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GRADE 12- ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Quarter 1
Module No. 3.2
Week 3
In This Module:

Content Standard: Performance Standard:

The learner acquires knowledge of The learner produces a detailed

appropriate reading strategies for a abstract of information gathered from
better understanding of academic the various academic texts read.
texts.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Uses various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts

In the
previous chapter, you were taught to be a critical reader. It was emphasized that critical reading is a
requirement in order to become a critical writer. Reading gives you more knowledge about the world and
makes you aware of the different issues happening around you, helps you explore and discover new things,
etc. Reading, in this sense, can enrich your writing.

At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

 Document the sources properly using MLA; and
 Paraphrase/explain a text using one’s own words; and

III. PROCEDURES

INTRODUCTION

What materials were you able to get from your research? How will you use them to write your essay?
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Before you start the actual process of writing, you need to make sure that the assumptions that you
have about your topic can be supported by evidence. This can be done by making sure that you have enough
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resources on that topic. Being able to find a lot of reading materials—books, articles, journals—that relate to
your topic will confirm that your topic is important since prior studies were done about it; it will also
suggest that you contribute something new to the existing studies

DEVELOPMENT

ACTIVITY 1

WHAT YOU KNOW

Researching in the library or surfing the internet to look for sources for the paper may seem easy for
some students. What to do with those sources is a different matter, though.

Suppose you found an article in the library and there was one paragraph that you think you could use
in your paper. How would you incorporate it in your paper? Would you copy the entire paragraph? Would
you lift some important ideas? Or would you copy the structure of the paragraph and substitute some words
with their synonyms?

What would you do with this paragraph so that you can use it in your paper?

As I have noted earlier, the interviews were partly responsible for some differences between the
two interviewees. For instance, the opening signal in Mike’s interview presupposes that Mike is
good in other sports too aside from basketball, and the interviewer just asked what sport he is
lousiest at. In Gretchen’s interview, however, the opening signal is presupposing that karate is a
man’s game so the first question was how she got into this man’s game. She was also asked if she
has ever used her charm to win against guys; again, presupposing that women use their charm to
get what they want from men.

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You are right to say that you cannot just copy the paragraph and incorporate it in your paper; doing
so would be considered plagiarism. Plagiarism has become a buzzword not only in the academe but also in
other fields like literature, photography, and fine arts. Perhaps, you have heard news about people who were
stripped off their diploma, license, or award because they were found to have plagiarized other people’s
work.

What is plagiarism? When can you be accused of plagiarizing pother people’s works? Plagiarism
could be any of the following:

 Deliberate copying of somebody else’s work and claiming that work to be his/her own;
 Using somebody else’s work or ideas without proper acknowledgement or citation; and
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  Copying the text without paraphrasing it.

Ways to avoid plagiarism:

Cite often and properly Use quotation marks around:

• Cite any ideas that are not your own,
including summaries.
• Be sure to include in-text parenthetical
citation after quotes and paraphrase.
• Include all sources on the Works Cited
or References page.
Cite as you write!
• Although it might seem easier to save
the citations for later, you risk mixing
up your sources and accidentally not
citing a source.
• Organize and take notes as you do
your research.
• Include your in-text citations as you
add them to your paper.
• Specific words or phrases from an
author (direct quotes).
• ideas, theories, and any information
that is not your own.
• 3 or more consecutive words from a
source.
Other Tips:
• Use a block quote when a quotation has
40 or more words
• Avoid self-plagiarism: don’t recycle
papers and presentations from previous
assignments
• don’t rely too much on direct quotes

What you don’t have to cite:

▪ Your own ideas, findings, and conclusions.

▪ Common knowledge:
o Public domain facts that are contained in multiple reference materials. When
in e.g. George Washington was the first President of the United States doubt,
o Widely known phrases, expressions, and sayings. cite!!!
e.g. The early bird gets the worm
▪ Common terms and knowledge within a field:
e.g. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (in Psychology or Child Development
courses)

Paraphrasing is one of the ways to avoid plagiarism. Kit is rendering the essential ideas in a text
(sentence or paragraph) using your own words. Paraphrased materials are usually shorter than the original
text. it is more detailed than a summary. When you paraphrase, it is advised that you first understand what
the text is about then write your rendition of the text without referring to it as you write. The tendency when
you have the text in front of you is to copy the structure of the text and just change some of the words, which
still qualify as plagiarism.

Strategies for
Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing is taking the words of another and making it your own by using different words and
sentence structures than the original.
It still counts as plagiarism if you keep the original sentence structure while switching the author’s
words with synonyms. For example:
Original Text: Plagiarized Text: Paraphrased Text:

The teen driver ran his car A young adult drove

3 his The previous day a young
off the road while driving automobile off the highway driver lost control while
over 100 mph last night. while driving very quickly driving his vehicle at a high
yesterday. speed (Smith,2015).
 1. Read the source material several times, without stopping to take notes as you go.
2. Try to recall what main points you read without consulting the source material again (keep the
book closed and see what you come up with).
3. Be sure you understand the source material and can identify the main idea(s).
4. Write down in your own words what you understood as the main point(s).
• It helps if you pretend you are explaining it to another person who has not read the source!
5. Repeat the process until you have a version that is in your own words and accurately interprets
what the source text says.
6. If you can’t paraphrase using only your own words, be sure to use quotation marks around
unique phrases from the original that you do use (and don’t forget to cite, too!).
For example:

Original Text: Plagiarized Text: Paraphrased Text:

“…and the biggest lie of all
is that there is one, set,
specific, appropriate, formal
way to communicate in
America” (Young,2009,
p.20).
The biggest lie of all is the
idea of there being a
Standard English.
Young (2009) claims that
“the biggest lie of all” is the
very idea of there being a
Standard English (p.20).
“…

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NOTE: Whenever you paraphrase, always keep in mind that your primary goal is to capture the essence of
your selected passage regardless of the words you used in order to use it to build up your main argument.

ENGAGEMENT

Let us go through the process of paraphrasing:

1. Repeatedly read the passage to be paraphrased until you have completely understood what it says.
Doing so will help you arrive at an accurate understanding of the text at hand and prevent yourself
from misquoting a passage.
ACTIVITY 2

Below is a sample passage from an academic essay. Examine it carefully, and underscore the important
points it communicates. You may use marginal notes to help you organize thoughts.

The second chapter of Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed offers us a

libertarian model of education called problem-posing education, asserting
man’s freedom over the education system’s apparent oppression of the students
through banking education. As opposed to banking education, problem-posing
education does not view the teacher as the sole interpreter and disseminator of
information in the classroom. The Freirean education model empowers
students by allowing them to join in the process of inquiry, to think critically as
they interact with reality, and to bring out their creativity by allowing them to
contribute to the intellectual discourse in the classroom.

2. Do not look at the passage while you are writing your paraphrase. Doing so might influence your
choice of words in your paraphrase. If it does, then your paraphrase may bear a lot of resemblance
with the original passage, and this constitutes plagiarism, or using another person’s ideas without
proper attribution. Below are the common types of plagiarism:

A. Word-for-Word (Verbatim) Plagiarism:

This is also known as cut-and-paste plagiarism. This happens when a researcher copies the work
of another writer word-for-word or verbatim and claims it as his or her own.
B. Word order Plagiarism:
This happens when a writer changes some of the words of another author to make the work look
as if it were his or her own.
C. Idea Plagiarism:
This happens when a writer paraphrases a work and includes it into his or her own article without
proper attribution. Thus, it is important to cite the sources of all the borrowed ideas found in a
paper.

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 To avoid such an offensive, go over your work many times before submitting it to your
instructor; make sure that your claims are original, and that the works you used to support them
are properly cited.

ACTIVITY 3

Rough draft: Initial paraphrase of the passage

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3. After
writing your paraphrase, read the original passage once again to check if you were able to accurately
capture its meaning. By doing this, you will avoid misquoting your source.

4. Check whether your paraphrase has errors in grammar or mechanics: Always assume that your
academic paper will be read by an international audience, and as such, your paraphrases should more or less
be free of errors in grammar and mechanics so that your readers will not have a hard time deciphering your
ideas.

ACTIVITY 4

Edited Draft

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 5.Always cite your sources: this may vary depending on the nature of the paper you are working on. If you
are working on an academic paper, then use a citation style recognized by academics. These include citation
formats such as APA (American Psychological Association, for Natural and Social Sciences), MLA
(Modern Language Association, for the Humanities), and Turabian. If you are simply working on a
magazine article or a manual, merely mentioning where you got your ideas will do.

ACTIVITY 5

Directions: Write the final version of the paraphrase you came up with in the box below:

Edited Draft

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SSIMILA ______________________________________________________________________ TI
ON ______________________________________________________________________
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Directions: Paraphrase the following excerpts from textbooks.

PARAPHRASE OF THE SECTION ON MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION

MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION
The Mycenaeans were natives of
the area around the Caspian Sea.
In 1990 B.C.E., they migrated to
Greece where they established
their own cities. In 1400 B.C.E.,
they invaded Knossos and the
other cities in Crete and ended
the dominance of the Minoan
civilization in the Aegean Sea.
Because of their control of the
Aegean Sea, Homer called them
Achaeans.

As union troops marched off to PARAPHRASE OF THE TEXT ABOUT JULIA WARD HOWE
war, the soldiers would sing
familiar tunes for which they had
21.2 MAGNETIC
made FIELDS
their less-than-elegant
You have
lyrics. The learned
song “The thatBattle
the
interaction
Hymn of thebetween
Republic” changed
was
objectsby
written canJulia
be described
Ward Howe using
the concept of
(1819-1910) at athe
electric field. of
suggestion 7
Similarity,
minister. Thea magnetic
new lyricsfield
caught
surrounding
on any magnetized
and were reprinted in
material can
countless be described
newspapers this
and hymn
way.
boards.
The teacher will post a PDF copy of “Documenting Sources in MLA Style” on your Google Drive or
Messenger. This contains everything you need to know about the Modern Language Association (MLA)
formatting and style guide, which is often used in the arts and humanities. Make sure to read the document
and familiarize yourselves with the format in citing sources.

ASSESSMENT

Directions: For each item, shade the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

o Plagiarism
o Paraphrasing
o Quoting
o Citing
2. This is also known as cut-and-paste plagiarism.

o Word order plagiarism

o Word-for-word plagiarism
o Idea plagiarism

3. It properly makes it easier for readers to navigate and comprehend a text by providing familiar cues when referring
to sources and borrowed information.

o American Psychological Association (APA)

o Modern Language Association (MLA)
4. It is rendering the essential ideas in a text using your own words. A way to avoid plagiarism

o Paraphrasing
o Plagiarism
o Citing
o Writing
5. Change from _____________ to indirect

o Direct speech
o Quoted speech
o Clause
o Indirect

Prepared by: Noted:

MARICHELLE I. PUROS CHRISTOPHER C. DE LEON

Teacher Principal

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