A Short Note on Ways to

Short Note Series for DSG

In academic paper, we use published materials (literature) to
support the points we are making. We support our ideas in
the form of:
• Theoretical ideas
The key is to know how to include evidence in the writing and • Research findings
• Scholarly opinions
give due credit to the authors. • Critical evaluations

Paraphrasing is one of the ways,

where we rewrite what the author said in our

own words and in a way that the reader will
find it easier to understand.
A GOOD paraphrase A POOR paraphrase
reflects the main has a very similar
ideas as the original sentence structure as
source. the source.

maintains the words

uses your own words of the original author,
and writing style. with only few
different ones.

When you use

phrases that are in borrows phrases
the original quote, without putting them
put them in quotation in quotes.
markds.

mentions the
author(s) to give due does not give credit
credit to the source to the source.
of the idea.
To integrate another person’s ideas in your paper,
choose a verb that reflects the tone, attitude and position of the author you are
citing.

Instead of using says and states, replace them with: Hasan (2002) states..
Frieda (2011) says…

acknowledges defines goes further

admits describes holds that
affirms delves deeper implies
agrees discloses insists
believes examines includes
claims explains identifies
comments that explores maintains
concedes that echoes mentions
challenges feels notes
concludes finds observes
compares focuses on points out
points to
prefers Extra tips:
proves
proposes 1. When reading, get the gist, the main idea, of
provides what the author wants to say.
evidence 2. Read several times until you feel that you get
qualifies the message.
recalls 3. Note the important points. Write them down.
4. Look away from the original text when you
refers to
rewrite in your own words.
reminds 5. Remember, writing is a process. Go through it
responds until you get an effective paraphrase.
speculates
summarizes
suggests
touches on
verifies
writes that All the best!
Rasheedah Zakariya
fasihenglish@gmail.com FB: