MODULE 05 –

APA Citation
What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism – it is an act of stealing or
copying a writer’s ideas, works
writings, etc. Without acknowledging
the writer.
The person is putting his reputation his
reputation at stake which may result
to getting a failing grade, losing his or
her job or worse face a lawsuit
What is Plagiarism?
To avoid plagiarizing, citing the sources is
the answer. This also shows the readers that
the writer has read sources and has done
research in order to support the premise he or
she is espousing
As the famous idiom say “give the credit
where the credit is due”
Translating a person’s work into another
languages does not also exempt one from
citing the sources. The idea is still originally
that the author so he or she should be given
credit for this.
What should be cited
1.An idea borrowed from the
another author
2.A word or a phrase copied
from a source and
3.A paragraph copied from a
written work of another
author
Citing Sources
Citing Sources – is as
important is knowing what
source/s to use in your paper.
Aside from deciding on what
sources to us what sources to
use, you also to have to
decide how you are going to
present
Citing Sources
In choosing your sources, you must
considered the following:
A. Is the source reliable?
B. Is the data or information valid, correct,
verifiable and free from bias?
C. Is your source a product of a research?
D. It is current? When was it published?
Quotations
Quoting – is the use of the author’s exact
words which is enclosed in quotation marks.
It is encouraged when a word, a phrase a
sentence or a paragraph cannot be
paraphrased or summarized because it
may distort the meaning of the text.
The danger of using too much quotations in
one’s paper is that it may seem like a
patchwork of other people’s work not that of
the writer
Paraphrases
Paraphrasing – is restating the author’s
ideas into your own words to make the
writing style suitable to your and your
audience.
Paraphrased texts are not your own
ideas but borrowed from another author
so citing him or her is important
It should be simpler and should include
important points or details in order to avoid
misinterpretation
Paraphrases
What to remember when paraphrasing?
1. When paraphrasing, do not follow the exact order to
logical organizations of how the original texts were
arranged. Sentence inversions are also discouraged.
2. When lifting exact words and phrases from the
original text. Enclose the directly lifted words and
phrases in quotation marks
3. Always cite the author or authors
4. Avoid paraphrasing each sentence of the text. Read
the text carefully and paraphrase according to the
general idea that the entre paragraph or article
presents
Summaries
Summarizing – is recasting the writer’s ideas into
your own in a condensed version.
The summarized or condensed texts can be used
to support your ideas and your thesis statement
but it should be made clear that the ideas are
not originally yours but that of another author
Citing the original owner of the idea or ideas is a
must. The text is shorter than the original but
the key ideas are still incorporated in the
condensed version
 APA IN-TEXT CITATION
GUIDE
The tense of the verb used
in the introductory phrase
follows the rule in S-V
agreement.
1. One to Two Authors
Example 1: According to Dungo (2016)
writing is a tendious process
Example 2: Writing is tedious process
(Dungo, 2016)
2. Three to Seven Authors – spell out the names
of all authors during the first citation

Example 1: According to Pesigan and Maranan

(2012) perseverance and hard work are the keys to
success
Example 2: Perseverance and hard work are the
keys to success (Pesigan and Maranan, 2012)
In the succeeding citations, write only the
name of the first author followed by “et.al”
Example 3: According to Pesigan et. al (2012)…
Example 4: ….. (Pesigan et al., 2012)
3. More than Seven Authors – Only the name of the first
author should be written followed by “et al.”

Example 1: Dela Cruz et. al (2009) assert that

there are multiple way to write an essay.
Example 2: There are multiple way to write an
essay. (Dela Cruz et. al., 2009)
4. No Author
Example 1: The most common strategies of
exposition includes development by example,
process, analysis and definition (The Strategies of
Exposition, 2006)
Example 2: The most common strategies of
exposition includes development by example,
process, analysis and definition (“The Strategies of
Exposition, 2006”)
5. No Date
Example 1: Park (n.d.) asserts that
incorporating source materials shows the
readers where the idea came from.
Example 2: Incorporating source materials
shows the readers where the idea came
from. (Park, n.d.).
6. Multiple Sources
Example 1: The best time to
study is determined by the
student himself (Bondoc, 2003;
Hardy, 2007; Si, 2008)
7. Online Sources
Example 1: A new and improve
publication manual will be
released in three months time
(Burke, 2005, 7).
 APA
REFERENCE
GUIDE
1.BOOK
One author
Format
Surname, First Name Initials. (Year of
Publication). Title of the Book. Place of
Publication: Publisher.
Example:
Bernard, J. (2000). The construction of personal
identity of high school students. Manila: SSC
Publishing House.
BOOK
Two or more authors
Format
Surname, First Name Initial & Surname, First
Name Initial. (Year of Publication). Title of the
Book. Place of Publication: Publisher.
Example
Garay, G. & Dela Rosa, K. (2000). Exceptional children
in the modern society. Quezon City: Gillard Press.
2. Article
Journal
Format:
Surname, First Name Initials. (Year of
Publication). “Title of the Article”. Title of the
Journal, volume (no.), pages.
Example:
Beltran, J. & Mariano, R. (2003). “Perceived
democracy of the Filipino Youth.” The Political
Science Journal, 44 (2), 101-102.
Magazine
Format
Surname, First Name Initials. (Year, month, day of
Publication). “Title of the Article”. Title of the
magazine, volume, pages.

Example:
Noble, H. (2009, October, 20). “Communicating at
its best.” The Cosmopolitan Vogue, 4, 8- 11.
Newspaper
Format:
Surname, First Name Initials. (Year, month, day of
Publication). “Title of the Article”. Name of the
Newspaper, page/s.
Example
Tiburcio, L. (2003, April, 29). The advancement
but disadvantages of technology.” Philippine
Herald Times, p. A11.
Online
Format:

Example:
Hollister, P. (2006). The art of letting go and moving
on. Retrieved April 27, 2010, from
http://www.yourpersonalcounsellor.com.ph.
REFERENCES
Avilla, R. A., (2016). Practical research 1. Makati City: Diwa Learning System, Inc.
Baraceros, E. L., (2016). Practical Research 1. Manila: Rex Publishing.
Francisco, P. M. S., et.al. (2016) Practical Research 1. Manila: Mindshapers Co, Inc.
Marquez, F., et al. (2016). Practical Research 1 Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc,
Perla, C. V., et. al. (2007) Interactive Technical Writing. Manila: UST Publishing House.