Lesson

STANDARD STYLES IN
REVIEW OF RELATED
10 LIT., CITATION, OR
REFERENCES
LOVELY JIMENEZ –TUPAL
SHS Teacher III

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1- ESTHER L. BARACEROS

 LEARNING COMPETENCY:
CITES RELATED LITERATURE USING STANDARD STYLE THROUGH :

• Unlock the meaning of an unfamiliar word through context clues

• Express your thoughts and feelings using newly learned words
• Compare and contrast the styles and patterns of in-text citations
• Enumerate the purposes of citations
• Evaluate the accuracy of citations to reading materials
• Identify the causes and effects of plagiarism
MAKING WORDS MEANINGFUL
DIRECTION. USING CONTEXTUAL CLUES, GIVE THE
MEANING OF THE HIGHLIGHTED WORD IN THE SENTENCE

• 1. Those are my words that you want to appear in your book.

Hence, you must give them the proper citation in your work to tell
the readers of my ownership of the ideas behind the language
structures.
• 2. Refusing to acknowledge the presence of the Iranian guest, he
turned the microphone to somebody, and then left the stage.
 MAKING WORDS MEANINGFUL
DIRECTION. USING CONTEXTUAL CLUES, GIVE THE
MEANING OF THE HIGHLIGHTED WORD IN THE SENTENCE
• 3. People, topic, place, and time, among others, make up the context
of communication.
• 4. Judiciously, the buyers analyzes and critizes the item before he
decides to say yes to the seller.
• 5. A flower is generally known as apart of a plant, but varied
connotations by every individual have been to this blossom.
USING THE NEWLY LEARNED WORDS

• Directions: Use each newly learned word in a sentence.

• 1. Citation- an act of quoting, expert, salutation, tribute, mention
• 2. Acknowledge- grant proper recognition, express gratitude
• 3. context- the words that are used with a certain word or phrase and help to
explain its meaning, medium, atmosphere or environment
• 4. Judiciously- having exercising or characterized by sound judgment
intelligent, wise
• 5. Connotations- an idea or quality that a word makes you think about in
addition to its meaning, implication, signification,
STIRRING UP IMAGINATION
SPECULATE… SPECULATE…SPECULATE

One recent study by Castro, 2016) defined

Intercultural competence as an ability to interact
harmoniously with people from different cultural
background. Giving this expression another name,
(David,2017) calls it Cross cultural or Inter-culture
Competence. Described by Tolentino (2018, p.38 as
a social based activity, intercultural competence has
context as its “One latest study by (Tuazon, 2018)
explains context as a broad term that refers to all
the circumstances affecting social interaction.
STIRRING UP IMAGINATION
SPECULATE… SPECULATE…SPECULATE

How will you compare the text in

the frame with an essay you
encountered in the past? Why does
this text look like this?
What additional ideas about your
guesses are revealed by the
following lecture discussion.
 STANDARD STYLES IN RELATED LITERATURE
CITATIONS OR REFERENCES
 One cardinal principle in research is acknowledging or
recognizing the owner of any form of knowledge you
intend to include in your research paper.
 Doing this practice signals not just honesty and courtesy
to learned people whose ideas lend information to your
paper, but also indicates your appreciation for their
contribution to the field. (Hammersely, 2013)
 THE FOLLOWING ARE THE 3 TERMS USED TO
EXPRESS APPRECIATION OR RECOGNITION OF
PEOPLE’S OWNERSHIP OF BORROWED IDEAS:
1. Acknowledgement- beginning portion of the work that identifies
individuals who have contributed something for the production of
the paper
2. References or Bibliography- complete list of all reading materials,
including books, journals, periodicals, etc. from where the
borrowed ideas came from
3. Citation or In-text Citation- references within the main body of
the text, specifically in Review of Related Literature
 PURPOSES OF CITATION
1. Give importance and respect to other people for what they know
about the field
2. Give authority, validity, and credibility to other people’s claims,
conclusions and arguments
3. Prove your broad and extensive reading of authentic and relevant
materials about your topic
4. Help readers find or contact the sources of ideas easily
5. Permit readers to check the accuracy of your work
6. Save yourself from plagiarism
 STYLES OF CITATION
1. Integral citation
 One way of citing or referring to the author whose ideas appear
in your work.
 Using active verbs like claim, assert, state, etc. somehow
expresses the authors' mental position, attitude, stand, or opinion
in relation to the information referred to.
 STYLES OF CITATION
1. Integral citation
Two Examples of Integral Citation
American Psychological
Association (APA)
One study by Manalo (2015)
reveals… or (Manalo, 2015)
The latest work by (Lee,2015)
asserts… or Lee (2015)
According to Abad et al. (2015)
context is …
Modern Language Association
(MLA)
One study by (Manalo 70)
(Velarde 4: 389-403) for periodicals
The latest work by (Lee 123)
(Acosta, Hizon, Lopez 235-240)
According to (Abad et al.. 54)
(Flores et.al. 150-158)
 STYLES OF CITATION
2. Non-integral citation
The stress is given to the piece of information rather than the owner
of the ideas
Examples of Non-integral Citation:
a. The code of ethics for Intercultural Competence give four ways by
which people from different cultural background can harmoniously
relate themselves with one another. (De la Cruz, 2015)
b. The other components of Intercultural Competence which are also
present in SFG are: context (Harold, 2015, p.9), appropriateness
(Villar et al. 2016, p 168-170), and emotions (Flores, 2016).
 PATTERNS OF CITATION
1. Summary
 Citation is a shortened version of the original text that expresses in
your own language
 Making the text short, you have to pick out only the most important
ideas or aspects of the text
2. Paraphrase
 Explaining what the text means to you using your own words which
may decrease or exceed the number of words of the original text
 PATTERNS OF CITATION
3. Short Direct Quotation
 Only a part of the author’s sentence, the whole sentence, or several
sentences, not exceeding 40 words is what you quote or repeat in
writing
 It is necessary that you give the number of the page where the
readers can find the copied words
Example:
Context is influenced by these four factors: “language, culture,
institutions, and ideologies.” (Aranda, 2015, p.8)
 PATTERNS OF CITATION
4. Long Direct Quotation or Block Quotation, or Extract
 Makes you copy the author's exact words numbering from 40 up to
100 words.
 Under APA, the limit is eight lines. Placed at the center of the page
with no indentation, the copied lines look like they compose a
stanza of a poem.
Example:
The latest study by (Hizon, 2015) reveals the social nature of
language. Stressing this nature of language, he says:
4. Long Direct Quotation or Block Quotation, or Extract
Example:
The latest study by (Hizon, 2015) reveals the social nature of
language. Stressing this nature of language, he says:

Language features result from the way people use language to

meet their social needs. In their interactions, they use language
to describe, compare, agree, explain, disagree, and so on. Each
language function requires a certain set of language features like
nouns for naming, adjectives for comparing, verbs for agreeing,
prepositions for directing, and conjunctions for connecting
ideas. (p.38)
 Remember…..
You should quote judiciously because
having so many quoted words or lines in
your paper signals your lack of
understanding of such part of the text.
Frequent copying of the author’s words
indicates your lack of originality in
conducting your research work
To avoid negative connotations about direct quotations in your
paper, have in mind the following reasons to justify your act of
quoting or repeating in writing other people’s words. (Ransome
2013)
1. The idea is quite essential
2. The idea is reputable or arguable
3. The sentence is ambiguous or has multiple meanings
4. There’s a strong possibility that questions may be raised about the
citation
5. It is an excellent idea that to make it a part of your paper will bring
prestige and credibility to your entire work
5. Tense of verbs for reporting
 Active verbs are effective words to use in reporting author’s ideas.
 Present their ideas in any of these tenses: present, simple past, or
present perfect tense.
 The APA system, however, prefers the use of present perfect tense.
Examples
Present tense Marcos explains….
Past tense Marcos explained ….
Present perfect tense Marcos has explained…
 Plagiarism…..
An act of quoting or copying the exact
words of the writer and passing the quoted
words off as your own word.
The right way to avoid plagiarism is to
express the borrowed ideas in your own
words. (Ransome, 2013)
 Remember…..
 Taking ownership of what do not belong to you is a criminal
act that is punishable by imprisonment and indemnity or
payment of money to compensate for any losses incurred by
the owners of expressions that you copied without their
permission.
 The safest way to avoid plagiarism is to reveal the name of the
author in your paper, including the pieces of information
(author, title, date, place of publication, publisher, etc.)
about the book where you copied the words. (Hammersely,
2013)
EXPLAINING LEARNED CONCEPTS

Directions: Group Activity. Based on what you have learned from our
lecture discussion, explain or clarify what you mean about the
following lines.
1. Be judicious in quoting words.
2. Apply honesty and courtesy in Literature-review writing.
3. A stanza-like part of a text possibly appears in your paper.
4. You can’t personally say, “Thank you” to the authors, but can have
other ways to express your gratitude to them.
EXPLAINING LEARNED CONCEPTS

5. Quotations indicate lack of the paper’s originality.

6. You don’t have an absolute freedom to quote the words of the
author.
7. Produce a condensed from of the reading material.
8. Citation is just one of the many ways to acknowledge the sources of
information.
9. Integral citation has a personal touch.
10. There’s a limit to your act of quoting words.
 Quiz Number 3
Direction. Choose only the letter of the correct answer.
1. One cardinal principle in research is
A. Acknowledging b. Authority C. Credibility d. validity
2. The beginning portion of the work that identifies
individuals contribution to your paper
B. Acknowledgement b. Bibliography c. Citation d.
plagiarism
3. A complete list of all reading materials from where
borrowed ideas came from
C. Acknowledgement b. Bibliography c. Citation d.
plagiarism
4. References within the main body of the text found in RRL
A. Acknowledgement b. Bibliography c. Citation d. plagiarism
5. One way of citing to the author ideas appear in your work
a. Integral Citation b. Non-integral citation c. Summary
6. The stress is given to piece of information of the author
b. Integral Citation b. Non-integral citation c. Summary
7. Citation is a shortened version of the original text
c. Long Direct Quote b. Paraphrase c. Summary
8. Explains the text means to you using your own words
a. Long Direct Quote b. Paraphrase c. Summary
9. Only a part of the authors' sentence not exceeding 40 words is
quote in writing of your paper
a. Short Direct Quote b. Long Direct Quote c. Paraphrase
10. This method of referencing indicates the Author and year of
publication
a. APA b. ADA c. MLA d. MNL
11. This referencing indicate the page of the book or journal
b. APA b. ADA c. MLA d. MNL
12. Tense of verbs which are effective words to use in reporting
a. Active b. adverb c. Future d. Intransitive
13. An act of quoting the exact words of the wrtiter as if it is your
own word.
A. Acknowledgement b. Bibliography c. Citation d.
plagiarism
14. Taking ownership of what do not belong to you is a criminal
act that is punishable by
a. Community service b. imprisonment c. indemnity
15. What is the best way of quoting words to avoid negative
connotations about direct quotations in your paper?
a. Courtesy b. honesty c. judiciously d. originality
ACTIVITY NO. 3 STANDARD STYLE IN LITERATURE REVIEW

Directions: Pair Work. Together with your partner, do these three things
about each sentence or paragraph. First identify method of referencing
or integral citation, second the citation style used; third comment on
the accuracy of each text based on what you learned about in-text
citation.
Example: De Jesus and Roces felt that one research study by (Collanto
and Fernandez p. 88 and Vallejo, validated Meneses findings on the
Ebola virus.
Answer: 1. MLA, 2. Summary citation, 3. (De Jesus and Roces page),
(Collanto, Fernandez, Vallejo 88), (Meneses include page)
ELABORATING LEARNED CONCEPTS

Example: De Jesus and Roces felt that one research study by

(Collanto and Fernandez p. 88 and Vallejo, 2015 validated Meneses
findings on the Ebola virus.
Answer: 1. MLA, 2. Summary citation, 3. (De Jesus and Roces
page), (Collanto, Fernandez, Vallejo 88), (Meneses include page)
1. Many gave their comments about the medicinal powers of
ampalaya. For instance, the latest study by Santos and Gomez
revealed that the juice of this vegetable can be a good cure against
diabetes.
ELABORATING LEARNED CONCEPTS

Example: De Jesus and Roces felt that one research study by (Collanto and
Fernandez p. 88 and Vallejo, 2015 validated Meneses findings on the Ebola
virus.
Answer: 1. MLA, 2. Summary citation, 3. (De Jesus and Roces page), (Collanto,
Fernandez, Vallejo 88), (Meneses include page)
2. A number of medicinal plants can be found in one’s family
backyard. Fruit trees like santol, mango, guava, tamarind, atis, and
guyabano, among others, grow robustly in any spacious area in a yard.
Needing noregular watering, these plants always make themselves
available to people believing in their medicinal qualities. (Rafael
ELABORATING LEARNED CONCEPTS

Example: De Jesus and Roces felt that one research study by

(Collanto and Fernandez p. 88 and Vallejo, 2015 validated Meneses
findings on the Ebola virus.
Answer: 1. MLA, 2. Summary citation, 3. (De Jesus and Roces page),
(Collanto, Fernandez, Vallejo 88), (Meneses include page)
3. One study by Laguardia (2015) has identified the seven components
of Intercultural competence that according to Florentino (2015, p.45)
are likewise the leading elements of “ contemporary theory called
Systemic functional Grammar.”
ELABORATING LEARNED CONCEPTS

4. According to William Smith, the K-12 curriculum is the key to the

Philippines success in this era of globalization. Agreeing on this,
Mariano (2016) in his latest book said,
Any opposition against the immediate implement of K-12
curriculum must not be entertained by the government
agencies in charge of monitoring the operation of this
educational program. All education specialist, curriculum
designer and planner as well as educators and all group of
people should embrace and open for this changes.
“The safest way to avoid plagiarism is be
aware of the fact that the copied words are
not yours…..” (Hammersely, 2013)

Thank you!!!