dumdadu Ašivani sara 16r

ebülün terigün sara 16r, 17r

noqai sara 16r, 16r

isün sara 16r

namurun eèüs Kerteg sar-a 17r

ebülün dumdadu sar-a 17r, 18r

(aqai sar-a 17r

ebülün terigün Margišar sar-a 18r

ebülün eèüs sar-a 18r, 19r

qulu(an-a sar-a/sara 18r, 18r

arban nigen sar-a 18r

ebülün dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r

üker sar-a/sara 19r, 19r, 58v

kögeler-ün sar-a 19r

kögeler sara 38v

ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r

doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r

doro(ši qandu(san qara sara bui 20v

nara sara 32v

nara sara kirtübesü 25v

nara sara ükübesü 27r, 32r

2040
WORD INDEX

nara sara bari(èi do(šin gara( 42v

¯il kiged sar-a edür èa(-un qara-yi il(a¯u beèisügei 41r

ügeyiregülügèi sara

namurun eèüs ügeyiregülügèi sar-a bui 41r

ebülün terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r

ebülün dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara bui 41r

ebülün eèüs ügeyir[e]gülügèi sara bui 41r

namurun terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r

¯un-u (urban sar-a 42r

¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u bièisügei 48r

yeke sara bögesü 51v

sara yeke bögesü 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r

ba(-a sara bögesü 51v

sara ba(-a bögesü 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r

gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v

on sara edür èa( möèe 55r

1 sara 59v

sara-aèa

arban nigen sara-aèa tabun sara kürtel-e sayin 37v

sarada 11r, 15r, 38v, 40r

¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui 3r

2041
WORD INDEX

¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui 3r

naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer 6r

qoyar sarada 9r

(urban sarada 10r

dörben sarada erdem sur(abasu 11r

¯ir(u(an sarada erkedür oro(ulqui keèiyeküi üiles kiged abišig

abubasu 13r

dolo(an sarada sayitar oroši(ulbasu 14r

naiman sarada èi(ul(an èi(ulbasu 15r

isün sarada öèügüken tusa bütegebesü 16r

arban sarada ¯a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r

arban nigen sarada ed mal (ada(ši ögbesü 18r

kögeler sarada usun-u üiles üiledbesü 19r

qaburun (urban sarada 42r, 42r

¯un-u (urban sarada 42r

namurun (urban sarada 42r, 42r

ebülün (urban sarada 42r, 42r

ede sarada 37v

ede sarada okin-u bey-e- dü ma(u 51r

ede sarada tegši sayin bui 51r

ede sarada ¯i(uèi-du ma(u bui 51r

2042
WORD INDEX

ede sarada eèige eke-de ma(u bui 51r

ede sarada qadam eèige eke-de ma(u 51r

ede sarada er-e-dü ma(u bui 51r

qaburun (urban sarada<n> terigün 55r

¯un-u (urban sarada<n> terigün 55r

namurun (urban sarada terigün 55r

ebülün (urban sarada terigün 55r

sar-a-du

Suša( sar-a arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-un neres-iyer nereyidkü 3r

sar-a-dur

qaburun terigün Baras sar-a-dur (uèin qono( bui 3r

Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei 3r

Luu sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun ügei-yin tula 3v

Morin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

Qonin sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei-yin tulada 3v

Beèin sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

Takiy-a sara-dur arban tabunügei-yin tulada 3v

Noqai sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

'aqai sara-dur (uèinügei-yin tulada 3v

Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui 3v

2043
WORD INDEX

Üker sara-dur arban tabunügei-yin tulada 3v

saban sara-dur odun na(šidar ü¯eküi bui 4r

¯arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r

¯arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r

qoyar sara-dur 6r

taban sara-dur kögerge talbibasu 12r

arban qoyar sara-dur nigen ¯il 33r

sar-a/sara/saran-lu(-a

na(šidar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san 8r

sara(n)-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u belgelemüi 18r, 19r

saran-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an 38r

sara-lu(-a edür qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un èi(ulqu edür 39r

saran-lu(-a edür qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un ideši ereküi-yin

¯arudasun baling do(šin 39r

nara sara-lu(-a saèa(u yabumui 55r

sar-a-yi 4r, 10r

Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u 2r, 3r

Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u 2v

qaburun terigün Baras sara-yi qubi sara bol(a¯u 2v

Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi 2v

2044
WORD INDEX

qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi ¯il-ün terigün bol(a¯u 3r

¯ir(u(an sar-a-yi šin-e-dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu 3v

saban sara-yi adalidqabasu 4r, 4r

saban sar-a-yi ülü meden 4r

sar-a-yi ali na(šidar inu ekilekü degürkü ba. bara(daqui medekü kereg 4v

arban qoyar sar-a-yi ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u 6v

saban sara-yi oriši(ulqui ar(-a kemebesü 6v

okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü kürdün bui 51r

er-e sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola 52v

em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru( 52v

sara-yin

qaburun terigün sarayin arbun tabun-a 2r

qaburun terigün sarayin . . . 2r

arban qoyar sarayin 60r

arban qoyar sarayin to(-a 2v

arban qoyar sarayin öngge medekü kürdün ene bui 7v

arban qoyar sarayin isün šin-e 41v [see kögeler sara]

arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r

arban qoyar sarayin èo(tu edür 47r

arban qoyar sarayin yang gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen

ma(u edür 47r

2045
WORD INDEX

arban qoyar sarayin Modun gokimoi 48r

Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi 3r

sar-a-u urida önggeriged 3v

sar-a-yin to(-a medeküi kereg buyu 4v

ebülün dumdadu sarayin 5v

merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesügei 6v

saban sarayin qoyin-a 6v

aliba sarayin 37v, 56v, 58v

aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur ügei bögesü tere saban

sara 6v

aliba sarayin ülü sedükü edür 47v

aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün 49v

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün

sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün bui 49v

önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sarayin arban tabun 7r

qubi sarayin nigen šinide 7r

qubi sarayin 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v,

43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50v

sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

sarayin šin-e 37r, 37v, 37v

dörben ekin sarayin (urban isün-e èi(ulumui 38r

2046
WORD INDEX

dörben dumdadu sarayin (urban dolo(an-a èi(ulumui 38r

dörben eèüs sarayin (urban tabun-a èi(ulumui 38r

qoyar sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-a 38v

qoyar sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

(urban sarayin qorin qoyar-a 38v

(urban sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

dörben sarayin naiman šinede 38v

dörben sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a 38v

tabun sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r

¯ir(u(an sarayin naiman šinede 38v

¯ir(u(an sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r

dolo(an sarayin qorin tabun-a 38v

dolo(an sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r

naiman sarayin arban-aèa (uèin kürtel-e 38v

2047
WORD INDEX

naiman sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r

isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e 38v

isün sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r

arban sarayin arban dörben-eèe arban ¯ir(u(an kürtel-e 38v

arban sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r

arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aèa (uèin kürtel-e 38v

arban nigen sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r

kögeler sarayin qorin dolon-a 39r

kögeler sarayin 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r,

47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v

baras morin noqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v, 53v

taulai qonin (aqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v, 53v

luu beèin qulu(an-a sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v

qulu(an-a luu beèin sarayin 53v

takiy-a üker mo(ai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v

üker mo(ai takiy-a sarayin 53v

sarayin qo(osun 40r

2048
WORD INDEX

dörben terigün sarayin 48v

dörben terigün sarayin terigün-i qara 41r

dörben terigün sarayin mo(ai edür 48r

dörben terigün sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r

dörben dumdadu sarayin 48v

dörben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-i qara 41r

dörben dumdadu sarayin takiy-a edür 48r

dörben dumdadu sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r

dörben eèüs sarayin 48v

dörben eèüs sarayin segül-i qara bui 41r

dörben eèüs sarayin üker edür 48r

dörben eèüs sarayin mör (arqu kürdün ene bui 49r

Široi odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r

Sara odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r

'al odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r

Modun odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r

nigen sarayin 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v

nigen sarayin mo(ai 48v [see qubi sara]

1 sarayin 50r

2 sarayin 50r

3 sarayin 50r

2049
WORD INDEX

4 sarayin 50r

5 sarayin 50r

6 sarayin 50r

7 sarayin 50r

8 sarayin 50r

9 sarayin 50r

10 sarayin 50r

11 sarayin 50r

12 sarayin 50r

qara sarayin ¯asal 50v

tere sarayin qarši ¯üg qadqu sayin bui 50v

(abiy-a-tu sarayin šinede 52r

yeke sarayin šinein (urban 53r

öèüken sarayin šinein qoyar 53r

baras beèin sarayin 53v

taulai takiy-a sarayin 53v

luu noqai sarayin 53v

mo(ai (aqai sarayin 53v

qulu(an-a morin sarayin 53v

üker qonin sarayin 53v

baras sarayin 53v

2050
WORD INDEX

taulai sarayin 53v

luu sarayin 53v

mo(ai sarayin 53v

morin sarayin 53v

qonin sarayin 53v

beèin sarayin 53v

takiy-a sarayin 53v

noqai sarayin 53v

(aqai sarayin 53v

qulu(an-a sarayin 53v

üker sarayin 53v

namurun dumdadu sarayin 56v

qaburun eèüs sarayin 56v

sarad

[see under širad]

saras

saras-tur

qara saras-dur süm-e keyid bosqabasu 41r

saras-un

saras-un yeke öèüken 7r

qara sara-un 41r

2051
WORD INDEX

sari

sari

tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida Šingq-a sari 1v

sarid

[see under šarid]

sasa

sasa

sasa deledbesü 42r

sayid

sayid-un ¯erge-dür oro(ulu(èi odun 33r, 33v

sayin

sayin 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 21v,

22r, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 24v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 26v,

27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v,

30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 31r, 32r, 33r, 34r, 34r, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r,

35r, 35r, 35r, 35v, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r, 37r, 37r,

37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v,

37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 39v, 41v,

41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v,

45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46v,

46v, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v,

2052
WORD INDEX

48v, 48v, 48v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 52r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53r,

53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r,

54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v,

56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v,

56v, 56v, 56v, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r,

58r, 59r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v

sayin boro(an 61r, 61r

sayin buyan 1v

sayin ma(u

sayin ma(u aèi ür-e inu 4r

sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r, 9r, 10r

sayin ma(u-[y]i üjekü kürdün 21r, 49v

sayin ma(u-yi ügülsügei.34r

uèiral-un sayin ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r

dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral 45r

gara(-ud kiged na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-yi 45v

2053
WORD INDEX

üiles-ün sayin ma(u-yi ila(ayu 46r

odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-yi il(a¯u 46r

¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral 46v

na(šidar-lu(-a arban qoyar ¯il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i

ü¯ekü 46v

¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u 48r

Nagajun-a ba(ši-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-ün

sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün 49v

arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü

kürdün 50r

arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v

dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu jüg-ün sayin ma(u-yi üjekü

kürdün 50v

odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r

sayin burqan 29v

sayiqan

sayiqan köbegün 52v

sayišiya-

qamu( burqad tngri-nar bayasun sayišiyamu 60v

sayitur

sayitur 4r, 14r, 37v, 46r, 51r

2054
WORD INDEX

sayitur uqaju 2v

sebeg

sebeg-dür

qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r

seèig

seèig

ürgül¯i seèig

qoyar odun-u düri inu ürgül¯i seèig metü bui 31r

seèig taribasu 36v

dabqur seèig

dabqur seèig metü 59v

seèii

seèii

¯ülge-yin èièig neretü seèii delgeremüi 15r

seèin

seèin

mergen ölöng aburitu seèin ba(atur dayisun-i daru(ad 25v

kümün-e ergügdekü seèin bolu(ad 29r

sedki-

sedkigsen

öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral-iyar sedkigsen bütüyü 45v

2055
WORD INDEX

sedkigsen üile bütükü 58r

sedki¯ü

narin bo(ol ma(u sedke¯ü 28r

ya(un sedke¯ü 47v

sedkikü

olan kümün ma(u sedkekü 56r

sedkil

sedkil

süsüg sedkil egüske¯ü 4v

quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r

qaram sedkil 27v

sedkil inu batu 29r

öröšiyekü sedkelügegüü boluyu 29v

do(šid-un sedkil (angqui na(šidar 29v

sedkil inu ma(u 32r

sedkil bütükü 46v

sedkil ¯obaqu 50r, 56r, 56v

sedkil ülü amuqu 58r

sedkil-dür

sedkil-dür ¯okis-tu bolumui 56v

sedkil-tü

2056
WORD INDEX

öèügüken sedkil-dü boluyu

sedkil-ün

(anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil-ün èinar 1v

sedkilten

sedkilten

degerükei sedkilten ükümüi 28v

sedü-

sedübesü

aliba üiles sedübesü ma(u bui 46v

üiles sedübesü 61r

sedükü

ülü sedükü 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

ülü sedükü edür 47v

seger

seger-tü

èa(an seger<i>tü qara noqai 22r

següder

següder

nara emüneši odqui eèüs-dür kürèü nara bayiqu düng¯i edür düli

dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü dolo(an

qubi-du modun-u següder inu ¯ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r

2057
WORD INDEX

tegün-eèe ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkü edür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi

següder (arumui 6r

nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli dolo(an

qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r

ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkeküi-dür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder

neme¯ü ¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür kürbesü nigen ¯il bolumui 6r

(a¯ar-dur serigün següder una(ad 14r

küiten següder una¯u 16r

tngri-yin següder

(urban šin-e arban nigen arban isün qorin dolo(an tngri-yin

següder sayin 49v

següder-tür

ni¯iged ni¯iged gertür yegüdkeküi-dür ni¯iged ni¯iged qubi següder

neme¯ü ¯ir(u(an qubi següder-dür kürbesü nigen ¯il bolumui 6r

segül

segül

dörben odun-u düri inu segül metü bui 30r

ükül-ün segül

ükül-ün segül tasulbasu 32r

ükül-ün segül ülü tasuriyu 34r

ükül-ün segül ülü tasuraqu ma(u 41r

2058
WORD INDEX

dörben eèüs sarayin segül-i qara bui 41r

buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v

segül inu örön-e 55r

segül inu umar-a 55r

segül inu doron-a 55r

segül inu emün-e 55r

segül-dür

segül-dür köbegün olan bolqu 52v

segül-tür okin olan 52v

segül-tür yasun buu (ar(-a 55r

segül-eèe

em-e sar-a-yi segül-eèe buru(u (to(ola) 52v

segül-tü

mo(ai segültü 55r

selbi-

selbi

ebderegsen ger buu selbi 34v

sere-

sereküi

beèin sereküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

2059
WORD INDEX

19v, 19v

serigün

serigün

(a¯ar-dur serigün següder una(ad 14r

soddu

soddu

qong keriy-e-ü [=yin] soddu 60r

so(

so(

so( ¯ariyan

so( ¯ariyan-u örgesün 60r

solbi-

solbi(san

solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai

kegüür ülü oroši(ulqu edürün belge solbi(san ala( ¯iruqai bui 20r

solbi(san qara ¯iruqai 20v, 44v

tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui 20v

sonos-

sonos

¯ar(u buu sonos buu ¯i(-a 36r

sonosqu

2060
WORD INDEX

sayin üge sonosqu 50v, 58r

kimusun ta(aribasu sayin kelen sonosqu 57v

sonosu(ad

qa(an sonosu(ad uridu yosu(ar darui takil-<y>i beledèü asa(ur-un 32v

sonosta-

sonostaqu

debel tülebesü okin kümün ükügsen-i sonostaqu 57v

sorbi

sorbi

ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v

soyo(-a

soyo(-a

bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a 60r

sögöd-

sögödbesü

kürgen sögödbesü 23v

sögödkü

küèün kürgen sögödkü kürdün ene bui 60r

sön

sön-dür

sön-dür uèira(san beri (arta(an širbegel bari(san bui 54v

2061
WORD INDEX

sön-e

sön-e

amatu sön-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r

sön-e-dür

yeke amatu sön-e-dür morin buu dobtul 33v

söni

söni 38v

nigen gšan-aèa ekile¯ü edür söni sar-a ¯il bol(a¯u 5r

edür söni saèu(uu bolumui 5v

söni arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v

edür söni qoyar-<y>i ulam ne¯iged ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü ba 5v

ba(uraqu-bar edür söni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v

edür ¯ir(u(an èa( söni ¯ir(u(an èa( bol(a¯u 5v

qoyar deb-dür edürsöni saèu(uu bolu(san 6r

qoyar deb-dür edür söni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r

èün ¯un bolbasu qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r

Naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r

edür qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi söni (uèin dörben qubi 8r, 18r

edür qorin naiman qubi söni (uèin qoyar qubi 9r, 17r

edür söni qubi saèu(u bol- 10r, 16r

edür (uèin qoyar qubi. söni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r

2062
WORD INDEX

edür (uèin dörben qubi. söni qorin ¯ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r

edür (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi. söni qorin dörben qubi 13r

edür qorin dörben qubi. söni (uèin ¯ir(u(an qubi 19r

èereg mordobasu söni düli-yin urida morda 24r

söni düli 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42v, 42v

tong söni 42v

söni-dür

nigen edür qoyar söni-dür ¯a(un möèi buyu 6r

(a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge [. . .]

ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

söni-yin

edür söni-yin èa( möèi-yin qubi 2v

edür söni-yin a(ur inu ¯ir(u(an tedüiken qubi bolumui 5v

söni-yin düli 38v

sönöge-

sönöge¯ü

dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-[y]i beèi¯ü (al-dur tüleged isün adqu

široi isün aya(-a usun-iyar sönöge¯ü 22r

suba(

suba(

2063
WORD INDEX

suba( tatabasu 22r, 25v, 37r

usun suba( tatabasu 36r

suba( ¯asabasu 42r

subur(-a/subur(an

subur(-a

doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 45r

šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r

subur(-a bosqabasu 23v, 25r, 26r, 30r, 31v, 32r

subur(-a baribasu 42v

süm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas keyiküi

sayin edür 37v

subur(an

subur(an metü 59v

suèuli

[see under saèuli]

sudul-

sudulju

eden-i sudulju 4r

sudur

sudur

burqan-u nomla(san sudur dand’ris kiged ilang(uy-a Èa(-un kürdün 2r

2064
WORD INDEX

sudur-lu(-a

na(šidar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a

Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v

sudur-nu(ud

sudur-nu(ud beèibesü 21v

sudur-tur 4r

Kitad-un Lii-du ting sang neretü sudur-dur 2v

Nagajun-a ba(ši terigüten merged Èa(-un kürdün terigüten sudur-tur

nomla¯uqui 3r

sudur-ud

sudur-ud-tur

arilu(san-u to(-a inu busu sudur-ud-tur nomla¯uqui 2r

sudur-un

olan sudur-un ta(alal 4r

sui

sui

¯uu sui

ene on ¯uu sui 7r

su¯ali

[see under suu ¯ali]

sumun

2065
WORD INDEX

sumun-dur

tas ödütü sumun-dur isün ¯üil öngge-dü keb-üd-i uya¯u 32v

sumun-iyar

mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi

buyu 5r

sun-a

[compare sön-e??]

sun-a

yeke sun-a odun 59r

sura(

sura(

teyimü nigen kümün sura( ügülemüi 22v

sur(a-

sur(abasu

erdem sur(abasu 11r, 25r, 31r, 31v, 32r

morin sur(abasu 21v, 28r, 31r, 34v

bièig to(-a sur(abasu 22v

una(an sur(abasu 23r, 32r

uqa(an sur(abasu 23v

bièig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v

bièig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r

2066
WORD INDEX

üker sur(abasu 28v

¯a(al morin sur(abasu 29r

sur(aqu

bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin 56v

Suša(

[see under Šuša(]

suu

suu

suu ¯ali

su¯ali-yu(an taki¯u 21v

suu ¯ali-yu(an taki- 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v, 25v, 28v

Suvadi/Suvad’i

Suvadi 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 53r, 59r,

59v/Suvad’i 12v, 21r

Suvadi na(šidar kemebesü nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi na(šidar

bui 28v

nigen kümün-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Suvadi buyu 33v

süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Suvadi ma(u 37v

šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür inu. [. . .] Široi odun Suvadi

qoyar 45r

Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

2067
WORD INDEX

dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvad’i eden (al

bui 61r

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Suvadai [. . .] odun sayin 51r

tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 55v

debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Suvadai [. . .] sayin 55v

Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai Šuša( Anurad Udarisad Abaji Širvan Tanis

Ašivani ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r

em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 56r

bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu. [. . .]

Suvadai [. . .] sayin 56v

Pus Suvadi Rivad’i Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu kümün-ü

üiles-dü sayin 60v

qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman

na(šidar bui. [. . .] emüne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar 60v

Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü

tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v

süèing

süèing

süèing kemekü edür mör (arbasu dumda 49v

süke

2068
WORD INDEX

süke-dür

Mig na(šidar kemebesü süke-dür adali bui

Sümber

Sümber

Sümber a(ul-a 32v, 38v, 55r

Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi odun 32v, 32v

süm-e

süm-e

süm-e keyid

süm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r

süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür 37r

süm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v

süm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r

süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin

edür 37v

süm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroši(ulqui rabnas

keyiküi sayin edür 37v

süm-e baribasu 31v, 47v

süm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v

sünesü(n)

sünesü(n)

2069
WORD INDEX

ra(šas-un sünesün na(šidar bui 25v

ariyatan-u sünesün na(šidar 27v

emegen-ü sünesün na(šidar 31v

üküger-ün sünesün tülebesü 35v

(a¯ar-un sünesü 58v, 58v

süng

süng

süng kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49v

sür

sür

isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür kemekü na(šidar bui 25r

ada(usun(-u) sür dalalbasu 31r, 46v

sürèi-

sürèi

altan buu sürèi 35r

sürüg

sürüg

adu(usun sürüg sal(abasu 35v

sürügle-

sürüglebesü

ada(usun sürüglebesü 21v, 32r

2070
WORD INDEX

adu(usun-i sürüglebesü 37r

qoni yama(-a sürüglebesü 31v

adu(usun sal(an sürüglebesü 36r

mal sürüglebesü 37r

süsüg

süsüg

süsüg sedkil egüske¯ü 4v

šabi

šabi-nar

šabinar üge-dür duralayu 27r

šabšu

šabšu kiged-ün ¯üg buu yabu 53r

ša(a¯a(ai

[see also ša¯a(ai]

ša(a¯a(ai

keriy-e ba ša(a¯a(ai: kegübesü sayin bui 57r

ša(šabad

ša(šabad

ša(šabad tegüldür (bolu¯u) 28r, 29r

ša(šabad-iyan

toyin bolbasu ša(šabad-iyan alda(ad 27r

2071
WORD INDEX

ša(šabad-iyan ebdekü 29v

toyin bolbasu šagšabud-iyan yoso(ar sakiqu bolu(ad 56v

ša¯a(ai

[see also ša(a¯a(ai]

ša¯a(ai

ula(an ša¯a(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

ula(an ša¯a(ai kemekü ma(u edür 48r

ula(an ša¯a(ai mör (arbasu ma(u 49r

šaji

šaji

nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür 6r

edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6v

šara/šira

šara

šara sar-a

ögede qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r

doro(ši qandu(san šara sar-a bui 20r

šara kiiri bari¯u 23r

šara öèüken kümün qula(u¯u amui 24r

šara široi-du (a¯ar-a ni(u¯u amu 24r

šara kegeri bari¯u 24v

2072
WORD INDEX

šara debel buu ed'ke buu emüs 35r

šara ötege 59r

šara šiba(un 59r

šara quma( 60r

šara ula(an quma( 60r

šira

šira (aqai 41r

šara-nu(ud

šara-nu(ud-iyar

šara-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü 23r

šar(-a

šar(-a 52v

šarid

šarid

sarid [=šarid] deledbesü 28v

šarid deledbesü 30r

šarq-a

yar-a šarq-a bolqu 50r

šastir

šastir

2073
WORD INDEX

šastir medegèid-e ma(u 30v

šastir-aèa

Kitad-un šastir-aèa uqa(daqui 2r

šastir-nu(ud

šastir-nu(ud-tur

Manjušari-aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v

šastir-tur

(aru(san šastir-tur bertegèin köbegün üiles üiledkü bögesü 2r

Kitad to(alaqui šastir-tur 2r

šibad

šibad-un

šibad-un qurim kibesü 44r

šiba(ud

šiba(ud

¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] qamu( šiba(ud iremüi 10r

šiba(un

šiba(un

eliy-e šiba(un

¯i(ur-a [=¯a(ur-a] eliy-e šiba(un qošiyalamui 9r

kökege šiba(un

¯a(ur-a kökeg[e] šiba(un dong(oddumui 11r

2074
WORD INDEX

¯a(ur-a kökege<g> šiba(un emüneši qarimui 14r

kir(a(ul šiba(un

¯a(ur-a kir(a(ul šiba(un ¯ul¯a(lamui 13r

ularu šiba(un

¯a(ura ularu šiba(un qoršiyalamui 15r

qarèa(ai šiba(un

qarèa(ai šiba(un taulai bari¯u tngri takiqu sar-a 15r

usun šiba(un

¯a(ur-a usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u qa(dalamui 17r

salbar šiba(un

¯a(ur-a salbar šiba(un öndegelemüi 18r

kegür¯igen-e šiba(un

takiy-a kegür¯igen-e šiba(un öndegelemüi 19r

qamu( šiba(un tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui 15r

šiba(un ¯igürtü kimusutu 55r

šiba(un metü 59v

šiba(un-u

šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i]tüimeriddügèi odun ali bui 33r

šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i] (al-dur tüimeriddügèi Rivadi buyu 33v

šara šiba(un-u 59r

šidar

2075
WORD INDEX

šidar

šidar tatabasu 28v

šidi/šid’i

šidi/šid’i

Anurad-du degedü šidi olqu boluyu 38r

qoyar široi uèirabasu šid’i bütüküy-yin uèaral 45v

šidi bütüküy-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü 45v

šigürde-

šigürdebesü

¯i(asun šigürdebesü 36v

šigüsü

šigüsü-ber

èa(an Qonin šigüsü-ber takibaèu ülü oyišiyamu keme¯üküi 60v

ši¯im

ši¯im

öröne umara-yin ši¯im odun 59r

šiker

šiker

šingqun. šiker (angla(ur terigüten 50v

šilige

šilige

2076
WORD INDEX

šilige buu (ar(a 34r

šilmus

[see under šimnus]

šilu(un

šilu(un

šilu(un ön<e>gge ¯ögelen odun 59r

köbegün töröbesü šilu(un aburitu bolu(ad 61v

šim

šim

ding šim

ding šim yile 7v

ding šim edür 7v

šim baras

šim baras sara 7v

šim baras èa( 7v

šim luu

šim luu sara 7v

šim luu èa( 7v

šim morin

šim morin sara 7v

šim morin èa( 7v

2077
WORD INDEX

šim beèin

šim beèin sara 7v

šim beèin èa( 7v

šim noqai

šim noqai sara 7v

šim noqai èa( 7v

šim qulu(an-a

šim qulu(an-a sara 7v

šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v

šim güi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

šimnus/šim[n]us/šilmus/šimu

šimnus

burqan šim[n]us kiged ¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r

tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v

šim[n]us bütügebesü 28r

(a¯ar ködelbesü tngri šim[n]us èögen bolumui 32r

qamu(-i ügeyiregülügèi qara šimu kememü 42v

tngri šilmus (adqulduqui edür kemebesü 43r

beri-yin dörben šilmus kemebesü dayiwang tayiqu šitügen eke. lii külil

tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52r

šimnus-i

2078
WORD INDEX

šim[n]us-i ila(u(san edürün belge inu qara nara bui 20r

šimnus-ud

dörben šimnus-ud ba eke-ber küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38v

šimnus-un

šim[n]us-un edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(sun subur(-a 20r

ber'i ba(ul(abasu üdebesü šimnus-un qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui 27v

Èista na(šidar kemebesü šim[n]us-un na(šidar bui 29v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui 45r

šim[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edür 45r

usun-dur alda(san šimnus-un odun 59r

görögeèin šimnus-un odun 59r

šimu

[see under šimnus]

šin/šing

šin 52r

bing šin yile 7v

šin taulai sara 7v

šin mo(ai sara 7v

šin qonin sara 7v

šin takiy-a sara 7v

šin (aqai sara 7v

2079
WORD INDEX

šin üker sara 7v

bing šin edür 7v

šin taulai èa( 7v

šin mo(ai èa( 7v

šin qonin èa( 7v

šin takiy-a èa( 7v

šin (aqai èa( 7v

šin üker èa( 7v

ging šin<g> 41r/ging šin 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

šin-e/šini

šin-e/šini

šin-e nabèi 3r

šin-e debel 4v, 21v, 25r, 28v, 29v, 32r, 34r, 56r

nigen šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r,

39v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50r, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v

qoyar šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r,

39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v

(urban šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 43v, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r,

50v

2080
WORD INDEX

dörben šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r,

43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v

tabun šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v, 19v,

39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r

¯ir(u(an šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v

dolo(an šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

37v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 50r, 50v

naiman šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r,

40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56v

isün šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r,

41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 54r

arban šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r,

41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v

šin-e ger 22r, 23r, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26v, 28v, 35r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 37r, 47v

šin-e qa(al(-a 22r, 48r

šin-e (a¯ar 24r, 61r

šin-e mala(-a 34v, 57r

šin-e er-e em-e 35r

2081
WORD INDEX

šin-e beri 35r

šin-e ong(oèa 35v, 36r, 36v

šin-e kebtešin 35v, 36r, 36v, 36v

šin-e körge 36r

šin-e širigen 36v

sarayin šin-e 37v

šin-e nutuglabasu 41v

šin-e nutu( 43r

šin-e kümün 53v

šin-e asaraqu 53v

šin-e širegen sandali 58r

šin-e-de/šinede/šinide

nigen šinede 2r, 7r, 17r, 40r

(urban šinede 44r

dörben šinede 14r

tabun šinede 40r

¯ir(u(an šinede 38v, 44r

dolo(an šin-e-de/šinede/šinide 8r, 11r, 51v

naiman šinede 38v, 38v, 39v, 44r, 56v

isün šinede 40r

sarayin šinede 37r, 37v, 52r

2082
WORD INDEX

šin-e-dür

¯ir(u(an sar-a-yi šin-e-dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu 3v

šin-e-eèe/šini-eèe

dörben šini-eèe arban tabun kürtel-e 13r

isün sarayin naiman šin-e-eèe (uèin kürtel-e 38v

šinein

[see under sin-e-yin]

šin-e-yin/šinein

šinein nigen 41v

šinein/šin-e-yin qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 53r, 56v

šinein/šin-e-yin (urban 37v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 53r, 56v

šinein dörben 38r, 44v

šinein/šin-e-yin tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 56v

šinein ¯ir(u(an 38r, 38r

šinein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r

šinein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r

šinein isün 39v, 41v

šinein/šin-e-yin arban 38r, 38r, 56v

šinedke-

šinedkebesü

burqan šitügen šinidkebesü 24r

2083
WORD INDEX

ger tergen šinedkebesü 54r

šinele-

šinelegsen

šinelegsen-eèe

Baras sara-yi qubi sara bol(a¯u šinelegsen-eèe ekilen to(ola¯u 2v

šinelekü

mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(a¯u šinelekü bolai 2v

¯il ur(uqui-yin terigün-dür šinelekü inu 3r

šineleküi

šineleküi sara 2r

šinelemüi

šin-e nabèi èuquyiqui-dur šinelemüi 3r

Margišar sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi 3r

Mig sar-a-i qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u šinelemüi 3r

[Jayitari] sara-i Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür ¯il-ün terigün bol(an šinelemüi 10r

šing

[see under šin]

šingbüng

[see under šingpüng]

šingge-

šingge¯ü

2084
WORD INDEX

nara šingge¯ü 6v

šinggeküi

nara šinggeküi (èa() 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 42r

šingpüng/šingbüng

šingpüng

šingpüng güikü edür 20v, 53v

qara šingpüng güiküi anu 42r

šingpüng-ün

qara šingpüng-ün yabudal kemebesü 42r

qara šingpüng-yin belge inu qara ji üsüg bui 42v

Šingq-a sari

tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida Šingq-a sari 1v

šingqun

šingqun 50v

šini

[see under šin-e]

šinidke-

[see under šinedke-]

šin¯ile-

šin¯ilebesü

morin šin¯ilebesü 27v

2085
WORD INDEX

šin¯ileküi

nidün-iyen odun na(šidar-i nasuda šin¯ileküi kereg 4v

šin¯ilegde-

šin¯ilegdeküi

na(šidar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyalduquy-yi sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r

šintara-

šintarayu

mandal kibesü šintarayu 42r

šira

[see under šara]

širad

[see also under širid]

širad

širad-nu(ud-iyar

širad-nu(ud-iyar

sarad [=širad]-nu(ud-iyar èime¯ü 24v

širbegel

širbegel

sön-dür uèira(san beri (arta(an širbegel bari(san bui 54v

tegünü (artur nigen širbegel bari(ul¯u 54v

širege(n)

2086
WORD INDEX

širege(n)

šin-e širigen oro ¯asabasu 36v

oron-u širige baribasu 37r

širegen sandali deger-e ülü sa(uqu 58r

šir(ol¯i

šir(ol¯i

šir(ol¯i terigüten amitan degde¯ü o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r

širge-

širgeyü

usun širgeyü 30r

širid/širad

širad

širad kibesü 23v

širid-ün

širid-ün ger baribasu 26v

širo(ai

širo(ai-dur

ong(od-i takibasu širo(ai-dur adali 48r

široi

široi 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v,

21v, 21v, 45v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v

2087
WORD INDEX

Široi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v. 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r

Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u nigen šinede Široi

odun-iyar ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r

Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi terigüten

Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v

Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara(

büküy-yin tula. yeke erketü široy-yin èinar buyu 24r

Široi odun kücün tegüs-ün èa( 24r

isün adqu široi 22r

isün doboèa( široi 23v

široi ködelgebesü 42r

qoyar široi uèirabasu šidei bütüküi-yin uèaral 45v

usu široi qoyar uèarabasu egüride aqu-yin uèiral 46r

široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r

(al široi qoyar uèarabasu tüleküi-yin uèiral 46r

široi-tu

šara široi-du (a¯ar 24r

2088
WORD INDEX

široy-yin

Široi odun kemebesü dumdadu bükü (a¯ar-un e¯in-ü gara(

büküy-yin tula. yeke erketü široy-yin èinar buyu 24r

Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v

Širvan/Širvang/Širavan

Širvan 9v, 10v, [11v], 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 45v, 48v,

55v, 56r/Širvang 8v, 12v, 21r, 44v, 59r, 59v/Širavan 56v

Širvan na(šidar kemebesü basar belèid-ün na(šidar bui 30v

Burvabalguni Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui 60v

dörben belbesün odun kemebesü Kerteg Èistan Burvabalguni Širvan

kiged buyu 61r

Asli( Šuša( Širvan Barani eden široi-yin èinar buyu 61r

Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü

obo(-tan buyu 61v

šita-

šitaqu

tüimer šitaqu 60r

šitü-

šitü¯ü

qamtudquy-yin ¯ir(u(an qubi-dur šitü¯ü 2r

2089
WORD INDEX

šitün

šitün barildaqui

šitün barildaqui üiles 1v

arban qoyar šitün barildaqui 2v, 2v

šitügen

šitügen

qono(-un (urban ¯üil il(al terigüten-i medegdekü-yin šitügen 2r

šitügen eke 8r, 14r, 52r

burqan šitügen šinidkebesü 24r

šitügen bayi(ulqui 45v

burqan-u šitügen egüdbesü 46v

šitügen-dür

šitügen-dür qutu( oroši(ulbasu 38r, 43v

šitügen-i

süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür 37v

šitügen-ü

šitügen-ü eke 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 53r

šiu

šiu

teng šiu ¯un

Qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r

2090
WORD INDEX

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi.

kemen ungšimui 35v

šiu quriya(èi edür 36v

Šuša(/Suša(

Šuša( 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 52r, 61r/Suša( 8v,

21r, 53r, 59r, 59v

Šuša( sara

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdün-dür qaburun eèüs Šuša( sara 11r

Suša( sar-a terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-un

neres-iyer nereyidkü 3v

Šuša( na(šidar

o(tar(ui-dur Šuša( na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 11r

Šuša( na(šidar kemebesü (ada(adu Kitad-un na(šidar bui 29r

süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Šuša( ma(u 37v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. [. . .]

Usun odun Šuša( qoyar 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .]

Saran odun Šuša( qoyar 45r

Kerteg Barani Šuša(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede

dolo(an na(šidar (al-un èinar bui 45v

Asli( Šuša( Širvan Barani eden široi-yin èinar buyu 61r

2091
WORD INDEX

debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Šuša( [. . .] sayin 55v

debel emüskü sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Šuša( [. . .] sayin 56r

bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu [. . .]

Šuša( [. . .] sayin 56v

Bus Asli( Šuša( Qasta Èista Ašivani ede ¯ir(u(an na(šidar abašig

abqui sayin 56v

Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v

Kerteg Šuša( qoyar èing böged ¯ögelen obo(-tan buyu 61v

ta

ta 1v

mön tere sara-yi qoyar ta ü¯egdeküi buyu 4r

tabèang

tabèang baribasu 23r

tabu(n)

tabu

arban tabu 47r, 53r

qorin tabu 53r

tabun 37v, 40r, 56v, 56v, 60r, 60r, 60v

tabun oron 1v

tabun gara( 2r

arban tabun 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 5v, 5v, 7r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r,

2092
WORD INDEX

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 33r, 37v, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 50r, 53r, 56v, 58v

tabun ¯üil 3v

tabun šin-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v. 19v,

39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r

qorin tabun 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37r,

37v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 55v

tabun sara 12r, 12r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v

tabun kümün 22r, 24r, 26v, 43r

tabun edür 22r

tabun quya(-du kümün 23v

tabun odun 25v, 28r, 30v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 61r

šin-e-yin (šinein) tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 53r, 53r, 56v

tabun dagini 49v

tabun qalqala(èi 60r

tabun maqabud 61r

tabun-a 38r, 55v

arbun tabun-a 2r, 8r, 10r, 16r, 16r, 40r, 56r, 56v

qorin tabun-a 19r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 44v, 54r, 56r

2093
WORD INDEX

tabun-aèa

arban tabun-aèa 56v

tabun-u

arban tabun-u a(ur-ügei bögesü 6v

taèiya-

taèiyan

ülü taèiyan gerte oro(ulbasu 53r

taèiyang(ui

taèiyang(ui

köbegün töröbesü taèiyang(ui yeke na(adum èinggeldüküi-dür duratai

bolumui 28v

köbegün töröbesü qaram yeke biligtü taèiyang(ui ügei öèügüken

sedkil-dü boluyu 31r

ta(ala-

ta(alaqui

aliba ta(alaqui ¯üg (ada(ši odbasu 4v

ta(ala(èin

ta(ala(èin

Dülb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(èin kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü

ta(alal 3v

ta(alal

2094
WORD INDEX

ta(alal 4r

Dülb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(èin kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü

ta(alal 3v

Nagajuna-yin ta(alal 3v

Nagajuna terigüten degedü merged-ün ta(alal 4r

ta(alal-dur

degedü Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun terigün Baras sar-a-dur (uèin

qono( bui bögetel-e. Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügey-yin tula-da

qorin isün bitegüü bolumui 3r

ta(alal-tu

okin töröbesü (ayiqamši( oyun-a ta(alal-du boluyu 26r

ta(ari-

ta(aribasu

kimusu ta(aribasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v

taki

taki

¯egeren taki qošiyalamui 18r

taki-

taki

takil beledèü talbi(ad tngri (a¯ar-yi taki 32v

burqan buu taki 34v

2095
WORD INDEX

luus-un qad (a¯ar-un e¯id-i buu taki 43r

burqan tngri buu taki 48r

aman-a (a¯ar usun-i taki 55v

takibaèu

busu edür-e èa(an qonin šigüsü-ber takibaèu ülü oyišiyamu

keme¯üküi 60v

takibasu

burqan-i takibasu 21v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 28v, 29r, 30r

aliba burqan-i takibasu 22v

burqan takibasu 23r, 24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29v, 29v,

31r, 32r, 34r, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r

(al takil takibasu 21v, 31v, 35r

(al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v

(al takibasu 35v, 35v, 36v, 37r

suu ¯ali-yu(an takibasu 25v, 28v

quvara(-i takibasu 26v

bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v

erketen-i takibasu 27v

takil ba abišig talbibasu 28r

busud-i takibasu 30r

(a¯ar-un e¯in-i takibasu 34v

2096
WORD INDEX

naiman ayima(-ud-yi takibasu 35r

tngri (a¯ar-<y>i takibasu 35r

ong(od-i takibasu 35v

tngri ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r

tngri-yi takibasu 36v

(a¯ar-un e¯id luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v

(a¯ar usun e¯id-i takibasu 39v

burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu 48r

taki¯u

su¯ali-yu(an taki¯u 21v

suu ¯ali-yu(an takiju 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v

èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u 38v

takiqu

tngri takiqu sar-a 15r

takiqui

ed-ün tngri takiqui 45v

burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r

degedüs-yi takiqui 61r

taki(da-

taki(daqu

baras edür ya(unber ülü taki(daqu 57r

2097
WORD INDEX

takil

takil

takil ögbesü 8r

(al takil takibasu 21v, 31v, 35r

(al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v

(al-un takil üiledbesü 34v

takil ba abišig talbibasu 28r

aliba takil üiledbesü 31v

ögdešiküy-yin takil ögbesü 31v

takil beledèü talbi(ad tngri (a¯ar-yi taki 32v

usun takil ögküi 45v

takil-i

takil-<y>i beledèü 32v

takil-iyar

èa(-un takil-iyar taki¯u 38v

takin-a

ari(un takin-a 1v

takir

takir

takir no(èi kümün 33v

takiy-a

2098
WORD INDEX

takiy-a

Takiy-a sara 3v, 15r, 15r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Takiy-a ¯il 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 54r,

54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v

takiy-a ¯ilten 24r, 54v

küi takiy-a sara 7v

ii takiy-a sara 7v

ding takiy-a sara 7v

gi takiy-asara 7v

šin takiy-a sara 7v

küi takiy-a èa( 7v

ii takiy-a èa( 7v

ding takiy-a èa( 7v

gi takiy-a èa( 7v

šin takiy-a èa( 7v

takiy-a (a¯ar 8r

takiy-a qurièaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

Takiy-a edür 9r, 9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r,

2099
WORD INDEX

46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 56r,

56r, 58r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

takiy-a kegür¯igen-e šiba(un öndegelemüi 19r

Takiy-a èa( 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v

takiy-a ülü alaqu 58r

takiy-a-dur

Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma( 60r

tal-a

tal-a

(a¯ar tal-a ödken èasun bolumui 19r

talbi-

talbibasu

kögerge talbibasu 12r, 47v

a¯ar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r

buq-a talbibasu 28r

a¯ar(-a buur-a buq-a quèa talbibasu 35r

takil ba abišig talbibasu 28r

degelbür talbibasu 46v

talbi(ad

eldeb idegen kiged takil beledèü talbi(ad tngri (a¯ar-<y>i taki 32v

talbi(san

2100
WORD INDEX

Èa(-un kürdün-ü abišig talbi(san sayin èa( 10r

talbi¯u

dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur bièi¯ü yabuqu

mör-dür talbi¯u ¯egün köl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu 24r

tama(-a

tama(-a

dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r

tama(-a èi(ul(abasu 36r

tama(-a-dur

dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a-dur sang-un egüüde buu nege 33v

tamu

tamu-dur

qoyin-a tamu-dur unamu 32r

tan

tan

dörben tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i

qoyar 61r

tana-

tan-a

qa(uèin debel buu tan-a [=tanu] 34v

tang(ari(

2101
WORD INDEX

tang(ari(-aèa

tang(ari(-aèa daba(san èireg-ün noyan-u gara( kememüi 22v

tani-

tanibasu

nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a kümün-ü

öngge ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

nara šingge¯ü arban alqum nigen giškim-e (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge

tanibasu edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

Tanis

[see under Tanista]

Tanisa

[see under Tanista]

Tanista/Tanis/Tanisa

Tanista 8v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 17v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 59r, 59v/Tanis

11v, 16v, 18v, 19v, 53r

Tanista na(šidar 31r

kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi Tanis buyu 33v

qatud-un ni(ur-aèa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(èi Tanis buyu 34r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .]

2102
WORD INDEX

Modun odun Tanista qoyar 45r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar šim[n]us-un dolo(an edür bolumui.

[. . .]Široi odun Tanista qoyar 45r

Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v

Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden

usun bui 61r

mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v

èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v

[. . .] Tanis [. . .] ede edüd šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r

em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .]Tanista [. . .] sayin 56r

Ardar Asli( Èista Tanista ¯i(ulèin odun bui. ¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v

öber-ün odun kemebesü [. . .] Anurad Tanisa qoyar [. . .] 60v

Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü

tübšidkü obo(-tan buyu 61v

tanu-

[see under tana-]

taqul

taqul

üsün kir(abasu ebedèin taqul bolqu 57v

qulu(an-a qa¯abasu ebedèin taqul bolqu 57v

2103
WORD INDEX

tarba(-a

tarba(-a qulu(an-a nüken-eèe ülü (arumui 18r

tar(u

qonin èaddu(ad tar(u güièi¯u 13r

tar(ul-

tar(ul¯u

morin qulan terigüten tar(ul¯u 12r

tari-

tari

tariyan buu tari 33v

taribasu

modun taribasu 22r, 32r, 35r

modun èièig taribasu 35v, 36r

tariyan taribasu 24v, 27v, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v

tariyan ceèig taribasu 36v, 36v

tariyan modun taribasu 37r, 47v

qadatu (a¯ar-tur taribasu 35v

tariqu

tariyan tariqu sayin edür 55v

tariyaèin

tariyaèin-dur 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

2104
WORD INDEX

tariyaèin-u

tariyaèin-u ebesü tegüküi èa( 12r

tariyala-

tariyalabasu

tariyan tariyalabasu 10r

tariyalang

tariyalang-un

tariyalang-un (a¯ar qudalduqui . . .üiles 45v

tariyan

tariyan 26v

tariyan tariyalabasu 10r

qamu( šiba(un tariyan ¯imis ide¯ü èiddumui 15r

qamu( tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r

qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r

tariyan saèubasu 22r, 30v

tariyan taribasu 23v, 27v, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v

tariyan tariqu sayin edür 55v

tariyan seèig taribasu 36v, 36v

tariyan modun taribasu 37r, 47v

tariyan elbeg bolqu 29r

isün ¯üil tariyan (ada(ši ögbesü 31r

2105
WORD INDEX

ür-e tariyan ögbesü 30r

tariyan buu tari 33v

tariyan buu ög. 34r

tariyan tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad 58r

tariyan-dur

tariyan-dur köröngge orkibasu 46v

tariyan-i

degedü amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(èid 1v

isün ¯üil tariyan-i ¯anèibasu 30r

tariyan-i ¯a(un a(urqai bol(a(èi (odun) 33r, 33v

tariyan-u

ür-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r

tariyan-u köröngge (ajar oroba 10r

tariyan-u üile üiledbesü 14r

tariyan-u ebesün tegübesü 30v, 41r

tariyan-u (a¯ar olqu 46v

tarni

tarni uribasu 25v, 30r, 32r, 34v, 34v, 61r

¯irüken tarni uribasu 25v

arvis tarni uribasu 25v

tarnièi

2106
WORD INDEX

tarnièi kümün 4v

tarqa-

tarqabasu

¯arlig bièig tarqabasu 18r

tarqamui

naiman ayima(-ud-un èi(ul(an inu . . . tarqamui 38r, 38r

tas

tas

tas ödütü sumun 32v

tasul-

tasulbasu

ükül-ün segül tasulbasu 32r

tasulqu

qurim dotor-a kešig tasulqu na(šidar 28r

tasulu(èi

tasulu(èi

qurim-dur kešig tasulu(èi odun ali bui 33r

qurim-dur kešig tasulu(èi Burvabalguni 33v

ür-e tasulu(èi

yerü ür-e tasulu(èi Mul buyu 34r

Qulu(an-a Morin ¯il-e qaburun dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r

2107
WORD INDEX

Üker Qonin ¯il-e qaburun eèüs ür-e tasulu(èi 41r

Baras Beèin ¯il-e ¯un-u terigün ür-e tasulu(èi 41r

Taulai Takiy-a ¯il-e ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r

Luu Noqai ¯il-e ¯un-ueèüs ür-e tasulu(èi 41r

Mo(ai 'aqai ¯il-e qaburun terigün ür-e tasulu(èi 41r

ür-e tasulu(èi odun 59r

tasura-

tasura(san

tasura(san-i

tasuraqu bolbasu tere edür qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v

endegürelügegüy-e qono( tasura(san-i medeküi kereg 4v

qono( tasura(san ¯ir(u(an sar-a 3v

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v

qono( tasura(san kiged saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu

sayin ma(u aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r

uru( tasura(san

uru( tasura(san kümün 26r

Burnavasu na(šidar kemebesü uru( tasura(san na(šidar 26r

dörben ür-e tasura(san odun kemebesü Asli( Šuša( qoyar. Abaji

Barani qoyar buyu 61r

tasuram

2108
WORD INDEX

ür-e tasuram 52v

tasuramui

¯ir(u(an ere sarada (uèi(ad qono( bui. ¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin

isün-eèe ilegüü qono(ügei bui. tegüber ¯ir(u(an qono( tasuramui 3r

umar-a ¯üg odqui-dur nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu tende qošiyad qošiyad

qono( tasuramui 3r

nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui. tegüni qošiyad

qošiyad qono(-un odun na(šidar-<y>i to(alaqu ügei-yin tulada. qono(

tasuramui kememüi 4r

¯arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r

¯arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r

tasuraqu

šin-e-dür inu edür ülü tasuraqu 3v

qa(uèin-dur tasuraqu 3v

tasuraqu bolbasu tere edür qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v

ilede qono( tasuraqu busu bögetel-e 3v

eliy-e-yi darubasu ükül-ün segül ülü tasuraqu ma(u bui 41r

ür-e tasuraqu 41v, 52v

tasuraqui

qono( tasuraqui 3r, 3r

¯ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu 3r

2109
WORD INDEX

nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono( tasuraqui 3v

qono( tasuraqui nigen ¯üg-iyer ülü bol(an kièiyen ü¯egdeküi 4r

tasurayu

ükül-ün segül ülü tasuriyu 34r

taši(ura-

taši(ura(san

taši(ura(san-u

taši(ura(san-u tulada ene sarada qariqu ügei bögetel-e ¯ir(u(an

šinede öèüken èi(ulumui 38v

tašiyan

tašiyan-dur

tašiyan-dur ¯okis-tu bolqu 52v

tata-

tatabasu

tata(al usun tatabasu 12r

suba( tatabasu 22r, 25v, 37r

usun suba( tatabasu 36r

šidar tatabasu 28v

büriy-e tatabasu 34v

šin-e körge tatabasu 36r

tata(al

2110
WORD INDEX

tata(al

tata(al usun tatabasu 12r

tata(ci

tata(ci

tata(ci beri

jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-a-bar tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v

tatal(-a

tatal(-a

tatal(-a bièig

qa(an-a tatal(-a bièig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v

taulai

taulai 53v

Taulai sara 9r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügey-yin tula-da qorin isün bitegüü

bolumui 3r

ding taulai sara 7v

gii taulai sara 7v

šin taulai sara 7v

küi taulai sara 7v

ii taulai sara 7v

2111
WORD INDEX

Töbed-dür Taulai sara 9r

Taulai ¯il 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v

Taulai ¯il-dür ¯un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r

taulai ¯ilten 22r, 54r, 54v

taulai ¯iltü 53r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v

Taulai Takiy-a ¯il-e ¯un-u dumdadu ür-e tasulu(èi 41r

Taulai èa( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r

ding taulai èa( 7v

gi taulai èa( 7v

šin taulai èa( 7v

küi taulai èa( 7v

ii taulai èa( 7v

¯un-u (urban sar-a Taulai Luu Noqai èa( qara 42r

Taulai edür 10r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v,

50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

Taulai edür tngri-yin (al 9r

Taulai edür Modun odun uèirabasu ed a(urasun nemekü sayin 46v

taulai üiledküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v

2112
WORD INDEX

modun bügüde ¯ul¯a(ala(san-i taulai mede¯ü ide¯ü èaddu(ad

qošiyalamui 9r

qarèa(ai šiba(un taulai bari¯u 15r

Taulai (a¯ar-a

šitügen-ü eke Taulai (a¯ar-a 16r

taulai-dur

Taulai-dur (okimui 12r

tavar

tavar

ed tavar

ed tavar olqu 46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r

tavar ed olqu 50r

tavar ed yekede olqu 50r, 50r, 50r

qurim qurimlabasu ed tavar ügületel-e ¯a(un amin-dur

kürümüi 47v

ed tavar uèaraqu 50r, 50r

ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu 57r

tavar-iyan

qudalduèin-dur odbasu ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r

tayil-

tayilbasu

2113
WORD INDEX

nomla(san-i tayilbasu 2r

tayiqu

tayiqu

dayiwang tayiqu 52r, 53r

tayisui

tayisui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

¯il-ün tayisui 55v

tayiši

tayiši

qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v

tede(n)

tede 4r

teden 33v

tedüi

tedüi 5r

tedüiken

tedüiken

nigen dusul qoyar qubi nigen tedüiken kememüi 5v

edür arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v

söni arban tabun tedüiken qubi 5v

edür söni-yin a(ur inu ¯ir(u(an tedüiken qubi bolumui 5v

2114
WORD INDEX

tegerme/tegerm-e

tegerme/tegerm-e

tegerm-e bosqabasu 42v

usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r

a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 37r

a(ur tegerme bosqabasu 36v

tegši

tegši

ari(un gegen-e ¯iruqai-dur tegši ¯okiyabai 2v

uridu qoyitu edür-yi tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v

(a¯ar-dur dula(an-u tegši oromui 10r

ede sarada tegši sayin bui 51r

tegü-

tegübesü

tariyan-u ebesün tegübesü 30v, 42r

tegüküi

tariyaèin-u ebesü tegüküi èa( 12r

tegüldür

tegüldür

ša(šabad tegüldür bol- 28r, 29r

tegün

2115
WORD INDEX

tegün 38r

tegüber 3r, 4r, 5r, 5r, 5v, 6r, 6r, 46r, 46r

tegün-dü

mön tegün-dü ma(u 51v

tegün-dür 3r, 4v, 7r

tegündür 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r

tegün-e 34r, 34r, 43r

tegün-eèe 6r

tegünèe 6r

tegün-eèe qolidqa¯u 5r

aliba üiles-i tegün-eèe ¯ayila(daqui 43r

tegün-i/tegüni 3v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 40r, 42v, 43r

tegüni qolidqabasu 3r

tegün-lu(-a [=tegün-lüge] 5r

tabun kümün ba tegün-lüge nigen band'i kümün oroldu¯u 24r

tegün-ü/tegünü 3v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v,

44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 54v, 55r

tegün-ü tula 2r, 2v

tegün-ü tulada 2v

tegünèilen

tegünèilen 6r, 50v

2116
WORD INDEX

tegüs

tegüs 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v,

10v,10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 24v

ila¯u tegüs nögèigsen burqan 1v

küèün tegüs 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 19v

küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r

tegüs öl¯eyitü 25v, 26v

tegüs ¯ir(alang-tu 25v, 27v, 29r

tegüs-ün

küèün tegüs-ün èa( 21v, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r, 24r

tegüs-

tegüsbe

dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar èa(-<y>i medegdeküi tegüsbe 6r

doron-a ¯üg-ün modun-u dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r

2117
WORD INDEX

emün-e ¯üg-ün (al-un dolo(an na(šidar anu tegüsbe 29r

örön-e ¯üg-ün altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegüsbe 31r

umara ¯üg-ün usun-u dolo(an na(šidar tegüsbe 32r

tegüsèü

öl¯i qutu( tegüsèü ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v

tegüsügsen

tegüsügsen-e

odun gara(-lu(-a tegüs<s>ügsen-e mörgümüi 32r

tegüsüm

ülü tegüsüm 52v

tegüsümüi

buyan tegüsümüi 30v

te¯ige-

te¯igebesü

engküri köbegün-i te¯igebesü 28r, 35r

te¯igekü

noqai ülü te¯igekü 58r

te¯igeküi

te¯igeküy-e

köbegün töröbesü te¯igeküy-e berke 22v

te¯igemüi

2118
WORD INDEX

modun èim[e]g beèin inu ¯imis ide¯ü èiddu(ad. ¯ul¯a(an-iyan te¯igemüi 14r

te¯iye-

te¯iyebesü

noqai te¯iyebesü 44r

telèiye-

telèiyemüi

qulan una(an-iyan telèiyemüi 14r

temdeg

temdeg-tü

temdegtü adu(usun ögbesü 30r

kümün-e temdegtü mal (ada(ši (ar(abasu 31r

temeèildü-

temeèildübesü 35r

temèildüküi-dü

temèildüküi-dü

temèildüküi-dü ¯ol(o 50v

temeèildügen

temeèildügen

'al x temeèildügen bolqu 46v

temür

temür

2119
WORD INDEX

isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür kemekü na(šidar 25r

temür maqabud 54r

temür-ün

temür-ün èinar

Altan odun kemebesü kešig erdeni qa(an-u gara( büküy-yin tula

temür-ün èinar 23v

temürèi

temürèi

eliy-e da(a(san kümün ba. temürèi ba band’i ba bombo teyimü nigen

kümün sura( ügülemüi 22v

tende

tende 3r, 4v

tende-eèe

tende-eèe nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür 6r

teng

teng

teng šiu ¯un

Qoyar sara-dur edür söni teng šiu ¯un bolbasu 6r

teng kem

Naiman sarada<n> edür söni teng kem-iyer bayiqu šaji bolbasu 6r

tengse-

2120
WORD INDEX

tengse¯ü

Mahašuvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-ud>

terigüten-iyer küriyelegül¯ü qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse¯ü

èi(ulqui-dur inu 38r

tere

tere 2r, 2r, 2v, 3r, 3v, 4r, 4v, 5v, 6r, 6v, 7r, 22v, 23r, 24v, 24v, 27r, 32v, 41r, 42r,

42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 43r, 43r, 50v, 58v

tere metü 46r

tergen

tergen 31v, 59v

ger tergen ¯asabasu 36r, 36v, 37r

ger tergen bosqabasu 37r, 42r

ger tergen šinedkebesü 45r

ger tergen arèi(ulbasu 54v

tergen-ü

tergen-ü kürdün 25v

terigüle-

terigülen

qulu(an-a-aèa terigülen 7r

aq-a degüü qoyar terigülen qula(uyu 26r

uridu qoyar odun terigülen 32v

2121
WORD INDEX

terigü(n)

terigün 52v, 55v

qaburun terigün sara 2r, 2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r

qaburun terigün Baras sara 2v, 3r

qaburun terigün Udaribalguni sara 9r

¯un-u terigün sara 10r, 11r

¯un-u terigün Èista sar-a 12r

namurun terigün sara 13r, 14r

namurun terigün burvabadaribad sara 15r

ebülün terigün sara 16r, 17r

ebülün terigün Margišar sar-a 18r

¯il-ün terigün 3r, 10r

eng terigün gšan 5r, 5r

görögesün(-ü) terigün 26r, 59v

mo(ay-yin terigün 27r, 59v

¯a(an-u terigün 29v, 31r, 59v, 59v

morin terigün 32v

odun-u terigün 33r

odud-un terigün Kerteg bui 33r

¯un-u terigün 41r

ebülün terigün 41r

2122
WORD INDEX

qaburun terigün 41r

namurun terigün 41r

dörben terigün sara 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r

èa(an baras-un terigün 49r

noqai terigün 49v

kürgegèi-yin terigün 52v

qaburun (urban sarada<n> terigün inu 55r

¯un-u (urban sarada<n> terigün inu 55r

namurun (urban sarada terigün inu 55r

ebülün (urban sarada terigün inu 55r

ima(an-u terigün 59v

morin-u terigün 59v

dörben terigün odun 61v

terigün-dür

¯il ur(uqui-yin terigün-dür šinelekü inu 3r

köke luu-yin terigün-dür mör (arbasu 49r

terigün-dür ger buu bari 55r

terigün-i

dörben terigün sarayin terigün-i qara 41r

terigütü

noqai terigütü 55r

2123
WORD INDEX

terigün-ü

görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün 30r

terigüten

terigüten 1v, 1v, 1v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 3r, 3r, 4r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 38v, 38v, 39r, 45v, 48r, 50v

terigüten-i 2r, 2r, 2v, 2v, 2v, 16r, 61v

terigüten-iyer 38r

terigüten-ü 2v

teryinar – heretics

teryinar-i

¯ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqa¯u 8r

teseregü

teseregü

eseregü teseregü

èereg mordobasu eseregü teseregü ügüleldüyü 34r

teyimü

teyimü 24v

teyimü nigen kümün 22v

teyin

teyin 4r

teyin böged 32v

teyin böged arilu(san

2124
WORD INDEX

teyin böged arilu(san-u to(-a 2r

teyin-ber

teyin-ber öni ülü oyilaqu 24v

tib

tib-i

bey-e inu (urban tib-i degürümüi 55r

tiler

tiler-ün

Tiler-ün ger

naran Tiler-ün gertür oro(sun-u tula. yirtinèü-deki amitan-i ala¯u

kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r

ting

ting

Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neretü sudur 2v

tngri

tngri

Manjušari tngri 1v

tngri (a¯ar

tngri (a¯ar-un qorin dörben a(ur èa( 6r

tngri (a¯ar-yi taki(basu) 32v, 35r

tngri (a¯ar-un on sara edür èa( möèe 55r

2125
WORD INDEX

yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

¯obalang(-un) tngri

¯obalang(-un) tngri yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r

¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür 56v

tngri takiqu sar-a 15r

Okin tngri

Okin tngri ba(uqu edür(-ün belge) 20r, 47r

(uèin qoyar okin tngri 32v

tngri šimnus

tngri šim[n]us (adqulduqu belge 20v

tngri šim[n]us èögen bolumui 32r

tngri šilmus (adqulduqui edür 43r

tngri kümün èidköd (urba(ula èi(ul(alaqu na(šidar 26r

tngri ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r

Mahašuvari tngri 38r

tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigüten 38v

tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bügüde ba yeke èi(ul(an

buyu 38v

ed-ün tngri takiqui 45v

burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r

2126
WORD INDEX

burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu 38r

burqan tngri buu taki ma(u bui 48r

tngri-eèe

burqan tngri-eèe ba(u(san buyan-du sayin èa( 16r

tngri-ner

tngri-ner (aši(udaqu edür 48r

qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayišiyamu 60v

tngri-ner-ün

tngri-nerün nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a saèu(uu 5v

tngri-nerün gara( 21v

tngri-ner-ün na(šidar 27v, 30v

tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü 30v

tngri-yi

egüdügsen isün tngri-i uribasu 28v

bi tngri-yi kelbeyilgen èidamui 32v

tngri-yi takibasu 36v

tngri-yin

tngri-yin (al 8r, 9r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r

tngri-yin noqai 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55v

tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r

2127
WORD INDEX

tngri-yin dalal(-a dalalabasu 25v

tngri-yin (a¯ar-a ra(šis-un o(talda(san na(šidar 28v

tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun 32v

tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v

tngri-yin egüüde 33r, 33r

tngri-yin èi(ta(-a 33v, 34r

tngri-yin vim-a 39v

tngri-yin mör kemekü edür 49r

tngri-yin egüde(n) 49r, 49v

tngri-yin egüden odun 59r

tngri-yin qoriyan 49r

tngri-yin erdeni 49r

tngri-yin qula(ai 49r

tngri-yin ordo 49r

tngri-yin ayul 49r

tngri-yin sang 49r, 49v

aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün 49v

tngri-yin següder 49v

tngri-yin qo(olai 49v

tngri-yin šijim odun 59r

todqor

2128
WORD INDEX

todqor

ada todqor

ada todqor èi(ul'qu-yin na(šidar 29r

qulu(an-a qa¯abasu ada todqor bolqu 57r

üsün kir(abasu ada todqor bolqu 57r

keriy-e kegübesü tariyan tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad ada todqor

bolqu 58r

ger-eèe [x] ada todqor bolqu 58r

to(-a

to(-a

to(-a kiged to(an-u aè'i ür-e 1v

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a 1v

teyin böged arilu(san-u to(-a 2r

Manjušari bodisü[n]g inü qara Kitad-un oron-dur to(-a terigüten-i

ü¯egülügèi buyu 2r

qara Kitad-un to(-a 2r

arban qoyar sarayin to(-a 2v

arban qoyar šitün barildaqui to(-a 2v

yerü ede to(-a to(alaqui inu 4r

sar-a-yin to(-a medeküi kereg 4v

bièig to(-a sur(abasu 23r, 23v, 56v

2129
WORD INDEX

bièig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r

dolo(an na(šidar-un to(-a tegüsbe 27r

dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegüsbe 31r

to(-a to(alabasu 31v

odun-u to(-a 59v

to(an

to(an-u

to(-a kiged to(an-u aè'i ür-e 1v

to(an-u yosun 3r

to(aèin/to(oèin

to(aèin-dur

(qara) Kitad-un to(aèin-dur 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r

to(oèin-u

Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar 2v, 2v, 2v, 2v

Kitad-un to(oèin-u Bus sar-a 3r

to(ala-

to(ala

kürgen-eèe ¯öb to(ala 51v, 51v

sara yeke bögesü kürgen-eèe jöb to(ala. 60r

2130
WORD INDEX

sara ba(-a bögesü egüde-eèe buru(u to(ala 60r

to(ola

(olomta-aèa ¯öb to(ola 51v

sara yeke bögesü er-e-eèe ¯öb to(ola 51v

sara yeke bögesü kü¯ügün-eèe ¯öb to(ola 52v

er-e sar-a-yi aman-a‡a ¯öb to(ola 52v

ba(urai-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v

nutu(-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v

okin-aèa buru(u to(ola 51v

sara ba(-a bögesü em-e-eèe buru(u to(ola 51v

sara ba(-a bögesü buru(u to(ola 52v

to(alabasu

saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu 4r

nigen on (urban ¯a(un ¯iran edür bol(a¯u to(alabasu 6v

arban qoyar sar-a-i ¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a bol(a¯u

to(alabasu 6v

to(-a to(alabasu 31v

¯iruqai to(alabasu 31v

to(olabasu

Široi odun-iyar ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r

odun erdem-yi to(olabasu 60v

2131
WORD INDEX

to(ala(daqui

urbalügegüi-e to(ala(daqui 5v

dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui 24v

to(ala¯u

bertegèin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin ¯a(uraki-yi to(ala¯u 5r

ebülün dumdadu sarayin arban ¯ir(u(an-aèa ekilen to(ala¯u 5v

to(ola¯u

šinelegsen-eèe ekilen to(ola¯u 2v

kümün ba yerü qamu( amitan-i to(ala¯u 55r

to(alan

(aqai nasu to(alan ¯ul¯a(alamui 17r

to(olan

qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse¯ü 38r

to(alaqu

odun na(šidar-yi to(alaqu ügei-yin tulada 4r

to(alaqui

ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san-i uqa(sad

bodgalis-dur to(alaqui 1v

Kitad to(alaqui šastir 2r

usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal 3v

yerü ede to(-a to(alaqui inu 4r

2132
WORD INDEX

to(alaqui inu 5r

mergen kümün-ü qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabèi to(alaqui tedüi

buyu 5r

dusul-iyar to(alaqui kemebesü 5r

biqar qangin-u ¯iruqai-dur to(alaqui na(šidar 26r

to(alaqui-dur

qubi to(alaqui-dur 5v

to(alaquy-yin

nigen qono(-i ¯a(un möèi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun inu 6r

to(alal

bügüde-yin to(alal 4r

to(oèin

[see under to(aèin]

to(o(an

to(o(an-aèa

qar-a to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada adalamui 26v

to(ola-

[see under to(ala-]

to(ori-

to(ori(èi

Sümber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(èi odun 32v, 32v

2133
WORD INDEX

door-a to(ori(èi 32v

to(orimui

Modun odun kiged orgil-iyar to(orimui 32v

yeke öèüken odun bügüde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v

arban tabun odun bügüde door-a to(orimui 33r

to(orin

dumda büküi-yi to(orin yabu(èi odun 32v

a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(èi odun 32v

to(os

to(os-un 59r, 59r

to(osq-a

to(osq-a ¯ergelebesü 32r

to(osun

to(osun bari¯u 3r

to(ta-

to(ta(èi

to(ta(èi 35v

ding to(ta(èi edür 36r

to(taqu

bursang quvara( ülü to(taqu 47v

kögerge talbibasu ülü to(taqu 47v

2134
WORD INDEX

tokiyaldu-

tokiyaldubasu

busud anu tokiyaldubasu ülü bolumui 60r

tokiyaldu(san

tokiyaldu(san-iyar

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar èa(-un sayin ma(u-yi

belgelemui 8r

tokiyaldu(san-u

yerü Suša( sar-a terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-un

neres-iyer nereyidkü inu nigen tokiyaldu(san-u tulada 3r

tokiyaldumui

ene saban ekilegsen ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r

sabanügey-eèe bolbasu qarši ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r

önggeregsen isün on-u qa(uèin sarayin arban tabun edüge ene on-u

qubi sarayin nigen šinide tokiyaldumui 7r

ügeyiregülügèi qara edür kemebesü yeke qara edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge]

èöm tokiyaldumui 41v

tokiyalduqui

tokiyalduquy-yi

öber öber nidün-iyer na(šidar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-

duquy-yi sayitur šin¯ilegdeküi 4r

2135
WORD INDEX

tokiyaldu(ul-

tokiyaldu(ul¯u

ede belges-lu(-a tokiyaldu(ul¯u 5r

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u (belgelemüi) 18r, 19r

qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u

uèaral-un sayin ma(u-i üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r

okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü kürdün bui egüni sayitur tokiyaldu(ul¯u

medegdeküi 51r

ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯egdeküi 51r

ede odun na(šidar tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯e 52r

tokiyaldu(ulu(san

Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v

tokiyaldu(ulyu

ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v

toli

toli

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin] manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü 42v

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri bugüde-dü toli bui 54r

tolo(ai

tolo(ai

qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai 59r

2136
WORD INDEX

tolo(ai-dur

(aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dürü¯ü 23r

tolo(ay-yin

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin] manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü 42v

tong

tong

tong söni

Kögeler sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai edür tong söni güimüi 42v

toor-a

toor-a-dur

isün nidütü temür toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sür kemekü na(šidar 25r

tong(ori(

tong(ori( 47r

Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edürün belge inu tong(ori( bui 20r

tong(ori(-dur

¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu üsün düyilü(èi tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r

tor(on

tor(on

(altu tor(on ergiküi modun odun 59r

tosun

tosun

2137
WORD INDEX

èa(an tosun ba. buq-a-yin ögekün kengšigül keyi¯ü 50v

toyin

toyin 30r

toyin kümün 4v

toyin bol- 27r, 29v, 56v, 56v

toyin quvara(-un-yi kündeleküi 61r

toyin-nar

toyin-nar-a

toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v

Töbed

Töbed-tür

Töbed-dür Baras sara 8r

Töbed-dür Taulai sara 9r

Töbed-dür Luu sara 10r

Töbed-dür Mo(ai sar-a 11r

Töbed-dür Morin sara 12r

Töbed-dür Qonin sara 13r

Töbed-dür Beèin sar-a 14r

Töbed-dür Takiy-a sara 15r

Töbed-dür Noqai sara 16r

Töbed-dür 'aqai sar-a 17r

2138
WORD INDEX

Töbed-dür Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r

Töbed-dür Üker sar-a 19r

Töbed-ün

Töbed-ün keleber. isgarma g’zangdang ildanbala kyagvasèolab

[=pyagvasèolab] 32r

tögen-e

tögen-e-tü

ge¯igen-dür tögenetü kümün 29v

tögene-

tögenebesü ¯inglebesü 22v, 36v, 37r

tögere-

tögerekü

èöb-ün èa(tur nara sara mör tögerekü 4r

tömösü(n)

tömösü

qamu( tariyan tömösü seb[e]g-dür oroqui èa( 17r

tömösün

qamu( tariyan tömösün bol¯u qadumui 15r

tariyan tömösün èuqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r

törö

törö

2139
WORD INDEX

törö bari- 45v, 61r

törö buu bari 34v

yeke törö baribasu 41v

törö-

töröbesü

köbegün töröbesü 21v, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v,

27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v,

31r, 31r, 31v, 32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v

okin töröbesü 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 28r

ma(u kümün töröbesü 31v

köbegün okin töröbesü 31v

ni(un töröbesü 43r

törögsen

Manjušari bodisü[n]g törögsen bolai 2v

tngri-yin vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü

qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün 39v

öber-ün törögsen odun-dur ya(un buu üiled 56r

törö¯ü

qan kümün törö¯ü ükükü odun 59r

törö¯ügüi

Bus na(šidar-tu törö¯ügüi 2r

2140
WORD INDEX

törökü

uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un sayin köbegün törökü bui 54v

töröküi

qulu(an-a töröküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v

törömüi

yertinèü-yin qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r

üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r

ede dumda beri bui. okin törömüi 52r

nidün-dür nidün metü qoyar sayiqan köbegün törömüi 52v

töröyü

degedü töröl-tür töröyü 28r

qoyin-a ülü töröyü 34r

törögül-

törögülkü

törögülkü-yin

amu(ulang ¯ir(alang-i törögülkü-yin tulada 2v

törögülüyü

tüleküi-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r

törögülten

2141
WORD INDEX

törögülten-dür

adu(usun törögülten-dür ma(u bui 31r

töröl

töröl

ükübesü degedü töröl oluyu 30r

töröl-dür

degedü töröl-tür töröyü 28r

töröl-i

ükübesü degedü töröl-<y>i oluyu 29r

tu(

tu(-un

tu(-un išin-du uya¯u 50v

tu(ul-

tu(ulu(san

tu(ulu(san burqan 11r

tu(urbil

tu(urbil

kièiyel tu(urbil kereglegdekü busu bögesü ber 1v

tu(urbil-aèa

ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san 1v

tu(urbil-dur

2142
WORD INDEX

tu(urbil-dur kièiyeküi busu bögetele 1v

tul-

tulbasu

tul(-a tulbasu 31v

tula

tula 5r, 8r, 8r, 9r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 16r,

16r, 17r, 17r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 19r, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r, 55r

ya(un-u tula kemebesü 2r, 55r

tegün-ü tula 2r, 2v

Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun ügei-yin tula 3v

(a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a ba(uqu tula 58v

tulada 3v, 3v, 4r, 38v, 39v, 43r

nomla(san-u tulada 1v, 4r, 37v

tegün-ü tulada 2v

amu(ulang ¯ir(alang-i törögülkü-yin tulada 2v

nigen tokiyaldu(san-u tulada 3r

Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei-yin tula-da 3r

Qonin sara-dur (uèin qono(ügei-yin tulada 3v

Takiy-a sara-dur arban tabunügei-yin tulada 3v

tul(-a

tul(-a

2143
WORD INDEX

tul(-a tulbasu 31v

tul(-a bolqui 38v

tul(-a tulu(èi 52v

tul(-a-yin

(urban odun-u düri inu. tul(-a-yin modun metü bui 26v

Barani na(šidar kemebesü tul(-a-yin (urban köl metü bui 32r

tulu(èi

tulu(èi

tul(-a tulu(èi 52v

turši

turši

bey-e-yi turši modun-iyar èime¯ü 30v

tus

tus

ali ¯il tus bol- 7r

egün-i tus ü¯e 50r

tusa

tusa

em-e kümün-e tusa keyibesu 15r

öèügüken tusa bütügebesü 16r

öber-ün tusa bütügebesü 22v

2144
WORD INDEX

qong(or qal¯an morin qudaldubasu tusa bui 25r

tusa ügei

em emlebesü tusa ügei 38r

ede edüd-dür odun na(šidar sayin bögesü ber tusa ügei 42r

èa(an ¯asal kibesü tusa ülü boluyu 39v

aši( tusa eribesü 43v, 43v, 61r, 61v

aši( tusa bütü- 45v, 49v

aši( tusa bol- 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 56r

tusa yeke bolqu 56v, 57r

(abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu 57v

tusbüri

tusbüri

odun na(šidar tusbüri sayin bögesü 46r

tusbüri ü¯e 50r, 50r

tusla-

tuslamui

amitan-a tuslamui 30r

tuslan

ene arban qoyar ner-e-yi tuslan ü¯e 50v

tübšid-

tübšidkü

2145
WORD INDEX

išiten tübšidkü üiles 61r

ülü tübšidkü üiles 61v

Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü

obo(-tan buyu 61v

tübšidke-

tübšidkekü

tübšidkekü ašida-yin üiles-dür sayin 45v

tübšidken

(a¯ar-<y>i tübšidken èidamu 32v

tübšidkegèi

tübšidkegèi 35v

ping tübšidkegèi edür 36r

tübšin

tübšin

tübšin (a¯ar

dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju 6r

tübšin sana(-a

köbegün töröbesü oyun qurdun ügen-tür uran sana(-a tübšin 61v

Mig Burvasad Burvabadaribad Barani eden maši tübšin obo(-tan buyu 61v

tü[g]šigèi

2146
WORD INDEX

tü[g]šigèi

mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

saki(èi ebdegèi tü[g]šigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen

ungšimui 35v

üi tü[g]šigèi edür 36v

tüil

tüil-ün

tüil-ün edür

qabur namurun qu(us ¯un ebülün tüil-ün edür bolai. aliba sayin

üiles-i èigerle 59r

tüimer

tüimer

ger baribasu ¯a(u qono(-du tüimer šitaqu 60r

tüimer-e

tüimer-e tüimeridkü qula(ai oromui 47v

tüimerid-

tüimeridkü

tüimer-e tüimeridkü qula(ai oromui 47v

tüimeriddügèi

tüimeriddügèi

šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i] tüimeriddügèi odun ali bui 33r

2147
WORD INDEX

šiba(un-u egüüri-yi [=egür-i] (al-dur tüimeriddügèi Rivadi buyu 33v

tüle-/tüli-

tülebesü

(al mandal tülebesü 10r, 61v

üküger-ün sünesün tülebesü 35v

odèa( tülebesü 42v

debel tülebesü 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r

tüleged

dayisun-u èereg-ün noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bièi¯ü (al-dur tüleged 22r

tülegsen

aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v

tülekü

(al-un oèi-du tülekü 55v, 56r

tüleküi/tüliküi

tüleküi-dür

ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür 27r

tüleküy-yin

edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküy-yin uèaral

boluyu 44v

(al široi qoyar uèarabasu tüleküy-yin uèiral 46r

tüleküy-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r

2148
WORD INDEX

tüleküi/tüliküi edür

tüliküi edürün belge solbi(san qara ¯iruqai bui 20v

tüleküi edürün belge anu solbi(san qara ¯iruqai ene ilegüüdebei 20v

(al mandal tüleküi 39r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui 45r

tüleyü

debel eskebesü (al-dur tüleyü 25r

tülegèi

tülegèi

tülegèi odun 44v

(al tülegèi 52v

tüli-

[see under tüle-]

tüliši

tüliši

tüliši ögbesü 28v, 30r, 30v

ükügsed-dür tüliši buu ög 26r

ükügsen kümün-e tüliši ögbesü 26v

ükügsen kümün-dür tüliši ögbesü 29r

ükügsen-tür tüliši ögbesü 29r

türidkegèi

2149
WORD INDEX

türidkegèi

¯i(ulèin mör türidkegèi odun 59r

tüšimed

tüšimed

qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v

tüšimed erdeni bolqu na(šidar bui 30v

tüšimed ba(ura¯u (uyiranèi bolumui 42v

tüšimed-ün

tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ura(ulu(èi odun ali bui 33r

tüšimed-ün ¯erge-eèe ba(ur(ulu(èi Abaji buyu 33v

uèara-

[see under uèira-]

uèaral

[see under uèiral]

uèira-/uèara-

uèirabasu 47v

ma(u aran-lu(-a uèirabasu 22v

odun na(šidar uèirabasu 37v

qoyar široi uèirabasu 45v

taulai edür Modun odun uèirabasu 46v

Usun odun uèirabasu gergi olqu 46v

2150
WORD INDEX

Usun odun Modun odun qoyar uèirabasu 46v

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar noqai edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v

Burvasad Udarisad qoyar üker edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar luu edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v

uèarabasu

qoyar usu uèarabasu rašiyan uèaral 45v

qoyar (al uèarabasu delgereküi-yin uèaral 45v

qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v

usu široi qoyar uèarabasu egüride aqu-yin uèiral 46r

(al kei qoyar uèarabasu yeke küèütü uèaral 46r

široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r

usu kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü ¯okiqu uèaral 46r

(al široi qoyar uèarabasu tüleküi-yin uèiral 46r

usu (al qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün uèiral bui 46r

Nara Saran 'al Široi ede dörben odun uèarabasu dayisun-i ayul bolqu 46r

Usun Altan odun uèarabasu aèi ür-e bütükü 46r

Modun odun uèarabasu nom kiged buyan kešig delgerekü 46v

Baras morin noqai (aqai ede edüd-tü aliba odud uèarabasu sayin 46v

Margašar Ardar qoyar qonin edür uèarabasu ma(u 46v

uèira(san

Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(šidar uèira(san edür Manjušari bodisü[n]g

2151
WORD INDEX

törögsen bolai 2v

lii-dür uèira(san beri-yi abubasu 54r

kon-dur uèira(san beri 54r

ken-dür uèira(san beri 54r

kam-dur uèira(san beri 54r

gin-dür uèira(san beri 54r

jen-dür uèira(san köl göq-a-bar tata(ci beri 54v

sön-dür uèira(san beri 54v

uèara(san

uèara(san bögesü altan gerel ungši 42v

uèira¯u

aqa degüü qoyar kümün uèira¯u ¯i(a¯u öggümüi 25v

uèaram

darasun idegen uèaram 50r

aman-tur üge da(un uèaram 52v

uèiraqu

ülü uèiraqu uèiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r

qola (a¯ar-a mör (arbasu buliyan qula(ai-lu(-a uèiraqu 47v

¯a(ur-a qula(ai uèiraqu 50r

darasun idegen-dür uèiraqu 58r

qurim-dur uèiraqu 58r

2152
WORD INDEX

uèaraqu

okin töröbesü erketen-dür uèaraqu 26v

široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r

ol¯a uèaraqu 49v

dayisun uèaraqu 49v

küsel uèaraqu 49v

idegen umda(an uèaraqu 50r

idegen qurim uèaraqu 50r, 50r

qula(ai-du uèaraqu 50r

ed tavar uèaraqu 50r, 50r

idegen umda(an uèaraqu 50r

ebedèin-dü(r) uèaraqu 50r, 50r

ebedèin ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r

ükül ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r

bariy-a küriy-e-dü uèaraqu 50r

idegen-dü uèaraqu 50r

ada-du uèaraqu 50r

uèiral/uèaral

uèiral

edür-ün odun-u sayin uèiral 38r

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai 44v

2153
WORD INDEX

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u

uèiral Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar ¯okiyasu(ai 45r

usu široi qoyar uèarabasu egüride aqu-yin uèiral 46r

(al široi qoyar uèarabasu tüleküi-yin uèiral 46r

usu (al qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün uèiral bui 46r

uèaral

odun ba na(šidar-un uèaral 2v

edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküy-yin uèaral boluyu 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an ölji qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral

bolumui 44v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui 45r

qoyar široi uèirabasu šidei bütüküi-yin uèaral 45v

qoyar usu uèarabasu rašiyan uèaral 45v

qoyar (al uèarabasu delgereküi-yin uèaral 45v

qoyar kei uèarabasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral 45v

(al kei qoyar uèarabasu yeke küèütü uèaral 46r

široi kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü uèaraqu uèaral bui 46r

usu kei qoyar uèarabasu ülü ¯okiqu uèaral 46r

beri-yi ülü abqu odun na(šidar-un uèaral ene bui 52r

uèiral-i

odun ¯il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uèiral-<y>i il(a¯u bièisügei 46r

2154
WORD INDEX

uèaral-i

na(šidar-un sayin ma(u uèaral-<y>i eyin uqa(daqui 45v

ene uèaral-i sayitur ü¯igdeküi 46r

uèiral-iyar

egüride-yin uèiral-iyar ürgül¯ide ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 46r

küèün tegüs uèiral-iyar öl¯i-dür bolumui 46r

ülü uèiraqu uèiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r

ülü ¯okiqu uèiral-iyar ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui olgiqui üiles-dür

sayin 46r

tüleküi-yin uèiral-iyar ¯obalang-i törögülüyü 46r

uèaral-iyar

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar tüleküi uèaral-iyar bolumui 45r

šidi bütüküi-yin uèaral-iyar küsel bütüyü 45v

rašiyan-u uèaral-iyar amin nasun delgereyü 45v

delgereküi uèaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v

öl¯i qutu( oroši(san-u uèaral-iyar sedkigsen bütüyü 45v

ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r

odun na(šidar tusbüri sayin bögesü aèi ür-e-yin uèaral-iyar bolumui 46r

¯il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uèaral-iyar bui 46v

uèiral-un

edür-lu(-a [=edür-lüge] odun qamtudu(san-iyar uèiral-un sayin

2155
WORD INDEX

ma(u-yi bièisügei 44r

uèaral-un

qorin naiman na(šidar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ul¯u

uèaral-un sayin ma(u-i üjekü kürdün ene bui 21r

¯il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uèaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(a¯u bièisügei 48r

uda(an

uda(an

¯i(ulèilabasu yabudal uda(an bolqu 35r

Udaribadaribad/Udaribadaripad

Udaribadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v,

52r, 53r, 59r, 59v

Udarbadaribad na(šidar 31v

èinu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(èi Udaribadaribad buyu 33v

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .]

sayin 37r

süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .]Udaribadaribad [. . .]

sayin 37v

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan ede

dolo(an na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v

Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden usun

bui 61r

2156
WORD INDEX

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar Luu edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v

mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v

èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edür-ün sayin inu [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .]

sayin 48v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 51r

tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udaribadaripad [. . .] sayin 55v

debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 55v

em neyilegülküi sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 56r

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-ün odun bui.

ükügsed-ün nom-du [...] 60v

qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman

na(šidar bui. umara Udaribadaribad kiged Ašavani qoyar 60v

Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun

èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r

Udaribadaribad-dur

Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r

Udaribalguni/Udarabalguni

Udaribalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r,

53r, 59r, 59v

Udaribalguni sara

2157
WORD INDEX

Enedk[e]g-ün Èa(-un kürdüèin-dür qaburun terigün Udaribalguni

sara 9r

Udaribalguni na(šidar

o(tar(ui-tur Udaribalguni na(šidar-iyar ör geyimü 9r

Udaribalguni na(šidar kemebesü tngri-ner-ün na(šidar 27v

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edür kemebesü. [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .]

sayin 37r

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür kemebesü

[. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37r

süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .]

sayin 37r

süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür

kemebesü [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37v

na(šidar-un sayin inu [. . .]Udaribalguni [. . .] odun edür qutu(

oroši(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan keš[i]g nemeyü 37v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an rašiyal uèiral bolai. [. . .]

Altan odun Burvabalguni Udaribalguni qoyar 44v

Ašivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margišar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(šidar key-yin èinar bui 45v

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al

bui 61r

2158
WORD INDEX

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar Noqai edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v

èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 48v

basa bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu.

[. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 56v

Šuša( Ašuvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui. dayisun-a ¯ol(obasu

sayin 60v

dörben tan odun kemebesü Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar 61r

Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden dörben odun

èingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r

Udaribalguni-dur

Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v

Udarisad/Udarasad

Udarisad 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r,

59v

Udarisad na(šidar 30r

dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu èola abqu sayin edür kemebesü

[. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37r

süm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .]

sayin 37v

süm-e keyid ba nom burqan šitügen-i qutu( oroši(ulqu sayin edür

2159
WORD INDEX

kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37v

Rôkini Èista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(šidar široy-yin èinar bui 45v

Anurad Èistan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r

Burvasad Udarisad qoyar Üker edür uèirabasu ma(u 46v

mör (arqu edürün sayin kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v

èireg mordaqu edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 51r

tariyan tariqu sayin edür kemebesü [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 55v

debel qubèasun eskeküi edürün sayin [. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 55v

[. . .] Udarisad [. . .] šin-e debel emüsbesü sayin 56r

basa bièig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroši(ulun toyin bolqu edürün sayin anu.

[. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 56v

Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad bütügekü-yin odun bui. abqu kümün-ü

üiles-dü sayin 60v

qorin naiman na(šidar-<y>i il(abasu öl¯i qutu( oroši(san naiman

na(šidar bui. örön-e Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar 60v

Udarisad-dur

Udarisad-dur köbegün aèinar olan bolumui 38r

udq-a

udq-a-yi

2160
WORD INDEX

kedber merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesügei kemebesü 6v

udurid-

uduridbasu 24r

¯üg uduridbasu 23v

örön-e ¯üg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 22r

örön-e ¯üg èereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 23r

umara doron-a èereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 24v

tabun quya(-du kümün-iyer uduridbasu 23v

èirig uduridbasu 40r

uduridu(ad

Modun odun-iyar uduridu(ad 2r

uduri(ul-

uduri(ulbasu 34v

uduri(ulsun

uduri(ulsun

abašig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v

udusq-a

udusq-a

erlig-üd-ün udusq-a 28v

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui üiles ügegüü duta(uu bol(a(èi (odun) 33v, 33v

u(tu-

2161
WORD INDEX

u(tubasu

beri abubasu u(tubasu 29r

u(tu(èi

u(tu(èi-yin

u(tu(èi-yin ¯il 52v

u(uu-/uu(u-

u(uubasu/uu(ubasu

em u(uubasu 26v

em uu(ubasu 36r

darusun uu(ubasu 57r

u(uuqu

em ülü u(uuqu 56v

u(uuta

u(uuta

niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egürügsen beri bui bügüdedü ma(u 54r

ugiya-

ugiyabasu

biy-e ugiyabasu 21v, 21r, 23r, 26v, 41v

ugiya(ad

qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v

ugiya¯u

2162
WORD INDEX

(ar ni(ur-iyan ugiya¯u 4v

ugiyaqui

qong keriy-e ugiyaqui èisun oromui 9r

ugiyaqui èoga üiledbesü 31r

ugiya(èi

ugiya(èi

ni(ur ugiya(èi 52v

ukila-

ukila

buu ukila öni ülü usadqu 34v

ula(an

ula(an

ula(an debel 4v, 21v, 22v, 34r

ula(an altatu debel 34v

ula(an kegeri 21v

ula(an èimeg 21v

ula(an (ajar 22v

ula(an ša¯a(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

ula(an ša¯a(ai kemekü ma(u edür 48r

ula(an ša¯a(ai mör (arbasu ma(u 49r

qur-a ese orobasu ula(an salkin bolumui 11r

2163
WORD INDEX

ula(an nara 39v

qariqui edürün beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r

ula(an sa

(a¯ar-un e¯ed èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r

ula(an aa üsüg

arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg bui 20r

ula(an üsüg 47v

ula(an dusul 40r

baling do(šin güikü edürün belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v

(urbal¯in ula(an

ügegürügülügèi edürün belge (urbal¯in ula(an bui 20v

ula(an ¯ögebüri qaškiraqu 27v

ula(an quma( 60r

šara ula(an quma( 60r

ula(an-dur

ene (urban kürdün-i ula(an-dur bolbasu sayin 51v

ulam

ulam

edür söni qoyar-<y>i ulam ne¯iged ne¯iged möèi-ber nemekü 5v

ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe qoyin-a edür ulam urtudumui 6r

¯un-u nara bayiqu egün-eèe qoyin-a [šöni] ulam urtuddumui 6v

2164
WORD INDEX

qar-a to(o(an-aèa ulam öèügüked-ün ada adalamui 26v

ulari-

ularibasu

nutu( ularibasu 34v, 43v

ulari(ad

Kitad-un to(oèin-u Bus sar-a (a¯ar-un ene oron ulari(ad to(osun bari¯u

Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terigün sar-a bol(a¯u šinelemüi 3r

ularu

ularu

ularu šiba(un qoršiyalamui 15r

ulus

ulus-dur

nara sara ükübesü tere ulus-dur (aši(un ¯obalang-dur ayul bolqu 27r

ulus-un

(a¯ar ködelbesü ulus-un noyan ükükü 27v

(anèa önöèin ulus-un e¯in odun 59r

Uma

Uma

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun 32v

umar-a

umar-a 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 13r, 13v, 13v,

2165
WORD INDEX

13v, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17r, 17v, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19r, 19r,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 58v/umara 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 50r, 50r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 60v

doron-a umar-a 10r, 13v, 14r, 18r/doron-a umara 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 55v

umar-a doron-a 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

40r/umara doron-a 10v, 10v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 17v, 17v, 24v, 40r, 40r,

40v, 40v, 40v, 54r

örön-e umar-a 9r, 10v, 10v, 11r, 12v, 13r, 16v, 17r, 54r/örön-e umara 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 13v, 16v, 24r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v, 55v

umar-a ¯üg/umara ¯üg 23v, 26r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 32r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 49v,

50v, 53v

nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a ¯üg odqui-dur nara ke¯iy-e bayiqu

tende qošiyad qošiyad qono( tasuramui 3r

nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg urba¯u 5v

nara umar-a ¯üg odqu-yin eèüs-dür kürügsen šaji edür düli

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u següder ügei bolumui 6r

2166
WORD INDEX

naran umara ¯üg odqui ¯ir(u(an sara 37v

nara emüneši odqui ba umar-a odqu 5v

nara emüneši odqui ba. umar-a odqu èa(-daki dörben qono(

tasuraqui 3v

ada(usun ¯ibqarabasu nökögesün debeltü köke èarai-du ba nöröge èirai-tu

isün kümün umara emün-e abèu odba 22r

umara-aèa

umara-aèa emün-e ¯üg güimüi 42r

umara-yin

öröne umara-yin ši¯im odun 59r

umartamta(ai

umartamta(ai

köbegün töröbesü qudalèi umarta[m]ta(ai ma(u a(ali-tu boluyu 61v

umda(an

umda(an

idegen umda(an uèaraqu 50r, 50r, 50r

una-

una(ad

qa(uèin nabèi una(ad 3r

(a¯ar-dur serigün següder una(ad 14r

una¯u

2167
WORD INDEX

küiten següder una¯u 16r

unamu

tamu-dur unamu 32r

una(an

una(an

una(an sur(abasu 23r, 32r

una(an-iyan

(a¯ar-dur serigün següder una(ad qulan una(an-iyan telèiyemüi 14r

ungši-

ungši

Altan gerel ungši 42v

ungšibasu

nom ungšibasu 25v, 27v

bièig ungšibasu 32r

nom bièibesü ungšibasu 35r

ungšimui

arban qoyar e¯in anu. Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi.

èeng šiu ke bi. kemen ungšimui 35v

mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

saki(èi ebdegèi tüšigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen

ungšimui 35v

2168
WORD INDEX

ungšiqui

Ayuši-yin nom ungšiqui [. . .] üiles 45v

unu-

unu(san

mori(n) unu(san [. . .] (kümün) 4v, 4v, 4v, 5r, 5r, 5r, 24v

üker unu(sun 4v, 5r

unu¯u

morin unu¯u 21v, 22r, 23r, 23r, 23v, 24v, 24v, 39v

qayinu(-dur unu¯u 24r

unuqu

unuqu morin-u ¯üsü 52v

uqa-

uqa(san

tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida Šingq-a sari 1v

uqaju

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqa¯u narin-a ü¯egdeküi buyu 2v

uqaqui

ar(-a uqaqui busu bögesü 2v

uqa(-a

(urban èa(-un uqa(-a 1v

(urban èa(-i uqa(-a inaru ¯ir(alang-yi küsebesü 1v

2169
WORD INDEX

uqa(an

uqa(an sur(abasu 23v, 23v

uqa(an beligtü bolqu 24r

uqa(atu

arban tabun-a yosun medeküi mergen uqa(atu bolumui 56v

uqa(èid

egüni medegèid uqa(èid qamu( amitan-a delgeregülbesü 47v

uqa(da-

uqa(daqui

Kitad-un šastir-aèa uqa(daqui keme¯üküi 2r

tere edür qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v

uèaral-yi eyin uqa(daqui 45v

uqa(sad

uqa(sad

ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa qa(aèi(san-i uqa(sad 1v

uqa(ul-

uqa(ulqui

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(uèa (urban to(-a kiged-yi ari(un takin-a

yamparèilan uqa(ulqui anu 1v

uqu-

uqubasu

2170
WORD INDEX

qada (a¯ar-<y>i uqubasu 23v

urad

urad-tur

(a¯ar ködelbesü urad-dur ma(u 28v

urala-

uralabasu

erdeni terigüten-i uralabasu 61v

uran

uran

(oo-a üges-dür urin [=uran] bolu(ad 61r

köbegün töröbesü oyun qurdun ügen-tür uran 61v

köbegün töröbesü šilu(un aburitu bolu(ad uran böged ¯iran nasulayu 61v

urba-

urba(san

urba(san-aèa

nara urba(san-aèa (urban sar-a bolu(ad edür söni saèu(uu 5v

urba¯u

nara emün-e ¯üg-eèe umar-a ¯üg urba¯u 5v

Burnavasu Suvad'i Širvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urba¯u ülü tübšidkü

obo(-tan buyu 61v

urbaqu

2171
WORD INDEX

ong(oèa deger-e (arbasu urbaqu 47v

urbaqui

nara urbaqui odun 2v

urbal

urbal

urbalügegüy-e to(ala(daqui 5v

ur(u-

ur(u(-a

nara ur(u(-a edügüy-e arban alqum nigen giškim (a¯ar-a kümün-ü öngge

ese tanibasu söni-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

ur(u(san

qara šingpüng güiküi anu. Qubi sarayin Baras Beèin edür nara ur(u(san

qoyin-a güimüi 42r

ur(umui

arban tabun-a luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r

(a¯ar-tur qamu( nabèi ündüsün ur(umui 12r

bu(u-yin eber ur(umui 12r

alim-a güilesü terigüten ¯imis ur(umui 13r

ur(uqui

ur(uquy-yin

¯il ur(uquy-yin terigün-dür šinelekü inu 3r

2172
WORD INDEX

nara ur(uqui èa( 42r, 42v

èerig mordobasu naran ur(uqui èa(-tur morda 21v

Qubi sarayin arban dörben nara ur(uqui èa(-tur arban qoyar

gdanm-a-bar küriyelegül¯ü èi(ulumui 38r

uri-

uribasu

tarni uribasu 25v, 30r, 32r, 34v, 61r

¯irüken tarni uribasu 25v

arvis tarni uribasu 25v

do(šid-un tarni uribasu 34v

nasun[-u tarni] uribasu 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r

egüdügsen isün tngri-yi uribasu 28v

uriqu

¯oèid ülü uriqu 58r

urida

urida 38v, 39r, 41r

sar-a-u urida önggeriged mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(šidar 3v

¯arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui.

¯arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r

ken urida mordobasu tere daruyu 22v

èereg mordobasu söni düli-yin urida morda 24r

2173
WORD INDEX

uridu

uridu 6v, 32v, 32v, 59v

Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun ügey-yin tula arban dörben inu

arban tabun bolumui 3v

qulu(an-a èa(-un uridu dörben möèe mön edür-dür (ada(adu bui 6v

döèin dolo(an on-du saban ügei bögesü uridu qoyitu edür-<y>i tegši

ü¯egdeküi 6v

uriduèilan

uriduèilan

uriduèilan buyu 3v, 3v, 3v

urin

[see under uran]

uriya-

uriya¯u

qara keb-iyer manglai uriya¯u 24v

urtu

urtu

edür söni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v

nasun urtu bolqu 45v, 57v

köbegün töröbesü ebedèinügei nasun urtu bolqu 32r

urtud-

2174
WORD INDEX

urtudqu

urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu 5v

edür söni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r

urtudumui/urtuddumui

ebülün nara bayiqu egü[n]-eèe qoyin-a edür ulam urtudumui 6r

¯un-u nara bayiqu egün-eèe qoyin-a [šöni] ulam urtuddumui 6v

uru(

uru(

okin töröbesü uru( èuqa( 25r

ed mal ¯ibqarabasu uru( tasura(san kümün qula(u¯u amu 26r

Burnavasu na(šidar kemebesü uru( tasura(san na(šidar kemeyü 26r

qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v

ede ¯ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan bolu(ad 54v

qoyar üker ¯iltü uru( èuqa( bayan sayin 54v

qoyar baras ¯iltü uru( cögen bayan sayin 54v

qoyar luu ¯iltü uru( èögen ügegüü bui 54v

qoyar qonin ¯iltü uru( olan bayan sayin 54v

qoyar takiy-a ¯iltü köbegün uru( èuqa( bolu(ad 54v

urusqa-

urusqa¯u

dayisun-u èireg-ün noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bièi¯ü usun-dur urusqa¯u 24v

2175
WORD INDEX

usad-

usadqu

buu ukila öni ülü usadqu 34v

usu(n)

usu(n) 5r, 8r, 9r, 14r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v, 21v, 21v, 22r, 23r, 24v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32v, 36r, 36v,

45v, 47v, 59r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v

usun bari(èid 1v

(a¯ar usun

(a¯ar usun-u e¯id 2v, 39v

(a¯ar usun èöm gesümüi 9r

(a¯ar usun èöm amin nüke kürümüi 18r

(a¯ar usun-aèa ekin eribesü 34v

aman-a (a¯ar usun-i taki 55v

(a¯ar-un sünesü (a¯ar usun-a ba(uqu 58v

usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü ta(alal 3v

usu egürügsen kümün-lüge ¯ol(aqu. 5r

Usun odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

2176
WORD INDEX

45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r

tata(al usun tatabasu [if one draws water into a canal]; 12r

usun šiba(un dalai-dur oro¯u qa(dalamui. 17r

usun-u üiles üiledbesü 19r

usun saèu(ad 21v

usun-u èinar bui 22r, 22v

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( Širvan ede dolo(an

na(šidar usun-u èinar bui 45v

Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Ašivani eden

usun bui 61r

usun-u ki¯a(ar-a ni(u¯u amui 23r

usun širgeyü 30r

usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r

usun-u dolo(an na(šidar 32r

qa(an biy-e-ben kü¯is-ün usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v

usun(-u) galab 33r, 33r

usun suba( tatabasu 36r

usun takil 45v

usu široi qoyar uèarabasu 46r

usu kei qoyar uèarabasu 46r

usu (al qoyar uèarabasu 46r

2177
WORD INDEX

Usun edür

Usun Modun Altan ede edüd sayin 48v

usun maqabud 54r

uu

uu

uu güi

uu güi yile 7v

uu güi edür 7v

uu baras

šim baras sara 7v

šim baras èa( 7v

uu luu

šim luu sara 7v

šim luu èa( 7v

uu morin

šim morin sara 7v

šim morin èa( 7v

uu beèin

šim beèin sara 7v

šim beèin èa( 7v

uu noqai

2178
WORD INDEX

šim noqai sara 7v

šim noqai èa( 7v

uu qulu(an-a

šim qulu(an-a sara 7v

šim qulu(an-a èa( 7v

uu gii/jii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

uu(u-

[see under u(uu-]

uya-

uya¯u

tas ödütü sumun-dur isün ¯üil öngge-dü keb-üd-i uya¯u 32v

tu(-un išin-tü uya¯u 50v

üde-

üdebesü

ber'i ba(ul(abasu üdebesü 27v

okin üdebesü 31v

üdeši

üdeši

üdeši ideši eren güimüi 40r

üdeši x 40r

üdeši-yin

2179
WORD INDEX

üd[e]ši-yin èa(-dur ed-iyen baraqu ma(u bui 56v

üge(n)

üge

ker yeke üge ügülemüi 32v

üge da(un bolqu 50r, 52v

sayin üge sonosqu 50v, 58r

üge da(un uèaram 52v

üge irekü 58r

üge(n)-dür

šabinar üge-dür duralayu 27r

köbegün töröbesü ügen-dür mergen bolu(ad 27v

ügen-tür uran 61v

ügegüre-

ügegürekü

ügegürekü ma(u edür 34v

qota baribasu ügegürekü 41r

ügegüregülegèi/ügegürügülügèi [see also ügeyiregülügèi]

ügegüregülegèi/ügegürügülügèi

ügegürügülügèi edürün belge (urbal¯in ula(an bui 20v

bayan kümün-i ügegüregülegèi odun ali bui 33r

bayan kümün-i ügegürigülügèi Rôkini buyu 33v

2180
WORD INDEX

namurun dumdadu ügegüregülegèi 41r

ügegüü

ügegüü

ügegüü kümün 33r, 33v

ügegüü kümün-i bayan bol(an èidamu 32v

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui üiles ügegüü duta(uu bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33v

ügegüü duta(uu bol(a(èi Barani 33v

qoyar luu ¯iltü uru( èögen ügegüü bui 54v

ügegüy-e

ügegüy-e 39r

endegürelügegüy-e qono( tasura(san-i medeküi kereg 4v

urbalügegüy-e to(ala(daqui 5v

ügei

ügei 6r, 6v, 7r, 16r, 32r, 33r, 38v, 61r

¯ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isün-eèe ilegüü qono( ügei bui

aši( ügei 25v, 34r 3r

ür-e ügei 27r, 33r, 52v, 52v

(abiy-a ügei 27r

tusa ügei 28r, 42r

taèiyang(ui ügei 31r

gem ügei 49v, 49v, 49v, 58v

2181
WORD INDEX

ügey-eèe

sabanügey-eèe bolbasu qarši ¯il tokiyaldumui 7r

ügey-yin

ügey-yin tula(da) 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r

Taulai sara-dur (uèin qono(ügey-yin tula-da 3r

Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun ügey-yin tula arban dörben inu

arban tabun bolumui 3v

ügen

[see under üge(n)]

üges

üges-dür

üges-dür urin bolu(ad 61r

ügeyire-

ügeyirekü

sasa deledbesü ügeyirekü 42r

ügeyiregülügèi [see also ügegüregülegèi]

ügeyiregülügèi

namurun eèüs ügeyiregülügèi sar-a bui 41r

ebülün terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41v

ebülün dumdadu ügeyiregülegèi sara bui 41r

ebülün eèüs ügeyir[e]gülügèi sara bui 41r

2182
WORD INDEX

namurun terigün ügeyiregülügèi sara bui 41r

ügeyiregülügèi qara edür 41v

qamu(-i ügeyiregülügèi qara šimu kememü 42v

bayan kümün-i ügeyiregülügèi odun 59r

ügüle-

ügülegsen

ügülegsen-dür

ede edüd urida ügülegsen-tür adali 39r

arši-narun ügülegsen edür 20r, 47r

ügülekü

köbegün töröbesü qudal ülü ügülekü 61r

ügülemüi

Üker sara-dur arban tabunügei-yin tulada buyu kemen ügülemüi 3v

bombo teyimü nigen kümün sura( ügülemüi 22v

ai okin èi biy-e èinu öèüken bögetel-e ker yeke üge ügülemüi 32c

ügüler-ün/ügülerün 32v

bandida Šingq-a sari ügüler-ün 1v

tere okin ügülerün. bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun buyu 32v

okin qari(uu ügüler-ün/ügülerün 32v, 33r, 33r, 33v, 34r

basa okin ügülerün 33v

ügülesügei

2183
WORD INDEX

arban qoyar ¯ilün sayin ma(u-yi ügülesügei 34r

ügületel-e

qurim qurimlabasu ed tavar ügületel-e ¯a(un amin-dur kürümüi 47v

ügülegèi

èa(an segeretü qara noqai-tai deged doorad ügülegèi em-e kümün 22r

ügüleldü-

ügüleldüyü

eseregü teseregü ügüleldüyü 34r

üi

üi

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi. kemen

ungšimui 35v

üi tü[g]šigèi edür 36v

üile

üile 42r

üile üiledbesü

tariyan-u üile üiledbesü 13v

do(šid-un üile (üiledbesü) 25r, 28r, 29r, 30v

nigen üile qoyar bol(abasu 26v

diyan-u üile üiledbesü 31r

aliba üile ekilebesü 31r

2184
WORD INDEX

nomo(odqaqui üile üiledbesü 31v

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui üile 33v

üile baribasu 35r

qari(ulqu-yin üile üiledbesü 35v

amin saki(ulsun üile üiledbesü 35v

èa(an üile qara bolumui 42v

küèütü üile üiledbesü 45r

èoga-yin üile 45v

üile bütükü 49v, 58r, 58r

üile bolqu 57r

kimuraqu üile bo[l]qu 57r

ükül-ün yasun ü¯ekü üile bolqu 57r

ayuqu üile bolqu 58r

ayul-du üile bolqu 58v

üile-dür

qoyar ¯aya(an-u üile-dür (abiy-a ügei bolumui 27r

amitu ba ükügsen qoyar-un üile-dür sayin 29v

kümün-ü aliba üiled-dür sayin bui 31r

üiled-

üiled

buu üiled 34v

2185
WORD INDEX

do(šin üiles buu üiled 38r

amurling(ui sayin üiles buu üiled 41v

sayin üiles buu üiled 41v, 48v

buyan-du üiles buu üiled 45r

aliba üiles buu üiled 48r

ya(un buu üiled 56r

üiledbesü 48r

üile üiledbesü

tariyan-u üile üiledbesü 13v

do(šid-un üile üiledbesü 25r, 29r, 30v

diyan-u üile üiledbesü 31r

nomo(odqaqui üile üiledbesü 31v

qari(ulqu-yin üile üiledbesü 35v

amin saki(ulsun üile üiledbesü 35v

küèütü üile üiledbesü 45r

üiles(-i) üiledbesü

üiles üiledbesü 26r

usun-u üiles üiledbesü 19r

ma(u üiles üiledbesü 19r

dayisun(-i) daruqu üiles üiledbesü 23v, 26v, 31r

dayisun-i daruqu üiles-yi üiledbesü 29r

2186
WORD INDEX

yampar ba üiles üiledbesü 31v

daru(ulqui-yin üiles üiledbesü 35v

do(šid-un üiles üiledbesü 35v

aliba üiles üiledbesü 37r

(aliba) do(šin üiles üiledbesü 38r, 39r, 39r

aliba sayin üiles üiledbesü 43r, 44v

sayin üiles üiledbesü 44v

buyan-du sayin üiles üiledbesü 45r

kelinèitü üiles üiledbesü bütükü 45r

buyan üiledbesü 21v, 23r, 23v, 26r, 32r, 34r, 35r

ükügsen-dür buyan üiledbesü 21v, 22v, 25v, 29v, 30v

ükügsen kümün-dü(r) buyan üiledbesü 31r, 32r

nom buyan üiledbesü 24r

èoga(-yi) üiledbesü

luus-un qad-un èoga üiledbesü 22r

tngri-nerün èoga-yi üiledbesü 30v

ugiyaqui èoga üiledbesü 31r

buyan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü 23r

saki(ulsun üiledbesü 23r, 26v, 28r, 28v, 29r

aliba burqan-u èi(ul(an üiledbesü 26v

alaqu nitulquy-yi üiledbesü 28r

2187
WORD INDEX

kereg ¯asal üiledbesü 30v

burqan-tur aliba takil üiledbesü 31v

buyan ¯oli( üiledbesü 31v

buyan qurim üiledbesü 31v

amin(-u) saki(ulsun üiledbesü 34r, 36r, 36v

amin(-u) ¯oli( saki(ulsun üiledbesü 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r

(al-un takil üiledbesü 34v

qa(uèin-dur üiledbesü 37v

tegüni da(an üiledbesü 40r

ya(un sedke¯ü üiledbesü 47v

ger bürikü üiledbesü 47v

üiledkü

üiles üiledkü 2r

aliba üiles ülü üiledkü 24v, 42v

üiledkü-dü

nom buyan üiledkü-dü sayin 60v

üiledküi

taulai üiledküi 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v

kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r

2188
WORD INDEX

amin saki(ulsun üiledküi 46r

üiledküi-dür

qooritu üiles üiledküi-dür sayin bui 15v

üiledte-

üiledteküi

sarayin šinede üiledteküi buyu 37v

üiledügèi

üiled-dügèi kümün 39r

üiles

üiles 60v

šitün barildaqui üiles 1v

üiles üiledkü 2r

erkedür oro(ulqui keèiyeküi üiles 13r

qooritu üiles üiledküi-dür sayin bui 15r

amurling(ui üiles keyibesü 18r

usun-u üiles üiledbesü 19r

ma(u üiles üiledbesü 19r

dayisun(-i) daruqu üiles üiledbesü 23v, 26v, 31r

aliba üiles (ülü) üiled- 24v, 37r, 42v

üiles üiledbesü 26r

yampar ba üiles üiledbesü 31v

2189
WORD INDEX

do(šid-un üiles 32r

do(šid-un üiles üiledbesü 35v

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui üiles 33v

daru(ulqui-yin üiles üiledbesü 35v

qutu( oroši(ulqu üiles 38r

(aliba) do(šin üiles üiledbesü 38r, 39r, 39r

do(šin üiles buu üiled 38r

do(šin üiles 40r, 45r

amurling(ui sayin üiles buu üiled 41v

sayin üiles buu üiled 41v, 48v

(ayila(daqu üiles 42r

qamu( ma(u üiles ¯ayilaqu 42v

(aliba) sayin üiles üiledbesü 43r, 44v, 44v

buyan-du sayin üiles üiledbesü 45r

buyan-du üiles buu üiled 45r

kelinèitü üiles üiledbesü bütükü 45r

qan kümün üiles bütükü 45v

busu-ber öndür bütükü üiles sayin 45v

buliyan qula(ai-u [=yin] üiles 46r

aliba üiles sedübesü 46v

aliba üiles buu üiled 48r

2190
WORD INDEX

üiles bütükü 49v, 50r, 50v, 50v

aliba üiles bütükü 50r, 50r

(abiy-a-du üiles bütükü 50r

aliba üiles egün-eèe ¯ayila(daqu 58v

üiles sedübesü 61r

öndör bütügekü üiles sayin 61r

išiten tübšidkü üiles sayin 61r

amurling(ui üiles sayin 61r

üiles-i

dayisun-i daruqu üiles-i üiledbesü 29r

dayisun-i daruqu üiles-i egün-lüge [n]ököèibesü 42v

aliba üiles-i tegün-eèe ¯ayila(daqui 43r

sayin üiles-i èigerle 59r

üiles-tü

busud-<y>i doroyita(ulqui üiles-dü 46r

abqu kümün-ü üiles-dü sayin 60v

üiles-tür 25v

yabuqu sa(uqu üiles-dür sayin 23v

aq-a kümün-ü üiles-dür sayin 30r

do(šid-un üiles-tür sayin 34v

ede üiles-dür ma(u 35v

2191
WORD INDEX

ede üiles-dür sayin 36r

yertinèü-yin üiles-dür adali busu bolai 38r

do(šin üiles-dür sayin 41v

aliba do(šin qata(uu üiles-dür sayin 45r

amurling(ui üiles-dür ma(u 45r

ašida-yin üiles-dür sayin 45v

nasun urtu bolqu üiles-tür sayin 45v

qutu( (uyuqui üiles-dür sayin 45v

ergüküi üiles-dür sayin 46r

amurling(ui delgereküi-yin erke-yin üiles-dür sayin 46r

adu(usun ögküi üiles-dür sayin 46r

olgiqui üiles-dür sayin 46r

qoor neyilegülküi üiles-dür sayin 46r

aliba üiles-dür sayin 47r, 57v

aliba üiles-dür maši sayin 57v

aliba üiles-dür ma(u 48r

aliba do(šin üiles-dür sayin 61v

ülü tübšidkü üiles-dür sayin 61v

buyantu üiles-dür sayin 61v

üiles-ün

üiles-ün sayin ma(u 46r

2192
WORD INDEX

ü¯e-

ü¯e

iro-a buu ü¯e 34r

nutu( buu ü¯e 34v

egün-i tus ü¯e 50r

tusbüri ü¯e 50r

ene arban qoyar ner-e-yi tuslan ü¯e 50v

ede odun na(šidar tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯e 52r

ede önggetü ¯il orobasu ¯iran ¯üil il(a¯u ü¯e 52r

ü¯ebesü

belge inu nigen nidün-iyer ü¯ebesü 3v

teyin ese ü¯ebesü 4r

bügüde-yin to(alal nigen yosutu bol(an ü¯ebesü 4r

dolo(an qubitu modun-i tübšin (a¯ar-a bayi(ulju ü¯ebesü 6r

ü¯egtün

aliba sarayin mör (arqu edür-i tngri-yin ene kürdün ü¯egtün 49v

ü¯e¯ü

ai qa(an narin-a ü¯e¯ü gün-e ono¯u medegdeküi 34r

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü 42v

ü¯ekü

sayin ma(u il(al-i ü¯ekü anu 46v

2193
WORD INDEX

arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u edür-yi ü¯ekü anu 47r

mör (arqu edür-ün sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün bui 49v

arban qoyar edür-ün mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin ma(u-yi ü¯ekü kürdün 50r

sayin-i ü¯ekü 50r

arban qoyar èa(-un mör (arqu ¯üg-ün sayin-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50r

arban qoyar edür èa(-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v

dolo(an gara( odun-u mör (arqu ¯üg-un sayin ma(u-i ü¯ekü kürdün 50v

okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ü¯ekü kürdün bui 51r

¯il-ün öngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ü¯ikü kürdün ene bui 52r

lii külil tngri-yin noqai ede-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg-dü bolai 52r

gara( odun ¯il saran edür èa( kiged-i keèiyen ü¯ekü kereg bolai 54v

er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ü¯ekü anu 54v

qulu(an-a edür iro-a ülü ü¯ekü 57r

ükül-ün yasun ü¯ekü üile bolqu 57r

ü¯eküi

saban sara-dur odun na(šidar ü¯eküi bui bögesü 4r

ü¯emüi

qorin tabun-a Sara-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ul¯u belge ü¯imüi 19r

ü¯egde-

ü¯egdekü

ene yosu(ar ü¯egdekü 3r

2194
WORD INDEX

ü¯egdeküi

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqa¯u narin-a ü¯egdeküi buyu 2v

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(šidar-i il(a¯u ü¯edgeküi 3v

tere sara-yi qoyar ta ü¯egdeküi buyu 4r

qono( tasuraqui nigen ¯üg-iyer ülü bol(an kièiyen ü¯egdeküi 4r

egüni narin-a ü¯egdeküi 6v

uridu qoyitu edür-yi tegši ü¯egdeküi 6v

ene uèaral-i sayitur ü¯igdeküi 46r

(urban kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 48v

tabun dagini-yin mör (arqu edür-yi ene kürdün-dür ü¯egdeküi 49v

ede okin-u ¯il bui tokiyaldu(ul¯u ü¯egdeküi 51r

em-e abqu er-e kümün-ü nasun ü¯egdeküi 53r

ü¯egül-

ü¯egül

iši buu ü¯igül 33v, 34r

ü¯egülbe

to(an-u aè'i ür-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggüi ü¯igülbe [=ü¯egülbe] 1v

ü¯egülbesü 34r

iši ü¯igülbesü 28r

ebedèin-i ü¯igülbesü 36r

ü¯egülügsen

2195
WORD INDEX

yeke riddi qubil(an ü¯egülügsen buyan-tu sara bolai 8r

ü¯egülügèi

Manjušari bodisü[n]g inü . . . to(-a terigüten-i ü¯egülügèi buyu 2r

nigen em-e-yi isün er-e-yin ni(ur ü¯igülegèi Anurad buyu 34r

kümün-i isün qa(an-i ü¯egülügèi Abiji buyu 34r

ü¯esküleng

ü¯esküleng-tü

köbegün töröbesü ü¯eskülentü bolu(ad 25r

köbegün töröbesü ü¯esküleng-tü ba(atur tegüs ¯ir(alang-du boluyu 25v

ü¯ügür

ü¯ügür-tü

(anèa ü¯ügür-dü sedkil 1v

ü¯ügürke-

ü¯ügürkeküi

okid ü¯ügürkeküi èa( bui 15r

üker

üker

Üker sara 19r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uèin qono( bui bögetel-e Üker sara-dur arban

tabunügei 3v

2196
WORD INDEX

ding üker sara 7v

gi üker sara 7v

šin üker sara 7v

küi üker sara 7v

ii üker sara 7v

Töbedün-dür Üker sar-a 19r

Üker èa( 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v

ding üker èa( 7v

gi üker èa( 7v

šin üker èa( 7v

küi üker èa( 7v

ii üker èa( 7v

Üker (edür) 8r, 8r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 19r, 34r, 34v,

37r, 37r, 37v, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v,

48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v

Üker ¯il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v

üker ¯iltü 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v

üker ¯ilten 54r, 54v

üker ötelküi üküküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

[13v], 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

2197
WORD INDEX

18v, 19v, 19v, 19v

šitügen-ü eke Üker (a¯ar-a 9r

üker unu(san 5r

qoyar yaba(an üker unu(sun [. . .] kümün 4v

Üker-ün ger

nara Üker-ün ger-dür oro(san 11r

nara Üker-ün ger-dür oro(san-u tula üker qurièaqui sar-a bui 11r

üker ebesün-eèe (al-du qoroqai törömüi 13r

üker sur(abasu 28v

üker abubasu 31v

tariyan taribasu üker üküyü 34r

üker-i

nigen üker-i ¯a(un bol(a(èi odun ali bui 33r

nigen üker-<y>i ¯a(un bol(a(èi Rôkini buyu 33v

üker-lüge

Qulu(an-a Üker-lu(-a [=üker-lüge] Nara Saran 'al Široi ede dörben odun

uèarabasu 46r

üker-tü

noqai ¯iltü-yi ükertü buu ög 54v

üker-ün 59r

Üker sar-a mön-ü tula. üker-ün bey-e qala(un bol¯u ebesün èiddlan

2198
WORD INDEX

idemüi 19r

üker-ün üsün mör (arbasu ma(u 49r

ükü-

ükübesü 28v, 29r, 30r

kümün ükübesü 22v, 25r, 26r, 26r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 31v, 41v

nara sara ükübesü 27r, 32r

qorin naiman nasun-a ese ükübesü ¯iran nasulayu 61v

ükügsen

ükügsen-dür

ükügsen-dür buyan üiledbesü 22v, 29v

ükügsen-tür tüliši ögbesü 29r

ükügsen-i

okin kümün ükügsen-i sonostaqu 57v

ükügsen-ü

ötegü ükügsen-ü gerte-eèe morin qudaldubasu 31r

ükügsen kümün 24v

ükügsen kümün-e tüliši ögbesü 26v

ükügsen kümün-dür tüliši ögbesü 29r

ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi 27r

ükügsen kümün-dü(r) buyan üiledbesü 31r, 32r

ükügsen kümün-i [=kümün-ü] yasun (ar(abasu 35v

2199
WORD INDEX

ükügsen kümün-e ya(um-a kibesü 44r

amidu ba ükügsen qoyar-un üile 29v

ükükü

ükükü edür 27v

ükükü edürün belge inu doro(ši qandu(san erdini bui 20r

ulus-un noyan ükükü 27v

usun-dur ükükü ¯aya(atu bui 31r

e¯in inu ükükü 35r

èereg-ün noyan ükükü 40r

beri ba(ul(abasu ükükü 40r

kümün ükükü 40r, 41r

¯irüken metü amara( köbegün ükükü 42r

bey-e inu ükükü 50r, 50r

ede ükükü beri bui ma(u 52r

em-e abubasu qa(aèiqu ükükü ma(u bui 53r

arban kümün-eèe isün kümün-i ükükü maši ma(u edür bui 53v

qan kümün törö¯ü ükükü odun 59r

kümün ükükü ger baribasu 60r

¯a(u qono(-du ükükü 60r

üküküi

ötelküi üküküi 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

2200
WORD INDEX

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar üküküi ma(u uèaral bolumui 45r

ükümüi

degerükei sedkilten ükümüi 28v

köbegün töröbesü em-e-lüge-ben ülü ¯okildun bo(o¯u ükümüi 30v

(a¯ar ködelbesü usun elbeg bol¯u amitan usun-dur ükümüi 31v

üküyü

kümün üküyü 26r, 43r

¯ir(u(an kümün üküyü 25r

köbegün töröbesü eèige inu üküyü 29v

üker üküyü 34r

morin (inu) üküyü 34r, 35r

burqan-u e¯in mese-dür üküyü 34v

üküger

üküger

üküger qara ¯arudasun odun 59r

üküger-i

üküger-i nomo(adqabasu 46v

üküger-ün

üküger-ün qan

2201
WORD INDEX

üküger-ün qan ada adalamui 26r

üküger-ün sünesün 35v

üküger-ün yasun ¯asabasu 36v

üküger-ün abdara kibesü 37r

üküger-ün èidköd

üküger-ün èidköd-i darubasu 48v

ükügsed

ükügsed-tür

ükügsed-dür buyan üiledbesü 21v, 25v, 30v

ükügsed-dür tüliši buu ög 26r

ükügsed-ün

ükügsed-ün yasun (ar(abasu tüliši ögbesü 28v

ükügsed-ün nom-du 60v

ükül

ükül

ükül ada uèaraqu 50r, 50r

ükül-ün

ükülün e¯en 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

Üker ükülün e¯en 8r

ükül-ün na(šidar 30v

ükül-ün segül 41r

2202
WORD INDEX

ükül-ün segül tasulbasu 32r

ükül-ün segül ülü tasuriyu 34r

usu (al qoyar uèarabasu ükül-ün uèiral bui 46r

ükülün uèaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r

ükül-ün yasun ü¯ekü üile 57r

Burvabalguni Širvan Mul Barani ükül-ün odun bui 60v

ülde-

üldebesü

eliy-e üldebesü 27r

üle-

ülegsen

ülegsen-i

üligsen-i [=ülegsen-i] saban sara bolumui 5r

üligsen [=ülegsen] ¯ir(u(an edür-<y>i nigedbesü 6v

ülemüi

¯ir(u(an edür ülemüi 6v, 6v, 6v

ülem¯i

ülem¯i 54r

ülem¯i ¯ir(alang-du bolumui 52v

ülü

ülü 4v, 7r, 18r, 20r, 23r, 24v, 24v, 24v, 27r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30v, 34r, 34r, 34v,

2203
WORD INDEX

34v, 35v, 35v, 35v, 37v, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 42r, 42v, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 47v, 47v,

47v, 47v, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 51v, 52r, 52r, 52v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 54v, 56r,

56v, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r,

58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v

edür ülü tasuraqu 3v

saban sar-a-yi ülü meden 4r

aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r

qono( tasuraqui nigen ¯üg-iyer ülü bol(an kièiyen ü¯egdeküi 4r

ülü sedükü 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 47v

ündüsün

ündüsün

Manjušari-aèa ündüsün dandris ba šastir-nu(ud-tur 1v

Manjušari-yin ündüsün dandris-dur nomlar-un 2r

ebesün-ü ündüsün kökemüi 2r

Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün 3r

(a¯ar-tur qamu( nabèi ündüsün ur(umui 12r

ündüsün-dür

Keriy-e-yin ündüsün-dür nomla(san 56v

ündüsün-eèe

Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün-eèe . . . ¯okiyabai 2v

ündüsün-ü

2204
WORD INDEX

ündüsün-ü gešigün-i nigülesküi gara( 2r

ündüsün-ü yosu(ar 37v

ed-ün ündüsün erke-yi bütügeküi 45v

ünegen

ünegen 59r

ünegen metü ma(u 27v

ünemle-

ünemleküi

ünemleküy-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aèa 1v

ünen

ünen nom-un kürdün 13r

dolo(an odun-i ünen-iyer aril(an to(oladaqui 24v

ünesün

modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v

üniy-e

üniyen-ü 59r

ür-e

ür-e

aèi ür-e

aèi ür-e inu ülü bütüyü 4r

aèi ür-e inu maši yeke bol[u]yu 38r

2205
WORD INDEX

aèi ür-e inu modun tülegsen ünesün-dür adali bolumui 44v

aèi ür-e inu maši sayin bolumui 44v

aèi ür-e inu küsel-iyer bolumui 44v

aèi ür-e bütükü 46r

ür-e tariyan

ür-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemüi 9r

ür-e tariyan ögbesü 30r

ür-e saèubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 32r

ür-e saèuqui 45v

ür-e ügei (kümün)

ür-e ügei kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 27r

ür-e-ügei kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun 33r

ür-e-ügei bol- 52v, 52v

qan kümün-i ür-e alda(ula(èi 33r, 33v

ür-e tasulu(èi (odun) 34r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 59r

ür-e tasura- 41v, 52v, 52v, 61r

ür-e inu ülü bayimui 34v

ür-e sadun

ür-e sadun-aèa qa(aèi(ulqui 46r

ür-e sadun qa(aèiqu 46v

ür-e sadun delgereged 52v

2206
WORD INDEX

qoyitu ür-e (uyiranèi bolumui 47v

qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e inu bayan bolu(ad 47v

ür-e mal delgerekü sayin 52r

ür-e èuqa( 52r

ür-e-tei

ür-e-ügei kümün-i ür-e-tei bol(a(èi odun 33r

ür-e-yi

to(an-u aè'i ür-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggüi ü¯igülbe 1v

ür-e-yin

aèi ür-e-yin uèaral-iyar bolumui 46r

qoyitu ür-e-yin ür-e inu bayan bolu(ad 47v

ürgül¯i

ürgül¯i

ürgül¯i seèig

qoyar odun-u düri inu ürgül¯i seèig metü bui 31r

ürgül¯ide

ürgül¯ide 52v

saban sar-a-yi ülü meden ürgül¯ide to(alabasu sayin ma(u aèi ür-e inu

ülü bütüyü 4r

egüride-yin uèiral-iyar ürgül¯ide ¯ir(alang-tu bolumui 46r

üsken

2207
WORD INDEX

üsken

üsken qur-a

üsken qur-a oromui 11r

üsken qur-a-yin èa( 14r

boro(an orobasu üsken bolqu 61r

üsü(n)

üsün

¯ir(u(an odun-u düri inu üsün düyilü(èi tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r

(urban odun-u düri inu görögesün-ü qan-u terigün-ü üsün metü bui 30r

üker-ün üsün

üker-ün üsün mör (arbasu ma(u 49r

üsün kir(abasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v

üsün x 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r

üsün-i

ede èa(tur üsün-i samla 51r

üsün-iyen

nigen kümün üsün-iyen ¯ayidèu 24r

üsüg

üsüg

qara sa üsüg

qariqui edürün belge inu qara sa üsüg bui 20r

2208
WORD INDEX

ula(an aa üsüg

arši-narun ügülegsen edürün belge ula(an aa üsüg bui 20r

ula(an üsüg bui 47v

qara jva üsüg

do(šin edürün belge inu qara jva üsüg bui 20r

qara jii üsüg

šingbüng güikü edürün belge qara jii üsüg bui 20v

qara ji üsüg

qara šingpüng-yin [=šingpüng-ün] belge inu qara ji üsüg bui 42v

qara ging üsüg

ginggang ideši erikü edürün belge qara ging üsüg bui 20v

üsüg-dür

Kitad üsüg-dür. ¯an èuu man bing. ding gi pô üi. èeng šiu ke bi.

kemen ungšimui 35v

mong(ol üsüg-dür e¯ilegèi aril(a(èi dügürügèi tübšidkegèi to(ta(èi

saki(èi ebdegèi tüšigèi bütügèi quriya(èi negegegèi qa(a(èi kemen

ungšimui 35v

vaèir

vaèir 38r

naiman ayima( èi(ul'qu edürün belge inu vaèir bui 20r

¯arimdu( vaèir 38r

2209
WORD INDEX

qariqui edürün belge inu ¯arimdu( vaèir bui 20r

dörben odun-u düri vaèir metü bui 31r

Vima

Vima

bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neretü qatun buyu 32v

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun degedü Uma neretü (adasun kiged Vim-a

neretü qoyar odun bui 32v

Vim-a neretü qatun ¯üge iši buu ü¯igül 33v

Vim-a neretü qatun Qasta buyu 34r

tngri-yin Vim-a neretü degedü qa(an (a¯ar-un qara qarèa(ai kemekü

qoyar-aèa törögsen köbegün inu (a¯arun e¯in qa(an kemegdeyü 39v

vimading

vimading

vimading kemekü edür mör (arbasu sayin 49v

yaa(š-a

[see also under ya(šas]

yaa(š-a-yin

Usun odun kemebesü yaa(š-a-un [=yaa(š-a-yin] qa(an-u gara( büküy-yin

tula. usun èinar bui 22v

yaba(an

yaba(an

2210
WORD INDEX

qoyar yaba(an üker 4v

yabu-

yabu

buu yabu 50r, 53r

yabubasu

degerem qula(ai yabubasu 34r

¯i(ulèin yabubasu 41r

yeke negüdel yabubasu 41v

yabumui

¯obalang(-un) tngri yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r

köbegün töröbesü eneleküi ¯obalang-iyar qoqui kemen ¯oba¯u yabumui 47v

nara sara-lu(-a saèa(u yabumui 55r

¯i(ulèin ülü yabumui 60v

yabuqu

aliba yabuqu sa(uqu üiles 23v

yabuqu mör 24r

¯obalang-un tngri yabuqu edür 56v

yabuqui

gara( ba yabuqui odun bügüde-yi ¯i(a¯u ögsügei 32v

degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui 61v

2211
WORD INDEX

yabudal

yabudal 55r

qorin naiman na(šidar-un yabudal eyin bui 24v

¯i(ulèilabasu yabudal uda(an bolqu 35r

qara šingpüng-ün yabudal 42r

tngri-yin noqai-yin yabudal 55v

yabu(èi

yabu(èi

Qasta na(šidar kemebesü qurdun yabu(èi na(šidar kemeyü 28r

dumda büküi-yi to(orin yabu(èi odun ali bui 32v

a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(èi odun ali bui 32v

yabu(ul-

yabu(ulbasu

ong(oèa yabu(ulbasu 36v

ya(šas

[see also under yaa(š-a]

ya(šas-un

ya(šas-un ayima(-ud-iyar küriyelegül¯ü 38v, 38v

ya(um-a

ya(um-a

qara ya(um-a bari(san em-e 5r

2212
WORD INDEX

ya(um-a kibesü 44r

ya(un

ya(un 56r

ya(un ba

ya(un ba abubasu 25r, 28v

ya(un ber

ya(unber ülü taki(daqu 57r

ya(un èidamu 32v

ya(un sedke¯ü üiledbesü 47v

ya(un-u

ya(un-u tula 2r, 55r

yal-a

yal-a

yal-a yangqa qa(albasu 23r

yal-a-dur

qula(ai kibesü yal-a-dur oroqu 41r

yama(-a/yama(an/ima(an

yama(-a

qoni yama(-a sürüglebesü 31v

yama(an-u

yama(an-u eber 21v

2213
WORD INDEX

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli ü¯e¯ü 42v

ima(an-u 59r

ima(an-u terigün metü 59v

yampar

yampar

yampar ba üiles üiledbesü 31v

yamparba kereg ¯asal keyilgebesü 35v

yampar qa(uèin bara(an bürin-e ¯asabasu 36r

yampar ba sayin üiles buu üiled 41v

yamparèilan

yamparèilan

ari(un takin-a yamparèilan uqa(ulqui anu 1v

Yang Gung-¯ii

Yang Gung ¯ii

arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung ¯ii kemekü arši-narun ügülegsen ma(u

edür-<y>i ü¯ekü anu 47r

yangqa

yangqa

yal-a yangqa qa(albasu 23v

yar-a

yar-a

2214
WORD INDEX

yar-a šarq-a bolqu 50r

yasu(n)

yasu-tu

qara yasutu meneki mör [(arbasu] ma(u 49r

yasutu meneki metü 59v

yasutu menekey-yin kürmeli 60r

yasun

kümün-ü yasun (ar(abasu 23r, 24v, 25v, 27r, 30v, 35v

ükügsen kümün-ü yasun tüleküi-dür 27r

ükügsed-ün yasun (ar(abasu 28v

yasun (ar(abasu 30r, 31v, 40r, 41r, 42r, 43v, 44r, 47v

yasun buu (ar(-a ((ar(abasu) 33v, 34r, 43r, 55r

kümün-ü yasun bulabasu 32r

kümün[-ü] yasun bariqu-yin ¯a(ur-a ol¯a ol(o(ula(èi Tanis buyu 33v

qa(uèin üküger-ün yasun ¯asabasu 36v

eèige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v

kümün-ü yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r

yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu 55v

ükül-ün yasun ü¯ekü üile bolqu 57r

mör ba yasun buu (ar(-a 58v

yegüd-

2215
WORD INDEX

yegüdkü

gertür yegüdkü edür 6r

yegüdke-

yegüdkeküi

yegüdkeküi-dür

gertür yegüdkeküi-dür 6r

yegüdken

ülü yegüdken 7r

yeke

yeke 13r

a(ui yeke 1v

a(ui yeke na(šidar 25v

(aq-a) yeke kümün 4v, 57v

yeke sar-a 51v, 53r

¯ir(u(an yeke ¯ir(u(an öèüken sar-a 6v

sara yeke bögesü 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r

saras-un yeke öèüken-i irekü bögesü 7r

yeke riddi qubil(an ü¯egülügsen buyan-tu sara 8r

yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

yeke salkin bolqu 14r, 15r

yeke küiten-ü èa( 17r

2216
WORD INDEX

yeke qara edür 41v, 41v

yeke qara edürün belge 20v

yeke erketü široy-yin èinar 24r

yeke ¯ud bolumui 25v

yeke kimor-du 26r, 26v, 27r

yeke (a¯ar 27r

qaram sedkil yeke 27v

yeke kii ködelkü 27v

yeke na(adum 28v

yeke beligtü 30r, 31v

qaram yeke biligtü 31r

yeke arad toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v

ker yeke üge ügülemüi 32v

yeke öèüken odun bügüde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v

èo(tu yeke ¯a(an 33v, 34r

yeke amatu 33v

yeke kölge-yi orèi(ulqu edür 34v

qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v

adistid yeke bolumui 37v, 38r

qoor qorom¯i yeke boluyu 38r

qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

2217
WORD INDEX

aèi ür-e inu maši yeke bol[u]yu 38r

yeke èi(ul(an 38v

öber-ün dayan-u küèün yeke bögesü ber 39r

yeke küèütü 40r, 46r

yeke törö baribasu 41v

yeke negüdel yabubasu 41v

(ai qarši yeke bolqu 47v

yeke erüger-dü bolumui 47v

yeke ma(u 50r

yeke sayin 50r, 53r, 54v

buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v

tngri-yin noqay-yin yabudal yeke kereg-dü bui 55v

yeke bayasqulang bolqu 56r, 56r

tusa yeke bolqu 56v

(abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu 57r, 57v

yeke sun-a odun 59r

yeke (arul(-a-u 59v

yekede

ed tavar yekede olqu 50r, 50r, 50r

yeke-tü

ar(-a ¯ali yeke-dü bui 28r

2218
WORD INDEX

yender

yender

qota yender baribasu 42v

yerimdeg

[see under ¯erimdeg]

yertinèü [see under yirtinèü]

yerü

yerü

yerü 3r, 4r, 38r, 51v, 55r

yerü ta(alal 3v

yerü ür-e tasulu(èi 34r

yerü ma(u 48v

yeru sayin 53r

yerüde 23r

yerüde sayin 36v

yii

[see under ¯i; see also under güi]

yile

yile

¯a yii [=¯i] yile 7v

ii geng yile 7v

2219
WORD INDEX

bing šin yile 7v

ding šim yile 7v

uu güi yile 7v

yilig

yilig 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 12v, 13v, 16v

yirtinèü

yirtinèü-dekin

yirtinèü-dekin-ü

yirtinèü-tekin-ü ¯obalang 2v

yirtinèü-teki ¯öng bilig 1v

yirtinèü-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r

yirtinèü-teki arsalan quraèimui 14r

yirtinèü-teki<n> okid üjügürkeküi èa( 15r

yirtinèü-teki dusul terigüten-i èinglegüür-iyer èinglemüi 16r

yirtinèü-teki amitan-i ala¯u kilinèe üiledküi èa( 17r

yirtinèü-teki numun qata(uu küèütü bolumui 18r

yirtinèü-deki aliba sayin üiles üiledbesü 44v

yirtinèü-dür

yirtinèü-dür meneki-yin da(un kögemei bolumui 13r

yirtinèü-yi

yirti[n]èü-yi ebdegèi 39v

2220
WORD INDEX

yirtinèü-yin

yirtinèü-yin qamu( amitan quraèaqui sedkil törömüi 12r

yirtinèü-yin üiles 38r

yokibani

yokibani

na(šidar-a sam-a yokibani 32r

yosu(n)

yosu

¯ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu 3r

yosu-yi

Dülb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(èin kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yerü

ta(alal inu tabun ¯üil bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v

yosun

nigen qono(-i ¯a(un möèi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun 6r

yosun medeküi mergen 56v

yosun-dur

to(an-u yosun-dur qono( tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-yi medekü

kereg 3r

yosun-u

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqa¯u narin-a ü¯egdeküi buyu 2v

yosutu

2221
WORD INDEX

bügüde-yin to(alal nigen yosutu bol(an ü¯ebesü 4r

yosu(ar

yosu(ar 32v

Široi odun-iyar ekilegsen-ü yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r

Manjušari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar 2v

Enedk[e]g-ün yosu(ar 2v, 2v

Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi Široi odun-iyar ekileküi terigüten

Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v

na(šidar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u ¯irüken neretü sudur-lu(-a

Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san ¯okiyabai 2v

arban qoyar šitün barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ündüsün-eèe

Nagajun-a-yin ¯okiya(san yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v

¯il kiged naiman ayima( terigüten (a¯ar usun-u e¯id ba èi(ulqui qariqui ba.

qami(-a sa(uqui terigüten-i Kitad-un to(oèin-u yosu(ar ¯okiyabai 2v

Ba’jar dagini-yin ündüsün kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margišar

sara-yin arban ¯ir(u(an ebülün nara ba(uqu edür šinelemüi 3r

yerü Suša( sar-a terigüten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(šidar-un neres-iyer

nereyidkü inu nigen tokiyaldu(san-u tulada. ene yosu(ar ü¯egdekü 3r

qan tayiši tüšimed yosu(ar odèu 21v

ündüsün-ü yosu(ar 37v

odun na(šidar qamtuddu(san-iyar dörben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uèiral

2222
 Èa(-un kürdün-ü yosu(ar ¯okiyasu(ai 45v

šagšabud-iyan yosu(ar 56v

yuu

yuu

yuu sui

ene on ¯uu [=yuu] sui 7r

2223
 Curriculum Vitae
of Brian Baumann
2451 E. 10th St., #920
Bloomington, IN 47408
(812) 857-6387
bbaumann@indiana.edu
EDUCATION:
PhD Central Eurasian Studies, Indiana University, 2000-2005
Dissertation: Divine Knowledge: Buddhist Mathematics According to Antoine
Mostaert’s Manual of Mongolian Astrology and Divination
Organizer, Manchu Reading Group, 2004-2005
MA Central Eurasian Studies, Indiana University, 1995-2000
Area of Speciality, Mongolian Studies
Minor Fields, East Asian Languages and Culture, Tibetan
Languages studied: Mongolian, Mongolian Dialects, Daur, Chinese (modern
and classical), Tibetan, Manchu, Uigur, French, and German
Fellowship, FLAS, 1998
MA English, University of North Dakota, 1990-1995
Graduate Teaching Assistant
BA English, University of North Dakota, 1985-1990
Summa cum laude
Phi Beta Kappa
WORK EXPERIENCE:
TEACHING:
Assistant Instructor, The Tibetan Issue, 2001
Assistant Instructor, Mongolian Culture, 1998
English composition, University of North Dakota, 1990-91, 1993-95
English language, Peace Corps, Mongolia, 1991-1993
TRANSLATING AND INTERPRETING FOR MONGOLIAN:
U.S. State Department, 1997-2005
AT&T Language Line Services, 1998-present
Pangea Communications, 2001
International Monetary Fund, 2001
TELE Interpreters: 2002-present
LIBRARY:
Cataloguer, Indiana University, 1996-2002
PAPERS PRESENTED:
“True Miracles: the Rhetoric of Buddhist Ritual,” Central Eurasian Studies
Conference, 2005.
“Conflicting Concepts of Time: a Motif for Looking at the Fall of Buddhism and the
Rise of Communism in Mongolia,” Mongolia Society Conference, 2005.
“The Omen Portent in Inner Asia,” Central Eurasian Studies Conference, 2001.
“Gods and the Unexcluded Middle Term,” Central Eurasian Studies Conference,
2000.
“Aspects of Time Reckoning in Sangwar’s Manual,” Central Eurasian Studies
Conference, 1998.
 “The Literary Appeal of Baron Ungern Sternberg’s Mongolian Reign,” Central
Eurasia Studies Conference, 1997.
ARTICLES:
“‘Nakshatra astrology’ in Antoine Mostaert’s Manual of Mongolian Astrology and
Divination,” The Black Master: Essays on Central Eurasia, Wiesbaden:
Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005.
REVIEWS:
T. Namjim, Mongolyn Ert ba Edugee [Mongolia, past and present], in Mongolian
Studies,[forthcoming].
Paula Sabloff, ed., Modern Mongolia: Reclaiming Genghis Khan in Journal of Asian
Studies in Journal of Asian Studies, 37 (2003): 118-120.
Gertrude Roth Li, Manchu, a Textbook for Reading Documents in Eurasian Studies
Yearbook 73 (2000): 194-197.
EDITORIAL WORK:
Jennifer Liu, Encounters [forthcoming].
Jennifer Liu, Connections I & II, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.
Jack Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York:
Crown Publishers, 2004.
AFFILIATIONS:
American Academy of Religion
Association for Asian Studies
The Mongolia Society